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Jeong J, Lee JY, Moon JS, Kang MS, Kang SI, Lee OM, Lee SH, Kwon YK, Chae M, Cho S. Virulence Genes, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Genotypes of Campylobacter jejuni Isolated from Chicken Slaughterhouses in South Korea. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2024. [PMID: 38608218 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2023.0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni represents one of the leading causes of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans and is primarily linked to chicken meat contamination. In the present study, we analyzed the virulence and survival genes, antimicrobial resistance, and the clonal distribution of 50 C. jejuni isolates obtained from various sources in 14 chicken slaughterhouses across 8 provinces in South Korea from 2019 to 2022. Furthermore, we determined their genetic relatedness to human-derived isolates registered in PubMLST using multilocus sequence typing (MLST). All isolates harbored various virulence and survival genes (flhA, cadF, cdtA, cdtC, cmeA, and sodB) out of 17 tested genes, as confirmed via polymerase chain reaction analysis. Adherence factor gene virB11 was not detected in any isolate. All isolates harbored 12 or more virulence and survival genes. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing indicated that ciprofloxacin resistance was the most prevalent (84.0%), followed by nalidixic acid (82.0%) and tetracycline (52.0%) resistance. MLST analysis of the isolates revealed 18 sequence types (STs), including four new ones. Overlapping STs between chicken slaughterhouse and human-derived isolates included ST42, ST45, ST50, ST137, ST354, and ST464. Our study identified 11 clonal complexes (CCs), with CC-21 being the most prevalent in both human and chicken slaughterhouse-derived isolates. This study provides comprehensive insights into recent C. jejuni isolates from chicken slaughterhouses, including data on quinolone resistance and virulence factors. The MLST-based genetic relatedness between isolates from humans and chicken slaughterhouses in this study suggests the potential of C. jejuni transmission from chickens to humans through the food chain. This study suggests the need for improved management practices in chicken slaughterhouses to reduce the transmission of chicken slaughterhouse-derived C. jejuni to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Jeong
- Avian Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, South Korea
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Youn Lee
- Avian Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, South Korea
| | - Jin-San Moon
- Avian Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, South Korea
| | - Min-Su Kang
- Avian Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, South Korea
| | - Sung-Il Kang
- Avian Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, South Korea
| | - O-Mi Lee
- Avian Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, South Korea
| | - So-Hee Lee
- Avian Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, South Korea
| | - Yong-Kuk Kwon
- Avian Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, South Korea
| | - Myeongju Chae
- Avian Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, South Korea
| | - Seongbeom Cho
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Yaseen K, Ali S, Rahman SU, Sajid MS. Comparative Molecular Virulence Typing and Antibiotic Resistance of Campylobacter Species at the Human-Animal-Environment Interface. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2024. [PMID: 38394319 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2023.0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study holds significant importance due to its focus on Campylobacter, the leading bacterial cause of gastroenteritis worldwide, responsible for ∼96 million cases each year. By investigating the prevalence of both Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in humans, animals, and the environment, this research sheds light on the broader impact of these pathogens, which can harm both human and animal populations. Traditional microbiological methods were implemented followed by optimized multiplex polymerase chain reaction targeting 16S rDNA and virulence gene markers by using specific primers. The findings revealed that a total of 219 Campylobacter isolates were recovered from 528 collected specimens from human, animal, and environmental sources. Campylobacter species showed a prevalence of 41.5%, with C. jejuni accounting for 53% and C. coli for 47%. Antimicrobial resistance rates were high, with tetracycline at 89%, ceftriaxone at 75%, cefotaxime at 70%, erythromycin at 69%, nalidixic acid at 54%, ciprofloxacin at 39%, and gentamicin at 23%. Commonly prevalent virulence-associated genes observed in the Campylobacter were cadF at 93%, flaA at 91%, cdtB at 88%, cheY at 86%, sodB at 78%, and iamA at 32%. The study confirmed multidrug-resistant Campylobacter prevalence at the human-animal-environment interface, harboring virulence-associated genes with potential harm to humans. Data analysis showed a nonsignificant (p ≥ 0.05) correlation between virulence genes and antibiotic susceptibility. To effectively manage Campylobacter infections, a multifaceted strategy incorporating preventative interventions at different levels is required. This strategy should take into account practicability, effectiveness, and sustainability while strengthening surveillance systems and addressing the economics of disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashaf Yaseen
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sultan Ali
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad-Ur Rahman
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohail Sajid
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Ntakiyisumba E, Tanveer M, Won G. Integrating meta-analysis with a quantitative microbial risk assessment model to investigate Campylobacter contamination of broiler carcasses. Food Res Int 2024; 178:113983. [PMID: 38309921 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.113983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the prevalence and associated risk factors of Campylobacter in South Korean broilers using a random-effects meta-analysis. Subsequently, to facilitate the design of preventive measures, the prevalence estimate from the meta-analysis was incorporated into a stochastic risk assessment model to quantify the Campylobacter contamination levels on broiler carcasses. The baseline model was developed based on the most common practices along the South Korean broiler processing line, with no interventions. Meta-analysis results revealed Campylobacter prevalence across the chicken supply chain in the following order: farms (60.6 % [57.3-63.4]), retail markets (43.90 % [24.81-64.99]), slaughterhouses (27.71 % [18.56-39.21]), and processing plants (14.50 % [3.96-41.09]). The model estimated a 52 % (36.1-70.8) Campylobacter prevalence at the end of chilling, with an average contamination level of 4.62 (2.50-6.74) log CFU/carcass. Sensitivity analysis indicated that Campylobacter fecal shedding (r = 0.95) and the amount of feces on bird exteriors (r = 0.17) at pre-harvest were the main factors for carcass contamination, while soft scalding (r = -0.22) and air chilling (r = -0.12) can serve as critical control points (CCPs) at harvest. Scenario analysis indicated that a combination of hard scalding, inside-outside bird washing, spray washing, and chlorinated water immersion chilling can offer a 30.9 % reduction in prevalence and a reduction of 2.23 log CFU/carcass in contamination levels compared to the baseline model. Apart from disinfection and sanitation interventions carried out during meat processing, the implementation of robust control measures is indispensable to mitigate Campylobacter prevalence and concentration at broiler farms, thereby enhancing meat safety and public health. Furthermore, given the high Campylobacter prevalence in the retail markets, future studies should explore the potential risk of cross-contamination at post-harvest stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eurade Ntakiyisumba
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan Campus, Gobong-ro 79 Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Maryum Tanveer
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan Campus, Gobong-ro 79 Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Gayeon Won
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan Campus, Gobong-ro 79 Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea.
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Kim SY, An D, Jeong H, Kim J. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns and Genetic Diversity of Campylobacter spp. Isolates from Patients with Diarrhea in South Korea. Microorganisms 2024; 12:94. [PMID: 38257921 PMCID: PMC10819060 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the latest antimicrobial resistance patterns and genetic diversity of Campylobacter spp. isolated from patients with acute diarrhea in Korea. In total, 371 clinical isolates (361 Campylobacter jejuni and 10 Campylobacter coli) were collected from patients with diarrhea in 106 medical institutions of six provinces during the seasonal peak (April-September 2022) in South Korea. We then assessed their antimicrobial susceptibility to eight antimicrobial agents and performed multilocus sequence typing (MLST). This study investigated the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles to tetracycline (32.3%), nalidixic acid (64.9%), and ciprofloxacin (83.3%), confirming high levels of the latter even after its Korean ban in 2010. However, tetracycline resistance displayed a decreasing trend. Alternatively, significantly lower resistance rates to clindamycin (0.8%), azithromycin (0.53%), erythromycin (0.53%), and gentamicin (0.53%) as well as absolute susceptibility to florfenicol (0%) were observed. Four C. jejuni and three C. coli isolates (7/371, 1.88%) were classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR) to at least three antimicrobial classes. MLST identified a high genetic diversity with 21 clonal complexes (CCs) and sixty-six sequence types (STs), including eight novel STs. The high CC frequency of C. jejuni comprised CC21 (37.7%), CC22 (13.8%), and CC206 (9.4%), while C. coli was predominated by CC828 (90%). The high CC21 and CC828 strain prevalence in this study was consistent with their worldwide distribution. This study highlights that quinolone- and tetracycline-resistant Campylobacter circulate in Korea with diverse genotypes, providing important information that could contribute to controlling and preventing increasing antimicrobial resistance in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Yeon Kim
- Division of Zoonotic and Vector-Borne Disease Research, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dongheui An
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seegene Medical Foundation, Seoul 04805, Republic of Korea; (D.A.); (H.J.)
| | - Hyemi Jeong
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seegene Medical Foundation, Seoul 04805, Republic of Korea; (D.A.); (H.J.)
| | - Jonghyun Kim
- Division of Zoonotic and Vector-Borne Disease Research, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea;
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AL-Fawares O, Alshweiat A, Al-Khresieh RO, Alzarieni KZ, Rashaid AHB. A significant antibiofilm and antimicrobial activity of chitosan-polyacrylic acid nanoparticles against pathogenic bacteria. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:101918. [PMID: 38178849 PMCID: PMC10764259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is known to exert antimicrobial activity without the need for any chemical modification; however, new derivatives of chitosan can be created to target multi-drug resistant bacteria. In this study, chitosan (CS) was cross-linked with sodium tripolyphosphate to form nanoparticles, which were then coated with polyacrylic acid (PAA). The SEM images revealed that the CS-PAA nanoparticles had spherical shapes with smooth surfaces and the size of the dried nanoparticles was approximately 222 nm. Biofilm formation was significantly inhibited by 0.5 mg/mL of CS-PAA. In-situ optical microscopy showed that CS-PAA nanoparticles inhibited the bacterial biofilm formation in Campylobacter jejuni, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli after a single treatment with 40 μg. Additionally, 20 µg of CS-PAA nanoparticles demonstrated antibacterial activity against the growth of C. jejuni, P. aeruginosa, and E. coli with notable inhibitory zones of 9, 12, and 13 mm, respectively (P < 0.01). The development of a novel and ecofriendly method for the preparation of chitosan nanoparticles through an interaction of chitosan with PAA shows promise tool to combat bacterial infections and validates effective antibacterial and antibiofilm properties against antibiotic resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- O'la AL-Fawares
- Department of Medical Laboratory Analysis, Faculty of Science, Al-Balqa Applied University, 19117 Al-salt, Jordan
| | - Areen Alshweiat
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Hashemite University, 13133 Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Rozan O. Al-Khresieh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Analysis, Faculty of Science, Al-Balqa Applied University, 19117 Al-salt, Jordan
| | - Kawthar Z. Alzarieni
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, 22110 Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ayat Hussein B. Rashaid
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, 22110 Irbid, Jordan
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Hur JI, Kim J, Kang MS, Kim HJ, Ryu S, Jeon B. Cold tolerance in Campylobacter jejuni and its impact on food safety. Food Res Int 2024; 175:113683. [PMID: 38129027 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of foodborne illnesses worldwide and is primarily transmitted to humans through contaminated poultry meat. To control this pathogen, it is critical to understand its cold tolerance because poultry products are usually distributed in the cold chain. However, there is limited information regarding how this thermotolerant, microaerophilic pathogen can survive in cold and aerobic environments in the poultry cold chain. In this study, we investigated the cold tolerance of C. jejuni by measuring the viability of 90 C. jejuni strains isolated from retail raw chicken at 4 °C under aerobic and microaerobic conditions. Despite the microaerophilic nature of C. jejuni, under aerobic conditions, C. jejuni exhibited higher viability at 4 °C and required an extended inactivation time compared to microaerobic conditions. Some strains were highly tolerant to refrigeration temperatures and exhibited increased survival at 4 °C. These cold-tolerant strains mostly belonged to multilocus sequence typing (MLST) clonal complex (CC)-21 and CC-443, indicating that cold tolerance is associated with the phylogeny of C. jejuni. Notably, cold-tolerant strains had an increased probability of illness and were more likely to cause human infections due to their extended survival on refrigerated chicken meat compared to those sensitive to cold stress. Furthermore, the majority of cold-tolerant strains exhibited elevated aerotolerance, indicating that cold tolerance is related to aerotolerance. These findings suggest that refrigeration of chicken meat under aerobic conditions may not be effective at controlling C. jejuni and that cold-tolerant C. jejuni can pose an increased risk to food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong In Hur
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinshil Kim
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Seon Kang
- Research Group of Consumer Safety, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Research Group of Consumer Safety, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sangryeol Ryu
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byeonghwa Jeon
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
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Kanaan MHG. Effect of biofilm formation in a hostile oxidative stress environment on the survival of Campylobacter jejuni recovered from poultry in Iraqi markets. Vet World 2024; 17:136-142. [PMID: 38406363 PMCID: PMC10884572 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.136-142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Campylobacter jejuni is a major contributor to bacterial enteritis, a common health problem. The resistance of this microaerophilic bacterium to oxidative stress allows it to thrive under aerobic conditions. This study aimed to investigate whether the capacity of C. jejuni to form biofilms in the presence of oxidative stress contributes to the pathogen's ability to thrive in agricultural settings as well as in chicken slaughter lines. Materials and Methods Twenty identified strains originating from chicken samples (eight from caeca contents and 12 from frozen chicken carcasses) were previously isolated and identified according to standard bacteriological protocols, followed by confirmation at the species level using multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay. Crystal violet staining was used to evaluate biofilm formation by these bacteria. Two exposure periods to gaseous ozone (1 and 2 min) were used to assess resistance to oxidative damage. Results Most of the strong biofilm-forming Campylobacter strains came from imported frozen chicken meat (25%), whereas only 10% came from caeca content. After exposure to gaseous ozone at 600 mg/h for 2 min, strong biofilm-producing strains exhibited a higher survival rate with a limited reduction of up to 3 logs, whereas negative biofilm-producing strains exhibited a limited survival rate with a reduction of 6 logs. Conclusion Based on our findings, we hypothesized that the presence of C. jejuni strains capable of forming biofilms in poultry farms and/or chicken production facilities triggers a public health alarm as this bacterium seems to be able to adapt more easily to live and thrive in hostile environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal H. G. Kanaan
- Department of Nursing, Technical Institute of Suwaria, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq
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Je HJ, Singh S, Kim DW, Hur HS, Kim AL, Seo EJ, Koo OK. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Campylobacter Species Contamination in Poultry, Meat, and Processing Environments in South Korea. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2722. [PMID: 38004735 PMCID: PMC10673067 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter spp. constitute a significant global threat as a leading cause of foodborne illnesses, with poultry meat as a prominent reservoir for these pathogens. South Korea is known for its diverse poultry consumption habits, and continuous outbreaks make it a matter of concern to perform a meta-analysis to identify the primary source of contamination. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess and compare the prevalence of Campylobacter in various poultry and meat types while also considering the importance of environmental factors in South Korea. The meta-analysis revealed that duck meat exhibited the highest prevalence of Campylobacter, with a pooled estimate of 70.46% (95% CI: 42.80% to 88.38%), followed by chicken meat at a pooled prevalence of 36.17% (95% CI: 26.44% to 47.91%). Additionally, our analysis highlighted the predominance of C. jejuni and C. coli in South Korea. These findings underscore the importance of implementing rigorous food safety measures and establishing robust surveillance programs in the poultry industry to mitigate the risk of Campylobacter-related foodborne illnesses associated with meat consumption in South Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Ji Je
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea (D.W.K.); (H.S.H.); (A.L.K.)
| | - Saloni Singh
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea (D.W.K.); (H.S.H.); (A.L.K.)
| | - Dong Woo Kim
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea (D.W.K.); (H.S.H.); (A.L.K.)
| | - Hyun Seok Hur
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea (D.W.K.); (H.S.H.); (A.L.K.)
| | - Ah Leum Kim
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea (D.W.K.); (H.S.H.); (A.L.K.)
| | - Eun Jin Seo
- Agro-Bioproduct Analysis Team, Korea Agriculture Technology Promotion Agency, Iksan 54667, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ok Kyung Koo
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea (D.W.K.); (H.S.H.); (A.L.K.)
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Peres PABM, de Melo RT, Armendaris PM, Barreto F, Perin TF, Grazziotin AL, Monteiro GP, Buiatte ABG, Mendonça EP, Lourenzatto ECA, Bicalho ASM, Filho MDV, Rossi DA. Multi-virulence of Campylobacter jejuni carried by chicken meat in Brazil. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1220579. [PMID: 37601348 PMCID: PMC10436476 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1220579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is the most frequent cause of bacterial gastroenteritis; therefore, the characteristics of its epidemiology must be continuously investigated to support possible mitigating measures. This is particularly important when evaluating representative strains from the world's leading chicken meat exporter, Brazil. We evaluated a panel of 14 virulence genes in 359 strains of C. jejuni isolated from chilled broiler carcasses in Brazil. The genes were classified into five virulence categories (B: biofilm/motility; SS: secretion/cytotoxicity system; CI: invasion/colonization; GB: Guillain-Barré; and AE: adaptation to stress). The percentage of strains with stress adaptation genes (86.07%) indicates the ability to survive in unfavorable environments; in addition, the strains showed a risk of causing infections in humans due to the frequency of the hcp gene (97.77%). Genes related to Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) in 77.44% of strains are an additional concern, which must be monitored. The gene panel showed the presence of 124 virulence profiles. Individual analyses by carcass, slaughter establishment, and municipalities in which they were located showed high index variabilities (I.Var.) of 0.82, 0.87, and 0.78, respectively. Georeferencing indicated the state of Paraná as a hotspot for virulent strains. Higher levels of isolation and multi-virulence were identified in the summer, which is hot and humid in Brazil. Together, our results showed that the studied strains are a potential danger to public health and that there is an urgent need for their surveillance and the adoption of control measures, especially in the state of Paraná.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paulo Marcel Armendaris
- Laboratório Federal de Defesa Agropecuária/RS - LFDA/RS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Barreto
- Laboratório Federal de Defesa Agropecuária/RS - LFDA/RS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Tiago Follmann Perin
- Laboratório Federal de Defesa Agropecuária/RS - LFDA/RS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ana Laura Grazziotin
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia Molecular - LEPIMOL/UFU, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marcelo de Vito Filho
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia Molecular - LEPIMOL/UFU, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daise Aparecida Rossi
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia Molecular - LEPIMOL/UFU, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Bunduruș IA, Balta I, Ștef L, Ahmadi M, Peț I, McCleery D, Corcionivoschi N. Overview of Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance in Campylobacter spp. Livestock Isolates. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020402. [PMID: 36830312 PMCID: PMC9952398 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter remains the most prevalent foodborne pathogen bacterium responsible for causing gastroenteritis worldwide. Specifically, this pathogen colonises a ubiquitous range of environments, from poultry, companion pets and livestock animals to humans. The bacterium is uniquely adaptable to various niches, leading to complicated gastroenteritis and, in some cases, difficult to treat due to elevated resistance to certain antibiotics. This increased resistance is currently detected via genomic, clinical or epidemiological studies, with the results highlighting worrying multi-drug resistant (MDR) profiles in many food and clinical isolates. The Campylobacter genome encodes a rich inventory of virulence factors offering the bacterium the ability to influence host immune defences, survive antimicrobials, form biofilms and ultimately boost its infection-inducing potential. The virulence traits responsible for inducing clinical signs are not sufficiently defined because several populations have ample virulence genes with physiological functions that reflect their pathogenicity differences as well as a complement of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) systems. Therefore, exhaustive knowledge of the virulence factors associated with Campylobacter is crucial for collecting molecular insights into the infectivity processes, which could pave the way for new therapeutical targets to combat and control the infection and mitigate the spread of MDR bacteria. This review provides an overview of the spread and prevalence of genetic determinants associated with virulence and antibiotic resistance from studies performed on livestock animals. In addition, we have investigated the relevant coincidental associations between the prevalence of the genes responsible for pathogenic virulence, horizontal gene transfer (HGT) and transmissibility of highly pathogenic Campylobacter strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia Adelina Bunduruș
- Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, University of Life Sciences King Mihai I from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Igori Balta
- Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, University of Life Sciences King Mihai I from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Lavinia Ștef
- Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, University of Life Sciences King Mihai I from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mirela Ahmadi
- Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, University of Life Sciences King Mihai I from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ioan Peț
- Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, University of Life Sciences King Mihai I from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - David McCleery
- Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, University of Life Sciences King Mihai I from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
- Bacteriology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast BT4 3SD, UK
- Correspondence: (D.M.); (N.C.)
| | - Nicolae Corcionivoschi
- Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, University of Life Sciences King Mihai I from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
- Bacteriology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast BT4 3SD, UK
- Correspondence: (D.M.); (N.C.)
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Kim J, Park M, Ahn E, Mao Q, Chen C, Ryu S, Jeon B. Stimulation of Surface Polysaccharide Production under Aerobic Conditions Confers Aerotolerance in Campylobacter jejuni. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0376122. [PMID: 36786626 PMCID: PMC10100837 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03761-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of a foodborne pathogen to tolerate environmental stress critically affects food safety by increasing the risk of pathogen survival and transmission in the food supply chain. Campylobacter jejuni, a leading bacterial cause of foodborne illnesses, is an obligate microaerophile and is sensitive to atmospheric levels of oxygen. Currently, the molecular mechanisms of how C. jejuni withstands oxygen toxicity under aerobic conditions have not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we show that when exposed to aerobic conditions, C. jejuni develops a thick layer of bacterial capsules, which in turn protect C. jejuni under aerobic conditions. The presence of both capsular polysaccharides and lipooligosaccharides is required to protect C. jejuni from excess oxygen in oxygen-rich environments by alleviating oxidative stress. Under aerobic conditions, C. jejuni undergoes substantial transcriptomic changes, particularly in the genes of carbon metabolisms involved in amino acid uptake, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (EMP) pathway despite the inability of C. jejuni to grow aerobically. Moreover, the stimulation of carbon metabolism by aerobiosis increases the level of glucose-6-phosphate, the EMP pathway intermediate required for the synthesis of surface polysaccharides. The disruption of the TCA cycle eliminates aerobiosis-mediated stimulation of surface polysaccharide production and markedly compromises aerotolerance in C. jejuni. These results in this study provide novel insights into how an oxygen-sensitive microaerophilic pathogen survives in oxygen-rich environments by adapting its metabolism and physiology. IMPORTANCE Oxygen-sensitive foodborne pathogens must withstand oxygen toxicity in aerobic environments during transmission to humans. C. jejuni is a major cause of gastroenteritis, accounting for 400 million to 500 million infection cases worldwide per year. As an obligate microaerophile, C. jejuni is sensitive to air-level oxygen. However, it has not been fully explained how this oxygen-sensitive zoonotic pathogen survives in aerobic environments and is transmitted to humans. Here, we show that under aerobic conditions, C. jejuni boosts its carbon metabolism to produce a thick layer of bacterial capsules, which in turn act as a protective barrier conferring aerotolerance. The new findings in this study improve our understanding of how oxygen-sensitive C. jejuni can survive in aerobic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshil Kim
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungseo Park
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Eunbyeol Ahn
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Qingqing Mao
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Chi Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sangryeol Ryu
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeonghwa Jeon
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Hur JI, Kim J, Ryu S, Jeon B. Phylogenetic Association and Genetic Factors in Cold Stress Tolerance in Campylobacter jejuni. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0268122. [PMID: 36314968 PMCID: PMC9769813 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02681-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a major foodborne pathogen transmitted to humans primarily via contaminated poultry meat. Since poultry meat is generally processed, distributed, and stored in the cold chain, the survival of C. jejuni at refrigeration temperatures crucially affects human exposure to C. jejuni. Here, we investigated genetic factors associated with cold stress tolerance in C. jejuni. Seventy-nine C. jejuni strains isolated from retail raw chicken exhibited different survival levels at 4°C for 21 days. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) clonal complex 21 (CC-21) and CC-443 were dominant among cold stress-tolerant strains, whereas CC-45 was common among cold stress-sensitive strains. Genome-wide average nucleotide identity (ANI) analysis identified a phylogenetic cluster associated with cold stress tolerance. Moreover, a pangenome analysis revealed 58 genes distinctively present in the cold stress-tolerant phylogenetic cluster. Among these 58 genes, cfrA, encoding the ferric enterobactin receptor involved in ion transport and metabolism, was selected for further analysis. Remarkably, the viability of a ΔcfrA mutant at 4°C was significantly decreased, while the levels of total reactive oxygen species and intracellular iron exceeded those of the wild type. Additionally, a knockout mutation of cfrA also significantly decreased the viability of three cold stress-tolerant isolates at 4°C, confirming the role of cfrA in cold stress tolerance. The results of this study demonstrate that unique phylogenetic clusters of C. jejuni associated with cold stress tolerance exist and that cfrA is a genetic factor contributing to cold stress tolerance in C. jejuni. IMPORTANCE The tolerance of foodborne pathogens to environmental stresses significantly affects food safety. Several studies have demonstrated that C. jejuni survives extended exposures to low temperatures, but the mechanisms of cold stress tolerance are not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that C. jejuni strains in certain phylogenetic groups exhibit increased tolerance to cold stress. Notably, cfrA is present in the phylogenetic cluster associated with cold stress tolerance and plays a role in the survival of C. jejuni at low temperatures by alleviating oxidative stress. This is the first study to discover phylogenetic associations involving cold stress tolerance and to identify genetic elements conferring cold stress tolerance to C. jejuni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong In Hur
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinshil Kim
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangryeol Ryu
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeonghwa Jeon
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Mousavinafchi SB, Rahimi E, Shakerian A. Campylobacter spp. isolated from poultry in Iran: Antibiotic resistance profiles, virulence genes, and molecular mechanisms. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 11:1142-1153. [PMID: 36789060 PMCID: PMC9922131 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter spp. genera is one of the most common causes of microbial enteritis worldwide. The objective of this work was to investigate the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns, virulence genes, and genetic variation of thermophilic Campylobacter species collected from chicken meat samples in Iran. A total of 255 meat specimens were taken and transferred to the laboratory. Culture methods were utilized to identify the Campylobacter genus, and PCR and sequencing were performed to confirm the organisms. Antimicrobial susceptibility evaluation was performed using broth microdilution for six antimicrobials [ciprofloxacin (CIP), nalidixic acid (NAL), sitafloxacin (SIT), erythromycin (ERY), tetracycline (TET), and gentamicin (GEN)]. By using PCR, AMR and virulence genes were detected. The detection rate of Campylobacter spp. was 64 (25.09%) out of 255 meat samples, with C. jejuni and C. coli accounting for 41 (64.06%) and 14 (21.87%), respectively. Other Campylobacter isolates accounted for 14.06% of the total (nine samples). The antibiotic susceptibility of all Campylobacter isolates was tested using six antibiotics, and all (100%) were resistant to CIP and NAL. However, TET resistance was observed in 93.9% and 83.3% of C. jejuni and C. coli isolates, respectively. Four (8.2%) C. jejuni isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR), while none of the C. coli isolates were MDR. Two of the four MDR isolates were resistant to CIP, NAL, TET, and ERY, whereas the other two isolates were resistant to CIP, NAL, TET, and GEN. The values of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) were as follows: CIP, 64-256 μg/ml; NAL, 128-512 μg/ml; TET, 2-1024 μg/ml; SIT, 0.25-1 μg/ml; ERY, 1-32 μg/ml; and GEN, 1-256 μg/ml. recR, dnaJ, cdtC, cdtB, cdtA, flaA, ciaB, cadF, and pidA were discovered in more than 50% of C. jejuni isolates, although wlaN, virbll, cgtB, and ceuE were found in <50%. flaA, cadF, pidA, and ciaB were discovered in more than 50% of the C. coli samples, whereas recR, cdtC, cdtB, cdtA, and cgtB were found in less than half. For C. coli, the percentages for wlaN, dnaJ, virbll, and ceuE were all zero. The results of this study show Campylobacter isolates obtained from poultry have higher resistance to quinolones and TET, pathogenicity potential, and varied genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Bita Mousavinafchi
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord BranchIslamic Azad UniversityShahrekordIran
| | - Ebrahim Rahimi
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord BranchIslamic Azad UniversityShahrekordIran
| | - Amir Shakerian
- Research Center of Nutrition and Organic Products, Shahrekord BranchIslamic Azad UniversityShahrekordIran
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Gharbi M, Kamoun S, Hkimi C, Ghedira K, Béjaoui A, Maaroufi A. Relationships between Virulence Genes and Antibiotic Resistance Phenotypes/Genotypes in Campylobacter spp. Isolated from Layer Hens and Eggs in the North of Tunisia: Statistical and Computational Insights. Foods 2022; 11:foods11223554. [PMID: 36429146 PMCID: PMC9689815 DOI: 10.3390/foods11223554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, Campylobacter is a significant contributor to gastroenteritis. Efficient pathogens are qualified by their virulence power, resistance to antibiotics and epidemic spread. However, the correlation between antimicrobial resistance (AR) and the pathogenicity power of pathogens is complex and poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate genes encoding virulence and AR mechanisms in 177 Campylobacter isolates collected from layer hens and eggs in Tunisia and to assess associations between AR and virulence characteristics. Virulotyping was determined by searching 13 virulence genes and AR-encoding genes were investigated by PCR and MAMA-PCR. The following genes were detected in C. jejuni and C. coli isolates: tet(O) (100%/100%), blaOXA-61 (18.82%/6.25%), and cmeB (100%/100%). All quinolone-resistant isolates harbored the Thr-86-Ile substitution in GyrA. Both the A2074C and A2075G mutations in 23S rRNA were found in all erythromycin-resistant isolates; however, the erm(B) gene was detected in 48.38% and 64.15% of the C. jejuni and C. coli isolates, respectively. The machine learning algorithm Random Forest was used to determine the association of virulence genes with AR phenotypes. This analysis showed that C. jejuni virulotypes with gene clusters encompassing the racR, ceuE, virB11, and pldA genes were strongly associated with the majority of phenotypic resistance. Our findings showed high rates of AR and virulence genes among poultry Campylobacter, which is a cause of concern to human health. In addition, the correlations of specific virulence genes with AR phenotypes were established by statistical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manel Gharbi
- Group of Bacteriology and Biotechnology Development, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Tunis 1002, Tunisia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +216-27310041
| | - Selim Kamoun
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Biomathematics and Biostatistics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Tunis 1006, Tunisia
| | - Chaima Hkimi
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Biomathematics and Biostatistics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Tunis 1006, Tunisia
| | - Kais Ghedira
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Biomathematics and Biostatistics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Tunis 1006, Tunisia
| | - Awatef Béjaoui
- Group of Bacteriology and Biotechnology Development, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Abderrazak Maaroufi
- Group of Bacteriology and Biotechnology Development, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Tunis 1002, Tunisia
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15
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Pokhrel D, Thames HT, Zhang L, Dinh TTN, Schilling W, White SB, Ramachandran R, Theradiyil Sukumaran A. Roles of Aerotolerance, Biofilm Formation, and Viable but Non-Culturable State in the Survival of Campylobacter jejuni in Poultry Processing Environments. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2165. [PMID: 36363757 PMCID: PMC9699079 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is one of the most common causes of foodborne human gastroenteritis in the developed world. This bacterium colonizes in the ceca of chickens, spreads throughout the poultry production chain, and contaminates poultry products. Despite numerous on farm intervention strategies and developments in post-harvest antimicrobial treatments, C. jejuni is frequently detected on broiler meat products. This indicates that C. jejuni is evolving over time to overcome the stresses/interventions that are present throughout poultry production and processing. The development of aerotolerance has been reported to be a major survival strategy used by C. jejuni in high oxygen environments. Recent studies have indicated that C. jejuni can enter a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state or develop biofilm in response to environmental stressors such as refrigeration and freezing stress and aerobic stress. This review provides an overview of different stressors that C. jejuni are exposed to throughout the poultry production chain and the genotypic and phenotypic survival mechanisms, with special attention to aerotolerance, biofilm formation, and development of the VBNC state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Pokhrel
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, MS 39762, USA
| | - Hudson T. Thames
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, MS 39762, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, MS 39762, USA
| | - Thu T. N. Dinh
- Tyson Foods, 2200 W. Don Tyson Parkway, Springdale, AR 72762, USA
| | - Wes Schilling
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, MS 39762, USA
| | - Shecoya B. White
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - Reshma Ramachandran
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, MS 39762, USA
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Park M, Kim J, Feinstein J, Lang KS, Ryu S, Jeon B. Development of Fluoroquinolone Resistance through Antibiotic Tolerance in Campylobacter jejuni. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0166722. [PMID: 36066254 PMCID: PMC9602944 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01667-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic tolerance not only enables bacteria to survive acute antibiotic exposures but also provides bacteria with a window of time in which to develop antibiotic resistance. The increasing prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni isolates resistant to clinically important antibiotics, particularly fluoroquinolones (FQs), is a global public health concern. Currently, little is known about antibiotic tolerance and its effects on resistance development in C. jejuni. Here, we show that exposure to ciprofloxacin or tetracycline at concentrations 10 and 100 times higher than the MIC induces antibiotic tolerance in C. jejuni, whereas gentamicin or erythromycin treatment causes cell death. Interestingly, FQ resistance rapidly develops in C. jejuni after tolerance induction by ciprofloxacin and tetracycline. Furthermore, after tolerance is induced, alkyl hydroperoxide reductase (AhpC) plays a critical role in reducing FQ resistance development by alleviating oxidative stress. Together, these results demonstrate that exposure of C. jejuni to antibiotics can induce antibiotic tolerance and that FQ-resistant (FQR) C. jejuni clones rapidly emerge after tolerance induction. This study elucidates the mechanisms underlying the high prevalence of FQR C. jejuni and provides insights into the effects of antibiotic tolerance on resistance development. IMPORTANCE Antibiotic tolerance compromises the efficacy of antibiotic treatment by extending bacterial survival and facilitating the development of mutations associated with antibiotic resistance. Despite growing public health concerns about antibiotic resistance in C. jejuni, antibiotic tolerance has not yet been investigated in this important zoonotic pathogen. Here, our results show that exposure of C. jejuni to ciprofloxacin or tetracycline leads to antibiotic tolerance development, which subsequently facilitates the emergence of FQR C. jejuni. Importantly, these antibiotics are commonly used in animal agriculture. Moreover, our study suggests that the use of non-FQ drugs in animal agriculture promotes FQ resistance development, which is crucial because antibiotic-resistant C. jejuni is primarily transmitted from animals to humans. Overall, these findings increase our understanding of the mechanisms of resistance development through the induction of antibiotic tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myungseo Park
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jinshil Kim
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jill Feinstein
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kevin S. Lang
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sangryeol Ryu
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeonghwa Jeon
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
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Nennig M, Clément A, Longueval E, Bernardi T, Ragimbeau C, Tresse O. Metaphenotypes associated with recurrent genomic lineages of Campylobacter jejuni responsible for human infections in Luxembourg. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:901192. [PMID: 36160185 PMCID: PMC9490421 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.901192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of foodborne illnesses worldwide. Although considered fragile, this microaerophilic bacterium is able to survive in various challenging environments, which subsequently constitutes multiple sources of transmission for human infection. To test the assumption of acquiring specific features for adaptation and survival, we established a workflow of phenotypic tests related to the survival and the persistence of recurrent and sporadic strains. A representative collection of 83 strains isolated over 13 years from human, mammal, poultry, and environmental sources in Luxembourg, representing different spreading patterns (endemic, epidemic, and sporadic), was screened for survival to oxidative stresses, for acclimating to aerobic conditions (AC), and for persistence on abiotic surfaces. Using the cgMLST Oxford typing scheme for WGS data, the collection was classified into genomic lineages corresponding to host-generalist strains (lineages A and D, CC ST-21), host-specific strains (lineage B, CC ST-257 and lineage C, CC ST-464) and sporadic strains. We established that when a strain survives concentrations beyond 0.25 mM superoxide stress, it is six times more likely to survive hyperoxide stress and that a highly adherent strain is 14 times more likely to develop a biofilm. Surprisingly, more than half of the strains could acclimate to AC but this capacity does not explain the difference between recurrent genomic lineages and sporadic strains and the survival to oxidative stresses, while recurrent strains have a significantly higher adhesion/biofilm formation capacity than sporadic ones. From this work, the genomic lineages with more stable genomes could be characterized by a specific combination of phenotypes, called metaphenotypes. From the functional genomic analyses, the presence of a potentially functional T6SS in the strains of lineage D might explain the propensity of these strains to be strong biofilm producers. Our findings support the hypothesis that phenotypical abilities contribute to the spatio-temporal adaptation and survival of stable genomic lineages. It suggests a selection of better-adapted and persistent strains in challenging stress environments, which could explain the prevalence of these lineages in human infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Nennig
- Epidemiology and Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire National de Santé, Dudelange, Luxembourg
- UMR-1280 PhAN, INRAE, Nantes, France
| | - Arnaud Clément
- BioFilm Control, Biopôle Clermont-Limagne, Saint-Beauzire, France
| | - Emmanuelle Longueval
- Epidemiology and Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire National de Santé, Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Thierry Bernardi
- BioFilm Control, Biopôle Clermont-Limagne, Saint-Beauzire, France
| | - Catherine Ragimbeau
- Epidemiology and Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire National de Santé, Dudelange, Luxembourg
- *Correspondence: Catherine Ragimbeau,
| | - Odile Tresse
- UMR-1280 PhAN, INRAE, Nantes, France
- Odile Tresse,
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Virulence Profiling, Multidrug Resistance and Molecular Mechanisms of Campylobacter Strains from Chicken Carcasses in Tunisia. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11070830. [PMID: 35884085 PMCID: PMC9312241 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11070830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance in foodborne pathogens is an emergent global health concern. The objectives of this study were to assess antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Campylobacter isolates from chicken carcasses and to investigate the AMR molecular mechanisms as well as the presence of virulence determinants. The study was performed on 257 samples collected from abattoirs and retail shops in northeastern Tunisia. Forty-eight Campylobacter isolates were recovered and identified as C. jejuni (n = 33) and C. coli (n = 15). Antibiotic resistance was tested against eight antibiotics and high resistance rates were observed against tetracycline (100%), erythromycin (97.9%), ciprofloxacin (73%), nalidixic acid (85.4%), ampicillin (83.3%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (22.9%), chloramphenicol (75%), and gentamicin (27.1%). All isolates were multidrug-resistant, and 22 resistance patterns were found. All isolates were screened for AMR genes (tet(O), tet(A), tet(B), tet(L), cmeB, ermB, blaOXA-61, and aphA-3), and for point mutations in gyrA (C257T substitution) and 23SrRNA (A2075G/A2074C) genes. All screened AMR genes, as well as the C257T and the A2075G mutations, were detected. The virulence genotypes were also determined, and all isolates carried the motility (flaA) and invasion (cadF) genes. Most of them also harbored the cdtA, cdtB, and cdtC genes, encoding the Campylobacter toxin. The screening of the cgtB and the wlaN genes, involved in Guillain-Barré Syndrome expression, revealed the presence of the cgtB in 21.2% of C. jejuni strains, whereas none of them carried the wlaN gene. Our findings highlight the emergence of Campylobacter strains simultaneously harboring several virulence and AMR determinants, which emphasizes the risk of transmission of MDR strains to humans via the food chain. Hence, controlling the dissemination of foodborne pathogens “from the farm to the fork” as well as restricting the use of antimicrobials in husbandry are mandatory to prevent the risk for consumers and to mitigate the dissemination of MDR pathogens.
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Wang X, Zhuo Q, Hong Y, Wu Y, Gu Q, Yuan D, Dong Q, Shao J. Correlation between Multilocus Sequence Typing and Antibiotic Resistance, Virulence Potential of Campylobacter jejuni Isolates from Poultry Meat. Foods 2022; 11:foods11121768. [PMID: 35741967 PMCID: PMC9222796 DOI: 10.3390/foods11121768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a major foodborne pathogen and can be transmitted to human beings via the consumption of poultry products. This study aimed to determine antibiotic resistance and virulence potential of one hundred C. jejuni isolates from poultry meat and to explore the correlation between them and the multilocus sequence types (MLST). A total of 29 STs and 13 CCs were identified by MLST, of which 8 STs were first identified. The dominant ST was ST583 (21%), followed by ST42 (15%), ST61 (12%), and ST2276 (10%). Eighty-eight isolates showed resistance to at least one antibiotic. The resistance rate to fluoroquinolones was the highest (81%), followed by tetracycline (59%), whereas all the isolates were susceptible to erythromycin and telithromycin. Multi-antibiotic resistance was detected in 18 C. jejuni isolates. Great variability in the adhesion and invasion ability to Caco-2 cells was observed for the 100 isolates, with adhesion rates varying between 0.02% and 28.48%, and invasion rates varied from 0 to 6.26%. A correlation between STs and antibiotic resistance or virulence was observed. The ST61 isolates were significantly sensitive to CIP, while the TET resistance was significantly associated with ST354 and ST6175 complex. ST11326 showed substantially higher resistance to gentamicin and higher adhesion and invasion abilities to Caco-2 cells. The results helped improve our understanding of the potential hazard of different genotypes C. jejuni and provided critical information for the risk assessment of campylobacteriosis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (X.W.); (Q.Z.); (Y.H.); (Q.D.)
| | - Qiyun Zhuo
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (X.W.); (Q.Z.); (Y.H.); (Q.D.)
| | - Yi Hong
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (X.W.); (Q.Z.); (Y.H.); (Q.D.)
| | - Yufan Wu
- Centre of Analysis and Test, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Technology Center of Zhangjiagang Customs, Suzhou 215600, China; (Q.G.); (D.Y.)
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (J.S.); Tel.: +86-21-64252849 (Y.W.); +86-512-56302785 (J.S.)
| | - Qiang Gu
- Technology Center of Zhangjiagang Customs, Suzhou 215600, China; (Q.G.); (D.Y.)
| | - Dawei Yuan
- Technology Center of Zhangjiagang Customs, Suzhou 215600, China; (Q.G.); (D.Y.)
| | - Qingli Dong
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (X.W.); (Q.Z.); (Y.H.); (Q.D.)
| | - Jingdong Shao
- Technology Center of Zhangjiagang Customs, Suzhou 215600, China; (Q.G.); (D.Y.)
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (J.S.); Tel.: +86-21-64252849 (Y.W.); +86-512-56302785 (J.S.)
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Wang T, Zhao W, Li S, Yao H, Zhang Q, Yang L. Characterization of erm(B)-carrying Campylobacter spp. of retail chicken meat origin. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2022; 30:173-177. [PMID: 35660664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2022.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The erm(B) gene in Campylobacter, conferring resistance to macrolides, poses a great concern worldwide. In this study, the prevalence of erm(B) in Campylobacter of retail chicken meat origin was investigated and the characterization of erm(B)-harboring Campylobacter isolates was also analyzed. METHODS The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed to determine the susceptibility of Campylobacter isolates. Whole genome sequencing and analysis were used to characterize ST type and genetic context of erm(B). Natural transformation was conducted to evaluate transferability of the erm(B) gene. RESULTS A total of 16 (11.8%) Campylobacter isolates were obtained from 136 samples collected from retail chicken meat, among which 5 erm(B)-positive isolates were identified as C. coli belonging to ST3753 (n=4) and ST825 (n=1). Furthermore, a total of 22 Campylobacter spp. were erm(B)-positive in GenBank database, all except one C. jejuni isolate were collected in China. Diverse ST types were involved in these erm(B)-carrying isolates. Comparison analysis indicated that 11 types for genetic environment of erm(B) were identified, mostly associated with multidrug-resistance genomic islands (MDRGIs). The genetic context of erm(B) in C. coli of retail chicken meat origin showed highly nucleotide sequence identity to that in C. coli from human. CONCLUSION This is the first report of prevalence and characterization for erm(B) in Campylobacter of retail chicken meat origin. Highly homologous of genetic context of erm(B) in C. coli isolates from retail meat and human, implying the possibility of zoonotic transmission of erm(B) in Campylobacter, which poses a great threat to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihong Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiurong Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Longhua Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Lee C, Kim H, Ryu S. Bacteriophage and endolysin engineering for biocontrol of food pathogens/pathogens in the food: recent advances and future trends. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:8919-8938. [PMID: 35400249 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2059442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in modern technologies, various foodborne outbreaks have continuously threatened the food safety. The overuse of and abuse/misuse of antibiotics have escalated this threat due to the prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens. Therefore, the development of new methodologies for controlling microbial contamination is extremely important to ensure the food safety. As an alternative to antibiotics, bacteriophages(phages) and derived endolysins have been proposed as novel, effective, and safe antimicrobial agents and applied for the prevention and/or eradication of bacterial contaminants even in foods and food processing facilities. In this review, we describe recent genetic and protein engineering tools for phages and endolysins. The major aim of engineering is to overcome limitations such as a narrow host range, low antimicrobial activity, and low stability of phages and endolysins. Phage engineering also aims to deter the emergence of phage resistance. In the case of endolysin engineering, enhanced antibacterial ability against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria is another important goal. Here, we summarize the successful studies of phages and endolysins treatment in different types of food. Moreover, this review highlights the recent advances in engineering techniques for phages and endolysins, discusses existing challenges, and suggests technical opportunities for further development, especially in terms of antimicrobial agents in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanyoung Lee
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongsoon Kim
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangryeol Ryu
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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22
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Lynch CT, Buttimer C, Epping L, O'Connor J, Walsh N, McCarthy C, O'Brien D, Vaughan C, Semmler T, Bolton D, Coffey A, Lucey B. Phenotypic and genetic analyses of two Campylobacter fetus isolates from a patient with relapsed prosthetic valve endocarditis. Pathog Dis 2021; 79:6486444. [PMID: 34962980 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftab055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter fetus can cause intestinal and systemic disease in humans and are well established veterinary and economic pathogens. We report the complete genomic sequences of two C. fetus subsp. fetus (Cff) isolates recovered in 2017 (CITCf01) and 2018 (CITCf02) from a case of recurrent prosthetic valve endocarditis. Both were capable of growth aerobically. Their genomes were found to be highly conserved and syntenic with 99.97% average nucleotide identity (ANI) while differences in their respective sap loci defined the temporal separation of their genomes. Based on core genome phylogeny and ANI of 83 Cff genomes belonging to the previously described human-associated Cff lineage, CITCf01 and CITCf02 grouped in a clade of eleven sequence type (ST)3 Cff (including the Cff type strain NCTC 10842T). CITCf01 and CITCf02 were marked for their lack of unique genomic features when compared to isolates within the subspecies and the type strain in particular. We identified point mutations in oxidative stress response genes, among others, that may contribute to aerobiosis. We report a case of Cff causing relapsed prosthetic valve endocarditis and we highlight the sap island as a polymorphic site within the genetically stable ST3 lineage, central to pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caoimhe T Lynch
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Rossa Ave, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland
| | - Colin Buttimer
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Lennard Epping
- Genome Sequencing and Genomic Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, Berlin, Germany
| | - James O'Connor
- Department of Microbiology, Grenville Place, Mercy University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Niamh Walsh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Rossa Ave, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland
| | - Conor McCarthy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Rossa Ave, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland
| | - Deirdre O'Brien
- Department of Microbiology, Grenville Place, Mercy University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Carl Vaughan
- Department of Cardiology, Grenville Place, Mercy University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Torsten Semmler
- Genome Sequencing and Genomic Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, Berlin, Germany
| | - Declan Bolton
- Food Safety Department, Teagasc Ashtown Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland
| | - Aidan Coffey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Rossa Ave, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Brigid Lucey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Rossa Ave, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland
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Genomic Characterization of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Thermophilic Campylobacter Strains Isolated from Layer Chicken Feces in Gangneung, South Korea by Whole-Genome Sequencing. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12081131. [PMID: 34440305 PMCID: PMC8391547 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermophilic Campylobacter species of poultry origin have been associated with up to 80% of human campylobacteriosis cases. Layer chickens have received less attention as possible reservoirs of Campylobacter species. Initially, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of two archived Campylobacter isolates (Campylobacter jejuni strain 200605 and Campylobacter coli strain 200606) from layer chickens to five antimicrobials (ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, erythromycin, tetracycline, and gentamicin) were determined using broth microdilution while the presence of selected antimicrobial resistance genes was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed by the Illumina HiSeq X platform. The analysis involved antimicrobial resistance genes, virulome, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and phylogeny. Both isolates were phenotypically resistant to ciprofloxacin (MIC: 32 vs. 32 µg/mL), nalidixic acid (MIC: 128 vs. 64 µg/mL), and tetracycline (MIC: 64 vs. 64 µg/mL), but sensitive to erythromycin (MIC: 1 vs. 2 µg/mL) and gentamicin (MIC: 0.25 vs. 1 µg/mL) for C. jejuni strain 200605 and C. coli strain 200606, respectively. WGS confirmed C257T mutation in the gyrA gene and the presence of cmeABC complex conferring resistance to FQs in both strains. Both strains also exhibited tet(O) genes associated with tetracycline resistance. Various virulence genes associated with motility, chemotaxis, and capsule formation were found in both isolates. However, the analysis of virulence genes showed that C. jejuni strain 200605 is more virulent than C. coli strain 200606. The MLST showed that C. jejuni strain 200605 belongs to sequence type ST-5229 while C. coli strain 200606 belongs to ST-5935, and both STs are less common. The phylogenetic analysis clustered C. jejuni strain 200605 along with other strains reported in Korea (CP028933 from chicken and CP014344 from human) while C. coli strain 200606 formed a separate cluster with C. coli (CP007181) from turkey. The WGS confirmed FQ-resistance in both strains and showed potential virulence of both strains. Further studies are recommended to understand the reasons behind the regional distribution (Korea, China, and Vietnam) of such rare STs.
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The worldwide trend of Campylobacter spp., infection from duck-related isolates and associated phenotypic and genotypic antibiotic resistance, since 1985: identifying opportunities and challenges for prevention and control. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101213. [PMID: 34237548 PMCID: PMC8267597 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter, a leading cause of foodborne diseases, is well recognized worldwide. Poultry and poultry products are considered as major sites for Campylobacter infection in humans. The extensive uses of antibiotics mostly as growth promoters and for therapeutic purposes have led to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of foodborne pathogens including Campylobacter. A key tenet of this paper is the need for reviewing the previous studies conducted around the globe on the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter spp. isolates in duck to better understand the sources and trends of infection. Based on published data, the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in duck and duck-related samples ranged from 0% to 100% and was largely influenced by the isolation method. Among Campylobacter spp., C. jejuni was the predominant cause of campylobacteriosis, followed by C. coli. Campylobacter spp. from ducks were mostly resistant to fluoroquinolones and tetracycline and a lesser extent to gentamicin, chloramphenicol, and erythromycin. Some studies showed that ducks may pose a risk for acquiring campylobacteriosis because they had genotypes quite similar to human isolates detected previously. A continued monitoring approach is needed, at national and international levels, with enhanced surveillance and reporting of trends, as well as harmonization of surveillance systems toward a one-health approach to monitoring antimicrobial resistance in animal production particularly if increased resistance rates are being demonstrated.
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Gahamanyi N, Song DG, Yoon KY, Mboera LEG, Matee MI, Mutangana D, Amachawadi RG, Komba EVG, Pan CH. Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles, Virulence Genes, and Genetic Diversity of Thermophilic Campylobacter Species Isolated From a Layer Poultry Farm in Korea. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:622275. [PMID: 33859624 PMCID: PMC8043113 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.622275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermophilic Campylobacter species are among the major etiologies of bacterial enteritis globally. This study aimed at assessing the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles, virulence genes, and genetic diversity of thermophilic Campylobacter species isolated from a layer poultry farm in South Korea. One hundred fifty-three chicken feces were collected from two layer poultry farms in Gangneung, South Korea. The Campylobacter species were isolated by cultural techniques, while PCR and sequencing were used for species confirmation. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing for six antimicrobials [ciprofloxacin (CIP), nalidixic acid (NAL), sitafloxacin (SIT), erythromycin (ERY), tetracycline (TET), and gentamicin (GEN)] was carried out by broth microdilution. Three AMR and nine virulence genes were screened by PCR. Genotyping was performed by flaA-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Of the 153 samples, Campylobacter spp. were detected in 55 (35.9%), with Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli being 49 (89.1%) and six (10.9%), respectively. High-level resistance was observed for CIP (100%), NAL (100%), and TET (C. jejuni, 93.9%; C. coli: 83.3%). No resistance was observed for SIT. The missense mutation (C257T) in gyrA gene was confirmed by sequencing, while the tet(O) gene was similar to known sequences in GenBank. The rate of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains was 8.2%, and they all belonged to C. jejuni. All Campylobacter isolates possessed five virulence genes (cdtB, cstII, flaA, cadF, and dnaJ), but none possessed ggt, while the rates for other genes (csrA, ciaB, and pldA) ranged between 33.3 and 95.9%. The flaA-RFLP yielded 26 flaA types (C. jejuni: 21 and C. coli: five), while the MLST showed 10 sequence types (STs) for C. jejuni and three STs for C. coli, with CC-607 (STs 3611) and CC-460 (ST-460) being predominant. Among the 10 STs of C. jejuni, three were newly assigned. The findings of this study highlight the increased resistance to quinolones and TET, the virulence potential, and the diverse genotypes among Campylobacter strains isolated from the layer poultry farm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel Gahamanyi
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, South Korea
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Dae-Geun Song
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Kye-Yoon Yoon
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Leonard E. G. Mboera
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Mecky I. Matee
- School of Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | - Raghavendra G. Amachawadi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Erick V. G. Komba
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Cheol-Ho Pan
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, South Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
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26
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Wysok B, Wojtacka J, Wiszniewska-Łaszczych A, Szteyn J. Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Properties of Campylobacter Spp. Originating from Domestic Geese in Poland. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E742. [PMID: 32344537 PMCID: PMC7222810 DOI: 10.3390/ani10040742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A total of 240 samples were evaluated for the presence of Campylobacter spp. Campylobacter was found in 83.3% of the cecum contents samples and 52.5% of the neck skin samples from carcasses. The prevailing species was C. jejuni, accounting for 87.7% of all Campylobacter isolates, and the remaining 12.3% of isolates were C. coli. All Campylobacter isolates, independent of the sample origin and species, were positive for 6 out of 15 tested genes (flaA, flhA, cadF, racR, ciaB, and cdtA genes). The prevalence of dnaJ, docA, pldA, cdtB, cdtC, and iam genes was also very common (ranging from 86.5% to 98.8%). The lowest prevalence was noted for virB11 and wlaN genes, both in Campylobacter isolates from cecum (12% and 19%) and carcasses (11.1% and 17.5%). None of the isolates tested, regardless of the sample origin, carried the cgtB gene. The highest resistance rates were observed for quinolones (90.8%) and tetracyclines (79.8%). Simultaneously, only single Campylobacter isolate was resistant to macrolides (0.6%) and none of the isolates showed resistance to aminoglycosides and amphenicols. The common presence of Campylobacter on geese carcasses as well as the detection of multidrug-resistant isolates indicate that consuming goose meat might cause a potential risk, therefore leading to human campylobacteriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Wysok
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 14, 10-917 Olsztyn, Poland; (J.W.); (A.W.-Ł.); (J.S.)
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27
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Zhong X, Wu Q, Zhang J, Ma Z, Wang J, Nie X, Ding Y, Xue L, Chen M, Wu S, Wei X, Zhang Y. Campylobacter jejuni Biofilm Formation Under Aerobic Conditions and Inhibition by ZnO Nanoparticles. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:207. [PMID: 32210924 PMCID: PMC7076088 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a major foodborne pathogen worldwide. As it forms biofilms, it can become a persistent contaminant in the food and pharmaceutical industries. In this study, it was demonstrated that C. jejuni could make more biofilm in aerobic conditions than in microaerobic conditions, and only 13.9% C. jejuni entered coccus (a VBNC state) under microaerobic conditions; however, the rate increased to 95.5% under aerobic conditions. C. jejuni could form more biofilm in mixed culture with Escherichia coli or Pseudomonas aeruginosa than in pure culture. Scanning electron microscope results showed that C. jejuni retained its normal spiral shape under aerobic conditions for 48 h by forming crosslinks with the aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria. Additionally, culture medium containing 0.5 mg/ml ZnO nanoparticles inhibited biofilm formation. Our results provide information on a new approach to controlling contamination via C. jejuni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Hong Zheng Dao (China) Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Company Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zonghao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Nie
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Moutong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianhu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youxiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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