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Schwabenland E, Jelen CJ, Weber N, Lamparter T. Photophobotaxis in the filamentous cyanobacterium Phormidium lacuna: Mechanisms and implications for photosynthesis-based light direction sensing. Photochem Photobiol 2024. [PMID: 38269403 DOI: 10.1111/php.13908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Cyanobacterium Phormidium lacuna filaments move from dark to illuminated areas by twitching motility. Time-lapse recordings demonstrated that this photophobotaxis response was based on random movements with movement reversion at the light-dark border. The filaments in the illuminated area form a biofilm attached to the surface. The wild-type and the pixJ and cphA mutants were investigated for photophobotaxis at diverse wavelengths and intensities. CphA is a cyanobacterial phytochrome; PixJ is a biliprotein with a methyl-accepting chemotaxis domain and is regarded as a phototaxis photoreceptor in other species. The cphA mutant exhibited reduced biofilm surface binding. The pixJ mutant was characterized as a negative photophobotaxis regulator and not as a light direction sensor. 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) blocks electron transfer in PS II. At concentrations of 100 and 1000 μM DCMU, photophobotaxis was inhibited to a greater extent than motility, suggesting that PSII has a role in photophobotaxis. We argue that the intracellular concentrations of regular photoreceptors, including CphA or PixJ, are too small for a filament to sense rapid light intensity changes in very weak light. Three arguments, specific inhibition by DCMU, broad spectral sensitivity, and sensitivity against weak light, support photosynthesis pigments for use as photophobotaxis sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nora Weber
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, JKIP, Karlsruhe, Germany
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2
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Reinhardt O, Ihmann S, Ahlhelm M, Gelinsky M. 3D bioprinting of mineralizing cyanobacteria as novel approach for the fabrication of living building materials. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1145177. [PMID: 37077229 PMCID: PMC10106584 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1145177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Living building materials (LBM) are gaining interest in the field of sustainable alternative construction materials to reduce the significant impact of the construction industry on global CO2 emissions. This study investigated the process of three-dimensional bioprinting to create LBM incorporating the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002, which is capable of producing calcium carbonate (CaCO3) as a biocement. Rheology and printability of biomaterial inks based on alginate-methylcellulose hydrogels containing up to 50 wt% sea sand were examined. PCC 7002 was incorporated into the bioinks and cell viability and growth was characterized by fluorescence microscopy and chlorophyll extraction after the printing process. Biomineralization was induced in liquid culture and in the bioprinted LBM and observed by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and through mechanical characterization. Cell viability in the bioprinted scaffolds was confirmed over 14 days of cultivation, demonstrating that the cells were able to withstand shear stress and pressure during the extrusion process and remain viable in the immobilized state. CaCO3 mineralization of PCC 7002 was observed in both liquid culture and bioprinted LBM. In comparison to cell-free scaffolds, LBM containing live cyanobacteria had a higher compressive strength. Therefore, bioprinted LBM containing photosynthetically active, mineralizing microorganisms could be proved to be beneficial for designing environmentally friendly construction materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Reinhardt
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephanie Ihmann
- Biologized Materials and Structures, Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS, Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias Ahlhelm
- Biologized Materials and Structures, Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Gelinsky
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- *Correspondence: Michael Gelinsky,
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3
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Knight BM, Edgar KJ, De Yoreo JJ, Dove PM. Chitosan as a Canvas for Studies of Macromolecular Controls on CaCO 3 Biological Crystallization. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:1078-1102. [PMID: 36853173 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
A mechanistic understanding of how macromolecules, typically as an organic matrix, nucleate and grow crystals to produce functional biomineral structures remains elusive. Advances in structural biology indicate that polysaccharides (e.g., chitin) and negatively charged proteoglycans (due to carboxyl, sulfate, and phosphate groups) are ubiquitous in biocrystallization settings and play greater roles than currently recognized. This review highlights studies of CaCO3 crystallization onto chitinous materials and demonstrates that a broader understanding of macromolecular controls on mineralization has not emerged. With recent advances in biopolymer chemistry, it is now possible to prepare chitosan-based hydrogels with tailored functional group compositions. By deploying these characterized compounds in hypothesis-based studies of nucleation rate, quantitative relationships between energy barrier to crystallization, macromolecule composition, and solvent structuring can be determined. This foundational knowledge will help researchers understand composition-structure-function controls on mineralization in living systems and tune the designs of new materials for advanced applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenna M Knight
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Department of Geosciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Kevin J Edgar
- Department of Sustainable Biomaterials, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - James J De Yoreo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Patricia M Dove
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Department of Geosciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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4
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Venturi S, Crognale S, Di Benedetto F, Montegrossi G, Casentini B, Amalfitano S, Baroni T, Rossetti S, Tassi F, Capecchiacci F, Vaselli O, Fazi S. Interplay between abiotic and microbial biofilm-mediated processes for travertine formation: Insights from a thermal spring (Piscine Carletti, Viterbo, Italy). GEOBIOLOGY 2022; 20:837-856. [PMID: 35942584 DOI: 10.1111/gbi.12516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Active hydrothermal travertine systems are ideal environments to investigate how abiotic and biotic processes affect mineralization mechanisms and mineral fabric formation. In this study, a biogeochemical characterization of waters, dissolved gases, and microbial mats was performed together with a mineralogical investigation on travertine encrustations occurring at the outflow channel of a thermal spring. The comprehensive model, compiled by means of TOUGHREACT computational tool from measured parameters, revealed that mineral phases were differently influenced by either abiotic conditions or microbially driven processes. Microbial mats are shaped by light availability and temperature gradient of waters flowing along the channel. Mineralogical features were homogeneous throughout the system, with euhedral calcite crystals, related to inorganic precipitation induced by CO2 degassing, and calcite shrubs associated with organomineralization processes, thus indicating an indirect microbial participation to the mineral deposition (microbially influenced calcite). The microbial activity played a role in driving calcite redissolution processes, resulting in circular pits on calcite crystal surfaces possibly related to the metabolic activity of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria found at a high relative abundance within the biofilm community. Sulfur oxidation might also explain the occurrence of gypsum crystals embedded in microbial mats, since gypsum precipitation could be induced by a local increase in sulfate concentration mediated by S-oxidizing bacteria, regardless of the overall undersaturated environmental conditions. Moreover, the absence of gypsum dissolution suggested the capability of microbial biofilm in modulating the mobility of chemical species by providing a protective envelope on gypsum crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Venturi
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources (IGG), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Florence, Italy
| | - Simona Crognale
- Water Research Institute (IRSA), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giordano Montegrossi
- Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources (IGG), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Florence, Italy
| | - Barbara Casentini
- Water Research Institute (IRSA), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Amalfitano
- Water Research Institute (IRSA), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Baroni
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Simona Rossetti
- Water Research Institute (IRSA), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Tassi
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources (IGG), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Capecchiacci
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources (IGG), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Florence, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Napoli, Osservatorio Vesuviano, Naples, Italy
| | - Orlando Vaselli
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources (IGG), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Florence, Italy
| | - Stefano Fazi
- Water Research Institute (IRSA), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
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Abstract
Exogenic deposits are an important source of rare earth elements (REEs), especially heavy REEs (HREEs). It is generally accepted that microorganisms are able to dissolve minerals and mobilize elements in supergene environments. However, little is known about the roles of microorganisms in the formation of exogenic deposits such as regolith-hosted REE deposits that are of HREE enrichment and provide over 90% of global HREE demand. In this study, we characterized the microbial community composition and diversity along a complete weathering profile drilled from a regolith-hosted REE deposit in Southeastern China and report the striking contributions of microorganisms to the enrichment of REEs and fractionation between HREEs and light REEs (LREEs). Our results provide evidence that the variations in REE contents are correlated with microbial community along the profile. Both fungi and bacteria contributed to the accumulation of REEs, whereas bacteria played a key role in the fractionation between HREEs and LREEs. Taking advantage of bacteria strains isolated from the profile, Gram-positive bacteria affiliated with Bacillus and Micrococcus preferentially adsorbed HREEs, and teichoic acids in the cell wall served as the main sites for HREE adsorption, leading to an enrichment of HREEs in the deposit. The present study provides the first database of microbial community in regolith-hosted REE deposits. These findings not only elucidate the crucial contribution of fungi and bacteria in the supergene REE mineralization but also provide insights into efficient utilization of mineral resources via a biological pathway. IMPORTANCE Understanding the role of microorganisms in the formation of regolith-hosted rare earth element (REE) deposits is beneficial for improving the metallogenic theory and deposit exploitation, given that such deposits absolutely exist in subtropical regions with strong microbial activities. Little is known of the microbial community composition and its contribution to REE mineralization in this kind of deposit. Using a combination of high-throughput sequencing, batch adsorption experiments, and spectroscopic characterization, the functional microorganisms contributing to REE enrichment and fractionation are disclosed. For bacteria, the surface carboxyl and phosphate groups are active sites for REE adsorption, while teichoic acids in the cell walls of G+ bacteria lead to REE fractionation. The above-mentioned findings not only unravel the importance of microorganisms in the formation of supergene REE deposits but also provide experimental evidence for the bioutilization of REE resources.
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Order-of-magnitude enhancement in photocurrent generation of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 by outer membrane deprivation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3067. [PMID: 35654796 PMCID: PMC9163127 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30764-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Biophotovoltaics (BPV) generates electricity from reducing equivalent(s) produced by photosynthetic organisms by exploiting a phenomenon called extracellular electron transfer (EET), where reducing equivalent(s) is transferred to external electron acceptors. Although cyanobacteria have been extensively studied for BPV because of their high photosynthetic activity and ease of handling, their low EET activity poses a limitation. Here, we show an order-of-magnitude enhancement in photocurrent generation of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 by deprivation of the outer membrane, where electrons are suggested to stem from pathway(s) downstream of photosystem I. A marked enhancement of EET activity itself is verified by rapid reduction of exogenous electron acceptor, ferricyanide. The extracellular organic substances, including reducing equivalent(s), produced by this cyanobacterium serve as respiratory substrates for other heterotrophic bacteria. These findings demonstrate that the outer membrane is a barrier that limits EET. Therefore, depriving this membrane is an effective approach to exploit the cyanobacterial reducing equivalent(s). The low extracellular electron transfer activity hampers the application of cyanobacteria in biophotovoltaics. Here, the authors report an order-of-magnitude enhancement in photocurrent generation of the cyanobacterium by deprivation of the outer cell membrane.
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Tang J, Zhou H, Yao D, Riaz S, You D, Klepacz-Smółka A, Daroch M. Comparative Genomic Analysis Revealed Distinct Molecular Components and Organization of CO 2-Concentrating Mechanism in Thermophilic Cyanobacteria. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:876272. [PMID: 35602029 PMCID: PMC9120777 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.876272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria evolved an inorganic carbon-concentrating mechanism (CCM) to perform effective oxygenic photosynthesis and prevent photorespiratory carbon losses. This process facilitates the acclimation of cyanobacteria to various habitats, particularly in CO2-limited environments. To date, there is limited information on the CCM of thermophilic cyanobacteria whose habitats limit the solubility of inorganic carbon. Here, genome-based approaches were used to identify the molecular components of CCM in 17 well-described thermophilic cyanobacteria. These cyanobacteria were from the genus Leptodesmis, Leptolyngbya, Leptothermofonsia, Thermoleptolyngbya, Thermostichus, and Thermosynechococcus. All the strains belong to β-cyanobacteria based on their β-carboxysome shell proteins with 1B form of Rubisco. The diversity in the Ci uptake systems and carboxysome composition of these thermophiles were analyzed based on their genomic information. For Ci uptake systems, two CO2 uptake systems (NDH-13 and NDH-14) and BicA for HCO3– transport were present in all the thermophilic cyanobacteria, while most strains did not have the Na+/HCO3– Sbt symporter and HCO3– transporter BCT1 were absent in four strains. As for carboxysome, the β-carboxysomal shell protein, ccmK2, was absent only in Thermoleptolyngbya strains, whereas ccmK3/K4 were absent in all Thermostichus and Thermosynechococcus strains. Besides, all Thermostichus and Thermosynechococcus strains lacked carboxysomal β-CA, ccaA, the carbonic anhydrase activity of which may be replaced by ccmM proteins as indicated by comparative domain analysis. The genomic distribution of CCM-related genes was different among the thermophiles, suggesting probably distinct expression regulation. Overall, the comparative genomic analysis revealed distinct molecular components and organization of CCM in thermophilic cyanobacteria. These findings provided insights into the CCM components of thermophilic cyanobacteria and fundamental knowledge for further research regarding photosynthetic improvement and biomass yield of thermophilic cyanobacteria with biotechnological potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huizhen Zhou
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Yao
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sadaf Riaz
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dawei You
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Anna Klepacz-Smółka
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Łódź University of Technology, Łódź, Poland
| | - Maurycy Daroch
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
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8
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Sidhu N, Goyal S, Reddy MS. Biomineralization of cyanobacteria Synechocystis pevalekii improves the durability properties of cement mortar. AMB Express 2022; 12:59. [PMID: 35587839 PMCID: PMC9120275 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-022-01403-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICCP) is considered a novel eco-friendly technique to enhance the structural properties of cementitious-based material. Maximum studies have emphasized using ureolytic bacteria to improve the durability properties of building structures. In this study, the role of photoautotrophic bacteria Synechocystis pevalekii BDHKU 35101 has been investigated for calcium carbonate precipitation in sand consolidation, and enhancing mechanical and permeability properties of cement mortar. Both live and UV-treated S. pevalekii cells were used to treat the mortar specimens, and the results were compared with the control. The compressive strength of mortar specimens was significantly enhanced by 25.54% and 15.84% with live and UV-treated S. pevalekii cells at 28-day of curing. Water absorption levels were significantly reduced in bacterial-treated mortar specimens compared to control at 7 and 28-day curing. Calcium carbonate precipitation was higher in live-treated cells than in UV-treated S. pevalekii cells. Calcium carbonate precipitation by S. pevalekii cells was confirmed with SEM-EDS, XRD, and TGA analysis. These results suggest that S. pevalekii can serve as a low-cost and environment friendly MICCP technology to improve the durability properties of cementitious materials. Cyanobacterial Synechocystis pevalekii cells induced calcification on cement mortar. Both live and UV-treated cells increased the compressive strength and reduced the water absorption. Biomineralization by S. pevalekii serves as a low-cost and eco-friendly MICCP technology.
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9
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Effect of Culture pH on Properties of Exopolymeric Substances from Synechococcus PCC7942: Implications for Carbonate Precipitation. GEOSCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/geosciences12050210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The role of culture conditions on the production of exopolymeric substances (EPS) by Synechococcus strain PCC7942 was investigated. Carbonate mineral precipitation in these EPS was assessed in forced precipitation experiments. Cultures were grown in HEPES-buffered medium and non-buffered medium. The pH of buffered medium remained constant at 7.5, but in non-buffered medium it increased to 9.5 within a day and leveled off at 10.5. The cell yield at harvest was twice as high in non-buffered medium than in buffered medium. High molecular weight (>10 kDa) and low molecular weight (3–10 kDa) fractions of EPS were obtained from both cultures. The cell-specific EPS production in buffered medium was twice as high as in non-buffered medium. EPS from non-buffered cultures contained more negatively charged macromolecules and more proteins than EPS from buffered cultures. The higher protein content at elevated pH may be due to the induction of carbon-concentrating mechanisms, necessary to perform photosynthetic carbon fixation in these conditions. Forced precipitation showed smaller calcite carbonate crystals in EPS from non-buffered medium and larger minerals in polymers from buffered medium. Vaterite formed only at low EPS concentrations. Experimental results are used to conceptually model the impact of pH on the potential of cyanobacterial blooms to produce minerals. We hypothesize that in freshwater systems, small crystal production may benefit the picoplankton by minimizing the mineral ballast, and thus prolonging the residence time in the photic zone, which might result in slow sinking rates.
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Lin JY, Tan SI, Yi YC, Hsiang CC, Chang CH, Chen CY, Chang JS, Ng IS. High-level production and extraction of C-phycocyanin from cyanobacteria Synechococcus sp. PCC7002 for antioxidation, antibacterial and lead adsorption. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 206:112283. [PMID: 34699757 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Global warming and climate change because carbon dioxide (CO2) release to atmosphere is the forecasting challenges to human being. We are facing how to overcome the dilemma on the balance between economic and environment, thus taking more efforts on green processes to meet agreement of sustainable society are urgent and crucial. The absorption of CO2 by microalgae reduces the impact of CO2 on the environment. In this study, the CO2 removal efficiency was the highest in the culture of Cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC7002 (also called blue-green algae), at 2% CO2 to reach a value of 0.86 g-CO2/g-DCW. The main product of PCC7002 is C-phycocyanin (C-PC) which regarding to phycobilisome complex in all cyanobacterial species. A 160% increasing C-PC was achieved in the cultivation under 100 μmol/m2/s light intensity, 12:12 light-period with 2% CO2 at 30 °C. The mix-culture of nitric and ammonia ions had positive effect on the cell growth and C-PC accumulation, thus realized the highest yield of 0.439 g-CPC/g-DCW. Additionally, the partial purified C-PC displayed 89% antioxidant activity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) and 11% of superoxide free radical scavenging activity, respectively. The production of C-PC from PCC7002 reduced the CO2 emission and exhibited antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and lead ion adsorption at room temperature, which has the great potential for eco-friendly application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yi Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Shih-I Tan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chen Yi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Chieh Hsiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsiang Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yen Chen
- University Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan; Research Center for Energy Technology and Strategy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - I-Son Ng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
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Águila B, Yanez-Montalvo A, Mercado-Juárez RA, Montejano GA, Becerra-Absalón I, Falcón LI. Microbialites show a distinct cyanobacterial phylogenetic structure and functional redundancy in Bacalar lagoon and Cenote Azul sinkhole, Yucatan peninsula, Mexico. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2022; 98:6564597. [PMID: 35388893 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiac039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacterial components of microbialites from two geographically close systems, the Bacalar lagoon (BL) and the Cenote Azul sinkhole (CA) in Quintana Roo, Mexico, were characterized. BL and CA systems were studied along a longitudinal gradient (north to south) and a depth gradient (5 to 30 m), respectively. Microscopic observations, 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, and shotgun metagenomics were used to characterize Cyanobacteria. Both systems showed similar metabolic/functional profiles but harbored completely different cyanobacterial taxa. BL was dominated by Nostocales, including a population of previously undescribed Chakia sp., while CA was dominated by an unknown taxon of Chroococcales, comprising 70% of relative abundance through all depths. Interestingly, cyanobacterial assemblages in microbialites exhibited phylogenetic overdispersion in most of the BL sites, while CA sites exhibited phylogenetic clustering, these differences were attributed to depth/light conditions and possibly different times of geological formation for BL and CA systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Águila
- Instituto de Ecología, UNAM Campus Yucatán, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Yucatán, 97302, México.,Instituto de Ecología, UNAM, Coyoacán, CdMx 04510, México.,Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Edificio A, 1° Piso, Circuito de Posgrados CU, Coyoacán, CdMx 04510, México
| | - A Yanez-Montalvo
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur Unidad Chetumal, Av. Centenario Km. 5.5, Chetumal, Quintana Roo, 77014, México
| | - R A Mercado-Juárez
- Instituto de Ecología, UNAM Campus Yucatán, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Yucatán, 97302, México.,Instituto de Ecología, UNAM, Coyoacán, CdMx 04510, México.,Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Edificio A, 1° Piso, Circuito de Posgrados CU, Coyoacán, CdMx 04510, México
| | - G A Montejano
- UNAM, Laboratorio de Ficología, Facultad de Ciencias, Av. Universidad 3000, CdMx 04510, México
| | - I Becerra-Absalón
- UNAM, Laboratorio de Ficología, Facultad de Ciencias, Av. Universidad 3000, CdMx 04510, México
| | - L I Falcón
- Instituto de Ecología, UNAM Campus Yucatán, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Yucatán, 97302, México.,Instituto de Ecología, UNAM, Coyoacán, CdMx 04510, México
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12
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Alibrahim A, Dittrich M. Examining the Ability of Aerobic Halophilic Heterotrophic Microbial Consortia to Replace Ca by Mg in Different CaCO 3 Precursors. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:791286. [PMID: 35387073 PMCID: PMC8977737 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.791286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent laboratory experiments have exhibited microbes as promising agents in solving the perplexing origin of ancient dolomite by demonstrating microbial capability to mediate dolomite nucleation and growth. However, dolomite crystals from laboratory experiments have shown irrelevant characteristics to ancient dolomite from mineralogical and petrological perspectives. A major irrelevant characteristic is that ancient dolomite was assumed to be formed after the replacement of Ca by Mg in precursor CaCO3 in a process known as diagenesis, which contrasts with the primary precipitation process observed in laboratory culturing experiments. Considering dolomite microbial experiments, one can imply the involvement of microbes in the formation of ancient dolomite, as microbes have shown the ability to overcome the dolomite kinetic barrier. Despite that fact, the ability of microbes in mediating dolomite diagenesis has not been investigated. In this study, microbes were applied to mediate replacement of Ca by Mg in different CaCO3 precursors. The microbial replacement experiments were based on the enrichment of aerobic halophilic heterotrophic microbial consortia sampled from sediments collected from Al-Subiya sabkha in Kuwait. Two experiments were performed in saturated media at 35°C for 14 and 30 days simulating the conditions of microbial dolomite experiments. The change in mineralogy was examined via powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the change in texture and compositional microstructures was examined using scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The effect of microbes on the alteration of CaCO3 precursors was studied by comparing biotic experimentations with abiotic controls. The biotic samples were shown to result in the favorable conditions for dolomite formation including an increase in pH and alkalinity, but no changes were observed in mineralogy or compositional microstructure of CaCO3 precursors. Our results suggest the inability of aerobic halophilic heterotrophic microbial consortia to introduce Mg replacement on CaCO3 precursors in a timely manner that is comparable to primary precipitation in microbial dolomite experiments. The inability of the enriched microbial consortia to mediate replacement can be ascribed to different factors controlling the diagenetic process compared to primary precipitation in microbial dolomite experiments.
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A Review on the Performance Evaluation of Autonomous Self-Healing Bacterial Concrete: Mechanisms, Strength, Durability, and Microstructural Properties. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs6010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The development of cracks, owing to a relatively lower tensile strength of concrete, diverse loading, and environmental factors driving the deterioration of structures, is an inescapable key concern for engineers. Reparation and maintenance operations are thus extremely important to prevent cracks from spreading and mitigating the lifetime of structures. However, ease of access to the cracked zone may be challenging, and it also needs funds and manual power. Hence, autonomous sealing of cracks employing microorganisms into the concrete sans manual intervention is a promising solution to the dilemma of the sustainable improvement of concrete. ‘Ureolytic bacteria’, key organism species in rumen-producing ‘urease’ enzymes such as Bacillus pasteurii or subtilis—when induced—are capable of producing calcium carbonate precipitations into the concrete. As their cell wall is anionic, CaCO3 accumulation on their surface is extensive, and the whole cell, therefore, becomes crystalline and ultimately plugs pores and cracks. This natural induction technique is an environmentally friendly method that researchers are studying intensively. This manuscript reviews the application process of bacterial healing to manufacture autonomous self-healing bacterial concrete. Additionally, it provides a brief review of diverse attributes of this novel concrete which demonstrate the variations with the auto-addition of different bacteria, along with an evaluation of crack healing as a result of the addition of these bacteria directly into concrete or after encapsulation in a protective shell. Comparative assessment techniques for autonomous, bio-based self-healing are also discussed, accompanied by progress, potential, modes of application of this technique, and its resultant benefits in the context of strength and durability. Imperatives for quantitative sustainability assessment and industrial adoption are identified, along with the sealing of artificially cracked cement mortar with sand as a filling material in given spaces, as well as urea and CaCl2 medium treatment with Bacillus pasteurii and Sporosarcina bacteria. The assessment of the impact on the compressive strength and rigidity of cement mortar cubes after the addition of bacteria into the mix is also considered. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images on the function of bacteria in mineral precipitation that is microbiologically induced are also reviewed. Lastly, future research scope and present gaps are recognised and discussed.
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Moroz TN, Palchik NA, Zhmodik SM, Ponomarchuk VA, Goryainov SV. Crystal-Chemical Features of Apatite in Carbonatites of the Tomtor Deposit (The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Russia): X-Ray Diffraction and Vibrational Spectroscopy Data. CRYSTALLOGR REP+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1063774521060225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Oren N, Timm S, Frank M, Mantovani O, Murik O, Hagemann M. Red/far-red light signals regulate the activity of the carbon-concentrating mechanism in cyanobacteria. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/34/eabg0435. [PMID: 34407941 PMCID: PMC8373116 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg0435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Desiccation-tolerant cyanobacteria can survive frequent hydration/dehydration cycles likely affecting inorganic carbon (Ci) levels. It was recently shown that red/far-red light serves as signal-preparing cells toward dehydration. Here, the effects of desiccation on Ci assimilation by Leptolyngbya ohadii isolated from Israel's Negev desert were investigated. Metabolomic investigations indicated a decline in ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase carboxylation activity, and this was accelerated by far-red light. Far-red light negatively affected the Ci affinity of L. ohadii during desiccation and in liquid cultures. Similar effects were evident in the non-desiccation-tolerant cyanobacterium Synechocystis The Synechocystis Δcph1 mutant lacking the major phytochrome exhibited reduced photosynthetic Ci affinity when exposed to far-red light, whereas the mutant ΔsbtB lacking a Ci uptake inhibitory protein lost the far-red light inhibition. Collectively, these results suggest that red/far-red light perception likely via phytochromes regulates Ci uptake by cyanobacteria and that this mechanism contributes to desiccation tolerance in strains such as L. ohadii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadav Oren
- Plant Physiology Department, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3, D-18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Stefan Timm
- Plant Physiology Department, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Marcus Frank
- Medical Biology and Electron Microscopy Centre, Medical Faculty, University of Rostock, Strempelstr. 14, 18057 Rostock, Germany
- Department of Life, Light, and Matter, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 25, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Oliver Mantovani
- Plant Physiology Department, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Omer Murik
- Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, 9103102 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Martin Hagemann
- Plant Physiology Department, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
- Department of Life, Light, and Matter, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 25, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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Moroz TN, Edwards HGM, Zhmodik SM. Detection of carbonate, phosphate minerals and cyanobacteria in rock from the Tomtor deposit, Russia, by Raman spectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 250:119372. [PMID: 33422877 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Samples of rock from the Tomtor Nb - REE (rare-earth elements) deposit (Russia) have been investigated by Raman micro-spectroscopy using visible 532 nm wavelength excitation. Raman spectra of different samples of this rock confirm their composition as calcites and other carbonates such as rhodochrosite, and mixed solid solution phases (Ca, Mn, Fe, Mg, Ba, Sr, REE)(CO3). An association between cyanobacteria and the apatite crystals has been noted Cyanobacteria exhibited Raman modes at 1520-1517 cm-1 located in the double bonds of the central part of the polyene chain of carotenoids. A slight shift of this mode in the apatite-containing samples are dependent upon the compositions of carotenoids, the ratio of the rare earth elements adsorbed by cyanobacteria as well as their interaction with the environment. Laser-induced photoluminescence of REE and Mn+2, obtained as an analytical artifact in the Raman spectra, has been observed in most cases with significant spectral intensity. The luminescence emission of Mn 2+, Sm3+, Eu 3+, Pr3+, Ho3+, Er 3+ in the spectra of the apatite-containing samples obtained with 532 nm excitation can be attributed both to apatite and to other mineral phases with a low concentration which contain these elemental ions. The results obtained in this study allowed us to confirm that the biogenic presence of the cyanobacterial mat had a significant impact on the formation of the unique Nb-REE Tomtor deposit.
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Affiliation(s)
- T N Moroz
- Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - H G M Edwards
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom.
| | - S M Zhmodik
- Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Waterworth SC, Isemonger EW, Rees ER, Dorrington RA, Kwan JC. Conserved bacterial genomes from two geographically isolated peritidal stromatolite formations shed light on potential functional guilds. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2021; 13:126-137. [PMID: 33369160 PMCID: PMC8408775 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Stromatolites are complex microbial mats that form lithified layers. Fossilized stromatolites are the oldest evidence of cellular life on Earth, dating back over 3.4 billion years. Modern stromatolites are relatively rare but may provide clues about the function and evolution of their ancient counterparts. In this study, we focus on peritidal stromatolites occurring at Cape Recife and Schoenmakerskop on the southeastern South African coastline, the former being morphologically and structurally similar to fossilized phosphatic stromatolites formations. Using assembled shotgun metagenomic analysis, we obtained 183 genomic bins, of which the most dominant taxa were from the Cyanobacteria phylum. We identified functional gene sets in genomic bins conserved across two geographically isolated stromatolite formations, which included relatively high copy numbers of genes involved in the reduction of nitrates and phosphatic compounds. Additionally, we found little evidence of Archaeal species in these stromatolites, suggesting that they may not play an important role in peritidal stromatolite formations, as proposed for hypersaline formations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha C. Waterworth
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Eric W. Isemonger
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Evan R. Rees
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Rosemary A. Dorrington
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Jason C. Kwan
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
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18
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Cyanobacterial Mats in Calcite-Precipitating Serpentinite-Hosted Alkaline Springs of the Voltri Massif, Italy. Microorganisms 2020; 9:microorganisms9010062. [PMID: 33383678 PMCID: PMC7824716 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Microbial communities in terrestrial, calcifying high-alkaline springs are not well understood. In this study, we investigate the structure and composition of microbial mats in ultrabasic (pH 10–12) serpentinite springs of the Voltri Massif (Italy). (2) Methods: Along with analysis of chemical and mineralogical parameters, environmental DNA was extracted and subjected to analysis of microbial communities based upon next-generation sequencing. (3) Results: Mineral precipitation and microbialite formation occurred, along with mat formation. Analysis of the serpentinite spring microbial community, based on Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA amplicons, point to the relevance of alkaliphilic cyanobacteria, colonizing carbonate buildups. Cyanobacterial groups accounted for up to 45% of all retrieved sequences; 3–4 taxa were dominant, belonging to the filamentous groups of Leptolyngbyaceae, Oscillatoriales, and Pseudanabaenaceae. The cyanobacterial community found at these sites is clearly distinct from creek water sediment, highlighting their specific adaptation to these environments.
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Popall RM, Bolhuis H, Muyzer G, Sánchez-Román M. Stromatolites as Biosignatures of Atmospheric Oxygenation: Carbonate Biomineralization and UV-C Resilience in a Geitlerinema sp. - Dominated Culture. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:948. [PMID: 32508777 PMCID: PMC7248245 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern stromatolites are key to the record of past microbial activity preserved in fossil carbonate deposits. Mono-phototrophic cultures dominated by the cyanobacterium Geitlerinema sp. were obtained from a laboratory-maintained, low magnesium-calcite stromatolite originating from Lagoa Vermelha, Brazil. This lagoonal system has been described as a Precambrian analog, illustrating a period of photosynthetically induced atmospheric oxygenation, which created a global sanctuary from shortwave solar radiation and enabled the evolution of modern life on Earth. The enrichment cultures precipitate carbonates in minimal media, suggesting that cyanobacterial photosynthesis and extracellular polymeric substance production may be crucial in the mineralization of the studied stromatolite. We further show that Geitlerinema sp. can build and maintain filamentous mats under long-term UV-C exposure. Our results suggest that present day stromatolites dominated by cyanobacteria may be interpreted as biosignatures of atmospheric oxygenation and have implications for the search for putative biological traces on Mars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabja M. Popall
- Earth Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Henk Bolhuis
- Marine Microbiology & Biogeochemistry Department, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Utrecht University, Den Hoorn, Netherlands
| | - Gerard Muyzer
- Microbial Systems Ecology, Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mónica Sánchez-Román
- Earth Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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20
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Kamennaya NA, Hu P, Jansson C. Sedimentation of ballasted cells-free EPS in meromictic Fayetteville Green Lake. GEOBIOLOGY 2020; 18:80-92. [PMID: 31682076 DOI: 10.1111/gbi.12366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fayetteville Green Lake (FGL) is a recognized, extensively studied present-day model of the stratified Proterozoic ocean. Nonetheless, biomass sedimentation in FGL remains hard to explain: while virtually all sediment pigments belong to photosynthetic sulfur bacteria from a chemocline, the isotopic carbon signature of the bulk organic matter suggests its epilimnetic phytoplankton origin. To explain the epilimnetic origin of sedimented carbon, we studied the dominant Synechococci, isolated from FGL. Here, we present experimental evidence that FGL Synechococci produce copious extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) especially when availability of inorganic carbon (Ci ) is high relative to availability of other macronutrients, for example phosphorus. The accumulating EPS become impregnated with calcium, magnesium, and sodium cations and are released to the environment as ballasted cell coverings. Sedimentation of these cell-free EPS can constitute the bulk of pigment-free organic material in FGL sediment. Because increased availability of Ci specifically stimulates production of EPS and the accumulated EPS adsorb cations and become ballasted, we propose the universal role of cyanobacterial EPS in biomass sedimentation in the high-Ci Paleoproterozoic ocean as well as in modern aquatic systems like FGL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina A Kamennaya
- Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ping Hu
- Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Christer Jansson
- Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA, USA
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21
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Influence of temperature, salinity and Mg 2+:Ca 2+ ratio on microbially-mediated formation of Mg-rich carbonates by Virgibacillus strains isolated from a sabkha environment. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19633. [PMID: 31873136 PMCID: PMC6928219 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56144-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated that microbes facilitate the incorporation of Mg2+ into carbonate minerals, leading to the formation of potential dolomite precursors. Most microbes that are capable of mediating Mg-rich carbonates have been isolated from evaporitic environments in which temperature and salinity are higher than those of average marine environments. However, how such physicochemical factors affect and concur with microbial activity influencing mineral precipitation remains poorly constrained. Here, we report the results of laboratory precipitation experiments using two mineral-forming Virgibacillus strains and one non-mineral-forming strain of Bacillus licheniformis, all isolated from the Dohat Faishakh sabkha in Qatar. They were grown under different combinations of temperature (20°, 30°, 40 °C), salinity (3.5, 7.5, 10 NaCl %w/v), and Mg2+:Ca2+ ratios (1:1, 6:1 and 12:1). Our results show that the incorporation of Mg2+ into the carbonate minerals is significantly affected by all of the three tested factors. With a Mg2+:Ca2+ ratio of 1, no Mg-rich carbonates formed during the experiments. With a Mg2+:Ca2+ ratios of 6 and 12, multivariate analysis indicates that temperature has the highest impact followed by salinity and Mg2+:Ca2+ ratio. The outcome of this study suggests that warm and saline environments are particularly favourable for microbially mediated formation of Mg-rich carbonates and provides new insight for interpreting ancient dolomite formations.
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De Wever A, Benzerara K, Coutaud M, Caumes G, Poinsot M, Skouri-Panet F, Laurent T, Duprat E, Gugger M. Evidence of high Ca uptake by cyanobacteria forming intracellular CaCO 3 and impact on their growth. GEOBIOLOGY 2019; 17:676-690. [PMID: 31347755 DOI: 10.1111/gbi.12358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Several species of cyanobacteria biomineralizing intracellular amorphous calcium carbonates (ACC) were recently discovered. However, the mechanisms involved in this biomineralization process and the determinants discriminating species forming intracellular ACC from those not forming intracellular ACC remain unknown. Recently, it was hypothesized that the intensity of Ca uptake (i.e., how much Ca was scavenged from the extracellular solution) might be a major parameter controlling the capability of a cyanobacterium to form intracellular ACC. Here, we tested this hypothesis by systematically measuring the Ca uptake by a set of 52 cyanobacterial strains cultured in the same growth medium. The results evidenced a dichotomy among cyanobacteria regarding Ca sequestration capabilities, with all strains forming intracellular ACC incorporating significantly more calcium than strains not forming ACC. Moreover, Ca provided at a concentration of 50 μM in BG-11 was shown to be limiting for the growth of some of the strains forming intracellular ACC, suggesting an overlooked quantitative role of Ca for these strains. All cyanobacteria forming intracellular ACC contained at least one gene coding for a mechanosensitive channel, which might be involved in Ca influx, as well as at least one gene coding for a Ca2+ /H+ exchanger and membrane proteins of the UPF0016 family, which might be involved in active Ca transport either from the cytosol to the extracellular solution or the cytosol toward an intracellular compartment. Overall, massive Ca sequestration may have an indirect role by allowing the formation of intracellular ACC. The latter may be beneficial to the growth of the cells as a storage of inorganic C and/or a buffer of intracellular pH. Moreover, high Ca scavenging by cyanobacteria biomineralizing intracellular ACC, a trait shared with endolithic cyanobacteria, suggests that these cyanobacteria should be considered as potentially significant geochemical reservoirs of Ca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis De Wever
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, UMR CNRS 7590, Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Karim Benzerara
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, UMR CNRS 7590, Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Margot Coutaud
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, UMR CNRS 7590, Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Géraldine Caumes
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, UMR CNRS 7590, Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Poinsot
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, UMR CNRS 7590, Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Fériel Skouri-Panet
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, UMR CNRS 7590, Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Laurent
- Collection des Cyanobactéries, Institut Pasteur, Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Elodie Duprat
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, UMR CNRS 7590, Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Muriel Gugger
- Collection des Cyanobactéries, Institut Pasteur, Paris Cedex 15, France
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Hou J, Li X, Kaczmarek MB, Chen P, Li K, Jin P, Liang Y, Daroch M. Accelerated CO₂ Hydration with Thermostable Sulfurihydrogenibium azorense Carbonic Anhydrase-Chitin Binding Domain Fusion Protein Immobilised on Chitin Support. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061494. [PMID: 30934614 PMCID: PMC6471549 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) represent a group of enzymes that catalyse important reactions of carbon dioxide hydration and dehydration, a reaction crucial to many biological processes and environmental biotechnology. In this study we successfully constructed a thermostable fusion enzyme composed of the Sulfurihydrogenibium azorense carbonic anhydrase (Saz_CA), the fastest CA discovered to date, and the chitin binding domain (ChBD) of chitinase from Bacillus circulans. Introduction of ChBD to the Saz_CA had no major impact on the effect of ions or inhibitors on the enzymatic activity. The fusion protein exhibited no negative effects up to 60 °C, whilst the fusion partner appears to protect the enzyme from negative effects of magnesium. The prepared biocatalyst appears to be thermally activated at 60 °C and could be partially purified with heat treatment. Immobilisation attempts on different kinds of chitin-based support results have shown that the fusion enzyme preferentially binds to a cheap, untreated chitin with a large crystallinity index over more processed forms of chitin. It suggests significant potential economic benefits for large-scale deployment of immobilised CA technologies such as CO2 utilisation or mineralisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Hou
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Xingkang Li
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Michal B Kaczmarek
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Pengyu Chen
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Kai Li
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Peng Jin
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Yuanmei Liang
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Maurycy Daroch
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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Zhang X, Dai M, Wang M, Qi Y. Calcified coccoid from Cambrian Miaolingian: Revealing the potential cellular structure of Epiphyton. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213695. [PMID: 30870473 PMCID: PMC6417771 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epiphyton, Renalcis, and Girvanella are ubiquitous genera of calcified cyanobacteria/algae from Early Paleozoic shallow-marine limestones. One genus, Epiphyton, is characterized by a particular dendritic outline, and extensive research has revealed the morphology of calcified remains although little information on cellular structure is known. The mass occurrence of calcified Epiphyton in microbialites from Cambrian Miaolingian, the Mianchi area of North China is preserved as black clots within thrombolites and have dendritic and spherical outlines when viewed with a petrographic microscope. These remains, visible under scanning electron microscope (SEM), also comprise spherical or rectangle capsules. These capsules are made up from external envelopes and internal calcite with numerous pits, which closely resemble modern benthic coccoid cyanobacteria. These pits are between 2 μm and 4 μm in diameter and are interpreted here to represent the remnants of degraded coccoid cells, while the calcite that surrounds these pits is interpreted as calcified thin extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). In contrast, associated capsular envelopes represent thick EPS mineralized by calcium carbonate with an admixture of Al-Mg-Fe silicates. Dendritic ‘thalli’ are typically stacked apically because of the repeated growth and calcification of these capsules. Carbon and oxygen isotope results are interpreted to indicate that both photosynthesis and heterotrophic bacterial metabolism (especially sulfate reducing bacteria) contributed to carbonate precipitation by elevated alkalinity. Epiphyton are therefore here interpreted as colonies of calcified coccoid cyanobacteria, and the carbonate-oversaturated seawater during the Cambrian was conducive to their mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyang Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingyue Dai
- School of Resources and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan, China
| | - Min Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan, China
| | - Yong’an Qi
- School of Resources and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan, China
- * E-mail:
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Maleke M, Valverde A, Vermeulen JG, Cason E, Gomez-Arias A, Moloantoa K, Coetsee-Hugo L, Swart H, van Heerden E, Castillo J. Biomineralization and Bioaccumulation of Europium by a Thermophilic Metal Resistant Bacterium. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:81. [PMID: 30761115 PMCID: PMC6363818 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rare earth metals are widely used in the production of many modern technologies. However, there is concern that supply cannot meet the growing demand in the near future. The extraction from low-grade sources such as geothermal fluids could contribute to address the increasing demand for these compounds. Here we investigated the interaction and eventual bioaccumulation of europium (Eu) by a thermophilic bacterium, Thermus scotoductus SA-01. We demonstrated that this bacterial strain can survive in high levels (up to 1 mM) of Eu, which is hundred times higher than typical concentrations found in the environment. Furthermore, Eu seems to stimulate the growth of T. scotoductus SA-01 at low (0.01-0.1 mM) concentrations. We also found, using TEM-EDX analysis, that the bacterium can accumulate Eu both intracellularly and extracellularly. FT-IR results confirmed that carbonyl and carboxyl groups were involved in the biosorption of Eu. Infrared and HR-XPS analysis demonstrated that Eu can be biomineralized by T. scotoductus SA-01 as Eu2(CO3)3. This suggests that T. scotoductus SA-01 can potentially be used for the biorecovery of rare earth metals from geothermal fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maleke Maleke
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Angel Valverde
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Jan-G Vermeulen
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Errol Cason
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Alba Gomez-Arias
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
- Institution of Groundwater Studies, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Karabelo Moloantoa
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Liza Coetsee-Hugo
- Department of Physics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Hendrik Swart
- Department of Physics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Esta van Heerden
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
- iWATER Solutions, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Julio Castillo
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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Alkaliphiles: The Emerging Biological Tools Enhancing Concrete Durability. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 172:293-342. [PMID: 31041481 DOI: 10.1007/10_2019_94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Concrete is one of the most commonly used building materials ever used. Despite it is a very important and common construction material, concrete is very sensitive to crack formation and requires repair. A variety of chemical-based techniques and materials have been developed to repair concrete cracks. Although the use of these chemical-based repair systems are the best commercially available choices, there have also been concerns related to their use. These repair agents suffer from inefficiency and unsustainability. Most of the products are expensive and susceptible to degradation, exhibit poor bonding to the cracked concrete surfaces, and are characterized by different physical properties such as thermal expansion coefficients which are different to that of concrete. Moreover, many of these repair agents contain chemicals that pose environmental and health hazards. Thus, there has been interest in developing concrete crack repair agents that are efficient, long lasting, safe, and benign to the environment and exhibit physical properties which resemble that of the concrete. The search initiated by these desires brought the use of biomineralization processes as tools in mending concrete cracks. Among biomineralization processes, microbially initiated calcite precipitation has emerged as an interesting alternative to the existing chemical-based concrete crack repairing system. Indeed, results of several studies on the use of microbial-based concrete repair agents revealed the remarkable potential of this approach in the fight against concrete deterioration. In addition to repairing existing concrete cracks, microorganisms have also been considered to make protective surface coating (biodeposition) on concrete structures and in making self-healing concrete.Even though a wide variety of microorganisms can precipitate calcite, the nature of concrete determines their applicability. One of the important factors that determine the applicability of microbes in concrete is pH. Concrete is highly alkaline in nature, and hence the microbes envisioned for this application are alkaliphilic or alkali-tolerant. This work reviews the available information on applications of microbes in concrete: repairing existing cracks, biodeposition, and self-healing. Moreover, an effort is made to discuss biomineralization processes that are relevant to extend the durability of concrete structures. Graphical Abstract.
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Effects of Phosphorus in Growth Media on Biomineralization and Cell Surface Properties of Marine Cyanobacteria Synechococcus. GEOSCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/geosciences8120471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Through geological time, cyanobacterial picoplankton have impacted the global carbon cycle by sequestrating CO2 and forming authigenic carbonate minerals. Various studies have emphasized the cyanobacterial cell envelopes as nucleation sites for calcium carbonate formation. Little is known, however, about how environmental conditions (e.g., nutrient content) trigger a cell surface and its properties and, consequently, influence biomineralization. Our study aims to understand how phosphorus (P) concentration impacts the properties of cell surfaces and cell–mineral interactions. Changes to the surface properties of marine Synechococcus strains grown under various P conditions were characterized by potentiometric titrations, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS). Biomineralization experiments were performed using cyanobacterial cells, which were grown under different P concentrations and exposed to solutions slightly oversaturated with respect to calcium carbonate. We observed the changes induced by different P conditions in the macromolecular composition of the cyanobacteria cell envelope and its consequences for biomineralization. The modified properties of cell surfaces were linked to carbonate precipitation rates and mineral morphology from biomineralization experiments. Our analysis shows that the increase of phosphoryl groups and surface charge, as well as the relative proportion of polysaccharides and proteins, can impact carbonate precipitation by picocyanobacteria.
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Kamennaya NA, Zemla M, Mahoney L, Chen L, Holman E, Holman HY, Auer M, Ajo-Franklin CM, Jansson C. High pCO 2-induced exopolysaccharide-rich ballasted aggregates of planktonic cyanobacteria could explain Paleoproterozoic carbon burial. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2116. [PMID: 29844378 PMCID: PMC5974010 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04588-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of planktonic cyanobacteria to burial of organic carbon in deep-sea sediments before the emergence of eukaryotic predators ~1.5 Ga has been considered negligible owing to the slow sinking speed of their small cells. However, global, highly positive excursion in carbon isotope values of inorganic carbonates ~2.22-2.06 Ga implies massive organic matter burial that had to be linked to oceanic cyanobacteria. Here to elucidate that link, we experiment with unicellular planktonic cyanobacteria acclimated to high partial CO2 pressure (pCO2) representative of the early Paleoproterozoic. We find that high pCO2 boosts generation of acidic extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) that adsorb Ca and Mg cations, support mineralization, and aggregate cells to form ballasted particles. The down flux of such self-assembled cyanobacterial aggregates would decouple the oxygenic photosynthesis from oxidative respiration at the ocean scale, drive export of organic matter from surface to deep ocean and sustain oxygenation of the planetary surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina A Kamennaya
- Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel.
| | - Marcin Zemla
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Sciences Division, LBNL, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Laura Mahoney
- Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Liang Chen
- Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Elizabeth Holman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Hoi-Ying Holman
- Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Manfred Auer
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Sciences Division, LBNL, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | | | - Christer Jansson
- Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- The Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O Box 999, K8-93, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
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29
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Callieri C. Synechococcus plasticity under environmental changes. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2017; 364:4582260. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnx229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Kleinteich J, Golubic S, Pessi IS, Velázquez D, Storme JY, Darchambeau F, Borges AV, Compère P, Radtke G, Lee SJ, Javaux EJ, Wilmotte A. Cyanobacterial Contribution to Travertine Deposition in the Hoyoux River System, Belgium. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2017; 74:33-53. [PMID: 28138721 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-017-0937-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Travertine deposition is a landscape-forming process, usually building a series of calcareous barriers differentiating the river flow into a series of cascades and ponds. The process of carbonate precipitation is a complex relationship between biogenic and abiotic causative agents, involving adapted microbial assemblages but also requiring high levels of carbonate saturation, spontaneous degassing of carbon dioxide and slightly alkaline pH. We have analysed calcareous crusts and water chemistry from four sampling sites along the Hoyoux River and its Triffoy tributary (Belgium) in winter, spring, summer and autumn 2014. Different surface textures of travertine deposits correlated with particular microenvironments and were influenced by the local water flow. In all microenvironments, we have identified the cyanobacterium Phormidium incrustatum (Nägeli) Gomont as the organism primarily responsible for carbonate precipitation and travertine fabric by combining morphological analysis with molecular sequencing (16S rRNA gene and ITS, the Internal Transcribed Spacer fragments), targeting both field populations and cultures to exclude opportunistic microorganisms responding favourably to culture conditions. Several closely related cyanobacterial strains were cultured; however, only one proved identical with the sequences obtained from the field population by direct PCR. This strain was the dominant primary producer in the calcareous deposits under study and in similar streams in Europe. The dominance of one organism that had a demonstrated association with carbonate precipitation presented a valuable opportunity to study its function in construction, preservation and fossilisation potential of ambient temperature travertine deposits. These relationships were examined using scanning electron microscopy and Raman microspectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kleinteich
- InBios Center for Protein Engineering, University of Liège, B-4000, Liège, Belgium.
- Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tübingen, D-72074, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Stjepko Golubic
- InBios Center for Protein Engineering, University of Liège, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
- Biological Science Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Palaeobiogeology, Palaeobotany, Palaeopalynology, Department of Geology, UR Geology B18, University of Liège, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Igor S Pessi
- InBios Center for Protein Engineering, University of Liège, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - David Velázquez
- InBios Center for Protein Engineering, University of Liège, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jean-Yves Storme
- Palaeobiogeology, Palaeobotany, Palaeopalynology, Department of Geology, UR Geology B18, University of Liège, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - François Darchambeau
- Chemical Oceanography Unit, Institut de Physique (B5), University of Liege, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Alberto V Borges
- Chemical Oceanography Unit, Institut de Physique (B5), University of Liege, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Philippe Compère
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Evolution (BEE)/Centre of Aid for Research and Education in Microscopy (CAREM), University of Liège, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Gudrun Radtke
- Hessisches Landesamt für Naturschutz, Umwelt und Geologie, Rheingaustr. 186, D-65203, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Seong-Joo Lee
- Department of Geology, Kyungpook National University, 1370 Sankyuck-dong, Daegu, 702-701, South Korea
| | - Emmanuelle J Javaux
- Palaeobiogeology, Palaeobotany, Palaeopalynology, Department of Geology, UR Geology B18, University of Liège, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Annick Wilmotte
- InBios Center for Protein Engineering, University of Liège, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
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Klanchui A, Cheevadhanarak S, Prommeenate P, Meechai A. Exploring Components of the CO 2-Concentrating Mechanism in Alkaliphilic Cyanobacteria Through Genome-Based Analysis. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2017; 15:340-350. [PMID: 28652895 PMCID: PMC5472144 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In cyanobacteria, the CO2-concentrating mechanism (CCM) is a vital biological process that provides effective photosynthetic CO2 fixation by elevating the CO2 level near the active site of Rubisco. This process enables the adaptation of cyanobacteria to various habitats, particularly in CO2-limited environments. Although CCM of freshwater and marine cyanobacteria are well studied, there is limited information on the CCM of cyanobacteria living under alkaline environments. Here, we aimed to explore the molecular components of CCM in 12 alkaliphilic cyanobacteria through genome-based analysis. These cyanobacteria included 6 moderate alkaliphiles; Pleurocapsa sp. PCC 7327, Synechococcus spp., Cyanobacterium spp., Spirulina subsalsa PCC 9445, and 6 strong alkaliphiles (i.e. Arthrospira spp.). The results showed that both groups belong to β-cyanobacteria based on β-carboxysome shell proteins with form 1B of Rubisco. They also contained standard genes, ccmKLMNO cluster, which is essential for β-carboxysome formation. Most strains did not have the high-affinity Na+/HCO3- symporter SbtA and the medium-affinity ATP-dependent HCO3- transporter BCT1. Specifically, all strong alkaliphiles appeared to lack BCT1. Beside the transport systems, carboxysomal β-CA, CcaA, was absent in all alkaliphiles, except for three moderate alkaliphiles: Pleurocapsa sp. PCC 7327, Cyanobacteriumstranieri PCC 7202, and Spirulina subsalsa PCC 9445. Furthermore, comparative analysis of the CCM components among freshwater, marine, and alkaliphilic β-cyanobacteria revealed that the basic molecular components of the CCM in the alkaliphilic cyanobacteria seemed to share more degrees of similarity with freshwater than marine cyanobacteria. These findings provide a relationship between the CCM components of cyanobacteria and their habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amornpan Klanchui
- Biological Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | - Supapon Cheevadhanarak
- Division of Biotechnology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| | - Peerada Prommeenate
- Biochemical Engineering and Pilot Plant Research and Development (BEC) Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency at King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| | - Asawin Meechai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
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Moreira D, Tavera R, Benzerara K, Skouri-Panet F, Couradeau E, Gérard E, Fonta CL, Novelo E, Zivanovic Y, López-García P. Description of Gloeomargarita lithophora gen. nov., sp. nov., a thylakoid-bearing, basal-branching cyanobacterium with intracellular carbonates, and proposal for Gloeomargaritales ord. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017; 67:653-658. [PMID: 27902306 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A unicellular cyanobacterium, strain Alchichica-D10, was isolated from microbialites of the alkaline Lake Alchichica, Mexico. The cells were short rods (3.9±0.6 µm in length and 1.1±0.1 µm in width) forming biofilms of intense emerald green colour. They exhibited red autofluorescence under UV light excitation. UV-visible absorption spectra revealed that they contain chlorophyll a and phycocyanin, and electron microscopy showed the presence of thylakoids. The strain grew within a temperature range of 15-30 °C. Genomic DNA G+C content was 52.2 mol%. The most remarkable feature of this species was its granular cytoplasm, due to the presence of numerous intracellular spherical granules (16-26 per cell) with an average diameter of 270 nm. These granules, easily visible under scanning electron microscopy, were composed of amorphous carbonate containing Ca, Mg, Ba and Sr. A multi-gene phylogeny based on the analysis of 59 conserved protein markers supported robustly that this strain occupies a deep position in the cyanobacterial tree. Based on its phenotypic characters and phylogenetic position, strain Alchichica-D10 is considered to represent a new genus and novel species of cyanobacteria for which the name Gloeomargarita lithophora gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Alchichica-D10 (Culture Collection of Algae and Protozoa CCAP strain 1437/1; Collections de Cyanobactéries et Microalgues Vivantes of the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris strain PMC 919.15). Furthermore, a new family, Gloeomargaritaceae, and a new order, Gloeoemargaritales, are proposed to accommodate this species under the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Moreira
- Unité d'Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, CNRS UMR 8079, Université Paris-Sud/Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Rosaluz Tavera
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Karim Benzerara
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux, et de Cosmochimie, Sorbonne Universités-UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 7590, MNHN, IRD UMR 206, Paris, France
| | - Fériel Skouri-Panet
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux, et de Cosmochimie, Sorbonne Universités-UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 7590, MNHN, IRD UMR 206, Paris, France
| | - Estelle Couradeau
- Present address: School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.,Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico.,Unité d'Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, CNRS UMR 8079, Université Paris-Sud/Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Emmanuelle Gérard
- Géobiosphère Actuelle et Primitive, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS UMR 7154, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Céline Loussert Fonta
- Nestlé Research Center, Minerals and Imaging Group, P.O Box 44, Ch-1000 Lausanne 26, VD, Switzerland
| | - Eberto Novelo
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Yvan Zivanovic
- Institut de Génétique et Microbiologie, CNRS UMR 8621, Université Paris-Sud/Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Purificación López-García
- Nestlé Research Center, Minerals and Imaging Group, P.O Box 44, Ch-1000 Lausanne 26, VD, Switzerland
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Veneranda M, Costantini I, de Vallejuelo SFO, Garcia L, García I, Castro K, Azkarate A, Madariaga JM. Study of corrosion in archaeological gilded irons by Raman imaging and a coupled scanning electron microscope-Raman system. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2016; 374:rsta.2016.0046. [PMID: 27799430 PMCID: PMC5095524 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2016.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work, analytical and chemical imaging tools have been applied to the study of a gilded spur found in the medieval necropolis of Erenozar (Bizkaia, Spain). As a first step, a lot of portable equipment has been used to study the object in a non-invasive way. The hand-held energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence equipment allowed us to characterize the artefact as a rare example of an iron matrix item decorated by means of a fire gilding technique. On the other hand, the use of a portable Raman system helped us to detect the main degradation compounds affecting the spur. Afterwards, further information was acquired in the laboratory by analysing detached fragments. The molecular images obtained using confocal Raman microscopy permitted us to characterize the stratigraphic succession of iron corrosions. Furthermore, the combined use of this technique with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) was achieved owing to the use of a structural and chemical analyser interface. In this way, the molecular characterization, enhanced by the magnification feature of the SEM, allowed us to identify several micrometric degradation compounds. Finally, the effectiveness of one of the most used desalination baths (NaOH) was evaluated by comparing its effects with those provided by a reference bath (MilliQ). The comparison proved that basic treatment avoided any side effects on the spur decorated by fire gilding, compensating for the lack of bibliographic documentation in this field.This article is part of the themed issue 'Raman spectroscopy in art and archaeology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Veneranda
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), PO Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ilaria Costantini
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), PO Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | | | - Laura Garcia
- Arkeologi Museoa/Archaeological Museum of Bizkaia, Calzadas de Mallona 2, 48006 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Iñaki García
- Arkeologi Museoa/Archaeological Museum of Bizkaia, Calzadas de Mallona 2, 48006 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Kepa Castro
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), PO Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Agustín Azkarate
- Department of Geography, Prehistory and Archaeology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), PO Box 450, 01080 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Unesco Chair of Cultural Landscapes and Heritage, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), PO Box 450, 01080 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Madariaga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), PO Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
- Unesco Chair of Cultural Landscapes and Heritage, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), PO Box 450, 01080 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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Menció A, Guasch H, Soler D, Canelles A, Zamorano M, Brusi D. Influence of regional hydrogeological systems at a local scale: Analyzing the coupled effects of hydrochemistry and biological activity in a Fe and CO2 rich spring. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 569-570:700-715. [PMID: 27380394 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Menció
- Grup de Geologia Aplicada i Ambiental (GAiA), Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Girona, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain.
| | - H Guasch
- Grup de Recerca en Ecosistemes Continentals (GRECO), Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain.
| | - D Soler
- Grup de Geologia Aplicada i Ambiental (GAiA), Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Girona, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain
| | - A Canelles
- Grup de Geologia Aplicada i Ambiental (GAiA), Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Girona, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain
| | - M Zamorano
- Grup de Geologia Aplicada i Ambiental (GAiA), Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Girona, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain
| | - D Brusi
- Grup de Geologia Aplicada i Ambiental (GAiA), Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Girona, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain
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Trampe ECL, Larsen JEN, Glaring MA, Stougaard P, Kühl M. In situ Dynamics of O2, pH, Light, and Photosynthesis in Ikaite Tufa Columns (Ikka Fjord, Greenland)-A Unique Microbial Habitat. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:722. [PMID: 27242741 PMCID: PMC4871860 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ikka Fjord (SW Greenland) harbors a unique microbial habitat in the form of several hundred submarine tufa columns composed of ikaite, a special hexahydrate form of calcium carbonate that precipitates when alkaline phosphate- and carbonate-enriched spring water seeping out of the sea floor meets cold seawater. While several unique heterotrophic microbes have been isolated from the tufa columns, the microbial activity, and the boundary conditions for microbial growth in ikaite have remained unexplored. We present the first detailed in situ characterization of the physico-chemical microenvironment and activity of oxygenic phototrophs thriving within the ikaite columns. In situ underwater microsensor measurements of pH, temperature, and irradiance in the porous ikaite crystal matrix, revealed an extreme microenvironment characterized by low temperatures, strong light attenuation, and gradients of pH changing from pH 9 at the outer column surface to above pH 10 over the first 1–2 cm of the ikaite. This outer layer of the freshly deposited ikaite matrix contained densely pigmented yellow and green zones harboring a diverse phototrophic community dominated by diatoms and cyanobacteria, respectively, as shown by amplicon sequencing. In situ O2 measurements, as well as underwater variable chlorophyll fluorescence measurements of photosynthetic activity, demonstrated high levels of oxygenic photosynthesis in this extreme gradient environment with strong irradiance-driven O2 dynamics ranging from anoxia to hyperoxic conditions in the ikaite matrix, albeit the local formation of gas bubbles buffered the day-night dynamics of O2 in the tufa columns. The microbial phototrophs in the ikaite matrix are embedded in exopolymers forming endolithic biofilms that may interact with mineral formation and cementing of ikaite crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik C L Trampe
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen Helsingør, Denmark
| | - Jens E N Larsen
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen Helsingør, Denmark
| | - Mikkel A Glaring
- Section for Microbial Ecology and Biotechnology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Peter Stougaard
- Section for Microbial Ecology and Biotechnology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Michael Kühl
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of CopenhagenHelsingør, Denmark; Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Technology SydneySydney, NSW, Australia
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Biomineralization Patterns of Intracellular Carbonatogenesis in Cyanobacteria: Molecular Hypotheses. MINERALS 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/min6010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Yang ZN, Li XM, Umar A, Fan WH, Wang Y. Insight into calcification of Synechocystis sp. enhanced by extracellular carbonic anhydrase. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra26159g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of cyanobacterial calcification was proved to be related to extracellular carbonic anhydrase, which enhanced CaCO3 precipitation through facilitating proton consumption during transformation of bicarbonate to carbon dioxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Ni Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Environment
- Beihang University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Environment
- Beihang University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Ahmad Umar
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science and Arts and Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED)
- Najran University
- Najran 11001
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Wen-Hong Fan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Environment
- Beihang University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Yao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Environment
- Beihang University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
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Touloupakis E, Cicchi B, Benavides AMS, Torzillo G. Effect of high pH on growth of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 cultures and their contamination by golden algae (Poterioochromonas sp.). Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 100:1333-1341. [PMID: 26541331 PMCID: PMC4717179 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7024-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Culturing cyanobacteria in a highly alkaline environment is a possible strategy for controlling contamination by other organisms. Synechocystis PCC 6803 cells were grown in continuous cultures to assess their growth performance at different pH values. Light conversion efficiency linearly decreased with the increase in pH and ranged between 12.5 % (PAR) at pH 7.5 (optimal) and decreased to 8.9 % at pH 11.0. Photosynthetic activity, assessed by measuring both chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthesis rate, was not much affected going from pH 7.5 to 11.0, while productivity, growth yield, and biomass yield on light energy declined by 32, 28, and 26 % respectively at pH 11.0. Biochemical composition of the biomass did not change much within pH 7 and 10, while when grown at pH 11.0, carbohydrate content increased by 33 % while lipid content decreased by about the same amount. Protein content remained almost constant (average 65.8 % of dry weight). Cultures maintained at pH above 11.0 could grow free of contaminants (protozoa and other competing microalgae belonging to the species of Poterioochromonas).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios Touloupakis
- Istituto per lo Studio degli Ecosistemi, CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Bernardo Cicchi
- Istituto per lo Studio degli Ecosistemi, CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Ana Margarita Silva Benavides
- Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, San José, 2060, Costa Rica
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología (CIMAR), Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, San José, 2060, Costa Rica
| | - Giuseppe Torzillo
- Istituto per lo Studio degli Ecosistemi, CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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Ammar R, Kazpard V, Wazne M, El Samrani AG, Amacha N, Saad Z, Chou L. Reservoir sediments: a sink or source of chemicals at the surface water-groundwater interface. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:579. [PMID: 26293891 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4791-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study delineates the physical, chemical, and biological effects resulting from anthropogenic and endogenic activities in a sensitive dammed reservoir situated in a semi-arid region. The reservoir is characterized by two major flow regimes: a wet fill hydrologic regime and a dry spill one. A seasonal sampling campaign was carried out over a period of 2 years (2011-2013) where water samples were collected across the water column and from piezometers just outside the perimeter of the reservoir. Similarly, sediments were collected from the corresponding areas beneath the water column. The water samples were analyzed for environmental isotopic ratios, elemental composition, and physical, biological and chemical parameters, whereas the sediment and algal samples were subjected to physical, mineralogical, spectroscopic, and microscopic analyses. This investigation indicated that the dam had resulted in the alteration of the biogeochemical cycle of nutrients as well as the degradation of the sediment and water quality. The hydrological and biogeochemical processes were found to induce vertical downward transport of chemicals towards the fine grained calcareous sediments during the fill mode, whereas the sediments acted as a source of a chemical flux upward through the water column and downward towards the groundwater during the spill mode. The geomorphological characteristics of the reservoir enhanced the strong hydrological connectivity between the surface water and the groundwater where the reservoir responded quickly to natural and anthropogenic changes in the upper watershed. The water and sediments in the sensitive spill mode were of poor quality and should receive more attention due to the potential hazard for the associated hydro-project and the sustainability of the agricultural soil in the long term. Thus, a safe water and sediment management plan should be implemented in order to improve the dam functionality and to safeguard the precious water resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawaa Ammar
- Platform for Research and Analysis in Environmental Sciences, Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, P.O. Box 5, Campus Rafic Hariri, Hadath-Beirut, Lebanon,
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Kaźmierczak J, Fenchel T, Kühl M, Kempe S, Kremer B, Łącka B, Małkowski K. CaCO3 precipitation in multilayered cyanobacterial mats: clues to explain the alternation of micrite and sparite layers in calcareous stromatolites. Life (Basel) 2015; 5:744-69. [PMID: 25761263 PMCID: PMC4390877 DOI: 10.3390/life5010744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine cyanobacterial mats were cultured on coastal sediments (Nivå Bay, Øresund, Denmark) for over three years in a closed system. Carbonate particles formed in two different modes in the mat: (i) through precipitation of submicrometer-sized grains of Mg calcite within the mucilage near the base of living cyanobacterial layers, and (ii) through precipitation of a variety of mixed Mg calcite/aragonite morphs in layers of degraded cyanobacteria dominated by purple sulfur bacteria. The d13C values were about 2‰ heavier in carbonates from the living cyanobacterial zones as compared to those generated in the purple bacterial zones. Saturation indices calculated with respect to calcite, aragonite, and dolomite inside the mats showed extremely high values across the mat profile. Such high values were caused by high pH and high carbonate alkalinity generated within the mats in conjunction with increased concentrations of calcium and magnesium that were presumably stored in sheaths and extracellular polymer substances (EPS) of the living cyanobacteria and liberated during their post-mortem degradation. The generated CaCO3 morphs were highly similar to morphs reported from heterotrophic bacterial cultures, and from bacterially decomposed cyanobacterial biomass emplaced in Ca-rich media. They are also similar to CaCO3 morphs precipitated from purely inorganic solutions. No metabolically (enzymatically) controlled formation of particular CaCO3 morphs by heterotrophic bacteria was observed in the studied mats. The apparent alternation of in vivo and post-mortem generated calcareous layers in the studied cyanobacterial mats may explain the alternation of fine-grained (micritic) and coarse-grained (sparitic) laminae observed in modern and fossil calcareous cyanobacterial microbialites as the result of a probably similar multilayered mat organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Józef Kaźmierczak
- Institute of Paleobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Tom Fenchel
- Marine Biological Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, Strandpromenaden 5, 3000 Helsingør, Denmark.
| | - Michael Kühl
- Marine Biological Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, Strandpromenaden 5, 3000 Helsingør, Denmark.
| | - Stephan Kempe
- Institute of Applied Geosciences, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstr. 9, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Barbara Kremer
- Institute of Paleobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Bożena Łącka
- Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Małkowski
- Institute of Paleobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warsaw, Poland.
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Intracellular Ca-carbonate biomineralization is widespread in cyanobacteria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:10933-8. [PMID: 25009182 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1403510111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria have played a significant role in the formation of past and modern carbonate deposits at the surface of the Earth using a biomineralization process that has been almost systematically considered induced and extracellular. Recently, a deep-branching cyanobacterial species, Candidatus Gloeomargarita lithophora, was reported to form intracellular amorphous Ca-rich carbonates. However, the significance and diversity of the cyanobacteria in which intracellular biomineralization occurs remain unknown. Here, we searched for intracellular Ca-carbonate inclusions in 68 cyanobacterial strains distributed throughout the phylogenetic tree of cyanobacteria. We discovered that diverse unicellular cyanobacterial taxa form intracellular amorphous Ca-carbonates with at least two different distribution patterns, suggesting the existence of at least two distinct mechanisms of biomineralization: (i) one with Ca-carbonate inclusions scattered within the cell cytoplasm such as in Ca. G. lithophora, and (ii) another one observed in strains belonging to the Thermosynechococcus elongatus BP-1 lineage, in which Ca-carbonate inclusions lie at the cell poles. This pattern seems to be linked with the nucleation of the inclusions at the septum of the cells, showing an intricate and original connection between cell division and biomineralization. These findings indicate that intracellular Ca-carbonate biomineralization by cyanobacteria has been overlooked by past studies and open new perspectives on the mechanisms and the evolutionary history of intra- and extracellular Ca-carbonate biomineralization by cyanobacteria.
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Chan OW, Bugler-Lacap DC, Biddle JF, Lim DS, McKay CP, Pointing SB. Phylogenetic diversity of a microbialite reef in a cold alkaline freshwater lake. Can J Microbiol 2014; 60:391-8. [PMID: 24861562 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2014-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A culture-independent multidomain survey of biodiversity in microbialite structures within the cold alkaline Pavilion Lake (British Columbia, Canada) revealed a largely homogenous community at depths from 10 to 30 m. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to demonstrate that bacteria comprised approximately 80%-95% of recoverable phylotypes. Archaeal phylotypes accounted for <5% of the community in microbialites exposed to the water column, while structures in sediment contact supported 4- to 5-fold higher archaeal abundance. Eukaryal phylotypes were rare and indicated common aquatic diatoms that were concluded not to be part of the microbialite community. Phylogenetic analysis of rRNA genes from clone libraries (N = 491) revealed that alphaproteobacterial phylotypes were most abundant. Cyanobacterial phylotypes were highly diverse but resolved into 4 dominant genera: Acaryochloris, Leptolyngbya, Microcoleus, and Pseudanabaena. Interestingly, microbialite cyanobacteria generally affiliated phylogenetically with aquatic and coral cyanobacterial groups rather than those from stromatolites. Other commonly encountered bacterial phylotypes were from members of the Acidobacteria, with relatively low abundance of the Betaproteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Nitrospirae, and Planctomycetes. Archaeal diversity (N = 53) was largely accounted for by Euryarchaeota, with most phylotypes affiliated with freshwater methanogenic taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia W Chan
- a Institute for Applied Ecology New Zealand, School of Applied Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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