1
|
Ashrafi AM, Selcuk O, Mukherjee A, Unal DN, Kurbanoglu S, Uslu B, Jurica J, Pekarkova J, Richtera L, Adam V. Rapid determination of uracil in biological fluids at mercury thin film electrode for early detection of potential 5-fluorouracil toxicity due to dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 262:116545. [PMID: 38971040 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Determination of plasma uracil was reported as a method for evaluation of Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) activity that is highly demanded to ensure the safe administration of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based therapies to cancer patients. This work reports the development of a simple electroanalytical method based on adsorptive stripping square wave voltammetry (AdSWV) at mercury film-coated glassy carbon electrode (MF/GCE) for the highly sensitive determination of uracil in biological fluids that can be used for diagnosis of decreased DPD activity. Due to the formation of the HgII-Uracil complex at the electrode surface, the accuracy of the measurement was not affected by the complicated matrices in biological fluids including human serum, plasma, and urine. The high sensitivity of the developed method results in a low limit of detection (≈1.3 nM) in human plasma samples, falling below the practical cut-off level of 15 ng mL-1 (≈0.14 μM). This threshold concentration is crucial for predicting 5-FU toxicity, as reported in buffer, and ≤1.15% in biological samples), and accuracy (recovery percentage close to 100%).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir M Ashrafi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Photonics and Electronics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Ozge Selcuk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 06560, Ankara, Turkey; Mersin University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 33169, Mersin, Turkey.
| | - Atripan Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic; ELI Beamlines Facility, The Extreme Light Infrastructure ERIC, Za Radnicí 835, 252 41, Dolní Břežany, Czech Republic.
| | - Didem Nur Unal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 06560, Ankara, Turkey; Ankara University, The Graduate School of Health Sciences, 06110, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Sevinc Kurbanoglu
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 06560, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Bengi Uslu
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 06560, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Jan Jurica
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Pekarkova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Lukas Richtera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Eid MK, Alqhtani NR, Atef AM, Sakka S. Application of topical 5-Fluorouracil to reduce the recurrence of odontogenic keratocyst: A prospective study with 2-year follow-up. Curr Probl Surg 2024; 61:101558. [PMID: 39168535 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpsurg.2024.101558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Kamal Eid
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Nasser Raqe Alqhtani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa Mohamed Atef
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Salah Sakka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen C, Zhang W, Wang P, Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Li Y, Wang R, Ren F. Thermo-responsive composite nanoparticles based on hydroxybutyl chitosan oligosaccharide: Fabrication, stimulus release and cancer therapy. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:133842. [PMID: 39004251 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Designing thermo-responsive nanocarriers based on biopolymers is fascinating and challenging for cancer therapy. In this study, thermo-responsive composite nanoparticles (CNPs) were prepared using hydroxybutyl chitosan oligosaccharide (HBCOS) and sodium caseinate (SC) via electrostatic interactions and covalent crosslinking. The temperature-responsive behaviors of CNPs were induced by the breakage of hydrogen bonds and the shrinkage of chains in nanoparticles. The CNPs exhibited concentration-independent thermo-responsive behavior, non-adsorption aggregation, and non-hemolysis, suggesting excellent stability and thermo-sensitivity. The initial release rate and final amount of DOX released from CNPs at 42 °C were higher than that at 37 °C, showing a thermo-responsive release, which was also more prominent at lower pH. The release of DOX from CNPs followed first order kinetics based on Fickian diffusion. In vitro cytotoxicity assays confirmed the thermo-responsive antitumor activity of DOX-loaded CNPs as the HT-29 cell viability incubated with DOX-loaded CNPs at 42 °C was significantly lower than that at 37 °C. Cellular uptake experiments proved that DOX-loaded CNPs accumulated in the cytoplasm after being endocytosed and promoted DOX release by increasing environment temperature. This study generated stable thermo-sensitive CNPs based on biopolymers, which can be used as potential nanocarriers for the controlled release of anticancer drugs for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Weibo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Pengjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Yinhua Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yixuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ran Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Fazheng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, Henan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Revercomb L, Patel AM, Filimonov I, Lerner D, Filimonov A. Topical Application of 5-Fluorouracil for the Treatment of Sinonasal Adenocarcinoma and Inverted Papilloma. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2024; 38:354-360. [PMID: 38850030 DOI: 10.1177/19458924241260118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sinonasal tumors represent a rare and heterogeneous group of rhinologic neoplasms. Even with advancements in surgical approaches, mortality rates of patients with sinonasal adenocarcinoma (SNAC) have not significantly improved and persistently high rates of recurrence in certain patients with inverted papilloma (IP) are seen. The use of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has been successfully described as an adjuvant treatment of SNAC and in the prevention of IP recurrence. OBJECTIVE This review aims to present the current evidence on the management of SNAC and IP with topical 5-FU. METHODS A three-author independent literature review was conducted to identify research involving the use of topical 5-FU for the treatment of SNAC and IP. A total of nine papers on the treatment of SNAC and IP were collected. RESULTS The earliest study looking at the combination of adjuvant low-dose radiation and topical 5-FU for adenocarcinoma of the ethmoid sinus showed a 5-year survival rate of 100%. A follow-up study evaluating a similar protocol reported adjusted disease-free survival at 2, 5, and 10 years of 96%, 87%, and 74%, respectively. Similar results have been demonstrated for adjuvant 5-FU use following endoscopic resection and have even been described in the novel setting of transcutaneous 5-FU delivery following frontal trephination. Topical 5-FU has also been described in the treatment of aggressive IP. The largest case series described the use of 5-FU for eighteen cases and demonstrated only a single recurrence. CONCLUSION The use of topical 5-FU currently represents an underutilized therapeutic modality within the treatment of rhinologic neoplasms. Available literature suggests that neoadjuvant use of topical 5-FU can improve survival and decrease recurrence for SNAC and IP. However, the small sample sizes prevent advocation for routine use in the general population and further research on 5-FU is necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Revercomb
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Aman M Patel
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Ivan Filimonov
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - David Lerner
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrey Filimonov
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sun Q, Lei X, Yang X. CircRNAs as upstream regulators of miRNA//HMGA2 axis in human cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2024:108711. [PMID: 39222752 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
High mobility group protein A2 (HMGA2) is widely recognized as a chromatin-binding protein, whose overexpression is observed in nearly all human cancers. It exerts its oncogenic effects by influencing various cellular processes such as the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cell differentiation, and DNA damage repair. MicroRNA (miRNA) serves as a pivotal gene expression regulator, concurrently modulating multiple genes implicated in cancer progression, including HMGA2. It also serves as a significant biomarker for cancer. Circular RNA (circRNA) plays a crucial role in gene regulation primarily by sequestering miRNAs and impeding their ability to enhance the expression of other genes, including HMGA2. Increasingly, studies have underscored the vital role of miRNA/HMGA2 interactions in cancer. Given the significance of circRNA as an upstream regulatory mediator and the complexity of regulatory mechanisms, we hereby present a comprehensive overview of the pivotal role of circRNAs as upstream regulators of the miRNA//HMGA2 axis in human cancers. This insight may herald a novel direction for future cancer research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, 28 Western Changsheng Road, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xiaoyong Lei
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, 28 Western Changsheng Road, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, University of South China, 28 Western Changsheng Road, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, 28 Western Changsheng Road, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, University of South China, 28 Western Changsheng Road, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Suriyaamporn P, Dechsri K, Charoenying T, Ngawhirunpat T, Rojanarata T, Patrojanasophon P, Opanasopit P, Pamornpathomkul B. Multiple strategies approach: A novel crosslinked hydrogel forming chitosan-based microneedles chemowrap patch loaded with 5-fluorouracil liposomes for chronic wound cancer treatment. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 279:134973. [PMID: 39182897 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Untreated or poorly managed chronic wounds can progress to skin cancer. Topically applied 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), a nonspecific cytostatic agent, can cause various side effects. Its high polarity also results in low cell membrane affinity and bioavailability. Hydrogel, used for its occlusive effect, is one platform for treating chronic wounds combined with PEGylated liposomes (LPs), developed to increase drug-skin affinity. This research aimed to develop a novel hydrogel forming chitosan-based microneedles (HFM) chemowrap patch containing 5-FU PEGylated LPs, improving 5-FU efficiency for pre-carcinogenic and carcinogenic skin lesions. The results indicated that the 5-FU-PEGylated LPs-loaded HFM chemowrap patch exhibited desirable physical and mechanical characteristics with complete penetration ability. Furthermore, in vivo skin permeation studies demonstrated the highest percentage of 5-FU permeated the skin (42.06 ± 11.82 %) and skin deposition (75.90 ± 1.13 %) compared to the other treatments, with demonstrated superior percentages of complete wound healing in in vivo (47.00 ± 5.77 % wound healing at day 7) and in NHF cells (92.79 ± 7.15 % at 48 h). Furthermore, 5-FU-PEGylated LPs-loaded HFM chemowrap patches exhibit efficient anticancer activity while maintaining safety for normal cells. The results also show that the developed formulation of a 5-FU-PEGylated LPs-loaded HFM chemowrap patch could enhance apoptosis higher than that of the 5-FU solution. Consequently, 5-FU PEGylated LPs-loaded HFM chemowrap patch represented a promising drug delivery approach for treating pre-carcinogenic and carcinogenic skin lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phuvamin Suriyaamporn
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand; Research and Innovation Center for Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand
| | - Koranat Dechsri
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Thapakorn Charoenying
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand; Research and Innovation Center for Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand
| | - Tanasait Ngawhirunpat
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Theerasak Rojanarata
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand; Research and Innovation Center for Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand
| | - Prasopchai Patrojanasophon
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand; Research and Innovation Center for Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand
| | - Praneet Opanasopit
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand; Research and Innovation Center for Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand
| | - Boonnada Pamornpathomkul
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand; Research and Innovation Center for Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sabljo K, Ischyropoulou M, Napp J, Alves F, Feldmann C. High-load nanoparticles with a chemotherapeutic SN-38/FdUMP drug cocktail. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:14853-14860. [PMID: 39034735 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01403k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
[Gd(OH)]2+[(SN-38)0.5(FdUMP)0.5]2- inorganic-organic hybrid nanoparticles (IOH-NPs) with a chemotherapeutic cocktail of ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38, active form of irinotecan) and 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine-5'-phosphate (FdUMP, active form of 5'-fluoruracil), 40 nm in size, are prepared in water. The IOH-NPs contain a total drug load of 63 wt% with 33 wt% of SN-38 and 30 wt% of FdUMP. Cell-based assays show efficient cellular uptake and promising anti-tumour activity on two pancreatic cancer cell lines of murine origin (KPC, Panc02). Beside the high-load drug cocktail, especially the option to use SN-38, which - although 100- to 1000-times more potent than irinotecan - is usually unsuitable for systemic administration due to poor solubility, low stability, and high toxicity upon non-selective delivery. The [Gd(OH)]2+[(SN-38)0.5(FdUMP)0.5]2- IOH-NPs are a new concept to deliver a drug cocktail with SN-38 and FdUMP directly to the tumour, shielded in a nanoparticle, to reduce side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Sabljo
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Engesserstrasse 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Myrto Ischyropoulou
- University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Robert Koch Str. 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Joanna Napp
- University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Robert Koch Str. 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Frauke Alves
- University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Robert Koch Str. 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Translational Molecular Imaging, Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
- University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Clinic for Haematology and Medical Oncology, Robert Koch Str. 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Claus Feldmann
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Engesserstrasse 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Stachowiak K, Zabiszak M, Grajewski J, Teubert A, Bajek A, Jastrzab R. Thermodynamic Studies of Complexes in Cu(II)/Uridine-5'-Diphosphoglucuronic Acid System. Molecules 2024; 29:3695. [PMID: 39125099 PMCID: PMC11314288 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29153695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A binary system of uridine-5'-diphosphoglucuronic acid with copper (II) ions was studied. Potentiometric studies in aqueous solutions using computer data analysis were carried out. The pH of dominance, the overall stability constants (logβ), and the equilibrium constants of the formation reaction (logKe) were determined for each complex compound formed in the studied system. Spectroscopic studies were carried out to determine the mode of coordination in the compounds studied. Cytotoxicity and metabolic activity tests of the compounds obtained showed an increase in the biological activity of the complexes tested against the free ligand. The current research may contribute to the knowledge of complex compounds of biomolecules found in the human body and may also contribute to the characterization of a group of complex compounds with potential anticancer properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Stachowiak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (K.S.); (M.Z.)
| | - Michal Zabiszak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (K.S.); (M.Z.)
| | - Jakub Grajewski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (K.S.); (M.Z.)
| | - Anna Teubert
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Science, Zygmunta Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Anna Bajek
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology and Andrology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Jagiellonska 13, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Renata Jastrzab
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; (K.S.); (M.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abo Qoura L, Morozova E, Ramaa СS, Pokrovsky VS. Smart nanocarriers for enzyme-activated prodrug therapy. J Drug Target 2024:1-23. [PMID: 39045650 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2024.2383688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Exogenous enzyme-activated prodrug therapy (EPT) is a potential cancer treatment strategy that delivers non-human enzymes into or on the surface of the cell and subsequently converts a non-toxic prodrug into an active cytotoxic substance at a specific location and time. The development of several pharmacological pairs based on EPT has been the focus of anticancer research for more than three decades. Numerous of these pharmacological pairs have progressed to clinical trials, and a few have achieved application in specific cancer therapies. The current review highlights the potential of enzyme-activated prodrug therapy as a promising anticancer treatment. Different microbial, plant, or viral enzymes and their corresponding prodrugs that advanced to clinical trials have been listed. Additionally, we discuss new trends in the field of enzyme-activated prodrug nanocarriers, including nanobubbles combined with ultrasound (NB/US), mesoscopic-sized polyion complex vesicles (PICsomes), nanoparticles, and extracellular vesicles (EVs), with special emphasis on smart stimuli-triggered drug release, hybrid nanocarriers, and the main application of nanotechnology in improving prodrugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louay Abo Qoura
- Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, People's Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Morozova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of the, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - С S Ramaa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | - Vadim S Pokrovsky
- Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, People's Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jeeunngoi J, Senawong G, Jogloy S, Prompipak J, Samankul A, Utaiwat S, Woranam K, Sripa B, Senawong T. Anticancer Potential of Valencia Peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) Skin Extract against Cervical Cancer Cells In Vitro and in Nude Mouse Xenograft Models. Foods 2024; 13:2354. [PMID: 39123546 PMCID: PMC11312182 DOI: 10.3390/foods13152354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of Valencia KK4-type peanut skin ethanolic extract (KK4-PSE) combined with cisplatin or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on HeLa cells in vitro and in xenograft models. At exposure times of 24, 48 and 72 h, KK4-PSE inhibited the growth of HeLa cells with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 79.43 ± 0.54, 55.55 ± 1.57 and 41.32 ± 0.74 µg/mL, respectively. Drug interactions evaluated by the Chou-Talalay method demonstrated that KK4-PSE enhanced antiproliferative activity of 5-FU against HeLa cells with combination index (CI) values of 0.49 (48 h) and 0.60 (72 h), indicating a synergistic effect, while KK4-PSE combined with cisplatin exhibited an additive effect (CI = 1.02) at 72 h, and an antagonistic effect at 24 and 48 h exposures (CI = 1.12 and 1.18, respectively). In nude mouse xenograft models, the combination of 5-FU and KK4-PSE markedly reduced HeLa tumor weights compared with the control and single agent treatments groups. The combination of KK4-PSE and 5-FU achieved greater tumor growth inhibition than that of the KK4-PSE-cisplatin combination. KK4-PSE mitigated hepatotoxicity induced by both cisplatin and 5-FU in nude mice. The spleen hyaloserositis was significantly reduced in the combination treatment of 5-FU and KK4-PSE. These results suggest that KK4-PSE has the potential to limit cervical cancer cell proliferation while reducing the toxicity of cisplatin and 5-FU.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jarckrit Jeeunngoi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (J.J.); (G.S.); (J.P.); (A.S.); (S.U.); (K.W.)
| | - Gulsiri Senawong
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (J.J.); (G.S.); (J.P.); (A.S.); (S.U.); (K.W.)
| | - Sanun Jogloy
- Department of Plant Science and Agricultural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Jeerati Prompipak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (J.J.); (G.S.); (J.P.); (A.S.); (S.U.); (K.W.)
| | - Arunta Samankul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (J.J.); (G.S.); (J.P.); (A.S.); (S.U.); (K.W.)
| | - Suppawit Utaiwat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (J.J.); (G.S.); (J.P.); (A.S.); (S.U.); (K.W.)
| | - Khanutsanan Woranam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (J.J.); (G.S.); (J.P.); (A.S.); (S.U.); (K.W.)
| | - Banchob Sripa
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Tropical Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Thanaset Senawong
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (J.J.); (G.S.); (J.P.); (A.S.); (S.U.); (K.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Alrbyawi H. Stimuli-Responsive Liposomes of 5-Fluorouracil: Progressive Steps for Safe and Effective Treatment of Colorectal Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:966. [PMID: 39065663 PMCID: PMC11280302 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16070966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) has become one of the most widely employed antimetabolite chemotherapeutic agents in recent decades to treat various types of cancer. It is considered the standard first-line treatment for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Unfortunately, traditional chemotherapy with 5-FU presents many limitations, such as a short half-life, a low bioavailability, and a high cytotoxicity, affecting both tumor tissue and healthy tissue. In order to overcome the drawbacks of 5-FU and enhance its therapeutic effectiveness against colorectal cancer, many studies have focused on designing new delivery systems to successfully deliver 5-FU to tumor sites. Liposomes have gained attention as a well-accepted nanocarrier for several chemotherapeutic agents. These amphipathic spherical vesicles consist of one or more phospholipid bilayers, showing promise for the drug delivery of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic components in addition to distinctive properties, such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, a low toxicity, and non-immunogenicity. Recent progress in liposomes has mainly focused on chemical and structural modifications to specifically target and activate therapeutic actions against cancer within the proximity of tumors. This review provides a comprehensive overview of both internal-stimuli-responsive liposomes, such as those activated by enzymes or pH, and external-stimuli-responsive liposomes, such as those activated by the application of a magnetic field, light, or temperature variations, for the site-specific delivery of 5-FU in colorectal cancer therapy, along with the future perspectives of these smart-delivery liposomes in colorectal cancer. In addition, this review critically highlights recent innovations in the literature on various types of stimuli-responsive liposomal formulations designed to be applied either exogenously or endogenously and that have great potential in delivering 5-FU to colorectal cancer sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamad Alrbyawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Industries, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Madinah 41477, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mustafa M, Abbas K, Alam M, Habib S, Zulfareen, Hasan GM, Islam S, Shamsi A, Hassan I. Investigating underlying molecular mechanisms, signaling pathways, emerging therapeutic approaches in pancreatic cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1427802. [PMID: 39087024 PMCID: PMC11288929 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1427802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma, a clinically challenging malignancy constitutes a significant contributor to cancer-related mortality, characterized by an inherently poor prognosis. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of pancreatic adenocarcinoma by examining its multifaceted etiologies, including genetic mutations and environmental factors. The review explains the complex molecular mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis and summarizes current therapeutic strategies, including surgery, chemotherapy, and emerging modalities such as immunotherapy. Critical molecular pathways driving pancreatic cancer development, including KRAS, Notch, and Hedgehog, are discussed. Current therapeutic strategies, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation, are discussed, with an emphasis on their limitations, particularly in terms of postoperative relapse. Promising research areas, including liquid biopsies, personalized medicine, and gene editing, are explored, demonstrating the significant potential for enhancing diagnosis and treatment. While immunotherapy presents promising prospects, it faces challenges related to immune evasion mechanisms. Emerging research directions, encompassing liquid biopsies, personalized medicine, CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, and computational intelligence applications, hold promise for refining diagnostic approaches and therapeutic interventions. By integrating insights from genetic, molecular, and clinical research, innovative strategies that improve patient outcomes can be developed. Ongoing research in these emerging fields holds significant promise for advancing the diagnosis and treatment of this formidable malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Mustafa
- Department of Biochemistry, J.N. Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Kashif Abbas
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Mudassir Alam
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Safia Habib
- Department of Biochemistry, J.N. Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Zulfareen
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Gulam Mustafa Hasan
- Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sidra Islam
- Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Anas Shamsi
- Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research (CMBHSR), Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Barathan M, Zulpa AK, Ng SL, Lokanathan Y, Ng MH, Law JX. Innovative Strategies to Combat 5-Fluorouracil Resistance in Colorectal Cancer: The Role of Phytochemicals and Extracellular Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7470. [PMID: 39000577 PMCID: PMC11242358 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant public health challenge, with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) resistance being a major obstacle to effective treatment. Despite advancements, resistance to 5-FU remains formidable due to complex mechanisms such as alterations in drug transport, evasion of apoptosis, dysregulation of cell cycle dynamics, tumor microenvironment (TME) interactions, and extracellular vesicle (EV)-mediated resistance pathways. Traditional chemotherapy often results in high toxicity, highlighting the need for alternative approaches with better efficacy and safety. Phytochemicals (PCs) and EVs offer promising CRC therapeutic strategies. PCs, derived from natural sources, often exhibit lower toxicity and can target multiple pathways involved in cancer progression and drug resistance. EVs can facilitate targeted drug delivery, modulate the immune response, and interact with the TME to sensitize cancer cells to treatment. However, the potential of PCs and engineered EVs in overcoming 5-FU resistance and reshaping the immunosuppressive TME in CRC remains underexplored. Addressing this gap is crucial for identifying innovative therapies with enhanced efficacy and reduced toxicities. This review explores the multifaceted mechanisms of 5-FU resistance in CRC and evaluates the synergistic effects of combining PCs with 5-FU to improve treatment efficacy while minimizing adverse effects. Additionally, it investigates engineered EVs in overcoming 5-FU resistance by serving as drug delivery vehicles and modulating the TME. By synthesizing the current knowledge and addressing research gaps, this review enhances the academic understanding of 5-FU resistance in CRC, highlighting the potential of interdisciplinary approaches involving PCs and EVs for revolutionizing CRC therapy. Further research and clinical validation are essential for translating these findings into improved patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muttiah Barathan
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Khusairy Zulpa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Sook Luan Ng
- Department of Craniofacial Diagnostics and Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Yogeswaran Lokanathan
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Min Hwei Ng
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Jia Xian Law
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mafi A, Hedayati N, Milasi YE, Kahkesh S, Daviran M, Farahani N, Hashemi M, Nabavi N, Alimohammadi M, Rahimzadeh P, Taheriazam A. The function and mechanism of circRNAs in 5-fluorouracil resistance in tumors: Biological mechanisms and future potential. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 260:155457. [PMID: 39018926 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a well-known chemotherapy drug extensively used in the treatment of breast cancer. It works by inhibiting cancer cell proliferation and inducing cell death through direct incorporation into DNA and RNA via thymidylate synthase (TS). Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a novel family of endogenous non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) with limited protein-coding potential, contribute to 5-FU resistance. Their identification and targeting are crucial for enhancing chemosensitivity. CircRNAs can regulate tumor formation and invasion by adhering to microRNAs (miRNAs) and interacting with RNA-binding proteins, regulating transcription and translation. MiRNAs can influence enzymes responsible for 5-FU metabolism in cancer cells, affecting their sensitivity or resistance to the drug. In the context of 5-FU resistance, circRNAs can target miRNAs and regulate biological processes such as cell proliferation, cell death, glucose metabolism, hypoxia, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and drug efflux. This review focuses on the function of circRNAs in 5-FU resistance, discussing the underlying molecular pathways and biological mechanisms. It also presents recent circRNA/miRNA-targeted cancer therapeutic strategies for future clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Mafi
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Neda Hedayati
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yaser Eshaghi Milasi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Samaneh Kahkesh
- Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Minoo Daviran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Najma Farahani
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Independent Researcher, Victoria, British Columbia V8V 1P7, Canada
| | - Mina Alimohammadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Payman Rahimzadeh
- Surgical Research Society (SRS), Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jacobs T, Patil D, Shanti R, Ziccardi VB. Comparing 5-Fluorouracil Versus Modified Carnoy's Solution for the Treatment of Odontogenic Keratocysts: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2024:S0278-2391(24)00591-3. [PMID: 39038594 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2024.06.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The primary aim of this study was to compare time to odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) recurrence with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) versus modified Carnoy's solution (MCS) following enucleation and curettage and peripheral ostectomy. The secondary aim was to compare the frequency (%) of permanent peripheral nerve injury characterized by hypoesthesia and neuropathic pain present at 12 months or more after surgery with 5-FU versus MCS. METHODS The Cox hazard ratio was calculated to compare time to recurrence between the 2 groups. To compare the frequencies of permanent nerve damage, we fitted a fixed-effects model to the data and calculated the risk ratio. Other variables collected were sex, age, follow-up time, and cyst size. RESULTS No significant differences in sex, age, follow-up time, and cyst size were found. The median follow-up time for all patients was 60 months (range: 12-180 months, Q1 = 32 months, Q3 = 86 months, interquartile range = 54 months). Of the 114 patients treated with MCS, 27 recurrences with a median recurrence time of 42 months (range = 12-108 months, Q1 = 26.3 months, Q3 = 54 months, interquartile range = 27.7 months) were recorded; no recurrences were observed among the 99 patients treated with 5-FU (hazard ratio = 0.02, 95% CI = 0.00018-0.16, P = 2.27e-07). Of the 112 patients treated with MCS, there were 20 (17.86%) instances of permanent peripheral nerve injury; of the 98 patients treated with 5-FU, there were 7 (7.14%) instances of permanent peripheral nerve injury (risk ratio = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.20-0.97, P = .04). CONCLUSION The results of this meta-analysis significantly favored 5-FU over MCS for lower OKC recurrence and peripheral nerve injury, supporting the use of 5-FU as the superior adjuvant following enucleation and curettage and peripheral ostectomy for the treatment of OKCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Jacobs
- Resident, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ.
| | - Disha Patil
- M.D. Candidate, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Rabie Shanti
- Associate Professor, Residency Program Director and Director of Maxillofacial Oncology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ
| | - Vincent B Ziccardi
- Professor, Chair, and Associate Dean for Hospital Affairs, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Santourlidis S, Araúzo-Bravo MJ, Brodell RT, Hassan M, Bendhack ML. hTERT Epigenetics Provides New Perspectives for Diagnosis and Evidence-Based Guidance of Chemotherapy in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7331. [PMID: 39000438 PMCID: PMC11242863 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Strong epigenetic pan-cancer biomarkers are required to meet several current, urgent clinical needs and to further improve the present chemotherapeutic standard. We have concentrated on the investigation of epigenetic alteration of the hTERT gene, which is frequently epigenetically dysregulated in a number of cancers in specific developmental stages. Distinct DNA methylation profiles were identified in our data on early urothelial cancer. An efficient EpihTERT assay could be developed utilizing suitable combinations with sequence-dependent thermodynamic parameters to distinguish between differentially methylated states. We infer from this data set, the epigenetic context, and the related literature that a CpG-rich, 2800 bp region, a prominent CpG island, surrounding the transcription start of the hTERT gene is the crucial epigenetic zone for the development of a potent biomarker. In order to accurately describe this region, we have named it "Acheron" (Ἀχέρων). In Greek mythology, this is the river of woe and misery and the path to the underworld. Exploitation of the DNA methylation profiles focused on this region, e.g., idiolocal normalized Methylation Specific PCR (IDLN-MSP), opens up a wide range of new possibilities for diagnosis, determination of prognosis, follow-up, and detection of residual disease. It may also have broad implications for the choice of chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simeon Santourlidis
- Institute of Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Marcos J. Araúzo-Bravo
- Group of Computational Biology and Systems Biomedicine, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain;
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Robert T. Brodell
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA;
| | - Mohamed Hassan
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, 67000 Strasbourg, France;
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Marcelo L. Bendhack
- Department of Urology, Red Cross University Hospital, Positivo University, Rua Mauá 1111, Curitiba 80030-200, Brazil;
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cao W, Zhang X, Feng Y, Li R, Lu A, Li Z, Yu F, Sun L, Wang J, Wang Z, He H. Lipid Nanoparticular Codelivery System for Enhanced Antitumor Effects by Ferroptosis-Apoptosis Synergistic with Programmed Cell Death-Ligand 1 Downregulation. ACS NANO 2024; 18:17267-17281. [PMID: 38871478 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c04901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Intrinsic or acquired resistance to chemical drugs severely limits their therapeutic efficacy in cancer treatment. Various intracellular antioxidant molecules, particularly glutathione (GSH), play a crucial role in maintaining intracellular redox homeostasis by mitigating the overproduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to rapid cell proliferation. Notably, these antioxidants also eliminate chemical-drug-induced ROS, eventually diminishing their cytotoxicity and rendering them less effective. In this study, we combined erastin, a GSH biosynthesis inhibitor, with 2'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine 5'-monophosphate sodium salt (FdUMP), an ROS-based drug, to effectively disrupt intracellular redox homeostasis and reverse chemotherapy resistance. Therefore, efficient ferroptosis and apoptosis were simultaneously induced for enhanced antitumor effects. Additionally, we employed small interfering RNA targeting PD-L1 (siPD-L1) as a third agent to block immune-checkpoint recognition by CD8+ T cells. The highly immunogenic cell peroxidates or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) induced by erastin acted synergistically with downregulated PD-L1 to enhance the antitumor effects. To codeliver these three drugs simultaneously and efficiently, we designed GE11 peptide-modified lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) containing calcium phosphate cores to achieve high encapsulation efficiencies. In vitro studies verified its enhanced cytotoxicity, efficient intracellular ROS induction and GSH/GPX4 downregulation, substantial lipid peroxidation product accumulation, and mitochondrial depolarization. In vivo, this formulation effectively accumulated at tumor sites and achieved significant tumor inhibition in subcutaneous colon cancer (CRC) mouse models with a maximum tumor inhibition rate of 83.89% at a relatively low dose. Overall, a strategy to overcome clinical drug resistance was verified in this study by depleting GSH and activating adaptive immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiran Cao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases, School of Pharmacy, School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases, School of Pharmacy, School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yaxuan Feng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases, School of Pharmacy, School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Rui Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases, School of Pharmacy, School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - An Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zijie Li
- Department of Immuno-oncology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases, School of Pharmacy, School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Lu Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases, School of Pharmacy, School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jiancheng Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhiyu Wang
- Department of Immuno-oncology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - Huining He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases, School of Pharmacy, School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gutiérrez Á, Reyes ME, Larronde C, Brebi P, Mora-Lagos B. Targeting CCR3 with antagonist SB 328437 sensitizes 5‑fluorouracil‑resistant gastric cancer cells: Experimental evidence and computational insights. Oncol Lett 2024; 28:296. [PMID: 38737977 PMCID: PMC11082837 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) ranks fifth globally in cancer diagnoses and third for cancer-related deaths. Chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), a primary treatment, faces challenges due to the development of chemoresistance. Tumor microenvironment factors, including C-C motif chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3), can contribute to chemoresistance. The present study evaluated the effect of CCR3 receptor inhibition using the antagonist SB 328437 and the molecular dynamics of this interaction on resistance to 5-FU in gastric cancer cells. The 5-FU-resistant AGS cell line (AGS R-5FU) demonstrated notable tolerance to higher concentrations of 5-FU, with a 2.6-fold increase compared with the parental AGS cell line. Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of thymidylate synthase (TS), a molecular marker for 5-FU resistance, were significantly elevated in AGS R-5FU cells. CCR3 was shown to be expressed at significantly higher levels in these resistant cells. Combining SB 328437 with 5-FU resulted in a significant decrease in cell viability, particularly at higher concentrations of 5-FU. Furthermore, when SB 328437 was combined with 5-FU at a high concentration, the relative mRNA expression levels of CCR3 and TS decreased significantly. Computational analysis of CCR3 demonstrated dynamic conformational changes, especially in extracellular loop 2 region, which indicated potential alterations in ligand recognition. Docking simulations demonstrated that SB 328437 bound to the allosteric site of CCR3, inducing a conformational change in ECL2 and hindering ligand recognition. The present study provides comprehensive information on the molecular and structural aspects of 5-FU resistance and CCR3 modulation, highlighting the potential for therapeutic application of SB 328437 in GC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Gutiérrez
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Centro de Excelencia en Medicina Traslacional, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, 4810296 Temuco, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, 4810296 Temuco, Chile
| | - María Elena Reyes
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, 4810101 Temuco, Chile
| | - Carolina Larronde
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, 4810101 Temuco, Chile
| | - Priscilla Brebi
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Centro de Excelencia en Medicina Traslacional, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, 4810296 Temuco, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, 4810296 Temuco, Chile
- Biomedical Research Consortium - Chile, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, 4810296 Temuco, Chile
| | - Bárbara Mora-Lagos
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, 4810101 Temuco, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Khan S, Araji G, Yetiskul E, Keesari PR, Haddadin F, Khamis Z, Chowdhry V, Niazi M, Afif S, Dhar M, El-Sayegh S. Systemic oncological therapy in breast cancer patients on dialysis. World J Clin Oncol 2024; 15:730-744. [PMID: 38946836 PMCID: PMC11212603 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v15.i6.730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The advancement of renal replacement therapy has significantly enhanced the survival rates of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) over time. However, this prolonged survival has also been associated with a higher likelihood of cancer diagnoses among these patients including breast cancer. Breast cancer treatment typically involves surgery, radiation, and systemic therapies, with approaches tailored to cancer type, stage, and patient preferences. However, renal replacement therapy complicates systemic therapy due to altered drug clearance and the necessity for dialysis sessions. This review emphasizes the need for optimized dosing and administration strategies for systemic breast cancer treatments in dialysis patients, aiming to ensure both efficacy and safety. Additionally, challenges in breast cancer screening and diagnosis in this population, including soft-tissue calcifications, are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salman Khan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Northwell Health - Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, NY 10305, United States
| | - Ghada Araji
- Department of Internal Medicine, Northwell Health - Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, NY 10305, United States
| | - Ekrem Yetiskul
- Department of Internal Medicine, Northwell Health - Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, NY 10305, United States
| | - Praneeth Reddy Keesari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Northwell Health - Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, NY 10305, United States
| | - Fadi Haddadin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Northwell Health - Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, NY 10305, United States
| | - Zaid Khamis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Northwell Health - Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, NY 10305, United States
| | - Varun Chowdhry
- Department of Internal Medicine, Northwell Health - Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, NY 10305, United States
| | - Muhammad Niazi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Northwell Health - Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, NY 10305, United States
| | - Sarah Afif
- Department of Internal Medicine, CUNY School of Medicine, New York, NY 10031, United States
| | - Meekoo Dhar
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Northwell Health - Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, NY 10305, United States
| | - Suzanne El-Sayegh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Northwell Health - Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, NY 10305, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ding Y, Zhou R, Shi G, Jiang Y, Li Z, Xu X, Ma J, Huang J, Fu C, Zhou H, Wang H, Li J, Dong Z, Yu Q, Jiang K, An Y, Liu Y, Li Y, Yu L, Li Z, Zhang X, Wang J. Cadherin 17 Nanobody-Mediated Near-Infrared-II Fluorescence Imaging-Guided Surgery and Immunotoxin Delivery for Colorectal Cancer. Biomater Res 2024; 28:0041. [PMID: 38911825 PMCID: PMC11192146 DOI: 10.34133/bmr.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Surgery and targeted therapy are of equal importance for colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment. However, complete CRC tumor resection remains challenging, and new targeted agents are also needed for efficient CRC treatment. Cadherin 17 (CDH17) is a membrane protein that is highly expressed in CRC and, therefore, is an ideal target for imaging-guided surgery and therapeutics. This study utilizes CDH17 nanobody (E8-Nb) with the near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent dye IRDye800CW to construct a NIR-II fluorescent probe, E8-Nb-IR800CW, and a Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE)-based immunotoxin, E8-Nb-PE38, to evaluate their performance for CRC imaging, imaging-guided precise tumor excision, and antitumor effects. Our results show that E8-Nb-IR800CW efficiently recognizes CDH17 in CRC cells and tumor tissues, produces high-quality NIR-II images for CRC tumors, and enables precise tumor removal guided by NIR-II imaging. Additionally, fluorescent imaging confirms the targeting ability and specificity of the immunotoxin toward CDH17-positive tumors, providing the direct visible evidence for immunotoxin therapy. E8-Nb-PE38 immunotoxin markedly delays the growth of CRC through the induction of apoptosis and immunogenic cell death (ICD) in multiple CRC tumor models. Furthermore, E8-Nb-PE38 combined with 5-FU exerts synergistically antitumor effects and extends survival. This study highlights CDH17 as a promising target for CRC imaging, imaging-guided surgery, and drug delivery. Nanobodies targeting CDH17 hold great potential to construct NIR-II fluorescent probes for surgery navigation, and PE-based toxins fused with CDH17 nanobodies represent a novel therapeutic strategy for CRC treatment. Further investigation is warranted to validate these findings for potential clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youbin Ding
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital,
Southern Medical University (Academy of Orthopedics Guangdong Province), Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics and Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People’s Hospital; First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology,
Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Runhua Zhou
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening and Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital,
Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Guangwei Shi
- Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics and Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People’s Hospital; First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology,
Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Department of Neurosurgery and Medical Research Center, Shunde Hospital,
Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Yuke Jiang
- Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics and Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People’s Hospital; First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology,
Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Zhifen Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Datong University, Pingcheng District, Datong, Shanxi Province 037009, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolong Xu
- Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics and Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People’s Hospital; First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology,
Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jingbo Ma
- Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics and Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People’s Hospital; First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology,
Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jingnan Huang
- Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics and Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People’s Hospital; First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology,
Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Chunjin Fu
- Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics and Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People’s Hospital; First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology,
Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Hongchao Zhou
- Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics and Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People’s Hospital; First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology,
Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Huifang Wang
- Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics and Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People’s Hospital; First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology,
Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jiexuan Li
- Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics and Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People’s Hospital; First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology,
Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyu Dong
- Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics and Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People’s Hospital; First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology,
Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Qingling Yu
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital,
Southern Medical University (Academy of Orthopedics Guangdong Province), Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Kexin Jiang
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital,
Southern Medical University (Academy of Orthopedics Guangdong Province), Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Yehai An
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening and Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Yawei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Medical Research Center, Shunde Hospital,
Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Yilei Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital,
Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Le Yu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening and Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Zhijie Li
- Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics and Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People’s Hospital; First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology,
Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital,
Southern Medical University (Academy of Orthopedics Guangdong Province), Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
| | - Jigang Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital,
Southern Medical University (Academy of Orthopedics Guangdong Province), Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics and Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People’s Hospital; First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology,
Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, P. R. China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening and Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,
China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, School of Pharmacy,
Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, P. R. China
- Department of Oncology,
the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Marka S, Zografaki ME, Tsolomiti G, Kalliampakou KI, Tsolomitis A, Koumantou C, Smirlis D, Vassilaki N, Kintzios S. 2-(4-Nitrophenyl)isothiazol-3(2H)-one: A Promising Selective Agent against Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:673. [PMID: 38931341 PMCID: PMC11206498 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer ranks among the most prevalent malignancies globally and stands as a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Numerous isothiazolone derivatives and analogues have been synthesized and investigated for their potential as anticancer agents; however, limited data exist regarding their efficacy against liver cancer. In the present study, two nitrophenyl-isothiazolones, the 5-benzoyl-2-(4-nitrophenyl)isothiazol-3(2H)-one (IsoA) and the 2-(4-nitrophenyl)isothiazol-3(2H)-one (IsoB), were preliminarily investigated for their cytotoxicity against hepatoma human (Huh7) cells as a liver cancer model and Immortalized Human Hepatocytes (IHHs) as a model of non-cancerous hepatocytes. IsoB, derived from IsoA after removal of the benzoyl moiety, demonstrated the highest cytotoxic effect against Huh7 cells with CC50 values of 19.3 μΜ at 24 h, 16.4 μΜ at 48 h, and 16.2 μΜ at 72 h of incubation, respectively. IsoB also exhibited selective toxicity against the liver cancerous Huh7 cells compared to IHH cells, reinforcing its role as a potent and selective anticancer agent. Remarkably, the cytotoxicity of IsoB was higher when compared with the standard chemotherapeutical agent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), which also failed to exhibit higher toxicity against the liver cancerous cell lines. Moreover, IsoB-treated Huh7 cells presented a noteworthy reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) after 48 and 72 h, while mitochondrial superoxide levels showed an increase after 24 h of incubation. The molecular mechanism of the IsoB cytotoxic effect was also investigated using RT-qPCR, revealing an apoptosis-mediated cell death along with tumor suppressor TP53 overexpression and key-oncogene MYCN downregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Marka
- Laboratory of Cell Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece; (G.T.); (C.K.)
| | - Maria-Eleftheria Zografaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece; (M.-E.Z.); (K.I.K.)
| | - Georgia Tsolomiti
- Laboratory of Cell Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece; (G.T.); (C.K.)
| | - Katerina I. Kalliampakou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece; (M.-E.Z.); (K.I.K.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece;
| | - Athanasios Tsolomitis
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University, 15772 Athens, Greece;
| | - Christina Koumantou
- Laboratory of Cell Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece; (G.T.); (C.K.)
| | - Despina Smirlis
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Microbiology Department, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece;
| | - Niki Vassilaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece;
| | - Spyros Kintzios
- Laboratory of Cell Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece; (G.T.); (C.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Szlasa W, Mazurek W, Szewczyk A, Rembiałkowska N, Tunikowska J, Kulbacka J. The Antagonistic and Synergistic Role of Fe 3+ Compounds in Chemo- and Electrochemotherapy in Human Colon Cancer In Vitro. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:651. [PMID: 38794222 PMCID: PMC11124256 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer (CC) management includes surgery, radio- and chemotherapy based on treatment with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or its derivatives. However, its application is limited to low-grade carcinomas. Thus, much research has been conducted to introduce new techniques and drugs to the therapy. CC mostly affects older people suffering from cardiac diseases, where iron compounds are commonly used. Ferric citrate and iron (III)-EDTA complexes have proven to be effective in colon cancer in vitro. This study aimed to determine the potency and action of iron-containing compounds in colon cancer treatment by chemo- and electrochemotherapy in both nano- and microsecond protocols. The viability of the cells was assessed after standalone iron (III) citrate and iron (III)-EDTA incubation. Both compounds were also assessed with 5-FU to determine the combination index. Additionally, frataxin expression was taken as the quantitative response to the exposition of iron compounds. Each of the substances exhibited a cytotoxic effect on the LoVo cell line. Electroporation with standalone drugs revealed the potency of 5-FU and iron(III)-EDTA in CC treatment. The combination of 5-FU with iron(III)-EDTA acted synergistically, increasing the viability of the cells in the nanosecond electrochemotherapy protocol. Iron(III)-EDTA decreased the frataxin expression, thus inducing ferroptosis. Iron(III) citrate induced the progression of cancer; therefore, it should not be considered as a potential therapeutic option. The relatively low stability of iron(III) citrate leads to the delivery of citrate anions to cancer cells, which could increase the Krebs cycle rate and promote progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Szlasa
- Medical University Hospital, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.S.); (N.R.)
| | - Wiktoria Mazurek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Anna Szewczyk
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.S.); (N.R.)
- Department of Immunology and Bioelectrochemistry, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 08410 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Nina Rembiałkowska
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.S.); (N.R.)
| | - Joanna Tunikowska
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-356 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.S.); (N.R.)
- Department of Immunology and Bioelectrochemistry, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, 08410 Vilnius, Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ell M, Bui MT, Kigili S, Zeck G, Prado-López S. Assessment of chemotherapeutic effects on cancer cells using adhesion noise spectroscopy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1385730. [PMID: 38803844 PMCID: PMC11128629 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1385730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
With cancer as one of the leading causes of death worldwide, there is a need for the development of accurate, cost-effective, easy-to-use, and fast drug-testing assays. While the NCI 60 cell-line screening as the gold standard is based on a colorimetric assay, monitoring cells electrically constitutes a label-free and non-invasive tool to assess the cytotoxic effects of a chemotherapeutic treatment on cancer cells. For decades, impedance-based cellular assays extensively investigated various cell characteristics affected by drug treatment but lack spatiotemporal resolution. With progress in microelectrode fabrication, high-density Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS)-based microelectrode arrays (MEAs) with subcellular resolution and time-continuous recording capability emerged as a potent alternative. In this article, we present a new cell adhesion noise (CAN)-based electrical imaging technique to expand CMOS MEA cell-biology applications: CAN spectroscopy enables drug screening quantification with single-cell spatial resolution. The chemotherapeutic agent 5-Fluorouracil exerts a cytotoxic effect on colorectal cancer (CRC) cells hampering cell proliferation and lowering cell viability. For proof-of-concept, we found sufficient accuracy and reproducibility for CAN spectroscopy compared to a commercially available standard colorimetric biological assay. This label-free, non-invasive, and fast electrical imaging technique complements standardized cancer screening methods with significant advances over established impedance-based approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Ell
- Institute of Biomedical Electronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mai Thu Bui
- Institute of Biomedical Electronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Seyda Kigili
- Institute of Solid State Electronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Günther Zeck
- Institute of Biomedical Electronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonia Prado-López
- Institute of Solid State Electronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mansour E, Abd-Rabou AA, El-Atawy MA, Ahmed HA, El-Farargy AF, Abd El-Mawgoud HK. Induction of breast cancer cell apoptosis by novel thiouracil-fused heterocyclic compounds through boosting of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and DFT study. Bioorg Chem 2024; 146:107292. [PMID: 38555798 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a common public health disease causing mortality worldwide. Thus, providing novel chemotherapies that tackle breast cancer is of great interest. In this investigation, novel pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives 3,4,(6a-c),(8a,b),9-20 were synthesized and characterized using a variety of spectrum analyses. The geometric and thermal parameters of the novel thiouracil derivatives 3,4,6a,(8a,b),11,12,17,18, 19 were measured using density functional theory (DFT) via DFT/B3LYP/6-31 + G(d,p) basis set. All synthesized compounds were evaluated by MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide) method using MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancerous cells, compound 17 had the maximum anticancer activity against both breast cancerous cells, recording the lowest half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values (56.712 μg/mL for MCF-7 cells and 48.743 μg/mL for MDA-MB-231 cells). The results were confirmed in terms of the intrinsic mechanism of apoptosis, where compound 17 had the highest percentage in the case of both cancer cells and recorded Bax (Bcl-2 associated X)/Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2) ratio 17.5 and 96.667 for MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, while compound 19 came after 17 in the ability for induction of apoptosis, where the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio was 15.789 and 44.273 for both cancerous cells, respectively. Also, compound 11 recorded a high Bax/Bcl-2 ratio for both cells. The safety of the synthesized compounds was applied on normal WI-38 cells, showing minimum cytotoxic effect with undetectable IC50. Compounds 17, 11, and 19 recorded a significant increase of p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) expression levels in the cancerous cells. The DFT method was also used to establish a connection between the experimentally determined values of the present investigated compounds and their predicted quantum chemical parameters. It was concluded that Compounds 17, 11, and 19 had anti-breast cancer potential through the induction of apoptotic Bax/Bcl-2 and PUMA expression levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eman Mansour
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Abd-Rabou
- Hormones Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A El-Atawy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hoda A Ahmed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt
| | - Ahmed F El-Farargy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Sharqia, Egypt
| | - Heba K Abd El-Mawgoud
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Vaghari-Tabari M, Jafari-Gharabaghlou D, Mohammadi M, Hashemzadeh MS. Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Cancer Chemotherapy: Helpful Tools for Enhancing Chemo-sensitivity and Reducing Side Effects? Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:1878-1900. [PMID: 37639166 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03803-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Cancer chemotherapy is still a serious challenge. Chemo-resistance and destructive side effects of chemotherapy drugs are the most critical limitations of chemotherapy. Chemo-resistance is the leading cause of chemotherapy failure. Chemo-resistance, which refers to the resistance of cancer cells to the anticancer effects of chemotherapy drugs, is caused by various reasons. Among the most important of these reasons is the increase in the efflux of chemotherapy drugs due to the rise in the expression and activity of ABC transporters, the weakening of apoptosis, and the strengthening of stemness. In the last decade, a significant number of studies focused on the application of nanotechnology in cancer treatment. Considering the anti-cancer properties of zinc, zinc oxide nanoparticles have received much attention in recent years. Some studies have indicated that zinc oxide nanoparticles can target the critical mechanisms of cancer chemo-resistance and enhance the effectiveness of chemotherapy drugs. These studies have shown that zinc oxide nanoparticles can reduce the activity of ABC transporters, increase DNA damage and apoptosis, and attenuate stemness in cancer cells, leading to enhanced chemo-sensitivity. Some other studies have also shown that zinc oxide nanoparticles in low doses can be helpful in minimizing the harmful side effects of chemotherapy drugs. In this article, after a brief overview of the mechanisms of chemo-resistance and anticancer effects of zinc, we will review all these studies in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Vaghari-Tabari
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davoud Jafari-Gharabaghlou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mozafar Mohammadi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Frimpong E, Bulusu R, Okoro J, Inkoom A, Ndemazie N, Rogers S, Zhu X, Han B, Agyare E. Development of novel pyrimidine nucleoside analogs as potential anticancer agents: Synthesis, characterization, and In-vitro evaluation against pancreatic cancer. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 196:106754. [PMID: 38554983 PMCID: PMC11229414 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The present study proposed modification of 5-FU by conjugation with an acyl chloride and a 5-membered heterocyclic ring to improve its in-vitro cytotoxicity and metabolic stability. XYZ-I-71 and XYZ-I-73 were synthesized by introducing a tetrahydrofuran ring on 5-fluorocytosine (a precursor of 5-FU) and conjugation with octanoyl chloride and lauroyl chloride, respectively. The structure of the synthesized compounds was validated using NMR and micro-elemental analysis. The antiproliferative activity of the analogs was determined against MiaPaCa-2, PANC-1, and BxPC-3 pancreatic cancer cells. The analog's stability in human liver microsomes was quantified by HPLC. We found that the XYZ-I-73 (IC50 3.6 ± 0.4 μM) analog was most effective against MiaPaCa-2 cells compared to XYZ-I-71(IC50 12.3 ± 1.7 μM), GemHCl (IC50 24.2 ± 1.3 μM), Irinotecan (IC50 10.1 ± 1.5 μM) and 5-FU (IC50 13.2 ± 1.1 μM). The antiproliferative effects of this analog in Miapaca-2 cells is evident based on it having a 7-fold,3-fold, and 4-fold increased cytotoxic effect over Gem-HCl, Irinotecan, and 5-FU, respectively. On the other hand, XYZ-I-71 exhibited a 2-fold increased cytotoxic effect over Gem-HCl but a comparable cytotoxic effect to 5-FU and Irinotecan in MiaPaCa-2 cells. A similar trend of higher XYZ-I-73 inhibition was observed in PANC-1 and BxPC-3 cultures. For 48-h MiaPaCa-2 cell migration studies, XYZ-I-73 (5 μM) significantly reduced migration (# of migrated cells, 168 ± 2.9), followed by XYZ-I-71(315±2.1), Gem-HCl (762±3.1) and 5-FU (710 ± 3.2). PARP absorbance studies demonstrated significant inhibition of PARP expression of XYZ-I-73 treated cells compared to 5-FU, GemHCl, and XYZ-I-71. Further, BAX and p53 expressions were significantly increased in cells treated with XYZ-I-73 compared to 5-FU, GemHCl, and XYZ-I-71. In-vitro, metabolic stability studies showed that 80 ± 5.9% of XYZ-I-71 and XYZ-I-73 remained intact after 2 h exposure in liver microsomal solution compared to 5-FU. The XYZ-I-73 analog demonstrated a remarkable cytotoxic effect and improved in-vitro metabolic stability over the selected standard drugs and may have potential anticancer activity against pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Frimpong
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Raviteja Bulusu
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Joy Okoro
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Andriana Inkoom
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Nkafu Ndemazie
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, Richmond University Medical Center, Staten Island, NY, United States
| | - Sherise Rogers
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Xue Zhu
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Edward Agyare
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Martins MS, Rodrigues M, Flores-Félix JD, Garcia-Viguera C, Moreno DA, Alves G, Silva LR, Gonçalves AC. The Effect of Phenolic-Rich Extracts of Rubus fruticosus, R. ulmifolius and Morus nigra on Oxidative Stress and Caco-2 Inhibition Growth. Nutrients 2024; 16:1361. [PMID: 38732606 PMCID: PMC11085810 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, a clear interest has been given to berries due to their richness in active metabolites, including anthocyanins and non-coloured phenolics. Therefore, the main aim of the present work is to investigate the phenolic profile, antioxidant abilities, and antiproliferative effects on normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) and human colon carcinoma cell line (Caco-2) cells of phenolic-rich extracts from three red fruits highly appreciated by consumers: two species of blackberries (Rubus fruticosus and Rubus ulmifolius) and one species of mulberry (Morus nigra). A total of 19 different phenolics were identified and quantified by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MSn and HPLC-DAD, respectively. Focusing on the biological potential of the phenolic-rich extracts, all of them revealed notable scavenging abilities. Concerning the antiproliferative properties, R. fruticosus presented a cytotoxic selectivity for Caco-2 cells compared to NHDF cells. To deeper explore the biological potential, combinations with positive controls (ascorbic acid and 5-fluorouracil) were also conducted. Finally, the obtained data are another piece of evidence that the combination of phenolic-rich extracts from natural plants with positive controls may reduce clinical therapy costs and the possible toxicity of chemical drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana S. Martins
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (M.S.M.); (M.R.); (J.D.F.-F.); (G.A.)
| | - Márcio Rodrigues
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (M.S.M.); (M.R.); (J.D.F.-F.); (G.A.)
- Research Unit for Inland Development, Polytechnic Institute of Guarda (UDI-IPG), 6300-654 Guarda, Portugal
| | - José David Flores-Félix
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (M.S.M.); (M.R.); (J.D.F.-F.); (G.A.)
- Microbiology and Genetics Department, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Cristina Garcia-Viguera
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica y Alimentos Saludables (LabFAS), Department Food Science and Technology, CSIC, CEBAS, Campus Universitario 25, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (C.G.-V.); (D.A.M.)
| | - Diego A. Moreno
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica y Alimentos Saludables (LabFAS), Department Food Science and Technology, CSIC, CEBAS, Campus Universitario 25, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (C.G.-V.); (D.A.M.)
| | - Gilberto Alves
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (M.S.M.); (M.R.); (J.D.F.-F.); (G.A.)
| | - Luís R. Silva
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (M.S.M.); (M.R.); (J.D.F.-F.); (G.A.)
- SPRINT—Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center, Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
- CERES, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana C. Gonçalves
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal; (M.S.M.); (M.R.); (J.D.F.-F.); (G.A.)
- CIBIT—Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Peraza Labrador A, Shrestha A, Gonzalez M, Marin NRG, Villacis M, Kesterke M, Lopez JP, Wright J. Recurrence of Glandular Odontogenic Cysts: A Systematic Review. Head Neck Pathol 2024; 18:31. [PMID: 38637356 PMCID: PMC11026356 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-024-01637-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) is a benign developmental cyst of the jaws that is characterized by a high recurrence rate. METHODS A systematic review is presented of reported cases, case series, and retrospective studies of recurrent cases of glandular odontogenic cysts, to determine the overall and detailed demographic features with documentation of the specific histologic features of the initial presentation of each cyst. Searches of detailed databases were carried out to identify articles published in the English language from 1988 to 2023. The variables were demographics, patient symptoms, cyst location, radiographic features, histopathological findings, type of treatment, and minimum eight months of follow-up. RESULTS Eighteen cases were identified: with an equal gender presentation of 50% females and 50% males. The average age was 44.7. The mean size was 3.5 cm. The most common location was in the anterior mandible in 50% (n = 9) of cases, followed by the posterior mandible 27.8% (n = 5). Most patients were asymptomatic 55.6% (n = 10). The most common histologic features at first diagnosis were mucous cells in 88.9% (n = 16), variable thickness with 83.3% (n = 15), eosinophilic cuboidal cells 88.9% (n = 16), microcysts 83.3% (n = 15), and clear cells 77.8% (n = 14) cases. CONCLUSION GOC has an aggressive behavior. Evidence was not conclusive to link any single or combination of histologic features to recurrence, and the strongest correlation for recurrence was the type of treatment. Since this is an uncommon cyst, more cases are needed. Follow-up should continue for at least five years, because recurrences were higher between years 3 and 5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Peraza Labrador
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Texas A&M University School of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Avenue, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA.
- , Acarigua, Portuguesa, 3303, Venezuela.
| | - Ashim Shrestha
- University of New Haven, 300 Boston Post Rd, Weste Haven, Connecticut, 06516, USA
| | - Marianela Gonzalez
- Oral Surgery Department, Texas A&M University School of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Avenue, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | | | - Marcelo Villacis
- Oral Surgery Department, International University of Ecuador, Jorge Fernández S/N, Quito, 170411, Ecuador
| | - Mathew Kesterke
- Department of Orthodontics, Texas A&M University School of Dentistry, Room 718, 3302, Gaston Avenue, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | - Juan Pablo Lopez
- Oral Surgery Department, Hospital Fundación Santa Fe Bogota, Carrera 7Ma Numero 117-15, Bogota, Colombia
| | - John Wright
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Texas A&M University School of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Avenue, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Park SY, Gowda Saralamma VV, Nale SD, Kim CJ, Jo YS, Baig MH, Cho J. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of purine and pyrimidine-based KRAS G12D inhibitors: Towards potential anticancer therapy. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28495. [PMID: 38617914 PMCID: PMC11015380 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic RAS mutations, commonly observed in human tumors, affect approximately 30% of cancer cases and pose a significant challenge for effective cancer treatment. Current strategies to inhibit the KRAS G12D mutation have shown limited success, emphasizing the urgent need for new therapeutic approaches. In this study, we designed and synthesized several purine and pyrimidine analogs as inhibitors for the KRAS G12D mutation. Our synthesized compounds demonstrated potent anticancer activity against cell lines with the KRAS G12D mutation, effectively impeding their growth. They also exhibited low toxicity in normal cells, indicating their selective action against cancer cells harboring the KRAS G12D mutation. Notably, the lead compound, PU1-1 induced the programmed cell death of KRAS G12D-mutated cells and reduced the levels of active KRAS and its downstream signaling proteins. Moreover, PU1-1 significantly shrunk the tumor size in a pancreatic xenograft model induced by the KRAS G12D mutation, further validating its potential as a therapeutic agent. These findings highlight the potential of purine-based KRAS G12D inhibitors as candidates for targeted cancer therapy. However, further exploration and optimization of these compounds are essential to meet the unmet clinical needs of patients with KRAS-mutant cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- So-Youn Park
- College of Pharmacy and Drug Information Research Institute, Sookmyung Women's University, 100 Cheongpa-ro 47-gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Venu Venkatarame Gowda Saralamma
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, 211 Eonju-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - Sagar Dattatraya Nale
- BNJBiopharma, 2nd Floor Memorial Hall, 85, Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Joong Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Seong Jo
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, 211 Eonju-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammad Hassan Baig
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, 211 Eonju-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - JungHwan Cho
- College of Pharmacy and Drug Information Research Institute, Sookmyung Women's University, 100 Cheongpa-ro 47-gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kunachowicz D, Król-Kulikowska M, Raczycka W, Sleziak J, Błażejewska M, Kulbacka J. Heat Shock Proteins, a Double-Edged Sword: Significance in Cancer Progression, Chemotherapy Resistance and Novel Therapeutic Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1500. [PMID: 38672583 PMCID: PMC11048091 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are involved in one of the adaptive mechanisms protecting cells against environmental and metabolic stress. Moreover, the large role of these proteins in the carcinogenesis process, as well as in chemoresistance, was noticed. This review aims to draw attention to the possibilities of using Hsps in developing new cancer therapy methods, as well as to indicate directions for future research on this topic. In order to discuss this matter, a thorough review of the latest scientific literature was carried out, taking into account the importance of selected proteins from the Hsp family, including Hsp27, Hsp40, Hsp60, Hsp70, Hsp90 and Hsp110. One of the more characteristic features of all Hsps is that they play a multifaceted role in cancer progression, which makes them an obvious target for modern anticancer therapy. Some researchers emphasize the importance of directly inhibiting the action of these proteins. In turn, others point to their possible use in the design of cancer vaccines, which would work by inducing an immune response in various types of cancer. Due to these possibilities, it is believed that the use of Hsps may contribute to the progress of oncoimmunology, and thus help in the development of modern anticancer therapies, which would be characterized by higher effectiveness and lower toxicity to the patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Kunachowicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (D.K.); (M.K.-K.)
| | - Magdalena Król-Kulikowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (D.K.); (M.K.-K.)
| | - Wiktoria Raczycka
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (W.R.); (J.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Jakub Sleziak
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (W.R.); (J.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Marta Błażejewska
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (W.R.); (J.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Immunology and Bioelectrochemistry, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine Santariškių g. 5, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
- DIVE IN AI, 53-307 Wroclaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Cao W, Zhang X, Li R, Li Z, Lu A, Yu F, Sun L, Wang J, Wang Z, He H. Lipid core-shell nanoparticles co-deliver FOLFOX regimen and siPD-L1 for synergistic targeted cancer treatment. J Control Release 2024; 368:52-65. [PMID: 38368946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
FOLFOX regimen, composed of folinic acid, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and oxaliplatin (OXP), has been used as clinical standard therapeutic regimen in treatments of colorectal cancer (CRC) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). To further improve its therapeutic outcomes, FOLFOX was combined with anti-PD-1 antibody to form an advanced chemo-immune combination strategy, which has been proven more efficient in controlling cancer progression and prolonging patients' survival in various clinical trials. However, bad tumor accumulation, relative high toxicity, numerous treatment cycles with high fees and low compliance as well as drug resistance seriously limit the prognosis of FOLFOX regimen. The "all-in-one" formulations, which could precisely delivery multidrug regimen into tumor sites and cells, showed a promising application prospect for targeted drug delivery as well as reducing side effects. However, the design and preparation of the "all-in-one" formulation with high drug encapsulation efficiencies for all drugs was still challenging. Herein, a lipid core-shell nanoparticle codelivery platform was designed for simultaneous encapsulation of variant FOLFOX composed of miriplatin (MiPt), 5-Fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine 5'-monophosphate (FdUMP), calcium folinate (CF) and PD-L1 siRNA (siPD-L1) with high efficiencies, and their synergistic anti-tumor mechanisms were studied, respectively. MiPt, a precursor of OXP, was validated capable of inducing efficient immunogenic cell death (ICD) in this work. Additionally, ICD-mediated release of damage associated molecular patterns functionalized synergistically with PD-L1 silence by siPD-L1 to overcome chemoresistance, reverse suppressive tumor microenvironment and recruit more CD8+ T cells. FdUMP, as the intracellular active form of 5-FU, could induce large amounts of reactive oxygen species to enhance the ICD. CF worked as the sensitizer of FdUMP. The enhanced long-term anti-tumor effect of the prepared "all-in-one" formulation compared to free drug regimen and other controls, was verified in heterotopic CRC mice models and ESCC mice models, providing new thoughts for researchers and showing a promising prospect of translation into clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiran Cao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Rui Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Zijie Li
- Department of Immuno-oncology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - An Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
| | - Lu Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jiancheng Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Zhiyu Wang
- Department of Immuno-oncology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China.
| | - Huining He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Nahm WJ, Badiavas EV, Kirsner RS, Boyd CJ, Arthur AA, Bae S, Shen J. Atypical Fibroxanthoma Treated with a Topical Combination of Imiquimod, Tazarotene, and 5-Fluorouracil. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2024; 14:1049-1056. [PMID: 38467988 PMCID: PMC11052744 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-024-01127-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This case report describes an 80-year-old man who presented with a growing erythematous nodule with erosion, measuring 0.6 cm × 0.6 cm, on his right temple. This lesion was later diagnosed as atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX). Instead of undergoing Mohs surgery, the gold standard treatment, the patient opted to pursue a topical treatment regimen because of financial costs associated with surgical removal and repair. This topical regimen consisted of tazarotene cream, imiquimod cream, and 5-fluorouracil solution, applied for 30 days. The patient was directed to use this combination 5 days per week for 6 weeks. The specified dosage for each medication was a fifth of a packet of imiquimod 5% cream, an equivalent amount of tazarotene 0.1% cream, and a single drop of 5-fluorouracil 2% solution. These were combined on a bandage and placed on the lesion overnight. Following the treatment, a 3-week post-application examination revealed an erosion, 1.0 cm × 0.9 cm, amidst erythema. A subsequent incisional biopsy with histopathology and stains for CD10 and CD99, 3 weeks after treatment, and three punch biopsies with histopathology and stains for CD10 and CD99, 1-year post-treatment, confirmed the absence of AFX. AFX is a superficial variant of pleomorphic dermal sarcoma (PDS), which shares histologic similarities, yet the exact relationship between AFX/PDS and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma is still not well understood. Previous studies have indicated a genomic similarity between AFX/PDS and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), which suggests the potential efficacy of cSCC-targeted treatments for AFX/PDS. This case marks the first recorded instance of successful topical medical treatment of AFX, offering an alternative for patients who may opt out of surgical intervention. Continued research to assess the broader efficacy of this approach is encouraged.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William J Nahm
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Evangelos V Badiavas
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Robert S Kirsner
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Carter J Boyd
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anita A Arthur
- Department of Dermatology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sean Bae
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - John Shen
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kurasaka C, Nishizawa N, Ogino Y, Sato A. Anticancer sensitivity and biological aspect of 5-fluorouracil-resistant human colorectal cancer HCT116 cells in three-dimensional culture under high- and low-glucose conditions. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38555594 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2024.2332414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a commonly used anticancer drug for colorectal cancer (CRC). Therefore, it is crucial to elucidate the mechanisms that contribute to 5-FU resistance. We established an acquired 5-FU resistant cell line, HCT116RF10, derived from CRC cells and investigated its energy metabolism as well as the underlying mechanism of 5-FU resistance. We examined the sensitivity to 5-FU and the formation of tumor spheres in parental HCT116 cells and 5-FU-resistant HCT116RF10 cells under 3D culture conditions at high-glucose (HG 25 mM) and low-glucose (LG 5.5 mM) concentrations. These results suggested that the tumor spheres of parental HCT116 cells displayed higher sensitivity to 5-FU under LG conditions than under HG conditions. HCT116RF10 tumor spheres exhibited comparable sensitivity to 5-FU under HG and LG conditions. Furthermore, under HG conditions, there was a marked decrease in extracellular lactate in the HCT116RF10 tumor sphere compared to that in the LG tumor sphere. Similarly, HCT116 tumor spheres showed decreased extracellular lactate levels under LG conditions compared to those grown under HG conditions. Moreover, the evidence reveals that the tumor spheres of HCT116RF10 and HCT116 cells exhibit disparate dependencies on energy metabolism, glycolysis, and mitochondrial respiration under both HG and LG conditions. These results have important clinical implications for overcoming 5-FU resistance and enhancing antitumor treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chinatsu Kurasaka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nana Nishizawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoko Ogino
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akira Sato
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Gerault MA, Granjeaud S, Camoin L, Nordlund P, Dai L. IMPRINTS.CETSA and IMPRINTS.CETSA.app: an R package and a Shiny application for the analysis and interpretation of IMPRINTS-CETSA data. Brief Bioinform 2024; 25:bbae128. [PMID: 38557673 PMCID: PMC10982947 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbae128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
IMPRINTS-CETSA (Integrated Modulation of Protein Interaction States-Cellular Thermal Shift Assay) provides a highly resolved means to systematically study the interactions of proteins with other cellular components, including metabolites, nucleic acids and other proteins, at the proteome level, but no freely available and user-friendly data analysis software has been reported. Here, we report IMPRINTS.CETSA, an R package that provides the basic data processing framework for robust analysis of the IMPRINTS-CETSA data format, from preprocessing and normalization to visualization. We also report an accompanying R package, IMPRINTS.CETSA.app, which offers a user-friendly Shiny interface for analysis and interpretation of IMPRINTS-CETSA results, with seamless features such as functional enrichment and mapping to other databases at a single site. For the hit generation part, the diverse behaviors of protein modulations have been typically segregated with a two-measure scoring method, i.e. the abundance and thermal stability changes. We present a new algorithm to classify modulated proteins in IMPRINTS-CETSA experiments by a robust single-measure scoring. In this way, both the numerical changes and the statistical significances of the IMPRINTS information can be visualized on a single plot. The IMPRINTS.CETSA and IMPRINTS.CETSA.app R packages are freely available on GitHub at https://github.com/nkdailingyun/IMPRINTS.CETSA and https://github.com/mgerault/IMPRINTS.CETSA.app, respectively. IMPRINTS.CETSA.app is also available as an executable program at https://zenodo.org/records/10636134.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc-Antoine Gerault
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille Protéomique, F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - Samuel Granjeaud
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille Protéomique, F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - Luc Camoin
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille Protéomique, F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - Pär Nordlund
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, 138673, Singapore
| | - Lingyun Dai
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, 138673, Singapore
- Department of Geriatrics, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518020, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Manoharan JP, Palanisamy H, Vidyalakshmi S. Overcoming multi drug resistance mediated by ABC transporters by a novel acetogenin- annonacin from Annona muricata L. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 322:117598. [PMID: 38113989 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Multi-Drug Resistance (MDR), mediated by P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is one of the barriers to successful chemotherapy in colon cancer patients. Annona muricata L. (A.muricata), commonly known as soursop/Graviola, is a medicinal plant that has been traditionally used in treating diverse diseases including cancer. Phytochemicals of A.muricata (Annonaceous Acetogenins-AGEs) have been well-reported for their anti-cancer effects on various cancers. AIM OF THE STUDY The study aimed to examine the effect of AGEs in reversing MDR in colorectal cancer cells. METHODS Based on molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation, the stability of annonacin upon P-gp was investigated. Further in vitro studies were carried in oxaliplatin-resistant human colon cancer cells (SW480R) to study the biological effect of annonacin, in reversing drug resistance in these cells. RESULTS Molecular docking and simulation studies have indicated that annonacin stably interacted at the drug binding site of P-gp. In vitro analysis showed that annonacin was able to significantly reduce the expression of P-gp by 2.56 folds. It also induced apoptosis in the drug-resistant colon cancer cells. Moreover, the intracellular accumulation of P-gp substrate (calcein-AM) was observed to increase in resistant cells upon treatment with annonacin. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that annonacin could inhibit the efflux of chemotherapeutic drugs mediated by P-gp and thereby help in reversing MDR in colon cancer cells. Further in vivo studies are required to decipher the underlying mechanism of annonacin in treating MDR cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeevitha Priya Manoharan
- Department of Biotechnology, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Hema Palanisamy
- Department of Biotechnology, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Park SM, Kim DY, Lee KH, Shin YI, Han SC, Kwon SM. Anti-Tumor Efficacy of Oleuropein-Loaded ZnO/Au Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle in 5-FU-Resistant Colorectal Cancer Cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:2675-2690. [PMID: 38505168 PMCID: PMC10948330 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s439392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is a first-line chemotherapeutic agent used to treat colorectal cancer (CRC). However, 5-FU induces drug resistance and activation of cancer stem cells (CSCs). In the present study, we designed a novel biocompatible nanomedicine system with high efficacy and biocompatibility by synthesizing mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN)-structured ZnO and gold ions. Oleuropein (OLP) is a phenolic compound derived from olive leaves that exerts anti-cancer effects. Therefore, we synthesized OLP-loaded ZnO/Au MSNs (ZnO/Au/OLP MSNs) and examined their anti-cancer effects on 5-FU-resistant CRC cells. Methods ZnO/Au MSNs were synthesized and functionalized, and their physical and chemical compositions were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Their effects were assessed in terms of cellular proliferation capacity, migration and invasion ability, colony-forming ability, spheroid-forming ability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and mitochondrial membrane depolarization. Results ZnO/Au MSNs were mostly composed of various ions containing ZnO and gold ions, had a spheroid phenotype, and exhibited no cytotoxicity. ZnO/Au/OLP MSNs reduced cell viability and CSC formation and induced apoptosis of 5-FU-resistant CRC cells via necrosis via ROS accumulation and DNA fragmentation. Conclusion ZnO/Au/OLP MSNs exhibited anti-cancer activity by upregulating necrosis. These results revealed that ZnO/Au/OLP MSNs are a novel drug delivery system for 5-FU CRC therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Mi Park
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- BK21 GRAND Convergence Medical Science Education Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Da Yeon Kim
- Genetic & Epigenetic Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Hyeon Lee
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Il Shin
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Cheol Han
- CEN Co., Ltd. Nanoconvergence Center, Muan-ro, Miryang, 761, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Mo Kwon
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- BK21 GRAND Convergence Medical Science Education Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Al-Nasrawi H, Shalan N, Abualsoud BM, Nsairat H. Preparation, characterization and in vitro evaluation of 5-fluorouracil loaded into chitosan-acacia gum nanoparticles. Ther Deliv 2024; 15:339-353. [PMID: 38469691 PMCID: PMC11160445 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2023-0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: In this study, we prepared, characterized and in vitro evaluated a 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-loaded chitosan-acacia gum nanoparticles. Methods: Nanoparticles were characterized for their size, charge, morphology and encapsulation efficiency (EE%) followed by cellular investigations against HT-29 colon cancer cell line. Results: The nanoparticles exhibited a spherical morphological size with 94.42% EE%. Free 5-FU showed a fast and fully cumulative release after 6 h while 5-FU loaded into CS-AG NPs showed good entrapment and slow, prolonged 5-FU release even after 24 h. Enhanced IC50 for the 5-FU loaded NPs compared with free 5-FU against HT-29 colon cancer cell line was reported with high selectivity compared with normal fibroblast cells. Conclusion: 5-FU loaded NPs is promising nano-therapy against colon cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Al-Nasrawi
- Pharmacological & Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Naeem Shalan
- Pharmacological & Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Bassam M Abualsoud
- Pharmacological & Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Hamdi Nsairat
- Pharmacological & Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Mei H, Wang N, Wu D, Rong Q, Bai X, Huang X, Zhou L, Wang T, Hao H. Novel Pharmaceutical Cocrystals of Tegafur: Synthesis, Performance, and Theoretical Studies. Pharm Res 2024; 41:577-593. [PMID: 38291166 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-024-03668-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tegafur (TF) is one of the most important clinical antitumor drugs with poor water solubility, severely reducing its bioavailability. This work develops new cocrystals to improve the solubility of TF and systematically investigates the intermolecular interactions to provide new insights into the formation of cocrystal and changes in physicochemical properties. METHOD In this paper, two new 1:1 cocrystals of TF with 2,4 dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,4HBA) and p-nitrophenol (PNP) were synthesized. The cocrystal products were identified and characterized by various solid state analysis techniques. And the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was conducted to determine the solubility and dissolution rate of TF and cocrystals. Moreover, the quantum chemistry calculations of crystal structure provided theoretical support for the results. RESULT Compared with pure TF, the solubility and dissolution rate of TF-2,4HBA is significantly increased in a pH 6.8 buffer at 37°C. Under accelerated storage conditions (40°C, 75% RH), all cocrystal exhibits excellent stability over 8 weeks. Hirshfeld surface (HS) analysis, atoms in molecules (AIM) analysis, interaction region indicator (IRI) analysis, molecular electrostatic potential surface (MEPS) analysis and frontier molecular orbital (HOMO-LUMO) analysis were integrated to understand the hydrogen bonding interaction more comprehensively. The simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental data. The results show that the analysis of physical and chemical properties of TF-PNP cocrystal and TF crystal by quantum chemistry method is reliable at molecular level. CONCLUSION These results are helpful to provide guiding methods in the cocrystal development and theoretical study of tegafur.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Mei
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Di Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Rong
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Bai
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxun Hao
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
McDonald SM, Neidenbach PJ. Intralesional 5-Fluorouracil in the Treatment of Squamous Cell Carcinoma in an Elderly Patient. Cureus 2024; 16:e55855. [PMID: 38590475 PMCID: PMC11001315 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second leading form of skin cancer. In the elderly population, surgery may carry more risk and significant morbidity in comparison to less invasive forms of treatment. This case report describes the successful use of intralesional 5-fluorouracil (IL5-FU) to treat cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). A 98-year-old white woman presented in early May 2017 with a 3.5-cm rapidly growing crusted nodule on her left proximal-lateral arm. She had a past medical history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, atrial fibrillation, and heart failure. The patient also had a frail body habitus and weighed 80 pounds. Physical examination revealed a large, ulcerated, crateriform mass on the left proximal-lateral arm. A shave biopsy was performed, which revealed a well-differentiated SCC, composed of nodular masses of neoplastic squamous cells with atypical nuclei, keratin pearl formation, and scattered mitotic figures with surrounding fibrosis and inflammation. The patient was wheelchair-bound and oxygen-dependent and, thus, not considered a good surgical or radiation candidate. Treatment was decided with 5-fluorouracil. At a four-week follow-up appointment, there was no visible or palpable evidence of the tumor. There was no sign of recurrence at three months, indicating treatment success. The patient later died due to cardiac arrest in September 2017. The elderly population with cSCC can benefit from intervention and treatment with IL5-FU when surgery is not an option due to patient comorbidities. IL5-FU can potentially be used in areas where access to a dermatologist, surgeon, or surgical services is limited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M McDonald
- Department of Dermatology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Spartanburg, USA
| | - Peter J Neidenbach
- Department of Dermatology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Spartanburg, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Nowdehi J, Mosaddegh E, Khaksar S, Torkzadeh-Mahani M, Beihaghi M, Yazdani M. Synthesis, in silico studies, and in vitro biological evaluation of newly-designed 5-amino-1 H-tetrazole-linked 5-fluorouracil analog as a potential antigastric-cancer agent. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-19. [PMID: 38385480 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2318480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5FU) is a chemotherapy drug used to treat various cancers, such as colorectal, prostate, skin, pancreas, and stomach, as an ointment or solution. However, its consumption has several side effects. Therefore, a new derivative of fluorouracil containing 5-Amino-1H-tetrazole was designed and synthesized through multi-step synthesis to reduce urea excretion and toxicity. The effectiveness of the synthesized drug on the Adenocarcinoma gastric cell line (AGS) gastric cancer cell line was evaluated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test, which showed that the new 5-fluorouracil (5FU) analog, with an IC50 of 15.67 µg/mL, is more effective in inhibiting the proliferation of AGS cells after 24 h compared to both synthesized and reported 5FU. In addition, In-silico studies showed that the new 5FU derivative based on amino tetrazole, with a binding energy of -7.2 kcal/mol, exhibits greater anti-cancer activity against the BCL2 enzyme than 5FU, with a binding energy of - 4.8 kcal/mol. It is predicted that the new 5FU derivative will be effective in treating gastric and colorectal cancers. The new derivative of the 5-fluorouracil drug was characterized and identified using FTIR and NMR spectroscopy.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javad Nowdehi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
| | - Elaheh Mosaddegh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
- Department of New Materials, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
| | - Samad Khaksar
- School of Science and Technology, The University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Masoud Torkzadeh-Mahani
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maria Beihaghi
- Deartment of Biology, Kavian Institute of Higher Education, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Yazdani
- Laboratory of Bioinformatic and Drug Design, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Marotta C, Cirri D, Kanavos I, Ronga L, Lobinski R, Funaioli T, Giacomelli C, Barresi E, Trincavelli ML, Marzo T, Pratesi A. Oxaliplatin(IV) Prodrugs Functionalized with Gemcitabine and Capecitabine Induce Blockage of Colorectal Cancer Cell Growth-An Investigation of the Activation Mechanism and Their Nanoformulation. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:278. [PMID: 38399332 PMCID: PMC10892879 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of platinum-based anticancer drugs, such as cisplatin, oxaliplatin, and carboplatin, is a common frontline option in cancer management, but they have debilitating side effects and can lead to drug resistance. Combination therapy with other chemotherapeutic agents, such as capecitabine and gemcitabine, has been explored. One approach to overcome these limitations is the modification of traditional Pt(II) drugs to obtain new molecules with an improved pharmacological profile, such as Pt(IV) prodrugs. The design, synthesis, and characterization of two novel Pt(IV) prodrugs based on oxaliplatin bearing the anticancer drugs gemcitabine or capecitabine in the axial positions have been reported. These complexes were able to dissociate into their constituents to promote cell death and induce apoptosis and cell cycle blockade in a representative colorectal cancer cell model. Specifically, the complex bearing gemcitabine resulted in being the most active on the HCT116 colorectal cancer cell line with an IC50 value of 0.49 ± 0.04. A pilot study on the encapsulation of these complexes in biocompatible PLGA-PEG nanoparticles is also included to confirm the retention of the pharmacological properties and cellular drug uptake, opening up to the possible delivery of the studied complexes through their nanoformulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Marotta
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (C.M.); (T.F.)
| | - Damiano Cirri
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (C.M.); (T.F.)
| | - Ioannis Kanavos
- Institute of Analytical and Physical Chemistry for the Environment and Materials (IPREM-UMR 5254), Pau University, E2S UPPA, CNRS, 64053 Pau, France; (I.K.); (L.R.); (R.L.)
| | - Luisa Ronga
- Institute of Analytical and Physical Chemistry for the Environment and Materials (IPREM-UMR 5254), Pau University, E2S UPPA, CNRS, 64053 Pau, France; (I.K.); (L.R.); (R.L.)
| | - Ryszard Lobinski
- Institute of Analytical and Physical Chemistry for the Environment and Materials (IPREM-UMR 5254), Pau University, E2S UPPA, CNRS, 64053 Pau, France; (I.K.); (L.R.); (R.L.)
| | - Tiziana Funaioli
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (C.M.); (T.F.)
| | - Chiara Giacomelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.G.); (E.B.); (M.L.T.); (T.M.)
| | - Elisabetta Barresi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.G.); (E.B.); (M.L.T.); (T.M.)
| | | | - Tiziano Marzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.G.); (E.B.); (M.L.T.); (T.M.)
| | - Alessandro Pratesi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (C.M.); (T.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ortega Duran M, Shaheed SU, Sutton CW, Shnyder SD. A Proteomic Investigation to Discover Candidate Proteins Involved in Novel Mechanisms of 5-Fluorouracil Resistance in Colorectal Cancer. Cells 2024; 13:342. [PMID: 38391955 PMCID: PMC10886605 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the main obstacles to therapeutic success in colorectal cancer (CRC) is the development of acquired resistance to treatment with drugs such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Whilst some resistance mechanisms are well known, it is clear from the stasis in therapy success rate that much is still unknown. Here, a proteomics approach is taken towards identification of candidate proteins using 5-FU-resistant sublines of human CRC cell lines generated in house. Using a multiplexed stable isotope labelling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) strategy, 5-FU-resistant and equivalently passaged sensitive cell lines were compared to parent cell lines by growing in Heavy medium with 2D liquid chromatography and Orbitrap Fusion™ Tribrid™ Mass Spectrometry analysis. Among 3003 commonly quantified proteins, six (CD44, APP, NAGLU, CORO7, AGR2, PLSCR1) were found up-regulated, and six (VPS45, RBMS2, RIOK1, RAP1GDS1, POLR3D, CD55) down-regulated. A total of 11 of the 12 proteins have a known association with drug resistance mechanisms or role in CRC oncogenesis. Validation through immunodetection techniques confirmed high expression of CD44 and CD63, two known drug resistance mediators with elevated proteomics expression results. The information revealed by the sensitivity of this method warrants it as an important tool for elaborating the complexity of acquired drug resistance in CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Ortega Duran
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Sadr Ul Shaheed
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9BQ, UK
| | | | - Steven D Shnyder
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Safaiee R, Aminzadeh H, Sardarian AR, Nasresfahani S, Sheikhi MH. A high loading nanocarrier for the 5-fluorouracil anticancer drug based on chloromethylated graphene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:6410-6419. [PMID: 38315790 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04211a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
In the present work, we report a facile and simple strategy to functionalize graphene with the chloromethyl (CH2Cl) functional group as a nanoplatform for effectual loading of the 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) anticancer drug. To achieve the highest loading capacity, hydrochloric acid concentration, the quantity of paraformaldehyde, ultrasonic treatment time, and stirring duration were all carefully optimized. The results revealed that the optimum conditions for functionalizing graphene were obtained at 70 mL of hydrochloric acid, 700 mg of paraformaldehyde, and times of 35 min and 2 h of ultrasonication and stirring. Later, the drug (5-FU) was loaded onto CH2Cl-functionalized graphene through hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions. The chemical structure of the functionalized material and the loading of the 5-FU drug were confirmed by FTIR analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The 5-FU loading capacity of as-prepared materials was determined using the ion chromatography instrument. Our findings demonstrate that chloromethylated graphene is a very excellent nano-platform for high-efficiency drug loading, yielding a loading capacity of 52.3%, comparatively higher than pure graphene (36.54%).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Safaiee
- Faculty of Advanced Technologies, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - H Aminzadeh
- Faculty of Advanced Technologies, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - A R Sardarian
- Chemistry Department, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz 7146713565, Iran
| | - Sh Nasresfahani
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Group, Golpayegan College of Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Golpayegan 87717-67498, Iran
| | - M H Sheikhi
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Priyadarshinee M, Dehury B, Mishra S, Jena C, Patra M, Mishra NK, Samanta L, Mallick BC. Spectroscopic insights with molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation studies of anticancer drug 5-Fluorouracil targeting human pyruvate kinase m2. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38345048 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2313158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
This study was conducted to test the efficacy of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) as an anticancer drug against the human pyruvate kinase isozyme M2 (PKM2) using spectroscopic, molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation studies. PKM2 fluorescence quenching studies in the presence of 5-FU performed at three different temperatures indicates dynamic quenching processes with single-set of binding (n ≈ 1) profile. The biomolecular quenching constants (kq) and the effective binding constants (Kb) obtained are shown to increase with temperature. The calculated enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy changes (ΔS) are estimated to be -118.06 kJ/mol and 146.14 kJ/mol/K respectively, which suggest the possible mode of interaction as electrostatic and hydrogen bonding. Further, these values were used to estimate the free energy changes (ΔG) and that increases with temperature. The negative ΔG values clearly indicates spontaneous binding process that stabilizes the complex formed between 5-FU and PKM2. Far-UV CD spectra of PKM2 in the presence of 5-FU shows decrease in α-helix contents which point towards the destabilization of secondary structure that weakens the biological activity of PKM2. The intrinsic fluorescence study and circular dichroism (CD) spectra showed minor conformational changes of PKM2 in the presence of 5-FU. Additionally, the results obtained from molecular docking and all-atom molecular dynamic simulation study supports the insight of the spectroscopic binding studies, and strengthens the dynamic stability of the complex between 5-FU and PKM2 through H-bonding. This study establishes a paradigm of 5-FU-PKM2 complexation and the efficacy of 5-FU that compromises the biological activity of the targeted PKM2.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Budheswar Dehury
- Bioinformatics Division, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Nalco Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sarbani Mishra
- Bioinformatics Division, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Nalco Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, India
| | | | | | - Neeraj K Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM University, Vishakhapatnam, India
| | - Luna Samanta
- Department of Zoology, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, India
| | - Bairagi C Mallick
- Department of Chemistry, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, India
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, India
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Alalikhan A, Ebrahimi S, Aliee A, Mirzavi F, Hashemy SI. The combined anti-tumor effects of 5-fluorouracil and neurokinin receptor inhibitor, aprepitant, against colorectal cancer: In vitro and in vivo study. Med Oncol 2024; 41:70. [PMID: 38340190 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02312-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the world's largest health concerns with growing global incidence and mortality. The potential value of the neurokinin-1 receptor as a therapeutic target has been reported in several tumor types, including CRC. Here we examined the potential anti-tumor effects of a clinically approved neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist, aprepitant, alone and its combination with 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) as a first choice CRC chemotherapeutic drug, in both in vitro and in vivo models of CRC. METHODS MTT assay was employed for assessing cell proliferation. mRNA expression levels were determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Flow cytometric analysis of apoptosis was performed using an Annexin-V/propidium iodide assay kit. We finally conducted an in vivo experiment in a mouse model of CRC to confirm the in vitro antiproliferative activity of aprepitant and 5-FU. RESULTS We found that aprepitant and 5-FU significantly reduced CRC cell viability. The combination of drugs exhibited potent synergistic growth inhibitory effects on CRC cells. Moreover, aprepitant and 5-FU induced apoptosis and altered the levels of apoptotic genes (up-regulation of Bax, and p53 along with downregulation of Bcl-2). Importantly, the aprepitant and 5-FU combination showed a more pronounced impact on apoptosis and associated genes than either of the agents alone. Furthermore, aprepitant reduced tumor growth in vivo and led to significantly longer survival time, and this effect was more prominent when using the aprepitant and 5-FU combination. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, combinatory treatment with aprepitant and 5-FU potentially exerts synergistic growth inhibition and apoptosis induction in CRC, deserving further consideration as a novel strategy for CRC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Alalikhan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Safieh Ebrahimi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Aliee
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Khomeini and Mohammad Kermanshahi and Farabi Hospitals, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farshad Mirzavi
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Seyed Isaac Hashemy
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Rajaeinejad M, Parhizkar-Roudsari P, Khoshfetrat M, Kazemi-Galougahi MH, Mosaed R, Arjmand R, Mohsenizadeh SA, Arjmand B. Management of Fluoropyrimidine-Induced Cardiac Adverse Outcomes Following Cancer Treatment. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2024; 24:184-198. [PMID: 38324115 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-024-09834-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Advancements in cancer treatments have improved survival rates but have also led to increased cardiotoxicities, which can cause adverse cardiovascular events or worsen pre-existing conditions. Herein, cardiotoxicity is a severe adverse effect of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) therapy in cancer patients, with reported incidence rates ranging from 1 to 20%. Some studies have also suggested subclinical effects and there are reports which have documented instances of cardiac arrest or sudden death during 5-FU treatment, highlighting the importance of timely management of cardiovascular symptoms. However, despite being treated with conventional medical approaches for this cardiotoxicity, a subset of patients has demonstrated suboptimal or insufficient responses. The frequent use of 5-FU in chemotherapy and its association with significant morbidity and mortality indicates the need for a greater understanding of 5-FU-associated cardiotoxicity. It is essential to reduce the adverse effects of anti-tumor medications while preserving their efficacy, which can be achieved through drugs that mitigate toxicity associated with these drugs. Underpinning cardiotoxicity associated with 5-FU therapy also has the potential to offer valuable guidance in pinpointing pharmacological approaches that can be employed to prevent or ameliorate these effects. The present study provides an overview of management strategies for cardiac events induced by fluoropyrimidine-based cancer treatments. The review encompasses the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms of cardiotoxicity, associated risk factors, and diagnostic methods. Additionally, we provide information on several available treatments and drug choices for angina resulting from 5-FU exposure, including nicorandil, ranolazine, trimetazidine, ivabradine, and sacubitril-valsartan, which have demonstrated potential in mitigating or protecting against chemotherapy-induced adverse cardiac effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Rajaeinejad
- AJA Cancer Epidemiology Research and Treatment Center (AJA-CERTC), AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peyvand Parhizkar-Roudsari
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Iranian Cancer Control Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Khoshfetrat
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Reza Mosaed
- Infection Diseases Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasta Arjmand
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Babak Arjmand
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Panjeta A, Kaur K, Sharma R, Verma I, Preet S. Human Intestinal Defensin 5 Ameliorates the Sensitization of Colonic Cancer Cells to 5-Fluorouracil. Arch Med Res 2024; 55:102966. [PMID: 38330831 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.102966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The increasing dilemma of multidrug-resistant cancer cells in response to currently available chemotherapeutic drugs and their associated side effect(s), calls for the investigation of alternative anticancer advances and molecules. Therefore, the present study aimed to elucidate the combinatorial potential against colon cancer of human defensin 5 in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and against 5-FU resistant colon tumor cells. METHODS The in vivo combinatorial potential of HD-5 with 5-FU was elucidated in terms of tumor morphometrics, apoptosis assay, surface morphology histology of the colon(s), and transcriptional alterations. Changes in membrane dynamics with mucin expression were evaluated by fluorescence microscopy and histochemistry. The in vitro activity of the peptide/drug conjunction was explored by phase contrast microscopy, MTT, LDH assay, and AO/EtBr staining. Chemoresistance to 5-FU was determined by phase contrast microscopy, MTT assay, annexin V-FITC/PI flow cytometry, and MDR-1, Bak, and Bax expression. RESULTS In vivo decreases in tumor parameters, with a marked increase in apoptosis and neutrophil infiltrations indicated restoration of normal architecture with improved mucin content in the treated colons. This happened with substantial changes in key molecular markers of the intrinsic apoptotic cascade. Membrane dynamics revealed that peptides and chemotherapeutic drugs could bind to cancerous cells by taking advantage of altered levels of membrane fluidity. CONCLUSION Peptide treatment of drug-resistant Caco-2 cells promotes enhanced 5-FU uptake, in contrast to when cells were treated with 5-FU alone. Hence, HD-5 as an adjunct to 5-FU, exhibited strong cancer cell killing even against 5-FU-resistant tumorigenic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anshul Panjeta
- Department of Biophysics, BMS Block II, South Campus, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Khushpreet Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry, Research Block-A, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rinkle Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Research Block-A, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Indu Verma
- Department of Biochemistry, Research Block-A, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Simran Preet
- Department of Biophysics, BMS Block II, South Campus, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Scianò F, Terrana F, Pecoraro C, Parrino B, Cascioferro S, Diana P, Giovannetti E, Carbone D. Exploring the therapeutic potential of focal adhesion kinase inhibition in overcoming chemoresistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Future Med Chem 2024; 16:271-289. [PMID: 38269431 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is among the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase often overexpressed in PDAC. FAK has been linked to cell migration, survival, proliferation, angiogenesis and adhesion. This review first highlights the chemoresistant nature of PDAC. Second, the role of FAK in PDAC cancer progression and resistance is carefully described. Additionally, it discusses recent developments of FAK inhibitors as valuable drugs in the treatment of PDAC, with a focus on diamine-substituted-2,4-pyrimidine-based compounds, which represent the most potent class of FAK inhibitors in clinical trials for the treatment of PDAC disease. To conclude, relevant computational studies performed on FAK inhibitors are reported to highlight the key structural features required for interaction with the protein, with the aim of optimizing this novel targeted therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Scianò
- Department of Biological, Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, Palermo, 90123, Italy
| | - Francesca Terrana
- Department of Biological, Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, Palermo, 90123, Italy
| | - Camilla Pecoraro
- Department of Biological, Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, Palermo, 90123, Italy
| | - Barbara Parrino
- Department of Biological, Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, Palermo, 90123, Italy
| | - Stella Cascioferro
- Department of Biological, Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, Palermo, 90123, Italy
| | - Patrizia Diana
- Department of Biological, Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, Palermo, 90123, Italy
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUmc) De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, 1081HV, The Netherlands
- Cancer Pharmacology Lab, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, Via Ferruccio Giovannini 13, San Giuliano Terme, Pisa, 56017, Italy
| | - Daniela Carbone
- Department of Biological, Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, Palermo, 90123, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Dougherty BV, Moore CJ, Rawls KD, Jenior ML, Chun B, Nagdas S, Saucerman JJ, Kolling GL, Wallqvist A, Papin JA. Identifying metabolic adaptations characteristic of cardiotoxicity using paired transcriptomics and metabolomics data integrated with a computational model of heart metabolism. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1011919. [PMID: 38422168 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Improvements in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer have revealed long-term side effects of chemotherapeutics, particularly cardiotoxicity. Here, we present paired transcriptomics and metabolomics data characterizing in vitro cardiotoxicity to three compounds: 5-fluorouracil, acetaminophen, and doxorubicin. Standard gene enrichment and metabolomics approaches identify some commonly affected pathways and metabolites but are not able to readily identify metabolic adaptations in response to cardiotoxicity. The paired data was integrated with a genome-scale metabolic network reconstruction of the heart to identify shifted metabolic functions, unique metabolic reactions, and changes in flux in metabolic reactions in response to these compounds. Using this approach, we confirm previously seen changes in the p53 pathway by doxorubicin and RNA synthesis by 5-fluorouracil, we find evidence for an increase in phospholipid metabolism in response to acetaminophen, and we see a shift in central carbon metabolism suggesting an increase in metabolic demand after treatment with doxorubicin and 5-fluorouracil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie V Dougherty
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Connor J Moore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Kristopher D Rawls
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Matthew L Jenior
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Bryan Chun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Sarbajeet Nagdas
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey J Saucerman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Glynis L Kolling
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Anders Wallqvist
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jason A Papin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Mishra T, Gautam A, Ingle J, Basu S. Chimeric Small Molecules for Detouring Drugs into Mitochondria to Engender Apoptosis in Cancer Cells. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300603. [PMID: 37934785 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrion has appeared as one of the important targets for anti-cancer therapy. Subsequently, small molecule anti-cancer drugs are directed to the mitochondria for improved therapeutic efficacy. However, simultaneous imaging and impairing mitochondria by a single probe remained a major challenge. To address this, herein Chimeric Small Molecules (CSMs) encompassing drugs, fluorophore and mitochondria homing moiety were designed and synthesized through a concise strategy. Screening of the CSMs in a panel of cancer cell lines (HeLa, MCF7, A549, and HCT-116) revealed that one of the CSMs comprising Indomethacin V exhibited remarkable cervical cancer cell (HeLa) killing (IC50 =0.97 μM). This lead CSM homed into the mitochondria of HeLa cells within 1 h followed by mitochondrial damage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. This novel Indomethacin V-based CSM-mediated mitochondrial damage induced programmed cell death (apoptosis). We anticipate these CSMs can be used as tools to understand the drug effects in organelle chemical biology in diseased states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tripti Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Abhinav Gautam
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Jaypalsing Ingle
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Sudipta Basu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| |
Collapse
|