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AlMotwaa SM, Al-Otaibi WA. Nano-emulsion based on Santolina chamaecyparissus essential oil potentiates the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of Doxorubicin: an in vitro study. J Microencapsul 2024:1-16. [PMID: 39092777 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2024.2386287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
AIM This study was aimed at investigating the cytotoxic effect of a novel combination of doxorubicin (DOX) and nano-formulation of Santolina chamaecyparissus L. essential oil (SCEO-NANO) on hepatic (HepG2) and colon (HT29) cancer cell lines. METHODS A nano-emulsion was prepared by high-pressure homogenisation, then analysed by zetasizer and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. HepG2 and HT29 cells were used in in vitro tests for apoptosis detection. RESULTS Formulated droplet size increased in DOX@SCEO-NANO/DOX to 11.54 ± 0.02 with uniform distribution (PDI = 0.13 ± 0.01), when compared with SCEO-NANO (size: 8.91 ± 0.02 nm; PDI = 0.1 ± 0.02). In both cells, DOX@SCEO-NANO/DOX led to a considerable reduction in colony formation. Compared to DOX, apoprotein proteins were overexpressed in HepG2 cells, showing increases of 8.66-fold for caspase-3 and 4.24-fold for the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. In HT29 cells, ROS-dependent necrosis and apoptosis were seen. Comparing DOX@SCEO-NANO/DOX versus DOX, greater levels of caspase-3 and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio were observed. CONCLUSION The DOX@SCEO-NANO/DOX formulation showed potential for targeted eradication of colon adenocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar M AlMotwaa
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waad A Al-Otaibi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Adhikari S, Nath S, Kansız S, Balidya N, Paul AK, Dege N, Sahin O, Mahmoudi G, Verma AK, Safin DA. Zinc(II) coordination compound with N'-(pyridin-2-ylmethylene)nicotinohydrazide: Synthesis, crystal structure, computational and cytotoxicity studies. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 257:112598. [PMID: 38763101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we report on the synthesis of a novel zinc(II) coordination compound [ZnL2] (1), which was readily obtained from the reaction of Zn(OAc)·2H2O and N'-(pyridin-2-ylmethylene)nicotinohydrazide (HL) in methanol. Recrystallization of 1 from dimethylformamide under ambient conditions allowed to produce yellow block-like crystals of 1·H2O. Complex 1·H2O was characterized by FT-IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy, while its optical properties were studied by UV-vis and spectrofluorimetry in methanol. The crystal structure of the title complex was revealed by single crystal X-ray diffraction and further explored in detail by the Hirshfeld surface analysis. Theoretical investigations based on the DFT calculations have also been applied to show the electronic properties of complex 1. The antitumor activities of the parent ligand HL and complex 1 were studied using Dalton's lymphoma malignant cancer model. Both compounds were found to induce concentration-dependent cytotoxicity and apoptotic cell death, leading to a decrease in cell viability, body weight, and tumor volume in mice with the superior activity of complex 1 over HL. Mice treated with complex 1 demonstrated an increase in life span with a survival period of 23 days. Finally, using a molecular docking approach, we have probed complex 1 to inhibit the recombinant mouse tumor-necrosis factor alpha (mTNF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Adhikari
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. Degree College, Dharmanagar, Tripura(N) 799253, India.
| | - Sourav Nath
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. Degree College, Dharmanagar, Tripura(N) 799253, India
| | - Sevgi Kansız
- Samsun University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Fundamental Sciences, 55420 Samsun, Turkey
| | - Nabajyoti Balidya
- Department of Chemistry, Milki High School, Milki, Malda, 732209, India
| | - Anirban Kumar Paul
- Department of Zoology, Cell & Biochemical Technology Laboratory, Cotton University, Guwahati 781001, India
| | - Necmi Dege
- Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Physics, 55139 Samsun, Turkey
| | - Onur Sahin
- Sinop University, Scientific and Technological Research Application and Research Center, 57000 Sinop, Turkey
| | - Ghodrat Mahmoudi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maragheh, P.O. Box 55181-83111, Maragheh, Iran; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Sarıyer, Istanbul 34396, Turkey.
| | - Akalesh Kumar Verma
- Department of Zoology, Cell & Biochemical Technology Laboratory, Cotton University, Guwahati 781001, India.
| | - Damir A Safin
- University of Tyumen, Volodarskogo Str. 6, 625003 Tyumen, Russian Federation; Scientific and Educational and Innovation Center for Chemical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russian Federation.
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3
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Sritharan S, Sivalingam N. Doxorubicin-induced chemoresistance in Duke's type B colon adenocarcinoma cell line is aggravated in the presence of TGF-β2 through non-apoptotic cell death. Clin Transl Oncol 2024; 26:1630-1638. [PMID: 38308764 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03380-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current challenge in clinical cancer treatment is chemoresistance. Colon cells have inherently higher xenobiotic transporters expression and hence can attain resistance rapidly. Increased levels of TGF-β2 expression in patients have been attributed to cancer progression, aggressiveness, and resistance. To investigate resistance progression, we treated doxorubicin (dox) to HT-29 colon adenocarcinoma cells in the presence or absence of TGF-β2 ligand. METHODS After 1, 3-, and 7-day treatment, we investigated cell proliferation, viability, and cytotoxicity by MTT, trypan blue staining, and lactate dehydrogenase enzyme release. The mechanism of cell death was elucidated by hoechst33342 and propidium iodide dual staining and apoptosis assay. The development of resistance was detected by rhodamine123 efflux and P-glycoprotein (P-gp)/MDR1 antibody staining through fluorimetry and flow cytometry. The colony formation ability of the cells was also elucidated. RESULTS Inhibition of cell proliferation was noted after day 1, while a significant reduction in viability and a significant increase in lactate dehydrogenase release was detected after day 3. Reduction of intracellular rhodamine123 levels was detected after day 3 and was significantly lower in dox with TGF-β2 treatment compared to dox alone. Increased surface P-gp levels after days 3 and 7 were observed in the treated groups. Hoechst33342/propidium iodide staining and apoptosis assay indicated non-apoptotic cell death. The cells treated with TGF-β2 had higher colony formation ability. CONCLUSIONS TGF-β2 expression might play a significant role in the development of chemoresistance to doxorubicin in Duke's type B colon adenocarcinoma cell line, HT-29.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sruthi Sritharan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Nageswaran Sivalingam
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
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4
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Alshwyeh HA, Al-Sheikh WMS, Rasedee A, Alnasser SM, Al-Qubaisi MS, Ibrahim WN. Mangifera indica L. kernel ethanol extract inhibits cell viability and proliferation with induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in lung cancer cells. Mol Cell Oncol 2024; 11:2299046. [PMID: 38196561 PMCID: PMC10773660 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2023.2299046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of an ethanolic extract of Mangifera indica L. kernel on the viability and proliferation of human lung cancer cells. We utilized MTT and BrdU cell proliferation assays, morphological assessments, cell cycle analyses, and apoptosis assays to investigate the extract's effects on lung cancer (A549 and NCI-H292) and normal lung (MRC-5) cells. The extract demonstrated a toxicity toward cancer cells compared to normal cells with dose-dependent anti-proliferative effect on lung cancer cells. The extract also caused differential effects on the cell cycle, inducing G0/G1 arrest and increasing the Sub-G1 population in both lung cancer and normal lung cells. Notably, the extract induced loss of membrane integrity, shrinkage, membrane blebbing, and apoptosis in lung cancer cells, while normal cells exhibited only early apoptosis. Furthermore, the extract exhibited higher toxicity towards NCI-H292 cells, followed by A549 and normal MRC-5 cells in decreasing order of potency. Our results suggest that the ethanolic extract of M. indica L. kernel has significant potential as a novel therapeutic agent for treating lung cancer cells, given its ability to induce apoptosis in cancer cell lines while causing minimal harm to normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussah Abdullah Alshwyeh
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- Basic & Applied Scientific Research Center, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abdullah Rasedee
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sulaiman Mohammed Alnasser
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Wisam Nabeel Ibrahim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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5
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Mermer A, Tüzün B, Daştan SD, Koçyiğit ÜM, Çetin FN, Çevik Ö. Piperazin incorporated Schiff Base derivatives: Assessment of in vitro biological activities, metabolic enzyme inhibition properties, and molecular docking calculations. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23465. [PMID: 37462216 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The cytotoxic activities of the compounds were determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method in human breast cancer (MCF-7), human cervical cancer (HeLa), and mouse fibroblast (L929) cell lines. The compounds MAAS-5 and four modified the supercoiled tertiary structure of pBR322 plasmid DNA. MAAS-5 showed the highest cytotoxic activity in HeLa, MCF-7, and L929 cells with IC50 values of 16.76 ± 3.22, 28.83 ± 5.61, and 2.18 ± 1.22 µM, respectively. MAAS-3 was found to have almost the lowest cytotoxic activities with the IC50 values of 93.17 ± 9.28, 181.07 ± 11.54, and 16.86 ± 6.42 µM in HeLa, MCF-7, and L929 cells respectively at 24 h. Moreover, the antiepileptic potentials of these compounds were investigated in this study. To this end, the effect of newly synthesized Schiff base derivatives on the enzyme activities of carbonic anhydrase I and II isozymes (human carbonic anhydrase [hCA] I and hCA II) was evaluated spectrophotometrically. The target compounds demonstrated high inhibitory activities compared with standard inhibitors with Ki values in the range of 4.54 ± 0.86-15.46 ± 8.65 nM for hCA I (Ki value for standard inhibitor = 12.08 ± 2.00 nM), 1.09 ± 0.32-29.94 ± 0.82 nM for hCA II (Ki value for standard inhibitor = 18.22 ± 4.90 nM). Finally, the activities of the compounds were compared with the Gaussian programme in the B3lyp, HF, M062X base sets with 6-31++G (d,p) levels. In addition, the activities of five compounds against various breast cancer proteins and hCA I and II were compared with molecular docking calculations. Also, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity analysis was performed to investigate the possibility of using five compounds as drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Mermer
- Experimental Medicine Application & Research Center, Validebağ Research Park, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Burak Tüzün
- Plant and Animal Production Department, Technical Sciences Vocational School of Sivas, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Sevgi Durna Daştan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Ümit M Koçyiğit
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Feyza Nur Çetin
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Özge Çevik
- Department of Biochemistry, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
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6
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Abualhasan M, Hawash M, Aqel S, Al-Masri M, Mousa A, Issa L. Biological Evaluation of Xanthene and Thioxanthene Derivatives as Antioxidant, Anticancer, and COX Inhibitors. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:38597-38606. [PMID: 37867642 PMCID: PMC10586285 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Xanthene and thioxanthene analogues have been investigated for their potential as anticancer and anti-inflammatory agents. Additionally, cysteine analogues have been found to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities due to their role in cellular redox balance, scavenging of free radicals, and involvement in nucleophilic reactions and enzyme binding sites. In this study, we synthesized a library of tertiary alcohols derived from xanthene and thioxanthene, and further, some of these compounds were coupled with cysteine. The objective of this research was to explore the potential anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of the synthesized compounds. The synthesized compounds were subjected to test for anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. Results indicated that compound 3 exhibited excellent inhibition activity (IC50 = 9.6 ± 1.1 nM) against colon cancer cells (Caco-2), while compound 2 showed good inhibition activity (IC50 = 161.3 ± 41 nM) against hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep G2) cells. Compound 4 demonstrated potent antioxidant inhibition activity (IC50 = 15.44 ± 6 nM), and compound 7 exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity with cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibition IC50 (4.37 ± 0.78 nM) and high selectivity for COX-2 (3.83). In conclusion, certain synthesized compounds displayed promising anticancer activity and anti-inflammatory effects. Nevertheless, additional research is necessary to create more analogues, develop a more distinct comprehension of the structure-activity relationship (SAR), and perform in vivo experiments to evaluate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of the compounds under examination. Such research may pave the way for the development of novel therapeutic agents with potential applications in cancer and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murad Abualhasan
- Department
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, P400 Nablus, Palestine
| | - Mohammed Hawash
- Department
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, P400 Nablus, Palestine
| | - Samah Aqel
- Department
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, P400 Nablus, Palestine
| | - Motasem Al-Masri
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, P.O. Box 7, P400 Nablus, Palestine
| | - Ahmed Mousa
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, P.O. Box 7, P400 Nablus, Palestine
| | - Linda Issa
- Department
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, P400 Nablus, Palestine
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7
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Velayutham M, Priya PS, Sarkar P, Murugan R, Almutairi BO, Arokiyaraj S, Kari ZA, Tellez-Isaias G, Guru A, Arockiaraj J. Aquatic Peptide: The Potential Anti-Cancer and Anti-Microbial Activity of GE18 Derived from Pathogenic Fungus Aphanomyces invadans. Molecules 2023; 28:6746. [PMID: 37764521 PMCID: PMC10534430 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Small molecules as well as peptide-based therapeutic approaches have attracted global interest due to their lower or no toxicity in nature, and their potential in addressing several health complications including immune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, osteoporosis and cancer. This study proposed a peptide, GE18 of subtilisin-like peptidase from the virulence factor of aquatic pathogenic fungus Aphanomyces invadans, which elicits anti-cancer and anti-microbial activities. To understand the potential GE18 peptide-induced biological effects, an in silico analysis, in vitro (L6 cells) and in vivo toxicity assays (using zebrafish embryo), in vitro anti-cancer assays and anti-microbial assays were performed. The outcomes of the in silico analyses demonstrated that the GE18 peptide has potent anti-cancer and anti-microbial activities. GE18 is non-toxic to in vitro non-cancerous cells and in vivo zebrafish larvae. However, the peptide showed significant anti-cancer properties against MCF-7 cells with an IC50 value of 35.34 µM, at 24 h. Besides the anti-proliferative effect on cancer cells, the peptide exposure does promote the ROS concentration, mitochondrial membrane potential and the subsequent upregulation of anti-cancer genes. On the other hand, GE18 elicits significant anti-microbial activity against P. aeruginosa, wherein GE18 significantly inhibits bacterial biofilm formation. Since the peptide has positively charged amino acid residues, it targets the cell membrane, as is evident in the FESEM analysis. Based on these outcomes, it is possible that the GE18 peptide is a significant anti-cancer and anti-microbial molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikandan Velayutham
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P. Snega Priya
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Purabi Sarkar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Allied Healthcare and Sciences, Jain Deemed-to-be University, Whitefield, Bangalore 560066, Karnataka, India
| | - Raghul Murugan
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bader O. Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Selvaraj Arokiyaraj
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Zulhisyam Abdul Kari
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Jeli 17600, Malaysia
- Advanced Livestock and Aquaculture Research Group, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Jeli 17600, Malaysia
| | | | - Ajay Guru
- Department of Cariology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
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8
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Elizondo-Luévano JH, Rodríguez-Garza NE, Bazaldúa-Rodríguez AF, Romo-Sáenz CI, Tamez-Guerra P, Verde-Star MJ, Gomez-Flores R, Quintanilla-Licea R. Cytotoxic, Anti-Hemolytic, and Antioxidant Activities of Ruta chalepensis L. (Rutaceae) Extract, Fractions, and Isolated Compounds. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112203. [PMID: 37299182 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ruta chalepensis is an herb used to treat various ailments, and its potential cytotoxic effects on different tumor cell lines have been extensively studied. The present study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of R. chalepensis methanol extract (RCME), sub-partitions obtained from solvents of increasing polarity, and major compounds, as well as their hemolytic, anti-hemolytic, and antioxidant potential. The in vitro cytotoxic activity against the human hepatocarcinoma (HEP-G2) and the murine lymphoma cell line (L5178Y-R) was evaluated using the colorimetric 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction assay, whereas selectivity indices (SIs) were determined by comparing cytotoxicity against normal African green monkey kidney cells (VERO) and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Hemolytic and anti-hemolytic activities were evaluated on human erythrocytes. The most effective cytotoxic treatment was evaluated for nitric oxide release by J774A.1 macrophages. Antioxidant activity of R. chalepensis material was also determined. Results showed that RCME produced significant (p < 0.05) cytotoxicity in HEP-G2 (IC50 = 1.79 µg/mL) and L5178Y-R (IC50 = 1.60 µg/mL) cells and exhibited high SIs (291.50 and 114.80, respectively). In addition, the n-hexane fraction (RCHF) showed an IC50 of 18.31 µg/mL in HEP-G2 cells and an SI of 9.48 in VERO cells, whereas the chloroform fraction (RCCF) evidenced an IC50 of 1.60 µg/mL in L5178Y-R cells and an SI of 34.27 in PBMC cells. Chalepensin (CHL), rutamarin (RTM), and graveolin (GRV), which are major components of R. chalepensis, showed high activity against L5178Y-R cells, with IC50 of 9.15, 15.13 and SI of 45.08 µg/mL, respectively. In addition, CHL, RTM, and GRV showed SIs of 24.76, 9.98, and 3.52, respectively, when compared with PBMC cells. RCME at concentrations of 125 µg/mL and 250 µg/mL, significantly (p < 0.05) decreased nitrite production in J774A.1 cells, when exposed to lipopolysaccharide. This study demonstrated that RCME showed significant cytotoxic activity against HEP-G2 and L5178Y-R cells, without affecting normal VERO, PBMC, and J774A.1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel H Elizondo-Luévano
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, NL, Mexico
- Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Tropicales (e-INTRO), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca (USAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Nancy E Rodríguez-Garza
- Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Tropicales (e-INTRO), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca (USAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, NL, Mexico
| | - Aldo F Bazaldúa-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, NL, Mexico
| | - César I Romo-Sáenz
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, NL, Mexico
| | - Patricia Tamez-Guerra
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, NL, Mexico
| | - María J Verde-Star
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, NL, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Gomez-Flores
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, NL, Mexico
| | - Ramiro Quintanilla-Licea
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, NL, Mexico
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9
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Velayutham M, Sarkar P, Karuppiah KM, Arumugam P, Shajahan S, Abu Haija M, Ahamad T, Arasu MV, Al-Dhabi NA, Choi KC, Guru A, Arockiaraj J. PS9, Derived from an Aquatic Fungus Virulent Protein, Glycosyl Hydrolase, Arrests MCF-7 Proliferation by Regulating Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species and Apoptotic Pathways. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:18543-18553. [PMID: 37273629 PMCID: PMC10233697 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
One of the most common diseases in women is breast cancer, which has the highest death globally. Surgery, chemotherapy, hormone treatments, and radiation are the current treatment options for breast cancer. However, these options have several adverse side effects. Recently, peptide-based drugs have gained attention as anticancer therapy. Studies report that peptides from biological toxins such as venom and virulent pathogenic molecules have potential therapeutic effects against multiple diseases, including cancers. This study reports on the in vitro anticancer effect of a short peptide, PS9, derived from a virulent protein, glycosyl hydrolase, of an aquatic fungus, Aphanomyces invadans. This peptide arrests MCF-7 proliferation by regulating intercellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptotic pathways. Based on the potential for the anticancer effect of PS9, from the in silico analysis, in vitro analyses using MCF-7 cells were executed. PS9 showed a dose-dependent activity; its IC50 value was 25.27-43.28 μM at 24 h. The acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EtBr) staining, to establish the status of apoptosis in MCF-7 cells, showed morphologies for early and late apoptosis and necrotic cell death. The 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) staining and biochemical analyses showed a significant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS). Besides, PS9 has been shown to regulate the caspase-mediated apoptotic pathway. PS9 is nontoxic, in vitro, and in vivo zebrafish larvae. Together, PS9 may have an anticancer effect in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikandan Velayutham
- Department
of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Institute of
Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Purabi Sarkar
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, School of Allied Healthcare and Sciences, Jain Deemed-to-be University, Whitefield, Bangalore 560066, Karnataka, India
| | - Kanchana M. Karuppiah
- Department
of Medical Research, Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Priyadharsan Arumugam
- Department
of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College
and Hospitals, SIMATS, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shanavas Shajahan
- Department
of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College
and Hospitals, SIMATS, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department
of Chemistry, Khalifa University of Science
and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad Abu Haija
- Department
of Chemistry, Khalifa University of Science
and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Center for
Catalysis and Separations, Khalifa University
of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tansir Ahamad
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud
University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Department
of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department
of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ki-Choon Choi
- Grassland
and Forage Division, National Institute
of Animal Science, RDA, Seonghwan-Eup, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam 330-801, Republic of Korea
| | - Ajay Guru
- Department
of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College
and Hospitals, SIMATS, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Department
of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
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10
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Al-Fahdawi MQ, Aldoghachi AF, Alhassan FH, Al-Doghachi FA, Alshwyeh HA, Rasedee A, Alnasser SM, Al-Qubaisi MS, Ibrahim WN. Physicochemical characterization and cancer cell antiproliferative effect of silver-doped magnesia nanoparticles. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15560. [PMID: 37159701 PMCID: PMC10163622 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Silver-doped magnesia nanoparticles (Ag/MgO) were synthesized using the precipitation method and characterized by various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), Brunner-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area measurements, and dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The morphology of Ag/MgO nanoparticles was determined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, which revealed cuboidal shaped nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 31 to 68 nm and an average size of 43.5 ± 10.6 nm. The anticancer effects of Ag/MgO nanoparticles were evaluated on human colorectal (HT29) and lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cell lines, and their caspase-3, -8, and -9 activities, as well as Bcl-2, Bax, p53, cytochrome C protein expressions were estimated. Ag/MgO nanoparticles showed selective toxicity towards HT29 and A549 cells while remaining relatively innocuous towards the normal human colorectal, CCD-18Co, and lung, MRC-5 cells. The IC50 values of Ag/MgO nanoparticles on the HT29 and A549 cells were found to be 90.2 ± 2.6 and 85.0 ± 3.5 μg/mL, respectively. The Ag/MgO nanoparticles upregulated caspase-3 and -9 activities, downregulated Bcl-2, upregulated Bax and p53 protein expressions in the cancer cells. The morphology of the Ag/MgO nanoparticle treated HT29 and A549 cells was typical of apoptosis, with cell detachment, shrinkage, and membrane blebbing. The results suggest that Ag/MgO nanoparticles induce apoptosis in cancer cells and exhibit potential as a promising anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed Faris Aldoghachi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang, 43300, Malaysia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Cheras, 43000, Malaysia
| | - Fatah H. Alhassan
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Technology, College of Science and Arts, Alkamel University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Africa City of Technology, Khartoum Bahari, Khartoum, Sudan
| | | | - Hussah Abdullah Alshwyeh
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
- Basic & Applied Scientific Research Center, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Rasedee
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Corresponding author.Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | | | | | - Wisam Nabeel Ibrahim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Corresponding author. Department of Biomedical sciences, College of Health sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Qatar.
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11
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Chemical and functional composition and biological activities of Anatolian Hypericum scabrum L. plant. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Velayutham M, Haridevamuthu B, Elsadek MF, Rizwana H, Juliet A, Karuppiah KM, Arockiaraj J. S-adenosylmethionine synthase-derived GR15 peptide suppresses proliferation of breast cancer cells by upregulating the caspase-mediated apoptotic pathway: In vitro and in silico analyses. JOURNAL OF KING SAUD UNIVERSITY - SCIENCE 2022; 34:102354. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2022.102354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
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13
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Velayutham M, Sarkar P, Sudhakaran G, Al-Ghanim KA, Maboob S, Juliet A, Guru A, Muthupandian S, Arockiaraj J. Anti-Cancer and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of a Short Molecule, PS14 Derived from the Virulent Cellulose Binding Domain of Aphanomyces invadans, on Human Laryngeal Epithelial Cells and an In Vivo Zebrafish Embryo Model. Molecules 2022; 27:7333. [PMID: 36364155 PMCID: PMC9654460 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities of PS14, a short peptide derived from the cellulase binding domain of pathogenic fungus, Aphanomyces invadans, have been evaluated, in vitro and in vivo. Bioinformatics analysis of PS14 revealed the physicochemical properties and the web-based predictions, which indicate that PS14 is non-toxic, and it has the potential to elicit anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities. These in silico results were experimentally validated through in vitro (L6 or Hep-2 cells) and in vivo (zebrafish embryo or larvae) models. Experimental results showed that PS14 is non-toxic in L6 cells and the zebrafish embryo, and it elicits an antitumor effect Hep-2 cells and zebrafish embryos. Anticancer activity assays, in terms of MTT, trypan blue and LDH assays, showed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on cell proliferation. Moreover, in the epithelial cancer cells and zebrafish embryos, the peptide challenge (i) caused significant changes in the cytomorphology and induced apoptosis; (ii) triggered ROS generation; and (iii) showed a significant up-regulation of anti-cancer genes including BAX, Caspase 3, Caspase 9 and down-regulation of Bcl-2, in vitro. The anti-inflammatory activity of PS14 was observed in the cell-free in vitro assays for the inhibition of proteinase and lipoxygenase, and heat-induced hemolysis and hypotonicity-induced hemolysis. Together, this study has identified that PS14 has anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities, while being non-toxic, in vitro and in vivo. Future experiments can focus on the clinical or pharmacodynamics aspects of PS14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikandan Velayutham
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Purabi Sarkar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Allied Healthcare and Sciences, Jain Deemed-to-be University, Bangalore 560 066, Karnataka, India
| | - Gokul Sudhakaran
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Shahid Maboob
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Annie Juliet
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ajay Guru
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saravanan Muthupandian
- AMR and Nanomedicine Lab, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciencess (SIMATS), Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
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14
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Elizondo-Luévano JH, Gomez-Flores R, Verde-Star MJ, Tamez-Guerra P, Romo-Sáenz CI, Chávez-Montes A, Rodríguez-Garza NE, Quintanilla-Licea R. In Vitro Cytotoxic Activity of Methanol Extracts of Selected Medicinal Plants Traditionally Used in Mexico against Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11212862. [PMID: 36365315 PMCID: PMC9659118 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants are traditionally used in Mexico to treat diseases such as cancer. The present study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic, antioxidant, and anti-hemolytic activity of 15 plants of ethnopharmacological use in Mexico. For this, plant methanol extracts were prepared by the Soxhlet method, after which their cytotoxic activity was evaluated against human hepatocellular carcinoma (HEP-G2) and monkey kidney epithelial (Vero) cells by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction colorimetric assay. The selectivity index (SI) of each extract was then determined by the IC50 ratio of normal to tumor cells. We showed that Ruta chalepensis extract possessed an IC50 of 1.79 µg/mL and 522.08 µg/mL against HEP-G2 and Vero cells, respectively, resulting in an SI of 291.50. Furthermore, antioxidant activity was evaluated by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging technique, where the best antioxidant potential was shown by the Heterotheca inuloides extract (IC50 = 19.24 µg/mL). Furthermore, the hemolytic potential was determined against human erythrocytes, which showed that the extracts with the highest anti-hemolytic activity were Smilax aspera (IC50 = 4.41 µg/mL) and Amphipterygium adstringens (IC50 = 5.35 µg/mL). In conclusion, we observed that R. chalepensis methanol extract possesses cytotoxic activity against HEP-G2 cells, without affecting non-tumorigenic Vero cells. Our results indicated the antitumor potential of medicinal plants used in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel H. Elizondo-Luévano
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (FCB), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L., Monterrey 66455, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Gomez-Flores
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (FCB), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L., Monterrey 66455, Mexico
- Correspondence: (R.G.-F.); (R.Q.-L.); Tel.: +52-81-8020-7449 (R.G.-F.); +52-81-8376-3668 (ext. 1476) (R.Q.-L.)
| | - María J. Verde-Star
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (FCB), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L., Monterrey 66455, Mexico
| | - Patricia Tamez-Guerra
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (FCB), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L., Monterrey 66455, Mexico
| | - César I. Romo-Sáenz
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (FCB), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L., Monterrey 66455, Mexico
| | - Abelardo Chávez-Montes
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (FCB), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L., Monterrey 66455, Mexico
| | - Nancy E. Rodríguez-Garza
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (FCB), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L., Monterrey 66455, Mexico
| | - Ramiro Quintanilla-Licea
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (FCB), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L., Monterrey 66455, Mexico
- Correspondence: (R.G.-F.); (R.Q.-L.); Tel.: +52-81-8020-7449 (R.G.-F.); +52-81-8376-3668 (ext. 1476) (R.Q.-L.)
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15
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Mohamed A. Ouf A, Abdelrasheed Allam H, Kamel M, Ragab FA, Abdel-Aziz SA. Design, synthesis, cytotoxic and enzyme inhibitory activities of 1,3,4-oxadiazole and 1,3,4-thiadiazine hybrids against non-small cell lung cancer. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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16
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Li R, Zhao L, Devanesan S, Maruthamut MK, Yin Y. Goniothalamin Suppressed Glioblastoma Cell Proliferation Through p38 MAPK Phosphorylation Mediated Apoptosis. INT J PHARMACOL 2022. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2022.746.752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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17
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Velayutham M, Sarkar P, Rajakrishnan R, Kuppusamy P, Juliet A, Arockiaraj J. Antiproliferation of MP12 derived from a fungus, Aphanomyces invadans virulence factor, cysteine-rich trypsin inhibitor on human laryngeal epithelial cells, and in vivo zebrafish embryo model. Toxicon 2022; 210:100-108. [PMID: 35217022 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Peptide-based drug development is an emerging and promising approach in cancer therapeutics. The present study focuses on understanding the mechanism of MP12 peptide (MDNHVCIPLCPP) derived from cysteine-rich trypsin inhibitor protein of virulence factor of pathogenic fungus Aphanomyces invadans. MP12 is involved in antiproliferative activity against the human laryngeal epithelial cell (Hep-2), demonstrated in this study. MP12 sequence showed a significant binding score and has multiple hydrogen bond interactions with the proteins that play a vital role in apoptotic pathways such as Bcl-2, caspase-3, caspase-7, and XIAP. Based on the bioinformatics characterization and molecular docking result, further study was focused on MP12 antiproliferative activity. The peptide showed a dose-dependent inhibition against Hep-2 cell line proliferation, analyzed over MTT and neutral red uptake assays. The IC50 value of the MP12 peptide was calculated based on the antiproliferative property (24.7 ± 0.34 μM). MP12 treated Hep-2 cells showed significant shrinkage in cell morphology compared to untreated cells, inhibiting the cell cycle. The gene expression analysis validated that the MP12 significantly upregulates the caspase-3, caspase-7, and caspase-9 genes. The developmental toxicity study using zebrafish embryos as in vivo model proved that the MP12 is nontoxic. Based on the obtained results, we proposed that the peptide MP12 derived from cysteine-rich trypsin inhibitor protein of virulence molecule of pathogenic fungus have a potential antiproliferative activity. However, further clinical trials need to be focused on the mechanism and therapeutic application against laryngeal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikandan Velayutham
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Purabi Sarkar
- School of Allied Healthcare and Sciences, Jain Deemed-to-be University, Whitefield, Bangalore, 560 066, Karnataka, India
| | - R Rajakrishnan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Palaniselvam Kuppusamy
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea
| | - Annie Juliet
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A4800, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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18
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Azizi K, Hamedi A, Azarpira N, Hamedi A, Shahini M, Pasdaran A. A new cytotoxic sesquiterpene lactone from Euphorbia microsphaera Boiss against human breast cancer (MCF-7) and human fibrosarcoma (HT1080) cells. Toxicon 2021; 202:60-66. [PMID: 34562495 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A new guaianolide sesquiterpene lactone with cytotoxic properties was isolated from Euphorbia microsphaera Boiss. To determine the highest active fraction and isolate bioactive compounds, a bioassay guided fractionation approach was used. The general toxicity properties of the plant's extracts and fractions (fr1-10) were assessed against Artemia salina, Oryzeaphilus mercator, and Tribolium castaneum. Cytotoxic activities were investigated against normal human foreskin fibroblasts and two malignant cell lines, including human breast cancer (MCF-7) and human fibrosarcoma cells (HT1080) using the MTT assay at different time points of 24, 48, and 72 h. Single crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD) and mass spectrometry data were used to determine the structure of the active guaianolide sesquiterpene lactone (3aR,4S,4aS,5R,7aS,9aS)-5-hydroxy-5,8-dimethyl-3-methylene-2-oxo-2,3,3a,4,4a,5,6,7,7a, 9a decahydroazuleno [6,5-b] furan-4-yl acetate (named aryanin). Chloroformic fraction 7 (fr7, LC50 = 93.50 μg/mL for general toxicity) had the highest toxicity result, with a mortality rate of more than 50% for both insect species after 12 h at 15 mg/mL. The highest cytotoxicity of aryanin was observed on 24 h treated MCF-7 with an IC50 of 13.81 μg/mL. After 24 h, the inhibition of MCF-7 cell proliferation was 92%-94% at concentrations of 25-50 μg/mL, respectively. On MCF-7, the IC50 was found to be 49.35 μg/mL after 72 h. This compound had a considerable cytotoxicity (IC50 ≤ 12.5 μg/mL, 24 h) on human foreskin fibroblasts. In contrast to the MCF-7 cell line, the proliferation of human foreskin fibroblasts was increased after 72 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kourosh Azizi
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Azadeh Hamedi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Azar Hamedi
- School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Shahini
- Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ardalan Pasdaran
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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19
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Amina M, Al Musayeib N, Al-Hamoud G, Al-Dbass A, El-Ansary A, Ali M. Prospective of biosynthesized L.satiVum oil/PEG/Ag-MgO bionanocomposite film for its antibacterial and anticancer potential. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:5971-5985. [PMID: 34588914 PMCID: PMC8459159 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A substantial interest has been manifested in utilizing oil/metal oxide hybrid bionanocomposite, especially organic/ inorganic to design different biomedical applications. The present study reports the synthesis, characterization, antibacterial and anticancer properties of biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and L.satiVum oil/PEG/Ag-MgO bionanocomposite. The fabricated AgNPs and L.sativum oil/PEG/Ag-MgO bionanocomposite were characterized by employing different spectroscopic (UV, FTIR, XRD) and microscopic (TEM, SEM) techniques. The particle size analysis showed that the mean size of 16.32 nm for AgNPS and 13.45 nm L.satiVum oil/PEG/Ag-MgO, indicating the excellent dispersion of Ag-MgO nanoparticles in the PEG- L.satiVum oil matrix. The antimicrobial activity of AgNPs and polymeric bionanocomposite was investigated against two pathogenic bacteria. The highest antibacterial effect was observed for bionanocomposite towards Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (27 mm) and Gram-negative Escherichia coli (25 mm) at 40 µg/well. The bionanocomposite completely vanished the bacterial growth (100%) at 80 µgmL-1 concentrations. Moreover, the AgNPs and polymeric bionanocomposite was evaluated for anticancer activity against human cervical cancer cells (HeLa cells) at different doses (50, 250, 500, and 1000 µgmL-1). The results showed polymeric bionanocomposite was stronger in inducing the HeLa cancer cell death than AgNPs. Overall, the fabricated L.satiVum oil/PEG/Ag-MgO bionanocomposite serve as a potential antimicrobial and anticancer agent and could be used in the development of novel drugs and health care products in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Amina
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmacy College, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - N.M. Al Musayeib
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmacy College, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - G.A. Al-Hamoud
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmacy College, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Al-Dbass
- Biochemistry Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A. El-Ansary
- Central Laboratory, Female Centre for Scientific and Medical Studies, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M.A. Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Al-Fahdawi MQ, Al-Doghachi FAJ, Abdullah QK, Hammad RT, Rasedee A, Ibrahim WN, Alshwyeh HA, Alosaimi AA, Aldosary SK, Eid EEM, Rosli R, Taufiq-Yap YH, Al-Haj NA, Al-Qubaisi MS. Oxidative stress cytotoxicity induced by platinum-doped magnesia nanoparticles in cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 138:111483. [PMID: 33744756 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to prepare, characterize, and determine the in vitro anticancer effects of platinum-doped magnesia (Pt/MgO) nanoparticles. The chemical compositions, functional groups, and size of nanoparticles were determined using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Pt/MgO nanoparticles were cuboid and in the nanosize range of 30-50 nm. The cytotoxicity of Pt/MgO nanoparticles was determined via the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay on the human lung and colonic cancer cells (A549 and HT29 respectively) and normal human lung and colonic fibroblasts cells (MRC-5 and CCD-18Co repectively). The Pt/MgO nanoparticles were relatively innocuous to normal cells. Pt/MgO nanoparticles downregulated Bcl-2 and upregulated Bax and p53 tumor suppressor proteins in the cancer cells. Pt/MgO nanoparticles also induced production of reactive oxygen species, decreased cellular glutathione level, and increased lipid peroxidation. Thus, the anticancer effects of Pt/MgO nanoparticles were attributed to the induction of oxidative stress and apoptosis. The study showed the potential of Pt/MgO nanoparticles as an anti-cancer compound.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qasim Khlaif Abdullah
- DCH/Pediatric Department, Ramadi Teaching Hospital for Gynecology and Childhood, University of Anbar, Ramadi, Iraq
| | - Ruaa Tareq Hammad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; University of Anbar, Ramadi, Iraq
| | - Abdullah Rasedee
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Wisam Nabeel Ibrahim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Hussah Abdullah Alshwyeh
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), Dammam 31441-1982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Areej A Alosaimi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), Dammam 31441-1982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sahar Khamees Aldosary
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), Dammam 31441-1982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eltayeb E M Eid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rozita Rosli
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Y H Taufiq-Yap
- Catalysis Science and Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Science; Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88300 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Nagi A Al-Haj
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sana'a University, Yemen
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21
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Aboyewa JA, Sibuyi NRS, Meyer M, Oguntibeju OO. Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Extracts of Cyclopia intermedia, Commonly Known as Honeybush, Amplify the Cytotoxic Effects of Doxorubicin. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:E132. [PMID: 33429945 PMCID: PMC7826697 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cyclopia intermedia (C. intermedia) is an indigenous South African shrub used to prepare the popular medicinal honeybush (HB) tea. This plant contains high levels of mangiferin (MGF), a xanthonoid that was reported to have numerous biological activities, including anti-tumor activity. MGF and extracts that contain high concentrations of MGF, such as extracts from Mangifera indica L. or mango have been used to synthesize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using green nanotechnology. It has previously been shown that when AuNPs synthesized from M. indica L. extracts are used in combination with doxorubicin (DOX) and Ayurvedic medicine, the anti-tumor effects appear to be augmented. It has also been demonstrated that MGF used in combination with DOX resulted in enhanced anti-tumor effects. In this study, C. intermedia (HB) and MGF were used to synthesize HB-AuNPs and MGF-AuNPs, respectively. The physicochemical properties of the AuNPs were characterized by the UV-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). The cytotoxicity of HB-AuNPs and MGF-AuNPs were assessed on human colon (Caco-2), prostate (PC-3) and glioblastoma (U87) cancer cells; as well as normal breast epithelial (MCF-12A) cells using the MTT assay. Both HB-AuNPs and MGF-AuNPs demonstrated relatively low cytotoxicity in these cells. However, when these nanoparticles were used in combination with DOX, the cytotoxicity of DOX was significantly augmented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumoke A. Aboyewa
- Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry Group, Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Nicole R. S. Sibuyi
- DSI/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7530, South Africa;
| | - Mervin Meyer
- DSI/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7530, South Africa;
| | - Oluwafemi O. Oguntibeju
- Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry Group, Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
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22
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An efficient synthesis tetrazole and oxadiazole analogues of novel 2'-deoxy-C-nucleosides and their antitumor activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127612. [PMID: 33098969 PMCID: PMC7576186 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Various tetrazole and oxadiazole C-nucleoside analogues were synthesized starting from pure α- or β-glycosyl-cyanide. The synthesis of glycosyl-cyanide as key precursor was optimized on gram-scale to furnish crystalline starting material for the assembly of C-nucleosides. Oxadizole C-nucleosides were synthesized via two independent routes. First, the glycosyl-cyanide was converted into an amidoxime which upon ring closure offered an alternative pathway for the assembly of 1,2,4-oxadizoles in an efficient manner. Second, both anomers of glycosyl-cyanide were transformed into tetrazole nucleosides followed by acylative rearrangement to furnish 1,3,4-oxadiazoles in high yields. These protocols offer an easy access to otherwise difficult to synthesize C-nucleosides in good yield and protecting group compatibility. These C-nucleosides were evaluated for their antitumor activity. This work paves a path for facile assembly of library of new chemical entities useful for drug discovery.
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23
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T G S, Subramanian S, Eswaran S. Design, Synthesis and Study of Antibacterial and Antitubercular Activity of Quinoline Hydrazone Hybrids. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/hc-2020-0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractEmerging bacterial resistance is causing widespread problems for the treatment of various infections. Therefore, the search for antimicrobials is a never-ending task. Hydrazones and quinolines possess a wide variety of biological activities. Herewith, eleven quinoline hydrazone derivatives have been designed, synthesized, characterized and evaluated for their antibacterial activity and antitubercular potential against Mtb WT H37Rv. Compounds QH-02, QH-04 and QH-05 were found to be promising compounds with an MIC value of 4 μg/mL against Mtb WT H37Rv. Compounds QH-02, QH-04, QH-05, and QH-11 were also found to be active against bacterial strains including Acinetobacter baumanii, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Further, we have carried out experiments to confirm the cytotoxicity of the active compounds and found them to be non-toxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruthi T G
- Anthem Biosciences Pvt, Ltd., Bangalore-560099, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Sumesh Eswaran
- Anthem Biosciences Pvt, Ltd., Bangalore-560099, Karnataka, India
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24
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Çetinkaya H, Yıldız MS, Kutluer M, Alkan A, Ozan Otaş H, Çağır A. Novel 2'-alkoxymethyl substituted klavuzon derivatives as inhibitors of Topo I and CRM1. Bioorg Chem 2020; 103:104162. [PMID: 32890988 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this work, 2'-alkoxymethyl substituted klavuzon derivatives were prepared starting from 2-methyl-1-naphthoic acid in eight steps. Anticancer potencies of the synthesized compounds were evaluated by performing MTT cell viability test over cancerous and healthy pancreatic cell lines, along with CRM1 inhibitory properties in HeLa cells by immunostaining and Topo I inhibition properties by supercoiled DNA relaxation assay. Their cytotoxic activities were also presented in hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HuH-7) derived 3D spheroids. Among the tested klavuzon derivatives, isobutoxymethyl substituted klavuzon showed the highest selectivity of cytotoxic activity against pancreatic cancer cell line. They showed potent Topo I inhibition while their CRM1 inhibitory properties somehow diminished compared to 4'-alkylsubstituted klavuzons. The most cytotoxic 2'-methoxymethyl derivative inhibited the growth of the spheroids derived from HuH-7 cell lines and PI staining exhibited time and concentration dependent cell death in 3D spheroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakkı Çetinkaya
- İzmir Institute of Technology, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Urla 35430, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet S Yıldız
- İzmir Institute of Technology, Biotechnology and Bioengineering Graduate Program, Urla 35430, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Meltem Kutluer
- İzmir Institute of Technology, Biotechnology and Bioengineering Graduate Program, Urla 35430, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Aylin Alkan
- İzmir Institute of Technology, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Urla 35430, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Hasan Ozan Otaş
- İzmir Institute of Technology, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Urla 35430, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Ali Çağır
- İzmir Institute of Technology, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Urla 35430, İzmir, Turkey.
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25
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Kumar K, Paik P. Biomimicked and CPMV-Imprinted Hollow Porous Zinc Phosphate Nanocapsules and Their Therapeutic Efficiency. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:6005-6014. [PMID: 35021829 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hollow zinc phosphate nanocapsules (hZPNCs) are an alloplastic biomaterial that has been synthesized to deliver chemotherapeutic drugs in a sustained manner. A very simple one-pot synthesis approach has been employed to synthesize hZPNCs by using cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) in the presence of phosphate buffer (PBS) (0.01 M PBS, pH ∼7.2) with zinc acetate precursor. The synthesis mechanism of hZPNCs relies on the basis of biomineralization, where the precursor molecules initiate mineralization with the help of amino acid residues present on the CPMV capsid. The synthesized hollow nanocapsules were of diameter ∼50-60 nm and porous shell with thickness of ∼4 nm. The cavity performed as a reservoir for the anticancer drugs (DOX and IM). The release kinetic studies show the positive aspect of hZPNCs to be labeled as drug delivery cargo for sustained delivery. In vitro cytotoxic studies of hZPNCs and hZPNCs-chemo drugs on HEK293, HEPG2, and K562 cells were performed. The cytotoxic studies show that hZPNCs-DOX and hZPNCs-IM arrest the cell cycle of carcinoma cells (HEPG2 and K562 cells) at relatively low IC50 and that the inhibition efficiency is dosage dependent. Furthermore, through HRTEM, in vitro cellular interactions of carcinoma cells with hZPNCs and chemo drug-loaded hZPNCs were confirmed by the cryo-sectioning of cells before and after the incubation. These studies revealed the likely endocytic pathway for the nanocapsules entering the cell and executing the specific action of delivering the anticancer drugs. Together, these results reveal the hZPNCs as potential sustained drug delivery agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushi Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R & D Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600062, India.,School of Engineering Sciences and Technology, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Pradip Paik
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 220 051, India.,School of Engineering Sciences and Technology, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
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26
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Zhang Y, Zhu M, Krishna Mohan S, Hao Z. Crocin treatment promotes the oxidative stress and apoptosis in human thyroid cancer cells FTC-133 through the inhibition of STAT/JAK signaling pathway. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 35:e22608. [PMID: 32886819 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most frequent endocrine malignancy, which accounts for nearly 1% of all the cancer worldwide. Crocin has a diverse biological function, such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant functions, specifically in the respiratory related diseases. Using in vitro techniques, this work was intended to illuminate the anti-cancer effect of crocin in follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) (FT 133 cells), and the potential molecular mechanism convoluted. The outcome of the present work showed that crocin was able to prevent the proliferation and triggering the apoptosis in a dose-dependent mode, of FTC-133 cells by methyl thiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide and staining assay (acridine orange/propiduim iodide [PI], 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, and PI dye). Crocin did not show toxicity to the normal thyroid (PCCL3) cells. Crocin-induced reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial membrane potential activity, caspase-8 and -9, lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) activity while suppressing antioxidant activity (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione) in FTC-133 cells. In addition, crocin was also participated in a halting of the proteins related to cell cycle, cyclin D1, and pro-apoptotic proteins; Bax and caspase-3 expression, together with the elevation of anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2. Further, crocin have a dual inhibition of two major pathways, nuclear factor-κB, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling pathways. In conclusion, crocin can inhibit follicular thyroid carcinoma proliferation and promote cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Zhang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Meng Zhu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Surapaneni Krishna Mohan
- Department of Biochemistry, Panimalar Medical College Hospital & Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Zhi Hao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
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27
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Pastre JC, Murray PRD, Browne DL, Brancaglion GA, Galaverna RS, Pilli RA, Ley SV. Integrated Batch and Continuous Flow Process for the Synthesis of Goniothalamin. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:18472-18483. [PMID: 32743225 PMCID: PMC7391960 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
An integrated batch and continuous flow process has been developed for the gram-scale synthesis of goniothalamin. The synthetic route hinges upon a telescoped continuous flow Grignard addition followed by an acylation reaction capable of delivering a racemic goniothalamin precursor (16) (20.9 g prepared over 3 h), with a productivity of 7 g·h-1. An asymmetric Brown allylation protocol was also evaluated under continuous flow conditions. This approach employing (-)-Ipc2B(allyl) provided an (S)-goniothalamin intermediate in 98% yield and 91.5% enantiomeric excess (ee) with a productivity of 1.8 g·h-1. For the final step, a ring-closing metathesis reaction was explored under several conditions in both batch and flow regimes. In a batch operation, the Grubbs second-generation was shown to be effective and highly selective for the desired ring closure product over those arising from other modes of reactivity, and the reaction was complete in 1.5 h. In a flow operation, reactivity and selectivity were attenuated relative to the batch mode; however, after further optimization, the residence time could be reduced to 16 min with good selectivity and good yield of the target product. A tube-in-tube reactor was investigated for in-situ ethylene removal to favor ring-closing over cross-metathesis, in this context. These results provide further evidence of the utility of flow chemistry for organometallic processing and reaction telescoping. Using the developed integrated batch and flow methods, a total of 7.75 g of goniothalamin (1) was synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio C. Pastre
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
- . Phone: +55 (19)
3521 3143
| | - Philip R. D. Murray
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Duncan L. Browne
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Guilherme A. Brancaglion
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Renan S. Galaverna
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo A. Pilli
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
- . Phone: +55 (19) 3521 3422
| | - Steven V. Ley
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
- . Phone: +44 (0) 1223 336398
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28
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Almeida AA, Lima GDA, Simão MVRC, Moreira GA, Siqueira RP, Zanatta AC, Vilegas W, Machado‐Neves M, Bressan GC, Leite JPV. Screening of plants from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest led to the identification of Athenaea velutina (Solanaceae) as a novel source of antimetastatic agents. Int J Exp Pathol 2020; 101:106-121. [PMID: 32452573 PMCID: PMC7370850 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant biodiversity is a source of potential natural products for the treatment of many diseases. One of the ways of discovering new drugs is through the cytotoxic screening of extract libraries. The present study evaluated 196 extracts prepared by maceration of Brazilian Atlantic Forest trees with organic solvents and distilled water for cytotoxic and antimetastatic activity. The MTT assay was used to screen the extract activity in MCF-7, HepG2 and B16F10 cancer cells. The highest cytotoxic extract had antimetastatic activity, as determined in in vitro assays and melanoma murine model. The organic extract of the leaves of Athenaea velutina (EAv) significantly inhibited migration, adhesion, invasion and cell colony formation in B16F10 cells. The phenolic compounds and flavonoids in EAv were identified for the first time, using flow injection with electrospray negative ionization-ion trap tandem mass spectrometry analysis (FIA-ESI-IT-MSn ). EAv markedly suppressed the development of pulmonary melanomas following the intravenous injection of melanoma cells to C57BL/6 mice. Stereological analysis of the spleen cross-sections showed enlargement of the red pulp area after EAv treatment, which indicated the activation of the haematopoietic system. The treatment of melanoma-bearing mice with EAv did not result in liver damage. In conclusion, these findings suggest that A velutina is a source of natural products with potent antimetastatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisson A. Almeida
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia MolecularUniversidade Federal de ViçosaMinas GeraisBrazil
| | - Graziela D. A. Lima
- Departamento de Biologia GeralUniversidade Federal de ViçosaMinas GeraisBrazil
| | | | - Gabriela A. Moreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia MolecularUniversidade Federal de ViçosaMinas GeraisBrazil
| | - Raoni P. Siqueira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia MolecularUniversidade Federal de ViçosaMinas GeraisBrazil
| | | | | | | | - Gustavo C. Bressan
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia MolecularUniversidade Federal de ViçosaMinas GeraisBrazil
| | - João P. V. Leite
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia MolecularUniversidade Federal de ViçosaMinas GeraisBrazil
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29
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Debbabi KF, Al-Harbi SA, Al-Saidi HM, Aljuhani EH, Felaly RN, Abd El-Gilil SM, Bashandy MS, Jannet HB. Synthesis, anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-tuberculosis and molecular docking of heterocyclic N-ethyl-N-methylbenzenesulfonamide derivatives. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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Al-Fahdawi MQ, Rasedee A, Al-Doghachi FA, Rosli R, Taufiq-Yap YH, Al-Qubaisi MS. Anticancer palladium-doped magnesia nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro study. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:547-561. [PMID: 32063101 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2019-0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To prepare, physicochemically characterize and determine the anticancer effects of palladium-doped magnesia (Pd/MgO) nanoparticles. Materials & methods: Pd/MgO nanoparticles were prepared by the co-precipitation method from the aqueous solution of Mg(NO3)2.6H2O using K2CO3 and the impregnation of MgO into palladium acetylacetonate. Results: Pd/MgO nanoparticles were between 47 and 70 nm in size, cuboid in shape, and tended to form aggregates. Nanoparticles were more antiproliferative toward cancer than the normal cells. In cancer cells, Pd/MgO nanoparticles induced apoptosis by increasing caspase activities and stimulating cytochrome C release. The anticancer effects of Pd/MgO nanoparticles were accentuated by the upregulation of Bax and p53 and downregulation of Bcl-2 protein expressions. Conclusion: Pd/MgO nanoparticles have potential to be developed as an anticancer compound.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdullah Rasedee
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, 43400, UPM, Malaysia.,Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, 43400, UPM, Malaysia
| | | | - Rozita Rosli
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, 43400, UPM, Malaysia
| | - Yun Hun Taufiq-Yap
- Catalysis Science & Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, 43400, UPM, Malaysia.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, 43400, UPM, Malaysia
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31
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Török G, Erdei Z, Lilienberg J, Apáti Á, Homolya L. The importance of transporters and cell polarization for the evaluation of human stem cell-derived hepatic cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227751. [PMID: 31971960 PMCID: PMC6977753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most promising applications of human pluripotent stem cells is their utilization for human-based pharmacological models. Despite the fact that membrane transporters expressed in the liver play pivotal role in various hepatic functions, thus far only little attention was devoted to the membrane transporter composition of the stem cell-derived liver models. In the present work, we have differentiated HUES9, a human embryonic stem cell line, toward the hepatic lineage, and monitored the expression levels of numerous differentiation marker and liver transporter genes with special focus on ABC transporters. In addition, the effect of bile acid treatment and polarizing culturing conditions on hepatic maturation has been assessed. We found that most transporter genes crucial for hepatic functions are markedly induced during hepatic differentiation; however, as regards the transporter composition the end-stage cells still exhibited dual, hepatocyte and cholangiocyte character. Although the bile acid treatment and sandwich culturing only slightly influenced the gene expressions, the stimulated cell polarization resulted in formation of bile canaliculi and proper localization of transporters. Our results point to the importance of membrane transporters in human stem cell-derived hepatic models and demonstrate the relevance of cell polarization in generation of applicable cellular models with correctly localized transporters. On the basis of our observations we suggest that conventional criteria for the evaluation of the quality of stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells ought to be augmented with additional elements, such as polarized and functional expression of hepatic transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Török
- Molecular Cell Biology Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Centre of Excellence, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsa Erdei
- Molecular Cell Biology Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Centre of Excellence, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Julianna Lilienberg
- Molecular Cell Biology Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Centre of Excellence, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágota Apáti
- Molecular Cell Biology Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Centre of Excellence, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Homolya
- Molecular Cell Biology Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Centre of Excellence, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail:
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32
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Delman M, Avcı ST, Akçok İ, Kanbur T, Erdal E, Çağır A. Antiproliferative activity of (R)-4'-methylklavuzon on hepatocellular carcinoma cells and EpCAM +/CD133 + cancer stem cells via SIRT1 and Exportin-1 (CRM1) inhibition. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 180:224-237. [PMID: 31306909 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxic effects of (R)-4'-methylklavuzon were investigated on hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HuH-7 and HepG2) and HuH-7 EpCAM+/CD133+ cancer stem cells. IC50 of (R)-4'-methylklavuzon was found as 1.25 μM for HuH-7 parental cells while it was found as 2.50 μM for HuH-7 EpCAM+/CD133+ cancer stem cells. (R)-4'-methylklavuzon tended to show more efficient in vitro cytotoxicity with its lower IC50 values on hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines compared to its lead molecule, goniothalamin and FDA-approved drugs, sorafenib and regorafenib. Cell-based Sirtuin/HDAC enzyme activity measurements revealed that endogenous Sirtuin/HDAC enzymes were reduced by 40% compared to control. SIRT1 protein levels were upregulated indicating triggered DNA repair mechanism. p53 was overexpressed in HepG2 cells. (R)-4'-methylklavuzon inhibited CRM1 protein providing increased retention of p53 and RIOK2 protein in the nucleus. HuH-7 parental and EpCAM+/CD133+ cancer stem cell spheroids lost intact morphology. 3D HepG2 spheroid viabilities were decreased in a correlation with upregulation in p53 protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Delman
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sanem Tercan Avcı
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, 35340, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey; Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - İsmail Akçok
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Tuğçe Kanbur
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Esra Erdal
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, 35340, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey; Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Ali Çağır
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430, Urla, Izmir, Turkey.
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33
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Design, synthesis, molecular docking and biological screening of N-ethyl-N-methylbenzenesulfonamide derivatives as effective antimicrobial and antiproliferative agents. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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34
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Comparative anticancer activity analysis of saffron extracts and a principle component, crocetin for prevention and treatment of human malignancies. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2019; 56:5435-5443. [PMID: 31749491 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-04014-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Saffron, obtained from dry stigmas of the flowers of Crocus sativus L. (fam. Iridaceae), is an ancient spice and a natural food colorant that has been used to treat various diseases in the long human history. Crocetin is of the main secondary metabolites of saffron and its curative properties for many ailments have been revealed in the previous scientific reports. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anticancer potentials of saffron extracts and its pure crocetin compounds against human cancer cells. The cytotoxic and antiproliferative activities along with lactate dehydrogenase activities of extracts and crocetin, a carotenoid derived from saffron, were assessed using A549, MCF-7 and HeLa human cancer cells, and compared to the non-malignant HUVECs. Additionally, apoptotic activity in the cells treated and untreated with the extracts and pure crocetin were determined in terms of DNA fragmentation. The results showed the extracts and crocetin from saffron induced cytotoxicity, enhanced cancer cell death as well as inhibited cancer cell growth in a concentration and time dependent manner. In addition, the results revealed that the tested compounds at different concentration had no cytotoxic effects on the non-malignant cells, whereas, it could significantly decrease the cell viability and proliferation in the malignant cells. As compared to anticancer potentials of the analyzed extracts and its pure crocetin compounds, crocetin was found as the more potent one. Overall, this research suggests that crocetin is a potential anticancer agent that can be used for cancer prevention and treatment. Graphic abstract
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Goniothalamin Induces Necroptosis and Anoikis in Human Invasive Breast Cancer MDA-MB-231 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163953. [PMID: 31416203 PMCID: PMC6720804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Goniothalamin (GTN) is toxic to several types of cancer cells in vitro. However, its effects on non-apoptotic cell death induction of human cancer cells have been poorly documented. Here, an investigation of the anti-cancer activity of GTN and the molecular signaling pathways of non-apoptotic cell death in the invasive human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell line were undertaken. Apoptotic cell death was suppressed by using a pan-caspase inhibitor (Benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-[O-methyl]-fluoromethylketone), z-VAD-fmk) as a model to study whether GTN induced caspase-independent cell death. In the anoikis study, MDA-MB-231 cells were cultured on poly-(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)- or poly-HEMA- coated plates to mimic anoikis-resistance growth and determine whether GTN induced cell death and the mechanisms involved. GTN and z-VAD-fmk induced human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells to undergo necroptosis via endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and oxidative stresses, with increased expressions of necroptotic genes such as rip1, rip3, and mlkl. GTN induced MDA-MB-231 cells to undergo anoikis via reversed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) protein expressions, inhibited the EGFR/FAK/Src survival signaling pathway, and decreased matrix metalloproteinase secretion.
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Comparative binding studies of curcumin and tangeretin on up-stream elements of NF-kB cascade: a combined molecular docking approach. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13721-019-0196-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Histological, Biochemical, and Hematological Effects of Goniothalamin on Selective Internal Organs of Male Sprague-Dawley Rats. J Toxicol 2019; 2019:6493286. [PMID: 31178909 PMCID: PMC6507267 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6493286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Goniothalamin (GTN) is an isolated compound from several plants of the genus Goniothalamus, and its anticancer effect against several cancers was reported. However, there is no scientific data about effects of its higher doses on internal organs. Accordingly, this study aimed to evaluate the acute and subacute effects of higher doses of GTN on the hematology, biochemistry, and histology of selected internal organs of male Sprague-Dawley rats. In acute study, 35 rats were distributed in 5 groups (n=7) which were intraperitoneally (IP) injected with a single dose of either 100, 200, 300, 400, or 500 mg/kg of GTN, while extra 7 rats serve as a normal control. In subacute study, 7 rats were IP-injected with a daily dose of 42 mg/kg of GTN for 14 days, while another 7 rats serve as a normal control group. The normal controls in both studies were IP-injected simultaneously with 2 ml/kg of 10% DMSO in PBS. At the end of both tests, rats were sacrificed to collect blood for hematology and biochemistry and harvest livers, kidneys, lungs, hearts, spleens, and brains for histology. During acute and subacute exposure, no abnormal changes were observed in the hematology, biochemistry, and histology of the internal organs. However, the 300, 400, and 500 mg/kg of GTN during acute exposure were associated with morbidities and mortalities. Ultimately, GTN could be safe up to the dose of 200 mg/kg, and the dose of 42 mg/kg of GTN was tolerated well.
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Charoensit P, Pompimon W, Khorana N, Sungthongjeen S. Effect of amide linkage of PEG-lipid conjugates on the stability and cytotoxic activity of goniodiol loaded in PEGylated liposomes. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Herath HMPD, Preston S, Jabbar A, Garcia-Bustos J, Addison RS, Hayes S, Rali T, Wang T, Koehler AV, Chang BCH, Hofmann A, Davis RA, Gasser RB. Selected α-pyrones from the plants Cryptocarya novoguineensis (Lauraceae) and Piper methysticum (Piperaceae) with activity against Haemonchus contortus in vitro. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-DRUGS AND DRUG RESISTANCE 2019; 9:72-79. [PMID: 30739078 PMCID: PMC6369141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Due to the widespread occurrence and spread of anthelmintic resistance, there is a need to develop new drugs against resistant parasitic nematodes of livestock animals. The Nobel Prize-winning discovery and development of the anti-parasitic drugs avermectin and artemisinin has renewed the interest in exploring natural products as anthelmintics. In the present study, we screened 7500 plant extracts for in vitro-activity against the barber's pole worm, Haemonchus contortus, a highly significant pathogen of ruminants. The anthelmintic extracts from two plants, Cryptocarya novoguineensis and Piper methysticum, were fractionated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Subsequently, compounds were purified from fractions with significant biological activity. Four α-pyrones, namely goniothalamin (GNT), dihydrokavain (DHK), desmethoxyyangonin (DMY) and yangonin (YGN), were purified from fractions from the two plants, GNT from C. novoguineensis, and DHK, DMY and YGN (= kavalactones) from P. methysticum. The three kavalactones induced a lethal, eviscerated (Evi) phenotype in treated exsheathed third-stage larvae (xL3s), and DMY and YGN had moderate potencies (IC50 values of 31.7 ± 0.23 μM and 23.7 ± 2.05 μM, respectively) at inhibiting the development of xL3s to fourth-stage larvae (L4s). Although GNT had limited potency (IC50 of 200–300 μM) at inhibiting L4 development, it was the only compound that reduced L4 motility (IC50 of 6.25–12.50 μM). The compounds purified from each plant affected H. contortus in an irreversible manner. These findings suggest that structure-activity relationship studies of α-pyrones should be pursued to assess their potential as anthelmintics. 7500 plant extracts were screened against Haemonchus for anthelmintic activity. Three of these extracts were potent inhibitors of larval motility and/or development. Pure α-pyrones isolated from active fractions exhibited significant nematocidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M P Dilrukshi Herath
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Sarah Preston
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University, Ballarat, Victoria 3350, Australia
| | - Abdul Jabbar
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jose Garcia-Bustos
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Russell S Addison
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Sasha Hayes
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Topul Rali
- School of Natural & Physical Sciences, The University of Papua New Guinea, PO Box 320, University 134, National Capital District, Papua New Guinea
| | - Tao Wang
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Anson V Koehler
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Bill C H Chang
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Andreas Hofmann
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Rohan A Davis
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Robin B Gasser
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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Sunil K, Thummala Y, Dalovai P, Balasubramanian S, Karunakar GV. A gold-catalyzed facile intramolecular rearrangement and cyclization sequence for synthesis of 2,5-dihydrofurans. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:6015-6024. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00756c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient gold-catalyzed intramolecular rearrangement and cyclization protocol was developed for synthesis of 2,5-dihydrofuran derivatives via formation of a new C–C and C–O bond with a quaternary centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komalla Sunil
- Department of Fluoro and Agrochemicals
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- India
| | - Yadagiri Thummala
- Department of Fluoro and Agrochemicals
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
| | - Purnachandar Dalovai
- Department of Fluoro and Agrochemicals
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
| | | | - Galla V. Karunakar
- Department of Fluoro and Agrochemicals
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
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Synthesis, antituberculosis studies and biological evaluation of new quinoline derivatives carrying 1,2,4-oxadiazole moiety. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 29:97-102. [PMID: 30448235 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is the infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), responsible for the utmost number of deaths annually across the world. Herein, twenty-one new substituted 1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-ylmethyl-piperazin-1-yl-quinoline derivatives were designed and synthesized through multistep synthesis followed by in vitro evaluation of their antitubercular potential against Mtb WT H37Rv. The compound QD-18 was found to be promising with MIC value of 0.5 µg/ml and QD-19 to QD-21 were also remarkable with MIC value of 0.25 µg/ml. Additionally, we have carried out experiments to confirm the metabolic stability, cytotoxicity and pharmacokinetics of these compounds along with kill kinetics of QD-18. These compounds were found to be orally bioavailable and highly effective. Altogether, these results indicate that QD-18, QD-19, QD-20 and QD-21 are promising lead compounds for the development of a novel chemical class of antitubercular drugs.
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Abdel‐Mohsen MA, Toson EA, Helal MA. Oncostatic treatment effect of triple negative breast cancer cell line with copper (I)‐nicotinate complex. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:4278-4290. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Abdel‐Mohsen
- Department of Applied Medical Chemistry Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt
| | - Elshahat A. Toson
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science, Damietta University Damietta Egypt
| | - Marihan A. Helal
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science, Damietta University Damietta Egypt
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Silva RS, Kido LA, Montico F, Vendramini-Costa DB, Pilli RA, Cagnon VHA. Steroidal hormone and morphological responses in the prostate anterior lobe in different cancer grades after Celecoxib and Goniothalamin treatments in TRAMP mice. Cell Biol Int 2018; 42:1006-1020. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Sauce Silva
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology; Institute of Biology; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); P.O. Box 6109, 13083-865 Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Larissa Akemi Kido
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology; Institute of Biology; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); P.O. Box 6109, 13083-865 Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Fabio Montico
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology; Institute of Biology; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); P.O. Box 6109, 13083-865 Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | | | - Ronaldo Aloise Pilli
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Valeria Helena Alves Cagnon
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology; Institute of Biology; University of Campinas (UNICAMP); P.O. Box 6109, 13083-865 Campinas São Paulo Brazil
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Pentamethinium salts as ligands for cancer: Sulfated polysaccharide co-receptors as possible therapeutic target. Bioorg Chem 2018; 82:74-85. [PMID: 30273836 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A series of pentamethinium salts with benzothiazolium and indolium side units comprising one or two positive charges were designed and synthesized to determine the relationships among the molecular structure, charge density, affinity to sulfated polysaccharides, and biological activity. Firstly, it was found that the affinity of the pentamethinium salts to sulfated polysaccharides correlated with their biological activity. Secondly, the side heteroaromates displayed a strong effect on the cytotoxicity and selectivity towards cancer cells. Finally, doubly charged pentamethinium salts possessing benzothiazolium side units exhibited remarkably high efficacy against a taxol-resistant cancer cell line.
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Buschauer S, Koch A, Wiggermann P, Müller M, Hellerbrand C. Hepatocellular carcinoma cells surviving doxorubicin treatment exhibit increased migratory potential and resistance to doxorubicin re-treatment in vitro. Oncol Lett 2018. [PMID: 29541235 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is an established therapeutic approach for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although patients who undergo TACE may have prolonged survival, there are indications that the malignancy of residual HCC tissue can increase subsequent to the procedure. Although hypoxia, which occurs during TACE due to ischemia, is known to contribute to angiogenesis, little is known with regard to the undesirable effects of chemotherapeutic agents on residual HCC cells. Doxorubicin is one of the most commonly used drugs in TACE. The aim of the present study was to analyze alterations in Hep3B and HepG2 human HCC cell lines surviving doxorubicin treatment in vitro. Initially, the toxic concentration range was determined, and doxorubicin was subsequently applied in concentrations that killed >80% of the HCC cells. During the first days subsequent to treatment, surviving cells had higher expression levels of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition marker SNAIL, and exhibited increased migratory activity compared with control cells. At 3 weeks after the first doxorubicin treatment, surviving HCC cells tolerated significantly higher doxorubicin concentrations compared with control cells. As a potential explanation for this doxorubicin resistance, significantly increased mRNA expression levels of ATP-binding cassette ABCB1 (multidrug resistance protein 1) and ABCC1 (multidrug resistance-associated protein 1) were observed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In summary, these findings indicate that, following TACE treatment, hypoxia as well as doxorubicin may induce a more malignant phenotype in surviving HCC cells and decrease susceptibility to further chemotherapeutic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Buschauer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Koch
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Wiggermann
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Regensburg, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martina Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Claus Hellerbrand
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Kanbur T, Kara M, Kutluer M, Şen A, Delman M, Alkan A, Otaş HO, Akçok İ, Çağır A. CRM1 inhibitory and antiproliferative activities of novel 4'-alkyl substituted klavuzon derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:4444-4451. [PMID: 28689976 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Klavuzons are 6-(naphthalen-1-yl) substituted 5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one derivatives showing promising antiproliferative activities in variety of cancer cell lines. In this work, racemic syntheses of nine novel 4'-alkyl substituted klavuzon derivatives were completed in eight steps and anticancer properties of these compounds were evaluated. It is found that size of the substituent has dramatic effect over the potency and selectivity of the cytotoxic activity in cancerous and healthy pancreatic cell lines. The size of the substituent can also effect the CRM1 inhibitory properties of klavuzon derivatives. Strong cytotoxic activity and CRM1 inhibition can be observed only when a small substituent present at 4'-position of naphthalen-1-yl group. However, these substituents makes the molecule more cytotoxic in healthy pancreatic cells rather than cancerous pancreatic cells. Among the tested compounds 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrophenanthren-9-yl substituted lactone was the most cytotoxic compound and its antiproliferative activity was also tested in 3D spheroids generated from HuH-7 cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuğçe Kanbur
- İzmir Institute of Technology, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Urla 35430, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Murat Kara
- İzmir Institute of Technology, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Urla 35430, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Meltem Kutluer
- İzmir Institute of Technology, Biotechnology and Bioengineering Graduate Program, Urla 35430, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Şen
- İzmir Institute of Technology, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Urla 35430, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Murat Delman
- İzmir Institute of Technology, Biotechnology and Bioengineering Graduate Program, Urla 35430, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Aylin Alkan
- İzmir Institute of Technology, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Urla 35430, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Hasan Ozan Otaş
- İzmir Institute of Technology, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Urla 35430, İzmir, Turkey
| | - İsmail Akçok
- İzmir Institute of Technology, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Urla 35430, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Ali Çağır
- İzmir Institute of Technology, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Urla 35430, İzmir, Turkey.
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Phenotypic Assays for Characterizing Compound Effects on Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiac Spheroids. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2017; 15:280-296. [DOI: 10.1089/adt.2017.792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Sun Q, Wang J, Li Y, Zhuang J, Zhang Q, Sun X, Sun D. Synthesis and evaluation of cytotoxic activities of artemisinin derivatives. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017; 90:1019-1028. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Sun
- Marine College; Shandong University at Weihai; Weihai China
| | - Jin Wang
- Marine College; Shandong University at Weihai; Weihai China
| | - Yao Li
- Marine College; Shandong University at Weihai; Weihai China
| | | | - Qian Zhang
- Marine College; Shandong University at Weihai; Weihai China
| | - Xiao Sun
- Marine College; Shandong University at Weihai; Weihai China
| | - Dequn Sun
- Marine College; Shandong University at Weihai; Weihai China
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Liu X, Hao J, He X, Wang S, Cao S, Qin L, Mao W. A rhamnan-type sulfated polysaccharide with novel structure from Monostroma angicava Kjellm (Chlorophyta) and its bioactivity. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 173:732-748. [PMID: 28732920 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A homogeneous polysaccharide was obtained from Monostroma angicava Kjellm by water extraction, preparative anion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography. Results of chemical and spectroscopic analyses showed that the polysaccharide was a glucuronic acid-containing rhamnan-type sulfated polysaccharide. The backbone mainly consisted of →3)-α-l-Rhap-(1→ and →2)-α-l-Rhap-(1→ residues, partially sulfated at C-2 of →3)-α-l-Rhap-(1→ and C-3/C-4 of →2)-α-l-Rhap-(1→. The branching contained unsulfated or monosulfated 3-linked, 2-linked, 4-linked α-l-rhamnose and terminal β-d-glucuronic acid residues. The polysaccharide had strong antidiabetic activity assessed by glucose consumption, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels using human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. The polysaccharide exhibited high anticoagulant property by activated partial thromboplastin time and thrombin time assays, and possessed high fibrin(ogen)olytic activity evaluated by plasminogen activator inhibitior-1, fibrin(ogen) degradation products and D-dimer levels using rats plasma. The investigation demonstrated that the polysaccharide from Monostroma angicava Kjellm was a novel sulfated rhamnan and could be a potential antidiabetic and anticoagulant polysaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jiejie Hao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Xiaoxi He
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shuyao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Sujian Cao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ling Qin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Wenjun Mao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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50
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Kido LA, Montico F, Vendramini-Costa DB, Pilli RA, Cagnon VHA. Goniothalamin and Celecoxib Effects During Aging: Targeting Pro-Inflammatory Mediators in Chemoprevention of Prostatic Disorders. Prostate 2017; 77:838-848. [PMID: 28191652 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate is highly affected by aging, which lead to inflammatory disorders that can predispose to cancer development. Chemoprevention has emerged as a new therapeutic approach, intensifying studies evaluating the biological properties of new compounds. The aim of this study was to characterize the inflammatory responses in the prostate ventral lobe from senile mice treated with Goniothalamin (GTN), a promising natural compound with anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative properties. Its activity was compared to Celecoxib, an established nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). METHODS The animals were divided into: Control groups; Young (18-week-old FVB), Senile (52-week-old FVB). Treated groups: Senile-Goniothalamin (150 mg/kg orally), Senile-Celecoxib (10 mg/kg orally). The ventral lobe was collected after 4 weeks for light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, ELISA, and Western blotting analysis. RESULTS Both treatments were efficient in controlling the inflammatory process in the prostate from senile mice, maintaining the glandular morphology integrity. GTN reduced all inflammatory mediators evaluated (TNF-α, COX-2, iNOS) and different from Celecoxib, it also decreased the protein levels of NF-kB and p-NF-kB. CONCLUSIONS Finally, GTN and Celecoxib controlled inflammation in the prostate, and sensitized the senescent microenvironment to anti-inflammatory stimuli. Thus, both treatments are indicated as potential drugs in the prostatic diseases prevention during senescence. Prostate 77:838-848, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Akemi Kido
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio Montico
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ronaldo Aloise Pilli
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valeria Helena Alves Cagnon
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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