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Yao H, Yang J, Li S, Cui SW, Tan H, Nie S. Effects of different fractions of polysaccharides from Dictyophora indusiata on high-fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 272:132744. [PMID: 38834122 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Dictyophora indusiata is a common edible mushroom with great potential in the field of medicine against metabolic disorders, inflammation, and immunodeficiency. Our previous studies have shown that different fractions of the polysaccharide from Dictyophora indusiata (DIP) have various structural characteristics and morphology. However, the impact of the structural features on the protective effects of DIP against metabolic syndrome remains unclear. In this study, three distinct polysaccharide fractions have been extracted from Dictyophora indusiata and a high-fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome (MetS) was constructed in mice. The effects of these fractions on a range of MetS-associated endpoints, including abnormal blood glucose, lipid profiles, body fat content, liver function, intestinal microbiota and their metabolites were investigated. Through correlation analysis, the potential link between the monosaccharide composition of the polysaccharides and their biological activities was determined. The study aimed to explore the potential mechanisms and ameliorative effects of these polysaccharide fractions on MetS, thereby providing statistical evidence for understanding the relationship between monosaccharides composition of Dictyophora indusiata polysaccharides and their potential utility in treating metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Jingrui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Song Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Steve W Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Huizi Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Shaoping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
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Langhi C, Vallier M, Bron A, Otero YF, Maura M, Le Joubioux F, Blomberg N, Giera M, Guigas B, Maugard T, Chassaing B, Peltier S, Blanquet-Diot S, Bard JM, Sirvent P. A polyphenol-rich plant extract prevents hypercholesterolemia and modulates gut microbiota in western diet-fed mice. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1342388. [PMID: 38317864 PMCID: PMC10839041 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1342388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Totum-070 is a combination of five plant extracts enriched in polyphenols to target hypercholesterolemia, one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Totum-070 on cholesterol levels in an animal model of diet-induced hypercholesterolemia. Methods C57BL/6JOlaHsd male mice were fed a Western diet and received Totum-070, or not, by daily gavage (1g/kg and 3g/kg body weight) for 6 weeks. Results The Western diet induced obesity, fat accumulation, hepatic steatosis and increased plasma cholesterol compared with the control group. All these metabolic perturbations were alleviated by Totum-070 supplementation in a dose-dependent manner. Lipid excretion in feces was higher in mice supplemented with Totum-070, suggesting inhibition of intestinal lipid absorption. Totum-070 also increased the fecal concentration of short chain fatty acids, demonstrating a direct effect on intestinal microbiota. Discussion The characterization of fecal microbiota by 16S amplicon sequencing showed that Totum-070 supplementation modulated the dysbiosis associated with metabolic disorders. Specifically, Totum-070 increased the relative abundance of Muribaculum (a beneficial bacterium) and reduced that of Lactococcus (a genus positively correlated with increased plasma cholesterol level). Together, these findings indicate that the cholesterol-lowering effect of Totum-070 bioactive molecules could be mediated through multiple actions on the intestine and gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Auriane Bron
- UMR 454 Microbiologie Environnement DIgestif et Santé (MEDIS), Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | | | | | - Niek Blomberg
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Martin Giera
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Bruno Guigas
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Thierry Maugard
- Equipe BCBS (Biotechnologies et Chimie des Bioressources Pour la Santé), UMR CNRS 7266 LIENSs, La Rochelle Université, La Rochelle, France
| | - Benoit Chassaing
- Team “Mucosal Microbiota in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases”, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Stéphanie Blanquet-Diot
- UMR 454 Microbiologie Environnement DIgestif et Santé (MEDIS), Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Marie Bard
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Générale et Appliquée, UFR de Pharmacie, ISOMer-UE 2160, IUML-Institut Universitaire Mer et Littoral-FR3473 CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
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Langhi C, Vallier M, Otero YF, Maura M, Le Joubioux F, Groult H, Achour O, Pebriana RB, Giera M, Guigas B, Maugard T, Chassaing B, Peltier S, Bard JM, Sirvent P. Totum-070, a Polyphenol-Rich Plant Extract, Prevents Hypercholesterolemia in High-Fat Diet-Fed Hamsters by Inhibiting Intestinal Cholesterol Absorption. Nutrients 2023; 15:5056. [PMID: 38140315 PMCID: PMC10746001 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality worldwide, and hypercholesterolemia is a central risk factor for atherosclerosis. This study evaluated the effects of Totum-070, a plant-based polyphenol-rich supplement, in hamsters with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced dyslipidemia. The molecular mechanisms of action were explored using human Caco2 enterocytes. Totum-070 supplementation reduced the total cholesterol (-41%), non-HDL cholesterol (-47%), and triglycerides (-46%) in a dose-dependent manner, compared with HFD. HFD-induced hepatic steatosis was also significantly decreased by Totum-070, an effect associated with the reduction in various lipid and inflammatory gene expression. Upon challenging with olive oil gavage, the post-prandial triglyceride levels were strongly reduced. The sterol excretion in the feces was increased in the HFD-Totum-070 groups compared with the HFD group and associated with reduction of intestinal cholesterol absorption. These effects were confirmed in the Caco2 cells, where incubation with Totum-070 inhibited cholesterol uptake and apolipoprotein B secretion. Furthermore, a microbiota composition analysis revealed a strong effect of Totum-070 on the alpha and beta diversity of bacterial species and a significant decrease in the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio. Altogether, our findings indicate that Totum-070 lowers hypercholesterolemia by reducing intestinal cholesterol absorption, suggesting that its use as dietary supplement may be explored as a new preventive strategy for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Langhi
- R&D Riom Center, Valbiotis, 20-22 rue Henri et Gilberte Goudier, 63200 Riom, France
| | - Marie Vallier
- R&D Riom Center, Valbiotis, 20-22 rue Henri et Gilberte Goudier, 63200 Riom, France
| | - Yolanda F. Otero
- R&D Riom Center, Valbiotis, 20-22 rue Henri et Gilberte Goudier, 63200 Riom, France
| | - Maheva Maura
- R&D Center, Valbiotis, 23 Avenue Albert Einstein, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | | | - Hugo Groult
- Equipe BCBS (Biotechnologies et Chimie des Bioressources pour la Santé), UMR (Unité Mixte de Recherche) CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) 7266 LIENSs (LIttoral ENvironnement Et Sociétés), La Rochelle Université, 17042 La Rochelle, France
| | - Oussama Achour
- BioAqtiv, Equipe BCBS (Biotechnologies et Chimie des Bioressources pour la Santé), LIENSs (LIttoral ENvironnement Et Sociétés), UMR (Unité Mixte de Recherche) 7266 CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), La Rochelle Université, 17042 La Rochelle, France
| | - Ratna Budhi Pebriana
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albi-nusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Giera
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albi-nusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno Guigas
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thierry Maugard
- Equipe BCBS (Biotechnologies et Chimie des Bioressources pour la Santé), UMR (Unité Mixte de Recherche) CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) 7266 LIENSs (LIttoral ENvironnement Et Sociétés), La Rochelle Université, 17042 La Rochelle, France
| | - Benoit Chassaing
- Team “Mucosal Microbiota in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases”, Institut Cochin, INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Peltier
- R&D Périgny Center, Valbiotis, 12F rue Paul Vatine, 17180 Périgny, France
| | - Jean-Marie Bard
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Générale et Appliquée, UFR (Unité de Formation et de Recherche) de Pharmacie, ISOMer-UE 2160, IUML-Institut Universitaire Mer et Littoral-FR3473 CNRS, Université de Nantes, 44035 Nantes, France
| | - Pascal Sirvent
- R&D Riom Center, Valbiotis, 20-22 rue Henri et Gilberte Goudier, 63200 Riom, France
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Shirkhani S, Marandi SM, Nasr-Esfahani MH, Kim SK. Effects Of Exercise Training And Chlorogenic Acid Supplementation On Hepatic Lipid Metabolism In Prediabetes Mice. Diabetes Metab J 2023; 47:771-783. [PMID: 37690781 PMCID: PMC10695722 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2022.0265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGRUOUND Since prediabetes is a risk factor for metabolic syndromes, it is important to promote a healthy lifestyle to prevent prediabetes. This study aimed to determine the effects of green coffee (GC), chlorogenic acid (CGA) intake, and exercise training (EX) on hepatic lipid metabolism in prediabetes male C57BL/6 mice. METHODS Forty-nine mice were randomly divided into two groups feeding with a normal diet (n=7) or a high-fat diet (HFD, n=42) for 12 weeks. Then, HFD mice were further divided into six groups (n=7/group): control (pre-D), GC, CGA, EX, GC+EX, and CGA+EX. After additional 10 weeks under the same diet, plasma, and liver samples were obtained. RESULTS HFD-induced prediabetes conditions with increases in body weight, glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, and lipid profiles were alleviated in all treatment groups. Acsl3, a candidate gene identified through an in silico approach, was lowered in the pre-D group, while treatments partly restored it. HFD induced adverse alterations of de novo lipogenesis- and β oxidation-associated molecules in the liver. However, GC and CGA supplementation and EX reversed or ameliorated these changes. In most cases, GC or CGA supplementation combined with EX has no synergistic effect and the GC group had similar results to the CGA group. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that regular exercise is an effective non-therapeutic approach for prediabetes, and CGA supplementation could be an alternative to partially mimic the beneficial effects of exercise on prediabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Shirkhani
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sayyed Mohammad Marandi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, ACECR, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seung Kyum Kim
- Department of Sports Science, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
- Sports Science Research Institute, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
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Sawie HG, Khadrawy YA, El-Gizawy MM, Mourad HH, Omara EA, Hosny EN. Effect of alpha-lipoic acid and caffeine-loaded chitosan nanoparticles on obesity and its complications in liver and kidney in rats. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:3017-3031. [PMID: 37306714 PMCID: PMC10567965 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02507-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present work investigated the effect of α-lipoic acid (ALA) and caffeine-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CAF-CS NPs) on obesity and its hepatic and renal complications in rats. Rats were divided into control, rat model of obesity induced by high fat diet (HFD), and obese rats treated with ALA and/or CAF-CS NPs. At the end of the experiment, the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and the levels of urea, creatinine, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were determined in the sera of animals. In addition, malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and reduced glutathione (GSH) were measured in hepatic and renal tissues. Renal Na+, K+-ATPase was assessed. The histopathological changes were examined in the hepatic and renal tissues. Obese rats showed a significant increase in AST, ALT, ALP, urea, and creatinine. This was associated with a significant increase in IL-1β, TNF-α, MDA, and NO. A significant decrease in hepatic and renal GSH and renal Na+, K+-ATPase activity was recorded in obese rats. Obese rats also showed histopathological alterations in hepatic and renal tissues. Treatment with ALA and/or CAF-CS NPs reduced the weight of obese rats and ameliorated almost all the hepatic and renal biochemical and histopathological changes induced in obese rats. In conclusion, the present findings indicate that ALA and/or CAF-CS NPs offered an effective therapy against obesity induced by HFD and its hepatic and renal complications. The therapeutic effect of ALA and CAF-CS NPs could be mediated through their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein G Sawie
- Medical Physiology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, El-Behouth St, Giza, Egypt
| | - Yasser A Khadrawy
- Medical Physiology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, El-Behouth St, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mayada M El-Gizawy
- Medical Physiology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, El-Behouth St, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hagar H Mourad
- Medical Physiology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, El-Behouth St, Giza, Egypt
| | - Enayat A Omara
- Pathology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman N Hosny
- Medical Physiology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, El-Behouth St, Giza, Egypt.
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Zeng X, Zhao W, Wang S, Xiong H, Wu J, Ren J. L. barbarum (Lycium barbarum L.) supplementation for lipid profiles in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34952. [PMID: 37773857 PMCID: PMC10545344 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyslipidemia is a global health concern with an increasing prevalence worldwide. Lycium barbarum (L. barbarum) is widely used as a medicinal and functional food, and evidence suggests that it may be beneficial for lipid management. In this study, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of L. barbarum supplementation on lipid profiles in adults. METHODS PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Wanfang Database were searched from inception until October 2022. The random-effect model was applied, and the pooled effect sizes were expressed as mean differences (MDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS The meta-analysis of 5 randomized controlled trials involving 259 subjects indicated that L. barbarum supplementation significantly decreased the triglyceride (TG) concentration (MD: 0.14 mmol/L, 95% CI: 0.08-0.20) and increased the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration (HDL-C) (MD: -0.07 mmol/L, 95% CI: -0.13 to -0.01). However, the reductions in total cholesterol (TC) concentration (MD: 0.11 mmol/L, 95% CI: -0.37 to 0.59) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration (MD: 0.21 mmol/L, 95% CI: -0.46 to 0.89) were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION The present study showed that L. barbarum supplementation might have some beneficial effects on TG and HDL-C concentrations in adults, and L. barbarum fruit has an even greater effect on TG and HDL-C concentrations. Considering the sensitivity analyses and limitations of the study included, further large-scale studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyuan Zeng
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, PR China
| | - Weimin Zhao
- The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, PR China
| | - Siming Wang
- Northeast Asian Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, PR China
| | - Huazhong Xiong
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, PR China
| | - Junliang Wu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, PR China
| | - Jixiang Ren
- The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, PR China
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David L, Morosan V, Moldovan B, Filip GA, Baldea I. Goji-Berry-Mediated Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles and Their Promising Effect on Reducing Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Experimental Hyperglycemia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1489. [PMID: 37627484 PMCID: PMC10451488 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The present report focuses on a rapid and convenient method applicable in the green synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using goji berry (Lycium barbarum-LB) extracts rich in antioxidant compounds, as well as on the structural analysis and evaluation of the induced antioxidant protection and anti-inflammatory effects of the synthesized gold nanoparticles upon endothelial cells (HUVECs) exposed to hyperglycemia. The synthesized AuNPs were characterized using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), whereas the presence of bioactive compounds from the L. barbarum fruit extract on the surface of the nanoparticles was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The antioxidant activity of the biosynthesized gold nanoparticles was evaluated on the HUVEC cell line. The results reveal that AuNPs with a predominantly spherical shape and an average size of 30 nm were obtained. The UV-Vis spectrum showed a characteristic absorption band at λmax = 536 nm of AuNPs. FTIR analysis revealed the presence of phenolic acids, flavonoids and carotenoids acting as capping and stabilizing agents of AuNPs. Both the L. barbarum extract and AuNPs were well tolerated by HUVECs, increased the antioxidant defense and decreased the production of inflammatory cytokines induced via hyperglycemia-mediated oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luminita David
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, “Babeş-Bolyai” University, 11 Arany Janos Street, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.D.); (V.M.)
| | - Valentina Morosan
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, “Babeş-Bolyai” University, 11 Arany Janos Street, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.D.); (V.M.)
| | - Bianca Moldovan
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, “Babeş-Bolyai” University, 11 Arany Janos Street, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.D.); (V.M.)
| | - Gabriela Adriana Filip
- Department of Physiology, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 1-3 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.A.F.); (I.B.)
| | - Ioana Baldea
- Department of Physiology, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 1-3 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.A.F.); (I.B.)
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Gündoğdu H, Sari EK. Immunohistochemical determination of somatostatin release in gastric tissue of rats fed with a high-fat and cholesterol diet. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2023; 14:309-315. [PMID: 37383650 PMCID: PMC10298842 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2022.551598.3441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of a high-fat and cholesterol diet (HFCD) on rats' gastric mucosa. In the study, a total of 16 (40-day-old Sprague Dawley) male rats were used and randomly divided into two groups (each consisted of eight rats). The rats in control group had no implementations other than normal feeding. For 10 weeks, rats in a high-fat with cholesterol diet group had daily energy amounts provided by pellet feed mixed with 65.00% butter and 2.00% cholesterol. Before beginning the study and at the end, rats live weight was recorded and their blood samples were taken for biochemical analyses. Hematoxylin and Eosin and Crossman's triple staining techniques were used to investigate the general structure of gastric tissue. The rats fed with HFCD had statistically significant increases in live weight and total cholesterol values, and were identified to have gastric tissue degeneration. The rats' gastric tissue in control group had more intense somatostatin (SST) immunoreactivity in parietal and chief cells than the HFCD group. It was determined that feeding with the HFCD has a negative effect on SST secretion in rats and hence, this may have important areas of use such as in gastric cancer treatment and preventing complications linked to gastric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habibe Gündoğdu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Türkiye;
| | - Ebru Karadağ Sari
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Türkiye.
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Limonin mitigates cardiometabolic complications in rats with metabolic syndrome through regulation of the IRS-1/GLUT4 signalling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114448. [PMID: 36857910 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Limonin is a natural triterpenoid isolated from citrus fruit. In the present study, we examined the effects of limonin on cardiometabolic alterations in diet-induced metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome was induced in rats by feeding them a high-fat (HF) diet plus 15% fructose in drinking water for 16 weeks. They were treated with limonin (50 or 100 mg/kg) (n = 8/group) for the final 4 weeks. Increases in body weight (BW), fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum insulin, total cholesterol (TC), blood pressure (BP), liver fat accumulation, and adipocyte hypertrophy, as well as oral glucose tolerance in rats with metabolic syndrome were alleviated by limonin treatment (p < 0.05). Limonin improved ejection fraction and left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, and reduced angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity and angiotensin II (Ang II) concentration in rats with metabolic syndrome (p < 0.05). It also reduced plasma tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)- 6, leptin, malonaldehyde (MDA), and superoxide generation, and increased catalase activity in rats with metabolic syndrome compared to controls (p < 0.05). Downregulation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) and glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) protein expression in epididymal fat pads and cardiac, liver, and gastrocnemius tissues was present in metabolic syndrome, and these were restored by limonin treatment (p < 0.05). In conclusion, limonin shows a potential effect in alleviating symptoms and improving cardiometabolic disorders. These beneficial effects are linked to the reduction of the renin-angiotensin system, inflammation, oxidative stress, and improvement of IRS-1/GLUT4 protein expression in the target tissue.
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Effects of Resveratrol Against Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Rats: Role of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Insulin Resistance. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:3362005. [PMID: 35990819 PMCID: PMC9388238 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3362005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a serious health problem associated with an increase in risk factors for hepatic steatosis, which is the most common liver disease today. The goal of this study was to investigate the protective effects of resveratrol against metabolic alterations associated with a high-fat high-fructose diet (HFFD). Thirty-two male rats were randomly divided into four equal groups: control (cont.), metabolic syndrome (MS), resveratrol (Res), and metabolic syndrome treated with resveratrol (MS + Res). Resveratrol was administrated orally at a dose of 30 mg/kg·bw, daily. After 10 weeks, body weight, serum biochemical parameters, hepatic oxidative stress, inflammatory markers, as well as mRNA levels of hepatic genes related to lipid metabolism and insulin signaling were measured. In addition, the liver was examined histopathologically to detect lipid deposition. Increased body weight, hepatic dysfunction, dyslipidemia, hepatic insulin resistance, hepatic oxidative and inflammatory stress conditions, upregulation of mRNA expression level of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1-c (SREBP1-c), and downregulation of mRNA expression levels of peroxisome proliferated activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and insulin receptor substrate-2 (IR-S2) were all observed in the MS rats. Hepatic steatosis was confirmed by hematoxylin and eosin and Oil Red O staining. Administration of resveratrol reduced liver steatosis, oxidative stress, and inflammatory state. Also, it improved lipid profile as well as insulin sensitivity and reverted alterations in hepatic mRNA expression levels of the tested genes. Based on these findings, resveratrol could be proposed as a therapeutic approach for MS prevention.
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A Novel Formula Comprising Wolfberry, Figs, White Lentils, Raspberries, and Maca (WFWRM) Induced Antifatigue Effects in a Forced Exercise Mouse Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:3784580. [PMID: 35368749 PMCID: PMC8970811 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3784580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Long-term body fatigue poses a threat to human health. To explore novel sources of antifatigue medicine and food, we developed a novel formula composed of wolfberry, figs, white lentils, raspberries, and maca (WFWRM) according to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine. In this study, we explored whether the administration of the WFWRM relieves fatigue. Thirty male Kunming mice were divided into three groups, which received either intragastric administration of saline, vitamin C (100 mg/kg), or WFWRM (1.00 g/kg) every day. After 30 days of treatment, all mice exhaustively performed weight-bearing swimming. Another ten mice that did not perform swimming were treated with saline for 30 days and used as sedentary control. The antifatigue effect and biochemical oxidation phenomena were assessed in the exercise-exhausted model and sedentary controls. The histopathological changes in the liver and kidney tissues of mice were observed by performing hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. After 30 days of oral administration, the liver and kidney tissues of mice were healthy and show no pathological changes. Compared to the fatigue model group, WFWRM significantly increased the rota-rod time of the mice. Also, the concentrations of lactic acid (LA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatine kinase (CK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the WFWRM group significantly reduced. On the contrary, the levels of hepatic glycogen (LG), muscle glycogen (MG), and serum glucose (GLU) increased in the WFWRM group. Besides, WFWRM markedly reduced the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) but increased the levels of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Pearson correlation analysis indicated that the concentrations of the sources of energy (LG, MG, and GLU) significantly correlated with those of metabolites (BLA, BUN, CK, and LDH) and antioxidant levels (SOD, GSH-PX, and MDA). Overall, our results suggested that the supplementation of WFWRM could improve exercise capacity and relieve fatigue probably by normalizing energy metabolism and attenuating oxidation.
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Sun Q, Du M, Kang Y, Zhu MJ. Prebiotic effects of goji berry in protection against inflammatory bowel disease. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022:1-25. [PMID: 34991393 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2015680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing, which is concerning because IBD is a known risk factor for the development of colorectal cancer. Emerging evidence highlights environmental factors, particularly dietary factors and gut microbiota dysbiosis, as pivotal inducers of IBD onset. Goji berry, an ancient tonic food and a nutraceutical supplement, contains a range of phytochemicals such as polysaccharides, carotenoids, and polyphenols. Among these phytochemicals, L. barbarum polysaccharides (LBPs) are the most important functional constituents, which have protective effects against oxidative stress, inflammation, and neurodegeneration. Recently, the beneficial effects of goji berry and associated LBPs consumption were linked to prebiotic effects, which can prevent dysbiosis associated with IBD. This review assessed pertinent literature on the protective effects of goji berry against IBD focusing on the gut microbiota and their metabolites in mediating the observed beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Min Du
- Department of Animal Science, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Yifei Kang
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Mei-Jun Zhu
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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13
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Ni J, Au M, Kong H, Wang X, Wen C. Lycium barbarum polysaccharides in ageing and its potential use for prevention and treatment of osteoarthritis: a systematic review. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:212. [PMID: 34404395 PMCID: PMC8371808 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03385-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP), the most abundant functional component of wolfberry, is considered a potent antioxidant and an anti-ageing substance. This review aims to outline the hallmarks of ageing in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA), followed by the current understanding of the senolytic effect of LBP and its potential use in the prevention and treatment of OA. This will be discussed through the lens of molecular biology and herbal medicine. METHODS A literature search was performed from inception to March 2020 using following keywords: "Lycium barbarum polysaccharide", "DNA damage", antioxidant, anti-apoptosis, anti-inflammation, anti-ageing, osteoarthritis, chondrocytes, fibroblasts, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and "bone mesenchymal stem cell". The initial search yielded 2287 papers, from which 35 studies were selected for final analysis after screening for topic relevancy by the authors. RESULTS In literature different in vitro and in vivo ageing models are used to demonstrate LBP's ability to reduce oxidative stress, restore mitochondrial function, mitigate DNA damage, and prevent cellular senescence. All the evidence hints that LBP theoretically attenuates senescent cell accumulation and suppresses the senescence-associated secretory phenotype as observed by the reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines, like interleukin-1beta, and matrix-degrading enzymes, such as MMP-1 and MMP-13. However, there remains a lack of evidence on the disease-modifying effect of LBP in OA, although its chondroprotective, osteoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects were reported. CONCLUSION Our findings strongly support further investigations into the senolytic effect of LBP in the context of age-related OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junguo Ni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Manting Au
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Hangkin Kong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Xinluan Wang
- Centre for Translational Medical Research and Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shen Zhen, China
| | - Chunyi Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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Gao LL, Ma JM, Fan YN, Zhang YN, Ge R, Tao XJ, Zhang MW, Gao QH, Yang JJ. Lycium barbarum polysaccharide combined with aerobic exercise ameliorated nonalcoholic fatty liver disease through restoring gut microbiota, intestinal barrier and inhibiting hepatic inflammation. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:1379-1392. [PMID: 33992651 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota and intestinal permeability have been demonstrated to be the key players in the gut-liver cross talk in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBPs), which seem to be a potential prebiotic, and aerobic exercise (AE) have shown protective effects on NAFLD. However, their combined effects on intestinal microecology remain unclear. This study evaluated the effects of LBP, AE, and its combination (LBP + AE) on gut microbiota composition, intestinal barrier, and hepatic inflammation in NAFLD. LBP + AE showed high abundance and diversity of gut microbiota, restored the gut microbiota composition, increased some Bacteroidetes, short chain fatty acids, but decreased Proteobacteria and the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes. Simultaneously, LBP, AE, and LBP + AE could restore the colonic and ileum tight junctions by increasing the expression of zonula occludens-1 and occludin. They also downregulated gut-derived lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), hepatic LPS-binding proteins, inflammatory factors, and related indicators of the LPS/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway for the liver. Our results implied that LBP could be considered a prebiotic agent, and LBP + AE might be a promising treatment for NAFLD because it could maintain gut microbiota balance, thereby restoring intestinal barrier and exerting hepatic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Lu Gao
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Jia-Min Ma
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Yan-Na Fan
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Yan-Nan Zhang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Rui Ge
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xiu-Juan Tao
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Meng-Wei Zhang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Qing-Han Gao
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Jian-Jun Yang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan 750004, China.
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Neelam K, Dey S, Sim R, Lee J, Au Eong KG. Fructus lycii: A Natural Dietary Supplement for Amelioration of Retinal Diseases. Nutrients 2021; 13:246. [PMID: 33467087 PMCID: PMC7830576 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fructus lycii (F. lycii) is an exotic "berry-type" fruit of the plant Lycium barbarum that is characterized by a complex mixture of bioactive compounds distinguished by their high antioxidant potential. F. lycii is used in traditional Chinese home cooking and in the Chinese Pharmacopeia as an aid to vision and longevity as well as a remedy for diabetes to balance "yin" and "yang" in the body for about two centuries. Although a myriad of bioactive compounds have been isolated from F. lycii, polysaccharides, carotenoids, flavonoids, and phenolics represent the key functional components of F. lycii. F. lycii has been shown to exhibit a wide range of biological activities in experimental settings including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and neuroprotective effects. Despite its medicinal role dating back to the eighteenth century in the Far East and robust evidence of beneficial effects on ocular health and retinal diseases originating mainly from studies in animal models, the role of F. lycii in the clinical management of retinal diseases is yet to be established. This article comprehensively reviews the literature germane to F. lycii and retinal diseases with particular emphasis on age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and retinitis pigmentosa, which are commonly seen in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumari Neelam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore 768828, Singapore; (J.L.); (K.-G.A.E.)
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Sonali Dey
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (S.D.); (R.S.)
| | - Ralene Sim
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (S.D.); (R.S.)
| | - Jason Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore 768828, Singapore; (J.L.); (K.-G.A.E.)
| | - Kah-Guan Au Eong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore 768828, Singapore; (J.L.); (K.-G.A.E.)
- International Eye Cataract Retina Center, Farrer Park Medical Center, Singapore 217562, Singapore
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Hsieh SY, Lian YZ, Lin IH, Yang YC, Tinkov AA, Skalny AV, Chao JCJ. Combined Lycium babarum polysaccharides and C-phycocyanin increase gastric Bifidobacterium relative abundance and protect against gastric ulcer caused by aspirin in rats. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2021; 18:4. [PMID: 33407626 PMCID: PMC7789774 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00538-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin are used for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Chronic use of low-dose aspirin is associated with the occurrence of gastric ulcer. The aim of this study was to investigate the healing potential of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) from Chinese Goji berry and C-phycocyanin (CPC) from Spirulina platensis on gastric ulcer in rats. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups: normal, aspirin (700 mg/kg bw), LBP (aspirin + 100 mg/kg bw/d LBP), CPC (aspirin + 50 mg/kg bw/d CPC), and MIX (aspirin + 50 mg/kg bw/d LBP + 25 mg/kg bw/d CPC) groups. Gastric ulcer was developed by daily oral feeding of aspirin for 8 weeks. Treatments were given orally a week before ulcer induction for 9 weeks. RESULTS The MIX group elevated gastric cyclooxygenase-1, prostaglandin E2, and total nitrite and nitrate levels by 139%, 86%, and 66%, respectively, compared with the aspirin group (p < 0.05). Moreover, the MIX group reduced lipid peroxides malondialdehyde levels by 78% (p < 0.05). The treatment of LBP and/or CPC increased gastric Bifidobacterium relative abundance by 2.5-4.0 times compared with the aspirin group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that combined LBP and CPC enhance gastroprotective factors, inhibit lipid peroxidation, and increase gastric Bifidobacterium relative abundance. Combined LBP and CPC have protective potential against gastric ulcer caused by aspirin in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yu Hsieh
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yu Zhi Lian
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, 11031, Taiwan
| | - I-Hsuan Lin
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Yang
- Joint Biobank, Office of Human Research, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Alexey A Tinkov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anatoly V Skalny
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jane C-J Chao
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, 11031, Taiwan.
- Master Program in Global Health and Development, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
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Kanwal S, Aliya S, Xin Y. Anti-Obesity Effect of Dictyophora indusiata Mushroom Polysaccharide (DIP) in High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity via Regulating Inflammatory Cascades and Intestinal Microbiome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:558874. [PMID: 33329380 PMCID: PMC7717937 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.558874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial metabolic disorder characterized by low-grade chronic inflammation, hyper-permeability of the gut epithelium, and perturbation of the intestinal microbiome. Despite the numerous therapeutic efficacies of Dictyophora indusiata mushroom, its biological activity in alleviating obesity through regulation of the gut microbiota and inflammatory cascades remain obscure. Henceforth, we determined the modulatory impact of D. indusiata polysaccharide (DIP) in the high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity mice model. The experimental subjects (BALB/C mice) were supplemented with chow diet (Control group), high-fat diet (HFD group), or HFD along with DIP at a low dose [HFD + DIP(L)] and high dose [HFD + DIP(H)]. Obesity-related parameters, including body weight gain, epididymal adipocyte size, fat accumulation, adipogenic markers, lipogenic markers, inflammatory associated markers, intestinal integrity, and intestinal microbiome, were elucidated. Our findings demonstrated that the oral administration of DIP at low dose partially and at high dose significantly reversed HFD-induced obesity parameters. Furthermore, the body weight, fat accumulation, adipocyte size, adipogenic and liver associated markers, glucose levels, inflammatory cytokines, and endotoxin (Lipopolysaccharide, LPS) levels were reduced considerably. Moreover, the study revealed that DIP treatment reversed the dynamic alterations of the gut microbiome community by decreasing the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio. These findings led us to infer the therapeutic potential of DIP in alleviating HFD-induced obesity via regulating inflammatory cascades, modulating intestinal integrity and intestinal microbiome community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Kanwal
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shams Aliya
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Yi Xin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Yap NY, Loo WS, Zheng HF, Tan QM, Tan TK, Quek LYP, Tan CJ, Toh YL, Ng CC, Ang SK, Tan VKM, Ho HK, Chew L, Loh KWJ, Tan TJY, Chan A. A study protocol for HEalth-Related quality of life-intervention in survivors of Breast and other cancers experiencing cancer-related fatigue using TraditionAL Chinese Medicine: the HERBAL trial. Trials 2020; 21:909. [PMID: 33187543 PMCID: PMC7664081 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-04810-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a debilitating condition which commonly affects cancer survivors. The management of CRF remains a challenge due to the lack of effective pharmacological interventions. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) could be a potential therapeutic option for CRF. The modified Xiang Bei Yang Rong Tang (XBYRT) is a TCM herbal decoction, formulated to improve fatigue symptoms in cancer survivors. This clinical trial aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of XBYRT in improving CRF and quality of life (QOL) of cancer survivors. METHODS This is a single centre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel trial. Eighty cancer survivors will be recruited and randomized to receive the XBYRT or placebo decoction, in a ratio of 1:1. Participants will consume the XBYRT/placebo decoction daily for 8 weeks and undergo assessments at baseline and 4, 8 and 10 weeks after baseline. The participants will be assessed for patient-reported outcomes (PRO), blood biomarkers and adverse events at each time point. The primary outcome is the overall health and QOL status, at 8 weeks follow-up. The secondary outcomes are the effects of XBYRT on fatigue levels, cancer-related cognitive impairment and QOL, as assessed by PRO. The incidence of adverse events and the effects of the XBYRT decoction on blood biomarkers associated with CRF will also be evaluated. DISCUSSION Efficacy and safety outcomes from this trial will provide important clinical data to guide future large-scale randomized controlled trials, and the evaluation of the objective blood biomarkers can help to delineate the biological mechanisms of CRF. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04104113 . Registered on 26 September 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yi Yap
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Sheng Loo
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Quan Ming Tan
- Singapore Thong Chai Medical Institution, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tze Kiat Tan
- Singapore Thong Chai Medical Institution, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Chia Jie Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi Long Toh
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chiu Chin Ng
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Seng Kok Ang
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Veronique Kiak Mien Tan
- Division of Surgery & Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Han Kiat Ho
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lita Chew
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kiley Wei-Jen Loh
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tira Jing Ying Tan
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alexandre Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Clinical Pharmacy Practice, University of California, Irvine, USA.
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19
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Hameed A, Galli M, Adamska-Patruno E, Krętowski A, Ciborowski M. Select Polyphenol-Rich Berry Consumption to Defer or Deter Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Complications. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2538. [PMID: 32825710 PMCID: PMC7551116 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Berries are considered "promising functional fruits" due to their distinct and ubiquitous therapeutic contents of anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, phenolic acids, flavonoids, flavanols, alkaloids, polysaccharides, hydroxycinnamic, ellagic acid derivatives, and organic acids. These polyphenols are part of berries and the human diet, and evidence suggests that their intake is associated with a reduced risk or the reversal of metabolic pathophysiologies related to diabetes, obesity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and hypertension. This work reviewed and summarized both clinical and non-clinical findings that the consumption of berries, berry extracts, purified compounds, juices, jams, jellies, and other berry byproducts aided in the prevention and or otherwise management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and related complications. The integration of berries and berries-derived byproducts into high-carbohydrate (HCD) and high-fat (HFD) diets, also reversed/reduced the HCD/HFD-induced alterations in glucose metabolism-related pathways, and markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipid oxidation in healthy/obese/diabetic subjects. The berry polyphenols also modulate the intestinal microflora ecology by opposing the diabetic and obesity rendered symbolic reduction of Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio, intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction-restoring bacteria, short-chain fatty acids, and organic acid producing microflora. All studies proposed a number of potential mechanisms of action of respective berry bioactive compounds, although further mechanistic and molecular studies are warranted. The metabolic profiling of each berry is also included to provide up-to-date information regarding the potential anti-oxidative/antidiabetic constituents of each berry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsan Hameed
- Clinical Research Center, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (A.H.); (E.A.-P.); (A.K.)
| | - Mauro Galli
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Edyta Adamska-Patruno
- Clinical Research Center, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (A.H.); (E.A.-P.); (A.K.)
| | - Adam Krętowski
- Clinical Research Center, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (A.H.); (E.A.-P.); (A.K.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Michal Ciborowski
- Clinical Research Center, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (A.H.); (E.A.-P.); (A.K.)
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20
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Chen T, Piao M, Ehsanur Rahman SM, Zhang L, Deng Y. Influence of fermentation on antioxidant and hypolipidemic properties of maifanite mineral water-cultured common buckwheat sprouts. Food Chem 2020; 321:126741. [PMID: 32276146 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Buckwheat sprouts (BS) becomes popular due to its' health-promoting properties as food product. The effects of fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus plantarum on antioxidant and hypolipidemic activities as well as functional composition in common BS cultivated in maifanite mineral water were investigated here. DPPH and ·OH results showed higher antioxidant potential in fermented BS compared to unfermented BS, due to the higher rutin, orientin, isoorientin, vitexin, isovitexin, and total phenolic and flavonoid contents. The S. cerevisiae-fermented BS also exhibited 113% and 110% higher DPPH and ·OH scavenging activities than the L. plantarum-fermented BS, respectively. In hyperlipidemic mice, blood lipid parameters were improved as dose-dependent manner when supplemented the food with S. cerevisiae-fermented BS. Fermented BS also restored liver antioxidant levels significantly. The fermented BS had greater effect on different parameters than those of unfermented BS. Therefore, fermentation is a valuable method to enhance the bioactive potential of BS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiejun Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Meizi Piao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Syed Md Ehsanur Rahman
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Food Security, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Lehong Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yang Deng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
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21
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Pasavei AG, Mohebbati R, Boroumand N, Ghorbani A, Hosseini A, Jamshidi ST, Soukhtanloo M. Anti-Hypolipidemic and Anti-Oxidative Effects of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Origanum majorana on the Hepatosteatosis Induced with High-Fat Diet in Rats. Malays J Med Sci 2020; 27:57-69. [PMID: 32158345 PMCID: PMC7053549 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2020.27.1.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of the current study is to evaluate the antihyperlipidemic and anti-oxidative effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of marjoram (HAEM) in rats fed with a high-fat diet (HFD). Methods In the experimental study, the rats were randomly divided into four groups of five rats in each and fed with high-fat diet for 12 weeks as follows: One group (normal diet group) was fed with a standard diet, one group was fed with HFD, and two groups were fed with HFD and orally fed with 150 and 450 mg/kg/day HAEM. The serum samples and liver tissues were used for measuring the biochemical and oxidative parameters and histopathological studies. HFD induced hepatosteatosis in rats as evidenced by the altered liver enzymes activity, serum lipid profile and oxidative status. Results Serum lipid profile (triglyceride, cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein) in rats fed with HFD + HAEM (150 and 450 mg/kg/day) was significantly decreased. Furthermore, the evaluation of oxidative stress showed a reduction of the malondialdehyde (MDA) level and an increase in ferric-reducing anti-oxidant power. Meanwhile, liver enzyme activities declined in response to HAEM. Conclusion Using the HAEM could be a future therapeutic agent in treating hepatosteatosis and reducing oxidative damages of HFD in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolmomen Ghaeni Pasavei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Mohebbati
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nadia Boroumand
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ghorbani
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Azar Hosseini
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shirin Taraz Jamshidi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Soukhtanloo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Ma J, Meng X, Kang SY, Zhang J, Jung HW, Park YK. Regulatory effects of the fruit extract of Lycium chinense and its active compound, betaine, on muscle differentiation and mitochondrial biogenesis in C2C12 cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109297. [PMID: 31404771 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Our study was conducted to investigate the effects of the fruits of Lycium chinense Mill. (Lycii Fructus, LF) and its bioactive compound, betaine, on muscle differentiation and mitochondrial biogenesis in C2C12 cells. LF extract and betaine was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The expression of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator1-alpha (PGC-1α), sirtuin-1(Sirt-1), nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF-1), transcription factor A, mitochondrial (TFAM) and the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), were determined in cellular or mitochondrial levels by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) or Western blot, respectively. The glucose levels and total ATP contents were measured by the glucose consumption in a culture medium, cellular glucose uptake and ATP assays. LF extract at 4 mg/ml and betaine at 2 and 5 mM significantly increased the expression of MyHC in C2C12 myotubes, compared with non-treated cells. LF extract and betaine significantly increased the expression of PGC-1α, Sirt-1, NRF-1 and TFAM mRNA and protein in the myotubes, as well as phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC. Furthermore, LF extract and betaine significantly increased the mitochondrial protein contents, as the TFAM and NRF-1 expressions were increased. LF extract and betaine also significantly increased the glucose uptake and ATP contents in the myotubes. The LF extract contained 3.18% betaine was quantitated by HPLC. LF extract and betaine enhanced muscle differentiation and energy metabolism through the up-regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis-regulating factors, suggesting that LF extract and betaine can help to prevent the dysfunction of skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junnan Ma
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38066, South Korea.
| | - Xianglong Meng
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38066, South Korea.
| | - Seok Yong Kang
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38066, South Korea.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Department of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China.
| | - Hyo Won Jung
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38066, South Korea; Korean Medicine R&D Center, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38066, South Korea.
| | - Yong-Ki Park
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38066, South Korea; Korean Medicine R&D Center, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38066, South Korea.
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Tan X, Sun Z, Ye C, Lin H. The effects of dietary Lycium barbarum extract on growth performance, liver health and immune related genes expression in hybrid grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus♂ × E. fuscoguttatus♀) fed high lipid diets. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 87:847-852. [PMID: 30790662 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Growth performance, hepatic morphology and antioxidant ability, and expressions of antioxidant, inflammatory and apoptosis related genes were investigated in hybrid grouper fed high lipid diets containing 0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 10 g kg-1Lycium barbarum extract (LBE) for 8-week feeding. The study showed that dietary LBE significantly increased weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) of fish (P < 0.05), the highest WGR and SGR were observed in fish fed 10.00 g kg-1 LBE diet. Dietary LBE improved liver morphology by decreasing hepatocyte necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration induced by high lipid diets. Meanwhile, high lipid diets supplemented with 0.5-2 g kg-1 LBE improved hepatic antioxidant ability by increasing the expression of antioxidant genes (GPx and CAT) and decreasing Keap1 mRNA levels. Moreover, dietary supplementation with 0.50-2.00 g kg -1 LBE significantly decreased IL-8, caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 mRNA levels and significantly increased IL-10 and TGF-β1 mRNA levels in the liver of fish fed high lipid diets. In conclusion, high lipid diets supplemented with LBE improved growth performance, feed utilization and liver health in hybrid groupers by increasing hepatic antioxidant enzymes activity and its genes expression, as well as inhibition of hepatic inflammatory response and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, PR China
| | - Zhenzhu Sun
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Chaoxia Ye
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China.
| | - Heizhao Lin
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, PR China.
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Ma ZF, Zhang H, Teh SS, Wang CW, Zhang Y, Hayford F, Wang L, Ma T, Dong Z, Zhang Y, Zhu Y. Goji Berries as a Potential Natural Antioxidant Medicine: An Insight into Their Molecular Mechanisms of Action. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:2437397. [PMID: 30728882 PMCID: PMC6343173 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2437397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Goji berries (Lycium fruits) are usually found in Asia, particularly in northwest regions of China. Traditionally, dried goji berries are cooked before they are consumed. They are commonly used in Chinese soups and as herbal tea. Moreover, goji berries are used for the production of tincture, wine, and juice. Goji berries are high antioxidant potential fruits which alleviate oxidative stress to confer many health protective benefits such as preventing free radicals from damaging DNA, lipids, and proteins. Therefore, the aim of the review was to focus on the bioactive compounds and pharmacological properties of goji berries including their molecular mechanisms of action. The health benefits of goji berries include enhancing hemopoiesis, antiradiation, antiaging, anticancer, improvement of immunity, and antioxidation. There is a better protection through synergistic and additive effects in fruits and herbal products from a complex mixture of phytochemicals when compared to one single phytochemical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Feei Ma
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, 15200 Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Sue Siang Teh
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Kuala Lumpur 53300, Malaysia
| | - Chee Woon Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, MAHSA University, Bandar Saujana Putra, Jenjarom, 42610 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yutong Zhang
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China
| | - Frank Hayford
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box KB143, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana
| | - Liuyi Wang
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Tong Ma
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Institutes of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zihan Dong
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yifan Zhu
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
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Leite FDG, Oshiro Júnior JA, Chiavacci LA, Chiari-Andréo BG. Assessment of an anti-ageing structured cosmetic formulation containing goji berry. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902019000217412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Protective Effects of Lycium barbarum Extracts on UVB-Induced Damage in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Accompanied by Attenuating ROS and DNA Damage. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:4814928. [PMID: 30524656 PMCID: PMC6247443 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4814928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The medicinal herb Lycium barbarum fruit has been widely used for improving and maintaining the health of the eyes in the Far East for many centuries. This study is aimed at investigating whether protective effects generated from the aqueous (LBA) and ethanol (LBE) extracts of the L. barbarum fruit existed against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. L. barbarum extracts LBA and LBE exerted the activity of ROS scavenging and rescued UVB irradiation-induced growth inhibition in retinal pigment epithelial ARPE-19 cells. Compared to LBA, the ethanol extract LBE exerted a superior protective activity on UVB-induced growth arrest in ARPE-19 cells. Both L. barbarum extracts significantly reduced cell cycle G2-arrest population in ARPE-19 cells. Furthermore, the cytometer-based Annexin V/propidium iodide staining assay further showed that both L. barbarum extracts protected ARPE-19 cells from UVB-induced apoptosis. L. barbarum extracts also reduced the activation of γH2AX, a sensor of DNA damage in ARPE-19 cells in a dose-responsive manner. By using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA), the bioinformatics revealed that the protective effects of both LBA and LBE extracts might be involved in three signaling pathways, especially the Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway associated with cellular proliferation. Our study suggests that both ethanol and aqueous extracts of L. barbarum exhibit antioxidant activity and rescue UVB-induced apoptosis of ARPE-19 cells. Collectively, the ethanol extract exerts a superior effect on rescuing UVB-induced growth arrest of ARPE-19 compared to the aqueous extract, which might be associated with the activation of TLR signaling. Our present work will benefit the preventive strategy of herbal medicine-based vision protection for treating eye diseases such as age-related macular degeneration in the future.
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Wang F, Liu S, Zhuang R, Bao J, Shen Y, Xi J, Sun J, Fang H. N,N'-diacetylcystine ameliorates inflammation in experimental non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by regulating nuclear transcription factor kappa B activation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:5351-5358. [PMID: 31949616 PMCID: PMC6963052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common diseases worldwide that has been continuously increasing recently. NAFLD embraces a spectrum of liver histological alterations, ranging from simple steatosis (NAFL) to severe non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), that is characterized by fat accumulation, lobular inflammation, and ballooning degeneration in the hepatocytes in the absence of alcohol abuse. The innate immune system has an important role in NASH pathogenesis. Among the components of innate immunity, the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) has been closely associated with NASH. N,N'-diacetylcystine (DiNAC), the disulfide dimer of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), is a potent modulator of the immune system. Previous research has confirmed that DiNAC has beneficial effects in liver injury. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of DiNAC on high fat diet (HFD)-induced NASH in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with HFD to produce the NASH model and treated with or without DiNAC for 8 weeks. We assessed serum levels of alanine-aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), inflammatory cytokines, liver histology, and the expression of NF-κB genes in the liver. The results showed that the levels of ALT and AST were significantly increased in the HFD rat model. DiNAC treatment also resulted in a statistically significant reduction of the levels of ALT and AST. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining revealed that DiNAC alleviated histological injury. Moreover, DiNAC strongly reduced the generation of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), through NF-κB downregulation. Taken together, these results indicate that DiNAC treatment effectively delayed the progression of NASH by suppressing the expression of NF-κB mRNA in the liver. Our data suggest that DiNAC protects liver injury in HFD-treated NASH rats, which might be a promising drug for the treatment of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fugen Wang
- Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shourong Liu
- Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Rangxiao Zhuang
- Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Bao
- Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqin Shen
- Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Xi
- Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Sun
- Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongying Fang
- Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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Lim J, Lee H, Ahn J, Kim J, Jang J, Park Y, Jeong B, Yang H, Shin SS, Yoon M. The polyherbal drug GGEx18 from Laminaria japonica, Rheum palmatum, and Ephedra sinica inhibits hepatic steatosis and fibroinflammtion in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 225:31-41. [PMID: 29958960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The herbal composition Gyeongshingangjeehwan 18 (GGEx18), composed of Rheum palmatum L. (Polygonaceae), Laminaria japonica Aresch (Laminariaceae), and Ephedra sinica Stapf (Ephedraceae), is used as an antiobesity drug in Korean clinics. The constituents of GGEx18 have traditionally been reported to inhibit obesity and related metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effects of GGEx18 on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms involved. METHODS C57BL/6 J mice were fed either a low-fat diet (LFD), an HFD, or an HFD supplemented with GGEx18 (125, 250, or 500 mg/kg of body weight/day). After 13 weeks, blood analyses, histology, immunohistochemistry, and real-time PCR were performed to assess NAFLD development in these mice. RESULTS Mice fed an HFD had increases in body weight, epididymal adipose tissue mass, adipocyte size, and adipose expression of inflammation-related genes compared with those fed an LFD. These increases were ameliorated in mice treated with 500 mg/kg/day GGEx18 without affecting food consumption profiles. GGEx18 not only decreased serum levels of triglycerides, free fatty acids, and alanine aminotransferase, but also decreased hepatic lipid accumulation, numbers of mast cells and α-smooth muscle actin-positive cells, and collagen levels induced by an HFD. Consistent with the histological data, the hepatic expression of lipogenesis-, inflammation-, and fibrosis-related genes was lower, while hepatic fatty acid β-oxidation-related gene expression was higher, in mice receiving GGEx18 compared to mice fed only the HFD. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These results indicate that GGEx18 attenuates visceral obesity and NAFLD, in part by altering the expression of genes involved in hepatic steatosis and fibroinflammation in HFD-induced obese mice. These findings suggest that GGEx18 may be effective for preventing and treating NAFLD associated with visceral obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghoon Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mokwon University, Daejeon 35349, Republic of Korea
| | - Haerim Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mokwon University, Daejeon 35349, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Ahn
- Genome Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongjun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mokwon University, Daejeon 35349, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonseong Jang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mokwon University, Daejeon 35349, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghyun Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mokwon University, Daejeon 35349, Republic of Korea
| | - Birang Jeong
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejung Yang
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Shik Shin
- Department of Formula Sciences, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongeui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea.
| | - Michung Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mokwon University, Daejeon 35349, Republic of Korea.
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Ascorbic acid inhibits visceral obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α in high-fat-diet-fed C57BL/6J mice. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018; 43:1620-1630. [PMID: 30283077 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0212-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Ascorbic acid is a known cofactor in the biosynthesis of carnitine, a molecule that has an obligatory role in fatty acid oxidation. Our previous studies have demonstrated that obesity is regulated effectively through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα)-mediated fatty acid β-oxidation. Thus, this study aimed to determine whether ascorbic acid can inhibit obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in part through the actions of PPARα. DESIGN After C57BL/6J mice received a low-fat diet (LFD, 10% kcal fat), a high-fat diet (HFD, 45% kcal fat), or the same HFD supplemented with ascorbic acid (1% w/w) (HFD-AA) for 15 weeks, variables and determinants of visceral obesity and NAFLD were examined using metabolic measurements, histology, and gene expression. RESULTS Compared to HFD-fed obese mice, administration of HFD-AA to obese mice reduced body weight gain, visceral adipose tissue mass, and visceral adipocyte size without affecting food consumption profiles. Concomitantly, circulating ascorbic acid concentrations were significantly higher in HFD-AA mice than in HFD mice. Ascorbic acid supplementation increased the mRNA levels of PPARα and its target enzymes involved in fatty acid β-oxidation in visceral adipose tissues. Consistent with the effects of ascorbic acid on visceral obesity, ascorbic acid not only inhibited hepatic steatosis but also increased the mRNA levels of PPARα-dependent fatty acid β-oxidation genes in livers. Similarly, hepatic inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis were also decreased during ascorbic acid-induced inhibition of visceral obesity. In addition, serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol were lower in HFD-AA-fed mice than in those of HFD-fed mice. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that ascorbic acid seems to suppress HFD-induced visceral obesity and NAFLD in part through the activation of PPARα.
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Yang J, Wei YQ, Ding JB, Li YL, Ma JL, Liu JL. Research and application of Lycii Fructus in medicinal field. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Olive oil combined with Lycium barbarum polysaccharides attenuates liver apoptosis and inflammation induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Manthey AL, Chiu K, So KF. Demystifying traditional Chinese medicines: Lycium barbarum as a model therapeutic. TRADITIONAL MEDICINE AND MODERN MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.1142/s2575900018300011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The practice of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) focuses on holistic treatment of the body. This often includes preparation and application of medicinal herbs, either alone or in combination with other supplements. Lycium barbarum (LB), for example, is a commonly used herbal supplement in many Asian countries, being most well-known for improving kidney, liver, and eye health. It is also one of the most widely scientifically researched TCMs and a large body of literature is available describing its effects on various tissues and organ systems. In this perspective, we briefly expand upon how LB can be used as a model TCM in the systematic study of other herbal medicines, highlighting two of the primary barriers to their use in modern medicine worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby Leigh Manthey
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Kin Chiu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research, Laboratory of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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Lee MR, Park KI, Ma JY. Leonurus japonicus Houtt Attenuates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Free Fatty Acid-Induced HepG2 Cells and Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Nutrients 2017; 10:E20. [PMID: 29295591 PMCID: PMC5793248 DOI: 10.3390/nu10010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of a Leonurus japonicus ethanol extract (LJE) on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). An in vitro model of hepatic steatosis was treated with 1 mM free fatty acid (FFA) in HepG2 cells. An in vivo NAFLD model was established using C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and administered LJE (100 or 200 mg/kg) orally for 14 weeks. LJE treatment suppressed lipid accumulation and intracellular triglyceride levels significantly in a concentration-dependent manner in HepG2 cells. Moreover, LJE significantly reduced the expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1-c, and its downstream genes, which are associated with lipogenesis, in HepG2 cells. In HFD-fed mice, LJE treatment decreased body weight significantly and decreased serum alanine transaminase levels to normal values, concurrent with a decrease in hepatic lipid accumulation. Furthermore, LJE supplementation ameliorated insulin sensitivity by decreasing serum glucose and insulin levels. LJE improved hepatic steatosis by increasing the expression of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α in HFD-fed mice and FFA-treated HepG2 cells. The results suggested that LJE might be a potential therapeutic agent to treat NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Ra Lee
- Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 70 Cheomdan-Ro, Dong-Gu, Daegu 41062, Korea.
| | - Kwang Il Park
- Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 70 Cheomdan-Ro, Dong-Gu, Daegu 41062, Korea.
| | - Jin Yeul Ma
- Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 70 Cheomdan-Ro, Dong-Gu, Daegu 41062, Korea.
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Gao Y, Wei Y, Wang Y, Gao F, Chen Z. Lycium Barbarum: A Traditional Chinese Herb and A Promising Anti-Aging Agent. Aging Dis 2017; 8:778-791. [PMID: 29344416 PMCID: PMC5758351 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lycium barbarum has been used in China for more than 2,000 years as a traditional medicinal herb and food supplement. Lycium barbarum contains abundant Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBPs), betaine, phenolics, carotenoids (zeaxanthin and β-carotene), cerebroside, 2-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-l-ascorbic acid (AA-2βG), β-sitosterol, flavonoids and vitamins (in particular, riboflavin, thiamine, and ascorbic acid). LBPs are the primary active components of Lycium barbarum. In this review, we discuss the pharmacological activities of LBPs and other major components. They have been reported to mediate significant anti-aging effects, through antioxidant, immunoregulative, anti-apoptotic activities and reducing DNA damage. Thus, the basic scientific evidence for anti-aging effects of LBPs is already available. However, additional studies are needed to understand mechanisms by which LBPs mediate anti-aging properties. Novel findings from such studies would likely pave the way for the clinical application of traditional chinese medicine Lycium barbarum in modern evidence-based medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Gao
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing. China. 100078
| | - Yifo Wei
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing. China. 100078
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing. China. 100078
| | - Fang Gao
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing. China. 100078
| | - Zhigang Chen
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing. China. 100078
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Halima BH, Sonia G, Sarra K, Houda BJ, Fethi BS, Abdallah A. Apple Cider Vinegar Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Reduces the Risk of Obesity in High-Fat-Fed Male Wistar Rats. J Med Food 2017; 21:70-80. [PMID: 29091513 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a serious consequence of obesity characterized by increased cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and glucose intolerance. While diets enriched with natural antioxidants showed beneficial effects on oxidative stress, blood pressure, and serum lipid composition, diet supplementation with synthetic antioxidants showed contradictive results. Thus, we tested, in this study, whether a daily dosage of Apple Cider Vinegar (ACV) would affect cardiovascular risk factor associated with obesity in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hyperlipidemic Wistar rats. Obese rats showed increased serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and atherogenic index after 6 and 9 weeks of being fed an HFD. Importantly, ACV ameliorated all of these parameters significantly. Oxidative stress already developed after 6 weeks of HFD and was significantly reduced by daily doses of ACV. Oral administration of ACV normalized various biochemical and metabolic changes since it exhibited a very significant (P < .001) reduction in malondialdehyde levels, whereas an increase in thiol group concentrations and antioxidant status (superoxide dismutase [SOD], glutathione peroxidase [GPx], and catalase [CAT] activities and vitamin E concentrations). In addition, a modulation in trace element levels was observed when compared with HFD groups. These findings suggested that HFD alters the oxidant-antioxidant balance, as evidenced by a reduction in the antioxidant enzyme activities and vitamin E level, and enhanced lipid peroxidation. ACV can be beneficial for the suppression of obesity-induced oxidative stress in HFD rats through the modulating antioxidant defense system and reduces the risk of obesity-associated diseases by preventing the atherogenic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Hmad Halima
- 1 Research Unit on Nutrition, Regulation of Metabolic Systems and Atherosclerosis, High School of Health Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar , Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Gara Sonia
- 2 Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Institute of Salah Azaiz , Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Khlifi Sarra
- 1 Research Unit on Nutrition, Regulation of Metabolic Systems and Atherosclerosis, High School of Health Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar , Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ben Jemaa Houda
- 1 Research Unit on Nutrition, Regulation of Metabolic Systems and Atherosclerosis, High School of Health Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar , Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ben Slama Fethi
- 1 Research Unit on Nutrition, Regulation of Metabolic Systems and Atherosclerosis, High School of Health Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar , Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Aouidet Abdallah
- 1 Research Unit on Nutrition, Regulation of Metabolic Systems and Atherosclerosis, High School of Health Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar , Tunis, Tunisia
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Kim MR, Kim JW, Park JB, Hong YK, Ku SK, Choi JS. Anti-obesity effects of yellow catfish protein hydrolysate on mice fed a 45% kcal high-fat diet. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:784-800. [PMID: 28713910 PMCID: PMC5548026 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity contributes to the etiologies of a variety of comorbid conditions, such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. In the present study, the anti-obesity effects of yellow catfish protein hydrolysate (YPh) were observed in mice fed a 45% kcal high-fat diet (HFD) compared with those of mice treated with simvastatin. The HFD-fed control mice exhibited noticeable increase in body weight, and whole-body and abdominal fat densities, periovarian and abdominal wall-deposited fat pad weight, as well as in the levels of triglycerides (TG), blood total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and in the fecal TG and TC contents. However, they exhibited a decrease in serum high-density lipoprotein levels. In addition, an increase was detected in periovarian and dorsal abdominally deposited fat pad thickness, adipocyte hypertrophy, the number of steatohepatitis regions, hepatocyte hypertrophy and lipid droplet deposition-related renal tubular vacuolation degenerative lesions, along with increased hepatic lipid peroxidation and a deteriorated endogenous antioxidant defense system (glutathione, catalase and superoxide dismutase). However, all the above-mentioned obesity-related complications were dose-dependently and significantly inhibited after 84 days of thye consecutive oral administration of 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg YPh. In addition, YPh dose-dependently depleted the liver endogenous antioxidant defense system and inhibited hepatic lipid peroxidation. Overall, the effects of 250 mg/kg YPh on HFD-induced obesity and related complications were similar or more potent than those of 10 mg/kg simvastatin. These results indicate that YPh is a promising new potent medicinal ingredient for possible use in the treatment of obesity and related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Ryung Kim
- Major in Food Biotechnology, Division of Bioindustry, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958
| | - Joo-Wan Kim
- Aribio Inc., Byeoksan Digital Valley, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07286
| | - Jeong Been Park
- Major in Food Biotechnology, Division of Bioindustry, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958
| | - Yong-Ki Hong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513
| | - Sae Kwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Suk Choi
- Major in Food Biotechnology, Division of Bioindustry, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958
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The lemon balm extract ALS-L1023 inhibits obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in female ovariectomized mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 106:292-305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Roh JS, Lee H, Lim J, Kim J, Yang H, Yoon Y, Shin SS, Yoon M. Effect of Gangjihwan on hepatic steatosis and inflammation in high fat diet-fed mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 206:315-326. [PMID: 28602867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gangjihwan (DF), a polyherbal drug composed of Ephedra intermedia Schrenk et C. A. Mayer (Ephedraceae), Lithospermum erythrorhizon Siebold et Zuccarini (Borraginaceae), and Rheum palmatum L. (Polygonaceae), is used to treat obesity in local Korean clinics. The constituents of DF have traditionally been reported to exert anti-obesity and anti-nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) effects. Thus, we investigated the effects of DF on obesity and NAFLD and the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS DF was extracted with water (DF-FW), 30% ethyl alcohol (DF-GA30), or 70% ethyl alcohol (DF-GA70). The chemical profile of DF was monitored using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-ultraviolet analysis. The effects of DF on indices of obesity and NAFLD in high fat diet (HFD)-fed C57BL/6J mice and HepG2 cells were examined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Oil red O staining, hematoxylin-eosin staining, toluidine blue staining, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The presence of ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, aloe-emodin, and emodin in DF was determined by 3D chromatography using HPLC. Administration of DF-GA70 to HFD-fed obese mice decreased body weight, epididymal adipose tissue mass, and epididymal adipocyte size. DF-GA70 reduced serum levels of free fatty acids and triglycerides. All three DF extracts lowered serum alanine transaminase levels, hepatic lipid accumulation, and infiltration of macrophages, with the largest effects observed for DF-GA70. DF-GA70 increased mRNA levels of fatty acid oxidation genes and decreased mRNA levels of genes for lipogenesis and inflammation in the liver of obese mice. Treatment of HepG2 cells with a mixture of oleic acid and palmitoleic acid induced significant lipid accumulation, whereas all three DF extracts inhibited lipid accumulation. DF-GA70 also altered the expression of lipolytic and lipogenic genes in HepG2 cells. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that DF inhibits obesity and obesity-induced severe hepatic steatosis and inflammation without any adverse effects and that these effects may be mediated by regulation of the hepatic expression of lipid metabolism and inflammatory genes. These findings suggest that DF is a safe and efficient anti-obesity and anti-nonalcoholic steatohepatosis drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Seong Roh
- Department of Formula Sciences, College of Korean Medicine, Dongeui University, Busan 614-052, Republic of Korea
| | - Haerim Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mokwon University, Daejeon 302-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghoon Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mokwon University, Daejeon 302-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongjun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mokwon University, Daejeon 302-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejung Yang
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Yooshik Yoon
- Department of Microbiology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Shik Shin
- Department of Formula Sciences, College of Korean Medicine, Dongeui University, Busan 614-052, Republic of Korea.
| | - Michung Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mokwon University, Daejeon 302-729, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang L, Li Q, Zheng G, Chen Y, Huang M, Zhang L, Lin X. Protective effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides against cadmium-induced testicular toxicity in male mice. Food Funct 2017; 8:2322-2330. [PMID: 28594424 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01583b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study was performed to determine whether Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBPs) would protect mice against cadmium (Cd)-induced testicular toxicity. Seventy-two male mice were randomly divided into six groups with twelve mice per group. Four groups were administered orally with cadmium chloride (5.0 mg per kg body weight) for 35 days and treated in combination with LBPs (0, 10.0, 33.3 or 100 mg kg-1) from one week before exposure to Cd until the end of the experiment. The other two groups were administered orally with vehicle or LBP (100 mg kg-1) only. Pretreatment with LBP ameliorated the Cd-induced reduction in the body weights, sperm motility as well as the level of testosterone in serum. Moreover, Cd-induced increase in the abnormal sperms was reduced and effects of Cd on the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were reversed. Histopathological examination further confirmed that the LBPs effectively attenuated Cd-induced degeneration of seminiferous tubules. Thus, LBPs attenuated Cd-induced testicular injury by improving the activity of antioxidant enzymatic activity and lowering the oxidative stress, so it could be a potential auxiliary therapeutic agent for Cd-induced testicular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- Center of Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, 587 Bingkang Rd, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qin Li
- Institute of Materia Medica, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, 182 Tianmushan Rd, Hangzhou 310013, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gaoli Zheng
- Center of Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, 587 Bingkang Rd, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yunxiang Chen
- Center of Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, 587 Bingkang Rd, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mincong Huang
- Center of Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, 587 Bingkang Rd, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lijiang Zhang
- Center of Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, 587 Bingkang Rd, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoyan Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 261 Huanshan Rd, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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The Angiogenesis Inhibitor ALS-L1023 from Lemon-Balm Leaves Attenuates High-Fat Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease through Regulating the Visceral Adipose-Tissue Function. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040846. [PMID: 28420164 PMCID: PMC5412430 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Similar to neoplastic tissues, growth and development of adipose tissue are thought to be angiogenesis-dependent. Since visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is associated with development and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), we hypothesized that angiogenesis inhibition would attenuate obesity-induced NAFLD. We fed C57BL/6J mice a low-fat diet (LFD, chow 10% kcal fat), a high-fat diet (HFD, 45% kcal fat) or HFD supplemented with the lemon-balm extract ALS-L1023 (HFD-ALS) for 15 weeks. ALS-L1023 reduced endothelial cell-tube formation in vitro. HFD increased VAT angiogenesis and induced weight gains including body weight, VAT mass and visceral adipocyte size compared with LFD. However, HFD-ALS led to weight reductions without affecting calorie intake compared with HFD. HFD-ALS also reduced serum ALT and AST levels and improved lipid metabolism. HFD-ALS suppressed steatosis, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and accumulation of collagen in livers. HFD-ALS modulated hepatic expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism, inflammation, fibrosis, antioxidation, and apoptosis. Concomitantly, analysis of VAT function revealed that HFD-ALS led to fewer CD68-positive macrophage numbers and lower expression of inflammatory cytokines compared with HFD. Our findings show that the anti-angiogenic herbal extract ALS-L1023 attenuates NAFLD by targeting VAT during obesity, suggesting that angiogenesis inhibitors could aid in the treatment and prevention of obesity-induced human NAFLD.
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Manthey AL, Chiu K, So KF. Effects of Lycium barbarum on the Visual System. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 135:1-27. [PMID: 28807155 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lycium barbarum (wolfberry, gogi berry, gouqizi, ) is one of the most widely used Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) and is also one of the most scientifically studied. Indeed, the polysaccharide component of this berry (LBP) has been shown to have antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antiexcitotoxic, and antiapoptotic properties. These properties make it a particularly useful treatment option for the ocular environment. Although there are a handful of studies investigating the use of LBP to treat diseases affecting the lens, the vast majority of the published literature investigating LBP in the visual system focus on the retina. In this chapter, we have described what is currently understood concerning the effects of LBP treatment on various retinal diseases, including glaucoma, ischemia/reperfusion, age-related macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa, and diabetic retinopathy. We then describe the functions attributed to LBP using other cellular contexts to elucidate the full mechanisms this CHM utilizes in the retina. By making connections between what is known about the function of LBP in a variety of tissues and its function as a therapy for retinal degenerative diseases, we hope to further emphasize the continued use of this CHM in clinical medicine in addition to providing a platform for additional study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kin Chiu
- The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
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Sarma R, Kumari S, Elancheran R, Deori M, Devi R. Polyphenol Rich Extract of Garcinia pedunculata Fruit Attenuates the Hyperlipidemia Induced by High Fat Diet. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:294. [PMID: 27642282 PMCID: PMC5015480 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty foods, the most common diet today are the crux of many metabolic disorders which need urgent attention. Garcinia pedunculata Roxb. (GP, Clusiaceae) is a plant found available in Northeast (NE) region of India, is considered to have versatile therapeutic properties. The people of this region has been using dried pulp of GP fruit for the treatment of different stomach related diseases traditionally. This study aimed at evaluating the potential therapeutic action of the polyphenol-rich methanolic extract of the fruit in experimental induced obese rats. In vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activity of GP extracts, i.e., fruit extract (GF) and seed extract (GS) were determined by using various methods viz., 1,1-diphenyl-2 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-Azinobis (3-ethyl benzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS•+), nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) and α-glucosidase inhibition assay for detection of antihyperglycemic activity. In vivo antilipidemic and antiobesity activities were evaluated by administrating oral dose of GF for 60 days on a high-fat diet (HFD) induced hyperlipidemia in the rat. GF showed higher antioxidant activity than GS by DPPH radical scavenging (IC50 = 4.01 μg/ml), ABTS•+ (IC50 = 0.82 μg/ml), NBT (IC50 = 0.07 μg/ml) and also showed notable α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC50 = 19.26 μg/ml). Furthermore, GF treated rat revealed a reduction in the body weight (~60%), serum total cholesterol (33%), triglycerides (32%), low-density lipoprotein (38%) and liver biomarker enzymes after 60 days HFD fed animals. Simultaneously, GF supplementation significantly protected the HFD induced changes in hematological parameters. Histological observations clearly differentiate the structural changes in liver of HFD and GF treated group. This novel dietary lipid adsorbing agent of GF exhibited prevention of hyperlipidemia induced by HFD in the rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Sarma
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology Guwahati, India
| | - Sima Kumari
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology Guwahati, India
| | - Ramakrishnan Elancheran
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology Guwahati, India
| | - Meetali Deori
- Department of Zoology, Nalbari College Nalbari, India
| | - Rajlakshmi Devi
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology Guwahati, India
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Kim GW, Ahn KY, Kim YH, Jeong GW. Time-course metabolic changes in high-fat diet-induced obesity rats: A pilot study using hyperpolarized (13)C dynamic MRS. Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 34:1199-205. [PMID: 27374624 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the time-course metabolic changes based on hyperpolarized (13)C magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity rats and the correlation between metabolic and serum enzyme levels. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either HFD (60% fat) or normal diet (10% fat) for 6weeks. A HyperSense DNP was used to hyperpolarize [1-(13)C] pyruvic acid and the hyperpolarized (13)C MRS was examined every 2weeks in the course of 6weeks using a 3T GE MR750 scanner. The body weight of HFD-induced obese rats was significantly increased compared to normal rats at the 6th week after the onset of feeding (p=0.05). Simultaneously, the HFD-induced obese rats showed significantly increased levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol compared to normal rats (p≤0.05). In the dynamic (13)C MR spectra acquired at the 6th week, the obese rats showed significantly increased ratios of [1-(13)C] lactate/[1-(13)C] pyruvate and [1-(13)C] alanine/[1-(13)C] pyruvate (p=0.05). The (13)C spectral outcomes are positively correlated with the enzyme levels of ALT and LDH in the HFD-induced obesity. The [1-(13)C] lactate and [1-(13)C] alanine are potentially considered as noninvasive biomarkers for the HFD-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwang-Won Kim
- Research Institute for Medical Imaging, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Youn Ahn
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hyeon Kim
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang-Woo Jeong
- Research Institute for Medical Imaging, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
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Emami SR, Jafari M, Haghshenas R, Ravasi A. Impact of eight weeks endurance training on biochemical parameters and obesity-induced oxidative stress in high fat diet-fed rats. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2016; 20:29-35. [PMID: 27298810 PMCID: PMC4899893 DOI: 10.20463/jenb.2016.03.20.1.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] High-fat diets (HFD) feeding is an important risk factor for obesity that is accompanied with metabolic syndrome. Appropriate exercise is recommended for obesity prevention. The molecular mechanisms and cellular pathways activated in response to HFD and exercise are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks endurance training on some plasma biochemical parameters and oxidative stress in HFD induced obese rats. [Methods] Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: the standard diet (SD) group, endurance training group with a standard diet (ESD), HFD group, and endurance training group with high-fat diet (EHFD). After 8 weeks, blood samples were taken by cardiac puncture and plasma were used for determination of biochemical parameters and oxidative stress biomarkers. [Results] HFD significantly increased malondialdehyde level and decreased the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione S-transferase and the content of glutathione in the plasma. HFD also increased activities of aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, as well as levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride and low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol. However, endurance training showed protective effect on changes in these parameters. [Conclusion] These findings suggested that HFD alters the oxidant-antioxidant balance, as evidenced by reduction in the antioxidant enzymes activities and glutathione level and enhanced lipid peroxidation. Endurance training can be beneficial for the suppression of obesity-induced oxidative stress in HFD rats through modulating antioxidant defense system and reduces the risk of obesity-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Reza Emami
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran Iran
| | - Mahvash Jafari
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran Iran
| | | | - Aliasghar Ravasi
- Department of Exercise physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, University of Tehran, Tehran Iran
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Bilgic Y, Harputluoglu MMM, Kutlu O, Demirel U, Gul M, Otlu B, Temel I, Gursoy S, Dertli R, Selcuk EB, Yilmaz I, Kilis T. Effects of Lycium barbarum on bacterial translocation in thioacetamide-induced liver injury in rats. EUR J INFLAMM 2015; 13:154-163. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x15618413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and study aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of Lycium barbarum (LB) on bacterial translocation (BT) frequency in thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver injury in rats. Materials and methods: Group 1 was the control. In group 2 (TAA), rats received TAA daily for 3 days. In group 3 (TAA+LB), Lycium barbarum was administered orally 25 mg/kg for 21 days prior to the first TAA injection. In group 4 (LB), rats received only Lycium barbarum. Results: In our study, Lycium barbarum treatment did not attenuate liver damage. Lycium barbarum treatment decreased ileal E. coli counts and intestinal damage but it did not alter BT frequency. Conclusions: In conclusion, the effects of Lycium barbarum on BT may be related to ongoing severe liver damage in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Bilgic
- Department of Gastroenterology, Inonu University Medical Faculty, Malatya, Turkey
| | - MMM Harputluoglu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Inonu University Medical Faculty, Malatya, Turkey
| | - O Kutlu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inonu University Medical Faculty, Malatya, Turkey
| | - U Demirel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Firat University Medical Faculty, Elazig, Turkey
| | - M Gul
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Inonu University Medical Faculty, Malatya, Turkey
| | - B Otlu
- Department of Microbiology, Inonu University Medical Faculty, Malatya, Turkey
| | - I Temel
- Department of Biochemistry, Inonu University Medical Faculty, Malatya, Turkey
| | - S Gursoy
- Department of Biochemistry, Inonu University Medical Faculty, Malatya, Turkey
| | - R Dertli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inonu University Medical Faculty, Malatya, Turkey
| | - EB Selcuk
- Department of Family Medicine, Inonu University Medical Faculty, Malatya, Turkey
| | - I Yilmaz
- Department of Pharmacology, Inonu University Pharmacy Faculty, Malatya, Turkey
| | - T Kilis
- Department of Biochemistry, Inonu University Pharmacy Faculty, Malatya, Turkey
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Li HY, Ruan YW, Kau PWF, Chiu K, Chang RCC, Chan HHL, So KF. Effect of Lycium barbarum (Wolfberry) on alleviating axonal degeneration after partial optic nerve transection. Cell Transplant 2015; 24:403-17. [PMID: 25622224 DOI: 10.3727/096368915x686896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous results showed that the polysaccharides extracted from Lycium barbarum (LBP) could delay secondary degeneration of retinal ganglion cell bodies and improve the function of the retinas after partial optic nerve transection (PONT). Although the common degeneration mechanisms were believed to be shared by both neuronal bodies and axons, recently published data from slow Wallerian degeneration mutant (Wld(s)) mice supported the divergence in the mechanisms of them. Therefore, we want to determine if LBP could also delay the degeneration of axons after PONT. Microglia/macrophages were thought to be a source of reactive oxygen species after central nervous system (CNS) injury. After PONT, however, oxidative stress was believed to occur prior to the activation of microglia/macrophages in the areas vulnerable to secondary degeneration both in the optic nerves (ONs) and the retinas. But the results did not take into account the morphological changes of microglia/macrophages after their activation. So we examined the morphology in addition to the response magnitude of microglia/macrophages to determine their time point of activation. In addition, the effects of LBP on the activation of microglia/macrophages were investigated. The results showed that (1) LBP reduced the loss of axons in the central ONs and preserved the g-ratio (axon diameter/fiber diameter) in the ventral ONs although no significant effect was detected in the dorsal ONs; (2) microglia/macrophages were activated in the ONs by 12 h after PONT; (3) LBP decreased the response magnitude of microglia/macrophages 4 weeks after PONT. In conclusion, our results showed that LBP could delay secondary degeneration of the axons, and LBP could also inhibit the activation of microglia/macrophages. Therefore, LBP could be a promising herbal medicine to delay secondary degeneration in the CNS via modulating the function of microglia/macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ying Li
- GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Mocan A, Vlase L, Vodnar DC, Bischin C, Hanganu D, Gheldiu AM, Oprean R, Silaghi-Dumitrescu R, Crișan G. Polyphenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Lycium barbarum L. and Lycium chinense Mill. leaves. Molecules 2014; 19:10056-73. [PMID: 25014533 PMCID: PMC6271913 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190710056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and the polyphenolic content of Lycium barbarum L. and L. chinense Mill. leaves. The different leave extracts contain important amounts of flavonoids (43.73 ± 1.43 and 61.65 ± 0.95 mg/g, respectively) and showed relevant antioxidant activity, as witnessed by the quoted methods. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of target phenolic compounds were achieved using a HPLC-UV-MS method. Rutin was the dominant flavonoid in both analysed species, the highest amount being registered for L. chinense. An important amount of chlorogenic acid was determined in L. chinense and L. barbarum extracts, being more than twice as high in L. chinense than in L. barbarum. Gentisic and caffeic acids were identified only in L. barbarum, whereas kaempferol was only detected in L. chinense. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH, TEAC, hemoglobin ascorbate peroxidase activity inhibition (HAPX) and inhibition of lipid peroxidation catalyzed by cytochrome c assays revealing a better antioxidant activity for the L. chinense extract. Results obtained in the antimicrobial tests revealed that L. chinense extract was more active than L. barbarum against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. The results suggest that these species are valuable sources of flavonoids with relevant antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Mocan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 12 I. Creangă Street, Cluj-Napoca 400010, Romania.
| | - Laurian Vlase
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 12 I. Creangă Street, Cluj-Napoca 400010, Romania.
| | - Dan Cristian Vodnar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Manăştur Street, Cluj-Napoca 400372, Romania.
| | - Cristina Bischin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Babeș-Bolyai University, 11 A. Janos Street, Cluj-Napoca 400028, Romania.
| | - Daniela Hanganu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 12 I. Creangă Street, Cluj-Napoca 400010, Romania.
| | - Ana-Maria Gheldiu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 12 I. Creangă Street, Cluj-Napoca 400010, Romania.
| | - Radu Oprean
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4 L. Pasteur Street, Cluj-Napoca 400010, Romania.
| | - Radu Silaghi-Dumitrescu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Babeș-Bolyai University, 11 A. Janos Street, Cluj-Napoca 400028, Romania.
| | - Gianina Crișan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 12 I. Creangă Street, Cluj-Napoca 400010, Romania.
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Lycium barbarum polysaccharides prevent memory and neurogenesis impairments in scopolamine-treated rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88076. [PMID: 24505383 PMCID: PMC3914900 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Lycium barbarum is used both as a food additive and as a medicinal herb in many countries, and L. barbarum polysaccharides (LBPs), a major cell component, are reported to have a wide range of beneficial effects including neuroprotection, anti-aging and anticancer properties, and immune modulation. The effects of LBPs on neuronal function, neurogenesis, and drug-induced learning and memory deficits have not been assessed. We report the therapeutic effects of LBPs on learning and memory and neurogenesis in scopolamine (SCO)-treated rats. LBPs were administered via gastric perfusion for 2 weeks before the onset of subcutaneous SCO treatment for a further 4 weeks. As expected, SCO impaired performance in novel object and object location recognition tasks, and Morris water maze. However, dual SCO- and LBP-treated rats spent significantly more time exploring the novel object or location in the recognition tasks and had significant shorter escape latency in the water maze. SCO administration led to a decrease in Ki67- or DCX-immunoreactive cells in the dentate gyrus and damage of dendritic development of the new neurons; LBP prevented these SCO-induced reductions in cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation. LBP also protected SCO-induced loss of neuronal processes in DCX-immunoreactive neurons. Biochemical investigation indicated that LBP decreased the SCO-induced oxidative stress in hippocampus and reversed the ratio Bax/Bcl-2 that exhibited increase after SCO treatment. However, decrease of BDNF and increase of AChE induced by SCO showed no response to LBP administration. These results suggest that LBPs can prevent SCO-induced cognitive and memory deficits and reductions in cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation. Suppression of oxidative stress and apoptosis may be involved in the above effects of LBPs that may be a promising candidate to restore memory functions and neurogenesis.
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Li H, Liang Y, Chiu K, Yuan Q, Lin B, Chang RCC, So KF. Lycium barbarum (wolfberry) reduces secondary degeneration and oxidative stress, and inhibits JNK pathway in retina after partial optic nerve transection. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68881. [PMID: 23894366 PMCID: PMC3716882 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Our group has shown that the polysaccharides extracted from Lycium barbarum (LBP) are neuroprotective for retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in different animal models. Protecting RGCs from secondary degeneration is a promising direction for therapy in glaucoma management. The complete optic nerve transection (CONT) model can be used to study primary degeneration of RGCs, while the partial optic nerve transection (PONT) model can be used to study secondary degeneration of RGCs because primary degeneration of RGCs and secondary degeneration can be separated in location in the same retina in this model; in other situations, these types of degeneration can be difficult to distinguish. In order to examine which kind of degeneration LBP could delay, both CONT and PONT models were used in this study. Rats were fed with LBP or vehicle daily from 7 days before surgery until sacrifice at different time-points and the surviving numbers of RGCs were evaluated. The expression of several proteins related to inflammation, oxidative stress, and the c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways were detected with Western-blot analysis. LBP did not delay primary degeneration of RGCs after either CONT or PONT, but it did delay secondary degeneration of RGCs after PONT. We found that LBP appeared to exert these protective effects by inhibiting oxidative stress and the JNK/c-jun pathway and by transiently increasing production of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). This study suggests that LBP can delay secondary degeneration of RGCs and this effect may be linked to inhibition of oxidative stress and the JNK/c-jun pathway in the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Li
- Department of Anatomy and the State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuxiang Liang
- Department of Anatomy and the State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kin Chiu
- Department of Anatomy and the State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qiuju Yuan
- Department of Anatomy and the State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bin Lin
- Department of Anatomy and the State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Raymond Chuen-Chung Chang
- Department of Anatomy and the State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Department of Anatomy and the State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- GMH Institute of Central Nervous System Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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