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Yang C, Jiang Y, Zhang K, Zhu X, Li J, Yu H, Chen J, Gu X, Gan Z, Yu Q. Photodynamic Therapy Derived Personalized Whole Cell Tumor Vaccine Prevents Postsurgery Tumor Recurrence and Metastasis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308456. [PMID: 38342675 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
In order to avoid the time-consuming and laborious identification of tumor-specific antigens (TSAs) during the traditional vaccine fabrication process, a versatile photodynamic therapy (PDT)-based method is developed to construct a whole-tumor antigen tumor vaccine (TV) from surgically resected tumor tissues for personalized immunotherapy. Mucoadhesive nanoparticles containing small-molecular photosensitizer are fabricated and directly co-incubated with suspended tumor cells obtained after cytoreduction surgery. After irradiation with a 405 nm laser, potent immunogenic cell death of cancer cells could be induced. Along with the release of TSAs, the as-prepared TV could activate safe and robust tumor-specific immune responses, leading to efficient suppression of postsurgery tumor recurrence and metastasis. The as-prepared TV cannot only be applied alone through various administration routes but also synergize with immunoadjuvant, chemotherapeutics, and immune checkpoint blockers to exert more potent immune responses. This work provides an alternative way to promote the clinical translation of PDT, which is generally restricted by the limited penetration of light. Moreover, the versatile strategy of vaccine fabrication also facilitates the clinical application of personalized whole-cell tumor vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yitong Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Kaixin Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xianqi Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jianlin Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Haiwang Yu
- The State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jiawei Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xinggui Gu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhihua Gan
- The State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Qingsong Yu
- The State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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Erden F. Graphene Oxide/Cholesterol-Substituted Zinc Phthalocyanine Composites with Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy Properties. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:7060. [PMID: 38004990 PMCID: PMC10672206 DOI: 10.3390/ma16227060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, cholesterol (Chol)-substituted zinc phthalocyanine (Chol-ZnPc) and its composite with graphene oxide (GO) were prepared for photodynamic therapy (PDT) applications. Briefly, Chol-substituted phthalonitrile (Chol-phthalonitrile) was synthesized first through the substitution of Chol to the phthalonitrile group over the oxygen bridge. Then, Chol-ZnPc was synthesized by a tetramerization reaction of Chol-phthalonitrile with ZnCl2 in a basic medium. Following this, GO was introduced to Chol-ZnPc, and the successful preparation of the samples was verified through FT-IR, UV-Vis, 1H-NMR, MALDI-TOF MS, SEM, and elemental analysis. Regarding PDT properties, we report that Chol-ZnPc exhibited a singlet oxygen quantum yield (Φ∆) of 0.54, which is slightly lower than unsubstituted ZnPc. Upon introduction of GO, the GO/Chol-ZnPc composite exhibited a higher Φ∆, about 0.78, than that of unsubstituted ZnPc. Moreover, this enhancement was realized with a simultaneous improvement in fluorescence quantum yield (ΦF) to 0.36. In addition, DPPH results suggest low antioxidant activity in the composite despite the presence of GO. Overall, GO/Chol-ZnPc might provide combined benefits for PDT, particularly in terms of image guidance and singlet oxygen generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuat Erden
- Department of Aeronautical Engineering, Sivas University of Science and Technology, 58000 Sivas, Türkiye
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3
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Homma S, Momotake A, Ikeue T, Yamamoto Y. A Photochemical Study of Photo-Induced Electron Transfer from DNAs to a Cationic Phthalocyanine Derivative. J Fluoresc 2023; 33:2431-2439. [PMID: 37093333 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03230-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Water-soluble cationic gallium(III)-Pc complex (GaPc) is capable of photogenerating ROSs but does not exhibit photocytotoxicity in vivo. GaPc binds selectively, through a π-π stacking interaction, to the 5'-terminal G-quartet of a G-quadruplex DNA. The photo-excited state of GaPc of the complex is effectively quenched through electron transfer (ET) from the ground state of DNA guanine (G) bases to the photo-excited state of GaPc (ET(G-GaPc)). Hence the loss of the photocytotoxicity of GaPc in vivo is most likely to be due to the effective quenching of its photo-excited state through ET(G-GaPc). In this study, we investigated the photochemical properties of GaPc in the presence of duplex DNAs formed from a series of sequences to elucidate the nature of ET(G-GaPc). We found that ET(G-GaPc) is allowed in electrostatic complexes between GaPc and G-containing duplex DNAs and that the rate of ET(G-GaPc) (kET(G-GaPc)) can be reasonably interpreted in terms of the distance between Pc moiety of GaPc and DNA G base in the complex. We also found that the quantum yields of singlet oxygen (1O2) generation (ΦΔs) determined for the GaPc-duplex DNA complexes were similar to the value reported for free GaPc (Fujishiro R, Sonoyama H, Ide Y, et al (2019) J Inorg Biochem 192:7-16), indicating that ET(G-GaPc) in the complex is rather limited. These results clearly demonstrated that photocytotoxicity of GaPc is crucially affected by ET(G-GaPc). Thus elucidation of interaction of a photosensitizer with biomolecules, i.e., an initial process in PDT, would be helpful to understand its subsequent photochemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Homma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8571, Japan
| | - Atsuya Momotake
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8571, Japan
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8571, Japan
| | - Takahisa Ikeue
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8571, Japan.
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Li D, Cai S, Wang P, Cheng H, Cheng B, Zhang Y, Liu G. Innovative Design Strategies Advance Biomedical Applications of Phthalocyanines. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300263. [PMID: 37039069 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their long absorption wavelengths, high molar absorptivity, and tunable photosensitivity, phthalocyanines have been widely used in photodynamic therapy (PDT). However, phthalocyanines still face the drawbacks of poor targeting, "always-on" photosensitizing properties, and unsatisfactory therapeutic efficiency, which limit their wide applications in biomedical fields. Thus, new design strategies such as modification of targeting molecules, formation of nanoparticles, and activating photosensitizers are developed to improve the above defects. Notably, recent studies have shown that novel phthalocyanines are not only used in fluorescence imaging and PDT, but also in photoacoustic imaging, photothermal imaging, sonodynamic therapy, and photothermal therapy. This review focuses on recent design strategies, applications in biomedicine, and clinical development of phthalocyanines, providing ideas and references for the design and application of phthalocyanine, so as to promote their future transformation into clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Shundong Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Peiyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Hongwei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Bingwei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- Shen Zhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
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Penetra M, Arnaut LG, Gomes-da-Silva LC. Trial watch: an update of clinical advances in photodynamic therapy and its immunoadjuvant properties for cancer treatment. Oncoimmunology 2023; 12:2226535. [PMID: 37346450 PMCID: PMC10281486 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2023.2226535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a medical treatment used to target solid tumors, where the administration of a photosensitizing agent and light generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), thus resulting in strong oxidative stress that selectively damages the illuminated tissues. Several preclinical studies have demonstrated that PDT can prime the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells throughout the body. However, there is still limited evidence of PDT-mediated anti-tumor immunity in clinical settings. In the last decade, several clinical trials on PDT for cancer treatment have been initiated, indicating that significant efforts are being made to improve current PDT protocols. However, most of these studies disregarded the immunological dimension of PDT. The immunomodulatory properties of PDT can be combined with standard therapy and/or emerging immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs), to achieve better disease control. Combining PDT with immunotherapy has shown synergistic effects in some preclinical models. However, the value of this combination in patients is still unknown, as the first clinical trials evaluating the combination of PDT with ICBs are just being initiated. Overall, this Trial Watch provides a summary of recent clinical information on the immunomodulatory properties of PDT and ongoing clinical trials using PDT to treat cancer patients. It also discusses the future perspectives of PDT for oncological indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Penetra
- CQC - Coimbra Chemistry Center, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís G. Arnaut
- CQC - Coimbra Chemistry Center, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Felifel NT, Sliem MA, Kamel Z, Bojarska J, Seadawy MG, Amin RM, Elnagdy SM. Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus Using Nanoemulsion-Encapsulated Zinc Phthalocyanine. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1143. [PMID: 37317117 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant microorganisms have become a significant public health threat, and traditional antibiotics are becoming ineffective. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising alternative that utilizes photosensitizers and light to produce Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) that can kill microorganisms. Zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) is a promising photosensitizer due to its strong affinity for encapsulation in nanoemulsions and its antimicrobial properties. In this study, nanoemulsion was prepared using Miglyol 812N, a surfactant, and distilled water to dissolve hydrophobic drugs such as ZnPc. The nanoemulsion was characterized by its particle size, polydispersity index, Transmission Electron Microscope and Zeta potential, and the results showed that it was an efficient nanocarrier system that facilitated the solubilization of hydrophobic drugs in water. The use of ZnPc encapsulated in the nanoemulsion produced through the spontaneous emulsification method resulted in a significant reduction in cell survival percentages of gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative Escherichia coli by 85% and 75%, respectively. This may be attributed to the more complex cell membrane structure of E. coli compared to S. aureus. This demonstrates the potential of nanoemulsion-based PDT as an effective alternative to traditional antibiotics for treating multidrug-resistant microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada T Felifel
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Gamma St., Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Sliem
- National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences (NILES), Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Zienat Kamel
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Gamma St., Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Joanna Bojarska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Mohamed G Seadawy
- Biological Prevention Department, Ministry of Defense, Cairo 11766, Egypt
| | - Rehab M Amin
- National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences (NILES), Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Sherif M Elnagdy
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Gamma St., Giza 12613, Egypt
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7
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Razlog R, Kruger CA, Abrahamse H. Cytotoxic Effects of Combinative ZnPcS 4 Photosensitizer Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) and Cannabidiol (CBD) on a Cervical Cancer Cell Line. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076151. [PMID: 37047123 PMCID: PMC10094677 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The most prevalent type of gynecological malignancy globally is cervical cancer (CC). Complicated by tumor resistance and metastasis, it remains the leading cause of cancer deaths in women in South Africa. Early CC is managed by hysterectomy, chemotherapy, radiation, and more recently, immunotherapy. Although these treatments provide clinical benefits, many patients experience adverse effects and secondary CC spread. To minimize this, novel and innovative treatment methods need to be investigated. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an advantageous treatment modality that is non-invasive, with limited side effects. The Cannabis sativa L. plant isolate, cannabidiol (CBD), has anti-cancer effects, which inhibit tumor growth and spread. This study investigated the cytotoxic combinative effect of PDT and CBD on CC HeLa cells. The effects were assessed by exposing in vitro HeLa CC-cultured cells to varying doses of ZnPcS4 photosensitizer (PS) PDT and CBD, with a fluency of 10 J/cm2 and 673 nm irradiation. HeLa CC cells, which received the predetermined lowest dose concentrations (ICD50) of 0.125 µM ZnPcS4 PS plus 0.5 µM CBD to yield 50% cytotoxicity post-laser irradiation, reported highly significant and advantageous forms of cell death. Flow cytometry cell death pathway quantitative analysis showed that only 13% of HeLa cells were found to be viable, 7% were in early apoptosis and 64% were in late favorable forms of apoptotic cell death, with a minor 16% of necrosis post-PDT. Findings suggest that this combined treatment approach can possibly induce primary cellular destruction, as well as limit CC metastatic spread, and so warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radmila Razlog
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, P.O. Box 17011, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
| | - Cherie Ann Kruger
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, P.O. Box 17011, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, P.O. Box 17011, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
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8
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Recent Advances in Green Metallic Nanoparticles for Enhanced Drug Delivery in Photodynamic Therapy: A Therapeutic Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054808. [PMID: 36902238 PMCID: PMC10003542 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, cancer is one of the leading causes of death among men and women, it is characterized by the unregulated proliferation of tumor cells. Some of the common risk factors associated with cancer development include the consistent exposure of body cells to carcinogenic agents such as alcohol, tobacco, toxins, gamma rays and alpha particles. Besides the above-mentioned risk factors, conventional therapies such as radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have also been linked to the development of cancer. Over the past decade, tremendous efforts have been invested in the synthesis of eco-friendly green metallic nanoparticles (NPs), and their medical application. Comparatively, metallic NPs have greater advantages over conventional therapies. Additionally, metallic NPs can be functionalized with different targeting moieties e.g., liposomes, antibodies, folic acid, transferrin, and carbohydrates. Herein, we review and discuss the synthesis, and therapeutic potential of green synthesized metallic NPs for enhanced cancer photodynamic therapy (PDT). Finally, the advantages of green hybridized activatable NPs over conventional photosensitizers (PSs) and the future perspectives of nanotechnology in cancer research are discussed in the review. Furthermore, we anticipate that the insights offered in this review will inspire the design and development of green nano-formulations for enhanced image-guided PDT in cancer treatment.
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9
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Liu H, Yu C, Lyu M, Lyu S, Hu L, Xiao E, Xu P. Novel albumin-binding photodynamic agent EB-Ppa for targeted fluorescent imaging guided tumour photodynamic therapy. RSC Adv 2023; 13:3534-3540. [PMID: 36756591 PMCID: PMC9890653 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07380c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The targeted and novel albumin-binding strategy has been attractive in the field of cancer therapy. Herein, we have developed an organic small molecule-based photosensitizer, Evans Blue-Pyropheophorbide-alpha (EB-Ppa), to treat solid tumors with extremely high photodynamic therapeutic efficiency, which is stable in serum-containing aqueous media and can effectively accumulate in the tumor site due to the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Particularly, after the photodynamic therapeutic treatment with EB-Ppa, all breast tumors (4T1 cell line) xenografted in nude mice shrink fast due to the singlet oxygen generated by EB-Ppa with laser irradiation. Furthermore, EB-Ppa shows negligible toxicity in major organs. These results demonstrate that EB-Ppa presents the great potential of photodynamic therapy for efficient tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- Departments of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha 410011 Hunan P. R. China
| | - Cheng Yu
- Departments of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha 410011 Hunan P. R. China
| | - Min Lyu
- Departments of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha 410011 Hunan P. R. China
| | - Shiyi Lyu
- Departments of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha 410011 Hunan P. R. China
| | - LiNan Hu
- Departments of Radiology, Zhuzhou Central HospitalZhuzhou 412000HunanP. R. China
| | - Enhua Xiao
- Departments of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha 410011 Hunan P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical UniversityJining 272000P. R. China,Department of Diagnostic Radiology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore119074Singapore
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Miretti M, Graglia MAG, Suárez AI, Prucca CG. Photodynamic Therapy for glioblastoma: a light at the end of the tunnel. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2023.100161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Xue Q, Zhang J, Jiao J, Qin W, Yang X. Photodynamic therapy for prostate cancer: Recent advances, challenges and opportunities. Front Oncol 2022; 12:980239. [PMID: 36212416 PMCID: PMC9538922 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.980239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, there has been a tendency toward early diagnosis of prostate cancer due to raised awareness among the general public and professionals, as well as the promotion of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening. As a result, patients with prostate cancer are detected at an earlier stage. Due to the risks of urine incontinence, erectile dysfunction, etc., surgery is not advised because the tumor is so small at this early stage. Doctors typically only advise active surveillance. However, it will bring negative psychological effects on patients, such as anxiety. And there is a higher chance of cancer progression. Focal therapy has received increasing attention as an alternative option between active monitoring and radical therapy. Due to its minimally invasive, oncological safety, low toxicity, minimal effects on functional outcomes and support by level 1 evidence from the only RCT within the focal therapy literature, photodynamic treatment (PDT) holds significant promise as the focal therapy of choice over other modalities for men with localized prostate cancer. However, there are still numerous obstacles that prevent further advancement. The review that follows provides an overview of the preclinical and clinical published research on PDT for prostate cancer from 1999 to the present. It focuses on clinical applications of PDT and innovative techniques and technologies that address current problems, especially the use of nanoparticle photosensitizers in PDT of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jingliang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | | | - Weijun Qin
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaojian Yang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
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Mamand DM, Anwer TMK, Qadr HM, Mussa CH. Investigation of Spectroscopic and Optoelectronic Properties of Phthalocyanine Molecules. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363222090249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
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13
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CUI Z, SHU Y, XIE X, JIN Y. Light-driven activation of NADPH oxidases. SCIENTIA SINICA VITAE 2022. [DOI: 10.1360/ssv-2022-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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14
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Ding G, Tong J, Gong J, Wang Z, Su Z, Liu L, Han X, Wang J, Zhang L, Wang X, Wen LL, Shan GG. Molecular engineering to achieve AIE-active photosensitizers with NIR emission and rapid ROS generation efficiency. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:5272-5278. [PMID: 35766043 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02738g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) photosensitizers with rapid reactive oxygen species (ROS) production ability are in great demand owing to their promising performance toward boosting photodynamic therapy (PDT) and deep-tissue imaging, but molecular design guidelines for efficient photosensitizers are rarely elucidated. Herein, three AIEgens named DBP, TBP, and TBP-SO3 are designed and synthesized by precise donor-acceptor (D-A) molecular engineering to deeply understand the structure-property-application relationships. All the compounds exhibit AIE characteristics with strong long-wavelength emission in the aggregated state and are capable of efficiently producing ROS under white light irradiation. By controlling the ability of the D-A units, TBP-SO3 realizes NIR emission and more rapid ROS generation ability due to the promoted intersystem crossing processes compared with those of DBP and TBP. In addition, NIR-emitting TBP-SO3 is capable of specific endoplasmic reticulum targeting and excellent PDT treatment ability of cancer cells and bacteria. This successful example of molecular engineering paves a valuable way for developing advanced PSs with AIE properties, efficient ROS generation ability, and intense emission for fluorescence imaging PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyu Ding
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China.
| | - Jialin Tong
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry and National & Local United Engineering Lab for Power Battery, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China.
| | - Jianye Gong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic Synthesis, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, P. R. China.
| | - Zhiming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhongmin Su
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China.
| | - Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xu Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China.
| | - Jianguo Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic Synthesis, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, P. R. China.
| | - Lingyu Zhang
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry and National & Local United Engineering Lab for Power Battery, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China.
| | - Xinlong Wang
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry and National & Local United Engineering Lab for Power Battery, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China.
| | - Li-Li Wen
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China.
| | - Guo-Gang Shan
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry and National & Local United Engineering Lab for Power Battery, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China.
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15
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On the remarkable nonlinear optical properties of natural tomato lycopene. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9078. [PMID: 35641580 PMCID: PMC9156756 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12196-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In line with the renewed interest in developing novel Non Linear Optical (NLO) materials, natural Lycopene’s NLO Properties are reported for the first time within the scientific literature. Correlated to its 1-D conjugated π-electrons linear conformation, it is shown that natural Lycopene exhibits a significantly elevated 3rd order nonlinearity χ(3) as high as 2.65 10−6 esu, the largest value of any investigated natural phyto-compound so far, including β-carotene. In addition to a saturable absorption, the corresponding observed self-defocusing effect in Lycopene seems to be the result of a thermal nonlinearity. The nonlinear response coupled to the observed fluorescence in the Visible spectral range points to a potential photodynamic therapy application as well as the possibility of engineering of novel hybrid Lycopene based NLO nano-materials.
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16
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Ogura Y, Nakano M, Maeda H, Segi M, Furuyama T. Cationic Axial Ligand Effects on Sulfur-Substituted Subphthalocyanines. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092766. [PMID: 35566117 PMCID: PMC9105831 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis of sulfur-substituted boron(III) subphthalocyanines (SubPcs) with cationic axial ligands. Subphthalocyanines were synthesized by a condensation reaction using the corresponding phthalonitriles and boron trichloride as a template. An aminoalkyl group was introduced on the central boron atom; this process was followed by N-methylation to introduce a cationic axial ligand. The peripheral sulfur groups shifted the Q band of SubPcs to a longer wavelength. The cationic axial ligands increased the polarity and enhanced the hydrophilicity of SubPcs. The effect of axial ligands on absorption and fluorescence properties is generally small. However, a further red shift was observed by introducing cationic axial ligands into the sulfur-substituted SubPcs. This change is similar to that in sulfur-substituted silicon(IV) phthalocyanines. The unique effect of the cationic axial ligand was extensively investigated by theoretical calculations and electrochemistry. In particular, the precise oxidation potential was determined using ionization potential measurements. Thus, the results of the present study provide a novel strategy for developing functional dyes and pigments based on SubPcs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusaku Ogura
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (Y.O.); (M.N.); (H.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Masahiro Nakano
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (Y.O.); (M.N.); (H.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Hajime Maeda
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (Y.O.); (M.N.); (H.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Masahito Segi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (Y.O.); (M.N.); (H.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Taniyuki Furuyama
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (Y.O.); (M.N.); (H.M.); (M.S.)
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)-PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- Correspondence:
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17
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Peng Z, Lv X, Huang S. Photoimmunotherapy: A New Paradigm in Solid Tumor Immunotherapy. Cancer Control 2022. [PMCID: PMC9016614 DOI: 10.1177/10732748221088825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the incidence of cancer has been increasing worldwide. Conventional cancer treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation, which mostly kill tumor cells at the expense of normal and immune cells. Although immunotherapy is an accurate, rapid, efficient tumor immune treatment, it causes serious adverse reactions, such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and neurotoxicity. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an effective and nontoxic procedure for immunotherapy. The clinical combination of phototherapy and immunoadjuvant therapy can induce immunogenic cell death and enhance antigen presentation synergy. It also causes a systemic antitumor immune response to manage residual tumors and distant metastases. Photoimmunotherapy (PIT) is a tumor treatment combining phototherapy with immunotherapy based on injecting a conjugate photosensitizer (IR700) and a monoclonal antibody (mAb) to target an expressed antigen on the tumor surface. This combination can enhance the immune response ability, thus having a good effect on the treatment of residual tumor and metastatic cancer. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in photoimmunotherapy, including photoimmunoconjugate (PIC), the activation mechanism of immunogenic cell death (ICD), the combination therapy model, opportunities and prospects. Specifically, we aim to provide a promising clinical therapy for solid tumor clinical transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Peng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, China
| | - Xiaolan Lv
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Liuzhou Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Liu Zhou, China
| | - Shigao Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
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18
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Ivanova YB, Pukhovskaya SG, Kiselev AN, Syrbu SA. Physicochemical Basis for the Creation of Liquid-Phase Sensor Materials Based on Tetraaryldithiaporphyrins. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363222020128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Conjugation of Antimicrobial Peptide to Zinc Phthalocyanine for an Efficient Photodynamic Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12020200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy is an attractive and novel therapeutic approach to treat microbial infections. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have the potential to specifically target and kill the microorganism while showing no effect toward mammalian cells. In the current study, antimicrobial peptide (GGG(RW)3), an analogue of MP-196, was conjugated to a zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) photosensitizer (PS) for photoinactivation assay to enhance the bacterial killing efficacy of the peptide. The AMPs showed selectivity toward the Gram-positive strain of bacteria. We observed that the conjugate ZnPc-GGG(RW)3 also displayed a photoinactivation effect against the Gram-positive strains of S. aureus. The results showed that ZnPc-GGG(RW)3 induced a 6-log reduction (i.e., 99.999% cell killing) in Gram-positive S. aureus at a light dose of 22 J/cm2 upon illumination under red light, while the peptide did not exhibit such a significant effect when tested alone at the same concentration. The conjugate also showed 50% inhibition of the bacterial strain in the dark at a higher concentration. Furthermore, the addition of potassium iodide salt to the PS at lower concentrations also significantly killed the Gram-negative E. coli strain and killed the E. coli strain with up to a 5-log reduction at a light dose of 22 J/cm2 under red light illumination. We demonstrated the efficacy of antimicrobial peptide (GGG(RW)3 enhanced by conjugation to a ZnPc photosensitizer.
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20
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Photodynamic Therapy with an AlPcS4Cl Gold Nanoparticle Conjugate Decreases Lung Cancer’s Metastatic Potential. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12020199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis and the risk of secondary tumours are the leading causes of cancer related death, and despite advances in cancer treatment, lung cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide. A crucial characteristic of metastases is cell invasion potential, which is mainly determined by cell motility. Photodynamic therapy (PDT), known for its minimally invasive cancer treatment approach, has been extensively researched in vitro and is currently being developed clinically. Due to their physicochemical and optical properties, gold nanoparticles have been shown to increase the effectivity of PDT by increasing the loading potential of the photosensitizer (PS) inside cancer cells, to be biocompatible and nontoxic, to provide enhanced permeability and retention, and to induce lung cancer cell death. However, effects of gold nano phototherapy on lung cancer metastasis are yet to be investigated. The aim of this in vitro study was to determine the inhibitory effects of PS-gold nano bioconjugates on lung cancer metastasis by analysing cell proliferation, migration, cell cycle analysis, and extracellular matrix cell invasion. The findings indicate that nano-mediated PDT treatment of lung cancer prevents lung cancer migration and invasion, induces cell cycle arrest, and reduces lung cancer proliferation abilities, elaborating on the efficacy of the nano-mediated PDT treatment of lung cancer.
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21
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Tetra-2,3-Pyrazinoporphyrazines with Externally Appended Pyridine Rings 22 Synthesis, Physicochemical and Photoactivity Studies on In(III) Mono- and Heteropentanuclear Complexes. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030849. [PMID: 35164111 PMCID: PMC8840402 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The basic macrocyclic octapyridinotetrapyrazinoporphyrazine InIII complex of formula [Py8TPyzPzIn(OAc)]·8H2O, prepared by reaction of the free ligand [Py8TPyzPzH2]·2H2O with In(OAc)3, is a stable-to-air species of which the structure has been studied by its X-ray powder diffraction and mass spectra and characterization operated by IR and UV-visible spectral behavior. The complex has been further examined and proven to be of potential interest for its response as an anticancer agent in the field of photodynamic therapy (PDT), the value of ΦΔ = 0.55 (in DMF) being in the range of 0.4–0.6 at the level of similar phthalocyanine and porphyrazine analogs and qualifying the species as a highly efficient anticancer agent. Planned parallel types of investigation, including their photoactive behaviour in PDT, have been extended to the mononuclear octacation [(2-Mepy)8TPyzPzIn(OAc)]8+ (salted by iodide ions) and the heteropentanuclear derivatives [(M’Cl2)4Py8TPyzPzIn(OAc)]·xH2O (M’ = PdII, x = 8; PtII, x = 1)) and [{(Pd(CBT)2)4}Py8TPyzPzIn(OAc)]·19H2O (CBT = m-carborane-1-thiolate anion).
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22
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Targeting Cancer Cell Tight Junctions Enhances PLGA-Based Photothermal Sensitizers' Performance In Vitro and In Vivo. Pharmaceutics 2021; 14:pharmaceutics14010043. [PMID: 35056939 PMCID: PMC8778343 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of non-invasive photothermal therapy (PTT) methods utilizing nanoparticles as sensitizers is one of the most promising directions in modern oncology. Nanoparticles loaded with photothermal dyes are capable of delivering a sufficient amount of a therapeutic substance and releasing it with the desired kinetics in vivo. However, the effectiveness of oncotherapy methods, including PTT, is often limited due to poor penetration of sensitizers into the tumor, especially into solid tumors of epithelial origin characterized by tight cellular junctions. In this work, we synthesized 200 nm nanoparticles from the biocompatible copolymer of lactic and glycolic acid, PLGA, loaded with magnesium phthalocyanine, PLGA/Pht-Mg. The PLGA/Pht-Mg particles under the irradiation with NIR light (808 nm), heat the surrounding solution by 40 °C. The effectiveness of using such particles for cancer cells elimination was demonstrated in 2D culture in vitro and in our original 3D model with multicellular spheroids possessing tight cell contacts. It was shown that the mean inhibitory concentration of such nanoparticles upon light irradiation for 15 min worsens by more than an order of magnitude: IC50 increases from 3 µg/mL for 2D culture vs. 117 µg/mL for 3D culture. However, when using the JO-4 intercellular junction opener protein, which causes a short epithelial–mesenchymal transition and transiently opens intercellular junctions in epithelial cells, the efficiency of nanoparticles in 3D culture was comparable or even outperforming that for 2D (IC50 = 1.9 µg/mL with JO-4). Synergy in the co-administration of PTT nanosensitizers and JO-4 protein was found to retain in vivo using orthotopic tumors of BALB/c mice: we demonstrated that the efficiency in the delivery of such nanoparticles to the tumor is 2.5 times increased when PLGA/Pht-Mg nanoparticles are administered together with JO-4. Thus the targeting the tumor cell junctions can significantly increase the performance of PTT nanosensitizers.
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23
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Zheng BD, Ye J, Huang YY, Xiao MT. Phthalocyanine-based photoacoustic contrast agents for imaging and theranostics. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:7811-7825. [PMID: 34755723 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01435h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Phthalocyanine, as an organic dye, has attracted much attention due to its high molar absorption coefficient in the near-infrared region (NIR). It is precisely because of this advantage that phthalocyanine is very beneficial to photoacoustic imaging (PAI). At present, many different strategies have been adopted to design phthalocyanine-based contrast agents with photoacoustic (PA) effect, including increasing water solubility, changing spectral properties, prolonging the circulation time, constructing activatable supramolecular nanoparticles, increasing targeting, etc. Based on this, this minireview highlighted the above ways to enhance the PA effect of phthalocyanine. What's more, the application of phthalocyanine-based PA contrast agents in biomedical imaging and image-guided phototherapy has been discussed. Finally, this minireview also provides the prospects and challenges of phthalocyanine-based PA contrast agents in order to provide some reference for the application of phthalocyanine-based PA contrast agents in biomedical imaging and guiding tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-De Zheng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Jing Ye
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Ya-Yan Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Mei-Tian Xiao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
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24
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Pontón I, Sánchez-García D. Preparation of porphyrin and phthalocyanine conjugates for biomedical applications. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424621300068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to offer a succinct overview of the main synthetic techniques used in the preparation of conjugates containing porphyrins, including chlorins and bacteriochlorins and phthalocyanines for biomedical applications and photodynamic therapy (PDT). To illustrate the conjugation techniques representative examples from the literature will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Pontón
- Grup d’Enginyeria de Materials (GEMAT), Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Sánchez-García
- Grup d’Enginyeria de Materials (GEMAT), Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
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25
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Jin ZY, Fatima H, Zhang Y, Shao Z, Chen XJ. Recent Advances in Bio‐Compatible Oxygen Singlet Generation and Its Tumor Treatment. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yang Jin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou Zhejiang 325015 P. R. China
| | - Hira Fatima
- Western Australia School of Mines: Minerals Energy and Chemical Engineering (WASM‐MECE) Curtin University Perth Western Australia 6102 Australia
| | - Yue Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou Zhejiang 325015 P. R. China
| | - Zongping Shao
- Western Australia School of Mines: Minerals Energy and Chemical Engineering (WASM‐MECE) Curtin University Perth Western Australia 6102 Australia
- State Key Laboratory of Materials‐Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing Jiangsu 211816 P. R. China
| | - Xiang Jian Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou Zhejiang 325015 P. R. China
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26
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Application of Asymmetrical Flow Field-Flow Fractionation for Characterizing the Size and Drug Release Kinetics of Theranostic Lipid Nanovesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910456. [PMID: 34638795 PMCID: PMC8508677 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposome size and in vitro release of the active substance belong to critical quality attributes of liposomal carriers. Here, we apply asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) to characterize theranostic liposomes prepared by thin lipid film hydration/extrusion or microfluidics. The vesicles' size was derived from multi-angle laser light scattering following fractionation (AF4) and compared to sizes derived from dynamic light scattering measurements. Additionally, we adapted a previously developed AF4 method to study zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) release/transfer from theranostic liposomes. To this end, theranostic liposomes were incubated with large acceptor liposomes serving as a sink (mimicking biological sinks) and were subsequently separated by AF4. During incubation, ZnPc was transferred from donor to acceptor fraction until reaching equilibrium. The process followed first-order kinetics with half-lives between 119.5-277.3 min, depending on the formulation. The release mechanism was postulated to represent a combination of Fickian diffusion and liposome relaxation. The rate constant of the transfer was proportional to the liposome size and inversely proportional to the ZnPc/POPC molar ratio. Our results confirm the usefulness of AF4 based method to study in vitro release/transfer of lipophilic payload, which may be useful to estimate the unwanted loss of drug from the liposomal carrier in vivo.
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27
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Recent Progress in Phthalocyanine-Polymeric Nanoparticle Delivery Systems for Cancer Photodynamic Therapy. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11092426. [PMID: 34578740 PMCID: PMC8469866 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This perspective article summarizes the last decade’s developments in the field of phthalocyanine (Pc)-polymeric nanoparticle (NP) delivery systems for cancer photodynamic therapy (PDT), including studies with at least in vitro data. Moreover, special attention will be paid to the various strategies for enhancing the behavior of Pc-polymeric NPs in PDT, underlining the great potential of this class of nanomaterials as advanced Pcs’ nanocarriers for cancer PDT. This review shows that there is still a lot of research to be done, opening the door to new and interesting nanodelivery systems.
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28
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Simelane NWN, Kruger CA, Abrahamse H. Targeted Nanoparticle Photodynamic Diagnosis and Therapy of Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9779. [PMID: 34575942 PMCID: PMC8466279 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is an aggressive cancer that remains a challenge to diagnose and treat. Photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) and therapy (PDT) are novel alternative techniques, which can enhance early diagnosis, as well as elicit tumor cell death. This is accomplished through photosensitizer (PS) mediated fluorescence and cytotoxic reactive oxygen species activation upon laser light irradiation excitation at specific low and high range wavelengths, respectively. However, the lack of PS target tumor tissue specificity often hampers these techniques. This study successfully fabricated a bioactive nanoconjugate, ZnPcS4-AuNP-S-PEG5000-NH2-Anti-GCC mAb (BNC), based upon a polyethylene glycol-gold nanoparticle, which was multi-functionalized with a fluorescent PDT metalated zinc phthalocyanine PS, and specific anti-GCC targeting antibodies, to overcome CRC PDD and PDT challenges. The BNC was found to be stable and showed selectively improved subcellular accumulation within targeted CRC for improved PDD and PDT outcomes in comparison to healthy in vitro cultured cells. Additionally, the BNC reported significantly higher late apoptotic PDT-induced CRC cell death rates (34% ***) when compared to PDT PS administration alone (15% *). These results indicated that the improved PDD and PDT outcomes were due to the specific PS accumulation in CRC cells through nanoparticle carriage and bioactive anti-GCC targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cherie Ann Kruger
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa; (N.W.N.S.); (H.A.)
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29
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Vargas-Zúñiga GI, Kim HS, Li M, Sessler JL, Kim JS. Pyrrole-based photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy — a Thomas Dougherty award paper. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424621300044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a therapeutic modality that uses light to treat malignant or benign diseases. A photosensitizer, light, and oxygen are the three main components needed to generate a cytotoxic effect. Pyrrole-based photosensitizers have been widely used for PDT. Many of the photosensitizers within this class are macrocyclic. This is particularly true for systems that have received regulatory approval or been the subject of clinical trials. However, in recent years, a number of boron dipyrromethanes (BODIPY) have been studied as photosensitizers. Herein, we review examples of some of the most relevant pyrrole-based photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela I. Vargas-Zúñiga
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th Street-A5300, Austin, TX 78712-1224, USA
| | - Hyeong Seok Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Mingle Li
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th Street-A5300, Austin, TX 78712-1224, USA
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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Crous A, Abrahamse H. Aluminium (III) phthalocyanine chloride tetrasulphonate is an effective photosensitizer for the eradication of lung cancer stem cells. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:210148. [PMID: 34527268 PMCID: PMC8424323 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.210148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered to contribute to the recurrence of lung cancer due to their stem-like nature and the involvement of genetic markers associated with drug efflux, regeneration and metastases. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a cost-effective and non-invasive therapeutic application that can act as an alternative therapy for lung cancer when considering CSC involvement. Stem-like cells derived from the A549 lung cancer cell line, positive for CD133, CD56 and CD44 antigen markers, were characterized, intracellular localization of aluminium (III) phthalocyanine chloride tetrasulphonate (AlPcS4Cl) determined and its anti-cancer PDT effects were evaluated. Results confirmed that isolated cells were stem cell-like and subcellular localization of AlPcS4Cl in integral organelles involved in cell homeostasis supported the destruction of CSC. AlPcS4Cl's effectivity was demonstrated with CSC eradication showing a significant increase in cytotoxicity and cell death via apoptosis, caused by a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential. PDT could serve as a palliative treatment for lung cancer and improve prognosis by elimination of lung CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anine Crous
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
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31
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Bellucci N, Donzello MP, Viola E, Ercolani C. Homo/Heteropentanuclear Porphyrazine Mg II, Zn II, and Pd II Macrocycles with Externally Pending PdCl 2 and Pd(CBT) 2 Units: Synthesis, Physicochemical Characterization, and Photoactivity Studies. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:12029-12038. [PMID: 34324342 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent work has been developed on two new classes of neutral porphyrazine complexes of formulas [(PdCl2)4Py8PzM]·xH2O (Py8Pz = octakis(2-pyridyl)porphyrazinato anion; M = MgII(H2O), ZnII, PdII) and [{Pd(CBT)2}4Py8PzM]·xH2O (M = MgII(H2O), ZnII; CBT = m-carborane-1-thiolate anion). Characterization of all the species has been conducted by IR and UV-visible spectral measurements in a systematic comparison with the corresponding already known mononuclear species [Py8PzM] (M = MgII(H2O), ZnII) and the mono-PdII analogue isolated and presented here for the first time. Comparison includes also the two parent classes of pentanuclear tetrapyrazinoporphyrazines having the more extended π-electron delocalized macrocyclic core Py8TPyzPz. The reported new classes of pentanuclear complexes behave as active photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy (PDT), and due to the high boron content of the CBT derivatives, perspectives for them are open of application in the field of bimodal PDT/BNCT (boron neutron capture therapy) anticancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Bellucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma Sapienza, P. le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Donzello
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma Sapienza, P. le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Viola
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma Sapienza, P. le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Ercolani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma Sapienza, P. le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Zeyan Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Zujin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
- Department of Chemistry The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology Kowloon Hong Kong China
- AIE Institute Guangzhou Development District Huangpu Guangzhou China
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Pierre MBR. Nanocarriers for Photodynamic Therapy Intended to Cutaneous Tumors. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 22:1090-1107. [PMID: 33397257 DOI: 10.2174/1389450122999210101230743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is a therapeutic modality used for several malignant and premalignant skin disorders, including Bowen's disease skin cancers and Superficial Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC). Several photosensitizers (PSs) have been explored for tumor destruction of skin cancers, after their activation by a light source of appropriate wavelength. Topical release of PSs avoids prolonged photosensitization reactions associated with systemic administration; however, its clinical usefulness is influenced by its poor tissue penetration and the stability of the active agent. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems are promising tool to enhance the efficiency for PDT of cancer. This review focuses on PSs encapsulated in nanocarriers explored for PDT of skin tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria B R Pierre
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)- Faculdade de Farmacia- Av, Brigadeiro Trompowsky, s/n. CEP Rio de Janeiro - RJ, 21941-901, Brazil
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He Z, Tian S, Gao Y, Meng F, Luo L. Luminescent AIE Dots for Anticancer Photodynamic Therapy. Front Chem 2021; 9:672917. [PMID: 34113602 PMCID: PMC8185329 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.672917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging effective strategy for cancer treatment. Compared with conventional cancer therapies, such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, PDT has shown great promise as a next-generation cancer therapeutic strategy owing to its many advantages such as non-invasiveness, negligible observed drug resistance, localized treatment, and fewer side effects. One of the key elements in photodynamic therapy is the photosensitizer (PS) which converts photons into active cytotoxic species, namely, reactive oxygen species (ROS). An ideal PS for photodynamic therapy requires the efficient generation of ROS, high stability against photo bleaching, and robust performance in different environments and concentrations. PSs with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics have drawn significant attention, in that they can overcome the aggregation- caused quenching effect that is commonly seen in the case of fluorescence dyes and provide excellent performance at high concentrations or in their condensed state. Moreover, organic nanomaterials with AIE characteristics, or AIE dots, have played an increasingly significant role in assisting PDT based on its excellent ROS generation efficiency and simultaneous imaging feature. This review summarizes the recent advances on the molecular design of AIE PSs and AIE dots-based probes, as well as their emerging applications for enhanced anticancer PDT theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyan He
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sidan Tian
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuting Gao
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fanling Meng
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Luo
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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35
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Schmidt AM, Calvete MJF. Phthalocyanines: An Old Dog Can Still Have New (Photo)Tricks! Molecules 2021; 26:2823. [PMID: 34068708 PMCID: PMC8126243 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phthalocyanines have enjoyed throughout the years the benefits of being exquisite compounds with many favorable properties arising from the straightforward and diverse possibilities of their structural modulation. Last decades appreciated a steady growth in applications for phthalocyanines, particularly those dependent on their great photophysical properties, now used in several cutting-edge technologies, particularly in photonic applications. Judging by the vivid reports currently provided by many researchers around the world, the spotlight remains assured. This review deals with the use of phthalocyanine molecules in innovative materials in photo-applications. Beyond a comprehensive view on the recent discoveries, a critical review of the most acclaimed/considered reports is the driving force, providing a brief and direct insight on the latest milestones in phthalocyanine photonic-based science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M. Schmidt
- LifeEstetika, Laser Solutions, Universitätstadt Tübingen, Maria-von-Linden Strasse, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Mário J. F. Calvete
- University of Coimbra, CQC, Department of Chemistry, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
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36
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Aktas Kamiloglu A. Photochemical properties of fluoro-chalcone substituted peripherally tetra Zn(II)Pc and Mg(II)Pc. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-020-01040-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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37
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Yang Z, Li P, Chen Y, Dong E, Feng Z, He Z, Zhou C, Wang C, Liu Y, Feng C. Preparation of zinc phthalocyanine-loaded amphiphilic phosphonium chitosan nanomicelles for enhancement of photodynamic therapy efficacy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 202:111693. [PMID: 33774518 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
To increase the solubility and the encapsulation of zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT), a positively charged amphiphilic phosphonium chitosan nanomicelle with multi-benzene structure was developed, and its application to PDT was explored. N-acetyl-l-phenylalanine-(4-carboxybutyl) triphenylphosphonium bromide chitosan (CTPB-CS-NAP), a chitosan derivative with tunable amphiphilicity, was synthesized first. ZnPc was encapsulated in CTPB-CS-NAP at the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 4.898 mg/L by a hydrophobic self-assembly method to form ZnPc-loaded nanomicelles (ZnPc@CTPB-CS-NAP). The method gives the highest encapsulation efficiency and drug loading of 89.4 % and 22.3 %, respectively. ZnPc@CTPB-CS-NAP is stably dispersed in aqueous solution and shows the average particle size of 103±5 nm. PDT experiments suggest the phototoxicity of ZnPc@CTPB-CS-NAP is much higher than that of ZnPc, but no obvious dark cytotoxicity is observed. Our study has provided a new strategy for improving the photodynamic therapy efficacy of hydrophobic photosensitizer by the encapsulation with chitosan derivative carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziming Yang
- Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, PR China; South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524091, PR China
| | - Puwang Li
- South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524091, PR China
| | - Yu Chen
- Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, PR China.
| | - Enming Dong
- South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524091, PR China
| | - Zhipan Feng
- Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Zuyu He
- South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524091, PR China
| | - Chuang Zhou
- South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524091, PR China
| | - Chao Wang
- South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524091, PR China
| | - Yunhao Liu
- South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524091, PR China
| | - Changgen Feng
- Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, PR China.
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38
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Casa S, Henary M. Synthesis and Applications of Selected Fluorine-Containing Fluorophores. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041160. [PMID: 33671600 PMCID: PMC7927054 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of fluorine-containing small molecules has had numerous benefits of improving the quality and efficiency of many applications of these compounds. For example, fluorine adds promising functionalities in various areas of imaging (MRI, PET, and NIR); gives cell-targeting properties; and has demonstrated improvements in cell permeability, solubility, and other pharmacologic properties. For these and other numerous reasons, fluorination of molecules has grown in popularity in various fields of chemistry. Many reports show the effects observed from increasing the number of fluorine atoms on a fluorophore scaffold. This report will cover the most significant applications and improvements that fluorine has contributed to in various dye scaffolds such as BODIPY, rhodamine, phthalocyanine, and cyanine in the recent decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Casa
- Department of Chemistry, Petit Science Center, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA;
| | - Maged Henary
- Department of Chemistry, Petit Science Center, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA;
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Petit Science Center, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +404-413-5566; Fax: +404-413-5505
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39
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Synthesis of novel nicotinamide susbstituted phthalocyanine and photodynamic antomicrobial chemotherapy evaluation potentiated by potassium iodide against the gram positive S. aureus and gram negative E. coli. Biotechnol Lett 2021; 43:781-790. [PMID: 33387115 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-03071-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, we propose the synthesis of novel nicotinamide subsituted phthlocyanine photosensitizer (PS) and characterized by FTIR, UV-visible, H-NMR and MALDI Toff spectroscopy. Nicotinamide plays a vital rule in the central nervous system and its potential as a therapeutic for neurodegenerative disease. Nicotinamide substituted PS (3) efficiently produced ROS via type-1 process as measured by DCF assay. We observed that our PS after red light illumination (22 J/cm2) killed gram positive S. aureus upto 3 log reduction. Furher the addition of Potassium Iodide (100 mM) significantly potentiated PS at lower concentrations and enhanced the bacterial killing upto 6 log reduction against the S. aureus. We further found that the synergistic effect of PS and KI also eradicated the gram negative E. coli strain at lower concentraion of PS and found to killed E. coli upto 5 log reduction under the red light illumination at 22 J/cm2 of light dose. The conjugation of such biologically important form of vitamin B3 with PS would be a great addition and could pav the way for the novel photodynamic agent in the treatement of cancer and infectious diseases. A new symmetrical Nicotinamide tetrasubstituted zinc phthalocyanine (3) was synthesized. Upon addition of potassium Iodide with PS, the PS exhibited significant photodynamic activity with 5-6 logs reduction in bacterial load was achieved.
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40
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Uchiyama M, Momotake A, Ikeue T, Yamamoto Y. Photogeneration of Reactive Oxygen Species from Water-Soluble Phthalocyanine Derivatives Bound to a G-Quadruplex DNA. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mami Uchiyama
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Atsuya Momotake
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Takahisa Ikeue
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University,1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
- Tsukuba Research Centre for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
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41
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Dharmaratne P, Wang B, Wong RCH, Chan BCL, Lau KM, Ke MR, Lau CBS, Ng DKP, Fung KP, Ip M. Monosubstituted tricationic Zn(II) phthalocyanine enhances antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and cytotoxicity evaluation for topical applications: in vitro and in vivo study. Emerg Microbes Infect 2020; 9:1628-1637. [PMID: 32619386 PMCID: PMC7473158 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1790305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is an innovative approach to combat multi-drug resistant bacteria. It is known that cationic Zn(II) phthalocyanines (ZnPc) are effective in mediating aPDT against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Here we used ZnPc-based photosensitizer named ZnPcE previously reported by our research group to evaluate its aPDT efficacy against broad spectrum of clinically relevant MRSAs. Remarkably, in vitro anti-MRSA activity was achieved using near-infrared (NIR, >610 nm) light with minimal bactericidal concentrations ranging <0.019-0.156 µM against the panel of MRSAs. ZnPcE was not only significantly (p < .05) more potent than methylene blue, which is a clinically approved photosensitizer but also demonstrated low cytotoxicity against human fibroblasts cell line (Hs-27) and human immortalized keratinocytes cell line (HaCaT). The toxicity was further evaluated on human 3-D skin constructs and found ZnPcE did not manifest in vivo skin irritation at ≤7.8 µM concentration. In the murine MRSA wound model, ZnPcE with PDT group demonstrated > 4 log10 CFU reduction and the value is significantly higher (p < .05) than all test groups except positive control. To conclude, results of present study provide a scientific basis for future clinical evaluation of ZnPcE-PDT on MRSA wound infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanga Dharmaratne
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), People’s Republic of China
| | - Baiyan Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), People’s Republic of China
| | - Roy C. H. Wong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), People’s Republic of China
| | - Ben C. L. Chan
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), People’s Republic of China
| | - Kit-Man Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei-Rong Ke
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), People’s Republic of China
| | - Clara B. S. Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), People’s Republic of China
| | - Dennis K. P. Ng
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), People’s Republic of China
| | - Kwok-Pui Fung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- CUHK-Zhejiang University Joint Laboratory on Natural Products and Toxicology Research, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China
| | - Margaret Ip
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong (SAR), People’s Republic of China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
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42
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Blood distribution and plasma protein binding of PHOTOCYANINE: a promising phthalocyanine photosensitizer inphaseⅡ clinical trials. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 153:105491. [PMID: 32726646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Blood distribution and plasma protein binding are the important properties that can influence pharmacokinetics and ultimately the anticancer efficacy of photosensitizers in clinical photodynamic therapy. As a novel and promising phthalocyanine photosensitizer under clinical phase Ⅱ investigation in China, the superiority of PHOCYANINE is speculated on its attribution to its binding with plasma proteins. To verify this hypothesis, explore the targeting mechanism and further apply foundation for its clinical trial evaluation, we further study its in vitro and in vivo human blood distribution, in vitro plasma protein and lipoprotein binding in detail. PHOTOCYANINE was found to be mainly distributed in plasma with low KBP and KEP values. Moreover, its high binding rates to plasma proteins among various species (mouse, rat, dog, monkey, and human) were then determined. Among these plasma proteins, human serum albumin and α1-acid-glycoprotein were found to bind PHOTOCYANINE highly, and low-density lipoproteins have the highest percentage of PHOTOCYANINE over other lipoproteins. This study is expected to provide some guidance for PDT clinical evaluations and for further molecular design and development of photosensitizers.
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43
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Binder S, Hosikova B, Mala Z, Zarska L, Kolarova H. Effect of ClAlPcS(2) photodynamic and sonodynamic therapy on HeLa cells. Physiol Res 2020; 68:S467-S474. [PMID: 32118478 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) uses photosensitive substance to provoke a cytotoxic reaction causing a cell damage or cell death. The substances, photosensitizers, are usually derivates of porphyrine or phtalocyanine. Photosensitizers must be activated by light in order to produce reactive oxygen species, mainly singlet oxygen. Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) utilizes ultrasound to enhance a cytotoxic effects of compounds called sonosensitizers. In this study we investigated photodynamic and sonodynamic effect of chloraluminium phtalocyanine disulfonate (ClAlPcS(2)) on HeLa cells. DNA damage, cell viability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were assessed to find whether the combination of PDT and SDT inflicts HeLa cells more than PDT alone. We found that the combined therapy increases DNA fragmentation, enhances ROS production and decreases cell survival. Our results indicate that ClAlPcS(2) can act as a sonosentitiser and combined with PDT causes more irreversible changes to the cells resulting in cell death than PDT alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Binder
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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44
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Lioret V, Bellaye PS, Arnould C, Collin B, Decréau RA. Dual Cherenkov Radiation-Induced Near-Infrared Luminescence Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy toward Tumor Resection. J Med Chem 2020; 63:9446-9456. [PMID: 32706253 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cherenkov radiation (CR), the blue light seen in nuclear reactors, is emitted by some radiopharmaceuticals. This study showed that (1) a portion of CR could be transferred in the region of the optical spectrum, where biological tissues are most transparent: as a result, upon radiance amplification in the near-infrared window, the detection of light could occur twice deeper in tissues than during classical Cherenkov luminescence imaging and (2) Cherenkov-photodynamic therapy (CR-PDT) on cells could be achieved under conditions mimicking unlimited depth using the CR-embarked light source, which is unlike standard PDT, where light penetration depth is limited in biological tissues. Both results are of utmost importance for simultaneous applications in tumor resection and post-resection treatment of remaining unresected margins, thanks to a molecular construct designed to raise its light collection efficiency (i.e., CR energy transfer) by conjugation with multiple CR-absorbing (water-soluble) antenna followed by intramolecular-FRET/TBET energy transfers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Lioret
- ICMUB Institute (Chemistry Department) Sciences Mirande, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, 9 Avenue Alain Savary, Dijon 21078, France
| | | | | | - Bertrand Collin
- Centre George François Leclerc, 1 rue du Professeur Marion, Dijon 21079, France
| | - Richard A Decréau
- ICMUB Institute (Chemistry Department) Sciences Mirande, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, 9 Avenue Alain Savary, Dijon 21078, France
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45
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Chen J, Wang Y, Fang Y, Jiang Z, Wang A, Xue J. Improved photodynamic anticancer activity and mechanisms of a promising zinc(II) phthalocyanine-quinoline conjugate photosensitizer in vitro and in vivo. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:3900-3912. [PMID: 33014574 PMCID: PMC7510905 DOI: 10.1364/boe.394186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of photodynamic therapy, scientists have constantly been searching for more effective and ideal photosensitizers (PSs). As part of our ongoing interest in the development of more potent photosensitizers, quinoline-8-yloxy-substituted zinc(II) phthalocyanine (ZnPc-Q1) has been identified as a promising photosensitizers in tumor cells. This study aims to explore the photodynamic mechanism and in vivo photodynamic efficacy of ZnPc-Q1, and further evaluate its potential in clinical photodynamic therapy application. The single crystal structure of ZnPc-Q1 enables the easy control of clinical quality standards. In comparison with Photofrin, ZnPc-Q1 exhibits considerably higher in vitro anticancer activity by dual dose-related mechanisms (antiproliferative and apoptosis). In addition, the in vivo results demonstrate that ZnPc-Q1 exhibits significant tumor regression with less skin photosensitivity by both direct killing and apoptosis anticancer mechanisms. In conclusion, ZnPc-Q1 can be considered to be a promising ideal PS for clinical application owing to its defined chemical structure without phthalocyanine isomerization, good absorption of tissue-penetrating red light, improved photodynamic therapy efficacy, and reduced skin phototoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Chen
- National and Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, and Fujian Engineering Research Center for Drug and Diagnoses-Treat of Photodynamic Therapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350116, China
| | - Yingming Wang
- Hangzhou Zhizhong Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Yuting Fang
- National and Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, and Fujian Engineering Research Center for Drug and Diagnoses-Treat of Photodynamic Therapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350116, China
| | - Zhihuan Jiang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Aiping Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Beijing Union-Genius Pharmaceutical Technology Development Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Jinping Xue
- National and Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, and Fujian Engineering Research Center for Drug and Diagnoses-Treat of Photodynamic Therapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350116, China
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46
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Synthesis of a Naphthalocyanine-Like Dye: The First Report on Zn(II)-1,6-methano[10]annulenecyanine. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092164. [PMID: 32380780 PMCID: PMC7248870 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of the new dye 1,6-methano[10]annulenecyanine is described. For this purpose, the 3,4-dicyano-1,6-methano[10]annulene and 3,4-carboxyimide-1,6-methano[10]annulene buildings blocks were synthesized in six to eight steps. In both cases, these building blocks were then cyclotetramerized to furnish a new Zn(II)-1,6-methano[10]annulenecyanine which presents a strong red-shifted absorption band at 800 nm and high solubility in common organic solvents.
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47
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Miretti M, Tempesti TC, Prucca CG, Baumgartner MT. Zn phthalocyanines loaded into liposomes: Characterization and enhanced performance of photodynamic activity on glioblastoma cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115355. [PMID: 32067893 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is considered a promising strategy for cancer treatment. PDT utilizes light in combination with a photosensitizer (PS) to induce several phototoxic reactions. Phthalocyanines (Pcs), a second generation of photosensitizers, have been studied in several cancer models. Among these, Pcs, have become of interest for the treatment of glioblastomas which are one of the most common and aggressive forms of tumors of the central nervous system. Due to the lipophilic nature of Pcs and their limited solubility in water, Pcs can be loaded in liposomes. In this work, we characterized liposomes of ZnPc and TAZnPc and their effectiveness to photoinactivate glioblastoma cells, was evaluated. Both Pcs show an increase in their photosensitizing activity when they were administrated in Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine-cholesterol liposomes compared to Pcs administrated in dimethylformamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Miretti
- INFIQC (CONICET), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Tomas C Tempesti
- INFIQC (CONICET), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - César G Prucca
- CIQUIBIC (CONICET), Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwell Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Maria T Baumgartner
- INFIQC (CONICET), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Tang WZ, Cui ZJ. Permanent Photodynamic Activation of the Cholecystokinin 2 Receptor. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020236. [PMID: 32033232 PMCID: PMC7072308 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The cholecystokinin 2 receptor (CCK2R) is expressed in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues, playing an important role in higher nervous and gastrointestinal functions, pain sensation, and cancer growth. CCK2R is reversibly activated by cholecystokinin or gastrin, but whether it can be activated permanently is not known. In this work, we found that CCK2R expressed ectopically in CHO-K1 cells was permanently activated in the dark by sulfonated aluminum phthalocyanine (SALPC / AlPcS4, 10-1,000 nM), as monitored by Fura-2 fluorescent calcium imaging. Permanent CCK2R activation was also observed with AlPcS2, but not PcS4. CCK2R previously exposed to SALPC (3 and 10 nM) was sensitized by subsequent light irradiation (> 580 nm, 31.5 mW·cm-2). After the genetically encoded protein photosensitizer mini singlet oxygen generator (miniSOG) was fused to the N-terminus of CCK2R and expressed in CHO-K1 cells, light irradiation (450 nm, 85 mW·cm-2) activated in-frame CCK2R (miniSOG-CCK2R), permanently triggering persistent calcium oscillations blocked by the CCK2R antagonist YM 022 (30 nM). From these data, it is concluded that SALPC is a long-lasting CCK2R agonist in the dark, and CCK2R is photogenetically activated permanently with miniSOG as photosensitizer. These properties of SALPC and CCK2R could be used to study CCK2R physiology and possibly for pain and cancer therapies.
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Singh S, Aggarwal A, Bhupathiraju NDK, Jovanovic IR, Landress M, Tuz MP, Gao R, Drain CM. Comparing a thioglycosylated chlorin and phthalocyanine as potential theranostic agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115259. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.115259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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50
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Dai J, Li Y, Long Z, Jiang R, Zhuang Z, Wang Z, Zhao Z, Lou X, Xia F, Tang BZ. Efficient Near-Infrared Photosensitizer with Aggregation-Induced Emission for Imaging-Guided Photodynamic Therapy in Multiple Xenograft Tumor Models. ACS NANO 2020; 14:854-866. [PMID: 31820925 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b07972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) strategy has been widely used in tumor treatment, and the reagents for reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role. Herein, we develop a fluorogen (TTB) containing an electron-accepting benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene 1,1,5,5-tetraoxide core and electron-donating 4,4'-(2,2-diphenylethene-1,1-diyl)bis(N,N-diphenylaniline) groups for image-guided targeting PDT application. TTB exhibits a prominent aggregation-induced emission (AIE) property with strong near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence in aggregates and is capable of efficiently generating ROS of O2•- and 1O2 under white light irradiation. The nanoparticles (RGD-4R-MPD/TTB NPs) with NIR emission (∼730 nm), high photostability, and low dark cytotoxicity are fabricated by encapsulating TTB within polymeric matrix and then modified with RGD-4R peptide. They show excellent performance in targeting PDT treatment of PC3, HeLa, and SKOV-3 cancer cells in vitro. The investigations on pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and long-term tracing in vivo reveal that RGD-4R-MPD/TTB NPs can selectively accumulate in tumors for real-time, long-term image-guided PDT treatment. The RGD-4R-MPD/TTB NPs-mediated PDT in multiple xenograft tumor models disclose that the growth of cervical, prostate, and ovarian cancers in mice can be effectively inhibited. These results demonstrate that the reagents employing NIR fluorogen TTB as a photosensitizer could be promising candidates for in vivo image-guided PDT treatments of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Yinghao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Zi Long
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry , China University of Geosciences , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Ruming Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Zeyan Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Zujin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Xiaoding Lou
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry , China University of Geosciences , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Fan Xia
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry , China University of Geosciences , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- Department of Chemistry , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong , China
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