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Norouzi H, Dastan D, Abdullah FO, Al-Qaaneh AM. Recent advances in methods of extraction, pre-concentration, purification, identification, and quantification of kaempferol. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1735:465297. [PMID: 39243588 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
As a naturally widely-occurring dietary, cosmetic, and therapeutic flavonoid, kaempferol has gained much consideration for its nutritional and pharmaceutical properties in recent years. Although there have been performed a high number of studies associated with different aspects of kaempferol's analytical investigations, the lack of a comprehensive summary of the various methods and other plant sources that have been reported for this compound is being felt, especially for many biological applications. This study, aimed to provide a detailed compilation consisting of sources (plant species) and analytical information that was precisely related to the natural flavonoid (kaempferol). There is a trend in analytical research that supports the application of modern eco-friendly instruments and methods. In conclusion, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) is the most general advanced method used widely today for the extraction of kaempferol. During recent years, there is an increasing tendency towards the identification of kaempferol by different methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hooman Norouzi
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dara Dastan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Fuad O Abdullah
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq.
| | - Ayman M Al-Qaaneh
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Al-Balqa Applied University (BAU), Al-Salt 19117 Jordan
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Xu W, Zhang J, Wu Y, Zhang Z, Wang X, Ma J. Influence of Five Drying Methods on Active Compound Contents and Bioactivities of Fresh Flowers from Syringa pubescens Turcz. Molecules 2023; 28:7803. [PMID: 38067533 PMCID: PMC10708128 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The flower of Syringa pubescens Turcz. is used in Chinese folk medicine and also as a flower tea for healthcare. The effects of five drying methods on the active compound contents, the antioxidant abilities, anti-inflammatory properties and enzyme inhibitory activities were evaluated. The plant materials were treated using shade-drying, microwave-drying, sun-drying, infrared-drying and oven-drying. The seven active compounds were simultaneously determined using an HPLC method. Furthermore, the chemical profile was assessed using scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy. The antioxidant capacities and protective effects on L02 cells induced with hydrogen peroxide were measured. The anti-inflammatory effects on lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 cells were investigated. The enzyme inhibitory activities were determined against α-amylase, α-glucosidase cholinesterases and tyrosinase. The results indicated that drying methods had significant influences on the active compound contents and biological properties. Compared with other samples, the OD samples possessed low IC50 values with 0.118 ± 0.004 mg/mL for DPPH radical, 1.538 ± 0.0972 for hydroxyl radical and 0.886 ± 0.199 mg/mL for superoxide radical, while the SHD samples had stronger reducing power compared with other samples. The SHD samples could be effective against H2O2-induced injury on L02 cells by the promoting of T-AOC, GSH-PX, SOD and CAT activities and the reducing of MDA content compared with other samples. Furthermore, SPF samples, especially the SHD sample, could evidently ameliorate inflammation through the inhibition of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α expression. All the studied SPF samples exhibited evidently inhibitory effects on the four enzymes. The IC50 values of inhibitory activity on α-glucosidase and α-amylase from SHD sample were 2.516 ± 0.024 and 0.734 ± 0.034 mg/mL, respectively. SD samples had potential inhibitory effects on cholinesterases and tyrosinase with IC50 values of 3.443 ± 0.060 and 1.732 ± 0.058 mg/mL. In consideration of active compound contents and biological activities, it was recommended that SHD and SD be applied for drying SPF at an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (W.X.); (J.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Jiameng Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (W.X.); (J.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Yanfang Wu
- College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China;
| | - Zichen Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (W.X.); (J.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Xinsheng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (W.X.); (J.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Junying Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (W.X.); (J.Z.); (Z.Z.)
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Selahvarzi A, Ramezan Y, Sanjabi MR, Namdar B, Akbarmivehie M, Mirsaeedghazi H, Azarikia F. Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from pomegranate and orange peels and their antioxidant activity in a functional drink. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Optimizing Procedures of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Waste Orange Peels by Response Surface Methodology. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27072268. [PMID: 35408666 PMCID: PMC9000381 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The simultaneous effects of three continuous factors: solvent concentration (50−100%), treated times (25−85 min), treated temperatures (25−55 °C), and two categorical factors: type of solvents (methanol or ethanol) and ultrasonic frequency (28 kHz or 40 kHz) on ultrasonic-assisted extraction yield from waste orange peels were evaluated and optimized by response surface methodology. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy with a wavelength of 500 cm−1 to 4000 cm−1 was employed to rapidly identify the orange extracts. The significant polynomial regression models on crude extraction, sediments after evaporation, and precipitation yield were established (p < 0.05). Results revealed that solvent concentration affected crude extraction and precipitation yield linearly (p < 0.01). The optimal and practical ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions for increasing the precipitation yield were using 61.42% methanol with 85 min at 55 °C under 40 kHz ultrasonic frequency. The spectra of extracts showed a similar fingerprint of hesperidin.
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Characterization of the physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity, and antiproliferative activity of natural melanin from S. reiliana. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2110. [PMID: 35136095 PMCID: PMC8825793 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05676-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the physicochemical properties and stability of L-25 melanin extracted from Sporisorium reilianum (S. reiliana). The results showed that the maximum absorption wavelength of melanin was 215 nm. Reducing agents, heat, light, microwaving, oxidants, and common food additives did not affect the melanin. Additionally, it has a good metal stability except Mn2+. The IR spectra revealed the presence of O–H, N–H, C=O, and C=C bonds as well as carboxyl, alcohol hydroxyl, and phenolic hydroxyl groups and a pyran ring. L-25 melanin could be defined as DL-hydroxy phenylalanine (DOPA)-melanin. The antioxidant and antiproliferative were also measured. The melanin has a specific stability and high antioxidant activity, including a strong DPPH free radical scavenging ability, and protected damaged HepG2 cells by reducing reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and lactate dehydrogenase content. In conclusion, S. reilianum represents a novel source of melanin, that could be applied to health food or food additives. Our results show that melanin from S. reilianum is a natural pigment with good stability that has a great prospect of development and application, providing a theoretical basis and methods for its further processing and development as a functional food.
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Lee S, Kim M, Hong S, Kim EJ, Kim JH, Sohn Y, Jung HS. Effects of Sparganii Rhizoma on Osteoclast Formation and Osteoblast Differentiation and on an OVX-Induced Bone Loss Model. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:797892. [PMID: 35058781 PMCID: PMC8764242 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.797892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis is caused by an imbalance between osteoclasts and osteoblasts and causes severe bone loss. Osteoporotic medicines are classified into bone resorption inhibitors and bone formation promoters according to the mechanism of action. Long-term use of bisphosphonate and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) can cause severe side effects in postmenopausal osteoporosis patients. Therefore, it is important to find alternative natural products that reduce osteoclast activity and increase osteoblast formation. Sparganii Rhizoma (SR) is the dried tuberous rhizome of Sparganium stoloniferum Buchanan-Hamilton and is called “samreung” in Korea. However, to date, the effect of SR on osteoclast differentiation and the ovariectomized (OVX)-induced bone loss model has not been reported. In vitro, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, western blots, RT-PCR and other methods were used to examine the effect of SR on osteoclast differentiation and osteoblasts. In vivo, we confirmed the effect of SR in a model of OVX-induced postmenopausal osteoporosis. SR inhibited osteoclast differentiation and decreased the expression of TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFATc1) and c-Fos pathway. In addition, SR stimulates osteoblast differentiation and increased protein expression of the bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2)/SMAD signaling pathway. Moreover, SR protected against bone loss in OVX-induced rats. Our results appear to advance our knowledge of SR and successfully demonstrate its potential role as a osteoclastogenesis-inhibiting and osteogenesis-promoting herbal medicine for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungyub Lee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Minsun Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sooyeon Hong
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eom Ji Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youngjoo Sohn
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyuk-Sang Jung
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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Kong Y, Zhang Z, Peng Y. Multi-objective optimization of ultrasonic algae removal technology by using response surface method and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 230:113151. [PMID: 34990992 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasonic technology is an environment-friendly method in algae-laden water treatment with the advantages of wonderful efficiency and no chemical additions. However, ultrasonic technology is costly and can lead to the release of algae organic matter (AOM). Few studies considered algae removal efficiency, water safety, and economy. In this study, a Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Elitist Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) integrated method was used to investigate the influence of ultrasound parameters on algal removal efficiency band AOM release and conduct the multi-objective optimization of ultrasonic technology for satisfactory algal removal, environment protection, and improved economy. The maximum algae removal rate (ρ), minimal energy consumption, and minimal UV254 value of algal solution were calculated. Quadratic polynomial models were obtained to illustrate the relationship between ultrasonic parameters and the responses. Ultrasonic frequency was the most important factor affecting algal removal efficiency, and high frequency was beneficial for algal removal because of its contribution to the break of air bubbles. High power density significantly increased the UV254 value, and the concentration of soluble microbial metabolites and humic acid-like substances significantly increased after ultrasound. The optimization solutions calculated by NSGA-II showed low deviation from single-objective optimization solution by RSM, demonstrating that the multi-objective optimization results were reliable. This study presents a novel RSM and NSGA-II combined method in optimizing ultrasonic technology for effective, safe, and economic algal removal. The optimization results can provide references for ultrasonic parameters to be selected in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Kong
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China.
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Yazhou Peng
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China.
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Gam DH, Park JH, Hong JW, Jeon SJ, Kim JH, Kim JW. Effects of Sargassum thunbergii Extract on Skin Whitening and Anti-Wrinkling through Inhibition of TRP-1 and MMPs. Molecules 2021; 26:7381. [PMID: 34885963 PMCID: PMC8658809 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sargassum thunbergii has been traditionally used as an edible and medicinal material in oriental countries. However, the skin-whitening and anti-wrinkling effects of S. thunbergii have not yet been investigated. This study was conducted to establish optimal extraction conditions for the production of bioactive compounds with antioxidant activity as well as skin-whitening and anti-wrinkle effects using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) in S. thunbergii. The extraction time (5.30~18.7 min), extraction temperature (22.4~79.6 °C), and ethanol concentration (0.0~99.5%), which are the main variables of the UAE, were optimized using a central composite design. Quadratic regression equations were derived based on experimental data and showed a high coefficient of determination (R2 > 0.85), demonstrating suitability for prediction. The optimal UAE condition for maximizing all dependent variables, including radical scavenging activity (RSA), tyrosinase inhibitory activity (TIA), and collagenase inhibitory activity (CIA), was identified as an extraction time of 12.0 min, an extraction temperature of 65.2 °C, and ethanol of 53.5%. Under these conditions, the RSA, TIA, and CIA of S. thunbergii extract were 86.5%, 88.3%, and 91.4%, respectively. We also confirmed S. thunbergii extract had inhibitory effects on the mRNA expression of tyrosinase-related protein-1, matrix metalloproteinase-1, and matrix metalloproteinase-9, which are the main genes of melanin synthesis and collagen hydrolysis. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to identify the main phenolic compounds in S. thunbergii extract, and caffeic acid was identified as a major peak, demonstrating that high value-added ingredients with skin-whitening and anti-wrinkling effects can be produced from S. thunbergii and used for developing cosmetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Hye Gam
- Department of Food Science, Sun Moon University, Natural Science 118, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si 336-708, Chungnam, Korea; (D.-H.G.); (J.-H.P.); (J.-W.H.); (S.-J.J.); (J.-H.K.)
| | - Jae-Hyun Park
- Department of Food Science, Sun Moon University, Natural Science 118, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si 336-708, Chungnam, Korea; (D.-H.G.); (J.-H.P.); (J.-W.H.); (S.-J.J.); (J.-H.K.)
| | - Ji-Woo Hong
- Department of Food Science, Sun Moon University, Natural Science 118, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si 336-708, Chungnam, Korea; (D.-H.G.); (J.-H.P.); (J.-W.H.); (S.-J.J.); (J.-H.K.)
| | - Seong-Jin Jeon
- Department of Food Science, Sun Moon University, Natural Science 118, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si 336-708, Chungnam, Korea; (D.-H.G.); (J.-H.P.); (J.-W.H.); (S.-J.J.); (J.-H.K.)
| | - Jun-Hee Kim
- Department of Food Science, Sun Moon University, Natural Science 118, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si 336-708, Chungnam, Korea; (D.-H.G.); (J.-H.P.); (J.-W.H.); (S.-J.J.); (J.-H.K.)
| | - Jin-Woo Kim
- Department of Food Science, Sun Moon University, Natural Science 118, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si 336-708, Chungnam, Korea; (D.-H.G.); (J.-H.P.); (J.-W.H.); (S.-J.J.); (J.-H.K.)
- FlexPro Biotechnology, Natural Science 128, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si 336-708, Chungnam, Korea
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Wu Y, Chu Y, Yang Q, Li M, Yu M, Deng R, Liu K, Wang X, Fan E. Response surface methodology optimised solvothermal system enables an efficient extraction of echinacoside and oleuropein from Syringa pubescens Turcz. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2021; 32:1074-1081. [PMID: 33837595 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Syringa pubescens Turcz. was reported to be abundant in the Funiu Mountains of Henan Province and can be used to treat hepatitis and cirrhosis. In order to develop and utilise the resource, a fast and simple technique to extract bioactive compounds is needed. OBJECTIVES Our aims were to provide an extraction technique of glycosides from S. pubescens and study the antioxidant activity of this material. METHODS Box-Behnken design (BBD) was employed with three factors at three levels. The process parameters such as ethanol concentration (X1 ), temperature (X2 ), and solvent-solid ratio (X3 ) could significantly influence efficiency and yield of target compounds. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the content of glycosides. DPPH (α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) and reducing power were used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of S. pubescens extract. RESULTS The optimal parameters for the maximal extraction yield were obtained with ethanol concentration of 68%, temperature of 89°C, solvent-solid ratio of 46 mL/g, and time of 20 min. The S. pubescens extract showed strong antioxidant properties in vitro. CONCLUSION The findings indicated the potential application of solvothermal extraction method to extract bioactive compounds from S. pubescens Turcz. Furthermore, the S. pubescens extract could be used as an important resource of antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yindi Chu
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing, China
| | - Qinyu Yang
- Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical School, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Mengjia Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical School, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Ruixue Deng
- Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical School, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical School, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xinsheng Wang
- Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical School, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Enguo Fan
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing, China
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Xu N, Sun R, Shi YP, Han LW, Shi HY. Discovery and identification of quality markers of Sparganii Rhizoma based on zebrafish thrombosis model. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2021; 13:389-395. [PMID: 36118923 PMCID: PMC9476790 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2021.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of the present study was to determine the quality marker (Q-Markers) of Sparganii Rhizoma against thrombus through an integration of investigations on its antithrombotic effect, content determination and spectrum-effect correlation analysis. Methods Based on the concept of Q-Marker, Sparganii Rhizoma was investigated for the identification of chemical component. The pharmacological effects on arachidonic acid-induced thrombosis in zebrafish were also investigated. The material basis in ethanol extract was determined by HPLC-UV. Furthermore, the potential Q-Markers were analyzed and predicted according to the effect-chemical correlation analysis. Finally, the anti-thrombotic Q-Markers were verified through the anti-thrombotic test of monomer components. Results The model of thrombosis zebrafish was established with larvae exposed to 100 µmol/L arachidonic acid for 1 h. Nine ingredients in Sparganii Rhizoma were identified as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, vanillic acid, ferulic acid, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillin, protocatechuic acid, p-coumaric acid and isoferulic acid. According to the determination effect of zebrafish thrombosis model and HPLC content analysis results, all the other contents present positive correlation except 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, and the P values of three representative potential Q-Markers (ferulic acid, protocatechuic acid and p-coumaric acid) were 0.002, 0.001 and 0.026, respectively. Conclusion Sparganii Rhizoma showed a dose-dependent effect on the recovery of reducing cardiac red blood cell on zebrafish model. Three phenolic acids (ferulic acid, protocatechuic acid and p-coumaric acid) were proved to possess the anti-thrombotic effects which could be regarded as the potential Q-Markers for quality assessment of Sparganii Rhizoma.
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Kanuka bush leaves for Alzheimer’s disease: Improved inhibition of β-secretase enzyme, antioxidant capacity and yield of extracts by ultrasound assisted extraction. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2021.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Shelf Life Extension of Chilled Pork by Optimal Ultrasonicated Ceylon Spinach ( Basella alba) Extracts: Physicochemical and Microbial Properties. Foods 2021; 10:foods10061241. [PMID: 34072425 PMCID: PMC8227812 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of ultrasonication on the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of Ceylon spinach (Basella alba) extracts (CE) and the shelf life of chilled pork with CE were studied. The CE were ultrasonicated at different power levels (60–100%) for 10–40 min in an ultrasonic bath with the rise of antioxidant activities (p ≤ 0.05) proportional to the ultrasonication time. The additional investigation of antibacterial activities showed that the ultrasonicated extracts (100 mg/mL) could inhibit and inactivate Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli with the optimal condition of 80% power for 40 min. For shelf life testing, fresh pork treated with the ultrasonicated extracts at 100 and 120 mg/mL had lower values of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) than the control (without dipping). For food safety as measured by the total microbial count, the fresh pork dipped with 100–120 mg/mL CE extract could be kept at 0 °C for 7 days, 2 to 3 days longer than control meat at 0 and 4 °C, respectively. A sensory evaluation using a nine-point hedonic scale showed that fresh pork dipped with 100-mg/mL CE extracts was accepted by consumers. It is suggested that CE extracts can be applied in the food industry to enhance the quality and extend the shelf life of meat products.
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A short time bioactive compounds extraction from Cucurbita pepo seed using continuous ultrasound‐assisted extraction. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-00810-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Jia J, Li X, Ren X, Liu X, Wang Y, Dong Y, Wang X, Sun S, Xu X, Li X, Song R, Ma J, Yu A, Fan Q, Wei J, Yan X, Wang X, She G. Sparganii Rhizoma: A review of traditional clinical application, processing, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 268:113571. [PMID: 33181282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sparganii Rhizoma (SR), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is the rhizome of Sparganium stoloniferum Buch.-Ham. mainly distributed in East Asia. It has been used for eliminating blood stasis, promoting the flow of Qi, removing the retention of undigested food and relieving pain in China for hundreds of years. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review summarizes comprehensive information in traditional clinical application, processing, phytochemistry, pharmacology, quality control and toxicity of SR, in exploring future scientific and therapeutic potentials. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pertinent information was systematically collected from several electronic scientific databases (e.g., Web of Science, PubMed, China Knowledge Resource Integrated, Springer, Elsevier, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar), PhD and MS dissertations, and classic Chinese medical books. RESULTS SR is a gynecological drug which is often used to treat dysmenorrhea, mass in the abdomen, amenorrhea due to blood stasis, and abdominal distension in TCM. Two kinds of processed products of SR are included in Chinese Pharmacopoeia, which have better pharmacological effects than the crude herb. Approximately 180 compounds have been identified from SR, including phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, anthraquinones, organic acids, alkaloids, steroids, volatile oils, diarylheptanes, etc. The crude extracts and isolated components of SR have been reported to have anti-tumor, antithrombotic, estrogen antagonistic , anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, anti organ fibrosis and other pharmacological activities. SR also has reproductive toxicity. CONCLUSIONS As an important TCM, SR has been demonstrated by modern pharmacological researches to have significant bioactivities, especially on anti-tumor, antithrombotic, and estrogen antagonistic activities. These activities provide prospects for the development of new drugs and therapeutics for future applications. Nevertheless, quality control and evaluation, in-depth pharmacological mechanism, and toxicological effect of SR require further detailed research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Jia
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Xueyang Ren
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Ying Dong
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Siqi Sun
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Xiao Xu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Xiao Li
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Ruolan Song
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Jiamu Ma
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Axiang Yu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Qiqi Fan
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Jing Wei
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Xin Yan
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Xiuhuan Wang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Gaimei She
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
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15
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In Vitro and In Vivo Antioxidative Activity against Radiation-Induced Damage and the Systematic Chemical Components of Different Extracts of Lagotis brevituba Maxim. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2020:9726431. [PMID: 33381219 PMCID: PMC7758126 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9726431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Lagotis brevituba Maxim is a perennial species distributed in the highlands of China, which has been used for more than 2000 years as a traditional Tibetan medicinal plant. However, no attention has been paid to the antioxidant activities of Lagotis brevituba Maxim in vitro or in vivo. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity of Lagotis brevituba Maxim against radiation-induced damage as well as the systematic chemical components. To explore the relationship between the antioxidant activity and extraction solvent, Lagotis brevituba Maxim was extracted with three different solvents: methanol, water, and acetone. In antioxidant assays in vitro, the water extract had the strongest reducing power, 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity compared with the methanol and acetone extracts. However, the methanol extract was more potent in the β-carotene/linoleic acid cooxidation assay. In antioxidant assays in vivo, mice that were exposed to 6.0 Gy60Co γ-ray whole-body radiation on day 15 after administration of Lagotis brevituba Maxim decreased their level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in a dose-dependent manner compared with the control group, indicating that Lagotis brevituba Maxim had favorable antioxidant activities in vivo. In addition, a total of 44 compounds were tentatively identified by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS), including 19 flavonoids, 14 phenols, 8 phenylethanoid glycosides, 2 iridoid glycosides, and 1 carbohydrate. We obtained 25 compounds from plants in the genus Lagotis for the first time. These results suggested that Lagotis brevituba Maxim had potent antioxidant activity and could be explored as a novel natural antioxidant.
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Aourabi S, Sfaira M, Mahjoubi F. Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Polyphenol Content from Zea mays Hairs (Waste). ScientificWorldJournal 2020; 2020:5072938. [PMID: 33424488 PMCID: PMC7773473 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5072938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to achieve the best extraction efficiency of the hydroethanolic extract of Zea mays hairs. The impacts of ethanol concentration, extraction time, and solvent /material ratio were studied in relation to the performance of Zea mays extracts by ultrasonic extraction at 50 kHz and room temperature. All extracts were quantitatively characterized in terms of polyphenol content. Response surface methodology (RSM) was carried out to optimize the extraction process and increase extraction efficiency. In the experiments, different concentrations of ethanol:water were used. The efficiency of the extraction process was determined from an analysis of variance (ANOVA). The maximum extraction efficiency of the hydroethanolic extraction (31.37%) and the quantitative value of the polyphenol content (257.87 mg EAG/g extract) were obtained using a treatment time of 40 min, an ethanol:water (70 : 30), and a solvent/material ratio (11 mL/g). The results obtained indicate that ultrasonic-assisted extraction is an effective method for extracting natural compounds from Zea mays, thus allowing the full use of this abundant and inexpensive industrial waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarra Aourabi
- Laboratory of Engineering, Modeling and Systems Analysis (LIMAS), University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah (USMBA), Faculty of Sciences, PO Box 1796-30000, Fez-Atlas, Morocco
| | - Mouhcine Sfaira
- Laboratory of Engineering, Modeling and Systems Analysis (LIMAS), University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah (USMBA), Faculty of Sciences, PO Box 1796-30000, Fez-Atlas, Morocco
| | - Fatima Mahjoubi
- Laboratory of Engineering, Modeling and Systems Analysis (LIMAS), University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah (USMBA), Faculty of Sciences, PO Box 1796-30000, Fez-Atlas, Morocco
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17
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Oh JJ, Kim JY, Kwon SL, Hwang DH, Choi YE, Kim GH. Production and characterization of melanin pigments derived from Amorphotheca resinae. J Microbiol 2020; 58:648-656. [PMID: 32424578 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-020-0054-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
As melanin has emerged as functional pigment with cosmetic, health and food applications, the demand for the pigments is expected to increase. However, the conventional sources (e.g. mushroom, hair, and wool) of melanin production entail pigments inside the substrates which requires the costly extraction procedures, leading to inappropriate scalable production. In this study, we screened 102 of fungal isolates for their ability to produce melanin in the supernatant and selected the only Amorphotheca resinae as a promising candidate. In the peptone yeast extract glucose broth, A. resinae produced the melanin rapidly during the autolysis phase of growth, reaching up 4.5 g/L within 14 days. Structural characterization of the purified melanin from A. resinae was carried out by using elemental analysis, electron paramagnetic resonance, 13C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in comparison with the standard melanins. The results indicate that the structural properties of A. resinae melanin is similar to the eumelanin which has a wide range of industrial uses. For example, the purified melanin from A. resinae has the potent antioxidant activities as a result of free radical scavenging assays. Consequently, A. resinae KUC3009 can be a promising candidate for scalable production of industrially applicable melanin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Joo Oh
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Young Kim
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Lul Kwon
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyeok Hwang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-E Choi
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu-Hyeok Kim
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Flavonoids from Celastrus hindsii Leaves Using Response Surface Methodology and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant and Antitumor Activities. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:3497107. [PMID: 32337241 PMCID: PMC7155760 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3497107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Celastrus hindsii is a potential source of flavonoids with biological activities. This study aimed to develop an ultrasound-assisted technique for extracting flavonoids from leaves of C. hindsii. Response surface methodology was employed to optimize the extraction conditions for maximizing the total flavonoid content (TFC). A maximum TFC of 23.6 mg QE/g was obtained under the extraction conditions of ultrasonic power of 130 W, extraction temperature of 40°C, extraction time of 29 min, and ethanol concentration of 65%. The flavonoid-rich extracts were then studied for their antioxidant and anticancer activities. The results showed that the C. hindsii leaf extract exhibited potent radical scavenging activities against DPPH (IC50 of 164.85 μg/mL) and ABTS (IC50 of 89.05 μg/mL). The extract also significantly inhibited the growth of 3 cancer cell lines MCF7, A549, and HeLa with the IC50 values of 88.1 μg/mL, 120.4 μg/mL, and 118.4 μg/mL, respectively. Notably, the extract had no cytotoxicity effect on HK2 normal kidney cell line. This study suggests that flavonoid-rich extract is a promising antioxidant and anticancer agent and that ultrasound-assisted extraction is an efficient method for extracting flavonoids from C. hindsii leaves.
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19
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Dai CY, Liao PR, Zhao MZ, Gong C, Dang Y, Qu Y, Qiu LS. Optimization of Ultrasonic Flavonoid Extraction from Saussurea involucrate, and the Ability of Flavonoids to Block Melanin Deposition in Human Melanocytes. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25020313. [PMID: 31941038 PMCID: PMC7024147 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Flavonoids are the primary medicinal ingredient of Saussurea involucrate, which have significant antioxidant capacity. Optimizing the extraction of Saussurea involucrate flavonoids (SIFs) and exploring the ability to block melanin deposition caused by reactive oxygen can greatly promote the development of S. involucrate whitening products. (2) Methods: Ultrasonic extraction process was optimized using the Box-Behnken design (BBD) and response surface methodology (RSM). Then, the effect of SIFs on antioxidant activity and anti-deposition of melanin, and genes related to the melanin synthesis are studied. (3) Results: The optimal extraction procedures are as follows: the extraction time, ethanol content, and solvent ratio (v/w) are 64 min, 54%, and 54:1, respectively. The reducing activity and scavenging rates of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, and ABTS+ were promoted as more S. involucrate flavonoid extract was added. The SIFs extract induced a decrease in the melanin synthesis by inhibiting the human melanoma A375 cell tyrosinase activity. SIFs also depress expression of melanin synthesis related genes. (4) Conclusions: the highest SIFs content was obtained by using 54% ethanol and 54:1 solvent ratio (v/w) for 64 min. The extract of SIFs exhibited good ability of antioxidant and anti-deposition of melanin in human melanocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yan Dai
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (C.-Y.D.); (P.-R.L.); (M.-Z.Z.); (C.G.); (Y.D.)
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng, Kunming 650500, China
- Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
- Kunming University of Science and Technology, Analysis and Testing Center, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Pei-Ran Liao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (C.-Y.D.); (P.-R.L.); (M.-Z.Z.); (C.G.); (Y.D.)
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng, Kunming 650500, China
- Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
- Kunming University of Science and Technology, Analysis and Testing Center, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ming-Zhuo Zhao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (C.-Y.D.); (P.-R.L.); (M.-Z.Z.); (C.G.); (Y.D.)
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng, Kunming 650500, China
- Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
- Kunming University of Science and Technology, Analysis and Testing Center, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Chao Gong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (C.-Y.D.); (P.-R.L.); (M.-Z.Z.); (C.G.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yue Dang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (C.-Y.D.); (P.-R.L.); (M.-Z.Z.); (C.G.); (Y.D.)
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng, Kunming 650500, China
- Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
- Kunming University of Science and Technology, Analysis and Testing Center, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yuan Qu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (C.-Y.D.); (P.-R.L.); (M.-Z.Z.); (C.G.); (Y.D.)
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng, Kunming 650500, China
- Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
- Kunming University of Science and Technology, Analysis and Testing Center, Kunming 650500, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Q.); (L.-S.Q.); Tel.: +86-136-6970-6827 (Y.Q.); +86-136-7872-4800 (L.-S.Q.)
| | - Li-Sha Qiu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (C.-Y.D.); (P.-R.L.); (M.-Z.Z.); (C.G.); (Y.D.)
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng, Kunming 650500, China
- Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
- Kunming University of Science and Technology, Analysis and Testing Center, Kunming 650500, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Q.); (L.-S.Q.); Tel.: +86-136-6970-6827 (Y.Q.); +86-136-7872-4800 (L.-S.Q.)
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Liu X, Hou R, Wang D, Mai M, Wu X, Zheng M, Fu J. Comprehensive utilization of edible mushroom Auricularia auricula waste residue-Extraction, physicochemical properties of melanin and its antioxidant activity. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:3774-3783. [PMID: 31763027 PMCID: PMC6848827 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to promote the comprehensive utilization of the Auricularia auricula waste residue, the extraction process and the physicochemical properties of melanin from A. auricula waste residue were studied. Furthermore, the chemical antioxidant activity of waste residue melanin and its protective effect on cell oxidative injury induced by H2O2 were investigated. The results indicated that the ultrasonic-assisted extraction process could be used to extract the melanin from A. auricula waste residue. Melanin had a good solubility in alkali solution and exhibited a certain stability to thermal. There was no significant difference between A. auricula melanin control group and waste residue melanin on ABTS, DPPH, and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. Waste residue melanin significantly inhibited the cell death caused by H2O2, and the cell viability was restored to 98.09 ± 5.97% when the melanin concentration was 1.6 mg/ml. Cell morphology observation confirmed that the melanin ameliorated the morphological changes of cells induced by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- College of Food SciencesFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Ruolin Hou
- College of Food SciencesFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Danting Wang
- College of Life SciencesFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Mengxian Mai
- College of Life SciencesFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Xiaoping Wu
- Mycological Research CenterCollege of Life SciencesFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Mingfeng Zheng
- College of Food SciencesFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Junsheng Fu
- College of Life SciencesFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
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21
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Zhang L, Jiang Y, Pang X, Hua P, Gao X, Li Q, Li Z. Simultaneous Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction for Flavonoids and Antioxidant Activity of Angelica keiskei Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Molecules 2019; 24:E3461. [PMID: 31554203 PMCID: PMC6804174 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Angelica keiskei Koidzumi (A. keiskei), as a Japanese edible herbal plant, enjoys a variety of biological activities due to the presence of numerous active compounds, especially flavonoids. This study aims for the optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) for flavonoids in A. keiskei and their antioxidant activity by using the response surface methodology (RSM). Single-factor experiments and a four-factor three-level Box-Behnken design (BBD) were performed to explore the effects of the following parameters on flavonoid extraction and antioxidant activity evaluation: ultrasonic temperature (X1), ultrasonic time (X2), ethanol concentration (X3) and liquid-solid ratio (X4). The optimum conditions of the combination of total flavonoid content (TFC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity (DPPH-RSC) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were as follows: X1 = 80 °C, X2 = 4 min, X3 = 78%, X4 = 35 mL/g, respectively. The experimental results provide a theoretical basis for the extensive utilization of A. keiskei and flavonoids extraction from A. keiskei as a potential source of antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
- Institute of Angelica keiskei Health Industry Technology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Yuhuan Jiang
- Institute of Angelica keiskei Health Industry Technology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
- Institute of Advanced Cross-Field Science, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Xuening Pang
- Institute of Angelica keiskei Health Industry Technology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
- Institute of Advanced Cross-Field Science, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Puyue Hua
- Institute of Angelica keiskei Health Industry Technology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
- Institute of Advanced Cross-Field Science, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Xiang Gao
- Institute of Angelica keiskei Health Industry Technology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
- Institute of Advanced Cross-Field Science, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Qun Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
- Institute of Angelica keiskei Health Industry Technology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Zichao Li
- Institute of Angelica keiskei Health Industry Technology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
- Institute of Advanced Cross-Field Science, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
- Qingdao Balanson Biotech Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266071, China.
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22
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Niu Q, Gao Y, Liu P. Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction, antioxidant capacity, and characterization of total flavonoids from the leaves of Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 50:82-90. [PMID: 31545661 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2019.1663535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
To optimize the extraction of total flavonoids (TFL) from the leaves of Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. using microwave-assisted method, a orthogonal test was used. The optimal extraction conditions for TFL were determined as follows: ethanol concentration of 50%, solid-liquid ratio of 1:20, temperature of 70 °C, and cycle index of 3. Under these conditions, the extraction yield of TFL was 28.24%. The scavenging rate of TFL against a,a-diphenyl-b-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzoth- iazoline-6-sulphonica cid) (ABTS), and superoxide anion radical (O2-·) was screened. The results showed that the bioactivity of extracts appeared to be TFL dose-dependent, while it also presented stronger ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The contents of chrysin and tectochrysin in TFL were quantitatively analyzed by HPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Niu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan, PR China
| | - Yumei Gao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan, PR China
| | - Pinghuai Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan, PR China
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Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant and Analgesic Activities of Incarvillea compacta Maxim from the Tibetan Plateau. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24091692. [PMID: 31052248 PMCID: PMC6539126 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Incarvillea compacta Maxim is a traditional Tibetan plant widely used to treat rheumatic pain and bruises. We conducted qualitative analyses by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and quantitative analyses of the total phenols, flavonoids, and alkaloids content of different extracts of I. compacta Maxim. Antioxidant and analgesic activity were analyzed. The results showed that the methanol extract had the highest content of the various ingredients. A total of 25 constituents were identified, of which compounds 1–23 were found for the first time in this plant. The water extract had the highest capacity to clear free radicals in the antioxidant test. The water extract had dose-dependent analgesic effects in the first and second phase in a formalin test. The latency of pain from a hot-plate test was augmented by the water extract when the dose was greater than or equal to 30 g/kg. The water extract significantly decreased the amount of writhing in a dose-dependent manner compared with the control group in the acetic acid-induced writhing test. These results showed that I. compacta Maxim is a new antioxidant and analgesic agent, and this study provides information on its ingredients for further study.
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Characterization of the physicochemical properties and extraction optimization of natural melanin from Inonotus hispidus mushroom. Food Chem 2019; 277:533-542. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Active Components, Antioxidant, Inhibition on Metabolic Syndrome Related Enzymes, and Monthly Variations in Mature Leaf Hawk Tea. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 24:molecules24040657. [PMID: 30781736 PMCID: PMC6413118 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24040657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hawk tea is a rich and edible resource, traditionally used as a beverage in South China. This drink has many pharmacologic effects, such as acting as an antioxidant and reducing blood sugar and lipids. The objective of this work was to explore the active compound contents, bioactivities and their monthly changes, and optimize the harvest time. In the present study, Hawk tea from each month in 2017 was collected and extracted with 70% (v/v) ethanol. The contents of the total flavonoids and total phenols were determined using the colorimetric method. We determined the contents of seven characteristic active substances—hyperin, isoquercitrin, trifolin, quercitrin, astragalin, quercetin, and kaempferol—using high-performance liquid chromatography. The crude extract was tested for its antioxidant and inhibitory properties on enzymes involved in metabolic syndrome. Specifically, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid), ferric-reducing power assay, and the inhibition capacity test on α-glucosidase and lipase were conducted to determine the antioxidant effect in vitro, as well as the reduction of blood sugar and lipids. Monthly variations in activities and components were determined by numeric analysis and comparison. Correlation analysis revealed that antioxidant effects are significantly correlated with the total flavonoids. The hierarchical cluster analysis of bioactivities and their contents indicates that October and November are the best harvesting months, which differs with the habitual collection of Hawk tea.
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Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Flavonoids from Olive ( Olea europaea) Leaves, and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102513. [PMID: 30274358 PMCID: PMC6222376 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Olea europaea leaves are the major byproduct of olive farming. In this study, ultrasound-assisted extraction of flavonoids from olive leaves was optimized using response surface methodology, and the flavonoid compounds and their antioxidant and anticancer activities were investigated by high performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that the optimized conditions for achieving the maximum yield of flavonoids (74.95 mg RE/g dm) were 50 °C temperature, 270 W power, 50 min time, and 41 mL/g liquid-solid ratio. There was a significant difference in the total flavonoid content between the aged and young leaves harvested in April and July, and six main components were quantified. Among them, luteolin-4’-O-glucoside was the most predominant flavonoid compound, followed by apigenin-7-O-glucoside and rutin. Olive leaves also contained small amounts of luteolin, apigenin, and quercetin. Additionally, excellent antioxidant activity was exhibited when tested with the DPPH assay; superoxide radical-scavenging ability and reducing power was also tested. The anticancer activity of the flavonoids was assessed using HeLa cervical cancer cells, and it was observed that increasing concentrations of olive leaf flavonoids resulted in decreased cancer cell viability. These results suggest that the flavonoids from olive leaves could be used as a potential source of natural antioxidants for the pharmaceutical and food industries.
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Hu Y, Cui X, Zhang Z, Chen L, Zhang Y, Wang C, Yang X, Qu Y, Xiong Y. Optimisation of Ethanol-Reflux Extraction of Saponins from Steamed Panax notoginseng by Response Surface Methodology and Evaluation of Hematopoiesis Effect. Molecules 2018; 23:E1206. [PMID: 29772847 PMCID: PMC6099958 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to optimize the ethanol-reflux extraction conditions for extracting saponins from steamed Panax notoginseng (SPN). Four variables including the extraction time (0.5⁻2.5 h), ethanol concentration (50⁻90%), water to solid ratio (W/S, 8⁻16), and times of extraction (1⁻5) were investigated by using the Box-Behnken design response surface methodology (BBD-RSM). For each response, a second-order polynomial model with high R² values (>0.9690) was developed using multiple linear regression analysis and the optimum conditions to maximize the yield (31.96%), content (70.49 mg/g), and antioxidant activity (EC50 value of 0.0421 mg/mL) for saponins extracted from SPN were obtained with a extraction time of 1.51 h, ethanol concentration of 60%, extraction done 3 times, and a W/S of 10. The experimental values were in good consistency with the predicted ones. In addition, the extracted SPN saponins could significantly increase the levels of blood routine parameters compared with the model group (p < 0.01) and there was no significant difference in the hematopoiesis effect between the SPN group and the SPN saponins group, of which the dose was 15 times lower than the former one. It is suggested that the SPN saponins extracted by the optimized method had similar functions of "blood tonifying" at a much lower dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupiao Hu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Xiuming Cui
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
- Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax notoginseng Resources, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Zejun Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Chengxiao Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Yuan Qu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Yin Xiong
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
- Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax notoginseng Resources, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
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Wang X, Wu Y, Wu C, Wu Q, Niu Q. Trace Elements Characteristic Based on ICP-AES and the Correlation of Flavonoids from Sparganii rhizoma. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 182:381-386. [PMID: 28702873 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1090-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to investigate the trace elements and the correlation with flavonoids from Sparganii rhizoma. The ICP-AES and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy were employed to analyze trace elements and flavonoids. The concentrations of trace elements and flavonoids were calculated using standard curve. The content of flavonoids was expressed as rutin equivalents. The cluster analysis was applied to evaluate geographical features of S. rhizoma from different geographical regions. The correlation analysis was used to obtain the relationship between the trace elements and flavonoids. The results indicated that the 15 trace elements were measured and the K, Ca, Mg, Na, Mn, Al, Cu, and Zn are rich in Sparganii rhizome. The different producing regions samples were classified into four groups. There was a weak relationship between trace elements and flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinsheng Wang
- Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy School, Henan University of Science and Technology, 471023, Luoyang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanfang Wu
- Pharmaceutical School, Xinxiang Medical University, 451003, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengying Wu
- Pharmaceutical School, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 210023, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinan Wu
- Pharmaceutical School, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 210023, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qingshan Niu
- Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy School, Henan University of Science and Technology, 471023, Luoyang, People's Republic of China
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Belwal T, Ezzat SM, Rastrelli L, Bhatt ID, Daglia M, Baldi A, Devkota HP, Orhan IE, Patra JK, Das G, Anandharamakrishnan C, Gomez-Gomez L, Nabavi SF, Nabavi SM, Atanasov AG. A critical analysis of extraction techniques used for botanicals: Trends, priorities, industrial uses and optimization strategies. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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30
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The role of curcumae rhizoma-sparganii rhizoma medicated serum in epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the triple negative breast cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 99:340-345. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.11.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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31
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Comparative chemical characters of Sparganii Rhizoma from different regions in China. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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32
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Wu Y, Wang X, Xue J, Fan E. Plant Phenolics Extraction from Flos Chrysanthemi: Response Surface Methodology Based Optimization and the Correlation Between Extracts and Free Radical Scavenging Activity. J Food Sci 2017; 82:2726-2733. [PMID: 29023721 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Huaiju is one of the most famous and widely used Flos Chrysanthemi (FC) for medicinal purposes in China. Although various investigations aimed at phenolics extraction from other FC have been reported, a thorough optimization of the phenolics extraction conditions from Huaiju has not been achieved. This work applied the widely used response surface methodology (RSM) to investigate the effects of 3 independent variables including ethanol concentration (%), extraction time (min), and solvent-to-material ratio (mL/g) on the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of phenolics from FC. The data suggested the optimal UAE condition was an ethanol concentration of 75.3% and extraction time of 43.5 min, whereas the ratio of solvent to material has no significant effect. When the free radical scavenging ability was used as an indicator for a successful extraction, a similar optimal extraction was achieved with an ethanol concentration of 72.8%, extraction time of 44.3 min, and the ratio of solvent to material was 29.5 mL/g. Furthermore, a moderate correlation between the antioxidant activity of TP extract and the content of extracted phenolic compounds was observed. Moreover, a well consistent of the experimental values under optimal conditions with those predicted values suggests RSM successfully optimized the UAE conditions for phenolics extraction from FC. PRACTICAL APPLICATION The work of the research investigated the plant phenolics in Flos Chrysanthemi and antioxidant capacities. These results of this study can support the development of antioxidant additive and relative food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Wu
- Pharmaceutical School, Xinxiang Medical Univ., Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Xinsheng Wang
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical School, Henan Univ. of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan, China
| | - Jintao Xue
- Pharmaceutical School, Xinxiang Medical Univ., Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Enguo Fan
- Pharmaceutical School, Xinxiang Medical Univ., Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China.,Dept. of Microbiology, Inst. of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
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Response Surface Optimized Infrared-Assisted Extraction and UHPLC Determination of Flavonoid Types from Flos Sophorae. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22061000. [PMID: 28617336 PMCID: PMC6152736 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22061000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-factor experiment and Box-Behnken design were applied to optimize the infrared-assisted extraction (IRAE) of rutin, quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin from Flos sophorae. Four factors (extract solvent, solid-liquid ration, extraction time, infrared power) affecting the extraction yield of flavonoids were studied. Under optimized conditions the extraction yield was 33.199 ± 0.24 mg/g, which substantially improved, compared with heating reflux extraction (HRE) and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), while extraction time was only 9 min. The eluents were rich in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azobis (2-methyl-propionamidine) dihydrochloride radical scavenging potential (IC50 of DPPH: 53.44 ± 0.01 μg/mL, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC): 3785.83 ± 52 μmol/g) than the extracts obtained by HRE and UAE. In addition, an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography method was optimized for the identification and quantification of the tested flavonoids, and the method was validated based on its correlation coefficient (r), reproducibility (RSD, n = 5), and recovery values, which were 0.9994–0.9998, 0.74–1.83%, and 97.78–102.94%, respectively. These results confirmed that high extraction yield of flavonoids results in stronger antioxidant values and response surface methodology optimization of IRAE is a promising alternative to traditional extraction techniques for flavonoids from medicinal plants.
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Selective estrogen receptor modulator: A novel polysaccharide from Sparganii Rhizoma induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 163:199-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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35
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Wu HB, Xiao DS. Regulation of trace elements and redox status in striatum of adult rats by long-term aerobic exercise depends on iron uptakes. Neurosci Lett 2017; 642:66-70. [PMID: 28163077 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of aerobic exercise (AE) on trace element contents and redox status in the striatum of rats with different diet iron. Weaned female rats were randomly fed with iron-adequate diet (IAD), iron-deficient diet (IDD), and iron-overloaded diet (IOD). After feeding their respective diet for 1 month, the rats fed with same diet were divided into swimming and maintaining sedentary (S) group. After 3 months, the non-heme iron (NHI), Mn, Cu, and Zn in the striatum were measured. Meanwhile, malonaldehyde acid (MDA), total superoxide dismutase activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, and total antioxidant capacity were also analyzed. As compared with respective S rats, Mn, Cu, and Zn contents were significantly decreased in IDDE, but no significantly changes could be seen in IADE or IODE. A negative correlation of NHI with Cu contents in IDDE and positive correlations of NHI with Cu, or Zn contents in IADE, or with Mn or Cu contents in IODE were observed. In addition, striatum MDA was significantly decreased and anti-oxidative variables were increased in IODE compared to IODS. Our results suggest that the modification of trace elements and redox status in the striatum of rats caused by AE depends on dietary iron contents and that AE may also regulate the metabolic relationship of iron storage with other trace elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Bo Wu
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - De-Sheng Xiao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
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36
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Neuroprotective Effects of Methyl 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoate against TBHP-Induced Oxidative Damage in SH-SY5Y Cells. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21081071. [PMID: 27556437 PMCID: PMC6274188 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21081071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the neuroprotective effects of methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (MDHB) against t-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) induced oxidative damage in SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cells) and the underlying mechanisms. SH-SY5Y were cultured in DMEM + 10% FBS for 24 h and pretreated with different concentrations of MDHB or N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) for 4 h prior to the addition of 40 μM TBHP for 24 h. Cell viability was analyzed using the methylthiazolyltetrazolium (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays. An annexin V-FITC assay was used to detect cell apoptosis rates. The 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay was used to determine intracellular ROS levels. The activities of antioxidative enzymes (GSH-Px and SOD) were measured using commercially available kits. The oxidative DNA damage marker 8-OHdG was detected using ELISA. Western blotting was used to determine the expression of Bcl-2, Bax, caspase 3, p-Akt and Akt proteins in treated SH-SY5Y cells. Our results showed that MDHB is an effective neuroprotective compound that can mitigate oxidative stress and inhibit apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells.
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37
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Wang X, Wu Y, Wu Q, Qian Y, Yue W, Liang Q. Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography—Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Rapid Analysis of Seven Phenolic Compounds of Sparganii Rhizoma. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2015. [DOI: 10.1556/achrom.27.2015.4.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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38
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Jing CL, Dong XF, Tong JM. Optimization of Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Flavonoid Compounds and Antioxidants from Alfalfa Using Response Surface Method. Molecules 2015; 20:15550-71. [PMID: 26343617 PMCID: PMC6332291 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200915550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) was used to extract flavonoid-enriched antioxidants from alfalfa aerial part. Response surface methodology (RSM), based on a four-factor, five-level central composite design (CCD), was employed to obtain the optimal extraction parameters, in which the flavonoid content was maximum and the antioxidant activity of the extracts was strongest. Radical scavenging capacity of the extracts, which represents the amounts of antioxidants in alfalfa, was determined by using 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonicacid) (ABTS) and 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) methods. The results showed good fit with the proposed models for the total flavonoid extraction (R² = 0.9849), for the antioxidant extraction assayed by ABTS method (R² = 0.9764), and by DPPH method (R² = 0.9806). Optimized extraction conditions for total flavonoids was a ratio of liquid to solid of 57.16 mL/g, 62.33 °C, 57.08 min, and 52.14% ethanol. The optimal extraction parameters of extracts for the highest antioxidant activity by DPPH method was a ratio of liquid to solid 60.3 mL/g, 54.56 °C, 45.59 min, and 46.67% ethanol, and by ABTS assay was a ratio of liquid to solid 47.29 mL/g, 63.73 °C, 51.62 min, and 60% ethanol concentration. Our work offers optimal extraction conditions for total flavonoids and antioxidants from alfalfa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Liang Jing
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiao-Fang Dong
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jian-Ming Tong
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of flavonoid from Portulaca oleracea L. by response surface methodology and chemical composition analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13765-014-4058-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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40
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Wang T, Li CQ, Zhang H, Li JW. Response surface optimized extraction of 1-deoxynojirimycin from mulberry leaves (Morus alba L.) and preparative separation with resins. Molecules 2014; 19:7040-56. [PMID: 24886934 PMCID: PMC6271188 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19067040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the extraction technology and preparative separation of 1-deoxynojirimycin from mulberry leaves were systematically investigated. Four extraction parameters (ethanol concentration, extraction temperature, extraction time and ratio of solvent to sample) were explored by response surface methodology (RSM). The results indicated that the maximal yield of 1-deoxynojirimycin was achieved with an ethanol concentration of 55%, extraction temperature of 80 °C, extraction time of 1.2 h and ratio of solvent to sample of 12:1. The extraction yield under these optimum conditions was found to be 256 mg/100 g dry mulberry leaves. A column packed with a selected resin was used to perform dynamic adsorption and desorption tests to optimize the separation process. The results show that the preparative separation of 1-deoxynojirimycin from mulberry leaves can be easily and effectively done by adopting 732 resin. In conclusion, 732 resin is the most appropriate for the separation of 1-deoxynojirimycin from other components in mulberry leaves extracts, and its adsorption behavior can be described with Langmuir isotherms and a two-step adsorption kinetics model. The recovery and purity of 1-deoxynojirimycin in the final product were 90.51% and 15.3%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petro-chemical Technology, Beijing 102617, China
| | - Cui-Qing Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petro-chemical Technology, Beijing 102617, China.
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petro-chemical Technology, Beijing 102617, China
| | - Ji-Wen Li
- College of Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China
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41
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Hong J, Hu JY, Liu JH, Zhou Z, Zhao AF. In vitroantioxidant and antimicrobial activities of flavonoids fromPanax notoginsengflowers. Nat Prod Res 2014; 28:1260-6. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.900768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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42
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Xie Z, Sun Y, Lam S, Zhao M, Liang Z, Yu X, Yang D, Xu X. Extraction and isolation of flavonoid glycosides from Flos Sophorae Immaturus using ultrasonic-assisted extraction followed by high-speed countercurrent chromatography. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:957-65. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201301340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhisheng Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
- Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Guangdong Technology Research Centre for Advanced Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou China
| | - Yongjiang Sun
- Quality Administration and Risk Control Center; Biozen Pharmaceutical; Xuchang China
| | - Shingchung Lam
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
- Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Guangdong Technology Research Centre for Advanced Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou China
| | - Mingqian Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
- Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Guangdong Technology Research Centre for Advanced Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou China
| | - Zhikun Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
- Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Guangdong Technology Research Centre for Advanced Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou China
| | - Xiaoxue Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
- Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Guangdong Technology Research Centre for Advanced Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou China
| | - Depo Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
- Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Guangdong Technology Research Centre for Advanced Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou China
| | - Xinjun Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
- Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Guangdong Technology Research Centre for Advanced Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou China
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Extraction optimization, isolation, preliminary structural characterization and antioxidant activities of the cell wall polysaccharides in the petioles and pedicels of Chinese herbal medicine Qian (Euryale ferox Salisb.). Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 64:458-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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44
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Flavonoids Extraction fromTaraxacum officinale(Dandelion): Optimisation Using Response Surface Methodology and Antioxidant Activity. J CHEM-NY 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/956278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Box-Behnken design combined with response surface method was employed to optimize ultrasonic-assisted extraction of flavonoids fromTaraxacum officinale. The optimized results showed that the highest extraction yield with ultrasonic-assisted extraction could reach 2.62% using 39.6% (v/v) ethanol and 59.5 : 1 (mL/g) liquid-solid ratio for 43.8 min. The crude extract was then purified by HPD-100 macroporous adsorption resin, and the flavonoids content in the purified extract increased to 54.7%. The antioxidant activity of the purified flavonoids was evaluatedin vitroby scavenging capacity of ABTS or DPPH,β-carotene bleaching, and FTC test. The knowledge obtained from this study should be useful to further develop and apply this plant resource.
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Kuo CH, Chen BY, Liu YC, Chang CMJ, Deng TS, Chen JH, Shieh CJ. Optimized ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from Polygonum cuspidatum. Molecules 2013; 19:67-77. [PMID: 24362626 PMCID: PMC6271919 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study the phenolic compounds piceid, resveratrol and emodin were extracted from P. cuspidatum roots using ultrasound-assisted extraction. Multiple response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction conditions of these phenolic compounds. A three-factor and three-level Box-Behnken experimental design was employed to evaluate the effects of the operation parameters, including extraction temperature (30-70 °C), ethanol concentration (40%-80%), and ultrasonic power (90-150 W), on the extraction yields of piceid, resveratrol, and emodin. The statistical models built from multiple response surface methodology were developed for the estimation of the extraction yields of multi-phenolic components. Based on the model, the extraction yields of piceid, resveratrol, and emodin can be improved by controlling the extraction parameters. Under the optimum conditions, the extraction yields of piceid, resveratrol and emodin were 10.77 mg/g, 3.82 mg/g and 11.72 mg/g, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hung Kuo
- College of Tea and Food Science, Wuyi University, Fujian 354300, China; E-Mail:
| | - Bao-Yuan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Yung-Chuan Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-C.L.); (C.-M.J.C.)
| | - Chieh-Ming J. Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-C.L.); (C.-M.J.C.)
| | - Tzu-Shing Deng
- Department of Agronomy, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Jiann-Hwa Chen
- Graduate Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Chwen-Jen Shieh
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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Wan P, Sheng Z, Han Q, Zhao Y, Cheng G, Li Y. Enrichment and purification of total flavonoids from Flos Populi extracts with macroporous resins and evaluation of antioxidant activities in vitro. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 945-946:68-74. [PMID: 24321763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Enrichment and purification of total flavonoids from Flos Populi extracts were studied using five macroporous resins. The static tests indicated that NKA-9 resin was appropriate and its adsorption data were well fitted to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. To optimize the separation process, dynamic adsorption and desorption tests were carried out. The optimal adsorption parameters were initial concentrations in sample solution of 7.64mg/mL, pH of 5.0, sample loading amount of 2.3BV, flow rate of 2BV/h, temperature of 25°C. The optimal desorption parameters were deionized water and 20% ethanol each 5BV, then 60% ethanol of 10 BV, flow rate of 2BV/h. After one run treatment with NKA-9 resin, the content of total flavonoids in the product increased from 11.38% to 53.41%, and the recovery yield was 82.24%. The results showed that NKA-9 resin revealed a good ability to enrichment total flavonoids from Flos Populi, and the method can be referenced for the enrichment of total flavonoids from other materials. The antioxidant activities of the purified flavonoids were further evaluated in vitro. It showed that the DPPH radical scavenging increased from 59.46% to 82.63% at different concentrations (0.06-0.14mg/mL). At different concentrations (0.6-1.4mg/mL), the hydroxyl radical scavenging increased from 35.39% to 74.12%. Moreover, the reducing ability and total oxidant capacity appeared to be dose-dependent of flavonoids. It indicated that the purified flavonoids can be used as a source of potential antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Wan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Zunlai Sheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
| | - Qiang Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yulin Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Guangdong Cheng
- College of Life Science, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 148 Xuefu Road, Jiamusi 154007, PR China
| | - Yanhua Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
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Wu C, Chen R, Wang XS, Shen B, Yue W, Wu Q. Antioxidant and anti-fatigue activities of phenolic extract from the seed coat of Euryale ferox Salisb. and identification of three phenolic compounds by LC-ESI-MS/MS. Molecules 2013; 18:11003-21. [PMID: 24022762 PMCID: PMC6270581 DOI: 10.3390/molecules180911003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the antioxidant potential and anti-fatigue effects of phenolics extracted from the seed coat of Euryale ferox Salisb. The in vitro antioxidant potentials, including scavenging DPPH, hydroxyl radical activities and reducing power were evaluated. Antioxidant status in vivo was analyzed by SOD, CAT, GSH-Px activities and the MDA content in liver and kidneys of D-galactose-induced aging mice. The anti-fatigue effect was evaluated using an exhaustive swimming test, along with the determination of LDH, BUN and HG content. The phenolic extract possessed notable antioxidant effects on DPPH, hydroxyl radical scavenging and reducing power. The mice which received the phenolic extract showed significant increases of SOD, CAT (except for in the kidney), GSH-Px activities, and a decrease of MDA content. The average exhaustive swimming time was obviously prolonged. Meanwhile, increase of LDH content and decrease of BUN content were observed after mice had been swimming for 15 min. The HG storage of mice was improved in the high and middle dose extract groups compared with the normal group. The contents of total phenols and gallic acid of the extract were determined. Three compounds in the extract were identified as 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-chroman-4-one, 5,7,4-trihydroxyflavanone and buddlenol E. These results suggest that the extract of E. ferox is a promising source of natural antioxidants and anti-fatigue material for use in functional foods and medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChengYing Wu
- The School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138, Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China; E-Mails: (C.Y.W.); (R.C.); (X.S.W.); (B.S.); (W.Y.)
| | - Rong Chen
- The School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138, Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China; E-Mails: (C.Y.W.); (R.C.); (X.S.W.); (B.S.); (W.Y.)
- Suzhou Institute for Drug Control, Suzhou 215104, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Sheng Wang
- The School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138, Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China; E-Mails: (C.Y.W.); (R.C.); (X.S.W.); (B.S.); (W.Y.)
| | - Bei Shen
- The School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138, Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China; E-Mails: (C.Y.W.); (R.C.); (X.S.W.); (B.S.); (W.Y.)
| | - Wei Yue
- The School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138, Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China; E-Mails: (C.Y.W.); (R.C.); (X.S.W.); (B.S.); (W.Y.)
| | - Qinan Wu
- The School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138, Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China; E-Mails: (C.Y.W.); (R.C.); (X.S.W.); (B.S.); (W.Y.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for TCM Formulae Research, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138, Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
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Wang X, Wu Y, Chen G, Yue W, Liang Q, Wu Q. Optimisation of ultrasound assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from Sparganii rhizoma with response surface methodology. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2013; 20:846-54. [PMID: 23246040 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2012.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The present study reports on the extraction of phenolic compounds from sparganii rhizome. Box-Behnken Design (BBD), a widely used form of response surface methodology (RSM), was used to investigate the effect of process variables on the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). Three independent variables including ethanol concentration (%), extraction time (min) and solvent-to-material ratio (mL/g) were studied. The results showed that the optimal UAE condition was obtained with an ethanol concentration of 75.3%, an extraction time of 40min and a solvent-to-material ratio of 19.21mL/g for total phenols, and an ethanol concentration of 80%, an extraction time of 33.54min and solvent-to-material ratio of 22.72mL/g for combination of ρ-hydroxybenzaldehyde, ρ-coumaric acid, vanillic acid, ferulic acid, rutin and kaempferol. The experimental values under optimal conditions were in good consistent with the predicted values, which suggested UAE is more efficient process as compared to solvent extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinsheng Wang
- Pharmaceutical School, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
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