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Wang L, Zhao J, Mao Y, Liu L, Li C, Wu H, Zhao H, Wu Q. Tartary buckwheat rutin: Accumulation, metabolic pathways, regulation mechanisms, and biofortification strategies. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 208:108503. [PMID: 38484679 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Rutin is a significant flavonoid with strong antioxidant property and various therapeutic effects. It plays a crucial role in disease prevention and human health maintenance, especially in anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective and cardiovascular effects. While many plants can synthesize and accumulate rutin, tartary buckwheat is the only food crop possessing high levels of rutin. At present, the rutin content (RC) is regarded as the key index for evaluating the nutritional quality of tartary buckwheat. Consequently, rutin has become the focus for tartary buckwheat breeders and has made considerable progress. Here, we summarize research on the rutin in tartary buckwheat in the past two decades, including its accumulation, biosynthesis and breakdown pathways, and regulatory mechanisms. Furthermore, we propose several strategies to increase the RC in tartary buckwheat seeds based on current knowledge. This review aims to provide valuable references for elevating the quality of tartary buckwheat in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Jiali Zhao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Yuanbin Mao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Linling Liu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Chenglei Li
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Huala Wu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Haixia Zhao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Qi Wu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, China.
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Kamat S, Kumari M, Sajna KV, Singh SK, Kumar A, Jayabaskaran C. Improved Chrysin Production by a Combination of Fermentation Factors and Elicitation from Chaetomium globosum. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040999. [PMID: 37110422 PMCID: PMC10146793 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids encompass a heterogeneous group of secondary metabolites with exceptional health benefits. Chrysin, a natural dihydroxyflavone, possesses numerous bioactive properties, such as anticancer, antioxidative, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, etc. However, using traditional sources of chrysin involves extracting honey from plants, which is non-scalable, unsustainable, and depends on several factors, including geography, climatic conditions, and the season, which limits its production at a larger scale. Recently, microbial production of desirable metabolites has garnered attention due to the cost-effectiveness, easy scale-up, sustainability, and low emission of waste. We previously reported for the first time the chrysin-producing marine endophytic fungus Chaetomium globosum, associated with a marine green alga. To extend our understanding of chrysin biosynthesis in C. globosum, in the present study, we have assessed the presence of flavonoid pathway intermediates in C. globosum extracts using LC-MS/MS. The presence of several key metabolites, such as dihydrokaempferol, chalcone, galangin, baicalein, chrysin, p-Coumaroyl-CoA, and p-Cinnamoyl-CoA, indicates the role of flavonoid biosynthesis machinery in the marine fungus. Further, we have aimed to enhance the production of chrysin with three different strategies: (1) optimizing the fermentation parameters, namely, growth medium, incubation time, pH, and temperature; (2) feeding key flavonoid pathway intermediates, i.e., phenylalanine and cinnamic acid; (3) elicitation with biotic elicitors, such as polysaccharide, yeast extract, and abiotic elicitors that include UV radiation, salinity, and metal stress. The combined effect of the optimized parameters resulted in a 97-fold increase in the chrysin yield, resulting in a fungal cell factory. This work reports the first approach for enhanced production of chrysin and can serve as a template for flavonoid production enhancement using marine endophytic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siya Kamat
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Madhuree Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Kuttuvan Valappil Sajna
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
- Celignis Biomass Analysis Laboratory, V94 7Y42 Limerick, Ireland
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Division of Microbiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - C Jayabaskaran
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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Wen D, Wu L, Wang M, Yang W, Wang X, Ma W, Sun W, Chen S, Xiang L, Shi Y. CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Targeted Mutagenesis of FtMYB45 Promotes Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Tartary Buckwheat ( Fagopyrum tataricum). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:879390. [PMID: 35646007 PMCID: PMC9133938 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.879390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) technology is an efficient genome editing tool used in multiple plant species. However, it has not been applied to Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum), which is an important edible and medicinal crop rich in rutin and other flavonoids. FtMYB45 is an R2R3-type MYB transcription factor that negatively regulates flavonoid biosynthesis in Tartary buckwheat. Here, the CRISPR/Cas9 system polycistronic tRNA-sgRNA (PTG)/Cas9 was employed to knock out the FtMYB45 gene in Tartary buckwheat. Two single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) were designed to target the second exon of the FtMYB45 gene. Twelve transgenic hairy roots were obtained using Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation. Sequencing data revealed that six lines containing six types of mutations at the predicted double-stranded break site were generated using sgRNA1. The mutation frequency reached 50%. A liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-QqQ-MS) based metabolomic analysis revealed that the content of rutin, catechin, and other flavonoids was increased in hairy root mutants compared with that of lines transformed with the empty vector. Thus, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted mutagenesis of FtMYB45 effectively increased the flavonoids content of Tartary buckwheat. This finding demonstrated that the CRISPR/Cas9 system is an efficient tool for precise genome editing in Tartary buckwheat and lays the foundation for gene function research and quality improvement in Tartary buckwheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wen
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xingwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Ma
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhua Shi
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Aloo SO, Ofosu FK, Oh DH. Elicitation: a new perspective into plant chemo-diversity and functional property. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-19. [PMID: 34802360 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2004388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Sprouts are consumed as fresh foods or their flours can be added in processed products as determinants of sensory perception, product differentiation, and shelf life. Elicitation technique can be used to accumulate phytochemicals in plant sprouts thereby improving their functionality. This review summarized the recent state of knowledge on the use of elicitors to produce sprouts with improved functional properties. Elicitation using abiotic or biotic elicitors has been applied to increase the yield of sprout secondary metabolites (glucosinolates, aminobutyric acid, phenolic compounds), biological activities (antioxidant, anti-obesity, antidiabetic properties), and growth. Elicitors trigger the synthesis of plant metabolites by changing enzyme activities or gene expression related to the plant defence system. They also promote sprout growth by enhancing the levels of plant growth hormones. Elicitation is an effective method to produce sprouts with improved health benefits, and enhance their growth. Future studies are needed to identify early plant signaling pathways to fully understand elicitors' mechanisms on plant metabolites. Moreover, further investigation can be impetus in revealing the lower and upper limits of elicitor that can be applied in sprouts without compromising health and environmental safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Okomo Aloo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Fred Kwame Ofosu
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Deog-Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
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Singh J, Yadav AN. Natural Products as Fungicide and Their Role in Crop Protection. NATURAL BIOACTIVE PRODUCTS IN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE 2020. [PMCID: PMC7212785 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-3024-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Seeking solutions from nature for solving one and all problems is the age-old practice for mankind, and natural products are proved to be the most effective one for keeping up the balance of development as well as the “healthy, wealthy, and well” condition of mother nature. Fungal pathogens are proved to be a common and popular contaminant of agroecosystem that approximately causes 70–80% of total microbial crop loss. To meet the proper global increasing need of food products as a result of population explosion, managing agricultural system in an eco-friendly and profitable manner is the prime target; thus the word “sustainable agriculture” plays it part, and this package is highly effective when coupled with nature-derived fungicidal products that can minimize the event of fungal infections in agrarian ecosystem. Present study enlists the most common and effective natural products that might be of plant or microbial origin, their mode of action, day-by-day development of phytopathogenic resistance against the prevailing fungicides, and also their role in maintenance of sustainability of agricultural practices with special emphasis on their acceptance over the synthetic or chemical one. A large number of bioactive compounds ranging from direct plant (both cryptogams algae and moss and phanerogams)-derived natural extracts, essential oil of aromatic plants, and low-molecular-weight antimicrobial compounds known as phytoalexins to secondary metabolites that are both volatile and nonvolatile organic compounds of microbes (fungal and actinobacterial members) residing inside the host tissue, called endophyte, are widely used as agricultural bioweapons. The rhizospheric partners of plant, mycorrhizae, are also a prime agent of this chemical warfare and protect their green partners from fungal invaders and emphasize the concept of “sustainable agriculture.”
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Affiliation(s)
- Joginder Singh
- grid.449005.cDepartment of Microbiology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab India
| | - Ajar Nath Yadav
- grid.448698.f0000 0004 0462 8006Department of Biotechnology, Eternal University, Sirmour, Himachal Pradesh India
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Zheng F, Chen L, Zhang P, Zhou J, Lu X, Tian W. Carbohydrate polymers exhibit great potential as effective elicitors in organic agriculture: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 230:115637. [PMID: 31887887 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Some carbohydrate polymers, usually oligosaccharides or polysaccharides, have great potential as an elicitor of plant defense. However, due to the complexity and diversity of poly- and oligosaccharide structure, the molecular mechanisms and structure-activity relationships of carbohydrate elicitors are still not well understood, which hinders the application of carbohydrate elicitors in agriculture. This review introduces the mechanisms of carbohydrate elicitor perception and signaling in plants. The structure and activity relationships of main poly- and oligosaccharides studied for the control of plant diseases are discussed and summarized. Additionally, the effects of carbohydrate elicitors on the secondary metabolite production are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zheng
- School of Forestry and Bio-technology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Lei Chen
- School of Forestry and Bio-technology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peifeng Zhang
- School of Forestry and Bio-technology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingqi Zhou
- School of Forestry and Bio-technology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaofang Lu
- School of Forestry and Bio-technology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Tian
- School of Forestry and Bio-technology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
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Righini H, Baraldi E, García Fernández Y, Martel Quintana A, Roberti R. Different Antifungal Activity of Anabaena sp., Ecklonia sp., and Jania sp. against Botrytis cinerea. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E299. [PMID: 31137530 PMCID: PMC6562623 DOI: 10.3390/md17050299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Water extracts and polysaccharides from Anabaena sp., Ecklonia sp., and Jania sp. were tested for their activity against the fungal plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea. Water extracts at 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 mg/mL inhibited B. cinerea growth in vitro. Antifungal activity of polysaccharides obtained by N-cetylpyridinium bromide precipitation in water extracts was evaluated in vitro and in vitro at 0.5, 2.0, and 3.5 mg/mL. These concentrations were tested against fungal colony growth, spore germination, colony forming units (CFUs), CFU growth, and on strawberry fruits against B. cinerea infection with pre- and post-harvest application. In in vitro experiments, polysaccharides from Anabaena sp. and from Ecklonia sp. inhibited B. cinerea colony growth, CFUs, and CFU growth, while those extracted from Jania sp. reduced only the pathogen spore germination. In in vitro experiments, all concentrations of polysaccharides from Anabaena sp., Ecklonia sp., and Jania sp. reduced both the strawberry fruits infected area and the pathogen sporulation in the pre-harvest treatment, suggesting that they might be good candidates as preventive products in crop protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary Righini
- Department of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Elena Baraldi
- Department of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Yolanda García Fernández
- Banco Español de Algas, Instituto de Oceanografía y Cambio Global, IOCAG, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35214 Telde, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain.
| | - Antera Martel Quintana
- Banco Español de Algas, Instituto de Oceanografía y Cambio Global, IOCAG, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35214 Telde, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain.
| | - Roberta Roberti
- Department of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
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Post-Anthesis Photosynthetic Properties Provide Insights into Yield Potential of Tartary Buckwheat Cultivars. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy9030149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is the basis for plant productivity, and improvement of photosynthetic efficiency is an important way to improve crop yield. However, the relationship between photosynthetic parameters and the yield of Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) under rainfed conditions is unclear. A two-year field trial was conducted during 2016 and 2017 to assess the photosynthetic capacity of different leaves, dry matter accumulation, and yield of four Tartary buckwheat cultivars from flowering to maturity. The leaves of all cultivars aged gradually after flowering, and the leaf chlorophyll (Chl) and soluble protein (SP) contents, net photosynthetic rates (Pn), transpiration rates (Tr), and stomatal conductance (Gs) tended to decline. The Chl, SP, Pn, Tr, and Gs of cultivars (cvs.) XiQiao2 and QianKu3 were significantly higher than those of LiuKu3 and JiuJiang at each sampling time from 18 days after anthesis to maturity, but the intercellular CO2 content (Ci) showed the opposite trend. Cultivars XiQiao2 and QianKu3 produced more total dry matter (mean 17.1% higher), had higher harvest index (HI, mean 16.4% higher), and yield (mean 29.0% higher) than cvs. LiuKu3 and JiuJiang at maturity, and the difference was remarkably consistent. The yield of all the cultivars was positively correlated with leaf Chl, SP, Pn, Tr, and Gs, but negatively correlated with Ci. At late growth stages, the high-yielding cultivars maintained higher Chl, SP contents, Pn, Tr, and Gs, and showed higher dry matter accumulation and lower Ci than the low-yielding cultivars, consistent with their higher leaf photosynthetic capacity. The important factors determining the yield of Tartary buckwheat were maintaining higher leaf Chl and SP content and photosynthetic capacity and delaying aging during the grain formation stage. Enhanced rates of photosynthesis and dry matter accumulation led to higher post-anthesis accumulation of biomass with a positive impact on grain number and higher yield.
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Benincasa P, Falcinelli B, Lutts S, Stagnari F, Galieni A. Sprouted Grains: A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients 2019; 11:E421. [PMID: 30781547 PMCID: PMC6413227 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, there has been an increase in the use of sprouted grains in human diet and a parallel increase in the scientific literature dealing with their nutritional traits and phytochemical contents. This review examines the physiological and biochemical changes during the germination process, and the effects on final sprout composition in terms of macro- and micro-nutrients and bioactive compounds. The main factors affecting sprout composition are taken into consideration: genotype, environmental conditions experimented by the mother plant, germination conditions. In particular, the review deepens the recent knowledge on the possible elicitation factors useful for increasing the phytochemical contents. Microbiological risks and post-harvest technologies are also evaluated, and a brief summary is given of some important in vivo studies matching with the use of grain sprouts in the diet. All the species belonging to Poaceae (Gramineae) family as well as pseudocereals species are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Benincasa
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Beatrice Falcinelli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Stanley Lutts
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie végétale, Earth and Life Institute-Agronomy (ELI-A), Université catholique de Louvain, 5 (Bte 7.07.13) Place Croix du Sud, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Fabio Stagnari
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technologies for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Carlo Lerici 1, 64023 Teramo, Italy.
| | - Angelica Galieni
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Via Salaria 1, 63030 Monsampolo del Tronto, Italy.
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Zhong L, Niu B, Tang L, Chen F, Zhao G, Zhao J. Effects of Polysaccharide Elicitors from Endophytic Fusarium oxysporum Fat9 on the Growth, Flavonoid Accumulation and Antioxidant Property of Fagopyrum tataricum Sprout Cultures. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21121590. [PMID: 27897983 PMCID: PMC6274569 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21121590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of four different fungal polysaccharides, named water-extracted mycelia polysaccharide (WPS), sodium hydroxide-extracted mycelia polysaccharide (SPS), hydrochloric-extracted mycelia polysaccharide (APS), and exo-polysaccharide (EPS) obtained from the endophytic Fusarium oxysporum Fat9 on the sprout growth, flavonoid accumulation, and antioxidant capacity of tartary buckwheat. Without visible changes in the appearance of the sprouts, the exogenous polysaccharide elicitors strongly stimulated sprout growth and flavonoid production, and the stimulation effect was closely related with the polysaccharide (PS) species and its treatment dosage. With application of 200 mg/L of EPS, 200 mg/L of APS, 150 mg/L of WPS, or 100 mg/L of SPS, the total rutin and quercetin yields of buckwheat sprouts were significantly increased to 41.70 mg/(100 sprouts), 41.52 mg/(100 sprouts), 35.88 mg/(100 sprouts), and 32.95 mg/(100 sprouts), respectively. This was about 1.11 to 1.40-fold compared to the control culture of 31.40 mg/(100 sprouts). Moreover, the antioxidant capacity of tartary buckwheat sprouts was also enhanced after treatment with the four PS elicitors. Furthermore, the present study revealed the polysaccharide elicitation that caused the accumulation of functional flavonoid by stimulating the phenylpropanoid pathway. The application of beneficial fungal polysaccharide elicitors may be an effective approach to improve the nutritional and functional characteristics of tartary buckwheat sprouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Zhong
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China.
- National R&D Center for Coarse Cereal Processing, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan, China.
| | - Bei Niu
- National R&D Center for Coarse Cereal Processing, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan, China.
| | - Lin Tang
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China.
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China.
| | - Gang Zhao
- National R&D Center for Coarse Cereal Processing, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jianglin Zhao
- National R&D Center for Coarse Cereal Processing, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan, China.
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Peng LX, Zou L, Su YM, Fan Y, Zhao G. Effects of light on growth, levels of anthocyanin, concentration of metabolites inFagopyrum tataricumsprout cultures. Int J Food Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Xin Peng
- College of Biotechnology Industries; Chengdu University; Chengdu 610106 China
| | - Liang Zou
- College of Biotechnology Industries; Chengdu University; Chengdu 610106 China
| | - Yan-Mei Su
- College of Biotechnology Industries; Chengdu University; Chengdu 610106 China
| | - Yi Fan
- College of Biotechnology Industries; Chengdu University; Chengdu 610106 China
| | - Gang Zhao
- College of Biotechnology Industries; Chengdu University; Chengdu 610106 China
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Singh S. A review on possible elicitor molecules of cyanobacteria: their role in improving plant growth and providing tolerance against biotic or abiotic stress. J Appl Microbiol 2014; 117:1221-44. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Singh
- Center for Biotechnology; Department of Biological Sciences; Birla Institute of Technology and Science; Pilani India
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13
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Zhao J, Xiang D, Peng L, Zou L, Wang Y, Zhao G. ENHANCEMENT OF RUTIN PRODUCTION INFagopyrum tataricumHAIRY ROOT CULTURES WITH ITS ENDOPHYTIC FUNGAL ELICITORS. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 44:782-94. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2013.867872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Zhao JL, Zou L, Zhang CQ, Li YY, Peng LX, Xiang DB, Zhao G. Efficient production of flavonoids in Fagopyrum tataricum hairy root cultures with yeast polysaccharide elicitation and medium renewal process. Pharmacogn Mag 2014; 10:234-40. [PMID: 25210309 PMCID: PMC4159915 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.137362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum), an excellent edible and medicinal crop, has been widely used as a daily diet and traditional medicine for a long time. The major functional components of Fagopyrum tataricum have been demonstrated to be flavonoids (i.e. rutin and quercetin), which had notable andioxidant, antidiabetic, hypocholesterolemic and antitumor activities. Hairy root culture is a convenient and efficient plant tissue culture system for large scale production of bioactive metabolites. OBJECTIVE To enhance the functional flavonoids production in hairy root culture of F. tataricum. MATERIALS AND METHODS The elicitation treatment in combination with medium renewal strategy was applied for efficient promoting flavonoids production in F. tataricum hairy root cultures. RESULTS The exogenous yeast polysaccharide (YPS) elicitor notably stimulated the functional metabolites production in F. tataricum hairy root cultures, and the stimulation effect was concentration-dependent. Combination with the YPS elicitation (200 mg/L) and medium renewal process, the maximal flavonoids yield was enhanced to 47.13 mg/L, about 3.2-fold in comparison with the control culture of 14.88 mg/L. Moreover, this research also revealed the accumulation of these bioactive metabolites resulted from the stimulation of the phenylpropanoid pathway by YPS treatment. These results indicated that the F. tataricum hairy root culture could be an effective system for rutin and quercetin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Lin Zhao
- Departments of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Industry, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan, China
| | - Liang Zou
- Departments of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Industry, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan, China
| | - Cai-Qiong Zhang
- Departments of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Industry, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- Departments of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Industry, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan, China
| | - Lian-Xin Peng
- Departments of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Industry, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan, China
| | - Da-Bing Xiang
- Departments of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Industry, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Departments of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Industry, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan, China
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Associations of volatile compounds with sensory aroma and flavor: the complex nature of flavor. Molecules 2013; 18:4887-905. [PMID: 23698038 PMCID: PMC6269959 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18054887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Attempts to relate sensory analysis data to specific chemicals such as volatile compounds have been frequent. Often these associations are difficult to interpret or are weak in nature. Although some difficulties may relate to the methods used, the difficulties also result from the complex nature of flavor. For example, there are multiple volatiles responsible for a flavor sensation, combinations of volatiles yield different flavors than those expected from individual compounds, and the differences in perception of volatiles in different matrices. This review identifies some of the reasons sensory analysis and instrumental measurements result in poor associations and suggests issues that need to be addressed in future research for better understanding of the relationships of flavor/aroma phenomena and chemical composition.
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