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Habek M, Blazekovic A, Gotovac Jercic K, Pivac N, Outero TF, Borovecki F, Brinar V. Genome-Wide Expression Profile in People with Optic Neuritis Associated with Multiple Sclerosis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2209. [PMID: 37626706 PMCID: PMC10452153 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to perform a genome-wide expression analysis of whole-blood samples from people with optic neuritis (ON) and to determine differentially expressed mRNAs compared to healthy control subjects. The study included eight people with acute ON and six healthy control subjects. Gene expression was analyzed using DNA microarrays for whole-human-genome analysis, which contain 54,675 25-base pairs. The additional biostatistical analysis included gene ontology analysis and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR) was used to confirm selected differentially expressed genes. In total, 722 differently expressed genes were identified, with 377 exhibiting increased, and 345 decreased, expression. Gene ontology analysis and GSEA revealed that protein phosphorylation and intracellular compartment, apoptosis inhibition, pathways involved in cell cycles, T and B cell functions, and anti-inflammatory central nervous system (CNS) pathways are implicated in ON pathology. qPCR confirmed the differential expression of eight selected genes, with SLPI, CR3, and ITGA4 exhibiting statistically significant results. In conclusion, whole-blood gene expression analysis showed significant differences in the expression profiles of people with ON compared to healthy control subjects. Additionally, pathways involved in T cell regulation and anti-inflammatory pathways within CNS were identified as important in the early phases of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Habek
- Department of Neurology, Referral Center for Autonomic Nervous System Disorders, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Antonela Blazekovic
- Department for Functional Genomics, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department for Anatomy and Clinical Anatomy, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kristina Gotovac Jercic
- Department for Functional Genomics, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nela Pivac
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Bošković Institute, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tiago Fleming Outero
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Centre for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Centre Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 17475 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Fran Borovecki
- Department for Functional Genomics, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vesna Brinar
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Massengill MT, Park JC, McAnany JJ, Hyde RA. Occult retinopathy following treatment of Hepatitis C with glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (Mavyret). Doc Ophthalmol 2023; 146:191-197. [PMID: 36763215 DOI: 10.1007/s10633-023-09923-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Medication-induced ocular toxicity is an important consideration in the differential diagnosis of unexplained visual disturbance. We present a case of visual disturbance after starting treatment with glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (Mavyret), a therapy for Hepatitis C virus approved by the FDA in 2017. METHODS A 50-year-old male with no significant ocular history experienced bilateral visual disturbance, including visual field and acuity loss, shortly after initiating treatment with Mavyret for Hepatitis C. Examination of the anterior and posterior segments was unremarkable, and no abnormalities could be identified on multimodal imaging of the eye and brain, including MRI, SD-OCT, and fundus autofluorescence. Extensive testing for inflammatory, infectious, nutritional, and genetic etiologies for optic neuropathy and retinopathy was negative. RESULTS Electrophysiology testing was pursued to narrow the broad differential diagnosis. Full-field electroretinography and multi-focal electroretinography detected deficiencies in the rod and cone visual pathways and attenuated electrophysiologic responses in the fovea. Pattern electroretinography and visually-evoked potentials demonstrated macula dysfunction. Taken together, electrophysiologic data suggested diffuse retinal dysfunction, which was most pronounced in the macula. CONCLUSIONS Given the temporal relationship between Mavyret administration and vision loss in our patient, and the absence of an underlying cause after extensive evaluation, we propose that Mavyret may be associated with a toxic occult retinopathy characterized by panretinal dysfunction without clinically apparent structural findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Massengill
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1905 W. Taylor St, M/C 648, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Jason C Park
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1905 W. Taylor St, M/C 648, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - J Jason McAnany
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1905 W. Taylor St, M/C 648, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Robert A Hyde
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1905 W. Taylor St, M/C 648, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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Shastri DH, Silva AC, Almeida H. Ocular Delivery of Therapeutic Proteins: A Review. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010205. [PMID: 36678834 PMCID: PMC9864358 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic proteins, including monoclonal antibodies, single chain variable fragment (ScFv), crystallizable fragment (Fc), and fragment antigen binding (Fab), have accounted for one-third of all drugs on the world market. In particular, these medicines have been widely used in ocular therapies in the treatment of various diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration, corneal neovascularization, diabetic retinopathy, and retinal vein occlusion. However, the formulation of these biomacromolecules is challenging due to their high molecular weight, complex structure, instability, short half-life, enzymatic degradation, and immunogenicity, which leads to the failure of therapies. Various efforts have been made to overcome the ocular barriers, providing effective delivery of therapeutic proteins, such as altering the protein structure or including it in new delivery systems. These strategies are not only cost-effective and beneficial to patients but have also been shown to allow for fewer drug side effects. In this review, we discuss several factors that affect the design of formulations and the delivery of therapeutic proteins to ocular tissues, such as the use of injectable micro/nanocarriers, hydrogels, implants, iontophoresis, cell-based therapy, and combination techniques. In addition, other approaches are briefly discussed, related to the structural modification of these proteins, improving their bioavailability in the posterior segments of the eye without affecting their stability. Future research should be conducted toward the development of more effective, stable, noninvasive, and cost-effective formulations for the ocular delivery of therapeutic proteins. In addition, more insights into preclinical to clinical translation are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divyesh H. Shastri
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, K.B. Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kadi Sarva Vishwavidyalaya, Sarva Vidyalaya Kelavani Mandal, Gandhinagar 382016, India
- Correspondence:
| | - Ana Catarina Silva
- FP-I3ID (Instituto de Investigação, Inovação e Desenvolvimento), FP-BHS (Biomedical and Health Sciences Research Unit), Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO (Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences), REQUIMTE (Rede de Química e Tecnologia), MEDTECH (Medicines and Healthcare Products), Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Hugo Almeida
- UCIBIO (Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences), REQUIMTE (Rede de Química e Tecnologia), MEDTECH (Medicines and Healthcare Products), Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Mesosystem Investigação & Investimentos by Spinpark, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
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Prevalence of adenoviruses as ocular disease causatives in Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:2026-2032. [PMID: 35531233 PMCID: PMC9072915 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Human Adenoviruses outbreaks are rare, there still could be a potential chance for those viruses to mutate and spread quickly in human populations with severe public health and socioeconomic consequences. Outbreaks often spread fairly quickly with considerable morbidity/mortality. Saudi Arabia's geopolitical and religious significance bring with it, millions of pilgrims, and tourists yearly. This presents a significant potential for HAdVs epidemics. This review shows that even with the mushrooming serotypes and genotypes, the scholarly knowledge on the nature, structure, transmission, and management of HAdVs is already well-established. Significant research is ongoing on pharmacological interventions, which, presently remain speculative and lacking in effectiveness. This review similarly uncovers a shortage of literature, both recent and dated, on epidemic keratoconjunctivitis in either Saudi Arabia or the Middle East.
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Oh JW, Yoon CH, Ryu JS, Kim KP, Kim MK. Proteomics Analysis of Aqueous Humor and Rejected Graft in Pig-to-Non-Human Primate Corneal Xenotransplantation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:859929. [PMID: 35401527 PMCID: PMC8986976 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.859929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although pig-to-non-human primate (NHP) corneal xenotransplantation has shown long-term graft survival, xenogeneic antigen-related immune responses are still stronger than allogeneic antigen-associated responses. Therefore, there is an unmet need to investigate major rejection pathways in corneal xenotransplantation, even with immunosuppression. This study aimed to identify biomarkers in aqueous humor for predicting rejection and to investigate rejection-related pathways in grafts from NHPs transplanted with porcine corneas following the administration of steroids combined with tacrolimus/rituximab. NHPs who had received corneas from wild-type (WT) or α-1,3-galactosyltransferase gene-knockout (GTKO) pigs were divided into groups with or without rejection according to clinical examinations. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to analyze the proteomes of corneal tissues or aqueous humor. The biological functions of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were assessed using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) for pathways and protein–protein interaction network analysis. Among the 66 DEPs in aqueous humor, complement proteins (C3, C5, and C9) and cholesterol metabolic proteins (APOA1 and APOA2) were related to xenogeneic rejection as biomarkers, and alternative pathways of the complement system seemed to be important in xenogeneic graft rejection. Among the 416 DEPs of the cornea, NF-κB1 and proteosomes (PSMD7, PSMA5, and PSMD3) seemed to be related to xenogeneic graft rejection. Additionally, oxidative phosphorylation and leukocyte activation-related pathways are involved in rejection. Overall, our proteomic approach highlights the important role of NF-κB1, proteosomes, oxidative phosphorylation, and leukocyte activation-related inflammation in the cornea and the relevance of complement pathways of the aqueous humor as a predictive biomarker of xenogeneic rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Won Oh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Kyung Hee Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang Ho Yoon
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Seoul Artificial Eye Center, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Suk Ryu
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Seoul Artificial Eye Center, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwang Pyo Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Kyung Hee Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Mee Kum Kim, ; Kwang Pyo Kim,
| | - Mee Kum Kim
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Seoul Artificial Eye Center, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Mee Kum Kim, ; Kwang Pyo Kim,
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Capistrano da Silva E, Arrington J, Yau PM, Smith-Fleming KM, Canisso IF, Martins BDC. Proteome Composition of Bovine Amniotic Membrane and Its Potential Role in Corneal Healing. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:11. [PMID: 33560292 PMCID: PMC7873491 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.2.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the protein profile of bovine amniotic membranes (bAM) and to determine putative associations between protein composition in bAM and known corneal healing pathways. Methods The bAM were acquired from normal full-term births (n = 10), processed, and stored at -80°C for two days. Subsequently, the frozen membranes were thawed at room temperature and prepared for proteomic exploration using high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, followed by bioinformatics analysis. Recently identified corneal healing pathways were contrasted with protein profiles and pathways present in bAM. Results The analyses identified 2105 proteins, with an interactive network of 1271 nodes (proteins) and 8757 edges (interactions). The proteins with higher betweenness centrality measurements include microfibril-associated protein 4, HSD3B1, CAPNS1, ATP1B3, CAV1, ANXA2, YARS, and GAPDH. The top four pathways in Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes were ribosome, metabolic pathway, spliceosome, and oxidative phosphorylation. The bAM and cornea shared abundant proteins, genome ontology, and signaling pathways. Conclusions The high-throughput proteomic profile of the bAM demonstrated that numerous proteins present in the cornea are also present in this fetal membrane. Our findings collectively demonstrate the similarity between bAM and the cornea's protein composition, supporting our hypothesis that bAM can be used to treat corneal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erotides Capistrano da Silva
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Justine Arrington
- Protein Sciences Facility, Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Peter M Yau
- Protein Sciences Facility, Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Kathryn M Smith-Fleming
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Igor Frederico Canisso
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Bianca da Costa Martins
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States
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Peptidomimetics Therapeutics for Retinal Disease. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030339. [PMID: 33668179 PMCID: PMC7995992 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocular disorders originating in the retina can result in a partial or total loss of vision, making drug delivery to the retina of vital importance. However, effectively delivering drugs to the retina remains a challenge for ophthalmologists due to various anatomical and physicochemical barriers in the eye. This review introduces diverse administration routes and the accordant pharmacokinetic profiles of ocular drugs to aid in the development of safe and efficient drug delivery systems to the retina with a focus on peptidomimetics as a growing class of retinal drugs, which have great therapeutic potential and a high degree of specificity. We also discuss the pharmacokinetic profiles of small molecule drugs due to their structural similarity to small peptidomimetics. Lastly, various formulation strategies are suggested to overcome pharmacokinetic hurdles such as solubility, retention time, enzymatic degradation, tissue targeting, and membrane permeability. This knowledge can be used to help design ocular delivery platforms for peptidomimetics, not only for the treatment of various retinal diseases, but also for the selection of potential peptidomimetic drug targets.
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Tear Proteases and Protease Inhibitors: Potential Biomarkers and Disease Drivers in Ocular Surface Disease. Eye Contact Lens 2021; 46 Suppl 2:S70-S83. [PMID: 31369467 DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000000641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tears are highly concentrated in proteins relative to other biofluids, and a notable fraction of tear proteins are proteases and protease inhibitors. These components are present in a delicate equilibrium that maintains ocular surface homeostasis in response to physiological and temporal cues. Dysregulation of the activity of protease and protease inhibitors in tears occurs in ocular surface diseases including dry eye and infection, and ocular surface conditions including wound healing after refractive surgery and contact lens (CL) wear. Measurement of these changes can provide general information regarding ocular surface health and, increasingly, has the potential to give specific clues regarding disease diagnosis and guidance for treatment. Here, we review three major categories of tear proteases (matrix metalloproteinases, cathepsins, and plasminogen activators [PAs]) and their endogenous inhibitors (tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, cystatins, and PA inhibitors), and the changes in these factors associated with dry eye, infection and allergy, refractive surgery, and CLs. We highlight suggestions for development of these and other protease/protease inhibitor biomarkers in this promising field.
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Kodeboyina SK, Lee TJ, Churchwell L, Ulrich L, Bollinger K, Bogorad D, Estes A, Zhi W, Sharma S, Sharma A. The Constitutive Proteome of Human Aqueous Humor and Race Specific Alterations. Proteomes 2020; 8:proteomes8040034. [PMID: 33217969 PMCID: PMC7709111 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes8040034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aqueous humor (AH) is the fluid in the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye that contains proteins regulating ocular homeostasis. Analysis of aqueous humor proteome is challenging, mainly due to low sample volume and protein concentration. In this study, by utilizing state of the art technology, we performed Liquid-Chromatography Mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis of 88 aqueous humor samples from subjects undergoing cataract surgery. A total of 2263 unique proteins were identified, which were sub-divided into four categories that were based on their detection in the number of samples: High (n = 152), Medium (n = 91), Low (n = 128), and Rare (n = 1892). A total of 243 proteins detected in at least 50% of the samples were considered as the constitutive proteome of human aqueous humor. The biological processes and pathways enriched in the AH proteins mainly include vesicle mediated transport, acute phase response signaling, LXR/RXR activation, complement system, and secretion. The enriched molecular functions are endopeptidase activity, and various binding functions, such as protein binding, lipid binding, and ion binding. Additionally, this study provides a novel insight into race specific differences in the AH proteome. A total of six proteins were upregulated, and five proteins were downregulated in African American subjects as compared to Caucasians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Karthik Kodeboyina
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (S.K.K.); (T.J.L.); (L.C.); (W.Z.); (S.S.)
| | - Tae Jin Lee
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (S.K.K.); (T.J.L.); (L.C.); (W.Z.); (S.S.)
| | - Lara Churchwell
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (S.K.K.); (T.J.L.); (L.C.); (W.Z.); (S.S.)
| | - Lane Ulrich
- Department of Ophthalmology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (L.U.); (K.B.); (D.B.); (A.E.)
| | - Kathryn Bollinger
- Department of Ophthalmology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (L.U.); (K.B.); (D.B.); (A.E.)
| | - David Bogorad
- Department of Ophthalmology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (L.U.); (K.B.); (D.B.); (A.E.)
| | - Amy Estes
- Department of Ophthalmology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (L.U.); (K.B.); (D.B.); (A.E.)
| | - Wenbo Zhi
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (S.K.K.); (T.J.L.); (L.C.); (W.Z.); (S.S.)
| | - Shruti Sharma
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (S.K.K.); (T.J.L.); (L.C.); (W.Z.); (S.S.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (L.U.); (K.B.); (D.B.); (A.E.)
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (S.K.K.); (T.J.L.); (L.C.); (W.Z.); (S.S.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (L.U.); (K.B.); (D.B.); (A.E.)
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Correspondence:
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Limoli PG, Limoli CSS, Morales MU, Vingolo EM. Mesenchymal stem cell surgery, rescue and regeneration in retinitis pigmentosa: clinical and rehabilitative prognostic aspects. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2020; 38:223-237. [PMID: 32310198 PMCID: PMC7504992 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-190970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To assess whether treatment with the Limoli Retinal Restoration Technique (LRRT) can be performed in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP), grafting the autologous cells in a deep scleral pocket above the choroid of each eye to exert their beneficial effect on the residual retinal cells. Methods: The patients were subjected to a complete ophthalmological examination, including best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), close-up visus measurements, spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), microperimetry (MY), and electroretinography (ERG). Furthermore, the complete ophthalmological examination was carried out at baseline (T0) and at 6 months (T180) after surgery. The Shapiro–Wilk test was used to assess the normality of distribution of the investigated parameters. A mixed linear regression model was used to analyse the difference in all the studied parameters at T0 and T180, and to compare the mean change between the two groups. All statistical analyses were performed with STATA 14.0 (Collage Station, Texas, USA). Results: LRRT treatment was performed in 34 eyes of 25 RP patients recruited for the study. The eyes were classified in two groups on the basis of foveal thickness (FT) assessed by SD-OCT: 14 eyes in Group A (FT≤190μm) and the remaining 20 ones in Group B (FT > 190μm). Although it had not reached the statistical significance, Group B showed a better improvement in BCVA, residual close-up visus and sensitivity than Group A. Conclusions: Previous studies have described the role of LRRT in slowing down retinal degenerative diseases. Consequently, this surgical procedure could improve the clinical and rehabilitative prognostic parameters in RP patients. On the other hand, further clinical research and studies with longer follow-up will be needed to evaluate its efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marco Ulises Morales
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Enzo Maria Vingolo
- Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Sapienza University of Rome, p.le A. Moro, Rome, Italy
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Mallone F, Lucchino L, Franzone F, Marenco M, Carlesimo SC, Moramarco A. High-dose vitamin B supplementation for persistent visual deficit in multiple sclerosis: a pilot study. Drug Discov Ther 2020; 14:122-128. [PMID: 32669520 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2020.03031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the potential neuroprotective effect of high-doses vitamins B1, B6 and B12 in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and persistent visual loss after acute optic neuritis (AON). Sixteen patients (20 eyes) diagnosed with RRMS and visual permanent disability following AON were enrolled for the present open, pilot study. Each patient was treated with oral high-doses 300 mg of vitamin B1, 450 mg of vitamin B6 and 1,500 mcg of vitamin B12, as add-on treatment to concomitant disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for consecutive 90 days. Outcome measures were to determine changes from baseline to month three in visual acuity (VA) and visual field (VF) testing, with correlations with clinical parameters. Logistical regression was performed to evaluate predictors of final VA. A statistically significant improvement was registered in visual acuity (p = 0.002) and foveal sensitivity threshold (FT) (p = 0.006) at follow-up compared to baseline. A similar trend was demonstrated for mean deviation (MD) (p < 0.0001), and pattern standard deviation (PSD) (p < 0.0001). Age at the time of inclusion was positively correlated with latency time (rho = 0.47, p = 0.03), while showing a negative correlation with visual acuity (rho = - 0.45, p = 0.04) and foveal sensitivity threshold (rho = - 0.6, p = 0.005) at follow up. A statistically significant correlation was demonstrated between foveal sensitivity threshold and visual acuity at baseline (rho = 0.79, p < 0.0001). In a linear regression model, the main predictor of visual acuity at follow up was the foveal sensitivity threshold (B = 1.39; p < 0.0001). Supplemental high-dose vitamins B1, B6 and B12 resulted as effective therapy to improve visual function parameters in MS-related visual persistent disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Mallone
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Lucchino
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Franzone
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Marenco
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Barjui SP, Fallahi E, Kamel A, Salehi A, Teimori H. Mutation analysis of VSX1 gene in vernal keratoconjunctivitis patients. Meta Gene 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2020.100701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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13
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Subbannayya Y, Pinto SM, Mohanty V, Dagamajalu S, Prasad TSK, Murthy KR. What Makes Cornea Immunologically Unique and Privileged? Mechanistic Clues from a High-Resolution Proteomic Landscape of the Human Cornea. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2020; 24:129-139. [PMID: 32125911 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2019.0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Success rates of corneal transplantation are particularly high owing to its unique, innate immune privilege derived from a phenomenon known as Anterior Chamber-Associated Immune Deviation (ACAID). Of note, cornea is a transparent, avascular structure that acts as a barrier along with sclera to protect the eye and contributes to optical power. Molecular and systems biology mechanisms underlying ACAID and the immunologically unique and privileged status of cornea are not well known. We report here a global unbiased proteomic profiling of the human cornea and the identification of 4824 proteins, the largest catalog of human corneal proteins identified to date. Moreover, signaling pathway analysis revealed enrichment of spliceosome, phagosome, lysosome, and focal adhesion pathways, thereby demonstrating the protective functions of corneal proteins. We observed an enrichment of neutrophil-mediated immune response processes in the cornea as well as proteins belonging to the complement and ER-Phagosome pathways that are suggestive of active immune and inflammatory surveillance response. This study provides a key expression map of the corneal proteome repertoire that should enable future translational medicine studies on the pathological conditions of the cornea and the mechanisms by which cornea immunology are governed. Molecular mechanisms of corneal immune privilege have broad relevance to understand and anticipate graft rejection in the field of organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashwanth Subbannayya
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Sneha M Pinto
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Varshasnata Mohanty
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Shobha Dagamajalu
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | | | - Krishna R Murthy
- Vittala International Institute of Ophthalmology, Bangalore, India.,Prabha Eye Clinic and Research Centre, Bangalore, India.,Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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14
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Kaluzhny Y, Kinuthia MW, Lapointe AM, Truong T, Klausner M, Hayden P. Oxidative stress in corneal injuries of different origin: Utilization of 3D human corneal epithelial tissue model. Exp Eye Res 2019; 190:107867. [PMID: 31705899 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.107867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the current work was to utilize a three dimensional (3D) corneal epithelial tissue model to study dry eye disease and oxidative stress-related corneal epithelial injuries for the advancement of ocular therapeutics. Air-liquid interface cultures of normal human corneal epithelial cells were used to produce 3D corneal epithelial tissues appropriate for physiologically relevant exposure to environmental factors. Oxidative stress was generated by exposing the tissues to non-toxic doses of ultraviolet radiation (UV), hydrogen peroxide, vesicating agent nitrogen mustard, or desiccating conditions that stimulated morphological, cellular, and molecular changes relevant to dry eye disease. Corneal specific responses, including barrier function, tissue viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, lipid peroxidation, cytokine release, histology, and gene expression were evaluated. 3D corneal epithelial tissue model structurally and functionally reproduced key features of molecular responses of various types of oxidative stress-induced ocular damage. The most pronounced effects for different treatments were: UV irradiation - intracellular ROS accumulation; hydrogen peroxide exposure - barrier impairment and IL-8 release; nitrogen mustard exposure - lipid peroxidation and IL-8 release; desiccating conditions - tissue thinning, a decline in mucin expression, increased lipid peroxidation and IL-8 release. Utilizing a PCR gene array, we compared the effects of corneal epithelial damage on the expression of 84 oxidative stress-responsive genes and found specific molecular responses for each type of damage. The topical application of lubricant eye drops improved tissue morphology while decreasing lipid peroxidation and IL-8 release from tissues incubated at desiccating conditions. This model is anticipated to be a valuable tool to study molecular mechanisms of corneal epithelial damage and aid in the development of therapies against dry eye disease, oxidative stress- and vesicant-induced ocular injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Kaluzhny
- MatTek Corporation, 200 Homer Avenue, Ashland, MA, 01721, USA.
| | | | | | - Thoa Truong
- MatTek Corporation, 200 Homer Avenue, Ashland, MA, 01721, USA.
| | | | - Patrick Hayden
- MatTek Corporation, 200 Homer Avenue, Ashland, MA, 01721, USA.
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15
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Yang L, Tang X. Bilateral asymmetry improved accuracy when assessing glaucomatous vision-related quality of life impairment. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e17924. [PMID: 31702674 PMCID: PMC6855665 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000017924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bilateral asymmetry has been used in optical coherence tomography tests to find early damage to the optic nerve. However, limited studies have quantitatively evaluated bilateral asymmetry in electrophysiological disorders in patients with glaucoma. The aim of the study was to evaluate bilateral asymmetry in pattern visual evoked potentials (PVEPs) and conventional clinical markers as well as its potential use in detecting glaucomatous impairment. After investigating 60 glaucomatous patients (120 eyes) and 65 age and sex-matched normal control subjects (130 eyes) using uni- and multivariable analysis, we found that vision-related quality of life (VRQOL) impairment was significantly associated with larger bilateral asymmetry index (BAI) of clinical markers. Rasch-calibrated National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire-25 scores were significantly associated with the BAI in PVEPs latency in 15 minutes check size (β = -0.478, 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.708 to -0.248, P < .001) and the BAI in visual field mean deviation (β = -0.249, 95% CI, -0.454 to -0.044, P = .018) according to multivariable analysis. Bilateral asymmetry in objective and subjective functional measurements was quantitatively associated with glaucomatous VRQOL impairment. This finding may help bridge the gap in understanding between patients and clinicians, and increase awareness of how glaucomatous neuropathic progression may interfere with patients' daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science
- Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Tang
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science
- Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin, China
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16
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Vingolo EM, Limoli PG, Steigerwalt RDJ, Carlesimo SC, Salvatore S. Abnormal stereopsis and reduced retinal sensitivity in patients with retinitis pigmentosa. Int Ophthalmol 2019; 40:179-184. [PMID: 31463623 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-019-01166-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to evaluate retinal sensitivity and stereoacuity (SA) in retinitis pigmentosa (RP) patients. METHODS Twenty-six patients with RP were examined, mean age 36.4 ± 7.21 (SD) years old and best corrected visual acuity better than 0.15 logMAR. The control group (CG) included 25 healthy subjects matching the RP group by age and sex. Every patient and healthy control underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination: Titmus, Lang, TNO stereotests and microperimetry (MP-1) (Nidek Technologies). Results were subjected to factor analysis using Varimax rotation, and p values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS With the Titmus stereotest, the mean SA was 136.52 ± 26.5 (SD) arcsec in the RP group and 67.2 ± 11.5 (SD) in CG; Lang SA was 391.39 ± 53.72 (SD) in RP group and 1150 ± 33.4 (SD) in CG; and TNO SA was 69.3 ± 14.39 (SD) in the RP group and 15.97 ± 3.7 (SD) in CG. Factor analysis showed significant correlation between visual acuity and SA (p = 0.0001) in RP group. MP-1 demonstrated that in RP patients, inter-ocular difference in retinal sensitivity and fixation stability was related to anomalous stereopsis (p values < 0.05). CONCLUSION Progressive RP degeneration in the cone system could determine a significant impairment in the binocular vision due to anomalous inter-ocular retinal sensitivity and incomplete Panum's area utilization, causing an incongruent retinal localization. These findings suggest a possible reason why RP patients with a central retinal involvement, even if minimal, perceive a damaged stereoscopic perception that produces a severe disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzo Maria Vingolo
- Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Sapienza University of Rome, p. le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Sandra Cinzia Carlesimo
- Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Sapienza University of Rome, p. le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Salvatore
- Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Sapienza University of Rome, p. le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
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17
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Rare variants and loci for age-related macular degeneration in the Ohio and Indiana Amish. Hum Genet 2019; 138:1171-1182. [PMID: 31367973 PMCID: PMC6745026 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-019-02050-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness in the world. While dozens of independent genomic variants are associated with AMD, about one-third of AMD heritability is still unexplained. To identify novel variants and loci for AMD, we analyzed Illumina HumanExome chip data from 87 Amish individuals with early or late AMD, 79 unaffected Amish individuals, and 15 related Amish individuals with unknown AMD affection status. We retained 37,428 polymorphic autosomal variants across 175 samples for association and linkage analyses. After correcting for multiple testing (n = 37,428), we identified four variants significantly associated with AMD: rs200437673 (LCN9, p = 1.50 × 10−11), rs151214675 (RTEL1, p = 3.18 × 10−8), rs140250387 (DLGAP1, p = 4.49 × 10−7), and rs115333865 (CGRRF1, p = 1.05 × 10−6). These variants have not been previously associated with AMD and are not in linkage disequilibrium with the 52 known AMD-associated variants reported by the International AMD Genomics Consortium based on physical distance. Genome-wide significant linkage peaks were observed on chromosomes 8q21.11–q21.13 (maximum recessive HLOD = 4.03) and 18q21.2–21.32 (maximum dominant HLOD = 3.87; maximum recessive HLOD = 4.27). These loci do not overlap with loci previously linked to AMD. Through gene ontology enrichment analysis with ClueGO in Cytoscape, we determined that several genes in the 1-HLOD support interval of the chromosome 8 locus are involved in fatty acid binding and triglyceride catabolic processes, and the 1-HLOD support interval of the linkage region on chromosome 18 is enriched in genes that participate in serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity and the positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. These results nominate novel variants and loci for AMD that require further investigation.
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18
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Taurone S, Spoletini M, Ralli M, Gobbi P, Artico M, Imre L, Czakò C, Kovàcs I, Greco A, Micera A. Ocular mucous membrane pemphigoid: a review. Immunol Res 2019; 67:280-289. [DOI: 10.1007/s12026-019-09087-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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19
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Nebbioso M, Alisi L, Giovannetti F, Armentano M, Lambiase A. Eye drop emulsion containing 0.1% cyclosporin (1 mg/mL) for the treatment of severe vernal keratoconjunctivitis: an evidence-based review and place in therapy. Clin Ophthalmol 2019; 13:1147-1155. [PMID: 31308622 PMCID: PMC6616155 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s181811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a rare, recurrent and multifactorial ocular disease, which typically flares up during spring and affects especially male children and adolescents. This condition does not usually respond to common treatments with antihistamines or mast cells stabilizers, whereas corticosteroids have effective results. Corticosteroids need to be carefully administered, to avoid adverse effects, mainly the secondary development of glaucoma, cataracts, or infections. Immunosuppressive agents, such as cyclosporin (CyA) or tacrolimus are, therefore, frequently employed in VKC patients. Only the 0.1% CyA (1 mg/mL) concentration has an approved and specific clinical indication for the treatment of VKC and this drug was given the denomination of orphan drug by the European Commission (EU/3/06/360) in 2006. So far, few studies have been conducted to evaluate the efficacy and the side effects of topical 0.1% CyA. Different topical CyA concentrations, ranging from 0.05% to 2%, and various types of formulation are available at the moment. In the future, 0.1% CyA will presumably take an important part in the management of VKC. The present review focuses on eye drops containing 0.1% CyA; however, more studies will be needed to define its long-term efficacy in the natural course of this severe ocular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Nebbioso
- Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Umberto I Policlinic, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Ludovico Alisi
- Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Umberto I Policlinic, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Francesca Giovannetti
- Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Umberto I Policlinic, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Marta Armentano
- Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Umberto I Policlinic, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Alessandro Lambiase
- Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Umberto I Policlinic, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
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20
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Nebbioso M, Livani ML, Santamaria V, Librando A, Sepe M. Intracameral lidocaine as supplement to classic topical anesthesia for relieving ocular pain in cataract surgery. Int J Ophthalmol 2018; 11:1932-1935. [PMID: 30588425 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2018.12.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate safety, efficacy, and patient adherence of intracameral lidocaine as supplement of classic topical anesthetic drops in cataract surgery. METHODS A prospective and controlled trial including a large cohort of 1650 individuals suffering with bilateral cataract not complicated, in program by phacoemulsification surgery, were randomly assigned to 2 different groups for the type of anesthesia received, 0.4% oxybuprocaine hydrochloride (INN) drops, and INN drops associated to intracameral 1% lidocaine hydrochloride monohydrate. At the end of surgery, tables were assigned to each patient indicating the degree of pain (0-3) felt during the operation. RESULTS Thirty-two percent of patients in group 1 declared to have not felt any pain against the 77% of patients in group 2. Fifty-nine percent of patients in group 1 complained about only a slight discomfort against 20% of group 2 patients. Only a small percentage of patients in group 1 (5%) admitted severe pain, while no patient in group 2 admitted severe pain. Four patients of group 2 reported an episode of transient amaurosis, lasting several hours after surgery. CONCLUSION Intracameral administration of lidocaine is a simple and secure method able to increase the analgesia during the cataract surgery, eliminating the discomfort and increasing also the cooperation of the patients during the steps of manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Nebbioso
- Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | | | | | - Aloisa Librando
- Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
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21
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Sharif R, Bak-Nielsen S, Hjortdal J, Karamichos D. Pathogenesis of Keratoconus: The intriguing therapeutic potential of Prolactin-inducible protein. Prog Retin Eye Res 2018; 67:150-167. [PMID: 29758268 PMCID: PMC6235698 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Keratoconus (KC) is the most common ectatic corneal disease, with clinical findings that include discomfort, visual disturbance and possible blindness if left untreated. KC affects approximately 1:400 to 1:2000 people worldwide, including both males and females. The aetiology and onset of KC remains a puzzle and as a result, the ability to treat or reverse the disease is hampered. Sex hormones are known to play a role in the maintenance of the structure and integrity of the human cornea. Hormone levels have been reported to alter corneal thickness, curvature, and sensitivity during different times of menstrual cycle. Surprisingly, the role of sex hormones in corneal diseases and KC has been largely neglected. Prolactin-induced protein, known to be regulated by sex hormones, is a new KC biomarker that has been recently proposed. Studies herein discuss the role of sex hormones as a control mechanism for KC onset and progression and evidence supporting the view that prolactin-induced protein is an important hormonally regulated biomarker in KC is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabab Sharif
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States
| | - Sashia Bak-Nielsen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus DK-8200, Denmark
| | - Jesper Hjortdal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus DK-8200, Denmark
| | - Dimitrios Karamichos
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States; Department of Ophthalmology/Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, 608 Stanton L. Young Blvd, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States.
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22
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Cruzat A, Gonzalez-Andrades M, Mauris J, AbuSamra DB, Chidambaram P, Kenyon KR, Chodosh J, Dohlman CH, Argüeso P. Colocalization of Galectin-3 With CD147 Is Associated With Increased Gelatinolytic Activity in Ulcerating Human Corneas. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2018; 59:223-230. [PMID: 29340650 PMCID: PMC5771460 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-23196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Galectin-3 is a carbohydrate-binding protein known to promote expression of matrix metalloproteinases, a hallmark of ulceration, through interaction with the extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer CD147. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of galectin-3 in corneas of patients with ulcerative keratitis and to determine its relationship to CD147 and the presence of gelatinolytic activity. Methods This was an observational case series involving donor tissue from 13 patients with active corneal ulceration and 6 control corneas. Fixed-frozen sections of the corneas were processed to localize galectin-3 and CD147 by immunofluorescence microscopy. Gelatinolytic activity was detected by in situ zymography. Results Tissue from patients with active corneal ulceration showed a greater galectin-3 immunoreactivity in basal epithelia and stroma compared with controls. Immunofluorescence grading scores revealed increased colocalization of galectin-3 and CD147 in corneal ulcers at the epithelial–stromal junction and within fibroblasts. Quantitative analysis using the Manders' colocalization coefficient demonstrated significant overlap in corneas from patients with ulcerative keratitis (M1 = 0.29; M2 = 0.22) as opposed to control corneas (M1 = 0.01, P < 0.01; M2 = 0.02, P < 0.05). In these experiments, there was a significant positive correlation between the degree of galectin-3 and CD147 colocalization and the presence of gelatinolytic activity. Conclusions Our results indicate that concomitant stimulation and colocalization of galectin-3 with CD147 are associated with increased gelatinolytic activity in the actively ulcerating human cornea and suggest a mechanism by which galectin-3 may contribute to the degradation of extracellular matrix proteins during ulceration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cruzat
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel Gonzalez-Andrades
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Jérôme Mauris
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Dina B AbuSamra
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Preethi Chidambaram
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Kenneth R Kenyon
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,New England Eye Center and Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - James Chodosh
- Howe Laboratory and Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Claes H Dohlman
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Pablo Argüeso
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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Peddada KV, Brown A, Verma V, Nebbioso M. Therapeutic potential of curcumin in major retinal pathologies. Int Ophthalmol 2018; 39:725-734. [DOI: 10.1007/s10792-018-0845-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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24
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O'Callaghan RJ. The Pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus Eye Infections. Pathogens 2018; 7:pathogens7010009. [PMID: 29320451 PMCID: PMC5874735 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens7010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a major pathogen of the eye able to infect the tear duct, eyelid, conjunctiva, cornea, anterior and posterior chambers, and the vitreous chamber. Of these infections, those involving the cornea (keratitis) or the inner chambers of the eye (endophthalmitis) are the most threatening because of their potential to cause a loss in visual acuity or even blindness. Each of these ocular sites is protected by the constitutive expression of a variety of antimicrobial factors and these defenses are augmented by a protective host response to the organism. Such infections often involve a predisposing factor that weakens the defenses, such as the use of contact lenses prior to the development of bacterial keratitis or, for endophthalmitis, the trauma caused by cataract surgery or intravitreal injection. The structural carbohydrates of the bacterial surface induce an inflammatory response able to reduce the bacterial load, but contribute to the tissue damage. A variety of bacterial secreted proteins including alpha-toxin, beta-toxin, gamma-toxin, Panton-Valentine leukocidin and other two-component leukocidins mediate tissue damage and contribute to the induction of the inflammatory response. Quantitative animal models of keratitis and endophthalmitis have provided insights into the S. aureus virulence and host factors active in limiting such infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J O'Callaghan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State St., Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
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25
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Todokoro D, Suzuki T, Kobayakawa S, Tomita H, Ohashi Y, Akiyama H. Postoperative Enterococcus faecalis endophthalmitis: virulence factors leading to poor visual outcome. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2017; 61:408-414. [DOI: 10.1007/s10384-017-0527-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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26
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Yin H, Tian Y, Luo R, Deng Y. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin is expressed in human corneal stromal cells and secreted upon protease-activated receptor 1 activation. IUBMB Life 2017. [PMID: 28631887 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Yin
- Department of Ophthalmology; West China Hospital, Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Tian
- Department of Ophthalmology; West China Hospital, Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Rongying Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology; West China Hospital, Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Yingping Deng
- Department of Ophthalmology; West China Hospital, Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan People's Republic of China
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27
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Meunier I, Bocquet B, Labesse G, Zeitz C, Defoort-Dhellemmes S, Lacroux A, Mauget-Faysse M, Drumare I, Gamez AS, Mathieu C, Marquette V, Sagot L, Dhaenens CM, Arndt C, Carroll P, Remy-Jardin M, Cohen SY, Sahel JA, Puech B, Audo I, Mrejen S, Hamel CP. A new autosomal dominant eye and lung syndrome linked to mutations in TIMP3 gene. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32544. [PMID: 27601084 PMCID: PMC5013278 DOI: 10.1038/srep32544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
To revisit the autosomal dominant Sorsby fundus dystrophy (SFD) as a syndromic condition including late-onset pulmonary disease. We report clinical and imaging data of ten affected individuals from 2 unrelated families with SFD and carrying heterozygous TIMP3 mutations (c.572A > G, p.Y191C, exon 5, in family 1 and c.113C > G, p.S38C, exon 1, in family 2). In family 1, all SFD patients older than 50 (two generations) had also a severe emphysema, despite no history of smoking or asthma. In the preceding generation, the mother died of pulmonary emphysema and she was blind after the age of 50. Her two great-grandsons (<20 years), had abnormal Bruch Membrane thickness, a sign of eye disease. In family 2, eye and lung diseases were also associated in two generations, both occurred later, and lung disease was moderate (bronchiectasis). This is the first report of a syndromic SFD in line with the mouse model uncovering the role of TIMP3 in human lung morphogenesis and functions. The TIMP3 gene should be screened in familial pulmonary diseases with bronchiectasis, associated with a medical history of visual loss. In addition, SFD patients should be advised to avoid tobacco consumption, to practice sports, and to undergo regular pulmonary examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Meunier
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier U1051, University of Montpellier-University Hospital, Genetics of Sensory Diseases, Montpellier, France
| | - Béatrice Bocquet
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier U1051, University of Montpellier-University Hospital, Genetics of Sensory Diseases, Montpellier, France
| | - Gilles Labesse
- Center for structural biochemistry Montpellier, INSERM U1054-CNRS UMR5048, Montpellier, France
| | - Christina Zeitz
- Sorborne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, 75012 Paris. CHNO des Quinze-Vingts, DHU Sight Restore, INSERM-DHOS CIC1423, 28 rue de Charenton, 75012 Paris. Institute of Ophthalmology, University College of London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Sabine Defoort-Dhellemmes
- Service d’Exploration de la Vision et Neuro-ophtalmologie, Hôpital Robert Salengro, CHU de Lille, France
| | - Annie Lacroux
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier U1051, University of Montpellier-University Hospital, Genetics of Sensory Diseases, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Isabelle Drumare
- Service d’Exploration de la Vision et Neuro-ophtalmologie, Hôpital Robert Salengro, CHU de Lille, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Gamez
- Département de pneumologie et d’addictologie. University Hospital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France
| | - Cyril Mathieu
- Chest and Heart Imaging department, Arnaud de Villeneuve Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Virginie Marquette
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier U1051, University of Montpellier-University Hospital, Genetics of Sensory Diseases, Montpellier, France
| | - Lola Sagot
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier U1051, University of Montpellier-University Hospital, Genetics of Sensory Diseases, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Carl Arndt
- Eye clinic, Hôpital Robert Debré, CHRU de Reims, France
| | - Patrick Carroll
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier U1051, University of Montpellier-University Hospital, Genetics of Sensory Diseases, Montpellier, France
| | - Martine Remy-Jardin
- Department of Thoracic Imaging, Hospital Calmette, University Centre of Lille, France
| | - Salomon Yves Cohen
- Ophthalmic center for imaging and laser, rue Antoine Bourdelle, Paris - Department of Ophthalmology, Intercity Hospital and University Paris Est, Créteil, France
| | - José-Alain Sahel
- Sorborne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, 75012 Paris. CHNO des Quinze-Vingts, DHU Sight Restore, INSERM-DHOS CIC1423, 28 rue de Charenton, 75012 Paris. Institute of Ophthalmology, University College of London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Bernard Puech
- Service d’Exploration de la Vision et Neuro-ophtalmologie, Hôpital Robert Salengro, CHU de Lille, France
| | - Isabelle Audo
- Sorborne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, 75012 Paris. CHNO des Quinze-Vingts, DHU Sight Restore, INSERM-DHOS CIC1423, 28 rue de Charenton, 75012 Paris. Institute of Ophthalmology, University College of London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Sarah Mrejen
- Fondation Adolphe de Rothschild, 25 rue Manin, 75019 Paris
| | - Christian P. Hamel
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier U1051, University of Montpellier-University Hospital, Genetics of Sensory Diseases, Montpellier, France
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Bashar AE, Metcalfe AL, Viringipurampeer IA, Yanai A, Gregory-Evans CY, Gregory-Evans K. An ex vivo gene therapy approach in X-linked retinoschisis. Mol Vis 2016; 22:718-33. [PMID: 27390514 PMCID: PMC4919093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE X-linked retinoschisis (XLRS) is juvenile-onset macular degeneration caused by haploinsufficiency of the extracellular cell adhesion protein retinoschisin (RS1). RS1 mutations can lead to either a non-functional protein or the absence of protein secretion, and it has been established that extracellular deficiency of RS1 is the underlying cause of the phenotype. Therefore, we hypothesized that an ex vivo gene therapy strategy could be used to deliver sufficient extracellular RS1 to reverse the phenotype seen in XLRS. Here, we used adipose-derived, syngeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that were genetically modified to secrete human RS1 and then delivered these cells by intravitreal injection to the retina of the Rs1h knockout mouse model of XLRS. METHODS MSCs were electroporated with two transgene expression systems (cytomegalovirus (CMV)-controlled constitutive and doxycycline-induced Tet-On controlled inducible), both driving expression of human RS1 cDNA. The stably transfected cells, using either constitutive mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) or inducible MSC cassettes, were assayed for their RS1 secretion profile. For single injection studies, 100,000 genetically modified MSCs were injected into the vitreous cavity of the Rs1h knockout mouse eye at P21, and data were recorded at 2, 4, and 8 weeks post-injection. The control groups received either unmodified MSCs or vehicle injection. For the multiple injection studies, the mice received intravitreal MSC injections at P21, P60, and P90 with data collection at P120. For the single- and multiple-injection studies, the outcomes were measured with electroretinography, optokinetic tracking responses (OKT), histology, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Two lines of genetically modified MSCs were established and found to secrete RS1 at a rate of 8 ng/million cells/day. Following intravitreal injection, RS1-expressing MSCs were found mainly in the inner retinal layers. Two weeks after a single injection of MSCs, the area of the schisis cavities was reduced by 65% with constitutive MSCs and by 83% with inducible MSCs, demonstrating improved inner nuclear layer architecture. This benefit was maintained up to 8 weeks post-injection and corresponded to a significant improvement in the electroretinogram (ERG) b-/a-wave ratio at 8 weeks (2.6 inducible MSCs; 1.4 untreated eyes, p<0.05). At 4 months after multiple injections, the schisis cavity areas were reduced by 78% for inducible MSCs and constitutive MSCs, more photoreceptor nuclei were present (700/µm constitutive MSC; 750/µm inducible MSC; 383/µm untreated), and the ERG b-wave was significantly improved (threefold higher with constitutive MSCs and twofold higher with inducible MSCs) compared to the untreated control group. CONCLUSIONS These results establish that extracellular delivery of RS1 rescues the structural and functional deficits in the Rs1h knockout mouse model and that this ex vivo gene therapy approach can inhibit progression of disease. This proof-of-principle work suggests that other inherited retinal degenerations caused by a deficiency of extracellular matrix proteins could be targeted by this strategy.
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Nebbioso M, Scarsella G, Librando A, Pescosolido N. Biomolecular Modulation of Neurodegenerative Events during Ageing. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:978654. [PMID: 26583065 PMCID: PMC4637103 DOI: 10.1155/2015/978654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The objective is to assess the modulation of retinal and optic nerve degenerative events induced by the combination of α-lipoic acid (ALA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in an animal model of ageing. For this study, 24 male Wistar-Harlan strain rats were left to age for up to 24 months. One group of rats was subjected to a diet supplemented with ALA and SOD for 8 weeks, while another group was used as a positive control and not subjected to any dietary treatment. To assess the cytoprotective effects of the antioxidants, a morphological analysis was carried out on sections of retina and optic nerve head, stained with haematoxylin-eosin, followed by an analysis of the modifications to nuclear DNA detected by the TUNEL technique. The lipid peroxidation assay was used to assess the damage induced by oxidative stress at cell membrane level. The molecules involved in apoptosis mediated by oxidative stress, such as caspase-3 and inducible nitric oxide synthase, were also assayed by immunolocalization and western blot. ALA and SOD are able to counteract senile neurodegenerative deterioration to the retina and optic nerve. Indeed, the combination of these antioxidant molecules can reduce oxidative stress levels and thus prevent both nuclear degradation and subsequent cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Nebbioso
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Scarsella
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Aloisa Librando
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Pescosolido
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrology, Geriatric, and Anesthetic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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McGhee CNJ, Wilson PJ. A cornucopia of cornea: the challenge of being well-informed in an era of rapid change. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2015; 4:2-4. [PMID: 26068605 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Charles N J McGhee
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Center, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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