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Morante-Carriel J, Živković S, Nájera H, Sellés-Marchart S, Martínez-Márquez A, Martínez-Esteso MJ, Obrebska A, Samper-Herrero A, Bru-Martínez R. Prenylated Flavonoids of the Moraceae Family: A Comprehensive Review of Their Biological Activities. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1211. [PMID: 38732426 PMCID: PMC11085352 DOI: 10.3390/plants13091211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Prenylated flavonoids (PFs) are natural flavonoids with a prenylated side chain attached to the flavonoid skeleton. They have great potential for biological activities such as anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, enzyme inhibition, and anti-Alzheimer's effects. Medicinal chemists have recently paid increasing attention to PFs, which have become vital for developing new therapeutic agents. PFs have quickly developed through isolation and semi- or full synthesis, proving their high value in medicinal chemistry research. This review comprehensively summarizes the research progress of PFs, including natural PFs from the Moraceae family and their pharmacological activities. This information provides a basis for the selective design and optimization of multifunctional PF derivatives to treat multifactorial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Morante-Carriel
- Plant Proteomics and Functional Genomics Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Soil and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; (H.N.); (M.J.M.-E.); (A.O.); (A.S.-H.); (R.B.-M.)
- Plant Biotechnology Group, Faculty of Forestry and Agricultural Sciences, Quevedo State Technical University, Av. Quito km. 1 1/2 vía a Santo Domingo de los Tsachilas, Quevedo 120501, Ecuador
| | - Suzana Živković
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Hugo Nájera
- Plant Proteomics and Functional Genomics Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Soil and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; (H.N.); (M.J.M.-E.); (A.O.); (A.S.-H.); (R.B.-M.)
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana–Cuajimalpa, Av. Vasco de Quiroga 4871, Colonia Santa Fe Cuajimalpa, Alcaldía Cuajimalpa de Morelos, Mexico City 05348, Mexico
| | - Susana Sellés-Marchart
- Research Technical Facility, Proteomics and Genomics Division, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain;
| | - Ascensión Martínez-Márquez
- Plant Proteomics and Functional Genomics Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Soil and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; (H.N.); (M.J.M.-E.); (A.O.); (A.S.-H.); (R.B.-M.)
| | - María José Martínez-Esteso
- Plant Proteomics and Functional Genomics Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Soil and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; (H.N.); (M.J.M.-E.); (A.O.); (A.S.-H.); (R.B.-M.)
| | - Anna Obrebska
- Plant Proteomics and Functional Genomics Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Soil and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; (H.N.); (M.J.M.-E.); (A.O.); (A.S.-H.); (R.B.-M.)
| | - Antonio Samper-Herrero
- Plant Proteomics and Functional Genomics Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Soil and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; (H.N.); (M.J.M.-E.); (A.O.); (A.S.-H.); (R.B.-M.)
| | - Roque Bru-Martínez
- Plant Proteomics and Functional Genomics Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Soil and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; (H.N.); (M.J.M.-E.); (A.O.); (A.S.-H.); (R.B.-M.)
- Multidisciplinary Institute for the Study of the Environment (IMEM), University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Alicante, Spain
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Ko W, Baek JS, Liu Z, Dong L, Kim N, Lee H, Yoon CS, Kim NY, Kim SC, Lee DS. Anti-Inflammatory Activity of 1,6,7-Trihydroxy-2-(1,1-dimethyl-2-propenyl)-3-methoxyxanthone Isolated from Cudrania tricuspidata via NF-κB, MAPK, and HO-1 Signaling Pathways in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW 264.7 and BV2 Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:7299. [PMID: 37959718 PMCID: PMC10650866 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation activated by microglia affects inflammatory pain development. This study aimed to explore the anti-inflammatory properties and mechanisms of 1,6,7-trihydroxy-2-(1,1-dimethyl-2-propenyl)-3-methoxyxanthone (THMX) from Cudrania tricuspidata in microglia activation-mediated inflammatory pain. In RAW 264.7 and BV2 cells, THMX has been shown to reduce lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines, including nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin (PG) E2, interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). THMX also decreased LPS-induced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and the activation of p65 nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Interestingly, THMX also activated heme oxygenase (HO)-1 expression. These findings suggest that THMX is a promising biologically active compound against inflammation through preventing MAPKs and NF-ĸB and activating HO-1 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonmin Ko
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan-si 54538, Republic of Korea; (W.K.); (C.-S.Y.)
| | - Jong-Suep Baek
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, 1, Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si 24341, Republic of Korea;
| | - Zhiming Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, 309, Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea; (Z.L.); (L.D.); (N.K.); (H.L.)
| | - Linsha Dong
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, 309, Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea; (Z.L.); (L.D.); (N.K.); (H.L.)
| | - Nayeon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, 309, Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea; (Z.L.); (L.D.); (N.K.); (H.L.)
| | - Hwan Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, 309, Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea; (Z.L.); (L.D.); (N.K.); (H.L.)
| | - Chi-Su Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan-si 54538, Republic of Korea; (W.K.); (C.-S.Y.)
| | - Na Young Kim
- Pathology Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, 216, Gijanghaean-ro, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sam Cheol Kim
- Department of Family Practice and Community Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, 309, Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dong-Sung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, 309, Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea; (Z.L.); (L.D.); (N.K.); (H.L.)
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Lv HW, Wang QL, Luo M, Zhu MD, Liang HM, Li WJ, Cai H, Zhou ZB, Wang H, Tong SQ, Li XN. Phytochemistry and pharmacology of natural prenylated flavonoids. Arch Pharm Res 2023; 46:207-272. [PMID: 37055613 PMCID: PMC10101826 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01443-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Prenylated flavonoids are a special kind of flavonoid derivative possessing one or more prenyl groups in the parent nucleus of the flavonoid. The presence of the prenyl side chain enriched the structural diversity of flavonoids and increased their bioactivity and bioavailability. Prenylated flavonoids show a wide range of biological activities, such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, cardioprotective effects, and anti-osteoclastogenic activities. In recent years, many compounds with significant activity have been discovered with the continuous excavation of the medicinal value of prenylated flavonoids, and have attracted the extensive attention of pharmacologists. This review summarizes recent progress on research into natural active prenylated flavonoids to promote new discoveries of their medicinal value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Wei Lv
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM for Innovative R&D and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM Great Health Products & Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014, Hang zhou, P. R. China
| | - Qiao-Liang Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM for Innovative R&D and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM Great Health Products & Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014, Hang zhou, P. R. China
| | - Meng Luo
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM for Innovative R&D and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM Great Health Products & Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014, Hang zhou, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Di Zhu
- Research Center of Analysis and Measurement, Zhejiang University of Technology University, 310014, Hang Zhou, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Min Liang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM for Innovative R&D and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM Great Health Products & Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014, Hang zhou, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Jing Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM for Innovative R&D and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM Great Health Products & Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014, Hang zhou, P. R. China
| | - Hai Cai
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM for Innovative R&D and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM Great Health Products & Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014, Hang zhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Bo Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, 533000, Baise, P. R. China
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM for Innovative R&D and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM Great Health Products & Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014, Hang zhou, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Qiang Tong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM for Innovative R&D and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM Great Health Products & Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014, Hang zhou, P. R. China.
| | - Xing-Nuo Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM for Innovative R&D and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM Great Health Products & Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014, Hang zhou, P. R. China.
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Trang NM, Vinh LB, Thanh NV, Phong NV. Inhibition of PTP1B by isosinensetin, a polymethoxylated flavone isolated from trifoliate orange peel: kinetic studies, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02560-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Ficus tikoua Bureau. J CHEM-NY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/2423525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ficus tikoua Bureau (F. tikoua Bur.) is a perennial woody vine in the Moraceae family that has been used as a traditional folk medicine for centuries to treat many diseases such as chronic bronchitis, diarrhea, dysentery, rheumatism, and other inflammation-related diseases in certain parts of China, India, Vietnam, and Laos. This medicinal plant contains beneficial secondary metabolites belonging to various chemical classes, including flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids, steroids, coumarins, and alkaloids. In this review, we have summarized the natural compounds isolated from F. tikoua Bur. and their biological effects.
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Recent Updates on Development of Protein-Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Inhibitors for Treatment of Diabetes, Obesity and Related Disorders. Bioorg Chem 2022; 121:105626. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Mata-Torres G, Andrade-Cetto A, Espinoza-Hernández F. Approaches to Decrease Hyperglycemia by Targeting Impaired Hepatic Glucose Homeostasis Using Medicinal Plants. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:809994. [PMID: 35002743 PMCID: PMC8733686 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.809994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver plays a pivotal role in maintaining blood glucose levels through complex processes which involve the disposal, storage, and endogenous production of this carbohydrate. Insulin is the hormone responsible for regulating hepatic glucose production and glucose storage as glycogen, thus abnormalities in its function lead to hyperglycemia in obese or diabetic patients because of higher production rates and lower capacity to store glucose. In this context, two different but complementary therapeutic approaches can be highlighted to avoid the hyperglycemia generated by the hepatic insulin resistance: 1) enhancing insulin function by inhibiting the protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, one of the main enzymes that disrupt the insulin signal, and 2) direct regulation of key enzymes involved in hepatic glucose production and glycogen synthesis/breakdown. It is recognized that medicinal plants are a valuable source of molecules with special properties and a wide range of scaffolds that can improve hepatic glucose metabolism. Some molecules, especially phenolic compounds and terpenoids, exhibit a powerful inhibitory capacity on protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B and decrease the expression or activity of the key enzymes involved in the gluconeogenic pathway, such as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase or glucose 6-phosphatase. This review shed light on the progress made in the past 7 years in medicinal plants capable of improving hepatic glucose homeostasis through the two proposed approaches. We suggest that Coreopsis tinctoria, Lithocarpus polystachyus, and Panax ginseng can be good candidates for developing herbal medicines or phytomedicines that target inhibition of hepatic glucose output as they can modulate the activity of PTP-1B, the expression of gluconeogenic enzymes, and the glycogen content.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adolfo Andrade-Cetto
- Laboratorio de Etnofarmacología, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Ko W, Kim KW, Liu Z, Dong L, Yoon CS, Lee H, Kim YC, Oh H, Lee DS, Kim SC. Macluraxanthone B inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 and BV2 cells by regulating the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2021; 44:67-75. [PMID: 34821534 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2021.2006215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prenylated xanthones compounds, macluraxanthone B (MCXB) was isolated from the MeOH extracts of Cudrania tricuspidata. In this study, we investigated the effect of MCXB on inflammatory response. MATERIALS AND METHODS Anti-inflammatory effects of MCXB were examined in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 and BV2 cells. We observed their anti-inflammatory effects by ELISA, western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence. RESULTS MCXB significantly inhibited the LPS-stimulated production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in RAW264.7 and BV2 cells. MCXB also reduced the LPS-induced expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 proteins. Incubating cells with MCXB prevented subsequent activation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway by inhibiting the nuclear localization and DNA-binding activity of the p65 subunit induced by LPS. MCXB inhibited the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in RAW264.7 and BV2 cells. MCXB induced the expression of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 protein, and the inhibitory effect of MCXB on nitric oxide production was partially reversed by a selective HO-1 inhibitor. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that the anti-inflammatory effect of MCXB is partly regulated by HO-1 induction. In conclusion, MCXB could be a useful candidate for the development of therapeutic and preventive agents to treat inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonmin Ko
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan-Woo Kim
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhiming Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Linsha Dong
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Su Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Chul Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuncheol Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Sung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sam Cheol Kim
- Department of Family Practice and Community Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Kurniawan YS, Priyangga KTA, Jumina, Pranowo HD, Sholikhah EN, Zulkarnain AK, Fatimi HA, Julianus J. An Update on the Anticancer Activity of Xanthone Derivatives: A Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:1144. [PMID: 34832926 PMCID: PMC8625896 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The annual number of cancer deaths continues increasing every day; thus, it is urgent to search for and find active, selective, and efficient anticancer drugs as soon as possible. Among the available anticancer drugs, almost all of them contain heterocyclic moiety in their chemical structure. Xanthone is a heterocyclic compound with a dibenzo-γ-pyrone framework and well-known to have "privileged structures" for anticancer activities against several cancer cell lines. The wide anticancer activity of xanthones is produced by caspase activation, RNA binding, DNA cross-linking, as well as P-gp, kinase, aromatase, and topoisomerase inhibition. This anticancer activity depends on the type, number, and position of the attached functional groups in the xanthone skeleton. This review discusses the recent advances in the anticancer activity of xanthone derivatives, both from natural products isolation and synthesis methods, as the anticancer agent through in vitro, in vivo, and clinical assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehezkiel Steven Kurniawan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia; (Y.S.K.); (K.T.A.P.); (H.D.P.)
| | - Krisfian Tata Aneka Priyangga
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia; (Y.S.K.); (K.T.A.P.); (H.D.P.)
| | - Jumina
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia; (Y.S.K.); (K.T.A.P.); (H.D.P.)
| | - Harno Dwi Pranowo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia; (Y.S.K.); (K.T.A.P.); (H.D.P.)
| | - Eti Nurwening Sholikhah
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia;
| | - Abdul Karim Zulkarnain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia; (A.K.Z.); (H.A.F.)
| | - Hana Anisa Fatimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia; (A.K.Z.); (H.A.F.)
| | - Jeffry Julianus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sanata Dharma, Yogyakarta 55282, Indonesia;
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Choi BR, Kim HG, Ko W, Dong L, Yoon D, Oh SM, Lee YS, Lee DS, Baek NI, Lee DY. Noble 3,4-Seco-triterpenoid Glycosides from the Fruits of Acanthopanax sessiliflorus and Their Anti-Neuroinflammatory Effects. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091334. [PMID: 34572966 PMCID: PMC8466647 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acanthopanax sessiliflorus (Araliaceae) have been reported to exhibit many pharmacological activities. Our preliminary study suggested that A. sessiliflorus fruits include many bioactive 3,4-seco-triterpenoids. A. sessiliflorus fruits were extracted in aqueous EtOH and fractionated into EtOAc, n-BuOH, and H2O fractions. Repeated column chromatographies for the organic fractions led to the isolation of 3,4-seco-triterpenoid glycosides, including new compounds. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) mass spectrometry (MS) systems were used for quantitation and quantification. BV2 and RAW264.7 cells were induced by LPS, and the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators and their underlying mechanisms were measured by ELISA and Western blotting. NMR, IR, and HR-MS analyses revealed the chemical structures of the nine noble 3,4-seco-triterpenoid glycosides, acanthosessilioside G–O, and two known ones. The amounts of the compounds were 0.01–2.806 mg/g, respectively. Acanthosessilioside K, L, and M were the most effective in inhibiting NO, PGE2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 production and reducing iNOS and COX-2 expression. In addition, it had inhibitory effects on the LPS-induced p38 and ERK MAPK phosphorylation in both BV2 and RAW264.7 cells. Nine noble 3,4-seco-triterpenoid glycosides were isolated from A. sessiliflorus fruits, and acanthosessilioside K, L, and M showed high anti-inflammatory and anti-neuroinflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Ram Choi
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong 27709, Korea; (B.-R.C.); (D.Y.); (S.M.O.); (Y.-S.L.)
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (H.-G.K.); (N.-I.B.)
| | - Hyoung-Geun Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (H.-G.K.); (N.-I.B.)
| | - Wonmin Ko
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (W.K.); (L.D.); (D.-S.L.)
| | - Linsha Dong
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (W.K.); (L.D.); (D.-S.L.)
| | - Dahye Yoon
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong 27709, Korea; (B.-R.C.); (D.Y.); (S.M.O.); (Y.-S.L.)
| | - Seon Min Oh
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong 27709, Korea; (B.-R.C.); (D.Y.); (S.M.O.); (Y.-S.L.)
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (H.-G.K.); (N.-I.B.)
| | - Young-Seob Lee
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong 27709, Korea; (B.-R.C.); (D.Y.); (S.M.O.); (Y.-S.L.)
| | - Dong-Sung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (W.K.); (L.D.); (D.-S.L.)
| | - Nam-In Baek
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (H.-G.K.); (N.-I.B.)
| | - Dae Young Lee
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong 27709, Korea; (B.-R.C.); (D.Y.); (S.M.O.); (Y.-S.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-43-871-5781
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Ko W, Kim N, Lee H, Woo ER, Kim YC, Oh H, Lee DS. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Compounds from Cudrania tricuspidata in HaCaT Human Keratinocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147472. [PMID: 34299094 PMCID: PMC8303187 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The root bark of Cudrania tricuspidata has been reported to have anti-sclerotic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, and cytotoxic activities. In the present study, the effect of 16 compounds from C. tricuspidata on tumor necrosis factor-α+interferon-γ-treated HaCaT cells were investigated. Among these 16 compounds, 11 decreased IL-6 production and 15 decreased IL-8 production. The six most effective compounds, namely, steppogenin (2), cudraflavone C (6), macluraxanthone B (12), 1,6,7-trihydroxy-2-(1,1-dimethyl-2-propenyl)-3- methoxyxanthone (13), cudraflavanone B (4), and cudratricusxanthone L (14), were selected for further experiments. These six compounds decreased the expression levels of chemokines, such as regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) and thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC), and downregulated the protein expression levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1. Compounds 2, 6, 12, 4, and 14 inhibited nuclear factor-kappa B p65 translocation to the nucleus; however, compound 13 showed no significant effects. In addition, extracellular signal regulatory kinase-1/2 phosphorylation was only inhibited by compound 14, whereas p38 phosphorylation was inhibited by compounds 13 and 4. Taken together, the compounds from C. tricuspidata showed potential to be further developed as therapeutic agents to suppress inflammation in skin cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonmin Ko
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (W.K.); (N.K.); (H.L.); (E.-R.W.)
| | - Nayeon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (W.K.); (N.K.); (H.L.); (E.-R.W.)
| | - Hwan Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (W.K.); (N.K.); (H.L.); (E.-R.W.)
| | - Eun-Rhan Woo
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (W.K.); (N.K.); (H.L.); (E.-R.W.)
| | - Youn-Chul Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (Y.-C.K.); (H.O.)
| | - Hyuncheol Oh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (Y.-C.K.); (H.O.)
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea
| | - Dong-Sung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (W.K.); (N.K.); (H.L.); (E.-R.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-62-230-6386; Fax: +82-62-222-5414
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Lee W, Ku SK, Kim TI, Kim EN, Park EK, Jeong GS, Bae JS. Inhibitory effects of cudratricusxanthone O on particulate matter-induced pulmonary injury. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2021; 31:271-284. [PMID: 31407590 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2019.1652252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5), aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm, is the primary air pollutant that plays the key role for lung injury resulted from the loss of vascular barrier integrity. Cudratricusxanthone O (CTXO) is a novel xanthone compound isolated from the root of Cudrania tricuspidata Bureau. Here, we investigated the beneficial effects of CTXO against PM-induced lung endothelial cell (EC) barrier disruption and pulmonary inflammation. Permeability, leukocyte migration, activation of proinflammatory proteins, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and histology were examined in PM2.5-treated ECs and mice. CTXO significantly scavenged PM2.5-induced ROS and inhibited the ROS-induced activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Concurrently, CTXO activated Akt, which helped maintain endothelial integrity. Furthermore, CTXO reduced vascular protein leakage, leukocyte infiltration, and proinflammatory cytokine release in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in PM-induced lung tissues. These results indicated that CTXO may exhibit protective effects against PM-induced inflammatory lung injury and vascular hyperpermeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonhwa Lee
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) , Deajeon, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Kwang Ku
- Department of Histology and Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University , Gyeongsan-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae In Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University , Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine , Dong-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Nam Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University , Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Kyun Park
- Department of Pathology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Gil-Saeng Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University , Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Long GQ, Hu GS, Gao XX, Jia JM, Wang AH. Sophoranone A and B: two new cytotoxic prenylated metabolites and their analogs from the root bark of Sophora flavescens. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:1515-1521. [PMID: 33678085 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1894562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sophora flavescens Ait. has been utilized as an anticarcinogen, antibacterial and insecticide. Two new prenylflavonoids, Sophoflavonoid A (1) and Sophoflavonoid B (2), together with four known analogues were isolated from the root bark of S. flavescens. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by the interpretation of spectroscopic data and chemical evidence. Their absolute configurations were determined by ECD analysis. The inhibitory effects of compounds 1-6 against three lung carcinoma cells were determined using the MTT assay. The results revealed that compound 3 displayed strong cytotoxic effect against H460 cell line (IC50, 4.67 μM), while compounds 1, 4-6 exhibited significant inhibitory effects against three tumor cells. Therefore, this study suggests that the isopentenyl flavonoid-rich products of S. flavescens, including the new compounds, could be valuable candidates for the development of pharmaceuticals in the prevention and treatment for tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qing Long
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Gao-Sheng Hu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Xu Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Ming Jia
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - An-Hua Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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Proença C, Ribeiro D, Freitas M, Carvalho F, Fernandes E. A comprehensive review on the antidiabetic activity of flavonoids targeting PTP1B and DPP-4: a structure-activity relationship analysis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:4095-4151. [PMID: 33554619 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1872483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is an expanding global health problem, resulting from defects in insulin secretion and/or insulin resistance. In the past few years, both protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), as well as their role in T2D, have attracted the attention of the scientific community. PTP1B plays an important role in insulin resistance and is currently one of the most promising targets for the treatment of T2D, since no available PTP1B inhibitors were still approved. DPP-4 inhibitors are among the most recent agents used in the treatment of T2D (although its use has been associated with possible cardiovascular adverse events). The antidiabetic properties of flavonoids are well-recognized, and include inhibitory effects on the above enzymes, although hitherto not therapeutically explored. In the present study, a comprehensive review of the literature of both synthetic and natural isolated flavonoids as inhibitors of PTP1B and DPP-4 activities is made, including their type of inhibition and experimental conditions, and structure-activity relationship, covering a total of 351 compounds. We intend to provide the most favorable chemical features of flavonoids for the inhibition of PTP1B and DPP-4, gathering information for the future development of compounds with improved potential as T2D therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Proença
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela Ribeiro
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marisa Freitas
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Félix Carvalho
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Kim EN, Lee HS, Jeong GS. Cudratricusxanthone O Inhibits H 2O 2-Induced Cell Damage by Activating Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway in Human Chondrocytes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090788. [PMID: 32854434 PMCID: PMC7555960 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint degenerative disease induced by oxidative stress in chondrocytes. Although induced-heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has been found to protect cells against oxygen radical damage, little information is available regarding the use of bioactive compounds from natural sources for regulating the HO-1 pathway to treat OA. In this study, we explored the inhibitory effects of cudratricusxanthone O (CTO) isolated from the Maclura tricuspidata Bureau (Moraceae) on H2O2-induced damage of SW1353 chondrocytes via regulation of the HO-1 pathway. CTO promoted HO-1 expression by enhancing the translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) into the nucleus without inducing toxicity. Pretreatment with CTO-regulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by inducing expression of antioxidant enzymes in H2O2-treated cells and maintained the functions of H2O2-damaged chondrocytes. Furthermore, CTO prevented H2O2-induced apoptosis by regulating the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins. Treatment with the HO-1 inhibitor tin-protoporphyrin IX revealed that these protective effects were exerted due to an increase in HO-1 expression induced by CTO. In conclusion, CTO protects chondrocytes from H2O2-induced damages-including ROS accumulation, dysfunction, and apoptosis through activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in chondrocytes and, therefore, is a potential therapeutic agent for OA treatment.
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Ko W, Kim KW, Quang TH, Yoon CS, Kim N, Lee H, Kim SC, Woo ER, Kim YC, Oh H, Lee DS. Cudraflavanone B Isolated from the Root Bark of Cudrania tricuspidata Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Responses by Downregulating NF-κB and ERK MAPK Signaling Pathways in RAW264.7 Macrophages and BV2 Microglia. Inflammation 2020; 44:104-115. [PMID: 32766955 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01312-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A prenylated flavonoid, cudraflavanone B, is isolated from Cudrania tricuspidata. In this study, we investigated its anti-inflammatory and anti-neuroinflammatory effects in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 and BV2 cells. In our initial study of the anti-inflammatory effects of cudraflavanone B the production of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 was attenuated in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 and BV2 cells. These inhibitory effects were related to the downregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2. In addition, cudraflavanone B suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α in LPS-induced RAW264.7 and BV2 cells. Moreover, the evaluation of the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of cudraflavanone B revealed that the compound attenuated the nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway in LPS-induced RAW264.7 and BV2 cells. In addition, cudraflavanone B inhibited the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways in these LPS-stimulated cells. Thus, cudraflavanone B suppressed nuclear factor-κB, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase mitogen-activated protein kinase mediated inflammatory pathways, demonstrating its potential in the treatment of neuroinflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonmin Ko
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan-Woo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Tran Hong Quang
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Chi-Su Yoon
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayeon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Sam-Cheol Kim
- Department of Family Practice and Community Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Rhan Woo
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Chul Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuncheol Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Sung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Ko W, Yoon CS, Kim KW, Lee H, Kim N, Woo ER, Kim YC, Kang DG, Lee HS, Oh H, Lee DS. Neuroprotective and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Kuwanon C from Cudrania tricuspidata Are Mediated by Heme Oxygenase-1 in HT22 Hippocampal Cells, RAW264.7 Macrophage, and BV2 Microglia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144839. [PMID: 32650596 PMCID: PMC7402286 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO)-1 is a detoxifying phase II enzyme that plays a role in both inflammatory and oxidative stress responses. Curdrania tricuspidata is widespread throughout East Asia and is used as a therapeutic agent in traditional medicine. We investigated whether treatment with sixteen flavonoid or xanthone compounds from C. tricuspidata could induce HO-1 expression in HT22 hippocampal cells, RAW264.7 macrophage, and BV2 microglia. In these compounds, kuwanon C showed the most remarkable HO-1 expression effects. In addition, treatment with kuwanon C reduced cytoplasmic nuclear erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) expression and increased Nrf2 expression in the nucleus. Significant inhibition of glutamate-induced oxidative injury and induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) occurred when HT22 hippocampal cells were pretreated with kuwanon C. The levels of inflammatory mediator and cytokine, which increased following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, were suppressed in RAW264.7 macrophage and BV2 microglia after kuwanon C pretreatment. Kuwanon C also attenuated p65 DNA binding and translocation into the nucleus in LPS-induced RAW264.7 and BV2 cells. The anti-inflammatory, anti-neuroinflammatory, and neuroprotective effects of kuwanon C were reversed when co-treatment with HO-1 inhibitor of tin protoporphyrin-IX (SnPP). These results suggest that the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of kuwanon C are regulated by HO-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonmin Ko
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (W.K.); (H.L.); (N.K.); (E.-R.W.)
| | - Chi-Su Yoon
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (C.-S.Y.); (K.-W.K.); (Y.-C.K.); (H.O.)
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (D.G.K.); (H.S.L.)
| | - Kwan-Woo Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (C.-S.Y.); (K.-W.K.); (Y.-C.K.); (H.O.)
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (D.G.K.); (H.S.L.)
| | - Hwan Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (W.K.); (H.L.); (N.K.); (E.-R.W.)
| | - Nayeon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (W.K.); (H.L.); (N.K.); (E.-R.W.)
| | - Eun-Rhan Woo
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (W.K.); (H.L.); (N.K.); (E.-R.W.)
| | - Youn-Chul Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (C.-S.Y.); (K.-W.K.); (Y.-C.K.); (H.O.)
| | - Dae Gill Kang
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (D.G.K.); (H.S.L.)
| | - Ho Sub Lee
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (D.G.K.); (H.S.L.)
| | - Hyuncheol Oh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (C.-S.Y.); (K.-W.K.); (Y.-C.K.); (H.O.)
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (D.G.K.); (H.S.L.)
| | - Dong-Sung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (W.K.); (H.L.); (N.K.); (E.-R.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-62-230-6386; Fax: +82-62-222-5414
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Arthur DE, Ejeh S, Uzairu A. Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) and design of novel ligands that demonstrate high potency and target selectivity as protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP 1B) inhibitors as an effective strategy used to model anti-diabetic agents. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2020; 40:501-520. [PMID: 32397858 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2020.1759092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes and obesity have increased dramatically in recent decades worldwide. Diabetes mainly emerged as a major health care burden disease in both the US and other industrialized countries, among which type II diabetes is the most common. Discovering new and effective treatments for diabetes is currently a high international health priority. In the present study a computational technique was used to model 97 compounds with PTP-1B inhibitory activity, in order to demonstrate the Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) of these compounds a genetic function approximation (GFA) algorithm was applied to pick the best descriptors and multiple linear regression (MLR) was used to establish a relationship between the PTP-1B inhibitory activity of these compounds and the best molecular descriptors. This QSAR study allowed investigating the influence of very simple and easy-to-compute descriptors in determining biological activities, which shed light on the key factors that aid in the design of novel potent molecules using computer-aided drug design tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ebuka Arthur
- Department of Chemistry, ABU zaria, Baze University, Abuja, Nigeria.,Baze University, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Abuja, Nigeria
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Xu QN, Zhu D, Wang GH, Lin T, Sun CL, Ding R, Tian WJ, Chen HF. Phenolic glycosides and flavonoids with antioxidant and anticancer activities from Desmodium caudatum. Nat Prod Res 2020; 35:4534-4541. [PMID: 32162979 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1739044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Descaudatine A (1), an undescribed phenolic glycoside, along with a known analogue (2) and ten flavonoids (3-12), were isolated from the whole plant of Desmodium caudatum. Compounds 1 and 4 exhibited potent antioxidant activities with the IC50 of 58.59 μM and 31.31 μM, respectively, which were approached to that of the positive control Vitamin C (IC50 = 46.32 μM). Meanwhile, 12 showed moderate antioxidant activity with the IC50 of 173.9 μM. Besides, compounds 3 and 6 inhibited the proliferation of HeLa cells with IC50 values of 56.14 μM and 69.04 μM, respectively. Further studies indicated that 3 and 6 could dose-dependently induce PARP cleavage and might trigger caspase-3, 8, 9 activation to induce apoptosis. RXRα is an ideal anticancer target of nuclear receptor. The reporter gene assay of RXRα indicated that 3 and 6 could inhibited the 9-cis-RA induced RXRα transcription in a concentration-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Nan Xu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Hui Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Cui-Ling Sun
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Ding
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jing Tian
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Feng Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
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Yang L, Lin YM, He ZW, Zhang TF, Li Y, Xie XT, Wu YF, He JW. Hostaflavanol A, a new anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities flavanol from the flowers of Hosta plantaginea. Med Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-019-02491-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Antioxidant Nature Adds Further Therapeutic Value: An Updated Review on Natural Xanthones and Their Glycosides. DIGITAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dcmed.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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Xu J, Yang L, Wang R, Zeng K, Fan B, Zhao Z. The biflavonoids as protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitors from Selaginella uncinata and their antihyperglycemic action. Fitoterapia 2019; 137:104255. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2019.104255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Eleftheriou P, Geronikaki A, Petrou A. PTP1b Inhibition, A Promising Approach for the Treatment of Diabetes Type II. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:246-263. [PMID: 30714526 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190201152153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes Mellitus (DM), is a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels. The main types of diabetes mellitus are Diabetes mellitus type I, Diabetes mellitus type II, gestational diabetes and Diabetes of other etiology. Diabetes type II, the Non Insulin Dependent Type (NIDDM) is the most common type, characterized by the impairment in activation of the intracellular mechanism leading to the insertion and usage of glucose after interaction of insulin with its receptor, known as insulin resistance. Although, a number of drugs have been developed for the treatment of diabetes type II, their ability to reduce blood glucose levels is limited, while several side effects are also observed. Furthermore, none of the market drugs targets the enhancement of the action of the intracellular part of insulin receptor or recuperation of the glucose transport mechanism in GLUT4 dependent cells. The Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (PTP1b) is the main enzyme involved in insulin receptor desensitization and has become a drug target for the treatment of Diabetes type II. Several PTP1b inhibitors have already been found, interacting with the binding site of the enzyme, surrounding the catalytic amino acid Cys215 and the neighboring area or with the allosteric site of the enzyme, placed at a distance of 20 Å from the active site, around Phe280. However, the research continues for finding more potent inhibitors with increased cell permeability and specificity. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to show the attempts made in developing of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (PTP1b) inhibitors with high potency, selectivity and bioavailability and to sum up the indications for favorable structural characteristics of effective PTP1b inhibitors. METHODS The methods used include a literature survey and the use of Protein Structure Databanks such as PuBMed Structure and RCSB and the tools they provide. CONCLUSION The research for finding PTP1b inhibitors started with the design of molecules mimicking the Tyrosine substrate of the enzyme. The study revealed that an aromatic ring connected to a polar group, which preferably enables hydrogen bond formation, is the minimum requirement for small inhibitors binding to the active site surrounding Cys215. Molecules bearing two hydrogen bond donor/acceptor (Hb d/a) groups at a distance of 8.5-11.5 Å may form more stable complexes, interacting simultaneously with a secondary area A2. Longer molecules with two Hb d/a groups at a distance of 17 Å or 19 Å may enable additional interactions with secondary sites (B and C) that confer stability as well as specificity. An aromatic ring linked to polar or Hb d/a moieties is also required for allosteric inhibitors. A lower distance between Hb d/a moieties, around 7.5 Å may favor allosteric interaction. Permanent inhibition of the enzyme by oxidation of the catalytic Cys215 has also been referred. Moreover, covalent modification of Cys121, placed near but not inside the catalytic pocket has been associated with permanent inhibition of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phaedra Eleftheriou
- Department of Medical Laboratory Studies, School of Health and Medical Care, Alexander Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 57400, Greece
| | - Athina Geronikaki
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Anthi Petrou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
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Eleftheriou P, Therianou E, Lazari D, Dirnali S, Micha A. Docking Assisted Prediction and Biological Evaluation of Sideritis L. Components with PTP1b Inhibitory Action and Probable Anti-Diabetic Properties. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:383-392. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190219104430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The main characteristic of Diabetes type II is the impaired activation of intracellular
mechanisms triggered by the action of insulin. PTP1b is a Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase that
dephosphorylates insulin receptor causing its desensitization. Since inhibition of PTP1b may prolong
insulin receptor activity, PTP1b has become a drug target for the treatment of Diabetes II. Although a
number of inhibitors have been synthesized during the last decades, the research still continues for the
development of more effective and selective compounds. Moreover, several constituents of plants and
edible algae with PTP1b inhibitory action have been found, adding this extra activity at the pallet of
properties of the specific natural products.
Objective:
Sideritis L. (Lamiaceae) is a herbal plant growing around the Mediterranean sea which is included
in the Mediterranean diet for centuries. The present study is the continuation of a previous work
where the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the components of Sideritis L. were evaluated
and aimed to investigate the potential of some sideritis’s components to act as PTP1b inhibitors, thus
exhibiting the beneficial effect in the treatment of diabetes II.
Methods:
Docking analysis was done to predict PTP1b inhibitory action. Human recombinant PTP1b
enzyme was used for the evaluation of the PTP1b inhibitory action, while inhibition of the human LAR
and human T-cell PTP was tested for the estimation of the selectivity of the compounds.
Conclusion:
Docking analysis effectively predicted inhibition and mode of inhibitory action. According
to the experimental results, four of the components exhibited PTP1b inhibitory action. The most active
ones were acetoside, which acted as a competitive inhibitor, with an IC50 of 4 µM and lavandufolioside,
which acted as an uncompetitive inhibitor, with an IC50 of 9.3 µM. All four compounds exhibited increased
selectivity against PTP1b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phaedra Eleftheriou
- Department of Medical Laboratory Studies, School of Health and Medical Care, Alexander Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki, ATEITH Campus, Sindos, 57400, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ekaterini Therianou
- Department of Medical Laboratory Studies, School of Health and Medical Care, Alexander Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki, ATEITH Campus, Sindos, 57400, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Diamanto Lazari
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Division of Pharmacognosy-Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stavroula Dirnali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Studies, School of Health and Medical Care, Alexander Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki, ATEITH Campus, Sindos, 57400, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anna Micha
- Department of Medical Laboratory Studies, School of Health and Medical Care, Alexander Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki, ATEITH Campus, Sindos, 57400, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Li XJ, Kim KW, Oh H, Liu XQ, Kim YC. Chemical Constituents and an Antineuroinflammatory Lignan, Savinin from the Roots of Acanthopanax henryi. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2019; 2019:1856294. [PMID: 30915141 PMCID: PMC6409005 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1856294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The phytochemical investigation on the roots of Acanthopanax henryi (Araliaceae) resulted in the discovery of twenty compounds whose chemical structures were elucidated by the analysis of 1D-, 2D-NMR, mass spectrometry data, other physicochemical properties, and a comparison of the spectral data with the literature. They were identified as (-)-sesamin (1), helioxanthin (2), savinin (3), taiwanin C (4), 6-methoxy-7-hydroxycoumarin (5), behenic acid (6), 3-O-caffeoyl-quinic acid (7), 5-O-caffeoyl-quinic acid (8), 1,3-di-O-caffeoyl-quinic acid (9), 1,4-di-O-caffeoyl-quinic acid (10), 1,5-di-O-caffeoyl-quinic acid (11), (+)-threo-(7R,8R)-guaiacylglycerol-β-coniferyl aldehyde ether (12), (+)-erythro-(7S,8R)-guaiacylglycerol-β-coniferyl aldehyde ether (13), ferulic acid (14), caffeic acid (15), stigmasterol (16), β-sitosterol (17), adenosine (18), syringin (19), and trans-coniferin (20). Among these isolates, compound 3 showed inhibitory activity against lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production with IC50 values of 2.22 ± 0.11 and 2.28 ± 0.23 μM, respectively. The effects of compound 3 were associated with the suppression of LPS-induced expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein. Furthermore, compound 3 negatively regulated the production of interleukin- (IL-) 1β and tumor-necrosis factor- (TNF-) α at the transcriptional level in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. These antineuroinflammatory effects of compound 3 were mediated by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jun Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan-Woo Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuncheol Oh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiang-Qian Liu
- School of pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinses Medicine, Changsha 4102098, Hunan, China
| | - Youn-Chul Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
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Kim KW, Quang TH, Ko W, Kim DC, Yoon CS, Oh H, Kim YC. Anti-neuroinflammatory effects of cudraflavanone A isolated from the chloroform fraction of Cudrania tricuspidata root bark. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2018; 56:192-200. [PMID: 29521141 PMCID: PMC6130620 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2018.1447972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cudrania tricuspidata Bureau (Moraceae) is an important source of traditional Korean and Chinese medicines used to treat neuritis and inflammation. OBJECTIVE The anti-neuroinflammatory effects of cudraflavanone A isolated from a chloroform fraction of C. tricuspidata were investigated in LPS-induced BV2 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cudraflavanone A was isolated from the root of C. tricuspidata, and its structure was determined by MS and NMR data. Cytotoxicity of the compound was examined by MTT assay, indicating no cytotoxicity at 5-40 μM of cudraflavanone A. NO concentration was measured by the Griess reaction, and the levels of PGE2, cytokines and COX-2 enzyme activity were measured by each ELISA kit. The mRNA levels of cytokines were analysed by quantitative-PCR. The expression of iNOS, COX-2, HO-1, NF-κB, MAPKs and Nrf2 was detected by Western blot. RESULTS Cudraflavanone A had no major effect on cell viability at 40 μM indicating 91.5% viability. It reduced the production of NO (IC50 = 22.2 μM), PGE2 (IC50 = 20.6 μM), IL-1β (IC50 = 24.7 μM) and TNF-α (IC50 = 33.0 μM) in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. It also suppressed iNOS protein, IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA expression. These effects were associated with the inactivation of NF-κB, JNK and p38 MAPK pathways. This compound mediated its anti-neuroinflammatory effects by inducing HO-1 protein expression via increased nuclear translocation of Nrf2. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests a potent effect of cudraflavanone A to prevent neuroinflammatory diseases. Further investigation is necessary to elucidate specific molecular mechanism of cudraflavanone A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan-Woo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Tran Hong Quang
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Wonmin Ko
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Cheol Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Su Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuncheol Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Chul Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
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Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitors from natural sources. Arch Pharm Res 2017; 41:130-161. [PMID: 29214599 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-017-0997-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Since PTP1B enzyme was discovered in 1988, it has captured the research community's attention. This landmark discovery has stimulated numerous research studies on a variety of human diseases, including cancer, inflammation, and diabetes. Tremendous progress has been made in finding PTP1B inhibitors and exploring PTP1B regulatory mechanisms. This review investigates for the natural PTP1B inhibitors, and focuses on the common characteristics of the discovered structures and structure-activity relationships. To facilitate understanding, all the natural compounds are here divided into five different classes (fatty acids, phenolics, terpenoids, steroids, and alkaloids), according to their skeletons. These PTP1B inhibitors of scaffold structures could serve as a theoretical basis for new concept drug discovery and design.
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Steppogenin Isolated from Cudrania tricuspidata Shows Antineuroinflammatory Effects via NF-κB and MAPK Pathways in LPS-Stimulated BV2 and Primary Rat Microglial Cells. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22122130. [PMID: 29207498 PMCID: PMC6149939 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive microglial stimulation has been recognized in several neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), amyotropic lateral sclerosis (ALS), HIV-associated dementia (HAD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and stroke. When microglia are stimulated, they produce proinflammatory mediators and cytokines, including nitric oxide (NO) derived from inducible NO synthase (iNOS), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) derived from cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-12 (IL-12), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). These inflammatory reactions are related to the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Therefore, the modulation of NF-κB and MAPK is vital to prevent microglial activation and confer resistance against neuronal injury. In this study, steppogenin (1) isolated from Cudrania tricuspidata suppressed the neuroinflammatory responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Steppogenin (1) inhibited the production of proinflammatory mediators and cytokines in LPS-challenged BV2 and rat primary microglial cells. Moreover, western blot analysis and immunofluorescence revealed that the nuclear translocation of NF-κB was inhibited in LPS-induced BV2 and rat primary microglial cells. The LPS-stimulated activation of BV2 and rat primary microglial cells was inhibited by steppogenin (1) through the suppression of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 MAPK signaling. These results suggested that steppogenin (1) exerted antineuroinflammatory effects against acute neuroinflammation in BV2 and rat primary microglial cells by suppressing the activation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling and the production of proinflammatory mediators and cytokines.
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Proença C, Freitas M, Ribeiro D, Sousa JLC, Carvalho F, Silva AMS, Fernandes PA, Fernandes E. Inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B by flavonoids: A structure - activity relationship study. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 111:474-481. [PMID: 29175190 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The classical non-transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) has emerged as a key negative regulator of insulin signaling pathways that leads to insulin resistance, turning this enzyme a promising therapeutic target in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In the present work, the in vitro inhibitory activity of a panel of structurally related flavonoids, for recombinant human PTP1B was studied and the type of inhibition of the most active compounds further evaluated. The majority of the studied flavonoids was tested in this work for the first time, including flavonoid C13, which was the most potent inhibitor. It was observed that the ability to inhibit PTP1B depends on the nature, position and number of substituents in the flavonoid structure, as the presence of both 7- and 8-OBn groups in the A ring, together with the presence of both 3' and 4'-OMe groups in the B ring and the 3-OH group in the C ring; these substituents increase the flavonoids' ability to inhibit PTP1B. In conclusion, some of the tested flavonoids seem to be promising PTP1B inhibitors and potential effective agents in the management of T2DM, by increasing insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Proença
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marisa Freitas
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela Ribeiro
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana L C Sousa
- Department of Chemistry & QOPNA, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Félix Carvalho
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Artur M S Silva
- Department of Chemistry & QOPNA, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Pedro A Fernandes
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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Ruan J, Zheng C, Liu Y, Qu L, Yu H, Han L, Zhang Y, Wang T. Chemical and Biological Research on Herbal Medicines Rich in Xanthones. Molecules 2017; 22:E1698. [PMID: 29019929 PMCID: PMC6151445 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Xanthones, as some of the most active components and widely distributed in various herb medicines, have drawn more and more attention in recent years. So far, 168 species of herbal plants belong to 58 genera, 24 families have been reported to contain xanthones. Among them, Calophyllum, Cratoxylum, Cudrania, Garcinia, Gentiana, Hypericum and Swertia genera are plant resources with great development prospect. This paper summarizes the plant resources, bioactivity and the structure-activity relationships (SARs) of xanthones from references published over the last few decades, which may be useful for new drug research and development on xanthones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Ruan
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Chang Zheng
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Yanxia Liu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Lu Qu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshan Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshan Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Lifeng Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshan Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshan Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshan Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China.
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Tuan Anh HL, Tuan DT, Trang DT, Tai BH, Nhiem NX, Yen PH, Kiem PV, Minh CV, Duc TM, Kang HK, Kim YC, Kim YH. Prenylated isoflavones from Cudrania tricuspidata inhibit NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophages and suppress HL-60 cells proliferation. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2017; 19:510-518. [PMID: 27649772 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2016.1232253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitory effects of NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophages guided the isolation of nine prenylated isoflavones, including a new cudraisoflavone L (1) and eight known metabolites furowanin B (2), erysubin A (3), wighteone (4), lupalbigenin (5), laburnetin (6), isolupalbigenin (7), 6,8-diprenylorobol (8), millewanin H (9) from the leaves of Cudrania tricuspidata. At the concentration of 10 μM, compounds 1, 2, and 4 significantly inhibited NO production with the inhibitory values of 72.5 ± 2.4, 66.9 ± 1.8, and 55.4 ± 2.7%, respectively. In addition, all of isolated compounds 1-9 showed promising cytotoxic effects toward HL-60 cells (IC50 4.3 ± 0.7 to 18.0 ± 1.7 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Le Tuan Anh
- a Institute of Marine Biochemistry , Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology , Hanoi , Vietnam
| | - Do Thanh Tuan
- b Department of Biology , Thaibinh Medical University , Thaibinh , Vietnam
| | - Do Thi Trang
- a Institute of Marine Biochemistry , Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology , Hanoi , Vietnam
| | - Bui Huu Tai
- a Institute of Marine Biochemistry , Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology , Hanoi , Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Xuan Nhiem
- a Institute of Marine Biochemistry , Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology , Hanoi , Vietnam
| | - Pham Hai Yen
- a Institute of Marine Biochemistry , Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology , Hanoi , Vietnam
| | - Phan Van Kiem
- a Institute of Marine Biochemistry , Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology , Hanoi , Vietnam
| | - Chau Van Minh
- a Institute of Marine Biochemistry , Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology , Hanoi , Vietnam
| | - Tran Minh Duc
- c Department of Anatomy , Vietnam University of Traditional Medicine , Hanoi , Vietnam
| | - Hee Kyoung Kang
- d School of Medicine and Institute of Medical Science, Jeju University , Jeju 690-756 , Korea
| | - Youn Chul Kim
- e College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University , Iksan 570-749 , Korea
| | - Young Ho Kim
- f College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University , Daejeon 34134 , Korea
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Xin LT, Yue SJ, Fan YC, Wu JS, Yan D, Guan HS, Wang CY. Cudrania tricuspidata: an updated review on ethnomedicine, phytochemistry and pharmacology. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra04322h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarized the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology ofCudrania tricuspidata, and the limitations of the studies on this species were also discussed so as to serve as the basis for further research and development of this medicinal plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Ting Xin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs
- The Ministry of Education of China
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266003
| | - Shi-Jun Yue
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs
- The Ministry of Education of China
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266003
| | - Ya-Chu Fan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs
- The Ministry of Education of China
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266003
| | - Jing-Shuai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs
- The Ministry of Education of China
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266003
| | - Dan Yan
- Beijing Shijitan Hospital
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100038
- P. R. China
| | - Hua-Shi Guan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs
- The Ministry of Education of China
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266003
| | - Chang-Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs
- The Ministry of Education of China
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266003
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Yoon CS, Kim DC, Quang TH, Seo J, Kang DG, Lee HS, Oh H, Kim YC. A Prenylated Xanthone, Cudratricusxanthone A, Isolated from Cudrania tricuspidata Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammation through Inhibition of NF-κB and p38 MAPK Pathways in BV2 Microglia. Molecules 2016; 21:E1240. [PMID: 27649130 PMCID: PMC6272989 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21091240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cudrania tricuspidata Bureau (Moraceae) is an important source of traditional Korean and Chinese medicines used to treat neuritis and inflammation. Cudratricusxanthone A (1), a prenylated xanthone, isolated from C. tricuspidata, has a variety of biological and therapeutic activities. The goal of this study was to examine the effects of compound 1 on neuroinflammation and characterize its mechanism of action in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglia. Cudratricusxanthone A (1) suppressed the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 enzymes and decreased the production of iNOS-derived nitric oxide and COX-2-derived prostaglandin E2 in LPS-stimulated mouse BV2 microglia. The compound also decreased tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-12 production; inhibited the phosphorylation and degradation of IκB-α; and blocked the nuclear translocation of p50 and p65 in mouse BV2 microglia induced by LPS. Cudratricusxanthone A (1) had inhibitory effects on nuclear factor kappa B DNA-binding activity. Additionally, it inhibited the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Our data suggests that cudratricusxanthone A (1) may be a useful therapeutic agent in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases caused by neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Su Yoon
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea.
| | - Dong-Cheol Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea.
| | - Tran Hong Quang
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
| | - Jungwon Seo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea.
| | - Dae Gill Kang
- Hanbang Body-Fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea.
| | - Ho Sub Lee
- Hanbang Body-Fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea.
| | - Hyuncheol Oh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea.
| | - Youn-Chul Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea.
- Hanbang Body-Fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea.
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Genovese S, Fiorito S, Taddeo VA, Epifano F. Recent developments in the pharmacology of prenylated xanthones. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:1814-1819. [PMID: 27596926 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Prenylated xanthones are secondary metabolites that are particularly common in plants belonging to the Clusiaceae family. Such compounds have been the focus intensive research because of their potential as biologically active agents. Here, we survey data published over the past decade relating to the properties of prenylated xanthones to provide a more detailed view of the potential of these naturally occurring compounds as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Genovese
- Department of Pharmacy, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti Scalo (CH), Italy
| | - Serena Fiorito
- Department of Pharmacy, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti Scalo (CH), Italy
| | - Vito Alessandro Taddeo
- Department of Pharmacy, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti Scalo (CH), Italy
| | - Francesco Epifano
- Department of Pharmacy, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti Scalo (CH), Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Richomme
- EA921 SONAS, SFR4207 QUASAV, Campus du vegetal, University of Angers, 49070 Beaucouzé, France.
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Aragonès G, Ardid-Ruiz A, Ibars M, Suárez M, Bladé C. Modulation of leptin resistance by food compounds. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:1789-803. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Aragonès
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; Nutrigenomics Research Group; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
| | - Andrea Ardid-Ruiz
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; Nutrigenomics Research Group; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
| | - Maria Ibars
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; Nutrigenomics Research Group; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
| | - Manuel Suárez
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; Nutrigenomics Research Group; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
| | - Cinta Bladé
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; Nutrigenomics Research Group; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
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Prenylated Flavonoids from Cudrania tricuspidata Suppress Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammatory Activities in BV2 Microglial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:255. [PMID: 26907256 PMCID: PMC4783984 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17020255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In Korea and China, Cudrania tricuspidata Bureau (Moraceae) is an important traditional medicinal plant used to treat lumbago, hemoptysis, and contusions. The C. tricuspidata methanol extract suppressed both production of NO and PGE2 in BV2 microglial cells. Cudraflavanone D (1), isolated from this extract, remarkably suppressed the protein expression of inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2, and decreased the levels of NO and PGE2 in BV2 microglial cells exposed to lipopolysaccharide. Cudraflavanone D (1) also decreased IL-6, TNF-α, IL-12, and IL-1β production, blocked nuclear translocation of NF-κB heterodimers (p50 and p65) by interrupting the degradation and phosphorylation of inhibitor of IκB-α, and inhibited NF-κB binding. In addition, cudraflavanone D (1) suppressed the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 MAPK pathways. This study indicated that cudraflavanone D (1) can be a potential drug candidate for the cure of neuroinflammation.
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