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Muhammad I, Ullah F, Ahmad S, AlMunqedhi BM, Al Farraj DA, Elshikh MS, Shen W. A meta-analysis of photosynthetic efficiency and stress mitigation by melatonin in enhancing wheat tolerance. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:427. [PMID: 38769501 PMCID: PMC11106942 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05132-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our meta-analysis examines the effects of melatonin on wheat under varying abiotic stress conditions, focusing on photosynthetic parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence, leaf water status, and photosynthetic pigments. We initially collected 177 publications addressing the impact of melatonin on wheat. After meticulous screening, 31 published studies were selected, encompassing 170 observations on photosynthetic parameters, 73 on chlorophyll fluorescence, 65 on leaf water status, 240 on photosynthetic pigments. RESULTS The analysis revealed significant heterogeneity across studies (I² > 99.90%) for the aforementioned parameters and evidence of publication bias, emphasizing the complex interaction between melatonin application and plant physiological responses. Melatonin enhanced the overall response ratio (lnRR) for photosynthetic rates, stomatal conductance, transpiration rates, and fluorescence yields by 20.49, 22.39, 30.96, and 1.09%, respectively, compared to the control (no melatonin). The most notable effects were under controlled environmental conditions. Moreover, melatonin significantly improved leaf water content and reduced water potential, particularly under hydroponic conditions and varied abiotic stresses, highlighting its role in mitigating water stress. The analysis also revealed increases in chlorophyll pigments with soil drenching and foliar spray, and these were considered the effective application methods. Furthermore, melatonin influenced chlorophyll SPAD and intercellular CO2 concentrations, suggesting its capacity to optimize photosynthetic efficiency. CONCLUSIONS This synthesis of meta-analysis confirms that melatonin significantly enhances wheat's resilience to abiotic stress by improving photosynthetic parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence, leaf water status, and photosynthetic pigments. Despite observed heterogeneity and publication bias, the consistent beneficial effects of melatonin, particularly under controlled conditions with specific application methods e.g. soil drenching and foliar spray, demonstrate its utility as a plant growth regulator for stress management. These findings encourage focused research and application strategies to maximize the benefits of melatonin in wheat farming, and thus contributing to sustainable agricultural practices.
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Grants
- RSP2024R190 Researchers supporting project, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- RSP2024R190 Researchers supporting project, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- RSP2024R190 Researchers supporting project, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- 32271847 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 31425005 Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province
- A3360051012 Guangxi Science and Technology Base and Talent Special Project, and the Junwu Scholarship of Guangxi University
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihsan Muhammad
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Rd., Xixiangtang District, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Fahim Ullah
- Department of Plant Breading and Genetics, The University of Agriculture Swat, Swat, Pakistan
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Bandar M AlMunqedhi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dunia A Al Farraj
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Weijun Shen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Rd., Xixiangtang District, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China.
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Li S, Liu Y, Wang Z, Liu T, Li X, Zhang P. Integrating Chlorophyll a Fluorescence and Enzymatic Profiling to Reveal the Wheat Responses to Nano-ZnO Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3808. [PMID: 38005705 PMCID: PMC10674517 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
It has been shown that increased concentrations of zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano-ZnO) in the soil are harmful to plant growth. However, the sensitivity of different wheat cultivars to nano-ZnO stress is still unclear. To detect the physiological response process of wheat varieties with different tolerance to nano-ZnO stress, four wheat cultivars (viz., cv. TS1, ZM18, JM22, and LM6) with different responses to nano-ZnO stress were selected, depending on previous nano-ZnO stress trials with 120 wheat cultivars in China. The results found that nano-ZnO exposure reduced chlorophyll concentrations and photosynthetic electron transport efficiency, along with the depressed carbohydrate metabolism enzyme activities, and limited plant growth. Meanwhile, the genotypic variation in photosynthetic carbon assimilation under nano-ZnO stress was found in wheat plants. Wheat cv. JM22 and LM6 possessed relatively lower Zn concentrations and higher leaf nitrogen per area, less reductions in their net photosynthetic rate, a maximum quantum yield of the PS II (Fv/Fm), electron transport flux per cross-section (ETo/CSm), trapped energy flux per cross-section (TRo/CSm), and total soluble sugar and sucrose concentrations under nano-ZnO stress, showing a better tolerance to nano-ZnO stress than wheat cv. TS1 and ZM18. In addition, the chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters Fv/Fm, ETo/CSm, and TRo/CSm could be used to rapidly screen wheat varieties resistant to nano-ZnO stress. The results here provide a new approach for solving the issues of crop yield decline in regions polluted by heavy metal nanoparticles and promoting the sustainable utilization of farmland with heavy metal pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengdong Li
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (S.L.); (Z.W.)
| | - Yujia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; (Y.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Zongshuai Wang
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (S.L.); (Z.W.)
| | - Tianhao Liu
- Engineering Laboratory for Ecoagriculture in Water Source of Liaoheyuan, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Liaoyuan 136200, China;
| | - Xiangnan Li
- Key Laboratory of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; (Y.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; (Y.L.); (X.L.)
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Zhou C, Zhang J, Miao P, Dong Q, Lin Y, Li D, Pan C. Novel Finding on How Melatonin and Nanoselenium Alleviate 2,4-D Butylate Stress in Wheat Plants. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:12943-12957. [PMID: 37622422 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Nanoselenium (nano-Se) or melatonin (MT) foliar spray reduces pesticide stress by stimulating plant secondary metabolism and antioxidant capacity. However, the effects of nano-Se and MT biofortification on the interaction between plant secondary metabolic pathways and rhizosphere microbes in mitigating 2,4-D butyrate stress remain unknown. Compared to nano-Se or MT treatment alone, nano-Se and MT combined application increased the antioxidant enzyme activities and decreased the MDA (25.0%) and H2O2 (39.3%) contents with 2,4-D butylate exposure. Importantly, they enhance the soil enzymes (S-FDA by 53.1%), allelochemicals (luteolin by 164.1% and tricin by 147.3%), as well as plant secondary metabolites (JA by 63.3% and 193.3% in leaves and roots) levels. It also improved the beneficial microbial abundance of Comamonadaceae, Sphingomonadaceae, and Rhodobacteraceae in the rhizosphere soil. In conclusion, nano-Se and MT alleviate 2,4-D butylate stress in wheat plants by enabling the interaction between rhizosphere microorganisms, allelopathic substances, and secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunran Zhou
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Jingbang Zhang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Peijuan Miao
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Qinyong Dong
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Yongxi Lin
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Dong Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, P. R. China
| | - Canping Pan
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
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Karumannil S, Khan TA, Kappachery S, Gururani MA. Impact of Exogenous Melatonin Application on Photosynthetic Machinery under Abiotic Stress Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2948. [PMID: 37631160 PMCID: PMC10458501 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Inhospitable conditions that hinder plant growth and development encompass a range of abiotic stresses, such as drought, extreme temperatures (both low and high), salinity, exposure to heavy metals, and irradiation. The cumulative impact of these stresses leads to a considerable reduction in agricultural productivity worldwide. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a shared mechanism of toxicity induced by all these abiotic stimuli in plants, resulting in oxidative damage and membrane instability. Extensive research has shed light on the dual role of melatonin in plants, where it serves as both a growth regulator, fostering growth and development, and a potent protector against abiotic stresses. The inherent potential of melatonin to function as a natural antioxidant positions it as a promising biostimulant for agricultural use, bolstering plants' abilities to withstand a wide array of environmental challenges. Beyond its antioxidant properties, melatonin has demonstrated its capacity to regulate the expression of genes associated with the photosynthetic process. This additional characteristic enhances its appeal as a versatile chemical agent that can be exogenously applied to plants, particularly in adverse conditions, to improve their resilience and optimize photosynthetic efficiency in every phase of the plant life cycle. An examination of the molecular mechanisms underlying the stress-protective effects of exogenous melatonin on the photosynthetic machinery of plants under various abiotic stresses is presented in this paper. In addition, future prospects are discussed for developing stress-tolerant crops for sustainable agriculture in challenging environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mayank Anand Gururani
- Biology Department, College of Science, UAE University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
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Raja V, Qadir SU, Kumar N, Alsahli AA, Rinklebe J, Ahmad P. Melatonin and strigolactone mitigate chromium toxicity through modulation of ascorbate-glutathione pathway and gene expression in tomato. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 201:107872. [PMID: 37478726 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) is considered one of the most hazardous metal contaminant reducing crop production and putting human health at risk. Phytohormones are known to regulate chromium stress, however, the function of melatonin and strigolactones in Chromium stress tolerance in tomato is rarely investigated. Here we investigated the potential role of melatonin (ML) and strigolactone (SL) on mitigating Chromium toxicity in tomato. With exposure to 300 μM Cr stress a remarkable decline in growth (63.01%), biomass yield (50.25)%, Pigment content (24.32%), photosynthesis, gas exchange and Physico-biochemical attributes of tomato was observed. Cr treatment also resulted in oxidative stress closely associated with higher H2O2 generation (215.66%), Lipid peroxidation (50.29%), electrolyte leakage (440.01%) and accumulation of osmolytes like proline and glycine betine. Moreover, Cr toxicity up-regulated the transcriptional expression profiles of antioxidant, stress related and metal transporter genes and down-regulated the genes related to photosynthesis. The application of ML and SL alleviated the Cr induced phytotoxic effects on photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange parameters and restored growth of tomato plants. ML and SL supplementation induced plant defense system via enhanced regulation of antioxidant enzymes, ascorbate and glutathione pool and transcriptional regulation of several genes. The coordinated regulation of antioxidant and glyoxalase systems expressively suppressed the oxidative stress. Hence, ML and SL application might be considered as an effective approach for minimizing Cr uptake and its detrimental effects in tomato plants grown in contaminated soils. The study may also provide new insights into the role of transcriptional regulation in the protection against heavy metal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaseem Raja
- University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Sami Ullah Qadir
- Department of Environmental Sciences Govt. Degree College for Women, Udhampur, 182101, India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water and Waste Management, Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany, GDC, Pulwama, 192301, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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Awan SA, Khan I, Rizwan M, Irshad MA, Xiaosan W, Zhang X, Huang L. Reduction in the cadmium (Cd) accumulation and toxicity in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) by regulating physio-biochemical and antioxidant defense system via soil and foliar application of melatonin. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 328:121658. [PMID: 37075919 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is among the toxic pollutants that harms the both animals and plants. The natural antioxidant, melatonin can improve Cd-stress tolerance but its potential role in reducing Cd stress and resilience mechanisms in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) is remain unclear. The present study suggests that Cd causes severe oxidative damage by decreasing photosynthesis, and increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde content (MDA), and Cd content in different parts of pearl millet. However, exogenous melatonin (soil application and foliar treatment) mitigated the Cd toxicity and enhanced the growth, antioxidant defense system, and differentially regulated the expression of antioxidant-responsive genes i. e superoxide dismutase SOD-[Fe] 2, Fe-superoxide dismutase, Peroxiredoxin 2C, and L-ascorbate peroxidase-6. The results showed that foliar melatonin at F-200/50 significantly increased the plant height, chlorophyll a, b, a+b and carotenoids by 128%, 121%, 150%, 122%, and 69% over the Cd treatment, respectively. The soil and foliar melatonin at S-100/50 and F-100/50 reduced the ROS by 36%, and 44%, and MDA by 42% and 51% over the Cd treatment, respectively. Moreover, F200/50 significantly boosted the activities of antioxidant enzymes i. e SOD by 141%, CAT 298%, POD 117%, and APX 155% over the Cd treatment. Similarly, a significant reduction in Cd content in root, stem, and leaf was found on exposure to higher concentrations of exogenous melatonin. These findings suggest that exogenous melatonin may significantly and differentially improve the tolerance to Cd stress in crop plants. However, field applications, type of plant species, concentration of dose, and type of stress may vary with the degree of tolerance in crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samrah Afzal Awan
- College of Grassland Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Imran Khan
- College of Grassland Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Atif Irshad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Wang Xiaosan
- College of Grassland Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xinquan Zhang
- College of Grassland Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Linkai Huang
- College of Grassland Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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Sher A, Hassan MU, Sattar A, Ul-Allah S, Ijaz M, Hayyat Z, Bibi Y, Hussain M, Qayyum A. Exogenous application of melatonin alleviates the drought stress by regulating the antioxidant systems and sugar contents in sorghum seedlings. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2023.104620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
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Khanna K, Bhardwaj R, Alam P, Reiter RJ, Ahmad P. Phytomelatonin: A master regulator for plant oxidative stress management. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 196:260-269. [PMID: 36731287 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Phytomelatonin is the multifunctional molecule that governs a range of developmental processes in plants subjected to a plethora of environmental cues. It acts as an antioxidant molecule to regulate the oxidative burst through reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging. Moreover, it also activates stress-responsive genes followed by alleviating oxidation. Phytomelatonin also stimulates antioxidant enzymes that further regulate redox homeostasis in plants under adverse conditions. This multifunctional molecule also regulates different physiological processes of plants in terms of leaf senescence, seed germination, lateral root growth, photosynthesis, etc. Due to its versatile nature, it is regarded as a master regulator of plant cell physiology and it holds a crucial position in molecular signaling as well. Phytomelatonin mediated oxidative stress management occurs through a series of antioxidative defense systems, both enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic, along with the formation of an array of secondary defensive metabolites that counteract the stresses. These phytomelatonin-derived antioxidants reduce the lipid peroxidation and improve membrane integrity of the cells subjected to stress. Here in, the data from transcriptomic and omics approaches are summarized which help to identify the gene regulatory mechanisms involved in the regulation of redox homeostasis and oxidative stress management. Further, we also recap the signaling cascade underlying phytomelatonin interactions with both ROS and reactive nitrogen species (RNS)and their crosstalk. The discoveries related to phytomelatonin have shown that this regulatory master molecule is critical for plant cell physiology. The current review is focussed the role of phytomelatonin as a multifunctional molecule in plant stress management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Khanna
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India; Department of Microbiology, DAV University, Sarmastpur, Jalandhar, 144001, Punjab, India.
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Pravej Alam
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany, GDC Pulwama, 192301, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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Melatonin Affects the Photosynthetic Performance of Pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.) Seedlings under Cold Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122414. [PMID: 36552621 PMCID: PMC9774265 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosynthesis is an important plant metabolic mechanism that improves carbon absorption and crop yield. Photosynthetic efficiency is greatly hampered by cold stress (CS). Melatonin (ME) is a new plant growth regulator that regulates a wide range of abiotic stress responses. However, the molecular mechanism of ME-mediated photosynthetic regulation in cold-stressed plants is not well understood. Our findings suggest that under low-temperature stress (15/5 °C for 7 days), spraying the plant with ME (200 µM) enhanced gas exchange characteristics and the photosynthetic pigment content of pepper seedlings, as well as upregulated their biosynthetic gene expression. Melatonin increased the activity of photosynthetic enzymes (Rubisco and fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase) while also enhancing starch, sucrose, soluble sugar, and glucose content under CS conditions. Low-temperature stress significantly decreased the photochemical activity of photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI), specifically their maximum quantum efficiency PSII (Fv/Fm) and PSI (Pm). In contrast, ME treatment improved the photochemical activity of PSII and PSI. Furthermore, CS dramatically reduced the actual PSII efficiency (ΦPSII), electron transport rate (ETR) and photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), while enhancing nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ); however, ME treatment substantially mitigated the effects of CS. Our results clearly show the probable function of ME treatment in mitigating the effects of CS by maintaining photosynthetic performance, which might be beneficial when screening genotypes for CS tolerance.
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Yang Y, Xie J, Li J, Zhang J, Zhang X, Yao Y, Wang C, Niu T, Bakpa EP. Trehalose alleviates salt tolerance by improving photosynthetic performance and maintaining mineral ion homeostasis in tomato plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:974507. [PMID: 36035709 PMCID: PMC9412767 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.974507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Trehalose (Tre), which was an osmoprotective or stabilizing molecule, played a protective role against different abiotic stresses in plants and showed remarkable perspectives in salt stress. In this study, the potential role of Tre in improving the resistance to salt stress in tomato plants was investigated. Tomato plants (Micro Tom) were treated with Hoagland nutrient solution (CK), 10 mM Tre (T), 150 mM sodium chloride (NaCl, S), and 10 mM Tre+150 mM NaCl (S+T) for 5 days. Our results showed that foliar application of Tre alleviated the inhibition of tomato plant growth under salt stress. In addition, salt stress decreased the values of net photosynthetic rate (Pn, 85.99%), stomata conductance (gs, 57.3%), and transpiration rate (Tr, 47.97%), but increased that of intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci, 26.25%). However, exogenous application of Tre significantly increased photosynthetic efficiency, increased the activity of Calvin cycle enzymes [ribulose diphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco), fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA), fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase (FBPase), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and transketolase (TK)], up-regulated the expression of genes encoding enzymes, induced stomatal opening, and alleviated salt-induced damage to the chloroplast membrane and structure. In the saline environment, photosynthetic electron transport was restricted, resulting the J-I-P phase to decrease. At the same time, the absorption, capture, and transport energies per excited cross-section and per active reaction center decreased, and the dissipation energy increased. Conversely, Tre reversed these values and enhanced the photosystem response to salt stress by protecting the photosynthetic electron transport system. In addition, foliage application with Tre significantly increased the potassium to sodium transport selectivity ratio (S K-Na ) by 16.08%, and increased the levels of other ions to varying degrees. Principal component analysis (PCA) analysis showed that exogenous Tre could change the distribution of elements in different organs and affect the expressions of SlSOS1, SlNHX, SlHKT1.1, SlVHA, and SlHA-A at the transcriptional level under salt stress, thereby maintaining ion homeostasis. This study demonstrated that Tre was involved in the process of mitigating salt stress toxicity in tomato plants and provided specific insights into the effectiveness of Tre in mediating salt tolerance.
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Hassan MU, Mahmood A, Awan MI, Maqbool R, Aamer M, Alhaithloul HAS, Huang G, Skalicky M, Brestic M, Pandey S, El Sabagh A, Qari SH. Melatonin-Induced Protection Against Plant Abiotic Stress: Mechanisms and Prospects. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:902694. [PMID: 35755707 PMCID: PMC9218792 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.902694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Global warming in this century increases incidences of various abiotic stresses restricting plant growth and productivity and posing a severe threat to global food production and security. The plant produces different osmolytes and hormones to combat the harmful effects of these abiotic stresses. Melatonin (MT) is a plant hormone that possesses excellent properties to improve plant performance under different abiotic stresses. It is associated with improved physiological and molecular processes linked with seed germination, growth and development, photosynthesis, carbon fixation, and plant defence against other abiotic stresses. In parallel, MT also increased the accumulation of multiple osmolytes, sugars and endogenous hormones (auxin, gibberellic acid, and cytokinins) to mediate resistance to stress. Stress condition in plants often produces reactive oxygen species. MT has excellent antioxidant properties and substantially scavenges reactive oxygen species by increasing the activity of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants under stress conditions. Moreover, the upregulation of stress-responsive and antioxidant enzyme genes makes it an excellent stress-inducing molecule. However, MT produced in plants is not sufficient to induce stress tolerance. Therefore, the development of transgenic plants with improved MT biosynthesis could be a promising approach to enhancing stress tolerance. This review, therefore, focuses on the possible role of MT in the induction of various abiotic stresses in plants. We further discussed MT biosynthesis and the critical role of MT as a potential antioxidant for improving abiotic stress tolerance. In addition, we also addressed MT biosynthesis and shed light on future research directions. Therefore, this review would help readers learn more about MT in a changing environment and provide new suggestions on how this knowledge could be used to develop stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umair Hassan
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Athar Mahmood
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Masood Iqbal Awan
- Department of Agronomy, Sub-Campus Depalpur, Okara, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rizwan Maqbool
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aamer
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Agronomy, Sub-Campus Depalpur, Okara, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Guoqin Huang
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Milan Skalicky
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Saurabh Pandey
- Department of Agriculture, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Ayman El Sabagh
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
| | - Sameer H. Qari
- Department of Biology, Al-Jumum University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Ahmad S, Wang GY, Muhammad I, Chi YX, Zeeshan M, Nasar J, Zhou XB. Interactive Effects of Melatonin and Nitrogen Improve Drought Tolerance of Maize Seedlings by Regulating Growth and Physiochemical Attributes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020359. [PMID: 35204247 PMCID: PMC8869313 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin plays an important role in numerous vital life processes of animals and has recently captured the interests of plant biologists because of its potent role in plants. As well as its possible contribution to photoperiodic processes, melatonin is believed to act as a growth regulator and/or as a direct free radical scavenger/indirect antioxidant. However, identifying a precise concentration of melatonin with an optimum nitrogen level for a particular application method to improve plant growth requires identification and clarification. This work establishes inimitable findings by optimizing the application of melatonin with an optimum level of nitrogen, alleviating the detrimental effects of drought stress in maize seedlings. Maize seedlings were subjected to drought stress of 40–45% field capacity (FC) at the five-leaf stage, followed by a soil drenching of melatonin 100 µM and three nitrogen levels (200, 250, and 300 kg ha−1) to consider the changes in maize seedling growth. Our results showed that drought stress significantly inhibited the physiological and biochemical parameters of maize seedlings. However, the application of melatonin with nitrogen remarkably improved the plant growth attributes, chlorophyll pigments, fluorescence, and gas exchange parameters. Moreover, melatonin and nitrogen application profoundly reduced the reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation by increasing maize antioxidant and nitrogen metabolism enzyme activities under drought-stress conditions. It was concluded that the mitigating potential of 100 µM melatonin with an optimum level of nitrogen (250 kg N ha−1) improves the plant growth, photosynthetic efficiency, and enzymatic activity of maize seedling under drought-stress conditions.
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Siddiqui MH, Mukherjee S, Kumar R, Alansi S, Shah AA, Kalaji HM, Javed T, Raza A. Potassium and melatonin-mediated regulation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) and sedoheptulose-1,7- bisphosphatase (SBPase) activity improve photosynthetic efficiency, carbon assimilation and modulate glyoxalase system accompanying tolerance to cadmium stress in tomato seedlings. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 171:49-65. [PMID: 34971955 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of the combined action of potassium (K) and melatonin (Mel) in modulating tolerance to cadmium (Cd) stress in plants is not well understood. The present study reveals the synergistic role of K and Mel in enhancing physiological and biochemical mechanisms of Cd stress tolerance in tomato seedlings. The present findings reveal that seedlings subjected to Cd toxicity exhibited disturbed nutrients balance [nitrogen (N) and potassium (K)], chlorophyll (Chl) biosynthesis [reduced δ-aminolevulinic acid (δ-ALA) content and δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (δ-ALAD) activity], pathway of carbon fixation [reduced fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) and sedoheptulose-1,7- bisphosphatase (SBPase) activity] and photosynthesis process in tomato seedlings. However, exogenous application of K and Mel alone as well as together improved physiological and biochemical mechanisms in tomato seedlings, but their combined application proved best by efficiently improving nutrient uptake, photosynthetic pigments biosynthesis (increased Chl a and b, and Total Chl), carbon flow in Calvin cycle, activity of Rubisco, carbonic anhydrase activity, and accumulation of total soluble carbohydrates content in seedlings under Cd toxicity. Furthermore, the combined treatment of K and Mel suppressed overproduction of reactive oxygen species (hydrogen peroxide and superoxide), Chl degradation [reduced chlorophyllase (Chlase) activity] and methylglyoxal content in Cd-stressed tomato seedlings by upregulating glyoxalase (increased glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II activity) and antioxidant systems (increased ascorbate-glutathione metabolism). Thus, the present study provides stronger evidence that the co-application of K and Mel exhibited synergistic roles in mitigating the toxic effect of Cd stress by increasing glyoxalase and antioxidant systems and also by improving photosynthetic efficiency in tomato seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzer H Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Soumya Mukherjee
- Department of Botany, Jangipur College, University of Kalyani, West Bengal, 742213, India
| | - Ritesh Kumar
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Saleh Alansi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anis Ali Shah
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology University of Education, Lahore
| | - Hazem M Kalaji
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Talha Javed
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Departemnet of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan
| | - Ali Raza
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular and Cell Biology, Oil Crops Research Institute, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, 350002, China
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14
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Ali S, Gill RA, Shafique MS, Ahmar S, Kamran M, Zhang N, Riaz M, Nawaz M, Fang R, Ali B, Zhou W. Role of phytomelatonin responsive to metal stresses: An omics perspective and future scenario. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:936747. [PMID: 36147242 PMCID: PMC9486320 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.936747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A pervasive melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) reveals a crucial role in stress tolerance and plant development. Melatonin (MT) is a unique molecule with multiple phenotypic expressions and numerous actions within the plants. It has been extensively studied in crop plants under different abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, heat, cold, and heavy metals. Mainly, MT role is appraised as an antioxidant molecule that deals with oxidative stress by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and modulating stress related genes. It improves the contents of different antioxidant enzyme activities and thus, regulates the redox hemostasis in crop plants. In this comprehensive review, regulatory effects of melatonin in plants as melatonin biosynthesis, signaling pathway, modulation of stress related genes and physiological role of melatonin under different heavy metal stress have been reviewed in detail. Further, this review has discussed how MT regulates different genes/enzymes to mediate defense responses and overviewed the context of transcriptomics and phenomics followed by the metabolomics pathways in crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skhawat Ali
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rafaqat Ali Gill
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Sunny Ahmar
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA, Australia
| | - Na Zhang
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Rouyi Fang
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Basharat Ali
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
- Basharat Ali,
| | - Weijun Zhou
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Weijun Zhou,
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15
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Jahan MS, Guo S, Sun J, Shu S, Wang Y, El-Yazied AA, Alabdallah NM, Hikal M, Mohamed MHM, Ibrahim MFM, Hasan MM. Melatonin-mediated photosynthetic performance of tomato seedlings under high-temperature stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 167:309-320. [PMID: 34392044 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is a fundamental biosynthetic process in plants that can enhance carbon absorption and increase crop productivity. Heat stress severely inhibits photosynthetic efficiency. Melatonin is a bio-stimulator capable of regulating diverse abiotic stress tolerances. However, the underlying mechanisms of melatonin-mediated photosynthesis in plants exposed to heat stress largely remain elucidated. Our results revealed that melatonin treatment (100 μM) in tomato seedlings increased the endogenous melatonin levels and photosynthetic pigment content along with upregulated of their biosynthesis gene expression under high-temperature stress (42 °C for 24 h), whereas heat stress significantly decreased the values of gas exchange parameters. Under heat stress, melatonin boosted CO2 assimilation, i.e., Vc,max (maximum rate of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase, Rubisco), and Jmax (electron transport of Rubisco generation) and also enhanced the Rubisco and FBPase activities, which resulted in upregulated photosynthetic related gene expression. In addition, heat stress greatly reduced the photochemical chemistry of photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI), particularly the maximum quantum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) and PSI (Pm). Conversely, melatonin supplementation increased the chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters led to amplifying the electron transport efficiency. Moreover, heat stress decreased the actual PSII efficiency (ΦPSII), electron transport rate (ETR) and photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), while increasing nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ); however, melatonin reversed these values, which helps to fostering the dissipation of excess excitation energy. Taken together, our results provide a concrete insight into the efficacy of melatonin-mediated photosynthesis performance in a high-temperature regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shah Jahan
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China; Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Shirong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Shu
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Ahmed Abou El-Yazied
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Nadiyah M Alabdallah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 383, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Hikal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Mostafa H M Mohamed
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Benha, 13736, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F M Ibrahim
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Md Mahadi Hasan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
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16
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Li S, Guo J, Wang T, Gong L, Liu F, Brestic M, Liu S, Song F, Li X. Melatonin reduces nanoplastic uptake, translocation, and toxicity in wheat. J Pineal Res 2021; 71:e12761. [PMID: 34392562 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
With increasing plastic production and consumption, large amounts of polystyrene nanoplastics are accumulated in soil due to improper disposal causing pollution and deleterious effects to environment. However, little information is available about how to alleviate the adverse impacts of nanoplastics on crops. In this study, the involvement of melatonin in modulating nanoplastic uptake, translocation, and toxicity in wheat plant was investigated. The results demonstrated that exogenous melatonin application reduced the nanoplastic uptake by roots and their translocation to shoots via regulating the expression of genes associated with aquaporin, including the upregulation of the TIP2-9, PIP2, PIP3, and PIP1.2 in leaves and TIP2-9, PIP1-5, PIP2, and PIP1.2 in roots. Melatonin activated the ROS scavenging system to maintain a better redox homeostasis and ameliorated the negative effects of nanoplastics on carbohydrate metabolism, hence ameliorated the plant growth and enhanced the tolerance to nanoplastics toxicity. This process was closely related to the exogenous melatonin application induced melatonin accumulation in leave. These results suggest that melatonin could alleviate the adverse effects of nanoplastics on wheat, and exogenous melatonin application might be used as a promising management strategy to sustain crop production in the nanoplastic-polluted soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxin Li
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junhong Guo
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tianya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Lei Gong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Fulai Liu
- Faculty of Science, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Tåstrup, Denmark
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak Agricultural University, Nitra, Slovak Republic
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Shengqun Liu
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Fengbin Song
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Xiangnan Li
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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17
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Lei K, Sun S, Zhong K, Li S, Hu H, Sun C, Zheng Q, Tian Z, Dai T, Sun J. Seed soaking with melatonin promotes seed germination under chromium stress via enhancing reserve mobilization and antioxidant metabolism in wheat. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 220:112241. [PMID: 34000501 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) pollution has serious harm to crop growth, while little is known on the role of melatonin (MT) on seed germination and physiology in Cr-stressed wheat. The effects of seed soaking with MT on growth, reserve mobilization, osmotic regulation and antioxidant capacity of wheat seeds during germination under hexavalent chromium (100 μM) stress were investigated. The results indicated that Cr toxicity decreased the seed germination rate by 16% and suppressed the growth of germinated seeds compared to unstressed seeds. MT in the concentration-dependent manner increased germination rate and promoted subsequent growth when seeds were exposed to Cr stress, but the effect could be counteracted at high concentration. Seed soaking with MT (100 μM) markedly decreased Cr accumulation in seeds, radicals and coleoptiles by 15%, 6% and 15%, respectively, and enhanced α-amylase activity and soluble sugar and free amino acids content in seeds to improve reserve mobilization under Cr stress, compared with Cr treatment. Furthermore, decreasing the level of osmotic regulators (soluble sugar and soluble protein) in radicles under MT combined with Cr treatment confirmed the reduction of osmotic stress caused by Cr stress. Importantly, MT pretreatment reduced H2O2 content by 19% and O2·- release rate by 45% in radicles under Cr toxicity compared with Cr-stressed wheat, in terms of promoting scavenging ability and decreasing production ability, which was to upregulate the activities and encoding genes expression levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbic acid peroxidase (APX) and peroxidase (POD) and to downregulate plasma membrane-bound NADPH oxidase (NOX) encoding genes (TaRbohD, TaRbohF) expression, respectively. In all, these results provided evidence that seed soaking with MT could be a potentially method to protect wheat seeds from Cr toxicity, which effectively ameliorated germination under Cr stress by enhancing reserve mobilization and antioxidant metabolism in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangqi Lei
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, PR China
| | - Shuzhen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, PR China
| | - Kaitai Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, PR China
| | - Shiyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, PR China
| | - Hang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, PR China
| | - Chuanjiao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, PR China
| | - Qiaomei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, PR China
| | - Zhongwei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, PR China
| | - Tingbo Dai
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, PR China
| | - Jianyun Sun
- College of Life Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, PR China.
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18
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Altaf MA, Shahid R, Ren MX, Mora-Poblete F, Arnao MB, Naz S, Anwar M, Altaf MM, Shahid S, Shakoor A, Sohail H, Ahmar S, Kamran M, Chen JT. Phytomelatonin: An overview of the importance and mediating functions of melatonin against environmental stresses. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:820-846. [PMID: 33159319 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently, melatonin has gained significant importance in plant research. The presence of melatonin in the plant kingdom has been known since 1995. It is a molecule that is conserved in a wide array of evolutionary distant organisms. Its functions and characteristics have been found to be similar in both plants and animals. The review focuses on the role of melatonin pertaining to physiological functions in higher plants. Melatonin regulates physiological functions regarding auxin activity, root, shoot, and explant growth, activates germination of seeds, promotes rhizogenesis (growth of adventitious and lateral roots), and holds up impelled leaf senescence. Melatonin is a natural bio-stimulant that creates resistance in field crops against various abiotic stress, including heat, chemical pollutants, cold, drought, salinity, and harmful ultra-violet radiation. The full potential of melatonin in regulating physiological functions in higher plants still needs to be explored by further research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rabia Shahid
- School of Economics, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Ming-Xun Ren
- Center for Terrestrial Biodiversity of the South China Sea, College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | | | - Marino B Arnao
- Department of Plant Biology (Plant Physiology), Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Safina Naz
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Anwar
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Sidra Shahid
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Awais Shakoor
- Department of Environment and Soil Sciences, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Hamza Sohail
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Sunny Ahmar
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jen-Tsung Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Source-Sink Manipulation Affects Accumulation of Zinc and Other Nutrient Elements in Wheat Grains. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10051032. [PMID: 34065615 PMCID: PMC8161399 DOI: 10.3390/plants10051032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To better understand the source–sink flow and its relationships with zinc (Zn) and other nutrients in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants for biofortification and improving grain nutritional quality, the effects of reducing the photoassimilate source (through the flag leaf removal and spike shading) or sink (through the removal of all spikelets from one side of the spike, i.e., 50% spikelets removal) in the field of the accumulation of Zn and other nutrients in grains of two wheat cultivars (Jimai 22 and Jimai 44) were investigated at two soil Zn application levels. The kernel number per spike (KNPS), single panicle weight (SPW), thousand kernel weight (TKW), total grain weight (TGW) sampled, concentrations and yields of various nutrient elements including Zn, iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg), phytate phosphorus (phytate-P), phytic acid (PA) and phytohormones (ABA: abscisic acid, and the ethylene precursor ACC: 1-aminocylopropane-1-carboxylic acid), and carbon/N ratios were determined. Soil Zn application significantly increased the concentrations of grain Zn, N and K. Cultivars showing higher grain yields had lower grain protein and micronutrient nutritional quality. SPW, KNPS, TKW (with the exception of TKW in the removal of half of the spikelets), TGW, and nutrient yields in wheat grains were most severely reduced by half spikelet removal, secondly by spike shading, and slightly by flag leaf removal. Grain concentrations of Zn, N and Mg consistently showed negative correlations with SPW, KNPS and TGW, but positive correlations with TKW. There were general positive correlations among grain concentrations of Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, N and Mg, and the bioavailability of Zn and Fe (estimated by molar ratios of PA/Zn, PA/Fe, PA × Ca/Zn, or PA × Ca/Fe). Although Zn and Fe concentrations were increased and Ca was decreased in treatments of half spikelet removal and spike shading, the treatments simultaneously increased PA and limited the increase in bioavailability of Zn and Fe. In general, different nutrient elements interact with each other and are affected to different degrees by source–sink manipulation. Elevated endogenous ABA levels and ABA/ACC ratios were associated with increased TKW and grain-filling of Zn, Mn, Ca and Mg, and inhibited K in wheat grains. However, the effects of ACC were diametrically opposite. These results provide a basis for wheat grain biofortification to alleviate human malnutrition.
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20
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Pardo-Hernández M, López-Delacalle M, Martí-Guillen JM, Martínez-Lorente SE, Rivero RM. ROS and NO Phytomelatonin-Induced Signaling Mechanisms under Metal Toxicity in Plants: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10. [PMID: 34068211 DOI: 10.20944/preprints202104.0637.v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal toxicity in soils, along with water runoff, are increasing environmental problems that affect agriculture directly and, in turn, human health. In light of finding a suitable and urgent solution, research on plant treatments with specific compounds that can help mitigate these effects has increased, and thus the exogenous application of melatonin (MET) and its role in alleviating the negative effects of metal toxicity in plants, have become more important in the last few years. MET is an important plant-related response molecule involved in growth, development, and reproduction, and in the induction of different stress-related key factors in plants. It has been shown that MET plays a protective role against the toxic effects induced by different metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, B, Al, V, Ni, La, As, and Cr) by regulating both the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant plant defense systems. In addition, MET interacts with many other signaling molecules, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) and participates in a wide variety of physiological reactions. Furthermore, MET treatment enhances osmoregulation and photosynthetic efficiency, and increases the concentration of other important antioxidants such as phenolic compounds, flavonoids, polyamines (PAs), and carotenoid compounds. Some recent studies have shown that MET appeared to be involved in the regulation of metal transport in plants, and lastly, various studies have confirmed that MET significantly upregulated stress tolerance-related genes. Despite all the knowledge acquired over the years, there is still more to know about how MET is involved in the metal toxicity tolerance of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Pardo-Hernández
- Center of Edaphology and Applied Biology of Segura River-Spanish National Research Council (CEBAS-CSIC), Department of Plant Nutrition, Campus Universitario Espinardo, Ed. 25, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - María López-Delacalle
- Center of Edaphology and Applied Biology of Segura River-Spanish National Research Council (CEBAS-CSIC), Department of Plant Nutrition, Campus Universitario Espinardo, Ed. 25, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - José Manuel Martí-Guillen
- Center of Edaphology and Applied Biology of Segura River-Spanish National Research Council (CEBAS-CSIC), Department of Plant Nutrition, Campus Universitario Espinardo, Ed. 25, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Sara E Martínez-Lorente
- Center of Edaphology and Applied Biology of Segura River-Spanish National Research Council (CEBAS-CSIC), Department of Plant Nutrition, Campus Universitario Espinardo, Ed. 25, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Rosa M Rivero
- Center of Edaphology and Applied Biology of Segura River-Spanish National Research Council (CEBAS-CSIC), Department of Plant Nutrition, Campus Universitario Espinardo, Ed. 25, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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Pardo-Hernández M, López-Delacalle M, Martí-Guillen JM, Martínez-Lorente SE, Rivero RM. ROS and NO Phytomelatonin-Induced Signaling Mechanisms under Metal Toxicity in Plants: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050775. [PMID: 34068211 PMCID: PMC8153167 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal toxicity in soils, along with water runoff, are increasing environmental problems that affect agriculture directly and, in turn, human health. In light of finding a suitable and urgent solution, research on plant treatments with specific compounds that can help mitigate these effects has increased, and thus the exogenous application of melatonin (MET) and its role in alleviating the negative effects of metal toxicity in plants, have become more important in the last few years. MET is an important plant-related response molecule involved in growth, development, and reproduction, and in the induction of different stress-related key factors in plants. It has been shown that MET plays a protective role against the toxic effects induced by different metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, B, Al, V, Ni, La, As, and Cr) by regulating both the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant plant defense systems. In addition, MET interacts with many other signaling molecules, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) and participates in a wide variety of physiological reactions. Furthermore, MET treatment enhances osmoregulation and photosynthetic efficiency, and increases the concentration of other important antioxidants such as phenolic compounds, flavonoids, polyamines (PAs), and carotenoid compounds. Some recent studies have shown that MET appeared to be involved in the regulation of metal transport in plants, and lastly, various studies have confirmed that MET significantly upregulated stress tolerance-related genes. Despite all the knowledge acquired over the years, there is still more to know about how MET is involved in the metal toxicity tolerance of plants.
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Zhao Y, Song X, Zhao P, Li T, Xu JW, Yu X. Role of melatonin in regulation of lipid accumulation, autophagy and salinity-induced oxidative stress in microalga Monoraphidium sp. QLY-1. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Yu Y, Teng Z, Mou Z, Lv Y, Li T, Chen S, Zhao D, Zhao Z. Melatonin confers heavy metal-induced tolerance by alleviating oxidative stress and reducing the heavy metal accumulation in Exophiala pisciphila, a dark septate endophyte (DSE). BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:40. [PMID: 33546601 PMCID: PMC7863494 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02098-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Melatonin (MT), ubiquitous in almost all organisms, functions as a free radical scavenger. Despite several reports on its role as an antioxidant in animals, plants, and some microorganisms, extensive studies in filamentous fungi are limited. Based upon the role of melatonin as an antioxidant, we investigated its role in heavy metal-induced stress tolerance in Exophiala pisciphila, a dark septate endophyte (DSE), by studying the underlying mechanisms in alleviating oxidative stress and reducing heavy metal accumulation. Results A significant decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) and oxygen free radical (OFR) in E. pisciphila was recorded under Cd, Zn, and Pb stresses as compared to the control. Pretreatment of E. pisciphila with 200.0 μM exogenous melatonin significantly increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) under Zn and Pb stresses. Pretreatment with 200.0 μM melatonin also lowered Cd, Zn, and Pb concentrations significantly. Melatonin production was enhanced by Cd, Cu, and Zn after 2 d, and melatonin biosynthetic enzyme genes, E. pisciphila tryptophan decarboxylase (EpTDC1) and serotonin N-acetyltransferase (EpSNAT1), were transcriptionally upregulated. The overexpression of EpTDC1 and N-acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase (EpASMT1) in Escherichia coli and Arabidopsis thaliana enhanced its heavy metal-induced stress tolerance. The overexpression of EpTDC1 and EpASMT1 reduced the Cd accumulation in the whole A. thaliana plants, especially in the roots. Conclusions Melatonin conferred heavy metal-induced stress tolerance by alleviating oxidative stress, activating antioxidant enzyme SOD, and reducing heavy metal accumulation in E. pisciphila. Melatonin biosynthetic enzyme genes of E. pisciphila also played key roles in limiting excessive heavy metal accumulation in A. thaliana. These findings can be extended to understand the role of melatonin in other DSEs associated with economically important plants and help develop new strategies in sustainable agriculture practice where plants can grow in soils contaminated with heavy metals. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-021-02098-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhaowei Teng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, Yunan, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The First people's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Zongmin Mou
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease and Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.,Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease and Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.,School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yan Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, Yunan, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The First people's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Suiyun Chen
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease and Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.,Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease and Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.,School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Dake Zhao
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease and Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, China. .,Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease and Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, China. .,School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
| | - Zhiwei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
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Role of Melatonin in Plant Tolerance to Soil Stressors: Salinity, pH and Heavy Metals. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225359. [PMID: 33212772 PMCID: PMC7696660 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (MT) is a pleiotropic molecule with diverse and numerous actions both in plants and animals. In plants, MT acts as an excellent promotor of tolerance against abiotic stress situations such as drought, cold, heat, salinity, and chemical pollutants. In all these situations, MT has a stimulating effect on plants, fomenting many changes in biochemical processes and stress-related gene expression. Melatonin plays vital roles as an antioxidant and can work as a free radical scavenger to protect plants from oxidative stress by stabilization cell redox status; however, MT can alleviate the toxic oxygen and nitrogen species. Beyond this, MT stimulates the antioxidant enzymes and augments antioxidants, as well as activates the ascorbate–glutathione (AsA–GSH) cycle to scavenge excess reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this review, we examine the recent data on the capacity of MT to alleviate the effects of common abiotic soil stressors, such as salinity, alkalinity, acidity, and the presence of heavy metals, reinforcing the general metabolism of plants and counteracting harmful agents. An exhaustive analysis of the latest advances in this regard is presented, and possible future applications of MT are discussed.
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25
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Elucidating the source–sink relationships of zinc biofortification in wheat grains: A review. Food Energy Secur 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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26
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Huang Z, Xie W, Wang M, Liu X, Ashraf U, Qin D, Zhuang M, Li W, Li Y, Wang S, Tian H, Mo Z. Response of rice genotypes with differential nitrate reductase-dependent NO synthesis to melatonin under ZnO nanoparticles' (NPs) stress. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 250:126337. [PMID: 32135442 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate reductase is a nitric oxide (NO) induced enzyme in plants, NO acts as a signaling molecule under ZnO NPs-induced stress whereas melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) could improve morpho-physiological attributes of plants under adverse conditions. In present study, seedlings of two rice genotypes differed regarding nitrate reductase activities i.e., transgenic 'NR' and wild type 'WT' were applied with two melatonin levels i.e., 0, 10 μΜ regarded as M0, M10, respectively and three levels of ZnO NPs i.e., 0, 50, 500 mg L-1 regarded as ZnO NPs0, ZnO NPs50 and ZnO NPs500, respectively. Results revealed that melatonin application substantially increased the dry biomass accumulation of both rice genotypes under all ZnO NPs levels. The root growth, mineral absorption as well as the antioxidant responses were also improved by melatonin application under ZnO NPs stress. The interactive effects of melatonin and genotype on plant growth, antioxidant responses and mineral contents i.e., Zn, Na, Fe and Mn were also found significant under different ZnO NPs stress. Furthermore, total plant dry weight was significantly correlated with the leaf dry weight, root volume, catalase (CAT) activity in leaves, Na accumulation in stem sheath and Fe accumulation in root under both M0 and M10 treatments. Moreover, the comparative transcriptome analysis identified key genes which were responsible for melatonin and NO-induced modulations in plant growth under ZnO NPs stress. Overall, melatonin could improve the morphological growth of the rice plants by modulating root-shoot characteristics, antioxidant activities and mineral uptake in root and shoot of rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoli Huang
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenjun Xie
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Meng Wang
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuwei Liu
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Umair Ashraf
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, 54770, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Dejun Qin
- Guangdong Seed Association, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Maosen Zhuang
- BASF(China) Company Limited Guangzhou Branch, Guangzhou, 510095, Guangdong, China
| | - Wu Li
- Crop Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuzhan Li
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuli Wang
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Tian
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhaowen Mo
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China; Center for International Field Agriculture Research & Education, Ibaraki University, Ami, Ibaraki, 300-0393, Japan.
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Seleiman MF, Ali S, Refay Y, Rizwan M, Alhammad BA, El-Hendawy SE. Chromium resistant microbes and melatonin reduced Cr uptake and toxicity, improved physio-biochemical traits and yield of wheat in contaminated soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 250:126239. [PMID: 32088619 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin and metal resistant microbes can enhance plant defense responses against various abiotic stresses, but little is known about the combined effects of melatonin and chromium (Cr) resistant microbes on reducing Cr toxicity in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In current study, we examined the effects of combined application of melatonin (0, 1, 2 mM) and Bacillus subtilis (with and without inoculation) on wheat physio-biochemical responses and Cr uptake under different levels of Cr (0, 25, 50 and 100 mg Cr kg-1 DM soil). Chromium stress decreased the wheat growth, biomass, chlorophyll and relative water contents by causing oxidative damage in the form of overproduction of electrolyte leakage, hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde. However, foliar application of melatonin enhanced the plant growth, biomass and photosynthesis by alleviating the oxidative damage and Cr accumulation by plants. Melatonin significantly increased the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities as compared with respective control. Inoculation with microbes further enhanced the positive impacts of melatonin on wheat growth and reduced the Cr uptake by plants. Compared with non-inoculation and melatonin treatment, the inoculation with B. subtilis increased cholorophyll a by 27%, cholorophyll b by 49%, ascorbic acid in leaves by 50% and soluble proteins by 72% in wheat grwon with 50 mg Cr kg-1 DM soil. The application of B. subtilis reduced oxidative stress and Cr toxicity by transforming the Cr6+ to Cr3+ in shoots and roots of wheat. Furthermore, B. subtilis reduced the Cr6+ uptake by wheat plants. The result of the present study revealed that the combined application of melatonin and B. subtilis might be a feasible approach aiming to reduce the Cr toxicity and its accumulation by wheat and probably in other plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud F Seleiman
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Crop Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University, 32514, Shibin El-kom, Egypt.
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan; Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University (CMU), Taiwan
| | - Yahya Refay
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Ahmed Alhammad
- Biology Department, College of Science and Humanity Studies, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salah E El-Hendawy
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, 41522, Ismailia, Egypt
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Sadak MS, Bakry BA. Alleviation of drought stress by melatonin foliar treatment on two flax varieties under sandy soil. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 26:907-919. [PMID: 32377041 PMCID: PMC7196597 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-020-00789-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The role of melatonin treatments on improving plant tolerance against drought stress is clear, while its special role and influences are poorly investigated. Thus, the effect of external treatment with different concentrations (2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 mM) of melatonin on two varieties of flax plant (Letwania-9 and Sakha-2) growth, some biochemical aspects and yield under normal [100% water irrigation requirements (WIR)] and drought stress conditions (75% and 50% WIR) in sandy soil were investigated in this study. Drought stress decreased significantly different growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, yield and yield components of the two studied flax varieties. While, it increased significantly phenolic contents, total soluble sugars (TSS), proline and free amino acids as well as some antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase). Meanwhile, external treatment of melatonin (2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 mM) increased significantly different growth and yield parameters as well as the studied biochemical and physiological aspects under 100% WIR. Also, melatonin treatment could alleviate the adverse effects of drought stress and increased significantly growth parameters, yield and quality of the two varieties of flax plant via improving photosynthetic pigments, indole acetic acid, phenolic, TSS, proline free amino acids contents and antioxidant enzyme systems, as compared with their corresponding untreated controls. Foliar treatment of 5.0 mM melatonin showed the greatest growth, the studied biochemical aspects and yield quantity and quality of Letwania-9 and Sakha-2 varieties of flax plants either at normal irrigation or under stress conditions. Finally we can conclude that, melatonin treatment improved and alleviated the reduced effect of drought stress on growth and yield of two flax varieties through enhancing photosynthetic pigment, osmoptrotectants and antioxidant enzyme systems. 5 mM was the most effective concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervat Shamoon Sadak
- Botany Department, Agricultural and Biological Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Bakry Ahmed Bakry
- Field Crop Department, Agricultural and Biological Division, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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Muhammad I, Shalmani A, Ali M, Yang QH, Ahmad H, Li FB. Mechanisms Regulating the Dynamics of Photosynthesis Under Abiotic Stresses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:615942. [PMID: 33584756 PMCID: PMC7876081 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.615942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis sustains plant life on earth and is indispensable for plant growth and development. Factors such as unfavorable environmental conditions, stress regulatory networks, and plant biochemical processes limits the photosynthetic efficiency of plants and thereby threaten food security worldwide. Although numerous physiological approaches have been used to assess the performance of key photosynthetic components and their stress responses, though, these approaches are not extensive enough and do not favor strategic improvement of photosynthesis under abiotic stresses. The decline in photosynthetic capacity of plants due to these stresses is directly associated with reduction in yield. Therefore, a detailed information of the plant responses and better understanding of the photosynthetic machinery could help in developing new crop plants with higher yield even under stressed environments. Interestingly, cracking of signaling and metabolic pathways, identification of some key regulatory elements, characterization of potential genes, and phytohormone responses to abiotic factors have advanced our knowledge related to photosynthesis. However, our understanding of dynamic modulation of photosynthesis under dramatically fluctuating natural environments remains limited. Here, we provide a detailed overview of the research conducted on photosynthesis to date, and highlight the abiotic stress factors (heat, salinity, drought, high light, and heavy metal) that limit the performance of the photosynthetic machinery. Further, we reviewed the role of transcription factor genes and various enzymes involved in the process of photosynthesis under abiotic stresses. Finally, we discussed the recent progress in the field of biodegradable compounds, such as chitosan and humic acid, and the effect of melatonin (bio-stimulant) on photosynthetic activity. Based on our gathered researched data set, the logical concept of photosynthetic regulation under abiotic stresses along with improvement strategies will expand and surely accelerate the development of stress tolerance mechanisms, wider adaptability, higher survival rate, and yield potential of plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izhar Muhammad
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Abdullah Shalmani
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Husain Ahmad
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Feng Bai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- *Correspondence: Feng Bai Li
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Abstract
Phytoremediation is a green technology that aims to take up pollutants from soil or water. Metals are one of the targets of these techniques due to their high toxicity in biological systems, including plants and animals. Their elimination or, at least, decrease will help keep them from being incorporated in the trophic chain and thus reaching animal and human food. The metal removal efficiency of plants is closely related to their growth rate, tolerance, and their adaptability to different environments. Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a ubiquitous molecule present in animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria. In plants, it plays an important role related to antioxidant activity, but also as an important redox network regulator. Thus, melatonin has been defined as a biostimulator of plant growth, especially under environmental stress conditions, whether abiotic (water deficit and waterlogging, extreme temperature, UV radiation, salinity, alkalinity, specific mineral deficit/excess, metals and other toxic compounds, etc.) or biotic (bacteria, fungi, and viruses). Exogenous melatonin treated plants have been seen to have a high tolerance to stressors, minimizing possible harmful effects through the control of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and activating antioxidative responses. Furthermore, important gene expression changes in stress specific transcription factors have been demonstrated. Melatonin is capable of mobilizing toxic metals, through phytochelatins, transporting this, while sequestration adds to the biostimulator effect of melatonin on plants, improving plant tolerance against toxic pollutants. Furthermore, melatonin improves the uptake of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) in stress situations, enhancing cell metabolism. In light of the above, the application of melatonin seems to be a useful option for clearing toxic pollutants from the environment by improving phytoremediation. Interestingly, a variety of stressors induce melatonin biosynthesis in plants, and the study of this endogenous response in hyperaccumulator plants may be even more interesting as a natural response of the phytoremediation of diverse plants.
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Melatonin as a Chemical Substance or as Phytomelatonin Rich-Extracts for Use as Plant Protector and/or Biostimulant in Accordance with EC Legislation. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy9100570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a ubiquitous molecule present in animals and plants, and also in bacteria and fungi. In plants, it has an important regulatory and protective role in the face of different stress situations in which it can be involved, mainly due to its immobility. Both in the presence of biotic and abiotic stressors, melatonin exerts protective action in which, through significant changes in gene expression, it activates a stress tolerance response. Its anti-stress role, along with other outstanding functions, suggests its possible use in active agricultural management. This review establishes considerations that are necessary for its possible authorization. The particular characteristics of this substance and its categorization as plant biostimulant are discussed, and also the different legal aspects within the framework of the European Community. The advantages and disadvantages are also described of two of its possible applications, as a plant protector or biostimulant, in accordance with legal provisions.
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Sharma A, Zheng B. Melatonin Mediated Regulation of Drought Stress: Physiological and Molecular Aspects. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E190. [PMID: 31248005 PMCID: PMC6681211 DOI: 10.3390/plants8070190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Drought stress adversely effects physiological and biochemical processes of plants, leading to a reduction in plant productivity. Plants try to protect themselves via activation of their internal defense system, but severe drought causes dysfunction of this defense system. The imbalance between generation and scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to oxidative stress. Melatonin, a multifunctional molecule, has the potential to protect plants from the adverse effects of drought stress by enhancing the ROS scavenging efficiency. It helps in protection of photosynthetic apparatus and reduction of drought induced oxidative stress. Melatonin regulates plant processes at a molecular level, which results in providing better resistance against drought stress. In this review, the authors have discussed various physiological and molecular aspects regulated by melatonin in plants under drought conditions, along with their underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anket Sharma
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Bingsong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
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Qiao Y, Yin L, Wang B, Ke Q, Deng X, Wang S. Melatonin promotes plant growth by increasing nitrogen uptake and assimilation under nitrogen deficient condition in winter wheat. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 139:342-349. [PMID: 30952086 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (MEL) has been widely reported to be beneficial to plant growth and development, but few studies have combined investigations of the performance and function of MEL with detailed physiologically based analyses of nitrogen (N) uptake and metabolism in staple crops. In this study, the effect of MEL application on winter wheat seedling growth and grain yield were investigated in hydroponic and pot experiments at different N levels. The result showed that application of 1 μM MEL in hydroponic solution significantly improved the wheat seedling growth under both N sufficient and deficient conditions, but the effect of MEL on promoting seedling growth was prominent under N deficient condition. Meanwhile, MEL-treated plants maintained higher N contents and nitrate nitrogen levels in shoot under N deficient condition, and also maintained higher nitrate nitrogen levels in root. Further investigation showed that nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS) activities were higher in MEL-treated plants than that of MEL-untreated plants under N deficiency. The N absorption calculated based on N contents and biomass showed that MEL could promote the N absorption under N deficient condition. In pot experiment, pre-soaking of seeds with 100 μM MEL enhanced per-plant yield by 16% under N sufficient condition and 23% under N deficient condition. Taken together, the results of this study indicate that MEL is involved in promoting N uptake and assimilation through up-regulating the activities of N uptake and metabolism related enzymes and, ultimately, promotes the plant growth and yield, especially under N deficient condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Lina Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Bomei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Qingbo Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiping Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Shiwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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Kaya C, Okant M, Ugurlar F, Alyemeni MN, Ashraf M, Ahmad P. Melatonin-mediated nitric oxide improves tolerance to cadmium toxicity by reducing oxidative stress in wheat plants. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 225:627-638. [PMID: 30901656 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Two independent trials were conducted to examine the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in MT-mediated tolerance to Cd toxicity in wheat plants. Cadmium toxicity considerably led to a decrease in plant growth, total chlorophyll, PSII maximum efficiency (Fv/Fm), leaf water potential, potassium (K+) and calcium (Ca2+). Simultaneously, it caused an increase in levels of leaf malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), electron leakage (EL), cadmium (Cd) and nitric oxide (NO) compared to those in control plants. Both MT (50 or 100 μM) treatments increased plant growth attributes and leaf Ca2+ and K+ in the leaves, but reduced MDA, H2O2 as well as leaf Cd content compared to those in Cd-stressed plants. A further experiment was designed to understand whether or not NO played a role in alleviation of Cd stress in wheat seedlings by melotonin using a scavenger of NO, 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide potassium salt (cPTIO) combined with the MT treatments. Melatonin-enhanced tolerance to Cd stress was completely reversed by the supply of cPTIO, which in turn considerably reduced the levels of endogenous NO. The results evidently showed that MT enhanced tolerance of wheat seedlings to Cd toxicity by triggering the endogenous NO. This was reinforced by the rise in the levels of MDA and H2O2, and decrease in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1), catalase (CAT; EC. 1.11.1.6) and peroxidase (POD; EC. 1.11.1.7). The cPTO supply along with that of MT caused growth inhibition and a considerable increase in leaf Cd. So, both MT and NO together enhanced Cd tolerance in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cengiz Kaya
- Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Department, Agriculture Faculty, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Okant
- Field Crops, Agriculture Faculty, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Ferhat Ugurlar
- Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Department, Agriculture Faculty, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460 Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460 Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Botany, S.P. College Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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Debnath B, Islam W, Li M, Sun Y, Lu X, Mitra S, Hussain M, Liu S, Qiu D. Melatonin Mediates Enhancement of Stress Tolerance in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1040. [PMID: 30818835 PMCID: PMC6429401 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a multifunctional signaling molecule, ubiquitously distributed in different parts of plants and responsible for stimulating several physiological responses to adverse environmental conditions. In the current review, we showed that the biosynthesis of melatonin occurred in plants by themselves, and accumulation of melatonin fluctuated sharply by modulating its biosynthesis and metabolic pathways under stress conditions. Melatonin, with its precursors and derivatives, acted as a powerful growth regulator, bio-stimulator, and antioxidant, which delayed leaf senescence, lessened photosynthesis inhibition, and improved redox homeostasis and the antioxidant system through a direct scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) under abiotic and biotic stress conditions. In addition, exogenous melatonin boosted the growth, photosynthetic, and antioxidant activities in plants, confirming their tolerances against drought, unfavorable temperatures, salinity, heavy metals, acid rain, and pathogens. However, future research, together with recent advancements, would support emerging new approaches to adopt strategies in overcoming the effect of hazardous environments on crops and may have potential implications in expanding crop cultivation against harsh conditions. Thus, farming communities and consumers will benefit from elucidating food safety concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswojit Debnath
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
- Department of Horticulture, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh.
| | - Waqar Islam
- College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China.
| | - Min Li
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Yueting Sun
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Xiaocao Lu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Sangeeta Mitra
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Mubasher Hussain
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Shuang Liu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Dongliang Qiu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
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Kanwar MK, Yu J, Zhou J. Phytomelatonin: Recent advances and future prospects. J Pineal Res 2018; 65:e12526. [PMID: 30256447 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin (MEL) has been revealed as a phylogenetically conserved molecule with a ubiquitous distribution from primitive photosynthetic bacteria to higher plants, including algae and fungi. Since MEL is implicated in numerous plant developmental processes and stress responses, the exploration of its functions in plant has become a rapidly progressing field with the new paradigm of involvement in plants growth and development. The pleiotropic involvement of MEL in regulating the transcripts of numerous genes confirms its vital involvement as a multi-regulatory molecule that architects many aspects of plant development. However, the cumulative research in plants is still preliminary and fragmentary in terms of its established functions compared to what is known about MEL physiology in animals. This supports the need for a comprehensive review that summarizes the new aspects pertaining to its functional role in photosynthesis, phytohormonal interactions under stress, cellular redox signaling, along with other regulatory roles in plant immunity, phytoremediation, and plant microbial interactions. The present review covers the latest advances on the mechanistic roles of phytomelatonin. While phytomelatonin is a sovereign plant growth regulator that can interact with the functions of other plant growth regulators or hormones, its qualifications as a complete phytohormone are still to be established. This review also showcases the yet to be identified potentials of phytomelatonin that will surely encourage the plant scientists to uncover new functional aspects of phytomelatonin in plant growth and development, subsequently improving its status as a potential new phytohormone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar Kanwar
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingquan Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Agricultural Ministry of China, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Agricultural Ministry of China, Hangzhou, China
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Mukherjee S. Novel perspectives on the molecular crosstalk mechanisms of serotonin and melatonin in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 132:33-45. [PMID: 30172851 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Current review focuses on the significant role of serotonin and melatonin in various molecular crosstalk mechanisms in plants. In this context phytohormones (like auxin, gibberellins, ethylene or abscisic acid), plant growth regulators, and associated biomolecules like reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, brassinosteroids and hydrogen sulphide have been discussed in a wider context. Long distance signaling responses of serotonin in association with auxin, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid and ABA have been critically reviewed. Auxin-serotonin crosstalk in relation to PIN protein functioning and root growth regulation appears to be a major advancement in the context of phytoserotonin signaling in plants. Auxin and serotonin share structural similarities which bring possibilities of auxin receptors being surrogated for serotonin transport in plants. The modulation of root apex architecture is highly regulative in terms of serotonin-jasmonic acid crosstalk. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) appears to be a primary mediator of serotonin mediated root growth response. Serotonin induced signaling therefore involve ROS, auxin, JA and ethylene action. Although there exists handful of critical reviews on the role of phytomelatonin in plants, recent advancements on its regulatory role in modulating plant hormones, ROS scavenging enzymes, ROS/RNS and glutathione levels need attention. Melatonin signaling associated with nitrogen metabolism and nitrosative stress are recent developments in plants. Interesting relationship between nitric oxide and melatonin has been established in relation with biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Developments in hydrogen sulphide-melatonin signaling in plants are still at its nascent stage but exhibits promising scopes for future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Mukherjee
- Department of Botany, Jangipur College, University of Kalyani, West Bengal, 742213, India.
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Sharif R, Xie C, Zhang H, Arnao MB, Ali M, Ali Q, Muhammad I, Shalmani A, Nawaz MA, Chen P, Li Y. Melatonin and Its Effects on Plant Systems. Molecules 2018; 23:E2352. [PMID: 30223442 PMCID: PMC6225270 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a nontoxic biological molecule produced in a pineal gland of animals and different tissues of plants. It is an important secondary messenger molecule, playing a vital role in coping with various abiotic and biotic stresses. Melatonin serves as an antioxidant in postharvest technology and enhances the postharvest life of fruits and vegetables. The application of exogenous melatonin alleviated reactive oxygen species and cell damage induced by abiotic and biotic stresses by means of repairing mitochondria. Additionally, the regulation of stress-specific genes and the activation of pathogenesis-related protein and antioxidant enzymes genes under biotic and abiotic stress makes it a more versatile molecule. Besides that, the crosstalk with other phytohormones makes inroads to utilize melatonin against non-testified stress conditions, such as viruses and nematodes. Furthermore, different strategies have been discussed to induce endogenous melatonin activity in order to sustain a plant system. Our review highlighted the diverse roles of melatonin in a plant system, which could be useful in enhancing the environmental friendly crop production and ensure food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahat Sharif
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Chen Xie
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Haiqiang Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Marino B Arnao
- Department of Plant Biology (Plant Physiology), Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Muhammad Ali
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Qasid Ali
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, 07059 Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Izhar Muhammad
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Abdullah Shalmani
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Muhammad Azher Nawaz
- Department of Horticulture, University college of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan.
| | - Peng Chen
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Yuhong Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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Yu Y, Lv Y, Shi Y, Li T, Chen Y, Zhao D, Zhao Z. The Role of Phyto-Melatonin and Related Metabolites in Response to Stress. Molecules 2018; 23:E1887. [PMID: 30060559 PMCID: PMC6222801 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant hormone candidate melatonin has been widely studied in plants under various stress conditions, such as heat, cold, salt, drought, heavy metal, and pathogen attack. Under stress, melatonin usually accumulates sharply by modulating its biosynthesis and metabolic pathways. Beginning from the precursor tryptophan, four consecutive enzymes mediate the biosynthesis of tryptamine or 5-hydroxytryptophan, serotonin, N-acetylserotonin or 5-methoxytryptamine, and melatonin. Then, the compound is catabolized into 2-hydroxymelatonin, cyclic-3-hydroxymelatonin, and N¹-acetyl-N²-formyl-5-methoxyknuramine through 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase catalysis or reaction with reactive oxygen species. As an ancient and powerful antioxidant, melatonin directly scavenges ROS induced by various stress conditions. Furthermore, it confreres stress tolerance by activating the plant's antioxidant system, alleviating photosynthesis inhibition, modulating transcription factors that are involved with stress resisting, and chelating and promoting the transport of heavy metals. Melatonin is even proven to defense against pathogen attacks for the plant by activating other stress-relevant hormones, like salicylic acid, ethylene, and jasmonic acid. Intriguingly, other precursors and metabolite molecules involved with melatonin also can increase stress tolerance for plant except for unconfirmed 5-methoxytryptamine, cyclic-3-hydroxymelatonin, and N¹-acetyl-N²-formyl-5-methoxyknuramine. Therefore, the precursors and metabolites locating at the whole biosynthesis and catabolism pathway of melatonin could contribute to plant stress resistance, thus providing a new perspective for promoting plant stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China.
| | - Yan Lv
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China.
| | - Yana Shi
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China.
| | - Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China.
| | - Yanchun Chen
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China.
| | - Dake Zhao
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease & Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China.
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease & Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China.
| | - Zhiwei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China.
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40
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Zhu X, Liu S, Sun L, Song F, Liu F, Li X. Cold Tolerance of Photosynthetic Electron Transport System Is Enhanced in Wheat Plants Grown Under Elevated CO 2. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:933. [PMID: 30022988 PMCID: PMC6039710 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The effects of CO2 elevation on sensitivity of photosynthetic electron transport system of wheat in relation to low temperature stress are unclear. The performance of photosynthetic electron transport system and antioxidant system in chloroplasts was investigated in a temperature sensitive wheat cultivar Lianmai6 grown under the combination of low temperature (2 days at 2/-1°C in the day/night) and CO2 elevation (800 μmol l-1). It was found that CO2 elevation increased the efficiency of photosynthetic electron transport in wheat exposed to low temperature stress, which was related to the enhanced maximum quantum yield for electron transport beyond QA and the increased quantum yield for reduction of end electron acceptors at the PSI acceptor side in plants under elevated CO2. Also, under low temperature, the activities of ATPases, ascorbate peroxidase, and catalase in chloroplasts were enhanced in wheat under elevated CO2. It suggested that the cold tolerance of photosynthetic electron transport system is enhanced by CO2 elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiancan Zhu
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Shengqun Liu
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Luying Sun
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Fengbin Song
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Fulai Liu
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xiangnan Li
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
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Cold Priming Induced Tolerance to Subsequent Low Temperature Stress is Enhanced by Melatonin Application during Recovery in Wheat. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23051091. [PMID: 29734723 PMCID: PMC6100458 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold priming can alleviate the effects of subsequent cold stress on wheat plant growth. Melatonin plays a key role in cold stress response in plants. In this study, the effects of foliar melatonin application during recovery on the cold tolerance of cold primed wheat plants were investigated. It was found that both melatonin and cold priming increased the photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance, enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes, and altered the related gene expressions in wheat under cold stress. Melatonin application is helpful for the photosynthetic carbon assimilation and membrane stability of the cold primed plants under cold stress. These results suggested that foliar melatonin application during recovery enhanced the cold priming induced tolerance to subsequent low temperature stress in wheat.
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Exogenous Melatonin Confers Cadmium Tolerance by Counterbalancing the Hydrogen Peroxide Homeostasis in Wheat Seedlings. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23040799. [PMID: 29601513 PMCID: PMC6017192 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin has emerged as a research highlight regarding its important role in regulating plant growth and the adaptation to the environmental stresses. In this study, we investigated how melatonin prevented the cadmium toxicity to wheat seedlings. The results demonstrated that cadmium induced the expression of melatonin biosynthesis-related genes and cause a significant increase of endogenous melatonin level. Melatonin treatment drastically alleviated the cadmium toxicity, resulting in increased plant height, biomass accumulation, and root growth. Cadmium and senescence treatment significantly increased the endogenous level of hydrogen peroxide, which was strictly counterbalanced by melatonin. Furthermore, melatonin treatment caused a significant increase of GSH (reduced glutathione) content and the GSH/GSSG (oxidized glutathione) ratio. The activities of two key antioxidant enzymes, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), but not catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD), were specifically improved by melatonin. Additionally, melatonin not only promoted the primary root growth, but also drastically enhanced the capacity of the seedling roots to degrade the exogenous hydrogen peroxide. These results suggested that melatonin played a key role in maintaining the hydrogen peroxide homeostasis, via regulation of the antioxidant systems. Conclusively, this study revealed a crucial protective role of melatonin in the regulation of cadmium resistance in wheat.
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Debnath B, Hussain M, Irshad M, Mitra S, Li M, Liu S, Qiu D. Exogenous Melatonin Mitigates Acid Rain Stress to Tomato Plants through Modulation of Leaf Ultrastructure, Photosynthesis and Antioxidant Potential. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020388. [PMID: 29439491 PMCID: PMC6017902 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Acid rain (AR) is a serious global environmental issue causing physio-morphological changes in plants. Melatonin, as an indoleamine molecule, has been known to mediate many physiological processes in plants under different kinds of environmental stress. However, the role of melatonin in acid rain stress tolerance remains inexpressible. This study investigated the possible role of melatonin on different physiological responses involving reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism in tomato plants under simulated acid rain (SAR) stress. SAR stress caused the inhibition of growth, damaged the grana lamella of the chloroplast, photosynthesis, and increased accumulation of ROS and lipid peroxidation in tomato plants. To cope the detrimental effect of SAR stress, plants under SAR condition had increased both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant substances compared with control plants. But such an increase in the antioxidant activities were incapable of inhibiting the destructive effect of SAR stress. Meanwhile, melatonin treatment increased SAR-stress tolerance by repairing the grana lamella of the chloroplast, improving photosynthesis and antioxidant activities compared with those in SAR-stressed plants. However, these possible effects of melatonin are dependent on concentration. Moreover, our study suggests that 100-μM melatonin treatment improved the SAR-stress tolerance by increasing photosynthesis and ROS scavenging antioxidant activities in tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswojit Debnath
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Department of Horticulture, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh.
| | - Mubasher Hussain
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Muhammad Irshad
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Sangeeta Mitra
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Min Li
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Shuang Liu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Dongliang Qiu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Ahammed GJ, Xu W, Liu A, Chen S. COMT1 Silencing Aggravates Heat Stress-Induced Reduction in Photosynthesis by Decreasing Chlorophyll Content, Photosystem II Activity, and Electron Transport Efficiency in Tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:998. [PMID: 30065736 PMCID: PMC6056654 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite a range of initiatives to reduce global carbon emission, the mean global temperature is increasing due to climate change. Since rising temperatures pose a serious threat of food insecurity, it is important to further explore important biological molecules that can confer thermotolerance to plants. Recently, melatonin has emerged as a universal abiotic stress regulator that can enhance plant tolerance to high temperature. Nonetheless, such regulatory roles of melatonin were unraveled mainly by assessing the effect of exogenous melatonin on plant tolerance to abiotic stress. Here, we generated melatonin deficient tomato plants by silencing of a melatonin biosynthetic gene, CAFFEIC ACID O-METHYLTRANSFERASE 1 (COMT1), to unveil the role of endogenous melatonin in photosynthesis under heat stress. We examined photosynthetic pigment content, leaf gas exchange, and a range of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. The results showed that silencing of COMT1 aggravated heat stress by inhibiting both the light reactions and the carbon fixation reactions of photosynthesis. The photosynthetic pigment content, light absorption flux, trapped energy flux, energy dissipation, density of active reaction center per photosystem II (PSII) cross-section, the photosynthetic electron transport rate, the maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII photochemistry, and the rate of CO2 assimilation all decreased in COMT1-silenced plants compared with that of non-silenced plants particularly under heat stress. However, exogenous melatonin alleviated heat-induced photosynthetic inhibition in both genotypes, indicating that melatonin is essential for maintaining photosynthetic capacity under stressful conditions. These findings provide genetic evidence on the vital role of melatonin in photosynthesis and thus may have useful implication in horticultural crop management in the face of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golam J. Ahammed
- College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- *Correspondence: Golam J. Ahammed,
| | - Wen Xu
- Department of Horticulture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Airong Liu
- College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Shuangchen Chen
- College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
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