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Cai F, Wang C. Comprehensive review of the phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology of alkamides (2016-2022). PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 220:114006. [PMID: 38309452 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Alkamides refer to a class of natural active small-molecule products composed of fatty acids and amine groups. These compounds are widely distributed in plants, and their unique structures and various pharmacological activities have caught the attention of scholars. This review provides a collection of literatures related to the phytochemistry, pharmacological effects, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of alkamides published in 2016-2022 and their summary to provide references for further development of this class of ingredients. A total of 234 components (including chiral isomers) were summarized, pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antidiabetic, analgesic, neuroprotective, insecticidal, antioxidant, and antibacterial, and miscellaneous properties of alkamides were discussed. In addition, the pharmacokinetic characteristics and toxicity of alkamides were reviewed. However, information on the pharmacological mechanisms of the action, drug safety, and pharmacokinetics of alkamides is limited and thus requires further investigation and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujie Cai
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Changhong Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Minich DM, Ross K, Frame J, Fahoum M, Warner W, Meissner HO. Not All Maca Is Created Equal: A Review of Colors, Nutrition, Phytochemicals, and Clinical Uses. Nutrients 2024; 16:530. [PMID: 38398854 PMCID: PMC10892513 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Maca (Lepidium meyenii, Lepidium peruvianum) is part of the Brassicaceae family and grows at high altitudes in the Peruvian Andes mountain range (3500-5000 m). Historically, it has been used as a nutrient-dense food and for its medicinal properties, primarily in enhancing energy and fertility. Scientific research has validated these traditional uses and other clinical applications by elucidating maca's mechanisms of action, nutrition, and phytochemical content. However, research over the last twenty years has identified up to seventeen different colors (phenotypes) of maca. The color, hypocotyl size, growing location, cultivation, and post-harvest processing methods can have a significant effect on the nutrition content, phytochemical profile, and clinical application. Yet, research differentiating the colors of maca and clinical applications remains limited. In this review, research on the nutrition, phytochemicals, and various colors of maca, including black, red, yellow (predominant colors), purple, gray (lesser-known colors), and any combination of colors, including proprietary formulations, will be discussed based on available preclinical and clinical trials. The gaps, deficiencies, and conflicts in the studies will be detailed, along with quality, safety, and efficacy criteria, highlighting the need for future research to specify all these factors of the maca used in publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna M. Minich
- Human Nutrition and Functional Medicine, Adjunct Faculty, University of Western States, Portland, OR 97213, USA
- Food & Spirit, LLC, Port Orchard, WA 98366, USA
- Symphony Natural Health, Inc., West Valley City, UT 84119, USA; (K.R.); (M.F.); (W.W.)
- Symphony Natural Health Institute, West Valley City, UT 84119, USA
| | - Kim Ross
- Symphony Natural Health, Inc., West Valley City, UT 84119, USA; (K.R.); (M.F.); (W.W.)
- Symphony Natural Health Institute, West Valley City, UT 84119, USA
- Kim Ross Consulting, LLC, Lakewood Ranch, FL 34211, USA
- College of Nutrition, Sonoran University of Health Sciences, Tempe, AZ 85282, USA
| | - James Frame
- Symphony Natural Health Holdings Inc., Craigmuir Chambers, Road Town, Tortola VG1110, (BVI), UK;
- Natural Health International Pty Ltd., Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Mona Fahoum
- Symphony Natural Health, Inc., West Valley City, UT 84119, USA; (K.R.); (M.F.); (W.W.)
- Meridian Medicine, Seattle, WA 98133, USA
- Bastyr Center for Natural Health, Bastyr University, Kenmore, WA 98028, USA
| | - Wendy Warner
- Symphony Natural Health, Inc., West Valley City, UT 84119, USA; (K.R.); (M.F.); (W.W.)
- Wendy Warner, MD, PC, Yardley, PA 19067, USA
| | - Henry O. Meissner
- National Institute of Complementary Medicine, Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Building J, 158-160 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia;
- Therapeutic Research, TTD International Pty Ltd., 39 Leopard Ave., Elanora-Gold Coast, QLD 4221, Australia
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Kheradmandi M, Farnoud AM, Burdick MM. Development of Cell-Derived Plasma Membrane Vesicles as a Nanoparticle Encapsulation and Delivery System. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.06.552132. [PMID: 37609185 PMCID: PMC10441347 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.06.552132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Developing non-invasive delivery platforms with a high level of structural and/or functional similarity to biological membranes is highly desirable to reduce toxicity and improve targeting capacity of nanoparticles. Numerous studies have investigated the impacts of physicochemical properties of engineered biomimetic nanoparticles on their interaction with cells, yet technical difficulties have led to the search for better biomimetics, including vesicles isolated directly from live cells. Cell-derived giant plasma membrane vesicles (GPMVs), in particular, offer a close approximation of the intact cell plasma membrane by maintaining the latter's compositional complexity, protein positioning in a fluid-mosaic pattern, and physical and mechanical properties. Thus, to overcome technical barriers of prior nanoparticle delivery approaches, we aimed to develop a novel method using GPMVs to encapsulate a variety of engineered nanoparticles, then use these core-shell, nanoparticle-GPMV vesicle structures to deliver cargo to other cells. Results The GPMV system in this study was generated by chemically inducing vesiculation in A549 cells, a model human alveolar epithelial line. These cell-derived GPMVs retained encapsulated silica nanoparticles (50 nm diameter) for at least 48 hours at 37 °C. GPMVs showed nearly identical lipid and protein membrane profiles as the parental cell plasma membrane, with or without encapsulation of nanoparticles. Notably, GPMVs were readily endocytosed in the parental A549 cell line as well as the human monocytic THP-1 cell line. Higher cellular uptake levels were observed for GPMV-encapsulated nanoparticles compared to control groups, including free nanoparticles. Further, GPMVs delivered a variety of nanoparticles to parental cells with reduced cytotoxicity compared to free nanoparticles at concentrations that were otherwise significantly toxic. Conclusions We have introduced a novel technique to load nanoparticles within the cell plasma membrane during the GPMV vesiculation process. These GPMVs are capable of (a) encapsulating different types of nanoparticles (including larger and not highly-positively charged bodies that have been technically challenging cargoes) using a parental cell uptake technique, and (b) improving delivery of nanoparticles to cells without significant cytotoxicity. Ultimately, endogenous surface membrane proteins and lipids can optimize the physicochemical properties of cell membrane-derived vesicles, which could lead to highly effective cell membrane-based nanoparticle/drug delivery systems.
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Cang S, Liu R, Jin W, Tang Q, Li W, Mu K, Jin P, Bi K, Li Q. Integrated DIA proteomics and lipidomics analysis on non-small cell lung cancer patients with TCM syndromes. Chin Med 2021; 16:126. [PMID: 34838074 PMCID: PMC8627049 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00535-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer remains the leading cause of mortality from malignant tumors, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for the majority of lung cancer cases, and individualized diagnosis and treatment is an effective trend. The individual characteristics of different traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes of NSCLC patients may be revealed by highly specific molecular profiles. Methods In this study, 10 NSCLC patients with Qi deficiency and Yin deficiency (QDYD) syndrome and 10 patients with Qi deficiency of lung-spleen (QDLS) syndrome in TNM stage III-IV as well as 10 healthy volunteers were enrolled. Aiming at the varied syndromes of NSCLC patients with “Yin deficiency” as the main difference, a proteomics research based on data-independent acquisition (DIA) was developed. Of the dysregulated proteins in NSCLC patients, lipid metabolism was significantly enriched. Thereafter, nontargeted lipidomics research based on UPLC-Q-TOF/MS was performed in 16 patients, with 8 individuals randomly selected from each syndrome group. Furthermore, the considerably different characteristics between the syndromes and pathological mechanisms of NSCLC were screened by statistical and biological integrations of proteomics and lipidomics and the differential metabolic pathways of the two similar syndromes were further explored. Besides, lipids biomarkers were verified by a clinically used anticancer Chinese medicine, and the level of key differential proteins in the two syndromes was also validated using ELISA. Results The results showed that glycerophospholipid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, glycolipid metabolism, and primary bile acid biosynthesis were altered in NSCLC patients and that glycerophospholipid metabolism was significantly changed between the two syndromes in lipidomics analysis. Among the proteins and lipids, ALDOC and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPCs) were revealed to have a strong relationship by statistical and biological integration analysis, and could effectively distinguish QDLS and QDYD syndromes. Notably, the patients with different syndromes had the most typical metabolic patterns in glycerophospholipid metabolism and glycolysis, reflecting the differences in the syndromes dominated by “Yin deficiency”. Conclusions ALDOC and LPCs could be employed for the differentiation of NSCLC patients with QDLS and QDYD syndromes, and “Yin deficiency” might be associated with glycerophospholipid metabolism and glycolysis pathway. The results provided a theoretical basis for “Syndrome differentiation” in TCM diagnosis. Moreover, the developed integrated strategy could also provide a reference for individualized diagnosis and treatment of other diseases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13020-021-00535-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Cang
- School of Pharmacy, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Ran Liu
- School of Applied Chemistry and Biological Technology, Shenzhen Polytechnic, 7098 Lau sin Avenue, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Wei Jin
- Department of Chinese Medicine, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 17, Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Qi Tang
- School of Pharmacy, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Wanjun Li
- School of Pharmacy, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Kunqian Mu
- School of Pharmacy, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Pengfei Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Assessment of Clinical Drugs Risk and Individual Application, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, No. 1 Dahua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Kaishun Bi
- School of Pharmacy, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Qing Li
- School of Pharmacy, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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Rahmatbakhsh M, Gagarinova A, Babu M. Bioinformatic Analysis of Temporal and Spatial Proteome Alternations During Infections. Front Genet 2021; 12:667936. [PMID: 34276775 PMCID: PMC8283032 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.667936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial pathogens have evolved numerous mechanisms to hijack host's systems, thus causing disease. This is mediated by alterations in the combined host-pathogen proteome in time and space. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics approaches have been developed and tailored to map disease progression. The result is complex multidimensional data that pose numerous analytic challenges for downstream interpretation. However, a systematic review of approaches for the downstream analysis of such data has been lacking in the field. In this review, we detail the steps of a typical temporal and spatial analysis, including data pre-processing steps (i.e., quality control, data normalization, the imputation of missing values, and dimensionality reduction), different statistical and machine learning approaches, validation, interpretation, and the extraction of biological information from mass spectrometry data. We also discuss current best practices for these steps based on a collection of independent studies to guide users in selecting the most suitable strategies for their dataset and analysis objectives. Moreover, we also compiled the list of commonly used R software packages for each step of the analysis. These could be easily integrated into one's analysis pipeline. Furthermore, we guide readers through various analysis steps by applying these workflows to mock and host-pathogen interaction data from public datasets. The workflows presented in this review will serve as an introduction for data analysis novices, while also helping established users update their data analysis pipelines. We conclude the review by discussing future directions and developments in temporal and spatial proteomics and data analysis approaches. Data analysis codes, prepared for this review are available from https://github.com/BabuLab-UofR/TempSpac, where guidelines and sample datasets are also offered for testing purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alla Gagarinova
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, & Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Mohan Babu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
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Jiao M, Dong Q, Zhang Y, Lin M, Zhou W, Liu T, Yuan B, Yin H. Neuroprotection of N-benzyl Eicosapentaenamide in Neonatal Mice Following Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113108. [PMID: 34067444 PMCID: PMC8197015 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Maca (Lepidium meyenii) has emerged as a popular functional plant food because of its medicinal properties and nutritional value. Macamides, as the exclusively active ingredients found in maca, are a unique series of non-polar, long-chain fatty acid N-benzylamides with multiple bioactivities such as antifatigue characteristics and improving reproductive health. In this study, a new kind of macamide, N-benzyl eicosapentaenamide (NB-EPA), was identified from maca. We further explore its potential neuroprotective role in hypoxic–ischemic brain injury. Our findings indicated that treatment with biosynthesized NB-EPA significantly alleviates the size of cerebral infarction and improves neurobehavioral disorders after hypoxic–ischemic brain damage in neonatal mice. NB-EPA inhibited the apoptosis of neuronal cells after ischemic challenge. NB-EPA improved neuronal cell survival and proliferation through the activation of phosphorylated AKT signaling. Of note, the protective property of NB-EPA against ischemic neuronal damage was dependent on suppression of the p53–PUMA pathway. Taken together, these findings suggest that NB-EPA may represent a new neuroprotectant for newborns with hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengya Jiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (M.J.); (Q.D.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (B.Y.)
| | - Qun Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (M.J.); (Q.D.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (B.Y.)
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yiting Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (M.J.); (Q.D.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (B.Y.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Min Lin
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510310, China;
| | - Wan Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (M.J.); (Q.D.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (B.Y.)
| | - Tao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (M.J.); (Q.D.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (B.Y.)
- Correspondence: (T.L.); (H.Y.)
| | - Baohong Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (M.J.); (Q.D.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (B.Y.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hui Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (M.J.); (Q.D.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (B.Y.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Correspondence: (T.L.); (H.Y.)
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Zha R, Ge E, Guo L, Gao Q, Lin Q, Zhou W, Jin X, Xie W, Yin H, Liu T. A newly identified polyunsaturated macamide alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice. Fitoterapia 2021; 152:104916. [PMID: 33945874 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2021.104916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Macamides are a class of bioactive amide alkaloids found only in maca (Lepidium meyenii). Recent studies have shown that macamide-rich extracts possess various biological activities, such as antioxidative, immune-enhancing, and reproductive health-improving activities. In the present study, N-benzyl docosahexaenamide (NB-DHA), a newly identified macamide with the highest degree of unsaturation among all identified macamides, was identified from the maca extract. Microalgae oil, a docosahexaenoic acid-rich substance, was used as the starting material for the synthesis of NB-DHA. The effects of NB-DHA in colitis-induced mice were evaluated. NB-DHA significantly alleviated weight loss, shortening of colon length, and occult blood occurrence in mice with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. Histological analysis revealed that following the administration of NB-DHA in mice with colitis, the infiltration of inflammatory cells and levels of proinflammatory factors, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and myeloperoxidase, decreased, whereas the level of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 increased. Furthermore, the decreased expression of intestinal tight junction proteins caused by colitis was upregulated by the administration of NB-DHA. These results indicate that NB-DHA could be developed as a therapeutic agent for ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zha
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Enhui Ge
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lirong Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qing Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qiqi Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wan Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaobao Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weiquan Xie
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, China
| | - Hui Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Tao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Chen WH, Lin YX, Lin L, Zhang BQ, Xu SX, Wang W. Identification of potential candidate proteins for reprogramming spinal cord-derived astrocytes into neurons: a proteomic analysis. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:2257-2263. [PMID: 33818510 PMCID: PMC8354129 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.310697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous study has confirmed that astrocytes overexpressing neurogenic differentiation factor 1 (NEUROD1) in the spinal cord can be reprogrammed into neurons under in vivo conditions. However, whether they can also be reprogrammed into neurons under in vitro conditions remains unclear, and the mechanisms of programmed conversion from astrocytes to neurons have not yet been clarified. In the present study, we prepared reactive astrocytes from newborn rat spinal cord astrocytes using the scratch method and infected them with lentivirus carrying NEUROD1. The results showed that NEUROD1 overexpression reprogrammed the cultured reactive astrocytes into neurons in vitro with an efficiency of 13.4%. Using proteomic and bioinformatic analyses, 1952 proteins were identified, of which 92 were differentially expressed. Among these proteins, 11 were identified as candidate proteins in the process of reprogramming based on their biological functions and fold-changes in the bioinformatic analysis. Furthermore, western blot assay revealed that casein kinase II subunit alpha (CSNK2A2) and pinin (PNN) expression in NEUROD1-overexpressing reactive astrocytes was significantly increased, suggesting that NEUROD1 can directly reprogram spinal cord-derived reactive astrocytes into neurons in vitro, and that the NEUROD1-CSNK2A2-PNN pathway is involved in this process. This study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Fujian Medical University, China (approval No. 2016-05) on April 18, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hao Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Lin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bao-Quan Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Shu-Xia Xu
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
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Macamides: A review of structures, isolation, therapeutics and prospects. Food Res Int 2020; 138:109819. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Tena Pérez V, Apaza Ticona L, Serban AM, Acero Gómez J, Rumbero Sánchez Á. Synthesis and biological screening of a library of macamides as TNF-α inhibitors. RSC Med Chem 2020; 11:1196-1209. [PMID: 33479624 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00208a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thirty-five macamide analogues were synthesised by modifying the initial molecular structure. The resulting structures were confirmed using NMR and MS. Cytotoxicity and the anti-inflammatory activity of these synthetic macamides were evaluated in the THP-1 cell line. Preliminary biological evaluation indicated that most of these synthetic macamides did not present cytotoxicity (MTT assay) in the tested cell line with respect to the control (actinomycin D). Regarding the anti-inflammatory activity, several analogues had a greater potential for inhibition of TNF-α than natural macamides. Synthetic macamide 4a was the most active (IC50 = 0.009 ± 0.001 μM) compared to the C87 (control). Through looking at the link between the chemical structure and the activity, our study proves that changes made to natural macamides at the level of the alkyl chain, the benzyl position, the amide bond, and the addition of two methyl groups to the aromatic ring (meta position) lead us to obtaining new macamides with greater anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Tena Pérez
- Department of Organic Chemistry , Faculty of Sciences , University Autónoma of Madrid , Cantoblanco , 28049 Madrid , Spain . ;
| | - Luis Apaza Ticona
- Department of Organic Chemistry , Faculty of Sciences , University Autónoma of Madrid , Cantoblanco , 28049 Madrid , Spain . ; .,Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany , Faculty of Pharmacy , University Complutense of Madrid , Ciudad Universitaria s/n , 28040 Madrid , Spain
| | - Andreea Madalina Serban
- Maria Sklodowska Curie University Hospital for Children , Constantin Brancoveanu Boulevard , 077120 Bucharest , Romania
| | - Javier Acero Gómez
- Department of Organic Chemistry , Faculty of Sciences , University Autónoma of Madrid , Cantoblanco , 28049 Madrid , Spain . ;
| | - Ángel Rumbero Sánchez
- Department of Organic Chemistry , Faculty of Sciences , University Autónoma of Madrid , Cantoblanco , 28049 Madrid , Spain . ;
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Islam A, Takeyama E, Mamun MA, Sato T, Horikawa M, Takahashi Y, Kikushima K, Setou M. Green Nut Oil or DHA Supplementation Restored Decreased Distribution Levels of DHA Containing Phosphatidylcholines in the Brain of a Mouse Model of Dementia. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10040153. [PMID: 32316172 PMCID: PMC7240946 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10040153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a major public health concern nowadays. Reduced levels of brain docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and DHA-phosphatidylcholines (DHA-PCs) in dementia patients were reported previously. Recently, we have reported that supplementation of green nut oil (GNO) or DHA improves memory function and distribution levels of brain DHA in senescence accelerated mice P8 (SAMP8). GNO is extracted from Plukenetia volubilis seeds, and SAMP8 is a well-known model mouse of dementia. In this current study, we examined the results of GNO or DHA supplementation in the distribution levels of brain DHA-PCs in same model mouse of dementia using desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI). We observed significantly decreased distribution of brain DHA-PCs, PC (16:0_22:6), and PC (18:0_22:6) in SAMP8 mice compared to wild type mice, and GNO or DHA treatment restored the decreased distribution levels of PC (16:0_22:6) and PC (18:0_22:6) in the brain of SAMP8 mice. These results indicate that GNO or DHA supplementation can ameliorate the decreased distribution of brain DHA-PCs in dementia, and could be potentially used for the prevention and treatment of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariful Islam
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan; (A.I.); (M.A.M.); (T.S.); (M.H.); (Y.T.); (K.K.)
| | - Emiko Takeyama
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Graduate School of Human Life Sciences, Showa Women’s University, Taishido, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 154-8533, Japan;
- Institute of Women’s Health Sciences, Showa Women’s University, Taishido, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 154-8533, Japan
| | - Md. Al Mamun
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan; (A.I.); (M.A.M.); (T.S.); (M.H.); (Y.T.); (K.K.)
| | - Tomohito Sato
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan; (A.I.); (M.A.M.); (T.S.); (M.H.); (Y.T.); (K.K.)
- International Mass Imaging Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Makoto Horikawa
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan; (A.I.); (M.A.M.); (T.S.); (M.H.); (Y.T.); (K.K.)
- International Mass Imaging Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Yutaka Takahashi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan; (A.I.); (M.A.M.); (T.S.); (M.H.); (Y.T.); (K.K.)
| | - Kenji Kikushima
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan; (A.I.); (M.A.M.); (T.S.); (M.H.); (Y.T.); (K.K.)
- International Mass Imaging Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Setou
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan; (A.I.); (M.A.M.); (T.S.); (M.H.); (Y.T.); (K.K.)
- International Mass Imaging Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
- Department of Systems Molecular Anatomy, Institute for Medical Photonics Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-053-435-2086
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