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Tong Y, Xue J, Li Q, Zhang L. A generalist regulator: MYB transcription factors regulate the biosynthesis of active compounds in medicinal plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:4729-4744. [PMID: 38767602 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Medicinal plants are rich in a variety of secondary metabolites with therapeutic value. However, the yields of these metabolites are generally very low, making their extraction both time-consuming and labour-intensive. Transcription factor-targeted secondary metabolic engineering can efficiently regulate the biosynthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants. v-Myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog (MYB) transcription factors are involved in regulating various morphological and developmental processes, responses to stress, and the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in plants. This review discusses the biological functions and transcription regulation mechanisms of MYB transcription factors and summarizes research progress concerning MYB transcription factors involved in the biosynthesis of representative active components. In the transcriptional regulatory network, MYB transcription factors regulate multiple synthase genes to mediate the biosynthesis of active compounds. This work will serve as a reference for an in-depth analysis of the MYB transcription factor family in medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Jianping Xue
- Innovative Drug R&D Center, College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, China
| | - Qizhang Li
- Innovative Drug R&D Center, College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Mamani Ramos Y, Huamán Castilla NL, Colque Ayma EJ, Mamani Condori N, Campos Quiróz CN, Vilca FZ. Divergent effects of azithromycin on purple corn (Zea mays L.) cultivation: Impact on biomass and antioxidant compounds. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307548. [PMID: 39172948 PMCID: PMC11340972 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study assessed the impact of using irrigation water contaminated with Azithromycin (AZM) residues on the biomass and antioxidant compounds of purple corn; for this purpose, the plants were cultivated under ambient conditions, and the substrate used consisted of soil free from AZM residues, mixed with compost in a ratio of 1:1 (v/v). The experiment was completely randomized with four replications, with treatments of 0, 1, 10, and 100 μg/L of AZM. The results indicate that the presence of AZM in irrigation water at doses of 1 and 10 μg/L increases the weight of dry aboveground biomass, while at an amount of 100 μg/L, it decreases. Likewise, this study reveals that by increasing the concentration of AZM from 1 to 10 μg/L, total polyphenols and monomeric anthocyanins double, in contrast, with an increase to 100 μg/L, these decrease by 44 and 53%, respectively. It has been demonstrated that purple corn exposed to the antibiotic AZM at low doses has a notable antioxidant function in terms of DPPH and ORAC. The content of flavonols, phenolic acids, and flavanols increases by 57, 28, and 83%, respectively, when the AZM concentration is from 1 to 10 μg/L. However, with an increase to 100 μg/L, these compounds decrease by 17, 40, and 42%, respectively. On the other hand, stem length, root length, and dry weight of root biomass are not significantly affected by the presence of AZM in irrigation water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoselin Mamani Ramos
- Escuela Profesional de Ingeniería Ambiental de la Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Urb Ciudad Jardín-Pacocha-Ilo, Perú
- Laboratorio de Contaminantes Orgánicos y Ambiente del IINDEP de la Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Urb Ciudad Jardín-Pacocha-Ilo, Perú
| | - Nils Leander Huamán Castilla
- Escuela Profesional de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Moquegua, Perú
- Laboratorio de Tecnologías Sustentables para la Extracción de Compuestos de Alto Valor, Instituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo del Perú, Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Moquegua, Perú
| | - Elvis Jack Colque Ayma
- Laboratorio de Contaminantes Orgánicos y Ambiente del IINDEP de la Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Urb Ciudad Jardín-Pacocha-Ilo, Perú
| | - Noemi Mamani Condori
- Escuela Profesional de Ingeniería Ambiental de la Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Urb Ciudad Jardín-Pacocha-Ilo, Perú
- Laboratorio de Contaminantes Orgánicos y Ambiente del IINDEP de la Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Urb Ciudad Jardín-Pacocha-Ilo, Perú
| | - Clara Nely Campos Quiróz
- Laboratorio de Contaminantes Orgánicos y Ambiente del IINDEP de la Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Urb Ciudad Jardín-Pacocha-Ilo, Perú
| | - Franz Zirena Vilca
- Escuela Profesional de Ingeniería Ambiental de la Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Urb Ciudad Jardín-Pacocha-Ilo, Perú
- Laboratorio de Contaminantes Orgánicos y Ambiente del IINDEP de la Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Urb Ciudad Jardín-Pacocha-Ilo, Perú
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Moshari-Nasirkandi A, Iaccarino N, Romano F, Graziani G, Alirezalu A, Alipour H, Amato J. Chemometrics-based analysis of the phytochemical profile and antioxidant activity of Salvia species from Iran. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17317. [PMID: 39068233 PMCID: PMC11283568 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68421-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the exploration of the therapeutic potential of Salvia has gained considerable attention, leading to a growing number of scientific studies emphasizing its pharmacological properties. Despite this, therapeutic applications of Salvia remain underexploited, requiring further investigation. Iran is a major center for sage diversity in Asia, boasting 60 Salvia species, 17 of which are unique to the area. This study aimed to comprehensively explore and compare the extracts of 102 Salvia samples belonging to 20 distinct Salvia species from Iran, providing a deeper understanding of their specific polyphenol content and, consequently, their antioxidant capabilities and potential therapeutic uses. All samples were analyzed to determine the contents of total phenolics, total flavonoids, total tannin, photosynthetic pigments, and ascorbic acid, along with their antioxidant activity. These data were then combined with the forty distinct chemical fingerprints identified by ultrafast high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry. Multivariate data analysis was employed to find correlations and differences among the huge number of data obtained and to identify Salvia species with similar phytochemical and/or antioxidant properties. The results show that each Salvia species is characterized by a distinct class of polyphenols recognized for their antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective and neuroprotective properties. Overall, our findings reveal the potential of some Salvia species for targeted therapeutic applications and provide a rational basis for the development of Salvia-derived nutraceuticals, ultimately improving the prospects for the use of Salvia in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nunzia Iaccarino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Romano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giulia Graziani
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Abolfazl Alirezalu
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Hadi Alipour
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Jussara Amato
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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Huamán-Castilla NL, Díaz Huamaní KS, Palomino Villegas YC, Allcca-Alca EE, León-Calvo NC, Colque Ayma EJ, Zirena Vilca F, Mariotti-Celis MS. Exploring a Sustainable Process for Polyphenol Extraction from Olive Leaves. Foods 2024; 13:265. [PMID: 38254566 PMCID: PMC10814471 DOI: 10.3390/foods13020265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Olive leaves are residues from pruning and harvesting and are considered an environmental management problems. Interestingly, these residues contain high polyphenol concentrations, which can be used to treat chronic diseases. However, these compounds are a technological challenge due to their thermolability and reactivity during extraction. Thus, this study assessed the use of pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with green solvents like water-ethanol and water-glycerol mixtures (0-15%) at 50 °C and 70 °C to yield polyphenol-rich antioxidant extracts with reduced glucose and fructose content. The use of 30% ethanol at 70°C presented the highest polyphenol content (15.29 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight) and antioxidant capacity, which was expressed as IC50 (half maximal inhibitory concentration): 5.49 mg/mL and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC): 1259 μmol Trolox equivalent/g dry weight, as well as lower sugar content (glucose: 3.75 mg/g dry weight, fructose: 5.68 mg/g dry weight) compared to water-glycerol mixtures. Interestingly, ethanol exhibits a higher degree of effectiveness in recovering flavanols, stilbenes and secoiridoids, while glycerol improves the extraction of phenolic acids and flavonols. Therefore, to enhance the efficiency of polyphenol recovery during the PLE process, it is necessary to consider its solvent composition and chemical structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Leander Huamán-Castilla
- Escuela de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Prolongación Calle Ancash s/n, Moquegua 18001, Peru; (K.S.D.H.); (Y.C.P.V.); (E.E.A.-A.); (N.C.L.-C.)
- Laboratorio de Tecnologías Sustentables para la Extracción de Compuestos de Alto Valor, Instituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo del Perú (IINDEP), Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Prolongación Calle Ancash s/n, Moquegua 18001, Peru
| | - Karla Syndel Díaz Huamaní
- Escuela de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Prolongación Calle Ancash s/n, Moquegua 18001, Peru; (K.S.D.H.); (Y.C.P.V.); (E.E.A.-A.); (N.C.L.-C.)
- Laboratorio de Tecnologías Sustentables para la Extracción de Compuestos de Alto Valor, Instituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo del Perú (IINDEP), Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Prolongación Calle Ancash s/n, Moquegua 18001, Peru
| | - Yolanda Cristina Palomino Villegas
- Escuela de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Prolongación Calle Ancash s/n, Moquegua 18001, Peru; (K.S.D.H.); (Y.C.P.V.); (E.E.A.-A.); (N.C.L.-C.)
- Laboratorio de Tecnologías Sustentables para la Extracción de Compuestos de Alto Valor, Instituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo del Perú (IINDEP), Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Prolongación Calle Ancash s/n, Moquegua 18001, Peru
| | - Erik Edwin Allcca-Alca
- Escuela de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Prolongación Calle Ancash s/n, Moquegua 18001, Peru; (K.S.D.H.); (Y.C.P.V.); (E.E.A.-A.); (N.C.L.-C.)
- Laboratorio de Tecnologías Sustentables para la Extracción de Compuestos de Alto Valor, Instituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo del Perú (IINDEP), Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Prolongación Calle Ancash s/n, Moquegua 18001, Peru
| | - Nilton Cesar León-Calvo
- Escuela de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Prolongación Calle Ancash s/n, Moquegua 18001, Peru; (K.S.D.H.); (Y.C.P.V.); (E.E.A.-A.); (N.C.L.-C.)
- Laboratorio de Tecnologías Sustentables para la Extracción de Compuestos de Alto Valor, Instituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo del Perú (IINDEP), Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Prolongación Calle Ancash s/n, Moquegua 18001, Peru
| | - Elvis Jack Colque Ayma
- Laboratorio de Contaminantes Orgánicos y Ambiente, Instituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo del Perú (IINDEP), Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Moquegua 18001, Peru; (E.J.C.A.); (F.Z.V.)
| | - Franz Zirena Vilca
- Laboratorio de Contaminantes Orgánicos y Ambiente, Instituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo del Perú (IINDEP), Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Moquegua 18001, Peru; (E.J.C.A.); (F.Z.V.)
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Grzegorczyk-Karolak I, Krzemińska M, Grąbkowska R, Gomulski J, Żekanowski C, Gaweda-Walerych K. Accumulation of Polyphenols and Associated Gene Expression in Hairy Roots of Salvia viridis Exposed to Methyl Jasmonate. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:764. [PMID: 38255839 PMCID: PMC10815010 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Methyl jasmonate (MJA), a signaling molecule in stress pathways, can be used to induce secondary metabolite synthesis in plants. The present study examines its effects on the growth of Salvia viridis hairy roots, and the accumulation of bioactive compounds, and correlates it with the expression of genes involved in the phenylpropanoid pathway. To our knowledge, this study represents the first exploration of elicitation in S. viridis culture and the first comprehensive analysis of MJA's influence on such a wide array of genes within the polyphenol metabolic pathway in the Salvia genus. Plants were treated with 50 and 100 µM MJA, and samples were collected at intervals of one, three, five, and seven days post-elicitation. HPLC analysis revealed that MJA stimulated the accumulation of all tested compounds, with a 30% increase (38.65 mg/g dry weight) in total polyphenol content (TPC) on day five. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis demonstrated a significant increase in the expression of the phenylpropanoid pathway genes-TAT (tyrosine aminotransferase), HPPR (4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate reductase), PAL (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase), C4H (cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase), 4CL (4-coumarate-CoA ligase), and RAS (rosmarinic acid synthase)-following MJA treatment. For the majority of the genes, this increase was observed after the first day of treatment. Importantly, our present results confirm strong correlations of the analyzed gene expression with polyphenol biosynthesis. These findings support the notion that hairy roots provide a promising biotechnological framework for augmenting polyphenol production. Additionally, the combination of elicitor treatment and transgenic technology emerges as a viable strategy to enhance the biosynthesis of these valuable metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Grzegorczyk-Karolak
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland; (M.K.); (R.G.); (J.G.)
| | - Marta Krzemińska
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland; (M.K.); (R.G.); (J.G.)
| | - Renata Grąbkowska
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland; (M.K.); (R.G.); (J.G.)
| | - Jan Gomulski
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland; (M.K.); (R.G.); (J.G.)
| | - Cezary Żekanowski
- Department of Neurogenetics and Functional Genomics, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (C.Ż.); (K.G.-W.)
| | - Katarzyna Gaweda-Walerych
- Department of Neurogenetics and Functional Genomics, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (C.Ż.); (K.G.-W.)
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Wei B, Sun C, Wan H, Shou Q, Han B, Sheng M, Li L, Kai G. Bioactive components and molecular mechanisms of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge in promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 317:116697. [PMID: 37295577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (SM) is an outstanding herbal medicine with various traditional effects, especially promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis. It has been widely used for centuries to treat blood stasis syndrome (BSS)-related diseases. BSS is one of the basic pathological syndromes of diseases such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in traditional East Asian medicine, which is characterized by disturbance of blood circulation. However, the bioactive components and mechanisms of SM in the treatment of BSS have not been systematically reviewed. Therefore, this article outlines the anti-BSS effects of bioactive components of SM, concentrating on the molecular mechanisms. AIM OF THE REVIEW To summarize the bioactive components of SM against BSS and highlight its potential targets and signaling pathways, hoping to provide a modern biomedical perspective to understand the efficacy of SM on enhancing blood circulation to remove blood stasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive literature search was performed to retrieve articles published in the last two decades on bioactive components of SM used for BSS treatment from the online electronic medical literature database (PubMed). RESULTS Phenolic acids and tanshinones in SM are the main bioactive components in the treatment of BSS, including but not limited to salvianolic acid B, tanshinone IIA, salvianolic acid A, cryptotanshinone, Danshensu, dihydrotanshinone, rosmarinic acid, protocatechuic aldehyde, and caffeic acid. They protect vascular endothelial cells by alleviating oxidative stress and inflammatory damage and regulating of NO/ET-1 levels. They also enhance anticoagulant and fibrinolytic capacity, inhibit platelet activation and aggregation, and dilate blood vessels. Moreover, lowering blood lipids and improving blood rheological properties may be the underlying mechanisms of their anti-BSS. More notably, these compounds play an anti-BSS role by mediating multiple signaling pathways such as Nrf2/HO-1, TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB, PI3K/Akt/eNOS, MAPKs (p38, ERK, and JNK), and Ca2+/K+ channels. CONCLUSIONS Both phenolic acids and tanshinones in SM may act synergistically to target different signaling pathways to achieve the effect of promoting blood circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyu Wei
- Zhejiang Key TCM Laboratory for Chinese Resource Innovation and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311402, PR China.
| | - Chengtao Sun
- Zhejiang Key TCM Laboratory for Chinese Resource Innovation and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311402, PR China.
| | - Haitong Wan
- Zhejiang Key TCM Laboratory for Chinese Resource Innovation and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311402, PR China.
| | - Qiyang Shou
- Zhejiang Key TCM Laboratory for Chinese Resource Innovation and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311402, PR China.
| | - Bing Han
- Zhejiang Key TCM Laboratory for Chinese Resource Innovation and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311402, PR China.
| | - Miaomiao Sheng
- Zhejiang Key TCM Laboratory for Chinese Resource Innovation and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311402, PR China.
| | - Liqing Li
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 31300, PR China.
| | - Guoyin Kai
- Zhejiang Key TCM Laboratory for Chinese Resource Innovation and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311402, PR China.
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Li XL, Guo ZF, Wen XD, Li MN, Yang H. A molecular networking-assisted automatic database screening strategy for comprehensive annotation of small molecules in complex matrices. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1710:464417. [PMID: 37778098 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography-tandem with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LCHRMS) has proven challenging for annotating multiple small molecules within complex matrices due to the complexities of chemical structure and raw LCHRMS data, as well as limitations in previous literatures and reference spectra related to those molecules. In this study, we developed a molecular networking assisted automatic database screening (MN/auto-DBS) strategy to examine the combined effect of MS1 exact mass screening and MS2 similarity analysis. We compiled all previously reported compounds from the relevant literatures. With the development of a Python software, the in-house database (DB) was created by automatically calculating the m/z and data from experimental MS1 hits were rapid screened with DB. We then performed a feature-based molecular network analysis on the auto-MS2 data for supplementary identification of unreported compounds, including clustered FBMN and annotated GNPS compounds. Finally, the results from both strategies were merged and manually curated for correct structural assignment. To demonstrate the applicability of MN/auto-DBS, we selected the Huangqi-Danshen herb pair (HD), commonly used in prescriptions or patent medicines to treat diabetic nephropathy and cerebrovascular disease. A total of 223 compounds were annotated, including 65 molecules not previously reported in HD, such as aromatic polyketides, coumarins, and diarylheptanoids. Using MN/auto-DBS, we can profile and mine a wide range of complex matrices for potentially new compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Lu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zi-Fan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Meng-Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Kılınc H, D’Urso G, Paolillo A, Alankus O, Piacente S, Masullo M. LC-MS and NMR Based Plant Metabolomics: A Comprehensive Phytochemical Investigation of Symphytum anatolicum. Metabolites 2023; 13:1051. [PMID: 37887376 PMCID: PMC10608505 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13101051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of metabolomics to the study of plants is growing because of the current development of analytical techniques. The most commonly used analytical technology driving plant metabolomics studies is Mass Spectrometry (MS) coupled to liquid chromatography (LC). In recent years, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, not requiring a previous chromatographic separation, has been receiving growing attention for metabolite fingerprinting of natural extracts. Herein, an integrated LC-MS and 1H NMR metabolomic approach provided a comprehensive phytochemical characterization of Symphytum anatolicum whole plant, taking into account both primary and specialized metabolites. Moreover, the NMR analyses provided direct quantitative information. Species belonging to the Symphytum genus, known as comfrey, have shown several biological activities including anti-inflammatory, analgesic, hepatoprotective, antifungal, and antibacterial. The LC-MS profile showed the presence of 21 main specialized metabolites, belonging to the classes of flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, salvianols, and oxylipins. The 1H NMR spectrum revealed the occurrence of metabolites including organic acids, phenolics, flavonoids, sugars, and amino acids. A quantitative analysis of these metabolites was performed and their concentration was obtained with respect to the known concentration of TSP, by means of the software package Chenomx which allows quantification of individual components in the NMR spectra. Furthermore, the phenolic content, antioxidant activity, glucosidase, and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of S. anatolicum extract were evaluated. The resulting bioactivity profile suggests how S. anatolicum represents a source of metabolites with health-promoting activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Kılınc
- Department of Geological Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Dokuz Eylul University, Buca, 35370 İzmir, Turkey;
| | - Gilda D’Urso
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy; (G.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Annunziata Paolillo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy; (G.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Ozgen Alankus
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey;
| | - Sonia Piacente
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy; (G.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Milena Masullo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy; (G.D.); (M.M.)
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Feng J, Sun Y, Wei Z, Sun H, Li L, Zhu J, Xia G, Zang H. Screening the Extract of Laportea bulbifera (Sieb. et Zucc.) Wedd. Based on Active Component Content, Its Antioxidant Capacity and Exploration of Hepatoprotective Activity in Rats. Molecules 2023; 28:6256. [PMID: 37687084 PMCID: PMC10488916 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Laportea bulbifera (Sieb. et Zucc.) Wedd., a plant with a long history of medicinal use, possesses uncertainly defined medicament portions while its antioxidant capacity remains largely unexplored. To gain a better understanding of its medicinal value, this study focused on investigating the Laportea bulbifera aboveground part (LBAP) and the Laportea bulbifera root (LBR). Through an assessment of the bioactive compound content, a significant finding emerged: the LBR exhibited notably higher levels of these bioactive phytochemicals compared to the LBAP. This observation was further reinforced by the antioxidant assays, which demonstrated the superiority of the LBR's antioxidant capacity. The experimental results unequivocally indicate that the root is the optimal medicament portion for Laportea bulbifera. Furthermore, it was discovered that the presence of alcohol in the extraction solvent significantly enhanced the extraction of active ingredients, with the methanol extract of LBR performing the best among the extracts tested. Consequently, this extract was selected for further research. Leveraging cutting-edge UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS technology, the methanol extract of LBR was meticulously analyzed, revealing the presence of 41 compounds, primarily belonging to the phenolics and fatty acids. Remarkably, stability experiments demonstrated that the phenolics in the methanol extract maintained their stability across various pH values and during in vitro simulations of the human digestive system, albeit showing gradual degradation under high temperatures. Furthermore, the oxidative stability tests conducted on oils revealed the potential of the methanol extract as a stabilizer for olive oil and sunflower oil. Moreover, oral acute toxicity studies confirmed the low toxicity of the methanol extract, further supporting its safe use for medicinal purposes. Of particular note, histopathological examination and biochemical analysis affirmed the remarkable protective effects of the methanol extract against d-galactosamine-induced liver damage. These findings underscore the therapeutic potential of the methanol extract from the LBR in the treatment of diseases associated with oxidative imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133000, China; (J.F.); (Y.S.); (L.L.); (G.X.)
- Green Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Medicine, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua 134002, China; (H.S.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yue Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133000, China; (J.F.); (Y.S.); (L.L.); (G.X.)
- Green Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Medicine, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua 134002, China; (H.S.); (J.Z.)
| | - Zhongbao Wei
- Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of Jilin, Changchun 130033, China;
| | - Hui Sun
- Green Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Medicine, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua 134002, China; (H.S.); (J.Z.)
| | - Li Li
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133000, China; (J.F.); (Y.S.); (L.L.); (G.X.)
- Green Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Medicine, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua 134002, China; (H.S.); (J.Z.)
| | - Junyi Zhu
- Green Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Medicine, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua 134002, China; (H.S.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Application of Changbai Mountain Biological Gerplasm Resources of Jilin Province, Tonghua 134002, China
| | - Guangqing Xia
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133000, China; (J.F.); (Y.S.); (L.L.); (G.X.)
- Green Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Medicine, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua 134002, China; (H.S.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Application of Changbai Mountain Biological Gerplasm Resources of Jilin Province, Tonghua 134002, China
| | - Hao Zang
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133000, China; (J.F.); (Y.S.); (L.L.); (G.X.)
- Green Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Medicine, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua 134002, China; (H.S.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Application of Changbai Mountain Biological Gerplasm Resources of Jilin Province, Tonghua 134002, China
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10
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Loudari A, Latique S, Mayane A, Colinet G, Oukarroum A. Polyphosphate fertilizer impacts the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity of wheat plants grown under salinity. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11212. [PMID: 37433920 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38403-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
By 2050, the predicted global population is set to reach 9.6 billion highlighting the urgent need to increase crop productivity to meet the growing demand for food. This is becoming increasingly challenging when soils are saline and/or deficient in phosphorus (P). The synergic effect of P deficiency and salinity causes a series of secondary stresses including oxidative stress. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production and oxidative damage in plants caused either by P limitation or by salt stress may restrict the overall plant performances leading to a decline in crop yield. However, the P application in adequate forms and doses could positively impact the growth of plants and enhances their tolerance to salinity. In our investigation, we evaluated the effect of different P fertilizers forms (Ortho-A, Ortho-B and Poly-B) and increasing P rates (0, 30 and 45 ppm) on the plant's antioxidant system and P uptake of durum wheat (Karim cultivar) grown under salinity (EC = 3.003 dS/m). Our results demonstrated that salinity caused a series of variations in the antioxidant capacity of wheat plants, at both, enzymatic and non-enzymatic levels. Remarkably, a strong correlation was observed between P uptake, biomass, various antioxidant system parameters and P rates and sources. Soluble P fertilizers considerably enhanced the total plant performances under salt stress compared with control plants grown under salinity and P deficiency (C+). Indeed, salt-stressed and fertilized plants exhibited a robust antioxidant system revealed by the increase in enzymatic activities of Catalase (CAT) and Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and a significant accumulation of Proline, total polyphenols content (TPC) and soluble sugars (SS) as well as increased biomass, Chlorophyll content (CCI), leaf protein content and P uptake compared to unfertilized plants. Compared to OrthoP fertilizers at 45 ppm P, Poly-B fertilizer showed significant positive responses at 30 ppm P where the increase reached + 18.2% in protein content, + 156.8% in shoot biomass, + 93% in CCI, + 84% in shoot P content, + 51% in CAT activity, + 79% in APX activity, + 93% in TPC and + 40% in SS compared to C+. This implies that PolyP fertilizers might be an alternative for the suitable management of phosphorus fertilization under salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aicha Loudari
- Plant Stress Physiology Laboratory, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P)-AgroBioSciences, Lot-660 Hay Moulay, Rachid, 43150, Ben Guerir, Morocco.
- Terra Research Center, Liege University-Gembloux Agro Bio Tech Faculty, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Salma Latique
- Plant Stress Physiology Laboratory, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P)-AgroBioSciences, Lot-660 Hay Moulay, Rachid, 43150, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Asmae Mayane
- Plant Stress Physiology Laboratory, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P)-AgroBioSciences, Lot-660 Hay Moulay, Rachid, 43150, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Gilles Colinet
- Terra Research Center, Liege University-Gembloux Agro Bio Tech Faculty, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Abdallah Oukarroum
- Plant Stress Physiology Laboratory, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P)-AgroBioSciences, Lot-660 Hay Moulay, Rachid, 43150, Ben Guerir, Morocco.
- High Throughput Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), 43150, Ben Guerir, Morocco.
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11
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Mrugacz M, Pony-Uram M, Bryl A, Zorena K. Current Approach to the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Cataracts. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076317. [PMID: 37047290 PMCID: PMC10094546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cataracts remain the first or second leading cause of blindness in all world regions. In the diabetic population, cataracts not only have a 3–5 times higher incidence than in the healthy population but also affect people at a younger age. In patients with type 1 diabetes, cataracts occur on average 20 years earlier than in the non-diabetic population. In addition, the risk of developing cataracts increases with the duration of diabetes and poor metabolic control. A better understanding of the mechanisms leading to the formation of diabetic cataracts enables more effective treatment and a holistic approach to the patient.
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12
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An Q, Wu M, Yang C, Feng Y, Xu X, Su H, Zhang G. Salviae miltiorrhiza against human lung cancer: A review of its mechanism (Review). Exp Ther Med 2023; 25:139. [PMID: 36845955 PMCID: PMC9947574 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.11838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the commonest malignant tumors in the world today, causing millions of mortalities every year. New methods to treat lung cancer are urgently needed. Salviae miltiorrhiza Bunge is a common Chinese medicine, often used for promoting blood circulation. In the past 20 years, Salviae miltiorrhiza has made significant progress in the treatment of lung cancer and is considered to be one of the most promising methods to fight against the disease. A great amount of research has shown that the mechanism of Salviae miltiorrhiza against human lung cancer mainly includes inhibiting the proliferation of lung cancer cells, promoting lung cancer cell apoptosis, inducing cell autophagy, regulating immunity and resisting angiogenesis. Research has shown that Salviae miltiorrhiza has certain effects on the resistance to chemotherapy drugs. The present review discussed the status and prospects of Salviae miltiorrhiza against human lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwen An
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China,Key Laboratory of Blood-Stasis-Toxin Syndrome of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Mengting Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China,Key Laboratory of Blood-Stasis-Toxin Syndrome of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Chuqi Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China,Key Laboratory of Blood-Stasis-Toxin Syndrome of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Yewen Feng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China,Key Laboratory of Blood-Stasis-Toxin Syndrome of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Xuefei Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China,Key Laboratory of Blood-Stasis-Toxin Syndrome of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Hang Su
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China,Key Laboratory of Blood-Stasis-Toxin Syndrome of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Guangji Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China,Key Laboratory of Blood-Stasis-Toxin Syndrome of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China,Traditional Chinese Medicine ‘Preventing Disease’ Wisdom Health Project Research Center of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Professor Guangji Zhang, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 526 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
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13
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Kong J, Li S, Li Y, Chen M. Effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza active compounds on placenta-mediated pregnancy complications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1034455. [PMID: 36711034 PMCID: PMC9880055 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1034455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Placenta-mediated pregnancy complications (PMPCs), including preeclampsia (PE), fetal growth restriction (FGR), and recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA), occur in approximately 5% of pregnancies and are caused by abnormal placenta development. The development of effective therapies for PMPCs is still challenging due to the complicated pathogenesis, such as disrupted vascular homeostasis and subsequent abnormal placentation. Synthetic drugs have been recommended for treating PMPCs; however, they tend to cause adverse reactions in the mother and fetus. Salvia miltiorrhiza (S. miltiorrhiza) has potential effects on PMPCs owing to its advantages in treating cardiovascular disorders. S. miltiorrhiza and its active compounds could attenuate the symptoms of PMPCs through anticoagulation, vasodilation, antioxidation, and endothelial protection. Thus, in this review, we summarize the literature and provide comprehensive insights on S. miltiorrhiza and its phytochemical constituents, pharmacological activities, and on PMPCs, which would be valuable to explore promising drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyin Kong
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis and Fetal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songjun Li
- Department of Reproduction Medical Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingting Li
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis and Fetal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis and Fetal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Min Chen,
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14
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Matłok N, Piechowiak T, Kapusta I, Królikowski K, Balawejder M. Induction of Biosynthesis Antioxidant Molecules in Young Barley Plants by Trioxygen. Molecules 2022; 27:7195. [PMID: 36364021 PMCID: PMC9656088 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Young barley plants are a good source of bioactive compounds. This paper presents the effects of gaseous O3 (trioxygen or ozone) on the biosynthesis of compounds, determining the antioxidant potential of young barley plants. The total content of polyphenols was determined along with their profile, as well as total antioxidant potential and vitamin C content. The highest contents of these compounds were identified in young barley plants exposed to gaseous O3. The main bioactive compound, representing polyphenols, determined in the examined raw materials was saponarin (isovitexin 7-O-glucoside). The induction of increased biosynthesis of these molecules was directly linked to the modification of the activity of selected enzymes. The increased polyphenol content resulted from the modified activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL). On the other hand, the oxidative effect of ozone on barley plants was reduced, owing to the modified activities of catalases (CAT), glutathione peroxidases (SOD) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPOX). Analysis of the results showed that by applying gaseous O3 at a dose of 50 ppm for 10 min, the contents of bioactive compounds can be maximised in a residue-free way by activating oxidative stress defence mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Matłok
- Department of Food and Agriculture Production Engineering, University of Rzeszow, St. Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Piechowiak
- Department of Chemistry and Food Toxicology, University of Rzeszow, St. Ćwiklińskiej 1a, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Kapusta
- Department of Food Technology and Human Nutrition, Rzeszow University, St. Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Kamil Królikowski
- College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, St. Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Maciej Balawejder
- Department of Chemistry and Food Toxicology, University of Rzeszow, St. Ćwiklińskiej 1a, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
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15
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Tavakoli M, Tarkesh Esfahani M, Soltani S, Karamian R, Aliarabi H. Effects of ecological factors on phenolic compounds in Salvia multicaulis Vahl (Lamiaceae). BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2022.104484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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16
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Yang BC, Lee MS, Lin MK, Chang WT. 5-Azacytidine increases tanshinone production in Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots through epigenetic modulation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9349. [PMID: 35672334 PMCID: PMC9174287 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12577-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated strong connections between epigenetic modulation and secondary metabolites in plants. It is vital to understand the roles of epigenetics in the production of secondary metabolites. In this study, the inhibitor of DNA methylation 5-azacytidine (5-Az) was used on the hairy roots of the medicinal plant Salvia miltiorrhiza to investigate its effect on secondary metabolite production, gene expression, methylation levels in genomic DNA and promoter regions. Our results showed that the contents of tanshinones in S. miltiorrhiza hairy roots increased by 1.5–5 times, and some genes in the biosynthesis pathway showed an upward trend. According to our NGS analysis, the methylation pattern in the promotor of the gene encoding copalyl diphosphate synthase (CPS) was altered, and 51 out of 145 cytosines were demethylated during 5-Az treatment. A total of 36 putative transcription factors (TFs) binding cites were identified in these demethylation sites. Among these TFs binding cites, cis-regulatory elements for the binding of NF-Y and MYB were frequently found in our results. This is the first report to demonstrate a possible mechanism of DNA methylation participating in tanshinone biosynthesis in S. miltiorrhiza hairy roots by modulating the CPS promoter and TFs binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Cheng Yang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Shiou Lee
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Kuem Lin
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Te Chang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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17
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Biosynthesis-based spatial metabolome of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge by combining metabolomics approaches with mass spectrometry-imaging. Talanta 2022; 238:123045. [PMID: 34801902 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.123045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Defining the spatial distributions of metabolites and their structures are the two key aspects for interpreting the complexities of biosynthesis pathways in plants. As a means of obtaining information on the spatial distribution of metabolites, a strategy is needed that has high sensitivity and allows visualization. Toward this goal, we carried an untargeted metabolomics to obtain detailed metabolic information on different plant parts of Salvia miltiorrhiza, the roots of which are widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. Systematic optimization of desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI) including parameter selection and sample preparation were carried out to improve the sensitivity of the method for plant samples. Guided by the metabolomics data, the spatial distributions of diverse metabolites, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, tanshinones, carbohydrates, and lipids, were characterized and visualized for both the underground and aerial parts. To integrate the information pertaining to the spatial distribution of metabolites, the flavonoids and phenolic acids (phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway) were chosen as examples for in-depth study the biosynthesis pathways in S. miltiorrhiza. The complementary data obtained from the metabolomics study and mass spectrometry imaging enabled the identification of key reactions involved in flavonoid biosynthesis in flowers, which lead the changes in metabolite distribution. The analysis also identified the core precursor for phenolic acid biosynthesis in Salvia species. Therefore, the powerful combination of metabolomics and mass spectrometry imaging provides a basis for obtaining detailed information on spatial metabolome and constitutes a platform for deep understanding the biosynthesis of bioactive metabolites in plants.
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18
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Mitra S, Tareq AM, Das R, Emran TB, Nainu F, Chakraborty AJ, Ahmad I, Tallei TE, Idris AM, Simal-Gandara J. Polyphenols: A first evidence in the synergism and bioactivities. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2026376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Montakim Tareq
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Rajib Das
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, Bgc Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Firzan Nainu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Tamalanrea, Makassar, Indonesia
| | | | - Islamudin Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia
| | - Trina E. Tallei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, Indonesia
| | - Abubakr M. Idris
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (Rcams), King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Ourense, E32004, Spain
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Bahadur S, Taj S, Ahmad M, Zafar M, Gul S, Shuaib M, Butt MA, Hanif U, Nizamani MM, Hussain F, Romman M. Authentication of the therapeutic Lamiaceae taxa by using pollen traits observed under scanning electron microscopy. Microsc Res Tech 2022; 85:2026-2044. [PMID: 35072321 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Herbal medicines are gaining popularity worldwide for human healthcare because of their therapeutic potential. However, adulteration and use of unauthentic raw herbals as substitutes have become a major issue for the local communities and industry for reasons of safety and efficacy. Therefore, the authentication of medicinal plants before their use in herbal medicines is a need of time. Hence, the present study was designed with an aim, to authenticate the therapeutic Lamiaceous taxa by using pollen traits observed under scanning electron microscopy. Pollen micro-morphological studies solve the problem through discrimination and correct identification of the Lamiaceae species from the adulterants. Based on pollen features, Lamiaceae were further divided into two sub-families Lamioideae (tricolpate) and Nepetoideae (hexa-colpate). The pollen grains of Lamioideae were found as small to medium-sized, tricolpate, radially/bilateral symmetrical, sub-spheroidal and oblate shape. Besides, exine patterns bireticulate, reticulate and micro-reticulate, colpus surface sculpturing as psilate, gemmate, scabrate, and verrucate have also been reported. A significant variation was found in the pattern of the reticulum, thickness, and the number of secondary lumina per primary lumen. Similarly, Nepetoideae has a hexa zono-colpate pollen but tri and tetra zono-colpate pollen have also been observed. Hence, this study contributes to the authentication and correct identification of medicinally important Lamiaceae taxa by using scanning electron microscopic techniques and can help to solve the adulteration problem. Highlights Authentication of medicinally important Lamiceous taxa was carried out through scanning electron microscopic techniques. Chemotaxonomic characterization was used for the accurate identification of the therapeutic taxa. The medicinal, palynological and phytochemical significance of Lamiaceae taxa were evaluated. A significant variation was seen in the palynological traits that help in the determination and authentication of the therapeutic Lamiaceous species. Based on the chemotaxonomic characterization, our study can help to solve the adulteration problem for the reason of safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saraj Bahadur
- College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China.,Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sehrish Taj
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization In South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, China.,Department of Aquaculture, Ocean College of Hainan University, Haikou, China.,Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, Department of Aquaculture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saba Gul
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shuaib
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Maryam Akram Butt
- Department of Botany, University of Kotli Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Azad Jammu & Kashmi, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Hanif
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mir Muhammad Nizamani
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources, Ministry of Education, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Fida Hussain
- Department of Botany, Islamia College Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Romman
- Department of Botany, University of Chitral, Chitral, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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Zackria AA, Pattabiraman R, Murthy TPK, Kumar SB, Mathew BB, Biju VG. Computational screening of natural compounds from Salvia plebeia R. Br. for inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 main protease. VEGETOS (BAREILLY, INDIA) 2022; 35:345-359. [PMID: 34690453 PMCID: PMC8523934 DOI: 10.1007/s42535-021-00304-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged to be the reason behind the COVID-19 pandemic. It was discovered in Wuhan, China and then began spreading around the world, impacting the health of millions. Efforts for treatment have been hampered as there are no antiviral drugs that are effective against this virus. In the present study, we have explored the phytochemical constituents of Salvia plebeia R. Br., in terms of its binding affinity by targeting COVID-19 main protease (Mpro) using computational analysis. Molecular docking analysis was performed using PyRx software. The ADMET and drug-likeness properties of the top 10 compounds showing binding affinity greater than or equal to - 8.0 kcal/mol were analysed using pkCSM and DruLiTo, respectively. Based on the docking studies, it was confirmed that Rutin and Plebeiosides B were the most potent inhibitors of the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 with the best binding affinities of - 9.1 kcal/mol and - 8.9 kcal/mol, respectively. Further, the two compounds were analysed by studying their biological activity using the PASS webserver. Molecular dynamics simulation analysis was performed for the selected protein-ligand complexes to confirm their stability at 300 ns. MM-PBSA provided the basis for analyzing the affinity of the phytochemicals towards Mpro by calculating the binding energy, and secondary structure analysis indicated the stability of protease structure when it is bound to Rutin and Plebeiosides B. Altogether, the study identifies Rutin and Plebeiosides B to be potent Mpro inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2. Graphic abstract Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42535-021-00304-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afraa Aqeel Zackria
- Department of Biotechnology, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560054 India
| | - Ramya Pattabiraman
- Department of Biotechnology, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560054 India
| | - T. P. Krishna Murthy
- Department of Biotechnology, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560054 India
| | - S. Birendra Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560054 India
| | - Blessy Baby Mathew
- Department of Biotechnology, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560078 India
| | - Vinai George Biju
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Christ (Deemed-to-be University), Bengaluru, Karnataka 560060 India
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21
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Xue Z, Li Y, Zhou M, Liu Z, Fan G, Wang X, Zhu Y, Yang J. Traditional Herbal Medicine Discovery for the Treatment and Prevention of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:720873. [PMID: 34899290 PMCID: PMC8660120 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.720873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by pulmonary artery remodeling that may subsequently culminate in right heart failure and premature death. Although there are currently both non-pharmacological (lung transplantation, etc.) and pharmacological (Sildenafil, Bosentan, and new oral drugs on trial) therapies available, PAH remains a serious and fatal pulmonary disease. As a unique medical treatment, traditional herbal medicine (THM) treatment has gradually exerted its advantages in treating PAH worldwide through a multi-level and multi-target approach. Additionally, the potential mechanisms of THM were deciphered, including suppression of proliferation and apoptosis of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, controlling the processes of inflammation and oxidative stress, and regulating vasoconstriction and ion channels. In this review, the effects and mechanisms of the frequently studied compound THM, single herbal preparations, and multiple active components from THM are comprehensively summarized, as well as their related mechanisms on several classical preclinical PAH models. It is worth mentioning that sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate sodium and tetramethylpyrazine are under clinical trials and are considered the most promoting medicines for PAH treatment. Last, reverse pharmacology, a strategy to discover THM or THM-derived components, has also been proposed here for PAH. This review discusses the current state of THM, their working mechanisms against PAH, and prospects of reverse pharmacology, which are expected to facilitate the natural anti-PAH medicine discovery and development and its bench-to-bedside transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhidong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Guanwei Fan
- Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
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22
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Zhao JJ, Li SY, Xia F, Hu YL, Nian Y, Xu G. Isoprenylated Flavonoids as Ca v3.1 Low Voltage-Gated Ca 2+ Channel Inhibitors from Salvia digitaloides. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2021; 11:671-678. [PMID: 33893991 PMCID: PMC8599534 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-021-00307-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Saldigones A-C (1, 3, 4), three new isoprenylated flavonoids with diverse flavanone, pterocarpan, and isoflavanone architectures, were characterized from the roots of Salvia digitaloides, together with a known isoprenylated flavanone (2). Notably, it's the first report of isoprenylated flavonoids from Salvia species. The structures of these isolates were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis. All of the compounds were evaluated for their activities on Cav3.1 low voltage-gated Ca2+ channel (LVGCC), of which 2 strongly and dose-dependently inhibited Cav3.1 peak current.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Jun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Song-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Li Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Nian
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China.
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Xiang Y, Wang X, Song W, Du J, Yin X. Integrative Omics Analyses Reveal the Effects of Copper Ions on Salvianolic Acid Biosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:746117. [PMID: 34745177 PMCID: PMC8567050 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.746117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Salvianolic acids, a group of secondary metabolites produced by Salvia miltiorrhiza, are widely used for treating cerebrovascular diseases. Copper is recognized as a necessary microelement and plays an essential role in plant growth. At present, the effect of copper on the biosynthesis of SalAs is unknown. Here, an integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic approach, coupled with biochemical analyses, was employed to dissect the mechanisms by which copper ions induced the biosynthesis of SalAs. In this study, we identified that a low concentration (5 μM) of copper ions could promote growth of S. miltiorrhiza and the biosynthesis of SalAs. Results of the metabolomics analysis showed that 160 metabolites (90 increased and 70 decreased) were significantly changed in S. miltiorrhiza treated with low concentration of copper ions. The differential metabolites were mainly involved in amino acid metabolism, the pentose phosphate pathway, and carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms. The contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll were significantly increased in leaves of low concentration of copper-treated S. miltiorrhiza plants. Importantly, core SalA biosynthetic genes (laccases and rosmarinic acid synthase), SalA biosynthesis-related transcription factors (MYBs and zinc finger CCCH domain-containing protein 33), and chloroplast proteins-encoding genes (blue copper protein and chlorophyll-binding protein) were upregulated in the treated samples as indicated by a comprehensive transcriptomic analysis. Bioinformatics and enzyme activity analyses showed that laccase 20 contained copper-binding motifs, and its activity in low concentration of copper ions-treated S. miltiorrhiza was much higher than that in the control. Our results demonstrate that enhancement of copper ions of the accumulation of SalAs might be through regulating laccase 20, MYBs, and zinc finger transcription factors, and photosynthetic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinfa Du
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaojian Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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24
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Cheng X, Song Z, Wang X, Xu S, Dong L, Bai J, Li G, Zhang C. A Network Pharmacology Study on the Molecular Mechanism of Protocatechualdehyde in the Treatment of Diabetic Cataract. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:4011-4023. [PMID: 34594100 PMCID: PMC8476343 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s334693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Protocatechualdehyde (PCA) is a phenolic compound found in the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza with anti-proliferative and antioxidant activities. At present, there are few studies on protocatechualdehyde against diabetic cataract (DC), and there is also lack of systematic research on the mechanism of protocatechualdehyde. Therefore, this study tried to comprehensively clarify the targets and complex mechanisms of PCA against DC from the perspective of network pharmacology. Materials and Methods Through collecting relevant targets from the databases, GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were performed on the potential targets. Moreover, core genes were identified by topological analysis of protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and gene-phenotype correlation analysis. Results The results indicated that protocatechualdehyde may be closely related to targets such as AKT1, MAPK3 and HDAC3, as well as signal pathways such as MAPK signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications. Conclusion Together, the present study systematically clarified the possible mechanisms of protocatechualdehyde in the treatment of diabetic cataract and provided new ideas for the drug research of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihui Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Bai
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyao Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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25
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Mahalakshmi B, Huang CY, Lee SD, Maurya N, kiefer R, Bharath Kumar V. Review of Danshen: From its metabolism to possible mechanisms of its biological activities. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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26
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Piechowiak T, Sowa P, Tarapatskyy M, Balawejder M. The Role of Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism in Shaping the Quality of Highbush Blueberry Fruit During Storage in Ozone-Enriched Atmosphere. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-021-02696-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ozone treatment on the mitochondrial energy metabolism in blueberry fruit during storage as well as to determine the relationship between the activity of mitochondria and the antioxidative properties of ozonated fruit. Blueberry fruit was stored for 28 days at 4 °C and ozonated daily with gaseous ozone at the concentration of 15 mg L−1 for 30 min, every 12 h of storage. Research showed that ozonated fruit was characterized by higher activity of enzymes involved in oxidative phosphorylation (by 58.7% for SDH, 118.2% for CCO, and 78.16% for H+-ATPase after 7 days, respectively) than non-ozonated sample, which contributed to reduction of the loss of energy charge and ATP in the fruit during storage. Moreover, the increased activity of mitochondria led to the growth of mitochondrial ROS accumulation which, in turn, activated defense mechanisms against oxidative stress in the fruit. These metabolic responses might collectively contribute to increase the antioxidative properties of ozonated fruit and consequently to maintain a good quality of the fruit over a long period of storage.
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27
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Stiller A, Garrison K, Gurdyumov K, Kenner J, Yasmin F, Yates P, Song BH. From Fighting Critters to Saving Lives: Polyphenols in Plant Defense and Human Health. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8995. [PMID: 34445697 PMCID: PMC8396434 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols, such as flavonoids and phenolic acids, are a group of specialized metabolites in plants that largely aid in plant defense by deterring biotic stressors and alleviating abiotic stress. Polyphenols offer a wide range of medical applications, acting as preventative and active treatments for diseases such as cancers and diabetes. Recently, researchers have proposed that polyphenols may contribute to certain applications aimed at tackling challenges related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding the beneficial impacts of phytochemicals, such as polyphenols, could potentially help prepare society for future pandemics. Thus far, most reviews have focused on polyphenols in cancer prevention and treatment. This review aims to provide a comprehensive discussion on the critical roles that polyphenols play in both plant chemical defense and human health based on the most recent studies while highlighting prospective avenues for future research, as well as the implications for phytochemical-based applications in both agricultural and medical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bao-Hua Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; (A.S.); (K.G.); (K.G.); (J.K.); (F.Y.); (P.Y.)
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28
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Proanthocyanidins and Where to Find Them: A Meta-Analytic Approach to Investigate Their Chemistry, Biosynthesis, Distribution, and Effect on Human Health. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081229. [PMID: 34439477 PMCID: PMC8389005 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PACs) are a class of polyphenolic compounds that are attracting considerable interest in the nutraceutical field due to their potential health benefits. However, knowledge about the chemistry, biosynthesis, and distribution of PACs is limited. This review summarizes the main chemical characteristics and biosynthetic pathways and the main analytical methods aimed at their identification and quantification in raw plant matrices. Furthermore, meta-analytic approaches were used to identify the main plant sources in which PACs were contained and to investigate their potential effect on human health. In particular, a cluster analysis identified PACs in 35 different plant families and 60 different plant parts normally consumed in the human diet. On the other hand, a literature search, coupled with forest plot analyses, highlighted how PACs can be actively involved in both local and systemic effects. Finally, the potential mechanisms of action through which PACs may impact human health were investigated, focusing on their systemic hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering effects and their local anti-inflammatory actions on the intestinal epithelium. Overall, this review may be considered a complete report in which chemical, biosynthetic, ecological, and pharmacological aspects of PACs are discussed.
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29
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Banerjee A, Jariwala T, Kim S, Tai Y, Chiang S, Park H, Myung NV, Nam J. A facile method for synthesizing polymeric nanofiber‐fragments. NANO SELECT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202100194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aihik Banerjee
- Department of Bioengineering University of California‐Riverside Riverside California 92521 USA
| | - Tanvi Jariwala
- Department of Bioengineering University of California‐Riverside Riverside California 92521 USA
| | - Sanggon Kim
- Department of Bioengineering University of California‐Riverside Riverside California 92521 USA
| | - Youyi Tai
- Department of Bioengineering University of California‐Riverside Riverside California 92521 USA
| | - Sharon Chiang
- Department of Bioengineering University of California‐Riverside Riverside California 92521 USA
| | - Honghyun Park
- Korea Institute of Materials Science 797 Changwondaero, Seongsan gu Changwon Gyeongnam South Korea
| | - Nosang V. Myung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Notre Dame Notre Dame Indiana 46556 USA
| | - Jin Nam
- Department of Bioengineering University of California‐Riverside Riverside California 92521 USA
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30
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Yang K, Zeng L, Ge A, Chen Y, Wang S, Zhu X, Ge J. Exploring the Regulatory Mechanism of Hedysarum Multijugum Maxim.- Chuanxiong Rhizoma Compound on HIF-VEGF Pathway and Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury's Biological Network Based on Systematic Pharmacology. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:601846. [PMID: 34248611 PMCID: PMC8267578 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.601846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Clinical research found that Hedysarum Multijugum Maxim.-Chuanxiong Rhizoma Compound (HCC) has definite curative effect on cerebral ischemic diseases, such as ischemic stroke and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIR). However, its mechanism for treating cerebral ischemia is still not fully explained. Methods: The traditional Chinese medicine related database were utilized to obtain the components of HCC. The Pharmmapper were used to predict HCC’s potential targets. The CIR genes were obtained from Genecards and OMIM and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) data of HCC’s targets and IS genes were obtained from String database. After that, the DAVID platform was applied for Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and pathway enrichment analysis. Finally, a series of animal experiments were carried out to further explore the mechanism of HCC intervention in CIR. Results: The prediction results of systematic pharmacology showed that HCC can regulate CIR-related targets (such as AKT1, MAPK1, CASP3, EGFR), biological processes (such as angiogenesis, neuronal axonal injury, blood coagulation, calcium homeostasis) and signaling pathways (such as HIF-1, VEGF, Ras, FoxO signaling). The experiments showed that HCC can improve the neurological deficit score, decrease the volume of cerebral infarction and up-regulate the expression of HIF-1α/VEGF and VEGFR protein and mRNA (p < 0.05). Conclusion: HCC may play a therapeutic role by regulating CIR-related targets, biological processes and signaling pathways found on this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Liuting Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Anqi Ge
- Galactophore Department, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.,School of Graduate, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinwen Ge
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.,Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, China
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31
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Rocha S, Lucas M, Ribeiro D, Corvo ML, Fernandes E, Freitas M. Nano-based drug delivery systems used as vehicles to enhance polyphenols therapeutic effect for diabetes mellitus treatment. Pharmacol Res 2021; 169:105604. [PMID: 33845125 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the biggest health emergencies of the 21st century worldwide, characterized by deficiency in insulin secretion and/or action, leading to hyperglycemia. Despite the currently available antidiabetic therapeutic options, 4.2 million people died in 2019 due to diabetes. Thus, new effective interventions are required. Polyphenols are plant secondary metabolites and have been recognized for their vast number of biological activities, including potential antidiabetic effects. However, the poor bioavailability and high metabolization of polyphenols restrict their biological effects in vivo. Nanotechnology is a promising area of research to improve the therapeutic effect of several compounds. Therefore, this review provides an overview of the literature about the utility of nano-based drug delivery systems as vehicles of polyphenols in diabetes treatment. It was possible to conclude that, in general, nano-based drug delivery systems can potentiate the beneficial antidiabetic properties of polyphenols, when compared with the free compounds, opening a new field of research in diabetology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia Rocha
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Lucas
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela Ribeiro
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - M Luísa Corvo
- Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Marisa Freitas
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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32
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Haile T, Cardoso SM, de Oliveira Raphaelli C, Pereira OR, Pereira EDS, Vizzotto M, Nora L, Asfaw AA, Periasamy G, Karim A. Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Potential, and Blood Glucose Lowering Effect of Aqueous Extract and Essential Oil of Thymus Serrulatus Hochst. Ex Benth. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:621536. [PMID: 33995021 PMCID: PMC8116798 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.621536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymus serrulatus, an endemic plant of Ethiopia, is traditionally used to cure various diseases and as a food ingredient. In the Ethiopian folk medicine, the decoction is orally taken as a remedy to treat diabetes and high blood pressure. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant and antihyperglycemic effects of the aqueous extract and of the essential oil of Thymus serrulatus. The chemical composition of the aqueous extract was determined by LC-MS and the essential oil was characterized by GC-MS analysis. Radical scavenging assays, namely scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•), hydroxyl (•OH), and nitric oxide (•NO), were used as a first approach to screen the potential antioxidant abilities of the samples. Alpha-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory studies were also employed to evaluate the in vitro antihyperglycemic potential of the plant. The in vivo blood glucose lowering effect of the extracts was assessed using hypoglycemic activity and the oral glucose tolerance test in normal and in streptozotocin induced diabetic mice. When compared to the aqueous extract, the essential oil showed superior radical scavenging activity, particularly for •NO, as well as greater inhibitory potency against α-amylase and α-glucosidase (IC50 = 0.01 mg/ml and 0.11 mg/ml, respectively). Both tested samples showed a statistically significant antihyperglycemic effect. The aqueous extract at 600 mg/kg exerted maximum antihyperglycemic activity (44.14%), followed by the essential oil (30.82%). Body weight and glucose tolerance parameters were also improved by the samples both in normal and diabetic mice. The findings of this study support the hypothesis that aqueous extract and essential oil of T. serrulatus are promising therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesfay Haile
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Susana M. Cardoso
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Chirle de Oliveira Raphaelli
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Olívia R. Pereira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Elisa dos Santos Pereira
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | - Leonardo Nora
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Adissu Alemayehu Asfaw
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Quality Control, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Gomathi Periasamy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Aman Karim
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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Xie Q, Li H, Lu D, Yuan J, Ma R, Li J, Ren M, Li Y, Chen H, Wang J, Gong D. Neuroprotective Effect for Cerebral Ischemia by Natural Products: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:607412. [PMID: 33967750 PMCID: PMC8102015 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.607412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products have a significant role in the prevention of disease and boosting of health in humans and animals. Stroke is a disease with high prevalence and incidence, the pathogenesis is a complex cascade reaction. In recent years, it’s reported that a vast number of natural products have demonstrated beneficial effects on stroke worldwide. Natural products have been discovered to modulate activities with multiple targets and signaling pathways to exert neuroprotection via direct or indirect effects on enzymes, such as kinases, regulatory receptors, and proteins. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the established pharmacological effects and multiple target mechanisms of natural products for cerebral ischemic injury in vitro and in vivo preclinical models, and their potential neuro-therapeutic applications. In addition, the biological activity of natural products is closely related to their structure, and the structure-activity relationship of most natural products in neuroprotection is lacking, which should be further explored in future. Overall, we stress on natural products for their role in neuroprotection, and this wide band of pharmacological or biological activities has made them suitable candidates for the treatment of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Danni Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianmei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinxiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Mihong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Daoyin Gong
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Phytochemical analysis and bioactivity evaluation of Moroccan Thymus atlanticus (Ball) fractions. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2021.e00716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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35
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Liu YC, Peng XX, Lu YB, Wu XX, Chen LW, Feng H. Genome-wide association study reveals the genes associated with the leaf inclusion contents in Chinese medical tree Eucommia ulmoides. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:233-241. [PMID: 33604631 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbaa005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Eucommia ulmoides is an economic tree that can biosynthesize secondary metabolites with pharmacological functions. Genetic basis of biosynthesis of these compounds is almost unknown. Therefore, genomic-wide association study was performed to exploit the genetic loci maybe involved in biosynthetic pathways of 5 leaf inclusions (aucubin, chlorogenic acid, gutta-percha, polyphenols, total flavonoids). It was shown that contents of the 5 leaf metabolites have a wide variation following normal distribution. A total of 2 013 102 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were identified in a population containing 62 individual clones. Through genome-wide association study analysis, many SNP loci were identified perhaps associated with phenotypes of the leaf inclusions. Higher transcriptional levels of the candidate genes denoted by significant SNPs in leaves suggested they may be involved in biosynthesis of the leaf inclusions. These genetic loci provide with invaluable information for further studies on the gene functions in biosynthesis of the leaf inclusions and selective breeding of the plus trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Cheng Liu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Yan-Bing Lu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | | | | | - Hong Feng
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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36
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Fu R, Shi M, Deng C, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Wang Y, Kai G. Improved phenolic acid content and bioactivities of Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots by genetic manipulation of RAS and CYP98A14. Food Chem 2020; 331:127365. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Zheng X, Kadir A, Zheng G, Jin P, Qin D, Maiwulanjiang M, Aisa HA, Yao G. Antiproliferative abietane quinone diterpenoids from the roots of Salvia deserta. Bioorg Chem 2020; 104:104261. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Cavanna D, Hurkova K, Džuman Z, Serani A, Serani M, Dall’Asta C, Tomaniova M, Hajslova J, Suman M. A Non-Targeted High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Study for Extra Virgin Olive Oil Adulteration with Soft Refined Oils: Preliminary Findings from Two Different Laboratories. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:24169-24178. [PMID: 33015432 PMCID: PMC7528164 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a non-targeted high-resolution mass spectrometry inter-laboratory study for the detection of new chemical markers responsible of soft refined oils addition to extra virgin olive oils. Refined oils (soft deodorized and soft deacidified) were prepared on a laboratory scale starting from low-quality olive oils and analyzed together with a set of pure extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) samples and with mixtures of adulterated and pure EVOO at different percentages. The same analytical workflow was applied in two different laboratories equipped with two types of instrumentation (Q-Orbitrap and Q-TOF); a group of discriminant molecules was selected, and a tentative identification of compounds was also proposed. In summary, 12 molecules were identified as markers of this specific adulteration, and seven of them were selected as discriminative in both the laboratories, with a similar trend throughout the samples (i.e., propylene glycol 1 stearate). The results obtained in the two laboratories are comparable, concretely demonstrating the inter-laboratory repeatability of non-targeted studies. As a confirmation, the same markers were detected also in "in-house" mixtures and in suspect commercial deodorized mixtures, reinforcing the robustness of the results obtained and proving that, thanks to these molecules, mixtures containing at least 40% of adulterated oils can be detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Cavanna
- Advanced
Laboratory Research, Barilla G. e R. Fratelli S.p.A., Via Mantova, 166-43122 Parma, Italy
- Department
of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 95/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Kamila Hurkova
- Department
of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University
of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technicka 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zbyněk Džuman
- Department
of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University
of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technicka 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Serani
- COTECA
Srl Consulenze Tecniche agroindustriali, 56121 Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Serani
- COTECA
Srl Consulenze Tecniche agroindustriali, 56121 Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Dall’Asta
- Department
of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 95/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Monika Tomaniova
- Department
of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University
of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technicka 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Hajslova
- Department
of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University
of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technicka 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michele Suman
- Advanced
Laboratory Research, Barilla G. e R. Fratelli S.p.A., Via Mantova, 166-43122 Parma, Italy
- . Tel: +39-0521-
262332
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Gugliandolo A, Bramanti P, Mazzon E. Activation of Nrf2 by Natural Bioactive Compounds: A Promising Approach for Stroke? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144875. [PMID: 32664226 PMCID: PMC7402299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke represents one of the main causes of disability and death worldwide. The pathological subtypes of stroke are ischemic stroke, the most frequent, and hemorrhagic stroke. Nrf2 is a transcription factor that regulates redox homeostasis. In stress conditions, Nrf2 translocates inside the nucleus and induces the transcription of enzymes involved in counteracting oxidative stress, endobiotic and xenobiotic metabolism, regulators of inflammation, and others. Different natural compounds, including food and plant-derived components, were shown to be able to activate Nrf2, mediating an antioxidant response. Some of these compounds were tested in stroke experimental models showing several beneficial actions. In this review, we focused on the studies that evidenced the positive effects of natural bioactive compounds in stroke experimental models through the activation of Nrf2 pathway. Interestingly, different natural compounds can activate Nrf2 through multiple pathways, inducing a strong antioxidant response associated with the beneficial effects against stroke. According to several studies, the combination of different bioactive compounds can lead to a better neuroprotection. In conclusion, natural bioactive compounds may represent new therapeutic strategies against stroke.
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40
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Das M, Basu S, Banerjee B, Jana K, Sen A, Datta G. Renoprotective effect of Capsicum annum against ethanol-induced oxidative stress and renal apoptosis. J Food Biochem 2020; 45:e13325. [PMID: 32573796 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The present study explored the ameliorative potency of aqueous extract of Capsicum annum (AqCA), against oxidative imbalance and renal toxicity induced by ethanol. Randomly grouped male Wistar rats (n = 6), were marked as ethanol-treated (2 g/kg bw, i.p.), CA125 (125 mg/kg bw, i.p.), CA250 (250 mg/kg bw, i.p.), ethanol pre-treated with CA (similar doses), and control (0.5 ml normal saline, i.p.), and treated for 30 consecutive days. Biochemical analysis of tissue and serum parameters was performed, along with histopathological and histochemical studies. Also, we performed TUNEL assay and western blotting for our experimental groups. Statistical analysis revealed significant (p ≤ .001) alteration in the levels of antioxidant enzymes, serum urea, creatinine, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and cleaved caspases, along with histopathological alterations in the ethanol-treated group. Prior treatment with AqCA prevented ethanol-induced alterations in tissue and serum parameters. These findings indicate that the extract of CA can protect renal cells from ethanol-induced damage by inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and apoptosis. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Chronic alcohol consumption is a major public health concern that leads to various diseases and social problems as well. It affects both the affluent and non-affluent society equally. Alcohol (ethanol) is a renowned hepato-toxicant and a well-documented risk factor for oxidative stress, with less known effect on the kidney. Thus, it is essential to investigate the effect of alcohol metabolism on the kidney to find a remedy to prevent it. The present investigation depicts the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory role of Capsicum annum against ethanol-induced renal damage. The outcome of this study can be utilized in the future for phytotherapeutic herbal drug formulation. Besides, the bioactive components identified in the study can be further explored by researchers or pharmaceutical corporates for potential therapeutic purpose against renal impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Das
- Department of Physiology, Rammohan College, Kolkata, India
| | - Subhashree Basu
- Department of Physiology, Tamralipta Mahavidyalaya, Tamluk, India
| | | | - Kuladip Jana
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Anurupa Sen
- Department of Physiology, City College, Kolkata, India
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Hydroglycerolic Solvent and Ultrasonication Pretreatment: A Green Blend for High-Efficiency Extraction of Salvia fruticosa Polyphenols. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12124840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Salvia fruticosa Miller, also known as Cretan or Greek sage, is a medicinal plant with significant biological properties, which are largely ascribed to its polyphenolic composition, but there is to-date a scarcity of green and sustainable processes for efficient polyphenol extraction from this plant. The objective of this study was the implementation of an extraction process that would combine a green solvent based on glycerol, a biodiesel industry by-product, and ultrasonication pretreatment. Ultrasonication for 40 min followed by stirred-tank extraction was shown to provide significantly higher total polyphenol yield than mere stirred-tank extraction, while kinetics indicated 50 °C as the most favorable temperature, with the yield being 92 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) per g dry mass. Comparison of this method with a previously developed one that used methyl β-cyclodextrin revealed that the extracts obtained had similar antioxidant activity, and yield in major polyphenols including luteolin 7-O-glucuronide and rosmarinic acid was virtually equal. The current process is proposed as a sustainable and effective methodology for the generation of polyphenol-enriched extracts from S. fruticosa, which could be used as effective food antioxidants/antimicrobials and/or cosmetic constituents.
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42
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Optimization of Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Ocimum Basilicum Leaves and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant Activity. Pharm Chem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-020-02181-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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43
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High-Performance Green Extraction of Polyphenolic Antioxidants from Salvia fruticosa Using Cyclodextrins: Optimization, Kinetics, and Composition. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10103447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
S. fruticosa, collectively known as Cretan sage, is a medicinal plant to which a number of bioactivities have been attributed. In spite of its importance in nutrition and pharmacy, reports on the extraction of major polyphenols using sustainable processes are particularly limited. In this study, three common cyclodextrins, namely, methyl β-cyclodextrin (m-β-CD), hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD), and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), were tested as green boosters of aqueous extraction of polyphenols from aerial parts of S. fruticosa. To examine simultaneously important extraction parameters, including the concentration of cyclodextrins (CCD), pH, and liquid-to-solid ratio (RL/S), a Box–Behnken design was chosen, with three central points. Temperature effects on the extraction yield were also considered, by carrying out kinetics. The results showed that m-β-CD was the most effective extraction booster, providing total polyphenols yields that amounted to 98.39 mg gallic acid equivalents g−1 dry mass. The kinetic assay demonstrated that extraction was highly effective at 80 °C, increasing significantly polyphenol yield, as well as the ferric-reducing power and antiradical activity of the extracts. It was also proven that extraction with m-β-CD was the least energy-demanding process. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry examination revealed that m-β-CD might possess higher affinity for luteolin 7-O-glucuronide extraction, but β-CD for rosmarinic acid extraction.
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SUMOylation Protects FASN Against Proteasomal Degradation in Breast Cancer Cells Treated with Grape Leaf Extract. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10040529. [PMID: 32244364 PMCID: PMC7226518 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Existing therapeutic strategies for breast cancer are limited by tumor recurrence and drug-resistance. Antioxidant plant-derived compounds such as flavonoids reduce adverse outcomes and have been identified as a potential source of antineoplastic agent with less undesirable side effects. Here, we describe the novel regulation of fatty-acid synthase (FASN), the key enzyme in de novo fatty-acid synthesis, whereby Vitis vinifera L. cv Vermentino leaf hydroalcoholic extract lowers its protein stability that is regulated by small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)ylation. The phenolic compounds characterization was performed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS), whereas mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS), Western blotting/co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and RT-PCR, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), clonogenicity assays, and FACS analysis were used to measure the expression of targets and tumorigenicity. Vermentino extract exhibits antitumorigenic effects, and we went on to determine that FASN and ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 9 (UBC9), the sole E2 enzyme required for SUMOylation, were significantly reduced. Moreover, FASN was found SUMOylated in human breast cancer tissues and cell lines, and lack of SUMOylation caused by SUMO2 silencing reduced FASN protein stability. These results suggest that SUMOylation protects FASN against proteasomal degradation and may exert oncogenic activity through alteration of lipid metabolism, whereas Vermentino extract inhibits these effects which supports the additional validation of the therapeutic value of this compound in breast cancer.
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45
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Insight into Composition of Bioactive Phenolic Compounds in Leaves and Flowers of Green and Purple Basil. PLANTS 2019; 9:plants9010022. [PMID: 31877999 PMCID: PMC7020237 DOI: 10.3390/plants9010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is a culinary, medicinal, and ornamental plant appreciated for its antioxidant properties, mainly attributed to high content of rosmarinic acid. This species also includes purple varieties, characterized by the accumulation of anthocyanins in leaves and flowers. In this work, we compared the main morphological characteristics, the antioxidant capacity and the chemical composition in leaves, flowers, and corollas of green (‘Italiano Classico’) and purple (‘Red Rubin’ and ‘Dark Opal’) basil varieties. The LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis of individual compounds allowed quantifying 17 (poly)phenolic acids and 18 flavonoids, differently accumulated in leaves and flowers of the three varieties. The study revealed that in addition to rosmarinic acid, basil contains several members of the salvianolic acid family, only scarcely descripted in this species, as well as, especially in flowers, simple phenolic acids, such as 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and salvianic acid A. Moreover, the study revealed that purple leaves mainly contain highly acylated anthocyanins, while purple flowers accumulate anthocyanins with low degree of decoration. Overall, this study provides new biochemical information about the presence of not yet characterized bioactive compounds in basil that could contribute to boosting the use of this crop and to gaining new knowledge about the roles of these compounds in plant physiology.
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Bekhouche K, Ozen T, Boussaha S, Demirtas I, Kout M, Yildirim K, Zama D, Benayache F, Benayache S. Hepatoprotective effects of the n-butanol extract from Perralderia coronopifolia Coss. against PCP-induced toxicity in Wistar albino rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:31215-31224. [PMID: 31463753 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06231-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, in vivo antioxidant properties of the n-butanol extract obtained from aerial parts of Perralderia coronopifolia were investigated in term of its hepatoprotective effect of female Wistar albino rats (n, 36; average age, 48 ± 5 days; weighing 150 ± 18 g) against PCP (pentachlorphenol)-induced toxicity. PCP (20 mg/kg b.w.) and plant extract (50 mg/kg b.w.) were administered daily by gavages for 2 weeks. Vitamin E (100 mg/kg b.w.) was given intraperitoneally as a positive control. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels, reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were evaluated in liver homogenates. While, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), cholesterol, and triglyceride parameters were analyzed in serums. The liver fragments were observed using light microscopy. Experimental results exhibited that PCP-treated group has a significant increase in the liver lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels of animals while decreased in plant extract-treated group. In addition, PCP caused significant decreases in glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels. Moreover, PCP induced hepatotoxicity by increasing serum transaminase enzymes, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. While, these levels were restored to control value in animals treated with plant extract. The regularized levels of LPO, GSH, cholesterol, triglyceride, transaminase enzymes, and GPx activities revealed the antioxidant properties of the extract plant as well as of the vitamin E. The histological study showed the hepatoprotective effect of our extracts against PCP-induced acute intoxication, protecting the hepatic architecture and decreasing the functional and structural alterations of the liver. The plant extract had high antioxidant potential and completely prevented the toxic effect of PCP on the above of liver and serum parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadidja Bekhouche
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University Frères Mentouri 1, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Tevfik Ozen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey.
| | - Sara Boussaha
- Research Unit: Valuation of Natural Resources, Bioactive Molecules, Physicochemical and Biological Analyzes (VARENBIOMOL), University Frères Mentouri 1, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Ibrahim Demirtas
- Plant Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Cankiri, Karatekin, Turkey
| | - Mounir Kout
- Anatomic and Pathologic Cytology Laboratory, University Hospital Center, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Kemal Yildirim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Djamila Zama
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University Frères Mentouri 1, Constantine, Algeria
- Research Unit: Valuation of Natural Resources, Bioactive Molecules, Physicochemical and Biological Analyzes (VARENBIOMOL), University Frères Mentouri 1, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Fadila Benayache
- Research Unit: Valuation of Natural Resources, Bioactive Molecules, Physicochemical and Biological Analyzes (VARENBIOMOL), University Frères Mentouri 1, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Samir Benayache
- Research Unit: Valuation of Natural Resources, Bioactive Molecules, Physicochemical and Biological Analyzes (VARENBIOMOL), University Frères Mentouri 1, Constantine, Algeria
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