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Hanzlova M, Slavikova B, Morozovova M, Musilek K, Rotterova A, Zemanová L, Kudova E. C-3 Steroidal Hemiesters as Inhibitors of 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 10. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:12116-12124. [PMID: 38496976 PMCID: PMC10938439 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
17β-HSD10 is a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the steroidal oxidation of a hydroxy group to a keto group and, thus, is involved in maintaining steroid homeostasis. The druggability of 17β-HSD10 is related to potential treatment for neurodegenerative diseases, for example, Alzheimer's disease or cancer. Herein, steroidal derivatives with an acidic hemiester substituent at position C-3 on the skeleton were designed, synthesized, and evaluated by using pure recombinant 17β-HSD10 converting 17β-estradiol to estrone. Compounds 22 (IC50 = 6.95 ± 0.35 μM) and 23 (IC50 = 5.59 ± 0.25 μM) were identified as the most potent inhibitors from the series. Compound 23 inhibited 17β-HSD10 activity regardless of the substrate. It was found not cytotoxic toward the HEK-293 cell line and able to inhibit 17β-HSD10 activity also in the cellular environment. Together, these findings support steroidal compounds as promising candidates for further development as 17β-HSD10 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Hanzlova
- Faculty
of Science, Department of Chemistry, University
of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Slavikova
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech
Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, Prague 6 166 10, Czech Republic
| | - Marina Morozovova
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech
Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, Prague 6 166 10, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Musilek
- Faculty
of Science, Department of Chemistry, University
of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Aneta Rotterova
- Faculty
of Science, Department of Chemistry, University
of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Zemanová
- Faculty
of Science, Department of Chemistry, University
of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Kudova
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech
Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, Prague 6 166 10, Czech Republic
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2
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Abdollahi Z, Nejabat M, Abnous K, Hadizadeh F. The therapeutic value of thiazole and thiazolidine derivatives in Alzheimer's disease: a systematic literature review. Res Pharm Sci 2024; 19:1-12. [PMID: 39006977 PMCID: PMC11244712 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.394816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease and the fifth leading cause of death among the elderly. The development of drugs for AD treatment is based on inhibiting cholinesterase (ChE) activity and inhibiting amyloid-beta peptide and tau protein aggregations. Many in vitro findings have demonstrated that thiazole-and thiazolidine-based compounds have a good inhibitory effect on ChE and other elements involved in the AD pathogenicity cascade. Experimental approach In the present review, we collected available documents to verify whether these synthetic compounds can be a step forward in developing new medications for AD. A systematic literature search was performed in major electronic databases in April 2021. Twenty-eight relevant in vitro and in vivo studies were found and used for data extraction. Findings/Results Findings demonstrated that thiazole-and thiazolidine-based compounds could ameliorate AD's pathologic condition by affecting various targets, including inhibition of ChE activity, amyloid-beta, and tau aggregation in addition to cyclin-dependent kinase 5/p25, beta-secretase-1, cyclooxygenase, and glycogen synthase kinase-3β. Conclusion and implications Due to multitarget effects at micromolar concentration, this review demonstrated that these synthetic compounds could be considered promising candidates for developing anti-Alzheimer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Abdollahi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mojgan Nejabat
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzin Hadizadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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3
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Hanzlova M, Miskerikova MS, Rotterova A, Chalupova K, Jurkova K, Hamsikova M, Andrys R, Haleckova A, Svobodova J, Schmidt M, Benek O, Musilek K. Nanomolar Benzothiazole-Based Inhibitors of 17β-HSD10 with Cellular Bioactivity. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:1724-1732. [PMID: 38116418 PMCID: PMC10726454 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Multifunctional mitochondrial enzyme 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 (17β-HSD10) is a potential drug target for the treatment of various pathologies. The most discussed is the pathology associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), where 17β-HSD10 overexpression and its interaction with amyloid-β peptide contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal stress. In this work, a series of new benzothiazole-derived 17β-HSD10 inhibitors were designed based on the structure-activity relationship analysis of formerly published inhibitors. A set of enzyme-based and cell-based methods were used to evaluate the inhibitory potency of new compounds, their interaction with the enzyme, and their cytotoxicity. Most compounds exhibited significantly a higher inhibitory potential compared to published benzothiazolyl ureas and good target engagement in a cellular environment accompanied by low cytotoxicity. The best hits displayed mixed-type inhibition with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values in the nanomolar range for the purified enzyme (3-7, 15) and/or low micromolar IC50 values in the cell-based assay (6, 13-16).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Katarina Chalupova
- Faculty of Science, Department
of Chemistry, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Katarina Jurkova
- Faculty of Science, Department
of Chemistry, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Hamsikova
- Faculty of Science, Department
of Chemistry, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Rudolf Andrys
- Faculty of Science, Department
of Chemistry, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Annamaria Haleckova
- Faculty of Science, Department
of Chemistry, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Svobodova
- Faculty of Science, Department
of Chemistry, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Schmidt
- Faculty of Science, Department
of Chemistry, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Benek
- Faculty of Science, Department
of Chemistry, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Musilek
- Faculty of Science, Department
of Chemistry, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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4
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Zhou TY, Ma RX, Li J, Zou B, Yang H, Ma RY, Wu ZQ, Li J, Yao Y. Review of PINK1-Parkin-mediated mitochondrial autophagy in Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 959:176057. [PMID: 37751832 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial autophagy plays an important role in maintaining the complexity of mitochondrial functions and removing damaged mitochondria, of which the PINK1-Parkin signal pathway is one of the most classical pathways. Thus, a comprehensive and in-depth interpretation of the PINK1-Parkin signal pathway might deepen our understanding on the impacts of mitochondrial autophagy. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a classical example of neurodegenerative disease. Research on the pathogenesis and treatments of AD has been a focus of scientific research because of its complexity and the limitations of current drug therapies. It was reported that the pathogenesis of AD might be related to mitochondrial autophagy due to excessive deposition of Aβ protein and aggravation of the phosphorylation of Tau protein. Two key proteins in the PINK1-Parkin signaling pathway, PINK1 and Parkin, have important roles in the folding and accumulation of Aβ protein and the phosphorylation of Tau protein. In addition, the intermediate signal molecules in the PINK1-Parkin signal pathway also have certain effects on AD. In this paper, we first described the role of PINK1-Parkin signal pathway on mitochondrial autophagy, then discussed and analyzed the effect of the PINK1-Parkin signal pathway in AD and other metabolic diseases. Our aim was to provide a theoretical direction to further elucidate the pathogenesis of AD and highlight the key molecules related to AD that could be important targets used for AD drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yuan Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Rui-Xia Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Jia Li
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Bin Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Research Center of Medical Science and Technology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Rui-Yin Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Zi-Qi Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Juan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China; Ningxia Engineering and Technology Research Center for Modernization of Characteristic Chinese Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Ningxia Ethnomedicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Yao Yao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
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5
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Schmidt M, Vaskova M, Rotterova A, Fiandova P, Miskerikova M, Zemanova L, Benek O, Musilek K. Physiologically relevant fluorescent assay for identification of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 inhibitors. J Neurochem 2023; 167:154-167. [PMID: 37458164 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial enzyme 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 (HSD10) is a potential molecular target for treatment of mitochondrial-related disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Its over-expression in AD brains is one of the critical factors disturbing the homeostasis of neuroprotective steroids and exacerbating amyloid beta (Aβ)-mediated mitochondrial toxicity and neuronal stress. This study was focused on revalidation of the most potent HSD10 inhibitors derived from benzothiazolyl urea scaffold using fluorescent-based enzymatic assay with physiologically relevant substrates of 17β-oestradiol and allopregnanolone. The oestradiol-based assay led to the identification of two nanomolar inhibitors (IC50 70 and 346 nM) differing from HSD10 hits revealed from the formerly used assay. Both identified inhibitors were found to be effective also in allopregnanolone-based assay with non-competitive or uncompetitive mode of action. In addition, both inhibitors were confirmed to penetrate the HEK293 cells and they were able to inhibit the HSD10 enzyme in the cellular environment. Both molecules seem to be potential lead structures for further research and development of HDS10 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Vaskova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Aneta Rotterova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlina Fiandova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Miskerikova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Zemanova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Benek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Musilek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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6
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Benek O, Vaskova M, Miskerikova M, Schmidt M, Andrys R, Rotterova A, Skarka A, Hatlapatkova J, Karasova JZ, Medvecky M, Hroch L, Vinklarova L, Fisar Z, Hroudova J, Handl J, Capek J, Rousar T, Kobrlova T, Dolezal R, Soukup O, Aitken L, Gunn-Moore F, Musilek K. Development of submicromolar 17β-HSD10 inhibitors and their in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 258:115593. [PMID: 37390508 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 (17β-HSD10) is a multifunctional mitochondrial enzyme and putative drug target for the treatment of various pathologies including Alzheimer's disease or some types of hormone-dependent cancer. In this study, a series of new benzothiazolylurea-based inhibitors were developed based on the structure-activity relationship (SAR) study of previously published compounds and predictions of their physico-chemical properties. This led to the identification of several submicromolar inhibitors (IC50 ∼0.3 μM), the most potent compounds within the benzothiazolylurea class known to date. The positive interaction with 17β-HSD10 was further confirmed by differential scanning fluorimetry and the best molecules were found to be cell penetrable. In addition, the best compounds weren't found to have additional effects for mitochondrial off-targets and cytotoxic or neurotoxic effects. The two most potent inhibitors 9 and 11 were selected for in vivo pharmacokinetic study after intravenous and peroral administration. Although the pharmacokinetic results were not fully conclusive, it seemed that compound 9 was bioavailable after peroral administration and could penetrate into the brain (brain-plasma ratio 0.56).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Benek
- University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Biomedical Research Centre, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Michaela Vaskova
- University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Miskerikova
- University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Schmidt
- University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Biomedical Research Centre, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Rudolf Andrys
- University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Aneta Rotterova
- University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Skarka
- University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Hatlapatkova
- University of Defence, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Trebesska 1575, 500 01, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Zdarova Karasova
- University of Defence, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Trebesska 1575, 500 01, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Matej Medvecky
- University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; University of Warwick, Bioinformatics Research Technology Platform, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Lukas Hroch
- University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Biomedical Research Centre, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Vinklarova
- University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Fisar
- Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Hroudova
- Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Handl
- University of Pardubice, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Studentska 573, Pardubice, 53210, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Capek
- University of Pardubice, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Studentska 573, Pardubice, 53210, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Rousar
- University of Pardubice, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Studentska 573, Pardubice, 53210, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Kobrlova
- University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Biomedical Research Centre, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Rafael Dolezal
- University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Biomedical Research Centre, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Biomedical Research Centre, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Laura Aitken
- University of St. Andrews, School of Biology, Biomedical Science Research Complex, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Frank Gunn-Moore
- University of St. Andrews, School of Biology, Biomedical Science Research Complex, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Kamil Musilek
- University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Biomedical Research Centre, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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7
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Mendieta-Wejebe JE, Rosales-Hernández MC, Padilla-Martínez II, García-Báez EV, Cruz A. Design, Synthesis and Biological Activities of (Thio)Urea Benzothiazole Derivatives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9488. [PMID: 37298442 PMCID: PMC10253887 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
(Thio)ureas ((T)Us) and benzothiazoles (BTs) each have demonstrated to have a great variety of biological activities. When these groups come together, the 2-(thio)ureabenzothizoles [(T)UBTs] are formed, improving the physicochemical as well as the biological properties, making these compounds very interesting in medicinal chemistry. Frentizole, bentaluron and methabenzthiazuron are examples of UBTs used for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and as wood preservatives and herbicides in winter corn crops, respectively. With this antecedent, we recently reported a bibliographic review about the synthesis of this class of compounds, from the reaction of substituted 2-aminobenzothiazoles (ABTs) with iso(thio)cyanates, (thio)phosgenes, (thio)carbamoyl chlorides, 1,1'-(thio)carbonyldiimidazoles, and carbon disulfide. Herein, we prepared a bibliographic review about those features of design, chemical synthesis, and biological activities relating to (T)UBTs as potential therapeutic agents. This review is about synthetic methodologies generated from 1968 to the present day, highlighting the focus to transform (T)UBTs to compounds containing a range substituents, as illustrated with 37 schemes and 11 figures and concluded with 148 references. In this topic, the scientists dedicated to medicinal chemistry and pharmaceutical industry will find useful information for the design and synthesis of this interesting group of compounds with the aim of repurposing these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E. Mendieta-Wejebe
- Laboratorio de Biofísica y Biocatálisis, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Salvador Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, Ciudad de Mexico 11340, Mexico; (J.E.M.-W.); (M.C.R.-H.)
| | - Martha C. Rosales-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Biofísica y Biocatálisis, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Salvador Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, Ciudad de Mexico 11340, Mexico; (J.E.M.-W.); (M.C.R.-H.)
| | - Itzia I. Padilla-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Química Supramolecular y Nanociencias, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Acueducto s/n, Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, Ciudad de Mexico 07340, Mexico; (I.I.P.-M.); (E.V.G.-B.)
| | - Efrén V. García-Báez
- Laboratorio de Química Supramolecular y Nanociencias, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Acueducto s/n, Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, Ciudad de Mexico 07340, Mexico; (I.I.P.-M.); (E.V.G.-B.)
| | - Alejandro Cruz
- Laboratorio de Química Supramolecular y Nanociencias, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Acueducto s/n, Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, Ciudad de Mexico 07340, Mexico; (I.I.P.-M.); (E.V.G.-B.)
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8
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A Green Approach to 2-Substituted Benzo- and Naphthothiazoles via N-bromosuccinimide/Bromide-Mediated C(aryl)-S Bond Formation. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227876. [PMID: 36431980 PMCID: PMC9697867 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
2-Substituted benzo- and naphthothiazoles have been conveniently prepared from the intramolecular cyclization of phenylthioureas and activated thiobenzanilides or the coupling of isothiocyanates with amines under mild conditions using N-bromosuccinimide/tetrabutylammonium bromide in 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) under ambient conditions. The reactions produce moderate to excellent yields with good functional group tolerance and avoid the use of harsh thermal conditions, corrosive reagents, halogenated solvents, toxic metal salts, and expensive metal catalysts, and are amenable to preparations on a gram-scale.
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9
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The Mitochondrial Enzyme 17βHSD10 Modulates Ischemic and Amyloid-β-Induced Stress in Primary Mouse Astrocytes. eNeuro 2022; 9:ENEURO.0040-22.2022. [PMID: 36096650 PMCID: PMC9536859 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0040-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe brain metabolic dysfunction and amyloid-β accumulation are key hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). While astrocytes contribute to both pathologic mechanisms, the role of their mitochondria, which is essential for signaling and maintenance of these processes, has been largely understudied. The current work provides the first direct evidence that the mitochondrial metabolic switch 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 (17βHSD10) is expressed and active in murine astrocytes from different brain regions. While it is known that this protein is overexpressed in the brains of AD patients, we found that 17βHSD10 is also upregulated in astrocytes exposed to amyloidogenic and ischemic stress. Importantly, such catalytic overexpression of 17βHSD10 inhibits mitochondrial respiration during increased energy demand. This observation contrasts with what has been found in neuronal and cancer model systems, which suggests astrocyte-specific mechanisms mediated by the protein. Furthermore, the catalytic upregulation of the enzyme exacerbates astrocytic damage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and mitochondrial network alterations during amyloidogenic stress. On the other hand, 17βHSD10 inhibition through AG18051 counters most of these effects. In conclusion, our data represents novel insights into the role of astrocytic mitochondria in metabolic and amyloidogenic stress with implications of 17βHSD10 in multiple neurodegenerative mechanisms.
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10
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Botelho FD, Nepovimova E, Kamil K, Franca TCC. Virtual screening and molecular dynamic study of potential new binders to mTOR. J Mol Model 2022; 28:315. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05309-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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11
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Rosales-Hernández MC, Mendieta-Wejebe JE, Padilla-Martínez II, García-Báez EV, Cruz A. Synthesis and Biological Importance of 2-(thio)ureabenzothiazoles. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27186104. [PMID: 36144837 PMCID: PMC9502297 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27186104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The (thio)urea and benzothiazole (BT) derivatives have been shown to have a broad spectrum of biological activities. These groups, when bonded, result in the 2-(thio)ureabenzothizoles (TBT and UBT), which could favor the physicochemical and biological properties. UBTs and TBTs are compounds of great importance in medicinal chemistry. For instance, Frentizole is a UBT derivative used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. The UBTs Bentaluron and Bethabenthiazuron are commercial fungicides used as wood preservatives and herbicides in winter corn crops. On these bases, we prepared this bibliography review, which covers chemical aspects of UBTs and TBTs as potential therapeutic agents as well as their studies on the mechanisms of a variety of pharmacological activities. This work covers synthetic methodologies from 1935 to nowadays, highlighting the most recent approaches to afford UBTs and TBTs with a variety of substituents as illustrated in 42 schemes and 13 figures and concluded with 187 references. In addition, this interesting review is designed on chemical reactions of 2-aminobenzothiazoles (2ABTs) with (thio)phosgenes, iso(thio)cyanates, 1,1′-(thio)carbonyldiimidazoles [(T)CDI]s, (thio)carbamoyl chlorides, and carbon disulfide. This topic will provide information of utility for medicinal chemists dedicated to the design and synthesis of this class of compounds to be tested with respect to their biological activities and be proposed as new pharmacophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Cecilia Rosales-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Biofísica y Biocatálisis, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Salvador Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Jessica E. Mendieta-Wejebe
- Laboratorio de Biofísica y Biocatálisis, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Salvador Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Itzia I. Padilla-Martínez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional-UPIBI, Laboratorio de Química Supramolecular y Nanociencias, Av. Acueducto s/n, Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, Mexico City 07340, Mexico
| | - Efrén V. García-Báez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional-UPIBI, Laboratorio de Química Supramolecular y Nanociencias, Av. Acueducto s/n, Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, Mexico City 07340, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Cruz
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional-UPIBI, Laboratorio de Química Supramolecular y Nanociencias, Av. Acueducto s/n, Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, Mexico City 07340, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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12
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Recent advance on pleiotropic cholinesterase inhibitors bearing amyloid modulation efficacy. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 242:114695. [PMID: 36044812 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Due to the hugely important roles of neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) and amyloid-β (Aβ) in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the development of multi-target directed ligands (MTDLs) focused on cholinesterase (ChE) and Aβ becomes one of the most attractive strategies for combating AD. To date, numerous preclinical studies toward multifunctional conjugates bearing ChE inhibition and anti-Aβ aggregation have been reported. Noteworthily, most of the reported multifunctional cholinesterase inhibitors are carbamate-based compounds due to the initial properties of carbamate moiety. However, because their easy hydrolysis in vivo and the instability of the compound-enzyme conjugate, the mechanism of action of these compounds is rare. Thus, non-carbamate compounds are of great need for developing novel cholinesterase inhibitors. Besides, given that Aβ accumulation begins to occur 10-15 years before AD onset, modulating Aβ is ineffective only in inhibiting its aggregation but not eliminate the already accumulated Aβ if treatment is started when the patient has been diagnosed as AD. Considering the limitation of current Aβ accumulation modulators in ameliorating cognitive deficits and ineffectiveness of ChE inhibitors in blocking disease progression, the development of a practically valuable strategy with multiple pharmaceutical properties including ChE inhibition and Aβ modulation for treating AD is indispensable. In this review, we focus on summarizing the scaffold characteristics of reported non-carbamate cholinesterase inhibitors with Aβ modulation since 2020, and understanding the ingenious multifunctional drug design ideas to accelerate the pace of obtaining more efficient anti-AD drugs in the future.
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13
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Nikolaeva NS, Yandulova EY, Aleksandrova YR, Starikov AS, Neganova ME. The Role of a Pathological Interaction between β-amyloid and Mitochondria in the Occurrence and Development of Alzheimer's Disease. Acta Naturae 2022; 14:19-34. [PMID: 36348714 PMCID: PMC9611857 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.11723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases in existence. It is characterized by an impaired cognitive function that is due to a progressive loss of neurons in the brain. Extracellular β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques are the main pathological features of the disease. In addition to abnormal protein aggregation, increased mitochondrial fragmentation, altered expression of the genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, disruptions in the ER-mitochondria interaction, and mitophagy are observed. Reactive oxygen species are known to affect Aβ expression and aggregation. In turn, oligomeric and aggregated Aβ cause mitochondrial disorders. In this review, we summarize available knowledge about the pathological effects of Aβ on mitochondria and the potential molecular targets associated with proteinopathy and mitochondrial dysfunction for the pharmacological treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. S. Nikolaeva
- Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432 Russia
| | - E. Yu. Yandulova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432 Russia
| | - Yu. R. Aleksandrova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432 Russia
| | - A. S. Starikov
- Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432 Russia
| | - M. E. Neganova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432 Russia
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14
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Zhu H, Dronamraju V, Xie W, More SS. Sulfur-containing therapeutics in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Med Chem Res 2021; 30:305-352. [PMID: 33613018 PMCID: PMC7889054 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-020-02687-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur is widely existent in natural products and synthetic organic compounds as organosulfur, which are often associated with a multitude of biological activities. OBenzothiazole, in which benzene ring is fused to the 4,5-positions of the thiazolerganosulfur compounds continue to garner increasing amounts of attention in the field of medicinal chemistry, especially in the development of therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is a fatal neurodegenerative disease and the primary cause of age-related dementia posing severe societal and economic burdens. Unfortunately, there is no cure for AD. A lot of research has been conducted on sulfur-containing compounds in the context of AD due to their innate antioxidant potential and some are currently being evaluated in clinical trials. In this review, we have described emerging trends in the field, particularly the concept of multi-targeting and formulation of disease-modifying strategies. SAR, pharmacological targets, in vitro/vivo ADMET, efficacy in AD animal models, and applications in clinical trials of such sulfur compounds have also been discussed. This article provides a comprehensive review of organosulfur-based AD therapeutic agents and provides insights into their future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhou Zhu
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Venkateshwara Dronamraju
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Wei Xie
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Swati S. More
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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15
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Nepovimova E, Svobodova L, Dolezal R, Hepnarova V, Junova L, Jun D, Korabecny J, Kucera T, Gazova Z, Motykova K, Kubackova J, Bednarikova Z, Janockova J, Jesus C, Cortes L, Pina J, Rostohar D, Serpa C, Soukup O, Aitken L, Hughes RE, Musilek K, Muckova L, Jost P, Chvojkova M, Vales K, Valis M, Chrienova Z, Chalupova K, Kuca K. Tacrine - Benzothiazoles: Novel class of potential multitarget anti-Alzheimeŕs drugs dealing with cholinergic, amyloid and mitochondrial systems. Bioorg Chem 2020; 107:104596. [PMID: 33421953 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of tacrine - benzothiazole hybrids incorporate inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), amyloid β (Aβ) aggregation and mitochondrial enzyme ABAD, whose interaction with Aβ leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, into a single molecule. In vitro, several of 25 final compounds exerted excellent anti-AChE properties and interesting capabilities to block Aβ aggregation. The best derivative of the series could be considered 10w that was found to be highly potent and selective towards AChE with the IC50 value in nanomolar range. Moreover, the same drug candidate exerted absolutely the best results of the series against ABAD, decreasing its activity by 23% at 100 µM concentration. Regarding the cytotoxicity profile of highlighted compound, it roughly matched that of its parent compound - 6-chlorotacrine. Finally, 10w was forwarded for in vivo scopolamine-induced amnesia experiment consisting of Morris Water Maze test, where it demonstrated mild procognitive effect. Taking into account all in vitro and in vivo data, highlighted derivative 10w could be considered as the lead structure worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Svobodova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Rafael Dolezal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Biomedical Research Centre and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Vendula Hepnarova
- Biomedical Research Centre and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Junova
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Jun
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Korabecny
- Biomedical Research Centre and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Kucera
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Gazova
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Katarina Motykova
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Jana Kubackova
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Zuzana Bednarikova
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Jana Janockova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Biomedical Research Centre and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Catarina Jesus
- Centro de Quimica de Coimbra, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3044-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luisa Cortes
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joao Pina
- Centro de Quimica de Coimbra, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3044-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Danijela Rostohar
- HiLASE Centre, Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Za Radnici 828, 252 41 Dolni Brezany, Czech Republic
| | - Carlos Serpa
- Centro de Quimica de Coimbra, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3044-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- Biomedical Research Centre and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Laura Aitken
- School of Biology, Medical and Biological Sciences Building, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca E Hughes
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
| | - Kamil Musilek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lubica Muckova
- Biomedical Research Centre and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Jost
- Biomedical Research Centre and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Chvojkova
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Vales
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Valis
- Biomedical Research Centre and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Simkova 870/13, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Zofia Chrienova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Katarina Chalupova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Biomedical Research Centre and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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16
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Boutin S, Maltais R, Roy J, Poirier D. Synthesis of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 steroidal inhibitors: Selectivity, metabolic stability and enhanced potency. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 209:112909. [PMID: 33081987 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
17beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 (17β-HSD10) is the only mitochondrial member of 17β-HSD family. This enzyme can oxidize estradiol (E2) into estrone (E1), thus reducing concentration of this neuroprotective steroid. Since 17β-HSD10 possesses properties that suggest a possible role in Alzheimer's disease, its inhibition appears to be a therapeutic strategy. After we identified the androsterone (ADT) derivative 1 as a first steroidal inhibitor of 17β-HSD10, new analogs were synthesized to increase the metabolic stability, to improve the selectivity of inhibition over 17β-HSD3 and to optimize the inhibitory potency. From six D-ring derivatives of 1 (17-CO), two compounds (17β-H/17α-OH and 17β-OH/17α-CCH) were more metabolically stable and did not inhibit the 17β-HSD3. Moreover, solid phase synthesis was used to extend the molecular diversity on the 3β-piperazinylmethyl group of the steroid base core. Eight over 120 new derivatives were more potent inhibitors than 1 for the transformation of E2 to E1, with the 4-(4-trifluoromethyl-3-methoxybenzyl)piperazin-1-ylmethyl-ADT (D-3,7) being 16 times more potent (IC50 = 0.14 μM). Finally, D-ring modification of D-3,7 provided 17β-OH/17α-CCH derivative 25 and 17β-H/17α-OH derivative 26, which were more potent inhibitor than 1 (1.8 and 2.4 times, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Boutin
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec - Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - René Maltais
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec - Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jenny Roy
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec - Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Donald Poirier
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec - Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
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17
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Miar M, Shiroudi A, Pourshamsian K, Oliaey AR, Hatamjafari F. Theoretical investigations on the HOMO–LUMO gap and global reactivity descriptor studies, natural bond orbital, and nucleus-independent chemical shifts analyses of 3-phenylbenzo[d]thiazole-2(3H)-imine and its para-substituted derivatives: Solvent and substituent effects. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1747519820932091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Natural bond orbital analysis, salvation, and substituent effects of electron-releasing (–CH3, –OH) and electron-withdrawing (–Cl, –NO2, –CF3) groups at para positions on the molecular structure of synthesized 3-phenylbenzo[ d]thiazole-2(3 H)-imine and its derivatives in selected solvents (acetone, toluene, and ethanol) and in the gas phase by employing the polarizable continuum method model are studied using the M06-2x method and 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. The relative stability of the studied compounds is influenced by the possibility of intramolecular interactions between substituents and the electron donor–acceptor centers of the thiazole ring. Furthermore, atomic charges, electron density, chemical thermodynamics, energetic properties, dipole moments, and nucleus-independent chemical shifts of the studied compounds and their relative stability are considered. The dipole moment values and the highest occupied molecular orbital–lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy gaps reveal different charge-transfer possibilities within the considered molecules. Finally, natural bond orbital analysis is carried out to picture the charge transfer between the localized bonds and lone pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Miar
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Shiroudi
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Schmidt M, Benek O, Vinklarova L, Hrabinova M, Zemanova L, Chribek M, Kralova V, Hroch L, Dolezal R, Lycka A, Prchal L, Jun D, Aitken L, Gunn-Moore F, Kuca K, Musilek K. Benzothiazolyl Ureas are Low Micromolar and Uncompetitive Inhibitors of 17β-HSD10 with Implications to Alzheimer's Disease Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062059. [PMID: 32192199 PMCID: PMC7139388 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 is a multifunctional protein involved in many enzymatic and structural processes within mitochondria. This enzyme was suggested to be involved in several neurological diseases, e.g., mental retardation, Parkinson's disease, or Alzheimer's disease, in which it was shown to interact with the amyloid-beta peptide. We prepared approximately 60 new compounds based on a benzothiazolyl scaffold and evaluated their inhibitory ability and mechanism of action. The most potent inhibitors contained 3-chloro and 4-hydroxy substitution on the phenyl ring moiety, a small substituent at position 6 on the benzothiazole moiety, and the two moieties were connected via a urea linker (4at, 4bb, and 4bg). These compounds exhibited IC50 values of 1-2 μM and showed an uncompetitive mechanism of action with respect to the substrate, acetoacetyl-CoA. These uncompetitive benzothiazolyl inhibitors of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 are promising compounds for potential drugs for neurodegenerative diseases that warrant further research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Schmidt
- University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (L.V.); (L.Z.); (R.D.); (A.L.); (K.K.); (K.M.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (O.B.); Tel.: +420-493-332-791 (M.S.); +420-493-332-783 (O.B.)
| | - Ondrej Benek
- University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (L.V.); (L.Z.); (R.D.); (A.L.); (K.K.); (K.M.)
- University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Biomedical Research Centre, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (L.H.); (L.P.)
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (O.B.); Tel.: +420-493-332-791 (M.S.); +420-493-332-783 (O.B.)
| | - Lucie Vinklarova
- University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (L.V.); (L.Z.); (R.D.); (A.L.); (K.K.); (K.M.)
- University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Biomedical Research Centre, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (L.H.); (L.P.)
| | - Martina Hrabinova
- University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Biomedical Research Centre, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (L.H.); (L.P.)
- University of Defence, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
| | - Lucie Zemanova
- University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (L.V.); (L.Z.); (R.D.); (A.L.); (K.K.); (K.M.)
| | - Matej Chribek
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Control, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.C.); (V.K.)
| | - Vendula Kralova
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Control, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.C.); (V.K.)
| | - Lukas Hroch
- University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Biomedical Research Centre, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (L.H.); (L.P.)
| | - Rafael Dolezal
- University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (L.V.); (L.Z.); (R.D.); (A.L.); (K.K.); (K.M.)
- University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Biomedical Research Centre, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (L.H.); (L.P.)
| | - Antonin Lycka
- University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (L.V.); (L.Z.); (R.D.); (A.L.); (K.K.); (K.M.)
| | - Lukas Prchal
- University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Biomedical Research Centre, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (L.H.); (L.P.)
| | - Daniel Jun
- University of Defence, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
| | - Laura Aitken
- University of St. Andrews, School of Biology, Medical and Biological Science Building, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9TF, UK; (L.A.); (F.G.-M.)
| | - Frank Gunn-Moore
- University of St. Andrews, School of Biology, Medical and Biological Science Building, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9TF, UK; (L.A.); (F.G.-M.)
| | - Kamil Kuca
- University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (L.V.); (L.Z.); (R.D.); (A.L.); (K.K.); (K.M.)
| | - Kamil Musilek
- University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (L.V.); (L.Z.); (R.D.); (A.L.); (K.K.); (K.M.)
- University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Biomedical Research Centre, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (L.H.); (L.P.)
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19
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Xie J, Liang R, Wang Y, Huang J, Cao X, Niu B. Progress in Target Drug Molecules for Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 20:4-36. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666191203113745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that 4 widespread in the elderly.
The etiology of AD is complicated, and its pathogenesis is still unclear. Although there are many
researches on anti-AD drugs, they are limited to reverse relief symptoms and cannot treat diseases.
Therefore, the development of high-efficiency anti-AD drugs with no side effects has become an urgent
need. Based on the published literature, this paper summarizes the main targets of AD and their drugs,
and focuses on the research and development progress of these drugs in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayang Xie
- School of Life Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Ruirui Liang
- School of Life Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yajiang Wang
- School of Life Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Junyi Huang
- School of Life Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xin Cao
- Zhongshan Hospital Institute of Clinical Science, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Niu
- School of Life Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
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20
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Alzheimer's Disease Pharmacotherapy in Relation to Cholinergic System Involvement. Biomolecules 2019; 10:biom10010040. [PMID: 31888102 PMCID: PMC7022522 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease, a major and increasing global health challenge, is an irreversible, progressive form of dementia, associated with an ongoing decline of brain functioning. The etiology of this disease is not completely understood, and no safe and effective anti-Alzheimer’s disease drug to prevent, stop, or reverse its evolution is currently available. Current pharmacotherapy concentrated on drugs that aimed to improve the cerebral acetylcholine levels by facilitating cholinergic neurotransmission through inhibiting cholinesterase. These compounds, recognized as cholinesterase inhibitors, offer a viable target across key sign domains of Alzheimer’s disease, but have a modest influence on improving the progression of this condition. In this paper, we sought to highlight the current understanding of the cholinergic system involvement in Alzheimer’s disease progression in relation to the recent status of the available cholinesterase inhibitors as effective therapeutics.
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