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Qin D, He C, Gao Y, Lyu B. Optimization of total flavonoids purification process in rose by uniform design method. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 54:946-957. [PMID: 38334942 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2024.2311918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to establish a method for purifying total flavonoids in roses using macroporous resin columns, intending to leverage and harness their potential. We screened six macroporous resins to evaluate their capacity for their adsorption and desorption, ultimately identifying X5 macroporous resin as the most effective. To comprehensively understand the adsorption behavior, we analyzed it using various models, such as pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models, particle diffusion models, and Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models. Employing both single-factor and uniform design, approaches, the focus of this work was on maximizing the total flavonoid recovery rate. A 3-factor and 10-level uniform design table was utilized for optimizing the optimal process parameters and exploring the antioxidant properties of the purified flavonoids. The optimal process conditions for purifying total flavonoids from roses can be summarized as follows: a sample concentration of 2 mg/mL, pH at 2, 55 mL sample volume, eluent ethanol concentration of 75%, eluent volume of 5 BV, and the elution rate set at 1 mL/min. Following purification, the total flavonoid content peaked at 57.82%, achieving an 84.93% recovery rate, signifying substantial antioxidant potential. Consequently, the method established for purifying TFR using X5 macroporous resin in this study proves to be a dependable and reliable method consistent approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Qin
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Cui He
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Yuefeng Gao
- College of Applied Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Sanmenxia, China
| | - Bo Lyu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
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2
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Qiao L, Zhou W, Du K. Rigid crosslink improves the surface area and porosity of β-cyclodextrin beads for enhanced adsorption of flavonoids. Food Chem 2024; 439:138081. [PMID: 38029563 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Many reported β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) polymers have poor flavonoid adsorption performance due to their low surface area and porosity resulting from the compact stack of the β-CD molecules crosslinked by flexible crosslinkers. Here, we propose a rigid crosslink strategy that uses phytic acid (PA) having rigid cyclic group as crosslinkers, achieving a high-surface-area (61.42-140.23 m2/g) and porous β-CD beads. The improved surface area and porosity are attributed to the rigid cyclic groups in PA, which expand the network structure of β-CD polymers. Benefitting from the advantages, the optimized PA-crosslinked β-CD (PA-β-CD) beads have an over tenfold increased adsorption amount and an threefold increased diffusivity for rutin compared with traditional non-porous β-CD beads crosslinked by epichlorohydrin. Moreover, dynamic adsorption experiments reveal that PA-β-CD beads are able to treat about 1100 mL of rutin solution (0.05 mg/mL), over 5 times higher than that of the non-porous β-CD beads (200 mL). These results demonstrate the promise of PA-β-CD beads for rapid and high-capacity adsorption of rutin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangzhi Qiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Weiyu Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Kaifeng Du
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China.
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Yang S, Chu G, Wu J, Zhang G, Du L, Lin R. Enrichment and Evaluation of Antitumor Properties of Total Flavonoids from Juglans mandshurica Maxim. Molecules 2024; 29:1976. [PMID: 38731467 PMCID: PMC11085465 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29091976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are important secondary metabolites found in Juglans mandshurica Maxim., which is a precious reservoir of bioactive substances in China. To explore the antitumor actions of flavonoids (JMFs) from the waste branches of J. mandshurica, the following optimized purification parameters of JMFs by macroporous resins were first obtained. The loading concentration, flow rate, and loading volume of raw flavonoid extracts were 1.4 mg/mL, 2.4 BV/h, and 5 BV, respectively, and for desorption, 60% ethanol (4 BV) was selected to elute JMFs-loaded AB-8 resin at a flow rate of 2.4 BV/h. This adsorption behavior can be explained by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model. Subsequently, JMFs were identified using Fourier transform infrared combined with high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry, and a total of 156 flavonoids were identified. Furthermore, the inhibitory potential of JMFs on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HepG2 cells was demonstrated. The results also show that exposure to JMFs induced apoptotic cell death, which might be associated with extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. Additionally, flow cytometry detection found that JMFs exposure triggered S phase arrest and the generation of reactive oxygen species in HepG2 cells. These findings suggest that the JMFs purified in this study represent great potential for the treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuli Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Guodong Chu
- Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, No. 2888, Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jiacheng Wu
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Guofeng Zhang
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Linna Du
- Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, No. 2888, Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Ruixin Lin
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
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Yang Y, Liang Q, Zhang B, Zhang J, Fan L, Kang J, Lin Y, Huang Y, Tan TC, Ho LH. Adsorption and desorption characteristics of flavonoids from white tea using macroporous adsorption resin. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1715:464621. [PMID: 38198876 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
White tea contains the highest flavonoids compared to other teas. While there have been numerous studies on the components of different tea varieties, research explicitly focusing on the flavonoid content of white tea remains scarce, making the need for a good flavonoid purification process for white tea even more important. This study compared the adsorption and desorption performance of five types of macroporous resins: D101, HP20, HPD500, DM301, and AB-8. Among the tested resins, AB-8 was selected based on its best adsorption and desorption performance to investigate the static adsorption kinetics and dynamic adsorption-desorption purification of white tea flavonoids. The optimal purification process was determined: adsorption temperature 25 °C, crude tea flavonoid extract pH 3, ethanol concentration 80 %, sample loading flow rate and eluent flow rate 1.5 BV/min, and eluent dosage 40 BV. The results indicated that the adsorption process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. Under the above purification conditions, the purity of the total flavonoids in the purified white tea flavonoid increased from approximately 17.69 to 46.23 %, achieving a 2.61-fold improvement, indicating good purification results. The purified white tea flavonoid can be further used for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Yang
- College of Tea and Food Science, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, PR China; Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia USM, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Quanming Liang
- College of Tea and Food Science, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, PR China
| | - Bo Zhang
- College of Tea and Food Science, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, PR China
| | - Jianming Zhang
- College of Tea and Food Science, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, PR China
| | - Li Fan
- College of Tea and Food Science, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, PR China
| | - Jiahui Kang
- College of Tea and Food Science, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, PR China
| | - Yiqin Lin
- College of Tea and Food Science, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, PR China
| | - Yan Huang
- College of Tea and Food Science, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, PR China.
| | - Thuan-Chew Tan
- Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia USM, Penang 11800, Malaysia; Renewable Biomass Transformation Cluster, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia USM, Penang 11800, Malaysia.
| | - Lee-Hoon Ho
- Department of Food Industry, Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut, Terengganu 22200, Malaysia
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Shi M, Pei H, Sun L, Chen W, Zong Y, Zhao Y, Du R, He Z. Optimization of the Flavonoid Extraction Process from the Stem and Leaves of Epimedium Brevicornum and Its Effects on Cyclophosphamide-Induced Renal Injury. Molecules 2023; 29:207. [PMID: 38202790 PMCID: PMC10780727 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CTX) is a broad-spectrum alkylated antitumor drug. It is clinically used in the treatment of a variety of cancers, and renal toxicity is one of the adverse reactions after long-term or repeated use, which not only limits the therapeutic effect of CTX, but also increases the probability of kidney lesions. The total flavonoids of Epimedium stem and leaf (EBF) and Icariin (ICA) are the main medicinal components of Epimedium, and ICA is one of the main active substances in EBF. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that EBF has a variety of biological activities such as improving osteoporosis, promoting cell proliferation, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, etc. However, few studies have been conducted on the nephrotoxicity caused by optimized CTX extraction, and protein-ligand binding has not been involved. This research, through the response surface optimization extraction of EBF, obtained the best extraction conditions: ethanol concentration was 60%, solid-liquid ratio of 25:1, ultrasonic time was about 25 min. Combined with mass spectrometry (MS) analysis, EBF contained ICA, ichopidin A, ichopidin B, ichopidin C, and other components. In this study, we adopted a computational chemistry method called molecular docking, and the results show that Icariin was well bound to the antioxidant target proteins KEAP1 and NRF2, and the anti-inflammatory target proteins COX-2 and NF-κB, with free binding energies of -9.8 kcal/mol, -11.0 kcal/mol, -10.0 kcal/mol, and -8.1 kcal/mol, respectively. To study the protective effect of EBF on the nephrotoxicity of CTX, 40 male Kunming mice (weight 18 ± 22) were injected with CTX (80 mg/kg) for 7 days to establish the nephrotoxicity model and were treated with EBF (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg) for 8 days by gavage. After CTX administration, MDA, BUN, Cre, and IL-6 levels in serum increased, MDA increased in kidney, GPT/ALT and IL-6 increased in liver, and IL-6 increased in spleen and was significant ((p < 0.05 or (p < 0.01)). Histopathological observation showed that renal cortex glomerular atrophy necrosis, medullary inflammatory cell infiltration, and other lesions. After administration of EBF, CTX-induced increase in serum level of related indexes was reduced, and MDA in kidney, GPT/ALT and IL-6 in liver, and IL-6 in spleen were increased. At the same time, histopathological findings showed that the necrosis of medullary and corticorenal tubular epithelium was relieved at EBF (50 mg/kg) dose compared with the CTX group, and the glomerular tubular necrosis gradually became normal at EBF (100 mg/kg) dose. Western blot analysis of Keap1 and Nrf2 protein expression in kidney tissue showed that compared with model CTX group, the drug administration group could alleviate the high expression of Keap1 protein and low expression of Nrf2 protein in kidney tissue. Conclusion: After the optimal extraction of total flavonoids from the stems and leaves of Epimedium, the molecular docking technique combined with animal experiments suggested that the effective component of the total flavonoids of Epimedium might activate the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway after treatment to reduce the inflammation and oxidative stress of kidney tissue, so as to reduce kidney damage and improve kidney function. Therefore, EBF may become a new natural protective agent for CTX chemotherapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Shi
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (M.S.); (H.P.); (L.S.); (W.C.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.D.)
| | - Hongyan Pei
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (M.S.); (H.P.); (L.S.); (W.C.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.D.)
| | - Li Sun
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (M.S.); (H.P.); (L.S.); (W.C.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.D.)
| | - Weijia Chen
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (M.S.); (H.P.); (L.S.); (W.C.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.D.)
| | - Ying Zong
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (M.S.); (H.P.); (L.S.); (W.C.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.D.)
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (M.S.); (H.P.); (L.S.); (W.C.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.D.)
- Engineering Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Product Development of Sika Deer, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Rui Du
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (M.S.); (H.P.); (L.S.); (W.C.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.D.)
- Engineering Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Product Development of Sika Deer, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zhongmei He
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (M.S.); (H.P.); (L.S.); (W.C.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.D.)
- Engineering Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Product Development of Sika Deer, Changchun 130118, China
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Yang J, Wu L, Wang T, Zhao Y, Zheng X, Liu Y. An Integrated Extraction-Purification Process for Raspberry Leaf Polyphenols and Their In Vitro Activities. Molecules 2023; 28:6321. [PMID: 37687149 PMCID: PMC10489654 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
To improve the utilization value of raspberry leaves, the extraction and purification conditions of phenolic compounds from raspberry leaves were optimized, and the contents of phenolic compounds and the biological activities of extracts were studied. After steam explosion pretreatment at 115 °C for 15 min, raspberry leaf extract with a total phenolic content (TPC) of 136.30~140.51 mg GAE/g was obtained via homogenization and ultrasound-assisted extraction. In addition, the adsorption relationship between raspberry leaf polyphenols and middle polar XDA-6 macroporous resin was best described by the Langmuir model, and tended to be monolayer adsorption. Its adsorption kinetics best resembled the pseudo second-order kinetic model, and it was speculated that this was influenced by multiple factors. According to the optimal integrated extraction-purification process, the TPC of the extracts increased to 738.98 mg GAE/g after one application of purification and 905.27 mg GAE/g after two applications of purification. Moreover, the latter case showed the highest antioxidant activity and α-glucosidase inhibition activity, and the content of the most typical compound, quercetin-3-glucuronide, reached 199.69 mg/g. SE has a double-edged effect, and is more conducive to the release of active substances as a pre-treatment method. This study provides a theoretical basis for the efficient use of raspberry leaves, further improving their medicinal and economic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (L.W.); (T.W.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Dezhou Industrial Technology Research Institute of North University of China, Dezhou 533034, China
- Shanxi Jingxi Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Liyang Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (L.W.); (T.W.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (L.W.); (T.W.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Dezhou Industrial Technology Research Institute of North University of China, Dezhou 533034, China
| | - Yiqing Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (L.W.); (T.W.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xiaoqian Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (L.W.); (T.W.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yongping Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (L.W.); (T.W.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Dezhou Industrial Technology Research Institute of North University of China, Dezhou 533034, China
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Liu X, Yan S, Zhou H, Wu H, Wang S, Yong X, Zhou J. Separation and purification of glabridin from a deep eutectic solvent extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra residue by macroporous resin and its mechanism. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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Jiang X, Yang X, Shi Y, Long Y, Su W, He W, Wei K, Miao J. Maackiain inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by inhibiting the MAPK/Ras signaling pathway. Chin J Nat Med 2023; 21:185-196. [PMID: 37003641 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(23)60420-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the third most common malignancy with a high recurrence and metastasis rate in South China. Natural compounds extracted from traditional Chinese herbal medicines have been developed and utilized for the treatment of a variety of cancers with modest properties and slight side effects. Maackiain (MA) is a type of flavonoid that was first isolated from leguminous plants, and it has been reported to relieve various nervous system disorders and exert anti-allergic as well as anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we demonstrated that MA inhibited proliferation, arrested cell cycle and induced apoptosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE1 and CNE2 cells in vitro and in vivo. The expression of the related proteins associated with these processes were consistent with the above effects. Moreover, transcriptome sequencing and subsequent Western blot experiments revealed that inhibition of the MAPK/Ras pathway may be responsible to the anti-tumor effect of MA on NPC cells. Therefore, the effects of MA and an activator of this pathway, tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), alone or combination, were investigated. The results showed TBHQ neutralized the inhibitory effects of MA. These data suggest that MA exerts its anti-tumor effect by inhibiting the MAPK/Ras signaling pathway and it has the potential to become a treatment for patients with NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement/Guangxi Engineering Research Center of TCM Resource Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Xiaonan Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement/Guangxi Engineering Research Center of TCM Resource Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China.
| | - Yanxia Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement/Guangxi Engineering Research Center of TCM Resource Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China
| | - Yan Long
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement/Guangxi Engineering Research Center of TCM Resource Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China
| | - Wenqing Su
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement/Guangxi Engineering Research Center of TCM Resource Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China; College of Pharmacy, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China
| | - Wendong He
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement/Guangxi Engineering Research Center of TCM Resource Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China; Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Kunhua Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement/Guangxi Engineering Research Center of TCM Resource Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China
| | - Jianhua Miao
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement/Guangxi Engineering Research Center of TCM Resource Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China.
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Zhou C, Chen J, Zhang H, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Liu K, Mi M, Xia Q. Investigation of the chemical profile and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of flavonoids from Artemisia vestita Wall. ex Besser via targeted metabolomics, zebrafish model, and network pharmacology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 302:115932. [PMID: 36403745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Artemisia vestita Wall. ex Besser is wildly distributed in the western high-altitude area of China and has been used as a Tibetan medicine to treat inflammatory diseases. We previously demonstrated the total flavonoids of Artemisia vestita Wall. ex Besser (TFA) showed obvious anti-inflammatory effects and its content was 276.62 mg/g. However, the chemical profile, active ingredients, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of TFA are not clear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to study the components of TFA, evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of TFA, and preliminarily predict the anti-inflammatory mechanism of TFA. MATERIALS AND METHODS TFA was prepared by the semi-biomimetic extraction method and purified by macroporous resin. The components of TFA were analyzed based on LC-MS combined with the targeted metabolomics method. The anti-inflammatory activity of TFA was evaluated using CuSO4-induced and tail cutting-induced zebrafish inflammation models. Based on the network pharmacology method, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of the main components of TFA was preliminarily predicted. RESULTS A total of 185 components were identified in TFA. TFA showed significant anti-inflammatory effects on CuSO4-induced and tail cutting-induced zebrafish inflammation models. According to network pharmacology prediction and experimental verification, 10 compounds were identified as the main active ingredients, including 3,7-di-O-methylquercetin, Hesperetin 5-O-glucoside, Myricitrin, et al. Twenty key targets were recognized, such as TNF, AKT1, VEGFA, MMP9, EGFR, PTGS2 et al. Moreover, the TNF signaling pathway and NOD-like receptor signaling pathway were identified to play vital roles in the anti-inflammatory effects of TFA. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed the chemical profile of TFA and identified the main active ingredients, key targets, and pathways of TFA in anti-inflammatory effects, which is helpful to elucidate the pharmacodynamic substances and action mechanisms of Artemisia vestita Wall. ex Besser, to promote its clinical rational application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyi Zhou
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Tibetan Traditional Medicine College, Lhasa, 850000, China
| | - Huazheng Zhang
- Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, China
| | - Kechun Liu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, China
| | - Ma Mi
- Tibetan Traditional Medicine College, Lhasa, 850000, China.
| | - Qing Xia
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, China.
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10
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Wang Z, Yang S, Gao Y, Huang J. Extraction and purification of antioxidative flavonoids from Chionanthus retusa leaf. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1085562. [PMID: 36568308 PMCID: PMC9780382 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1085562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, flavonoids from the leaves of Chionanthus retusa were extracted using alcohol, and the extraction yield was optimized by single-factor and orthogonal experiments. Then, the extracted solution with flavonoids was purified via macroporous resin by elution with different concentrations of ethanol. The antioxidative activity of total flavonoid in purified extracted solution was evaluated by detecting its ability to scavenge DPPH free radicals. The results demonstrated that ethanol with a concentration of 60%, ultrasonic power of 140 W, liquid-solid ratio of 25:1 ml g-1, and water-bath temperature of 80°C were the optimal conditions for the extraction of total flavonoids from C. retusa leaf, achieving a yield of 121.28 mg g-1. After purification by macroporous resin using different concentrations of ethanol, the highest content of total flavonoids (88.51%) in the extracted solution can be obtained with the 50% ethanol eluant. The results of scavenging DPPH free radicals suggest that the purified flavonoids in the 50% ethanol eluant had the best antioxidant capacity over the flavonoids in other ethanol eluants. In addition, it is confirmed the antioxidant capacity of the extractives was associated with the content of total flavonoids and kinds of flavonoids. These results may provide a feasible pathway to make full use of total flavonoids from C. retusa leaf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Lianyungang Forestry Technical Guidance Station, Lianyungang, China
| | - Shilong Yang
- Advanced Analysis and Testing Center, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Shilong Yang,
| | - Yajun Gao
- Lianyungang Forestry Technical Guidance Station, Lianyungang, China
| | - Jianting Huang
- Lianyungang Forestry Technical Guidance Station, Lianyungang, China
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Umeoguaju FU, Akaninwor JO, Essien EB, Amadi BA, Chukeze EJ, Nwafor IR. Macroporous adsorptive resin-assisted enrichment of polyphenol from Psidium guajava leaves improved its in vitro antioxidant and anti-hemolytic properties. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2022:1-8. [PMID: 36449397 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2022.2150932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Phytochemical analyses of guava leaf extracts, commonly applied in traditional medicine, revealed the presence of several bioactive polyphenols. In this study, we optimized the enrichment of total polyphenol from Guava leaf ethanolic extract (GEE) using six macroporous adsorptive resins (MAR) including AB8, D101, X5, ADS17, S400, and AD7. Also investigated are the contributions of adsorption time, extract concentration, pH, elution time, and eluent ethanol concentrations on the polyphenol enrichment potential of MAR. The antioxidant and anti-hemolytic properties of the crude and polyphenol-rich extracts were determined. Our results indicate that treatment of GEE extract with AB8 MAR at a concentration of 15 mg GEE/g resin, adsorption time of 45 min, elution time of 40 min, and eluent ethanol concentration of 50% (v/v) improved the flavonoids and phenol concentration of GEE by 2 and 2.5 folds respectively. The DPPH radical scavenging, ferric reducing ability of the plasma (FRAP), anti-hemolytic and anti-peroxidation activity of the resultant polyphenol-rich extracts improved by 1.5, 1.6, 1.4, and 1.88 folds respectively, when compared to the crude extract. Our work shows that the MAR-assisted enrichment operation is a rapid, feasible, and economical strategy for enriching bioactive polyphenols from guava leaf extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Uchenna Umeoguaju
- World Bank Africa Centre of Excellence in Public Health and Toxicological Research (PUTOR), University of Port Harcourt, PMB, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Joyce Oronne Akaninwor
- World Bank Africa Centre of Excellence in Public Health and Toxicological Research (PUTOR), University of Port Harcourt, PMB, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Eka Bassey Essien
- World Bank Africa Centre of Excellence in Public Health and Toxicological Research (PUTOR), University of Port Harcourt, PMB, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Benjamin Achor Amadi
- World Bank Africa Centre of Excellence in Public Health and Toxicological Research (PUTOR), University of Port Harcourt, PMB, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
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Efficient purification of flavonoids from bamboo shoot residues of Phyllostachys edulis by macroporous resin and their hypoglycemic activity. Food Chem X 2022; 16:100505. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Separation and Purification of Two Saponins from Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis by a Macroporous Resin. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196626. [PMID: 36235164 PMCID: PMC9570678 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
An effective method for separating and purifying critical saponins (polyphyllin II and polyphyllin VII) from a Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis extract was developed in this study which was environmentally friendly and economical. Static adsorption kinetics, thermodynamics, and the dynamic adsorption-desorption of macroporous resins were investigated, and then the conditions of purification and separation were optimized by fitting with an adsorption thermodynamics equation and a kinetic equation. Effective NKA-9 resin from seven macroporous resins was screened out to separate and purify the two saponins. The static adsorption and dynamic adsorption were chemical and physical adsorption dual-processes on the NKA-9 resin. Under the optimum parameters, the contents of polyphyllin II and polyphyllin VII in the product were 17.3-fold and 28.6-fold those in plant extracts, respectively. The total yields of the two saponins were 93.16%. This research thus provides a theoretical foundation for the large-scale industrial production of the natural drugs polyphyllin II and polyphyllin VII.
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Chen X, Wang H, Huang X, Xia S, Chen C, Nie Q, Nie S. Efficient enrichment of total flavonoids from kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala L.) extracts by NKA-9 resin and antioxidant activities of flavonoids extract in vitro. Food Chem 2021; 374:131508. [PMID: 34906804 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This work established an effective method for kale flavonoids enrichment by resins. Resin screening, adsorption kinetics and isotherms, dynamic adsorption and desorption tests were conducted to optimize the appropriate resins and enrichment conditions. The results showed that NKA-9 was the optimum resin. The best adsorption conditions were 0.2 mg/mL flavonoids concentration, 12.5 bed volume (BV) sample volume and 2 BV/h adsorption rate. The desorption conditions were 3 BV of 80% ethanol at 2 BV/h elution rate. Under these conditions, the product purity was 31.16%. The purified flavonoids extract was mainly comprised of Kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside-7-O-diglucoside, Kaempferol-3,7,4'-O-d-triglucoside, Kaempferol-3-O-feruloyl-sophoroside-7-O-d-glucoside, and Kaempferol-3-O-sinapoyl-sophoroside. Moreover, it presented higher scavenging ability against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and hydroxyl (OH) radical than crude extract. In conclusion, kale flavonoids can be well concentrated by NKA-9 resin and the purified flavonoids extract has good antioxidant activity which can be potentially applied in food, cosmetic or pharmacy industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Xiaojun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Shengkun Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Chunhua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Qixing Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Shaoping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
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Adsorption and Desorption Characteristics of Total Flavonoids from Acanthopanax senticosus on Macroporous Adsorption Resins. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144162. [PMID: 34299437 PMCID: PMC8306655 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the application of six different resins with the aim of selecting a macroporous resin suitable for purifying Acanthopanax senticosus total flavonoids (ASTFs) from Acanthopanax senticosus crude extract (EAS) by comparing their adsorption/desorption capacities, which led to the selection of HPD-600. Research on the adsorption mechanism showed that the adsorption process had pseudo-second-order kinetics and fit the Freundlich adsorption model. Moreover, the analysis of thermodynamic parameters indicated that the adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic. The optimal conditions for purification of ASTFs were determined as sample pH of 3, 60% ethanol concentration, and 3 BV·h−1 flow rate, for both adsorption and desorption, using volumes of 2.5 and 4 BV, respectively. The application of macroporous resin HPD-600 to enrich ASTFs resulted in an increase in the purity of total flavonoids, from 28.79% to 50.57%. Additionally, the antioxidant capacity of ASTFs was higher than that of EAS, but both were lower than that of L-ascorbic acid. The changes in ASTFs compositions were determined using ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS), with the results illustrating that the levels of seven major flavonoids of ASTFs were increased compared to that in the crude extract.
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A facile macroporous resin-based method for separation of yellow and orange Monascus pigments. Food Sci Biotechnol 2021; 30:545-553. [PMID: 33936846 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-021-00892-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The yellow Monascus pigments (YMPs) named monascin and ankaflavin and the orange Monascus pigments (OMPs) named rubropunctatin and monascorubrin are two groups of bioactive components in a mixture state in the Monascus fermented products. In order to separate these two groups of bioactive pigments, a facile macroporous resin-based method was developed. The weak-polar resin CAD-40 was selected from the seven tested macroporous resins as it revealed better properties for the adsorption and desorption of the YMPs and OMPs. Then, CAD-40 resin was used for column-chromatographic separation. After eluted by 4 bed volumes of ethanol, the yellow group (monascin and ankaflavin) and the orange group (rubropunctatin and monascorubrin) were successfully separated and purified, with an increased content from 49.3% and 44.2% in the crude pigment extract to 85.2% and 83.0% in the final products, respectively. This method would be helpful for the large-scale separation and purification of Monascus pigment products with specific bioactivity.
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Ismail BB, Yusuf HL, Pu Y, Zhao H, Guo M, Liu D. Ultrasound-assisted adsorption/desorption for the enrichment and purification of flavonoids from baobab (Adansonia digitata) fruit pulp. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2020; 65:104980. [PMID: 32203917 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.104980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This work described the purification and enrichment of flavonoids from baobab (Adansonia digitata) fruit pulp (BFP) by ultrasound-assisted adsorption/desorption procedure using macroporous resins. Four resins were tested and HPD-500 polar resin exhibited the best adsorption/desorption properties. Based on preliminary experiments and literature reports, the effects of various ultrasonic conditions including high power short time (HPST, 540 W for 5 min), medium power medium time (MPMT, 270 W for 15 min) and low power long time (LPLT, 45 W for 30 min) as well as different temperatures (T = 25-45 °C) on the adsorption of Total Flavonoids Content (TFC) were investigated in comparison with orbital shaking/no sonication (NS). Also, the effect of ultrasound on the desorption capacity and recovery of TFC was determined at different concentrations of ethanol (30-100%). Remarkably, ultrasonic treatment significantly increased the adsorption/desorption capacity and recovery and shortened the equilibrium time. The pseudo-second-order kinetic and Freundlich isotherm models better delineated the adsorption process under ultrasound. Moreover, the adsorption process was both spontaneous and thermodynamically favourable with physical adsorption and multilinear intraparticle diffusion being the predominant mechanisms of the whole process. HPST treatment at 25 °C with 80% ethanol as the desorption solvent most noticeably enhanced the adsorption/desorption of flavonoids and contributed to the highest recovery of TFC, Total Phenolic Content (TPC), and antioxidant capacity in addition to a 5-8-fold reduction in total sugar and acid contents when compared with NS treatment. Moreover, HPLC analysis revealed that the content of nine out of thirteen phenolic compounds from the HPST treatment was the highest, and the individual flavonoids content increased by 2-3-fold compared with the other treatments. Our analyses suggested that ultrasound can be employed as a practical approach to intensify the adsorption and desorption of functional compounds in BFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balarabe B Ismail
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R & D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, China; Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Bayero University, Kano PMB 3011, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Hauwa L Yusuf
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Bayero University, Kano PMB 3011, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Yunfeng Pu
- Department of Food Science, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
| | - Huanhuan Zhao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R & D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, China
| | - Mingming Guo
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R & D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, China; Fuli Institute of Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Donghong Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R & D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, China; Fuli Institute of Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Caputo M, Lyles JT, Salazar MS, Quave CL. LEGO MINDSTORMS Fraction Collector: A Low-Cost Tool for a Preparative High-Performance Liquid Chromatography System. Anal Chem 2020; 92:1687-1690. [PMID: 31860273 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Preparative high-performance liquid chromatographic (prep-HPLC) systems are used in many research schemes including purifying products from reaction mixtures, fractionating natural product extracts, and isolating compounds. Manual fraction collection from a prep-HPLC is a common method; however, it often lacks the reproducibility of automated fraction collectors due to human error. Automated fraction collectors for prep-HPLC systems can add thousands of dollars to the cost of prep-HPLC and are thus not always available to budgetary constrained research programs. Nevertheless, an automated fraction collector is a tremendous resource for any lab that employs prep-HPLC methods. Using LEGO MINDSTORMS pieces and easily obtained lumber and a steel C-channel, we were able to deploy an automated fraction collector for only a fraction of the cost of a commercial instrument. The programming software allows for a simple interface to create fraction collection programs tailored to individual HPLC methods. This fraction collector can be connected to any LC system and tailored to collect fractions in nearly any size or shaped container. This fraction collector was designed to provide maximum versatility and will make automated fraction collection more accessible to all researchers. The simple interface allows for quickly adapting the fraction collector method to any liquid chromatographic separation, no matter how complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Caputo
- Center for the Study of Human Health , Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
| | - James T Lyles
- Center for the Study of Human Health , Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
| | - Monique S Salazar
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine , Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
| | - Cassandra L Quave
- Center for the Study of Human Health , Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States.,Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine , Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia 30322 , United States
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