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Zhang H, Li Y, Fu Y, Jiao H, Wang X, Wang Q, Zhou M, Yong YC, Liu J. A structure-functionality insight into the bioactivity of microbial polysaccharides toward biomedical applications: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 335:122078. [PMID: 38616098 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Microbial polysaccharides (MPs) are biopolymers secreted by microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi during their metabolic processes. Compared to polysaccharides derived from plants and animals, MPs have advantages such as wide sources, high production efficiency, and less susceptibility to natural environmental influences. The most attractive feature of MPs lies in their diverse biological activities, such as antioxidative, anti-tumor, antibacterial, and immunomodulatory activities, which have demonstrated immense potential for applications in functional foods, cosmetics, and biomedicine. These bioactivities are precisely regulated by their sophisticated molecular structure. However, the mechanisms underlying this precise regulation are not yet fully understood and continue to evolve. This article presents a comprehensive review of the most representative species of MPs, including their fermentation and purification processes and their biomedical applications in recent years. In particular, this work presents an in-depth analysis into the structure-activity relationships of MPs across multiple molecular levels. Additionally, this review discusses the challenges and prospects of investigating the structure-activity relationships, providing valuable insights into the broad and high-value utilization of MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxing Zhang
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, c/o School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yan Li
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, c/o School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yinyi Fu
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, c/o School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Haixin Jiao
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, c/o School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, c/o School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, c/o School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Mengbo Zhou
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, c/o School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yang-Chun Yong
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, c/o School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, c/o School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
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2
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Paoletti L, Baschieri F, Migliorini C, Di Meo C, Monasson O, Peroni E, Matricardi P. 3D printing of gellan-dextran methacrylate IPNs in glycerol and their bioadhesion by RGD derivatives. J Biomed Mater Res A 2024; 112:1107-1123. [PMID: 38433552 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The ever-growing need for new tissue and organ replacement approaches paved the way for tissue engineering. Successful tissue regeneration requires an appropriate scaffold, which allows cell adhesion and provides mechanical support during tissue repair. In this light, an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) system based on biocompatible polysaccharides, dextran (Dex) and gellan (Ge), was designed and proposed as a surface that facilitates cell adhesion in tissue engineering applications. The new matrix was developed in glycerol, an unconventional solvent, before the chemical functionalization of the polymer backbone, which provides the system with enhanced properties, such as increased stiffness and bioadhesiveness. Dex was modified introducing methacrylic groups, which are known to be sensitive to UV light. At the same time, Ge was functionalized with RGD moieties, known as promoters for cell adhesion. The printability of the systems was evaluated by exploiting the ability of glycerol to act as a co-initiator in the process, speeding up the kinetics of crosslinking. Following semi-IPNs formation, the solvent was removed by extensive solvent exchange with HEPES and CaCl2, leading to conversion into IPNs due to the ionic gelation of Ge chains. Mechanical properties were investigated and IPNs ability to promote osteoblasts adhesion was evaluated on thin-layer, 3D-printed disk films. Our results show a significant increase in adhesion on hydrogels decorated with RGD moieties, where osteoblasts adopted the spindle-shaped morphology typical of adherent mesenchymal cells. Our findings support the use of RGD-decorated Ge/Dex IPNs as new matrices able to support and facilitate cell adhesion in the perspective of bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Paoletti
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Baschieri
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Claudia Migliorini
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Di Meo
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Olivier Monasson
- CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS, BioCIS, Cergy-Pontoise, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Elisa Peroni
- CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS, BioCIS, Cergy-Pontoise, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Pietro Matricardi
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Lalebeigi F, Alimohamadi A, Afarin S, Aliabadi HAM, Mahdavi M, Farahbakhshpour F, Hashemiaval N, Khandani KK, Eivazzadeh-Keihan R, Maleki A. Recent advances on biomedical applications of gellan gum: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 334:122008. [PMID: 38553201 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Gellan gum (GG) has attracted considerable attention as a versatile biopolymer with numerous potential biological applications, especially in the fields of tissue engineering, wound healing, and cargo delivery. Due to its distinctive characteristics like biocompatibility, biodegradability, nontoxicity, and gel-forming ability, GG is well-suited for these applications. This review focuses on recent research on GG-based hydrogels and biocomposites and their biomedical applications. It discusses the incorporation of GG into hydrogels for controlled drug release, its role in promoting wound healing processes, and its potential in tissue engineering for various tissues including bone, retina, cartilage, vascular, adipose, and cardiac tissue. It provides an in-depth analysis of the latest findings and advancements in these areas, making it a valuable resource for researchers and professionals in these fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Lalebeigi
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran
| | | | - Shahin Afarin
- School of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Farahbakhshpour
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran (IPI), Tehran, Iran
| | - Neginsadat Hashemiaval
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran (IPI), Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimia Kalantari Khandani
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran (IPI), Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Eivazzadeh-Keihan
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran.
| | - Ali Maleki
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran.
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Liu Y, Hong J. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Laden In Situ-Forming Hydrogel for Preventing Corneal Stromal Opacity. Cornea 2024; 43:609-626. [PMID: 38289027 PMCID: PMC10980177 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000003475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aims of this study were to construct a mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-laden in situ-forming hydrogel and study its effects on preventing corneal stromal opacity. METHODS The native gellan gum was modified by high temperature and pressure, and the rabbit bone marrow MSCs were encapsulated before adding Ca 2+ to initiate cross-linking. The effects of the hydrogel on 3D culture and gene expression of the rabbit bone marrow MSCs were observed in vitro. Then, the MSC-hydrogel was used to repair corneal stromal injury in New Zealand white rabbits within 28 days postoperation. RESULTS The short-chain gellan gum solution has a very low viscosity (<0.1 Pa·s) that is ideal for encapsulating cells. Moreover, mRNA expressions of 3D-cultured MSCs coding for corneal stromal components (decorin, lumican, and keratocan) were upregulated (by 127.8, 165.5, and 25.4 times, respectively) ( P < 0.05) on day 21 in vitro and were verified by Western blotting results. For the in vivo study, the corneal densitometry of the experimental group was (20.73 ± 1.85) grayscale units which was lower than the other groups ( P < 0.05). The MSC-hydrogel downregulated mRNA expression coding for fibrosis markers (α-smooth muscle actin, vimentin, collagen type 5-α1, and collagen type 1-α1) in the rabbit corneal stroma. Furthermore, some of the 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU)-labeled MSCs integrated into the upper corneal stroma and expressed keratocyte-specific antigens on day 28 postoperation. CONCLUSIONS The short-chain gellan gum allows MSCs to slowly release to the corneal stromal defect and prevent corneal stromal opacity. Some of the implanted MSCs can integrate into the corneal stroma and differentiate into keratocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; and
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Hong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; and
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Beijing, China
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Abdl Aali RAK, Al-Sahlany STG. Gellan Gum as a Unique Microbial Polysaccharide: Its Characteristics, Synthesis, and Current Application Trends. Gels 2024; 10:183. [PMID: 38534601 DOI: 10.3390/gels10030183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Gellan gum (GG) is a linear, negatively charged exopolysaccharide that is biodegradable and non-toxic. When metallic ions are present, a hard and transparent gel is produced, which remains stable at a low pH. It exhibits high water solubility, can be easily bio-fabricated, demonstrates excellent film/hydrogel formation, is biodegradable, and shows biocompatibility. These characteristics render GG a suitable option for use in food, biomedical, and cosmetic fields. Thus, this review paper offers a concise summary of microbial polysaccharides. Moreover, an in-depth investigation of trends in different facets of GG, such as biosynthesis, chemical composition, and physical and chemical properties, is emphasized. In addition, this paper highlights the process of extracting and purifying GG. Furthermore, an in-depth discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of GG concerning other polysaccharides is presented. Moreover, the utilization of GG across different industries, such as food, medicine, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, etc., is thoroughly examined and will greatly benefit individuals involved in this field who are seeking fresh opportunities for innovative projects in the future.
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Liu H, Li K, Guo B, Yuan Y, Ruan Z, Long H, Zhu J, Zhu Y, Chen C. Engineering an injectable gellan gum-based hydrogel with osteogenesis and angiogenesis for bone regeneration. Tissue Cell 2024; 86:102279. [PMID: 38007880 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Injectable hydrogels are currently a topic of great interest in bone tissue engineering, which could fill irregular bone defects in a short time and avoid traditional major surgery. Herein, we developed an injectable gellan gum (GG)-based hydrogel for bone defect repair by blending nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) and magnesium sulfate (MgSO4). In order to acquire an injectable GG-based hydrogel with superior osteogenesis, nHA were blended into GG solution with an optimized proportion. For the aim of endowing this hydrogel capable of angiogenesis, MgSO4 was also incorporated. Physicochemical evaluation revealed that GG-based hydrogel containing 5% nHA (w/v) and 2.5 mM MgSO4 (GG/5%nHA/MgSO4) had appropriate sol-gel transition time, showed a porosity-like structure, and could release magnesium ions for at least 14 days. Rheological studies showed that the GG/5%nHA/MgSO4 hydrogel had a stable structure and repeatable self-healing properties. In-vitro results determined that GG/5%nHA/MgSO4 hydrogel presented superior ability on stimulating bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to differentiate into osteogenic linage and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to generate vascularization. In-vivo, GG/5%nHA/MgSO4 hydrogel was evaluated via a rat cranial defect model, as shown by better new bone formation and more neovascularization invasion. Therefore, the study demonstrated that the new injectable hydrogel, is a favorable bioactive GG-based hydrogel, and provides potential strategies for robust therapeutic interventions to improve the repair of bone defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Kaihu Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Bin Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Yuhao Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Zhe Ruan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Haitao Long
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Jianxi Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China.
| | - Can Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China.
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Wei Q, Gao F, Gao L, Gao H, Zhang J, Bao R, Zhang H, Wang J, Shen Q, Gu M. Construction of chrysophanol loaded nanoparticles with N-octyl-O-sulfate chitosan for enhanced nephroprotective effect. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 193:106685. [PMID: 38154506 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Natural occurring anthraquinone like chrysophanol has been studied because of its anti-diabetic, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and neuroprotective properties. Nonetheless, its poor water solubility and unstable nature are big concerns in achieving efficient delivery and associated pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects. Herein, this study sought to solve the above-mentioned problem through development of chrysophanol-loaded nanoparticles to enhance the bioavailability of chrysophanol and to evaluate its anti-renal fibrosis effect in rats. After synthesis of a safe N-octyl-O-sulfate chitosan, we used it to prepare chrysophanol-loaded nanoparticles through dialysis technique before we performed and physical characterization. Also, we tested the stability of the nanoparticles for 21 days at 4 °C and room temperature (25 °C) and evaluated their pharmacokinetics and anti-renal fibrosis effect in rat model of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In terms of results, the nano-preparation demonstrated an acceptable narrow size distribution, wherein the encapsulation rate, size, polydispersed index (PDI) and electrokinetic potential at room temperature were respectively 83.41±0.89 %, 364.88±13.62 nm, 0.192±0.015 and 23.78±1.39 mV. During 21 days of storage, we observed that size of particles and electrokinetic potential altered slightly but the difference was statistically insignificant (p > 0.05). Also, in vitro release studies showed that the formulation reached 84.74 % at 24 h. Chrysophanol nanoparticles showed a 2.57-fold increase in bioavailability compared to unformulated chrysophanol. More importantly, chrysophanol nanoparticles demonstrated certain renal internalization properties and anti-renal fibrosis effects, which could ultimately result in reduced blood-urea nitrogen (BUN), kidney-injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and serum creatinine (SCr) levels in model rats. In conclusion, the prepared chrysophanol-loaded nanoparticles potentially increased bioavailability and enhanced nephroprotective effects of chrysophanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxue Wei
- Department of Nephrology, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 6 Huanghe Road, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, China
| | - Fuping Gao
- Department of Pathology, Gaochun People's Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211300, China
| | - Leiping Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 6 Huanghe Road, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, China
| | - Hong Gao
- PharmaMax Pharmaceuticals, Ltd., No.1 Nanbatang Road, China Medical City, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No.58 Changsheng South Road, Taicang, Jiangsu 215499, China
| | - Rui Bao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 6 Huanghe Road, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, China
| | - Jiapeng Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Qiusheng Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Changshu Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 6 Huanghe Road, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, China.
| | - Mingjia Gu
- Department of Nephrology, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 6 Huanghe Road, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, China.
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Wu S, Xiao R, Wu Y, Xu L. Advances in tissue engineering of gellan gum-based hydrogels. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 324:121484. [PMID: 37985043 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Gellan Gum (GG) is a large, naturally occurring, linear polysaccharide with a similar structure and biological properties to the extracellular matrix. It's appropriate as a matrix material for the development of different composite materials due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and injectability. Hydrogels made from GG have found various applications in the field of Tissue Engineering (TE) in recent years after being mixed with a variety of other organic and inorganic components. These composites are considered multifunctional developing biomaterials because of their impressive mechanical capabilities, biocompatibility, low cytotoxicity, etc. This review focuses on the emerging advances of GG-based hydrogels in TE, providing an overview of the applications of different types of GG-based composite materials in bone TE, cartilage TE, nervous TE, retina TE, and other fields. Moreover, the investigations of GG-based hydrogels as bioink components for 3D bioprinting in TE will be elucidated. This review offers general guidance for the development of biomaterials related to GG, as well as ideas for future clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanyi Wu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care, Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Disease and Oral Health, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Rongjun Xiao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care, Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Disease and Oral Health, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yong Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Laijun Xu
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China.
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Kuperkar K, Atanase LI, Bahadur A, Crivei IC, Bahadur P. Degradable Polymeric Bio(nano)materials and Their Biomedical Applications: A Comprehensive Overview and Recent Updates. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:206. [PMID: 38257005 PMCID: PMC10818796 DOI: 10.3390/polym16020206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Degradable polymers (both biomacromolecules and several synthetic polymers) for biomedical applications have been promising very much in the recent past due to their low cost, biocompatibility, flexibility, and minimal side effects. Here, we present an overview with updated information on natural and synthetic degradable polymers where a brief account on different polysaccharides, proteins, and synthetic polymers viz. polyesters/polyamino acids/polyanhydrides/polyphosphazenes/polyurethanes relevant to biomedical applications has been provided. The various approaches for the transformation of these polymers by physical/chemical means viz. cross-linking, as polyblends, nanocomposites/hybrid composites, interpenetrating complexes, interpolymer/polyion complexes, functionalization, polymer conjugates, and block and graft copolymers, are described. The degradation mechanism, drug loading profiles, and toxicological aspects of polymeric nanoparticles formed are also defined. Biomedical applications of these degradable polymer-based biomaterials in and as wound dressing/healing, biosensors, drug delivery systems, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine, etc., are highlighted. In addition, the use of such nano systems to solve current drug delivery problems is briefly reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketan Kuperkar
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology (SVNIT), Ichchhanath, Piplod, Surat 395007, Gujarat, India;
| | - Leonard Ionut Atanase
- Faculty of Medical Dentistry, “Apollonia” University of Iasi, 700511 Iasi, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 050045 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anita Bahadur
- Department of Zoology, Sir PT Sarvajanik College of Science, Surat 395001, Gujarat, India;
| | - Ioana Cristina Crivei
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, 700449 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Pratap Bahadur
- Department of Chemistry, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University (VNSGU), Udhana-Magdalla Road, Surat 395007, Gujarat, India;
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10
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Zanotti A, Baldino L, Reverchon E. Production of Exopolysaccharide-Based Porous Structures for Biomedical Applications: A Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2920. [PMID: 37999274 PMCID: PMC10675614 DOI: 10.3390/nano13222920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Exopolysaccharides, obtained from microorganisms as fermentation products, are interesting candidates for biomedical applications as scaffolds: they are biocompatible, nontoxic, antimicrobial, antitumor materials. To produce exopolysaccharide-based scaffolds, sol-gel technology could be used, which ends with the removal of the liquid phase from the polymeric network (i.e., the drying step). The aim of this review is to point out the most relevant strengths and weaknesses of the different drying techniques, focusing attention on the production of exopolysaccharide-based porous structures. Among these drying processes, supercritical carbon dioxide-assisted drying is the most promising strategy to obtain dried gels to use in the biomedical field: it produces highly porous and lightweight devices with outstanding surface areas and regular microstructure and nanostructure (i.e., aerogels). As a result of the analysis carried out in the present work, it emerged that supercritical technologies should be further explored and applied to the production of exopolysaccharide-based nanostructured scaffolds. Moving research towards this direction, exopolysaccharide utilization could be intensified and extended to the production of high added-value devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucia Baldino
- Departement of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (A.Z.); (E.R.)
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Budai L, Budai M, Fülöpné Pápay ZE, Szalkai P, Niczinger NA, Kijima S, Sugibayashi K, Antal I, Kállai-Szabó N. Viscoelasticity of Liposomal Dispersions. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2340. [PMID: 37630925 PMCID: PMC10459094 DOI: 10.3390/nano13162340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Janus-faced viscoelastic gelling agents-possessing both elastic and viscous characteristics-provide materials with unique features including strengthening ability under stress and a liquid-like character with lower viscosities under relaxed conditions. The mentioned multifunctional character is manifested in several body fluids such as human tears, synovial liquids, skin tissues and mucins, endowing the fluids with a special physical resistance property that can be analyzed by dynamic oscillatory rheology. Therefore, during the development of pharmaceutical or cosmetical formulations-with the intention of mimicking the physiological conditions-rheological studies on viscoelasticity are strongly recommended and the selection of viscoelastic preparations is highlighted. In our study, we aimed to determine the viscoelasticity of various liposomal dispersions. We intended to evaluate the impact of lipid concentration, the presence of cholesterol or 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC) and the gelling agents polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) on the viscoelasticity of vesicular systems. Furthermore, the effect of two model drugs (phenyl salicylate and caffeine) on the viscoelastic behavior of liposomal systems was studied. Based on our measurements, the oscillation rheological properties of the liposomal formulations were influenced both by the composition and the lamellarity/size of the lipid vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Budai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes Str. 7, 1092 Budapest, Hungary; (L.B.); (M.B.); (Z.E.F.P.); (P.S.); (N.A.N.)
| | - Marianna Budai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes Str. 7, 1092 Budapest, Hungary; (L.B.); (M.B.); (Z.E.F.P.); (P.S.); (N.A.N.)
| | - Zsófia Edit Fülöpné Pápay
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes Str. 7, 1092 Budapest, Hungary; (L.B.); (M.B.); (Z.E.F.P.); (P.S.); (N.A.N.)
| | - Petra Szalkai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes Str. 7, 1092 Budapest, Hungary; (L.B.); (M.B.); (Z.E.F.P.); (P.S.); (N.A.N.)
| | - Noémi Anna Niczinger
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes Str. 7, 1092 Budapest, Hungary; (L.B.); (M.B.); (Z.E.F.P.); (P.S.); (N.A.N.)
| | - Shosho Kijima
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado 350-0295, Saitama, Japan; (S.K.); (K.S.)
| | - Kenji Sugibayashi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado 350-0295, Saitama, Japan; (S.K.); (K.S.)
| | - István Antal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes Str. 7, 1092 Budapest, Hungary; (L.B.); (M.B.); (Z.E.F.P.); (P.S.); (N.A.N.)
| | - Nikolett Kállai-Szabó
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes Str. 7, 1092 Budapest, Hungary; (L.B.); (M.B.); (Z.E.F.P.); (P.S.); (N.A.N.)
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12
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Fazal T, Murtaza BN, Shah M, Iqbal S, Rehman MU, Jaber F, Dera AA, Awwad NS, Ibrahium HA. Recent developments in natural biopolymer based drug delivery systems. RSC Adv 2023; 13:23087-23121. [PMID: 37529365 PMCID: PMC10388836 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03369d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted delivery of drug molecules to diseased sites is a great challenge in pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences. Fabrication of drug delivery systems (DDS) to target and/or diagnose sick cells is an effective means to achieve good therapeutic results along with a minimal toxicological impact on healthy cells. Biopolymers are becoming an important class of materials owing to their biodegradability, good compatibility, non-toxicity, non-immunogenicity, and long blood circulation time and high drug loading ratio for both macros as well as micro-sized drug molecules. This review summarizes the recent trends in biopolymer-based DDS, forecasting their broad future clinical applications. Cellulose chitosan, starch, silk fibroins, collagen, albumin, gelatin, alginate, agar, proteins and peptides have shown potential applications in DDS. A range of synthetic techniques have been reported to design the DDS and are discussed in the current study which is being successfully employed in ocular, dental, transdermal and intranasal delivery systems. Different formulations of DDS are also overviewed in this review article along with synthesis techniques employed for designing the DDS. The possibility of these biopolymer applications points to a new route for creating unique DDS with enhanced therapeutic qualities for scaling up creative formulations up to the clinical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanzeela Fazal
- Department of Chemistry, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology Pakistan
| | - Bibi Nazia Murtaza
- Department of Zoology, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology Pakistan
| | - Mazloom Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Grand Asian University Sialkot Pakistan
| | - Shahid Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences (SNS), National University of Science and Technology (NUST) H-12 Islamabad 46000 Pakistan
| | - Mujaddad-Ur Rehman
- Department of Microbiology, Abbottabad University of Science & Technology Pakistan
| | - Fadi Jaber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ajman University Ajman UAE
- Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University Ajman UAE
| | - Ayed A Dera
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University Abha Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser S Awwad
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University P.O. Box 9004 Abha 61413 Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala A Ibrahium
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University P.O. Box 9004 Abha 61413 Saudi Arabia
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13
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Park S, Kim SI, Choi JH, Kim SE, Choe SH, Son Y, Kang TW, Song JE, Khang G. Evaluation of Silk Fibroin/Gellan Gum Hydrogels with Controlled Molecular Weight through Silk Fibroin Hydrolysis for Tissue Engineering Application. Molecules 2023; 28:5222. [PMID: 37446884 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogel is a versatile material that can be manipulated to achieve the desired physicochemical properties, such as stiffness, pore size, and viscoelasticity. Traditionally, these properties have been controlled through parameters such as concentration and pH adjustments. In this study, we focused on exploring the potential of hydrolyzed silk fibroin (HSF) as a molecular weight-modulating agent to control the physicochemical properties of double-composite hydrogels. We developed a synergistic dual-crosslinked hydrogel by combining ionically crosslinked silk fibroin with gellan gum (GG). The hydrolysis of silk fibroin not only enhanced its hydrophilicity but also enabled adjustments in its mechanical properties, including the pore size, initial modulus elasticity, and relaxation time. Moreover, biocompatibility assessments based on cell viability tests confirmed the potential of these hydrogels as biocompatible materials. By highlighting the significance of developing an HSF/GG dual-crosslinked hydrogel, this study contributes to the advancement of novel double-composite hydrogels with remarkable biocompatibility. Overall, our findings demonstrate the capability of controlling the mechanical properties of hydrogels through molecular weight modulation via hydrolysis and highlight the development of a biocompatible HSF/GG dual-crosslinked hydrogel with potential biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunjae Park
- Department of PolymerNano Science & Technology and Polymer Materials Fusion Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54896, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-In Kim
- Department of PolymerNano Science & Technology and Polymer Materials Fusion Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54896, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Hee Choi
- Department of PolymerNano Science & Technology and Polymer Materials Fusion Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54896, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Eun Kim
- Department of PolymerNano Science & Technology and Polymer Materials Fusion Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54896, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ho Choe
- Department of PolymerNano Science & Technology and Polymer Materials Fusion Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54896, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjun Son
- Department of PolymerNano Science & Technology and Polymer Materials Fusion Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54896, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Woong Kang
- Department of PolymerNano Science & Technology and Polymer Materials Fusion Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54896, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Song
- Department of PolymerNano Science & Technology and Polymer Materials Fusion Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54896, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Gilson Khang
- Department of PolymerNano Science & Technology and Polymer Materials Fusion Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54896, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bionanotechnology and Bio-Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 54896, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
- Department of Orthopaedic & Traumatology, Airlangga University, Jl. Airlangga No. 4-6, Airlangga, Kec. Gubeng, Kota SBY, Surabaya 60115, Jawa Timur, Indonesia
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14
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Loureiro J, Miguel SP, Galván-Chacón V, Patrocinio D, Pagador JB, Sánchez-Margallo FM, Ribeiro MP, Coutinho P. Three-Dimensionally Printed Hydrogel Cardiac Patch for Infarct Regeneration Based on Natural Polysaccharides. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2824. [PMID: 37447470 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is one of the more common cardiovascular diseases, and remains the leading cause of death, globally. Hydrogels (namely, those using natural polymers) provide a reliable tool for regenerative medicine and have become a promising option for cardiac tissue regeneration due to their hydrophilic character and their structural similarity to the extracellular matrix. Herein, a functional ink based on the natural polysaccharides Gellan gum and Konjac glucomannan has, for the first time, been applied in the production of a 3D printed hydrogel with therapeutic potential, with the goal of being locally implanted in the infarcted area of the heart. Overall, results revealed the excellent printability of the bioink for the development of a stable, porous, biocompatible, and bioactive 3D hydrogel, combining the specific advantages of Gellan gum and Konjac glucomannan with proper mechanical properties, which supports the simplification of the implantation process. In addition, the structure have positive effects on endothelial cells' proliferation and migration that can promote the repair of injured cardiac tissue. The results presented will pave the way for simple, low-cost, and efficient cardiac tissue regeneration using a 3D printed hydrogel cardiac patch with potential for clinical application for myocardial infarction treatment in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Loureiro
- CPIRN-IPG-Center of Potential and Innovation of Natural Resources, Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
| | - Sónia P Miguel
- CPIRN-IPG-Center of Potential and Innovation of Natural Resources, Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | | | - David Patrocinio
- Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, 10071 Cáceres, Spain
| | - José Blas Pagador
- Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, 10071 Cáceres, Spain
- TERAV/ISCIII-Red Española de Terapias Avanzadas, 10071 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Francisco M Sánchez-Margallo
- Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, 10071 Cáceres, Spain
- TERAV/ISCIII-Red Española de Terapias Avanzadas, 10071 Cáceres, Spain
- CIBER CV-Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maximiano P Ribeiro
- CPIRN-IPG-Center of Potential and Innovation of Natural Resources, Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Paula Coutinho
- CPIRN-IPG-Center of Potential and Innovation of Natural Resources, Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
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Xie A, Zhao S, Liu Z, Yue X, Shao J, Li M, Li Z. Polysaccharides, proteins, and their complex as microencapsulation carriers for delivery of probiotics: A review on carrier types and encapsulation techniques. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124784. [PMID: 37172705 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics provide several benefits for humans, including restoring the balance of gut bacteria, boosting the immune system, and aiding in the management of certain conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome and lactose intolerance. However, the viability of probiotics may undergo a significant reduction during food storage and gastrointestinal transit, potentially hindering the realization of their health benefits. Microencapsulation techniques have been recognized as an effective way to improve the stability of probiotics during processing and storage and allow for their localization and slow release in intestine. Although, numerous techniques have been employed for the encapsulation of probiotics, the encapsulation techniques itself and carrier types are the main factors affecting the encapsulate effect. This work summarizes the applications of commonly used polysaccharides (alginate, starch, and chitosan), proteins (whey protein isolate, soy protein isolate, and zein) and its complex as the probiotics encapsulation materials; evaluates the evolutions in microencapsulation technologies and coating materials for probiotics, discusses their benefits and limitations, and provides directions for future research to improve targeted release of beneficial additives as well as microencapsulation techniques. This study provides a comprehensive reference for current knowledge pertaining to microencapsulation in probiotics processing and suggestions for best practices gleaned from the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijun Xie
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Shanshan Zhao
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Zifei Liu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 117542, Singapore
| | - Xiqing Yue
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Junhua Shao
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Mohan Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 117542, Singapore.
| | - Zhiwei Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation Technology, Changzhou University, 213164, Jiangsu, China.
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16
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Lupu A, Gradinaru LM, Gradinaru VR, Bercea M. Diversity of Bioinspired Hydrogels: From Structure to Applications. Gels 2023; 9:gels9050376. [PMID: 37232968 DOI: 10.3390/gels9050376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels are three-dimensional networks with a variety of structures and functions that have a remarkable ability to absorb huge amounts of water or biological fluids. They can incorporate active compounds and release them in a controlled manner. Hydrogels can also be designed to be sensitive to external stimuli: temperature, pH, ionic strength, electrical or magnetic stimuli, specific molecules, etc. Alternative methods for the development of various hydrogels have been outlined in the literature over time. Some hydrogels are toxic and therefore are avoided when obtaining biomaterials, pharmaceuticals, or therapeutic products. Nature is a permanent source of inspiration for new structures and new functionalities of more and more competitive materials. Natural compounds present a series of physico-chemical and biological characteristics suitable for biomaterials, such as biocompatibility, antimicrobial properties, biodegradability, and nontoxicity. Thus, they can generate microenvironments comparable to the intracellular or extracellular matrices in the human body. This paper discusses the main advantages of the presence of biomolecules (polysaccharides, proteins, and polypeptides) in hydrogels. Structural aspects induced by natural compounds and their specific properties are emphasized. The most suitable applications will be highlighted, including drug delivery, self-healing materials for regenerative medicine, cell culture, wound dressings, 3D bioprinting, foods, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Lupu
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41-A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Luiza Madalina Gradinaru
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41-A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Vasile Robert Gradinaru
- Faculty of Chemistry, "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University, 11 Carol I Bd., 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Maria Bercea
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41-A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
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17
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Mendes AI, Fraga AG, Peixoto MJ, Aroso I, Longatto‐Filho A, Marques AP, Pedrosa J. Gellan gum spongy-like hydrogel-based dual antibiotic therapy for infected diabetic wounds. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10504. [PMID: 37206216 PMCID: PMC10189450 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic foot infection (DFI) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Antibiotics are fundamental for treating DFI, although bacterial biofilm formation and associated pathophysiology can reduce their effectiveness. Additionally, antibiotics are often associated with adverse reactions. Hence, improved antibiotic therapies are required for safer and effective DFI management. On this regard, drug delivery systems (DDSs) constitute a promising strategy. We propose a gellan gum (GG)-based spongy-like hydrogel as a topical and controlled DDS of vancomycin and clindamycin, for an improved dual antibiotic therapy against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in DFI. The developed DDS presents suitable features for topical application, while promoting the controlled release of both antibiotics, resulting in a significant reduction of in vitro antibiotic-associated cytotoxicity without compromising antibacterial activity. The therapeutic potential of this DDS was further corroborated in vivo, in a diabetic mouse model of MRSA-infected wounds. A single DDS administration allowed a significant bacterial burden reduction in a short period of time, without exacerbating host inflammatory response. Taken together, these results suggest that the proposed DDS represents a promising strategy for the topical treatment of DFI, potentially overcoming limitations associated with systemic antibiotic administration and minimizing the frequency of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel Mendes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)School of MedicineUniversity of MinhoBragaPortugal
- ICVS/3B's–PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/GuimarãesPortugal
| | - Alexandra Gabriel Fraga
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)School of MedicineUniversity of MinhoBragaPortugal
- ICVS/3B's–PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/GuimarãesPortugal
| | - Maria João Peixoto
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)School of MedicineUniversity of MinhoBragaPortugal
- ICVS/3B's–PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/GuimarãesPortugal
| | - Ivo Aroso
- ICVS/3B's–PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/GuimarãesPortugal
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and BiomimeticsHeadquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineUniversity of MinhoGuimarãesPortugal
| | - Adhemar Longatto‐Filho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)School of MedicineUniversity of MinhoBragaPortugal
- ICVS/3B's–PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/GuimarãesPortugal
- Molecular Oncology Research CenterBarretos Cancer HospitalBarretosSão PauloBrazil
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM) 14Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Alexandra Pinto Marques
- ICVS/3B's–PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/GuimarãesPortugal
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and BiomimeticsHeadquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineUniversity of MinhoGuimarãesPortugal
| | - Jorge Pedrosa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)School of MedicineUniversity of MinhoBragaPortugal
- ICVS/3B's–PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/GuimarãesPortugal
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18
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Pérez-Caselles C, Burgos L, Sánchez-Balibrea I, Egea JA, Faize L, Martín-Valmaseda M, Bogdanchikova N, Pestryakov A, Alburquerque N. The Effect of Silver Nanoparticle Addition on Micropropagation of Apricot Cultivars ( Prunus armeniaca L.) in Semisolid and Liquid Media. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1547. [PMID: 37050173 PMCID: PMC10097347 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are novel compounds used as antimicrobial and antiviral agents. In addition, AgNPs have been used to improve the growth of different plants, as well as the in vitro multiplication of plant material. In this work the effect of AgNPs on in vitro growth of 'Canino' and 'Mirlo Rojo' cultivars, as well as the leaf ion composition, are studied. Different concentrations of AgNPs (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg L-1) were added to two culture systems: semisolid medium with agar (SSM) in jars and liquid medium in temporary immersion system (TIS). Proliferation (number of shoots), shoot length, productivity (number of shoot × average length), leaf surface, fresh and dry weight were measured. Additionally, the silver and other ion accumulation in the leaves were evaluated by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) analysis. The productivity of 'Canino' and 'Mirlo Rojo' decreased when increasing the concentration of AgNPs in the semisolid medium. However, the use of AgNPs in the TIS improved the proliferation and productivity of 'Canino' and Mirlo Rojo', increasing biomass production, and the concentration of nutrients in the plants, although these effects are genotype-dependent. TISs are the best system for introducing silver into shoots, the optimum concentration being 50 mg L-1 for 'Canino' and 75 mg L-1 for 'Mirlo Rojo'. Principal component analysis, considering all the analyzed ions along the treatments, separates samples in two clear groups related to the culture system used. The use of bioreactors with a liquid medium has improved the productivity of 'Canino' and 'Mirlo Rojo' in the proliferation stage, avoiding hyperhydration and other disorders. The amount of metallic silver that penetrates apricot plant tissues depends on the culture system, cultivar and concentration of AgNPs added to the culture medium. Silver ion accumulation measured in the shoots grown in the TIS was higher than in shoots micropropagated in a semisolid medium, where it is barely detectable. Furthermore, AgNPs had a beneficial effect on plants grown in TIS. However, AgNPs had a detrimental effect when added to a semisolid medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Pérez-Caselles
- Fruit Biotechnology Group, Department of Plant Breeding, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Edif. 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (C.P.-C.); (L.B.); (I.S.-B.); (L.F.); (M.M.-V.)
| | - Lorenzo Burgos
- Fruit Biotechnology Group, Department of Plant Breeding, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Edif. 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (C.P.-C.); (L.B.); (I.S.-B.); (L.F.); (M.M.-V.)
| | - Inmaculada Sánchez-Balibrea
- Fruit Biotechnology Group, Department of Plant Breeding, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Edif. 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (C.P.-C.); (L.B.); (I.S.-B.); (L.F.); (M.M.-V.)
| | - Jose A. Egea
- Fruit Breeding Group, Department of Plant Breeding, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Edif. 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Lydia Faize
- Fruit Biotechnology Group, Department of Plant Breeding, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Edif. 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (C.P.-C.); (L.B.); (I.S.-B.); (L.F.); (M.M.-V.)
| | - Marina Martín-Valmaseda
- Fruit Biotechnology Group, Department of Plant Breeding, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Edif. 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (C.P.-C.); (L.B.); (I.S.-B.); (L.F.); (M.M.-V.)
| | - Nina Bogdanchikova
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CNyN), Campus Ensenada, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Alexey Pestryakov
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia;
| | - Nuria Alburquerque
- Fruit Biotechnology Group, Department of Plant Breeding, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Edif. 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (C.P.-C.); (L.B.); (I.S.-B.); (L.F.); (M.M.-V.)
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Annaka M. Anion specific conformational change in aqueous gellan gum solutions. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 305:120437. [PMID: 36737176 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
127I NMR is applied to investigate the motional state and the selective interaction of I- ions in tetramethylammonium form of gellan gum (TMA gellan), together with monitoring the conformational change by the optical rotation measurement. The experimental results indicate that I- ion promotes the conformational transition, and there exists the preferential affinity of I- ion for the ordered conformation of TMA gellan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Annaka
- Department of Chemistry, Kyushu University Fukuoka, Fukuoka 8190395, Japan; Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University Fukuoka, Fukuoka 8190395, Japan.
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20
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Lu Y, Xu X, Li J. Recent advances in adhesive materials used in the biomedical field: adhesive properties, mechanism, and applications. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:3338-3355. [PMID: 36987937 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00251a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Adhesive materials are natural or synthetic polymers with the ability to adhere to the surface of luminal mucus or epithelial cells. They are widely used in the biomedical field due to their unique adhesion, biocompatibility, and excellent surface properties. When used in the human body, they can adhere to an accessible target and remain at the focal site for a longer period, improving the therapeutic effect on local disease. An adhesive material with bacteriostatic properties can play an antibacterial role at the focal site and the adhesive properties of the material can prevent the focal site from being infected by bacteria for a period. In addition, some adhesive materials can promote cell growth and tissue repair. In this review, the properties and mechanism of natural adhesive materials, organic adhesive materials, composite adhesive materials, and underwater adhesive materials have been introduced systematically. The applications of these adhesive materials in drug delivery, antibacterials, tissue repair, and other applications are described in detail. Finally, we have discussed the prospects and challenges of using adhesive materials in the field of biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Lu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China.
| | - Xinyuan Xu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China.
| | - Jianshu Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
- Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
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21
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Trombino S, Sole R, Di Gioia ML, Procopio D, Curcio F, Cassano R. Green Chemistry Principles for Nano- and Micro-Sized Hydrogel Synthesis. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052107. [PMID: 36903352 PMCID: PMC10004334 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing demand for drug carriers and green-technology-based tissue engineering materials has enabled the fabrication of different types of micro- and nano-assemblies. Hydrogels are a type of material that have been extensively investigated in recent decades. Their physical and chemical properties, such as hydrophilicity, resemblance to living systems, swelling ability and modifiability, make them suitable to be exploited for many pharmaceutical and bioengineering applications. This review deals with a brief account of green-manufactured hydrogels, their characteristics, preparations, importance in the field of green biomedical technology and their future perspectives. Only hydrogels based on biopolymers, and primarily on polysaccharides, are considered. Particular attention is given to the processes of extracting such biopolymers from natural sources and the various emerging problems for their processing, such as solubility. Hydrogels are catalogued according to the main biopolymer on which they are based and, for each type, the chemical reactions and the processes that enable their assembly are identified. The economic and environmental sustainability of these processes are commented on. The possibility of large-scale processing in the production of the investigated hydrogels are framed in the context of an economy aimed at waste reduction and resource recycling.
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22
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D’Amora U, Ronca A, Scialla S, Soriente A, Manini P, Phua JW, Ottenheim C, Pezzella A, Calabrese G, Raucci MG, Ambrosio L. Bioactive Composite Methacrylated Gellan Gum for 3D-Printed Bone Tissue-Engineered Scaffolds. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:772. [PMID: 36839140 PMCID: PMC9963483 DOI: 10.3390/nano13040772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Gellan gum (GG) was chemically modified with methacrylic moieties to produce a photocrosslinkable biomaterial ink, hereinafter called methacrylated GG (GGMA), with improved physico-chemical properties, mechanical behavior and stability under physiological conditions. Afterwards, GGMA was functionalized by incorporating two different bioactive compounds, a naturally derived eumelanin extracted from the black soldier fly (BSF-Eumel), or hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAp), synthesized by the sol-gel method. Different ink formulations based on GGMA (2 and 4% (w/v)), BSF-Eumel, at a selected concentration (0.3125 mg/mL), or HAp (10 and 30% wHAp/wGGMA) were developed and processed by three-dimensional (3D) printing. All the functionalized GGMA-based ink formulations allowed obtaining 3D-printed GGMA-based scaffolds with a well-organized structure. For both bioactive signals, the scaffolds with the highest GGMA concentration (4% (w/v)) and the highest percentage of infill (45%) showed the best performances in terms of morphological and mechanical properties. Indeed, these scaffolds showed a good structural integrity over 28 days. Given the presence of negatively charged groups along the eumelanin backbone, scaffolds consisting of GGMA/BSF-Eumel demonstrated a higher stability. From a mechanical point of view, GGMA/BSF-Eumel scaffolds exhibited values of storage modulus similar to those of GGMA ones, while the inclusion of HAp at 30% (wHAp/wGGMA) led to a storage modulus of 32.5 kPa, 3.5-fold greater than neat GGMA. In vitro studies proved the capability of the bioactivated 3D-printed scaffolds to support 7F2 osteoblast cell growth and differentiation. BSF-Eumel and HAp triggered a different time-dependent physiological response in the osteoblasts. Specifically, while the ink with BSF-Eumel acted as a stimulus towards cell proliferation, reaching the highest value at 14 days, a higher expression of alkaline phosphatase activity was detected for scaffolds consisting of GGMA and HAp. The overall findings demonstrated the possible use of these biomaterial inks for 3D-printed bone tissue-engineered scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo D’Amora
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Ronca
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Scialla
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Soriente
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Manini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
- Bioelectronics Task Force, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Jun Wei Phua
- Insectta, 60 Jalan Penjara, Singapore 149375, Singapore
| | | | - Alessandro Pezzella
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council, 80125 Naples, Italy
- Bioelectronics Task Force, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
- Department of Physics “E. Pancini”, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Calabrese
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Raucci
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council, 80125 Naples, Italy
- Bioelectronics Task Force, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Ambrosio
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council, 80125 Naples, Italy
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23
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A novel starch-based microparticle with polyelectrolyte complexes and its slow digestion mechanism. Food Hydrocoll 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.108205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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24
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Current Status of Polysaccharides-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Nervous Tissue Injuries Repair. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020400. [PMID: 36839722 PMCID: PMC9966335 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders affecting both CNS and PNS still represent one of the most critical and challenging pathologies, therefore many researchers have been focusing on this field in recent decades. Spinal cord injury (SCI) and peripheral nerve injury (PNI) are severely disabling diseases leading to dramatic and, in most cases, irreversible sensory, motor, and autonomic impairments. The challenging pathophysiologic consequences involved in SCI and PNI are demanding the development of more effective therapeutic strategies since, as yet, a therapeutic strategy that can effectively lead to a complete recovery from such pathologies is not available. Drug delivery systems (DDSs) based on polysaccharides have been receiving more and more attention for a wide range of applications, due to their outstanding physical-chemical properties. This review aims at providing an overview of the most studied polysaccharides used for the development of DDSs intended for the repair and regeneration of a damaged nervous system, with particular attention to spinal cord and peripheral nerve injury treatments. In particular, DDSs based on chitosan and their association with alginate, dextran, agarose, cellulose, and gellan were thoroughly revised.
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25
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Gering C, Párraga J, Vuorenpää H, Botero L, Miettinen S, Kellomäki M. Bioactivated gellan gum hydrogels affect cellular rearrangement and cell response in vascular co-culture and subcutaneous implant models. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 143:213185. [PMID: 36371972 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels are suitable soft tissue mimics and capable of creating pre-vascularized tissues, that are useful for in vitro tissue engineering and in vivo regenerative medicine. The polysaccharide gellan gum (GG) offers an intriguing matrix material but requires bioactivation in order to support cell attachment and transfer of biomechanical cues. Here, four versatile modifications were investigated: Purified NaGG; avidin-modified NaGG combined with biotinylated fibronectin (NaGG-avd); oxidized GG (GGox) covalently modified with carbohydrazide-modified gelatin (gelaCDH) or adipic hydrazide-modified gelatin (gelaADH). All materials were subjected to rheological analysis to assess their viscoelastic properties, using a time sweep for gelation analysis, and subsequent amplitude sweep of the formed hydrogels. The sweeps show that NaGG and NaGG-avd are rather brittle, while gelatin-based hydrogels are more elastic. The degradation of preformed hydrogels in cell culture medium was analyzed with an amplitude sweep and show that gelatin-containing hydrogels degrade more dramatically. A co-culture of GFP-tagged HUVEC and hASC was performed to induce vascular network formation in 3D for up to 14 days. Immunofluorescence staining of the αSMA+ network showed increased cell response to gelatin-GG networks, while the NaGG-based hydrogels did not allow for the elongation of cells. Preformed, 3D hydrogels disks were implanted to subcutaneous rat skin pockets to evaluate biological in vivo response. As visible from the hematoxylin and eosin-stained tissue slices, all materials are biocompatible, however gelatin-GG hydrogels produced a stronger host response. This work indicates, that besides the biochemical cues added to the GG hydrogels, also their viscoelasticity greatly influences the biological response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Gering
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Jenny Párraga
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Hanna Vuorenpää
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Research, Development and Innovation Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Lucía Botero
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Susanna Miettinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Research, Development and Innovation Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Minna Kellomäki
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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26
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Srivastava N, Choudhury AR. Microbial Polysaccharide-Based Nanoformulations for Nutraceutical Delivery. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:40724-40739. [PMID: 36406482 PMCID: PMC9670277 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent times, nutrition and diet have become prominent health paradigms due to sedentary lifestyle disorders. Preventive health care strategies are becoming increasingly popular instead of treating and managing diseases. A nutraceutical is an innovative concept that offers additional health benefits beyond its fundamental nutritional value. These nutraceuticals have the potential to reduce the exorbitant use of synthetic drugs because the modern medicine approach of treating diseases with high-tech, expensive supplements, and long-term consequences aggravates consumers. However, most nutraceuticals are plant-derived, making them susceptible to degradation and prone to chemical instability, poor solubility, unpleasant taste, and bioactivity loss before absorption to the targeted site. To counteract this problem, the bioavailability of these labile compounds can be maximized by encapsulating them in protective nanocarriers. It is crucial that nanoencapsulation technologies convert bioactive compounds into forms that can be easily combined with functional foods and beverages without adversely affecting their organoleptic properties. In recent years, nanoformulations using food-grade materials, such as polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, etc., have received considerable attention. Among them, microbial polysaccharides are biocompatible, nontoxic, and nonimmunogenic, and most of them are US-FDA approved and can undergo tailored modifications. The nanoformulation of microbial polysaccharide is a relatively new frontier which has several advantages over existing systems. The present article, for the first time, comprehensively reviews microbial polysaccharides-based nanodelivery systems for nutraceuticals and discusses various techno-commercial aspects of these nanotechnological preparations. Moreover, this has also attempted to draw a future research perspective in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandita Srivastava
- Biochemical
Engineering Research & Process Development Centre (BERPDC), Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Council
of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39A, Chandigarh 160036, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Anirban Roy Choudhury
- Biochemical
Engineering Research & Process Development Centre (BERPDC), Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Council
of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39A, Chandigarh 160036, India
- Tel: +91 1722880312. E-mail:
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27
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Henrique Marcondes Sari M, Mota Ferreira L, Cruz L. The use of natural gums to produce nano-based hydrogels and films for topical application. Int J Pharm 2022; 626:122166. [PMID: 36075522 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Natural gums are a source of biopolymeric materials with a wide range of applications for multiple purposes. These polysaccharides are extensively explored due to their low toxicity, gelling and thickening properties, and bioadhesive potential, which have sparked interest in researchers given their use in producing pharmaceutic dosage forms compared to synthetic agents. Hence, gums can be used as gelling and film-forming agents, which are suitable platforms for topical drug administration. Additionally, recent studies have demonstrated the possibility of obtaining nanocomposite materials formed by a polymeric matrix of gums associated with nanoscale carriers that have shown superior drug delivery performance and compatibility with multiple administration routes compared to starting components. In this sense, research on topical natural gum-based form preparation containing drug-loaded nanocarriers was detailed and discussed herein. A special focus was devoted to the advantages achieved regarding physicochemical and mechanical features, drug delivery capacity, permeability through topical barriers, and biocompatibility of the hydrogels and polymeric films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Henrique Marcondes Sari
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Letícia Cruz
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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28
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Gellan Gum in Wound Dressing Scaffolds. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194098. [PMID: 36236046 PMCID: PMC9573731 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Several factors, such as bacterial infections, underlying conditions, malnutrition, obesity, ageing, and smoking are the most common issues that cause a delayed process of wound healing. Developing wound dressings that promote an accelerated wound healing process and skin regeneration is crucial. The properties of wound dressings that make them suitable for the acceleration of the wound healing process include good antibacterial efficacy, excellent biocompatibility, and non-toxicity, the ability to provide a moist environment, stimulating cell migration and adhesion, and providing gaseous permeation. Biopolymers have demonstrated features appropriate for the development of effective wound dressing scaffolds. Gellan gum is one of the biopolymers that has attracted great attention in biomedical applications. The wound dressing materials fabricated from gellan gum possess outstanding properties when compared to traditional dressings, such as good biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, renewability, and stable nature. This biopolymer has been broadly employed for the development of wound dressing scaffolds in different forms. This review discusses the physicochemical and biological properties of gellan gum-based scaffolds in the management of wounds.
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29
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Priya S, Batra U, R N S, Sharma S, Chaurasiya A, Singhvi G. Polysaccharide-based nanofibers for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 218:209-224. [PMID: 35872310 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Nanofibers are fibrous nanocarriers that can be synthesized from natural polymers, synthetic polymers, semiconducting materials, composite materials, and carbon-based materials. Recently, natural polysaccharides-based nanofibers are gaining attention in the field of pharmaceuticals and biomedical as these are biocompatible, biodegradable, non-toxic, and economic. Nanofibers can deliver a significant amount of drug to the targeted site and provide effective interaction of therapeutic agent at the site of action due to a larger surface area. Other important advantages of nanofibers are low density, high porosity, small pore size, high mechanical strength, and low cost. In this review, natural polysaccharides such as alginate, pullulan, hyaluronic acid, dextran, cellulose, chondroitin sulfate, chitosan, xanthan gum, and gellan gum are discussed for their characteristics, pharmaceutical utility, and biomedical applications. The authors have given particular emphasis to the several fabrication processes that utilize these polysaccharides to form nanofibers, and their recent updates in pharmaceutical applications such as drug delivery, tissue engineering, skin disorders, wound-healing dressings, cancer therapy, bioactive molecules delivery, anti-infectives, and solubility enhancement. Despite these many advantages, nanofibers have been explored less for their scale-up and applications in advanced therapeutic delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Priya
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) - Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Unnati Batra
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) - Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Samshritha R N
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) - Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Sudhanshu Sharma
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) - Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Akash Chaurasiya
- Translational Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) - Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Telangana 500078, India
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) - Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India.
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30
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Gellan Gum Is a Suitable Biomaterial for Manual and Bioprinted Setup of Long-Term Stable, Functional 3D-Adipose Tissue Models. Gels 2022; 8:gels8070420. [PMID: 35877505 PMCID: PMC9315477 DOI: 10.3390/gels8070420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its wide-ranging endocrine functions, adipose tissue influences the whole body’s metabolism. Engineering long-term stable and functional human adipose tissue is still challenging due to the limited availability of suitable biomaterials and adequate cell maturation. We used gellan gum (GG) to create manual and bioprinted adipose tissue models because of its similarities to the native extracellular matrix and its easily tunable properties. Gellan gum itself was neither toxic nor monocyte activating. The resulting hydrogels exhibited suitable viscoelastic properties for soft tissues and were stable for 98 days in vitro. Encapsulated human primary adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) were adipogenically differentiated for 14 days and matured for an additional 84 days. Live-dead staining showed that encapsulated cells stayed viable until day 98, while intracellular lipid staining showed an increase over time and a differentiation rate of 76% between days 28 and 56. After 4 weeks of culture, adipocytes had a univacuolar morphology, expressed perilipin A, and secreted up to 73% more leptin. After bioprinting establishment, we demonstrated that the cells in printed hydrogels had high cell viability and exhibited an adipogenic phenotype and function. In summary, GG-based adipose tissue models show long-term stability and allow ASCs maturation into functional, univacuolar adipocytes.
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31
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Mendes AI, Rebelo R, Aroso I, Correlo VM, Fraga AG, Pedrosa J, Marques AP. Development of an antibiotics delivery system for topical treatment of the neglected tropical disease Buruli ulcer. Int J Pharm 2022; 623:121954. [PMID: 35760261 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Skin infection by Mycobacterium ulcerans causes Buruli ulcer (BU) disease, a serious condition that significantly impact patient' health and quality of life and can be very difficult to treat. Treatment of BU is based on daily systemic administration of antibiotics for at least 8 weeks and presents drawbacks associated with the mode and duration of drug administration and potential side effects. Thus, new therapeutic strategies are needed to improve the efficacy and modality of BU therapeutics, resulting in a more convenient and safer antibiotic regimen. Hence, we developed a dual delivery system based on poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) microparticles and a gellan gum (GG) hydrogel for delivery of rifampicin (RIF) and streptomycin (STR), two antibiotics used for BU treatment. RIF was successfully loaded into PHBV microparticles, with an encapsulation efficiency of 43%, that also revealed a mean size of 10 µm, spherical form and rough topography. These microparticles were further embedded in a GG hydrogel containing STR. The resultant hydrogel showed a porous microstructure that conferred a high water retention capability (superior to 2000%) and a controlled release of both antibiotics. Also, biological studies revealed antibacterial activity against M. ulcerans, and a good cytocompatibility in a fibroblast cell line. Thus, the proposed drug delivery system can constitute a potential topical approach for treatment of skin ulcers caused by BU disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Mendes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rita Rebelo
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ivo Aroso
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Vitor M Correlo
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Alexandra G Fraga
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Jorge Pedrosa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Alexandra P Marques
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.
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32
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Bercea M. Bioinspired Hydrogels as Platforms for Life-Science Applications: Challenges and Opportunities. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122365. [PMID: 35745941 PMCID: PMC9229923 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels, as interconnected networks (polymer mesh; physically, chemically, or dynamic crosslinked networks) incorporating a high amount of water, present structural characteristics similar to soft natural tissue. They enable the diffusion of different molecules (ions, drugs, and grow factors) and have the ability to take over the action of external factors. Their nature provides a wide variety of raw materials and inspiration for functional soft matter obtained by complex mechanisms and hierarchical self-assembly. Over the last decade, many studies focused on developing innovative and high-performance materials, with new or improved functions, by mimicking biological structures at different length scales. Hydrogels with natural or synthetic origin can be engineered as bulk materials, micro- or nanoparticles, patches, membranes, supramolecular pathways, bio-inks, etc. The specific features of hydrogels make them suitable for a wide variety of applications, including tissue engineering scaffolds (repair/regeneration), wound healing, drug delivery carriers, bio-inks, soft robotics, sensors, actuators, catalysis, food safety, and hygiene products. This review is focused on recent advances in the field of bioinspired hydrogels that can serve as platforms for life-science applications. A brief outlook on the actual trends and future directions is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bercea
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania
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33
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Ahmadipour S, Varshosaz J, Hashemibeni B, Manshaei M, Safaeian L. In vivo assessment of bone repair by an injectable nanocomposite scaffold for local co-delivery of autologous platelet-rich plasma and calcitonin in rat model. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2022; 48:98-108. [PMID: 35659167 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2022.2087080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Background: Gellan gum is obtained from the bacterium Sphingomonas elodea and is a polysaccharide with carboxylic acid functional groups. The goal of this project was to investigate the osteoinductive effect of local administration of calcitonin through an injectable scaffold of gellan gum containing salmon calcitonin loaded in silsesquioxane nanoparticles, hydroxyapatite, and platelets rich plasma.Methods: The femur of rats was defected by creating a 2 × 5 mm2 hole using an electric drill. The defect was filled with an injectable hydrogel scaffold composed of gellan gum enriched with salmon calcitonin loaded in silsesquioxane nanoparticles, hydroxyapatite, platelets rich plasma and then the radiologic images were taken. Bone densitometry and the histologic studies were carried out by Hematoxylin & Eosin test. Biochemical analysis was done to measure the serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), calcium, calcitonin concentration.Results: Healing of the bone defects and bone densitometry in the treated group by calcitonin-loaded scaffold was significantly higher (p < 0.05) and bone formation occupied 75% of the defect that was greater than other groups. Serum ALP and calcium levels in the scaffold-loaded calcitonin group were more than the other groups (p < 0.05). The osteogenic marker genes also increased significantly (p < 0.05) with free calcitonin and the scaffold.Conclusions: Gellan gum-based scaffold loaded with calcitonin may be considered a promising local treatment to progress bone formation in repairing of skeletal injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeedeh Ahmadipour
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Jaleh Varshosaz
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Batool Hashemibeni
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine; Torabinejad Dental Research Center, Dental School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maziar Manshaei
- Dental research center, Dental Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Leila Safaeian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Nanocomposite hydrogels of gellan gum and polypyrrole for electro-stimulated ibuprofen release application. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2022.105296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Xu L, Ye Q, Xie J, Yang J, Jiang W, Yuan H, Li J. An injectable gellan gum-based hydrogel that inhibits Staphylococcus aureus for infected bone defect repair. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:282-292. [PMID: 34908091 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02230j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of infected bone defects in complex anatomical structures, such as oral and maxillofacial structures, remains an intractable clinical challenge. Therefore, advanced biomaterials that have excellent anti-infection activity and allow convenient delivery are needed. We fabricated an innovative injectable gellan gum (GG)-based hydrogel loaded with nanohydroxyapatite particles and chlorhexidine (nHA/CHX). The hydrogel has a porous morphology, suitable swelling ratio, and good biocompatibility. It exerts strong antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus growth and biofilm formation in vitro. We successfully established an infected calvarial defect rat model. Bacterial colony numbers were significantly lower in tissues surrounding the bone in rats of the GG/nHA/CHX group after debride surgery and hydrogel implantation in the defect regions than in rats of the blank group. Rats in the GG/nHA/CHX group exhibited significantly increased new bone formation compared to those in the blank group at 4 and 8 weeks. These findings indicate that gellan gum-based hydrogel with nHA/CHX can accelerate the repair of infected bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laijun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Xiangya School of Stomatology, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Qing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Jing Xie
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jiaojiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Wentao Jiang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - He Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Jiyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Villarreal-Otalvaro C, Coburn JM. Fabrication Methods and Form Factors of Gellan Gum-Based Materials for Drug Delivery and Anti-Cancer Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021. [PMID: 34898174 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite the success of cancer therapeutics, off target cell toxicity prevails as one of the main challenges of cancer treatment. Exploration of drug delivery methods is a growing field of research, which involves a variety of materials and processing techniques. A natural polymer, gellan gum presents physicochemical properties that enable drug loading for sustained release in a broad range of environmental conditions and anatomical locations. Gellan gum is an anionic exopolysaccharide, produced via fermentation by Sphingomonas elodea, which gels in the presence of cations. Additionally, it is biocompatible and nontoxic. Multiple physical and chemical gelation processes have been reported for the use of gellan gum in drug delivery applications to produced varying form factors, including hydrogels, nanohydrogels, beads, films, or patches, with tunable mechanical and physicochemical properties. The resulting formulations have shown promising outcomes for drug delivery including improving drug bioavailability, drug solubility, and drug release over time, without compromising biocompatibility or the introduction of adverse effects. This review presents studies in which gellan gum has been processed to enable the delivery of antibiotics, antiallergens, anti-inflammatory, or antifungal molecules with a special focus on drugs for anticancer applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Villarreal-Otalvaro
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, United States
| | - Jeannine M Coburn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, United States
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Pereira DR, Silva-Correia J, Oliveira JM, Reis RL, Pandit A. Macromolecular modulation of a 3D hydrogel construct differentially regulates human stem cell tissue-to-tissue interface. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 133:112611. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Baawad A, Rice C, Hamil T, Murphy K, Park J, Kim DS. Molecular weight effects of low acyl gellan gum on antioxidant capacity and rheological properties. J Food Sci 2021; 86:4275-4287. [PMID: 34435362 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The current study investigated the antioxidant capacity of enzymatically cleaved low acyl gellan gum (LA-GAGR) fragments, named midi-GAGR (MWv : 1.2 × 105 Da) and mini-GAGR (MWv : 2.5 × 104 Da). Three different methods-hydroxide assay, superoxide assay, and DPPH assay-were used to measure the antioxidant capacity of the low acyl gellan gum fragments. Both mini-GAGR and midi-GAGR showed similar antioxidant capacities, 27.1% and 25.6%, respectively, for hydroxide radicals, whereas ascorbic acid showed 9.8%. For superoxide radicals, the fragments scavenged 41.7% (mini) and 35.6% (midi) of free radicals compared to 10.6% removal by ascorbic acid. Mini- and midi-GAGR displayed modest scavenging capabilities with DPPH radicals (8.5% and 6.6%, respectively) as compared to ascorbic acid (96.3%). Both midi- and mini-GAGR showed less gel-like behaviors than LA-GAGR. Midi-GAGR was observed to have a transition from liquid to gel at 63 rad/s. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The results in the manuscript are helpful when gellan gum and its derivatives are directly applied to food processing as a dietary fiber supplement or a stabilizer for functional beverages. The antioxidant capacity results can be used to promote the functionality of gellan gum as a food additive and for controlling cell adhesion and growth on gellan gum scaffolds. The rheology results will be useful for synthesis of scaffolds for bone tissue generation and facilitating clinical treatments when gellan gum is injected as an adsorbent or a filler for treating bone fractures. In the pharmaceutical industry, they are useful when controlling the therapeutic effects of drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Baawad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Clayton Rice
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Taijah Hamil
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Kelsey Murphy
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Joshua Park
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Dong-Shik Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA
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Bonferoni MC, Caramella C, Catenacci L, Conti B, Dorati R, Ferrari F, Genta I, Modena T, Perteghella S, Rossi S, Sandri G, Sorrenti M, Torre ML, Tripodo G. Biomaterials for Soft Tissue Repair and Regeneration: A Focus on Italian Research in the Field. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091341. [PMID: 34575417 PMCID: PMC8471088 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue repair and regeneration is an interdisciplinary field focusing on developing bioactive substitutes aimed at restoring pristine functions of damaged, diseased tissues. Biomaterials, intended as those materials compatible with living tissues after in vivo administration, play a pivotal role in this area and they have been successfully studied and developed for several years. Namely, the researches focus on improving bio-inert biomaterials that well integrate in living tissues with no or minimal tissue response, or bioactive materials that influence biological response, stimulating new tissue re-growth. This review aims to gather and introduce, in the context of Italian scientific community, cutting-edge advancements in biomaterial science applied to tissue repair and regeneration. After introducing tissue repair and regeneration, the review focuses on biodegradable and biocompatible biomaterials such as collagen, polysaccharides, silk proteins, polyesters and their derivatives, characterized by the most promising outputs in biomedical science. Attention is pointed out also to those biomaterials exerting peculiar activities, e.g., antibacterial. The regulatory frame applied to pre-clinical and early clinical studies is also outlined by distinguishing between Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products and Medical Devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bice Conti
- Correspondence: (M.C.B.); (B.C.); (F.F.)
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Lin X, Wu X, Chen X, Wang B, Xu W. Intellective and stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems in eyes. Int J Pharm 2021; 602:120591. [PMID: 33845152 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems have attracted widespread attention in recent years since they can control drug release in a spatiotemporal manner and can achieve tunable drug release according to patient's physiological or pathological condition. In this review, we briefly introduce the drug delivery barriers and drug delivery systems in the anterior and posterior segment of eyes, and collect the recent advances in stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems in eyes for controlled drug release in response to exogenous stimuli (ultrasound, magnetic stimulus, electrical stimulus, and light) or endogenous stimuli (enzyme, active oxygen species, temperature, ions, and pH). In addition, the design and mechanisms of the stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems have been summarized in this review, and the advantages and limitations are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqi Lin
- Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Xingdi Wu
- Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Ben Wang
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China.
| | - Wen Xu
- Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.
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Dickstein TA, Zhou E, Hershberger KK, Haskell AK, Morgan DG, Pink M, Stein BD, Nikoshvili LZ, Matveeva VG, Bronstein LM. Chitosan as capping agent in a robust one-pot procedure for a magnetic catalyst synthesis. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 269:118267. [PMID: 34294299 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report a one-pot solvothermal method for the development of magnetically recoverable catalysts with Ru or Ag nanoparticles (NPs) capped by chitosan (CS), a derivative of natural chitin. The formation of iron oxide NPs was carried out in situ in the presence of CS and iron acetylacetonate in boiling triethyleneglycol (TEG) due to CS solubilization in warm TEG. Coordination with Ru or Ag species and the NP formation take place in the same reaction solution, eliminating intermediate steps. In optimal conditions the method developed allows stabilization of 2.2 nm monodisperse Ru NPs (containing both Ru0 and Ru4+ species) that are evenly distributed through the catalyst, while for Ag NPs, this stabilizing medium is inferior, leading to exceptionally large Ag nanocrystals. Catalytic testing of CS-Ru magnetically recoverable catalysts in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol with excess NaBH4 revealed that the catalyst with 2.2 nm Ru NPs exhibits the highest catalytic activity compared to samples with larger Ru NPs (2.9-3.2 nm). Moreover, this catalyst displayed extraordinary shelf-life in the aqueous solution (up to ten months) and excellent reusability in ten consecutive reactions with easy magnetic separation at each step which were assigned to its conformational rigidity at a constant pH. These characteristics as well as favorable environmental factors of the catalyst fabrication, make it promising for nitroarene reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomer A Dickstein
- Indiana University, Department of Chemistry, 800 E. Kirkwood Av., Bloomington, IN 47408, USA
| | - Ergang Zhou
- Indiana University, Department of Chemistry, 800 E. Kirkwood Av., Bloomington, IN 47408, USA
| | - Kian K Hershberger
- Indiana University, Department of Chemistry, 800 E. Kirkwood Av., Bloomington, IN 47408, USA
| | - Angela K Haskell
- Indiana University, Department of Chemistry, 800 E. Kirkwood Av., Bloomington, IN 47408, USA
| | - David Gene Morgan
- Indiana University, Department of Chemistry, 800 E. Kirkwood Av., Bloomington, IN 47408, USA
| | - Maren Pink
- Indiana University, Department of Chemistry, 800 E. Kirkwood Av., Bloomington, IN 47408, USA
| | - Barry D Stein
- Indiana University, Department of Biology, 1001 E. Third St., Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Linda Zh Nikoshvili
- Tver State Technical University, Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Standardization, A.Nikitin str., 22, 170026 Tver, Russian Federation
| | - Valentina G Matveeva
- Tver State Technical University, Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Standardization, A.Nikitin str., 22, 170026 Tver, Russian Federation; Tver State University, Regional Technological Centre, Zhelyabova str., 33, 170100 Tver, Russian Federation
| | - Lyudmila M Bronstein
- Indiana University, Department of Chemistry, 800 E. Kirkwood Av., Bloomington, IN 47408, USA; A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov St., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation; King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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Gupta D, Vashisth P, Bellare J. Multiscale porosity in a 3D printed gellan-gelatin composite for bone tissue engineering. Biomed Mater 2021; 16. [PMID: 33761468 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/abf1a7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to develop a complex-shaped gelatin-gellan composite scaffold with multiscale porosity using a combination of cryogenic 3D printing and lyophilization for bone tissue engineering. Cryogenic 3D printing was used to fabricate a low-concentration composite of complex-shaped macroporous gelatin-gellan structures with a pore size of 919 ± 89 µm. This was followed by lyophilization to introduce micropores of size 20-250 µm and nanometre-level surface functionalities, thus achieving a hierarchical porous structure. These multiscale porous scaffolds (GMu) were compared with two other types of scaffolds having only microporosity (GMi) and macroporosity (GMa) with regard to their physical andin vitrobiological properties. GMu scaffolds were found to be better than GMi and GMa in terms of swelling percentage, degradation rate, uniform pore distribution, cellular infiltration, attachment, proliferation, protein generation and mineralization. In conclusion, we have developed a controlled hierarchical bone-like structure, biomimicking natural bone, together with a reproducible process of manufacture by coupling soft hydrogel 3D printing with lyophilization. This enables the development of complex-shaped patient-specific 3D printed hydrogel scaffolds with enhanced performancein vitroand great potential in the fields of tissue engineering, bioprinting and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Gupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Priya Vashisth
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Jayesh Bellare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.,Tata Centre for Technology and Design, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.,Centre for Research in Nanotechnology & Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.,Wadhwani Research Centre for Bioengineering (WRCB), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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Synthesis of the Microbial Polysaccharide Gellan from Dairy and Plant-Based Processing Coproducts. POLYSACCHARIDES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/polysaccharides2020016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review examines the production of the microbial polysaccharide gellan, synthesized by Sphingomonas elodea, on dairy and plant-based processing coproducts. Gellan is a water-soluble gum that structurally exists as a tetrasaccharide comprised of 20% glucuronic acid, 60% glucose and 20% rhamnose, for which various food, non-food and biomedical applications have been reported. A number of carbon and nitrogen sources have been tested to determine whether they can support bacterial gellan production, with several studies attempting to optimize gellan production by varying the culture conditions. The genetics of the biosynthesis of gellan has been explored in a number of investigations and specific genes have been identified that encode the enzymes responsible for the synthesis of this polysaccharide. Genetic mutants exhibiting overproduction of gellan have also been identified and characterized. Several dairy and plant-based processing coproducts have been screened to learn whether they can support the production of gellan in an attempt to lower the cost of synthesizing the microbial polysaccharide. Of the processing coproducts explored, soluble starch as a carbon source supported the highest gellan production by S. elodea grown at 30 °C. The corn processing coproducts corn steep liquor or condensed distillers solubles appear to be effective nitrogen sources for gellan production. It was concluded that further research on producing gellan using a combination of processing coproducts could be an effective solution in lowering its overall production costs.
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Voci S, Gagliardi A, Molinaro R, Fresta M, Cosco D. Recent Advances of Taxol-Loaded Biocompatible Nanocarriers Embedded in Natural Polymer-Based Hydrogels. Gels 2021; 7:33. [PMID: 33804970 PMCID: PMC8103278 DOI: 10.3390/gels7020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of paclitaxel (PTX) has been a milestone in anti-cancer therapy and has promoted the development and marketing of various formulations that have revolutionized the therapeutic approach towards several malignancies. Despite its peculiar anti-cancer activity, the physico-chemical properties of PTX compromise the administration of the compound in polar media. Because of this, since the development of the first Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved formulation (Taxol®), consistent efforts have been made to obtain suitable delivery systems able to preserve/increase PTX efficacy and to overcome the side effects correlated to the presence of some excipients. The exploitation of natural polymers as potential materials for drug delivery purposes has favored the modulation of the bioavailability and the pharmacokinetic profiles of the drug, and in this regard, several formulations have been developed that allow the controlled release of the active compound. In this mini-review, the recent advances concerning the design and applications of natural polymer-based hydrogels containing PTX-loaded biocompatible nanocarriers are discussed. The technological features of these formulations as well as the therapeutic outcome achieved following their administration will be described, demonstrating their potential role as innovative systems to be used in anti-tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Voci
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S.Venuta”, I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.V.); (A.G.); (M.F.)
| | - Agnese Gagliardi
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S.Venuta”, I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.V.); (A.G.); (M.F.)
| | | | - Massimo Fresta
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S.Venuta”, I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.V.); (A.G.); (M.F.)
| | - Donato Cosco
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S.Venuta”, I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.V.); (A.G.); (M.F.)
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Costa de Oliveira Souza CM, de Souza CF, Mogharbel BF, Irioda AC, Cavichiolo Franco CR, Sierakowski MR, Athayde Teixeira de Carvalho K. Nanostructured Cellulose-Gellan-Xyloglucan-Lysozyme Dressing Seeded with Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Deep Second-Degree Burn Treatment. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:833-850. [PMID: 33584096 PMCID: PMC7875079 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s289868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In deep burns, wound contraction and hypertrophic scar formation can generate functional derangement and debilitation of the affected part. In order to improve the quality of healing in deep second-degree burns, we developed a new treatment in a preclinical model using nanostructured membranes seeded with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). METHODS Membranes were obtained by reconstitution of bacterial cellulose (reconstituted membrane [RM]) and produced by a dry-cast process, then RM was incorporated with 10% tamarind xyloglucan plus gellan gum 1:1 and 10% lysozyme (RMGT-LZ) and with 10% gellan gum and 10% lysozyme (RMG-LZ). Membrane hydrophobic/hydrophilic characteristics were investigated by static/dynamic contact-angle measurements. They were cultivated with MSCs, and cell adhesion, proliferation, and migration capacity was analyzed with MTT assays. Morphological and topographic characteristics were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. MSC patterns in flow cytometry and differentiation into adipocytes and osteocytes were checked. In vivo assays used RMG-LZ and RMGT-LZ (with and without MSCs) in Rattus norvegicus rats submitted to burn protocol, and histological sections and collagen deposits were analyzed and immunocytochemistry assay performed. RESULTS In vitro results demonstrated carboxyl and amine groups made the membranes moderately hydrophobic and xyloglucan inclusion decreased wettability, favoring MSC adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. In vivo, we obtained 40% and 60% reduction in acute/chronic inflammatory infiltrates, 96% decrease in injury area, increased vascular proliferation and collagen deposition, and complete epithelialization after 30 days. MSCs were detected in burned tissue, confirming they had homed and proliferated in vivo. CONCLUSION Nanostructured cellulose-gellan-xyloglucan-lysozyme dressings, especially when seeded with MSCs, improved deep second-degree burn regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Maria Costa de Oliveira Souza
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cell Therapy and Biotechnology in Regenerative Medicine Department, Pequeno Príncipe Faculties and the Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Clayton Fernandes de Souza
- Chemistry Undergraduate Program, School of Education and Humanities, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
- BioPol, Chemistry Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Bassam Felipe Mogharbel
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cell Therapy and Biotechnology in Regenerative Medicine Department, Pequeno Príncipe Faculties and the Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Irioda
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cell Therapy and Biotechnology in Regenerative Medicine Department, Pequeno Príncipe Faculties and the Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | - Katherine Athayde Teixeira de Carvalho
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cell Therapy and Biotechnology in Regenerative Medicine Department, Pequeno Príncipe Faculties and the Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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Nurakhmetova Z, Tatykhanova G, Kudaibergenov S. Immobilized anticancer agents and metal nanoparticles in a matrix of gellan: achievements and prospects. CHEMICAL BULLETIN OF KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 2020. [DOI: 10.15328/cb1169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A review is devoted to recent achievements in development of anticancer drugs based on natural polysaccharide – gellan that possesses coil-helix conformational transition, sol-gel phase transition, thermo- and salt sensitivity. The characteristics of high- and low-acyl gellan are briefly given and the influence of mono- and multivalent metal ions on the gelation efficiency is described. The mucoadhesive properties of gellan and its modified derivatives are briefly considered in the context of application in pharmacy as oral, buccal, nasal, ophthalmologic, vaginal forms. The main attention is paid to anticancer drugs, gold and silver nanoparticles immobilized within gellan matrix by chemical bonds, physical adsorption and chemosorption. The state-of-the art and perspectives of development of plasmonic photothermal therapy of cancer cells that is one of the promising direction of nanomedicine in diagnosis and treatment of oncological diseases are highlighted. It is outlined that the further strategy of development and application of plasmonic photothermal therapy into clinical practice is due to selection of metal nanoparticles with optimal sizes, high concentration, low cytotoxicity and suitable optical characteristics.
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Pandey M, Choudhury H, Abdul-Aziz A, Bhattamisra SK, Gorain B, Carine T, Wee Toong T, Yi NJ, Win Yi L. Promising Drug Delivery Approaches to Treat Microbial Infections in the Vagina: A Recent Update. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 13:E26. [PMID: 33374756 PMCID: PMC7795176 DOI: 10.3390/polym13010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
An optimal host-microbiota interaction in the human vagina governs the reproductive health status of a woman. The marked depletion in the beneficial Lactobacillus sp. increases the risk of infection with sexually transmitted pathogens, resulting in gynaecological issues. Vaginal infections that are becoming increasingly prevalent, especially among women of reproductive age, require an effective concentration of antimicrobial drugs at the infectious sites for complete disease eradication. Thus, topical treatment is recommended as it allows direct therapeutic action, reduced drug doses and side effects, and self-insertion. However, the alterations in the physiological conditions of the vagina affect the effectiveness of vaginal drug delivery considerably. Conventional vaginal dosage forms are often linked to low retention time in the vagina and discomfort which significantly reduces patient compliance. The lack of optimal prevention and treatment approaches have contributed to the unacceptably high rate of recurrence for vaginal diseases. To combat these limitations, several novel approaches including nano-systems, mucoadhesive polymeric systems, and stimuli-responsive systems have been developed in recent years. This review discusses and summarises the recent research progress of these novel approaches for vaginal drug delivery against various vaginal diseases. An overview of the concept and challenges of vaginal infections, anatomy and physiology of the vagina, and barriers to vaginal drug delivery are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
- Centre for Bioactive Molecules and Drug Delivery, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Hira Choudhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
- Centre for Bioactive Molecules and Drug Delivery, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Azila Abdul-Aziz
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia; or
| | - Subrat Kumar Bhattamisra
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - Bapi Gorain
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia;
- Center for Drug Delivery and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Teng Carine
- Undergraduate School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (T.C.); (T.W.T.); (N.J.Y.); (L.W.Y.)
| | - Tan Wee Toong
- Undergraduate School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (T.C.); (T.W.T.); (N.J.Y.); (L.W.Y.)
| | - Ngiam Jing Yi
- Undergraduate School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (T.C.); (T.W.T.); (N.J.Y.); (L.W.Y.)
| | - Lim Win Yi
- Undergraduate School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (T.C.); (T.W.T.); (N.J.Y.); (L.W.Y.)
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Nose-to-brain delivery of drug nanocrystals by using Ca 2+ responsive deacetylated gellan gum based in situ-nanogel. Int J Pharm 2020; 594:120182. [PMID: 33346126 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.120182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to use a carbohydrate polymer deacetylated gellan gum (DGG) as matrix to design nanocrystals based intranasal in situ gel (IG) for nose-to -brain delivery of drug. The harmine nanocrystals (HAR-NC) as model drug were prepared by coupling homogenization and spray-drying technology. The HAR-NC was redispersed in the (DGG) solutions and formed the ionic-triggered harmine nanocrystals based in situ gel (HAR-NC-IG). The crystal state of HAR remained unchanged during the homogenization and spray-drying. And the HAR-NC-IG with 0.5% DGG exhibited excellent in situ-gelation ability, water retention property and in vitro release behavior. The bioavailability in brain of intranasal HAR-NC-IG were 25-fold higher than that of oral HAR-NC, which could be attributed to nanosizing effect of HAR-NC and bioadhesive property of DGG triggered by nasal fluid. And the HAR-NC-IG could significantly inhibit the expression of acetylcholinesterase (AchE) and increase the content of acetylcholin (ACh) in brain compared with those of reference formulations (p < 0.01). The DGG based nanocrystals-in situ gel was a promising carrier for nose-to-brain delivery of poorly soluble drug, which could prolong the residence time and improve the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs in brain.
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49
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Eggshell Membrane/Gellan Gum Composite Hydrogels with Increased Degradability, Biocompatibility, and Anti-Swelling Properties for Effective Regeneration of Retinal Pigment Epithelium. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12122941. [PMID: 33317040 PMCID: PMC7764595 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A gellan gum (GG) hydrogel must demonstrate a number of critical qualities—low viscosity, degradability, desirable mechanical properties, anti-swelling properties, and biocompatibility—in order to be regarded as suitable for retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) regeneration. In this study, we investigated whether the application of an eggshell membrane (ESM) to a GG hydrogel improved these critical attributes. The crosslinking of the ESM/GG hydrogels was most effectively reduced, when a 4 w/v% ESM was used, leading to a 40% less viscosity and a 30% higher degradation efficiency than a pure GG hydrogel. The compressive moduli of the ESM/GG hydrogels were maintained, as the smaller pores formed by the addition of the ESM compensated for the slightly weakened mechanical properties of the ESM/GG hydrogels. Meanwhile, due to the relatively low hydrophilicity of ESM, a 4 w/v% ESM enabled an ESM/GG hydrogel to swell 30% less than a pure GG hydrogel. Finally, the similarity in components between the ESM and RPE cells facilitated the proliferation of the latter without any significant cytotoxicity.
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50
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Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Injectable Betamethasone-Loaded Tyramine-Modified Gellan Gum/Silk Fibroin Hydrogels. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10101456. [PMID: 33080875 PMCID: PMC7603075 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a rheumatic disease for which a healing treatment does not presently exist. Silk fibroin has been extensively studied for use in drug delivery systems due to its uniqueness, versatility and strong clinical track record in medicine. However, in general, natural polymeric materials are not mechanically stable enough, and have high rates of biodegradation. Thus, synthetic materials such as gellan gum can be used to produce composite structures with biological signals to promote tissue-specific interactions while providing the desired mechanical properties. In this work, we aimed to produce hydrogels of tyramine-modified gellan gum with silk fibroin (Ty–GG/SF) via horseradish peroxidase (HRP), with encapsulated betamethasone, to improve the biocompatibility and mechanical properties, and further increase therapeutic efficacy to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The Ty–GG/SF hydrogels presented a β-sheet secondary structure, with gelation time around 2–5 min, good resistance to enzymatic degradation, a suitable injectability profile, viscoelastic capacity with a significant solid component and a betamethasone-controlled release profile over time. In vitro studies showed that Ty–GG/SF hydrogels did not produce a deleterious effect on cellular metabolic activity, morphology or proliferation. Furthermore, Ty–GG/SF hydrogels with encapsulated betamethasone revealed greater therapeutic efficacy than the drug applied alone. Therefore, this strategy can provide an improvement in therapeutic efficacy when compared to the traditional use of drugs for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
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