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La Pietra A, Imperatore R, Coccia E, Mobilio T, Ferrandino I, Paolucci M. Comparative Study of Condensed and Hydrolysable Tannins during the Early Stages of Zebrafish Development. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7063. [PMID: 39000172 PMCID: PMC11241311 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we present data on the effects of condensed tannins (CTs) and hydrolysable tannins (HTs), polyphenols extracted from plants, at different concentrations on zebrafish development to identify the range of concentrations with toxic effects. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to CTs and HTs at two different concentration ranges (5.0-20.0 μgL-1 and 5.0-20.0 mgL-1) for 72 h. The toxicity parameters were observed up to 72 h of treatment. The uptake of CTs and HTs by the zebrafish larvae was assessed via HPLC analysis. A qRT-PCR analysis was performed to evaluate the expressions of genes cd63, zhe1, and klf4, involved in the hatching process of zebrafish. CTs and HTs at 5.0, 10.0, and 20.0 μgL-1 were not toxic. On the contrary, at 5.0, 10.0, and 20.0 mgL-1, HTs induced a delay in hatching starting from 48 h of treatment, while CTs showed a delay in hatching mainly at 48 h. The analysis of gene expression showed a downregulation in the group exposed to HTs, confirming the hatching data. We believe that this study is important for defining the optimal doses of CTs and HTs to be employed in different application fields such as the chemical industry, the animal feed industry, and medical science.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberta Imperatore
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Elena Coccia
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Teresa Mobilio
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Ida Ferrandino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Marina Paolucci
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
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Tienaho J, Fidelis M, Brännström H, Hellström J, Rudolfsson M, Kumar Das A, Liimatainen J, Kumar A, Kurkilahti M, Kilpeläinen P. Valorizing Assorted Logging Residues: Response Surface Methodology in the Extraction Optimization of a Green Norway Spruce Needle-Rich Fraction To Obtain Valuable Bioactive Compounds. ACS SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2024; 1:237-249. [PMID: 38414817 PMCID: PMC10895920 DOI: 10.1021/acssusresmgt.3c00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
During stemwood harvesting, substantial volumes of logging residues are produced as a side stream. Nevertheless, industrially feasible processing methods supporting their use for other than energy generation purposes are scarce. Thus, the present study focuses on biorefinery processing, employing response surface methodology to optimize the pressurized extraction of industrially assorted needle-rich spruce logging residues with four solvents. Eighteen experimental points, including eight center point replicates, were used to optimize the extraction temperature (40-135 °C) and time (10-70 min). The extraction optimization for water, water with Na2CO3 + NaHSO3 addition, and aqueous ethanol was performed using yield, total dissolved solids (TDS), antioxidant activity (FRAP, ORAC), antibacterial properties (E. coli, S. aureus), total phenolic content (TPC), condensed tannin content, and degree of polymerization. For limonene, evaluated responses were yield, TDS, antioxidant activity (CUPRAC, DPPH), and TPC. Desirability surfaces were created using the responses showing a coefficient of determination (R2) > 0.7, statistical significance (p ≤ 0.05), precision > 4, and statistically insignificant lack-of-fit (p > 0.1). The optimal extraction conditions were 125 °C and 68 min for aqueous ethanol, 120 °C and 10 min for water, 111 °C and 49 min for water with Na2CO3 + NaHSO3 addition, and 134 °C and 41 min for limonene. The outcomes contribute insights to industrial logging residue utilization for value-added purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Tienaho
- Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Latokartanonkaari 9, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marina Fidelis
- Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Latokartanonkaari 9, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
- Food Sciences Unit, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Hanna Brännström
- Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Teknologiakatu 7, FI-67100 Kokkola, Finland
| | - Jarkko Hellström
- Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Myllytie 1, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Magnus Rudolfsson
- Unit of Biomass Technology and Chemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Atanu Kumar Das
- Unit of Biomass Technology and Chemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jaana Liimatainen
- Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Latokartanonkaari 9, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anuj Kumar
- Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Latokartanonkaari 9, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Kurkilahti
- Natural Resources, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4 A, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Petri Kilpeläinen
- Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Latokartanonkaari 9, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
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Haapakoski M, Emelianov A, Reshamwala D, Laajala M, Tienaho J, Kilpeläinen P, Liimatainen J, Jyske T, Pettersson M, Marjomäki V. Antiviral functionalization of cellulose using tannic acid and tannin-rich extracts. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1287167. [PMID: 38125579 PMCID: PMC10731304 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1287167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to seasonally appearing viruses and several outbreaks and present pandemic, we are surrounded by viruses in our everyday life. In order to reduce viral transmission, functionalized surfaces that inactivate viruses are in large demand. Here the endeavor was to functionalize cellulose-based materials with tannic acid (TA) and tannin-rich extracts by using different binding polymers to prevent viral infectivity of both non-enveloped coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) and enveloped human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43). Direct antiviral efficacy of TA and spruce bark extract in solution was measured: EC50 for CVB3 was 0.12 and 8.41 μg/ml and for HCoV-OC43, 78.16 and 95.49 μg/ml, respectively. TA also led to an excellent 5.8- to 7-log reduction of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus infectivity. TA functionalized materials reduced infectivity already after 5-min treatment at room temperature. All the tested methods to bind TA showed efficacy on paperboard with 0.1 to 1% (w/v) TA concentrations against CVB3 whereas material hydrophobicity decreased activities. Specific signatures for TA and HCoV-OC43 were discovered by Raman spectroscopy and showed clear co-localization on the material. qPCR study suggested efficient binding of CVB3 to the TA functionalized cellulose whereas HCoV-OC43 was flushed out from the surfaces more readily. In conclusion, the produced TA-materials showed efficient and broadly acting antiviral efficacy. Additionally, the co-localization of TA and HCoV-OC43 and strong binding of CVB3 to the functionalized cellulose demonstrates an interaction with the surfaces. The produced antiviral surfaces thus show promise for future use to increase biosafety and biosecurity by reducing pathogen persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjo Haapakoski
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences/Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Aleksei Emelianov
- Department of Chemistry/Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Dhanik Reshamwala
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences/Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Mira Laajala
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences/Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jenni Tienaho
- Production Systems Unit, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petri Kilpeläinen
- Production Systems Unit, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Liimatainen
- Production Systems Unit, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuula Jyske
- Production Systems Unit, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Pettersson
- Department of Chemistry/Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Varpu Marjomäki
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences/Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Yu L, Gai Y. Elucidating the Mechanism of Agrimonolide in Treating Colon Cancer Based on Network Pharmacology. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:2209-2222. [PMID: 37533972 PMCID: PMC10390720 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s409530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study reported the efficacy and underlying mechanism of agrimonolide (AM) in treating colon cancer. Methods Colon cancer-AM-related targets were screened from online database. AM targets for colon cancer were identified by Venn diagram. Main molecular function, biological process, cellular component and pathways associated with AM targets for colon cancer were analyzed by GO and KEGG enrichment analysis. Relationship of the 10 core targets of AM for colon cancer with the top 15 BP and KEGG pathways was analyzed by Cytoscape software. A "component-target-pathway" network was constructed to select the hub genes of AM for colon cancer. AM effects on colon cancer cell viability, proliferation, invasion, migration and apoptosis were researched by CCK-8, colony formation, Transwell invasion, wound healing and flow cytometry assays. Tumor-bearing nude mice models were constructed and given AM treatment. Hub gene expression in cells/tissues was detected by Western blot. Results A total of 107 targets were selected as AM targets for colon cancer. The 10 core targets were related to the top 15 biological process terms and KEGG pathways. PI3K, AKT and mTOR were selected as the hub genes of AM for colon cancer. AM weakened colon cell proliferation, invasion, migration and apoptosis inhibition, and suppressed colon cell in vivo growth. AM up-regulated Caspase-3 and BAX proteins, down-regulated C-Myc, Cyclin D1 and BCL-2 proteins, and inactivated the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion AM suppressed colon cancer progression through inactivating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. It may be useful for colon cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yu
- Department of Oncology I, Seventh People’s Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun Gai
- Department of Oncology I, Seventh People’s Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai City, People’s Republic of China
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Peltoniemi K, Velmala S, Fritze H, Jyske T, Rasi S, Pennanen T. Impacts of coniferous bark-derived organic soil amendments on microbial communities in arable soil - a microcosm study. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2023; 99:7022313. [PMID: 36725205 PMCID: PMC10013654 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiad012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A decline in the carbon content of agricultural soils has been reported globally. Amendments of forest industry side-streams might counteract this. We tested the effects of industrial conifer bark and its cascade process materials on the soil microbiome under barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in clay and silt soil microcosms for 10 months, simulating the seasonal temperature changes of the boreal region. Microbial gene copy numbers were higher in clay soils than in silt. All amendments except unextracted bark increased bacterial gene copies in both soils. In turn, all other amendments, but not unextracted bark from an anaerobic digestion process, increased fungal gene copy numbers in silt soil. In clay soil, fungal increase occurred only with unextracted bark and hot water extracted bark. Soil, amendment type and simulated season affected both the bacterial and fungal community composition. Amendments increased bacteria originating from the anaerobic digestion process, as well as dinitrogen fixers and decomposers of plant cells. In turn, unextracted and hot water extracted bark determined the fungal community composition in silt. As fungal abundance increase and community diversification are related to soil carbon acquisition, bark-based amendments to soils can thus contribute to sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista Peltoniemi
- Corresponding author. Soil Ecosystems, Natural Resources, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Latokartanonkaari 9, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland.E-mail:
| | - Sannakajsa Velmala
- Natural Resources, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Latokartanonkaari 9, FI-00720 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannu Fritze
- Natural Resources, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Latokartanonkaari 9, FI-00720 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuula Jyske
- Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Viikinkaari 9, FI-00720 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saija Rasi
- Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Survontie 9, FI-40500 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Taina Pennanen
- Natural Resources, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Latokartanonkaari 9, FI-00720 Helsinki, Finland
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Besharati M, Maggiolino A, Palangi V, Kaya A, Jabbar M, Eseceli H, De Palo P, Lorenzo JM. Tannin in Ruminant Nutrition: Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238273. [PMID: 36500366 PMCID: PMC9738529 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tannins are polyphenols characterized by different molecular weights that plants are able to synthetize during their secondary metabolism. Macromolecules (proteins, structural carbohydrates and starch) can link tannins and their digestion can decrease. Tannins can be classified into two groups: hydrolysable tannins and condensed tannins. Tannins are polyphenols, which can directly or indirectly affect intake and digestion. Their ability to bind molecules and form complexes depends on the structure of polyphenols and on the macromolecule involved. Tannins have long been known to be an "anti-nutritional agent" in monogastric and poultry animals. Using good tannins' proper application protocols helped the researchers observe positive effects on the intestinal microbial ecosystem, gut health, and animal production. Plant tannins are used as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics, and many factors have been described by researchers which contribute to the variability in their efficiencies. The objective of this study was to review the literature about tannins, their effects and use in ruminant nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maghsoud Besharati
- Department of Animal Science, Ahar Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tabriz, Ahar 5451785354, Iran
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (A.M.); (V.P.)
| | - Aristide Maggiolino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari A. Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (A.M.); (V.P.)
| | - Valiollah Palangi
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (A.M.); (V.P.)
| | - Adem Kaya
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Jabbar
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biosciences, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Hüseyin Eseceli
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, Balikesir 10200, Turkey
| | - Pasquale De Palo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari A. Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Jose M. Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avd. Galicia 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, 32900 Ourense, Spain
- Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
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Extractives of Tree Biomass of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) for Biorefining in Four Climatic Regions in Finland—Lipophilic Compounds, Stilbenes, and Lignans. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13050779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to quantify total extractive contents and lipophilic compounds, stilbenes, and lignans in Scots pine stem wood, stem bark, branch biomass, and sawmill residues in four climatic regions of Finland to evaluate the most optimal sources of extractives for bio-based chemical biorefining and bioenergy products. Data were derived from 78 chip samples from the before-mentioned raw materials, the samples being pooled by tree height position from the sample trees of 42 experimental forest stands, and sawdust lots from 10 log stands. Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) was employed to determine total extractive contents, followed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC–FID) to quantify extractive groups and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) to analyse individual extractive compounds. Resin acids and triglycerides followed by fatty acids were the dominant extractive groups. Resin acids were most abundant in stem wood from final fellings and in sawdust, fatty acids in bark and branch biomass, and triglycerides also in stem wood from thinnings and the top parts of trees. Of the minor extractive groups, stilbenes were the most abundant in stem wood from final fellings and in sawdust, and steryl esters, sterols, and lignans in bark and branch biomass, the two last groups almost missing from other biomass components. Regional differences in the contents of extractive groups were generally small, 1.0−1.5 percentage points at the maximum, but factor analysis distinguished northern and southern regions into their own groups. Bark was the most potential source of fatty acids and sterols in southern Finland, and triglycerides and steryl esters in northern Finland. In stem wood, steryl esters, triglycerides, and lignans decreased and stilbenes increased from north to south. Certain fatty acids and resin acids were more frequent in the north. The results highlighted the importance of focused procurement and efficient sorting of raw materials, purity, unique properties, and feasible isolation techniques for competitive ability as well as large raw material volumes or well-defined value-added products.
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A Sustainable Approach on Spruce Bark Waste Valorization through Hydrothermal Conversion. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the context of sustainable use of resources, hydrothermal conversion of biomass has received increased consideration. As well, the hydrochar (the solid C-rich phase that occurs after the process) has caused great interest. In this work, spruce bark (Picea abies) wastes were considered as feedstock and the influence of hydrothermal process parameters (temperature, reaction time, and biomass to water ratio) on the conversion degree has been studied. Using the response surface methodology and MiniTab software, the process parameters were set up and showed that temperature was the significant factor influencing the conversion, while residence time and the solid-to-liquid ratio had a low influence. Furthermore, the chemical (proximate and ultimate analysis), structural (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy) and thermal properties (thermogravimetric analysis) of feedstock and hydrochar were analyzed. Hydrochar obtained at 280 °C, 1 h processing time, and 1/5 solid-to-liquid ratio presented a hydrophobic character, numerous functional groups, a lower O and H content, and an improved C matter, as well as a good thermal stability. Alongside the structural features, these characteristics endorsed this waste-based product for applications other than those already known as a heat source.
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Li Y, Zhu L, Guo C, Xue M, Xia F, Wang Y, Jia D, Li L, Gao Y, Shi Y, He Y, Yuan C. Dietary Intake of Hydrolyzable Tannins and Condensed Tannins to Regulate Lipid Metabolism. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 22:1789-1802. [PMID: 34967286 DOI: 10.2174/1389557522666211229112223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism disorder is a multifactor issue, which contributes to several serious health consequences, such as obesity, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver etc. Tannins, applied as natural derived plant, are commonly used in the study of lipid metabolism disease with excellent safety and effectiveness, while producing less toxic and side effects. Meanwhile, recognition of the significance of dietary tannins in lipid metabolism disease prevention has increased. As suggested by existing evidence, dietary tannins can reduce lipid accumulation, block adipocyte differentiation, enhance antioxidant capacity, increase the content of short-chain fatty acids, and lower blood lipid levels, thus alleviating lipid metabolism disorder. This study is purposed to sum up and analyze plenty of documents on tannins, so as to provide the information required to assess the lipid metabolism of tannins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyang Li
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Leiqi Zhu
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Chong Guo
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Mengzhen Xue
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Fangqi Xia
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Yaqi Wang
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Dengke Jia
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Luoying Li
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Yan Gao
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Yue Shi
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Yuming He
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of China Three Gorges, Yichang, China
| | - Chengfu Yuan
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of China Three Gorges, Yichang, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumour Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
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Lugo-Flores MA, Quintero-Cabello KP, Palafox-Rivera P, Silva-Espinoza BA, Cruz-Valenzuela MR, Ortega-Ramirez LA, Gonzalez-Aguilar GA, Ayala-Zavala JF. Plant-Derived Substances with Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Flavoring Potential to Formulate Oral Health Care Products. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1669. [PMID: 34829898 PMCID: PMC8615420 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial diseases and reactive oxygen species can cause dental caries and oral cancer. Therefore, the present review analyzes and discusses the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of synthetic and plant-derived substances and their current and future patents to formulate dental products. The reviewed evidence indicates that chlorhexidine, fluorides, and hydrogen peroxide have adverse effects on the sensory acceptability of oral care products. As an alternative, plant-derived substances have antimicrobial and antioxidant properties that can be used in their formulation. Also, adding plant metabolites favors the sensory acceptability of dental products compared with synthetic compounds. Therefore, plant-derived substances have antibacterial, antioxidant, and flavoring activity with the potential to be used in the formulation of toothpaste, mouth rinses, dentures cleansers-fixatives, and saliva substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A. Lugo-Flores
- Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazaran Rosas, No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo C.P. 83304, Sonora, Mexico; (M.A.L.-F.); (K.P.Q.-C.); (P.P.-R.); (B.A.S.-E.); (M.R.C.-V.); (G.A.G.-A.)
| | - Karen P. Quintero-Cabello
- Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazaran Rosas, No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo C.P. 83304, Sonora, Mexico; (M.A.L.-F.); (K.P.Q.-C.); (P.P.-R.); (B.A.S.-E.); (M.R.C.-V.); (G.A.G.-A.)
| | - Patricia Palafox-Rivera
- Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazaran Rosas, No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo C.P. 83304, Sonora, Mexico; (M.A.L.-F.); (K.P.Q.-C.); (P.P.-R.); (B.A.S.-E.); (M.R.C.-V.); (G.A.G.-A.)
| | - Brenda A. Silva-Espinoza
- Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazaran Rosas, No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo C.P. 83304, Sonora, Mexico; (M.A.L.-F.); (K.P.Q.-C.); (P.P.-R.); (B.A.S.-E.); (M.R.C.-V.); (G.A.G.-A.)
| | - Manuel Reynaldo Cruz-Valenzuela
- Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazaran Rosas, No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo C.P. 83304, Sonora, Mexico; (M.A.L.-F.); (K.P.Q.-C.); (P.P.-R.); (B.A.S.-E.); (M.R.C.-V.); (G.A.G.-A.)
| | - Luis Alberto Ortega-Ramirez
- Unidad Académica San Luis Río Colorado, Universidad Estatal de Sonora, Carretera, Sonoyta-San Luis Río Colorado km. 6.5, Parque Industrial, San Luis Río Colorado C.P. 83500, Sonora, Mexico;
| | - Gustavo Adolfo Gonzalez-Aguilar
- Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazaran Rosas, No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo C.P. 83304, Sonora, Mexico; (M.A.L.-F.); (K.P.Q.-C.); (P.P.-R.); (B.A.S.-E.); (M.R.C.-V.); (G.A.G.-A.)
| | - Jesus Fernando Ayala-Zavala
- Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazaran Rosas, No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo C.P. 83304, Sonora, Mexico; (M.A.L.-F.); (K.P.Q.-C.); (P.P.-R.); (B.A.S.-E.); (M.R.C.-V.); (G.A.G.-A.)
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Mattila P, Pap N, Järvenpää E, Kahala M, Mäkinen S. Underutilized Northern plant sources and technological aspects for recovering their polyphenols. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2021; 98:125-169. [PMID: 34507641 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Consumers worldwide are increasingly interested in the authenticity and naturalness of products. At the same time, the food, agricultural and forest industries generate large quantities of sidestreams that are not effectively utilized. However, these raw materials are rich and inexpensive sources of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols. The exploitation of these raw materials increases income for producers and processors, while reducing transportation and waste management costs. Many Northern sidestreams and other underutilized raw materials are good sources of polyphenols. These include berry, apple, vegetable, softwood, and rapeseed sidestreams, as well as underutilized algae species. Berry sidestreams are especially good sources of various phenolic compounds. This chapter presents the properties of these raw materials, providing an overview of the techniques for refining these materials into functional polyphenol-rich ingredients. The focus is on economically and environmentally sound technologies suitable for the pre-treatment of the raw materials, the modification and recovery of the polyphenols, as well as the formulation and stabilization of the ingredients. For example, sprouting, fermentation, and enzyme technologies, as well as various traditional and novel extraction methods are discussed. Regarding the extraction technologies, this chapter focuses on safe and green technologies that do not use organic solvents. In addition, formulation and stabilization that aim to protect isolated polyphenols during storage and extend shelflife are reviewed. The formulated polyphenol-rich ingredients produced from underutilized renewable resources could be used as sustainable, active ingredients--for example, in food and nutraceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pirjo Mattila
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Turku, Finland.
| | - Nora Pap
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Eila Järvenpää
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Minna Kahala
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Sari Mäkinen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen, Finland
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Pap N, Reshamwala D, Korpinen R, Kilpeläinen P, Fidelis M, Furtado MM, Sant'Ana AS, Wen M, Zhang L, Hellström J, Marnilla P, Mattila P, Sarjala T, Yang B, Lima ADS, Azevedo L, Marjomäki V, Granato D. Toxicological and bioactivity evaluation of blackcurrant press cake, sea buckthorn leaves and bark from Scots pine and Norway spruce extracts under a green integrated approach. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 153:112284. [PMID: 34044082 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous extracts from blackcurrant press cake (BC), Norway spruce bark (NS), Scots pine bark (SP), and sea buckthorn leaves (SB) were obtained using maceration and pressurized hot water and tested for their bioactivities. Maceration provided the extraction of higher dry matter contents, including total phenolics (TPC), anthocyanins, and condensed tannins, which also impacted higher antioxidant activity. NS and SB extracts presented the highest mean values of TPC and antioxidant activity. Individually, NS extract presented high contents of proanthocyanidins, resveratrol, and some phenolic acids. In contrast, SB contained a high concentration of ellagitannins, ellagic acid, and quercetin, explaining the antioxidant activity and antibacterial effects. SP and BC extracts had the lowest TPC and antioxidant activity. However, BC had strong antiviral efficacy, whereas SP can be considered a potential ingredient to inhibit α-amylase. Except for BC, the other extracts decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in HCT8 and A549 cells. Extracts did not inhibit the production of TNF-alpha in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated THP-1 macrophages but inhibited the ROS generation during the THP-1 cell respiratory burst. The recovery of antioxidant compounds from these by-products is incentivized for high value-added applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Pap
- Biorefinery and Bioproducts, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-31600, Jokioinen, Finland.
| | - Dhanik Reshamwala
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Risto Korpinen
- Biorefinery and Bioproducts, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Petri Kilpeläinen
- Biorefinery and Bioproducts, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Marina Fidelis
- Food Processing and Quality, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Marianna M Furtado
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Anderson S Sant'Ana
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Mingchun Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Jarkko Hellström
- Food Processing and Quality, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-31600, Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Pertti Marnilla
- Food Processing and Quality, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-31600, Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Pirjo Mattila
- Food Processing and Quality, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI- 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Tytti Sarjala
- Biomass Characterization and Properties, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-39700, Parkano, Finland
| | - Baoru Yang
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Amanda Dos Santos Lima
- Department of Food, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 714, 37130-000, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Luciana Azevedo
- Department of Food, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 714, 37130-000, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Varpu Marjomäki
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Daniel Granato
- Food Processing and Quality, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-02150, Espoo, Finland.
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13
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Bhardwaj K, Silva AS, Atanassova M, Sharma R, Nepovimova E, Musilek K, Sharma R, Alghuthaymi MA, Dhanjal DS, Nicoletti M, Sharma B, Upadhyay NK, Cruz-Martins N, Bhardwaj P, Kuča K. Conifers Phytochemicals: A Valuable Forest with Therapeutic Potential. Molecules 2021; 26:3005. [PMID: 34070179 PMCID: PMC8158490 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26103005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Conifers have long been recognized for their therapeutic potential in different disorders. Alkaloids, terpenes and polyphenols are the most abundant naturally occurring phytochemicals in these plants. Here, we provide an overview of the phytochemistry and related commercial products obtained from conifers. The pharmacological actions of different phytochemicals present in conifers against bacterial and fungal infections, cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases are also reviewed. Data obtained from experimental and clinical studies performed to date clearly underline that such compounds exert promising antioxidant effects, being able to inhibit cell damage, cancer growth, inflammation and the onset of neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, an attempt has been made with the intent to highlight the importance of conifer-derived extracts for pharmacological purposes, with the support of relevant in vitro and in vivo experimental data. In short, this review comprehends the information published to date related to conifers' phytochemicals and illustrates their potential role as drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Bhardwaj
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India;
| | - Ana Sanches Silva
- National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., Vairão, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal;
- Center for Study in Animal Science (CECA), ICETA, University of Porto, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Atanassova
- Scientific Consulting, Chemical Engineering, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 1734 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India;
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (E.N.); (K.M.)
| | - Kamil Musilek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (E.N.); (K.M.)
| | - Ruchi Sharma
- School of Bioengineering & Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India;
| | - Mousa A. Alghuthaymi
- Biology Department, Science and Humanities College, Shaqra University, Alquwayiyah 11971, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Daljeet Singh Dhanjal
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India;
| | - Marcello Nicoletti
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Square Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Bechan Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India;
| | - Navneet Kumar Upadhyay
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India;
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra PRD, Portugal
| | - Prerna Bhardwaj
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India;
| | - Kamil Kuča
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (E.N.); (K.M.)
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14
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Fraga-Corral M, Otero P, Cassani L, Echave J, Garcia-Oliveira P, Carpena M, Chamorro F, Lourenço-Lopes C, Prieto MA, Simal-Gandara J. Traditional Applications of Tannin Rich Extracts Supported by Scientific Data: Chemical Composition, Bioavailability and Bioaccessibility. Foods 2021; 10:251. [PMID: 33530516 PMCID: PMC7912241 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tannins are polyphenolic compounds historically utilized in textile and adhesive industries, but also in traditional human and animal medicines or foodstuffs. Since 20th-century, advances in analytical chemistry have allowed disclosure of the chemical nature of these molecules. The chemical profile of extracts obtained from previously selected species was investigated to try to establish a bridge between traditional background and scientific data. The study of the chemical composition of these extracts has permitted us to correlate the presence of tannins and other related molecules with the effectiveness of their apparent uses. The revision of traditional knowledge paired with scientific evidence may provide a supporting background on their use and the basis for developing innovative pharmacology and food applications based on formulations using natural sources of tannins. This traditional-scientific approach can result useful due to the raising consumers' demand for natural products in markets, to which tannin-rich extracts may pose an attractive alternative. Therefore, it is of interest to back traditional applications with accurate data while meeting consumer's acceptance. In this review, several species known to contain high amounts of tannins have been selected as a starting point to establish a correlation between their alleged traditional use, tannins content and composition and potential bioaccessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fraga-Corral
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (L.C.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (C.L.-L.)
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Campus de Santa Apolonia, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Paz Otero
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (L.C.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (C.L.-L.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago of Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Lucia Cassani
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (L.C.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (C.L.-L.)
- Research Group of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata RA7600, Argentina
| | - Javier Echave
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (L.C.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (C.L.-L.)
| | - Paula Garcia-Oliveira
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (L.C.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (C.L.-L.)
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Campus de Santa Apolonia, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Maria Carpena
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (L.C.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (C.L.-L.)
| | - Franklin Chamorro
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (L.C.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (C.L.-L.)
| | - Catarina Lourenço-Lopes
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (L.C.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (C.L.-L.)
| | - Miguel A. Prieto
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (L.C.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (C.L.-L.)
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (L.C.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (F.C.); (C.L.-L.)
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15
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Fraga-Corral M, Otero P, Echave J, Garcia-Oliveira P, Carpena M, Jarboui A, Nuñez-Estevez B, Simal-Gandara J, Prieto MA. By-Products of Agri-Food Industry as Tannin-Rich Sources: A Review of Tannins' Biological Activities and Their Potential for Valorization. Foods 2021; 10:137. [PMID: 33440730 PMCID: PMC7827785 DOI: 10.3390/foods10010137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
During recent decades, consumers have been continuously moving towards the substitution of synthetic ingredients of the food industry by natural products, obtained from vegetal, animal or microbial sources. Additionally, a circular economy has been proposed as the most efficient production system since it allows for reducing and reutilizing different wastes. Current agriculture is responsible for producing high quantities of organic agricultural waste (e.g., discarded fruits and vegetables, peels, leaves, seeds or forestall residues), that usually ends up underutilized and accumulated, causing environmental problems. Interestingly, these agri-food by-products are potential sources of valuable bioactive molecules such as tannins. Tannins are phenolic compounds, secondary metabolites of plants widespread in terrestrial and aquatic natural environments. As they can be found in plenty of plants and herbs, they have been traditionally used for medicinal and other purposes, such as the leather industry. This fact is explained by the fact that they exert plenty of different biological activities and, thus, they entail a great potential to be used in the food, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industry. Consequently, this review article is directed towards the description of the biological activities exerted by tannins as they could be further extracted from by-products of the agri-food industry to produce high-added-value products.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Fraga-Corral
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (A.J.); (B.N.-E.)
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Campus de Santa Apolonia, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Paz Otero
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (A.J.); (B.N.-E.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago of Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Javier Echave
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (A.J.); (B.N.-E.)
| | - Paula Garcia-Oliveira
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (A.J.); (B.N.-E.)
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Campus de Santa Apolonia, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Maria Carpena
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (A.J.); (B.N.-E.)
| | - Amira Jarboui
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (A.J.); (B.N.-E.)
| | - Bernabé Nuñez-Estevez
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (A.J.); (B.N.-E.)
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Campus de Santa Apolonia, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (A.J.); (B.N.-E.)
| | - Miguel A. Prieto
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (P.O.); (J.E.); (P.G.-O.); (M.C.); (A.J.); (B.N.-E.)
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Campus de Santa Apolonia, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
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16
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The Effect of Crown Social Class on Bark Thickness and Sapwood Moisture Content in Norway Spruce. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11121316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The research study examined the effect of tree properties (crown social class, diameter at breast height (DBH), and tree height) on bark thickness (BT) and sapwood moisture content (SMC) in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.). Both examined variables were shown to be positively affected by DBH and tree height. The relationship between DBH and SMC varied among crown social classes, while the relationship between DBH and BT was relatively constant across crown social classes. Crown social class had a relatively small effect on BT and SMC, having a more pronounced effect on SMC than on BT. The relationship between tree height and BT did not vary across crown social classes, while the relationship between SMC and tree height was found to change slightly across crown social classes. Measurements of BT and SMC in the field are affordable, fast, and easy to use. Both variables could potentially be used to improve predictions of bark beetle attacks, as they reflect the physiological state of an individual tree.
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Jyske T, Brännström H, Sarjala T, Hellström J, Halmemies E, Raitanen JE, Kaseva J, Lagerquist L, Eklund P, Nurmi J. Fate of Antioxidative Compounds within Bark during Storage: A Case of Norway Spruce Logs. Molecules 2020; 25:E4228. [PMID: 32942658 PMCID: PMC7571052 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Softwood bark is an important by-product of forest industry. Currently, bark is under-utilized and mainly directed for energy production, although it can be extracted with hot water to obtain compounds for value-added use. In Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) bark, condensed tannins and stilbene glycosides are among the compounds that comprise majority of the antioxidative extractives. For developing feasible production chain for softwood bark extractives, knowledge on raw material quality is critical. This study examined the fate of spruce bark tannins and stilbenes during storage treatment with two seasonal replications (i.e., during winter and summer). In the experiment, mature logs were harvested and stored outside. During six-month-storage periods, samples were periodically collected for chemical analysis from both inner and outer bark layers. Additionally, bark extractives were analyzed for antioxidative activities by FRAP, ORAC, and H2O2 scavenging assays. According to the results, stilbenes rapidly degraded during storage, whereas tannins were more stable: only 5-7% of the original stilbene amount and ca. 30-50% of the original amount of condensed tannins were found after 24-week-storage. Summer conditions led to the faster modification of bark chemistry than winter conditions. Changes in antioxidative activity were less pronounced than those of analyzed chemical compounds, indicating that the derivatives of the compounds contribute to the antioxidative activity. The results of the assays showed that, on average, ca. 27% of the original antioxidative capacity remained 24 weeks after the onset of the storage treatment, while a large variation (2-95% of the original capacity remaining) was found between assays, seasons, and bark layers. Inner bark preserved its activities longer than outer bark, and intact bark attached to timber is expected to maintain its activities longer than a debarked one. Thus, to ensure prolonged quality, no debarking before storage is suggested: outer bark protects the inner bark, and debarking enhances the degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuula Jyske
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Tietotie 2, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland;
| | - Hanna Brännström
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Teknologiakatu 7, FI-67100 Kokkola, Finland; (H.B.); (E.H.); (J.N.)
| | - Tytti Sarjala
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Kaironiementie 15, FI-39700 Parkano, Finland;
| | - Jarkko Hellström
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Myllytie 1, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland; (J.H.); (J.K.)
| | - Eelis Halmemies
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Teknologiakatu 7, FI-67100 Kokkola, Finland; (H.B.); (E.H.); (J.N.)
| | - Jan-Erik Raitanen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Tietotie 2, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland;
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, PO Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janne Kaseva
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Myllytie 1, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland; (J.H.); (J.K.)
| | - Lucas Lagerquist
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20500 Turku, Finland; (L.L.); (P.E.)
| | - Patrik Eklund
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20500 Turku, Finland; (L.L.); (P.E.)
| | - Juha Nurmi
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Teknologiakatu 7, FI-67100 Kokkola, Finland; (H.B.); (E.H.); (J.N.)
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18
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Zhang T, Zhou H, Fu Y, Zhao Y, Yuan Z, Shao Z, Wang Z, Qin M. Short-Time Hydrothermal Treatment of Poplar Wood for the Production of a Lignin-Derived Polyphenol Antioxidant. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:4478-4486. [PMID: 32202697 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202000534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Artificial antioxidants are synthesized from fossil sources and are now widely used in the polymer, food, and cosmetics industries. The gradual depletion of fossil resources makes it practically significant and necessary to produce green antioxidants from renewable lignocellulosic resources. Herein, short-time hydrothermal (STH) treatment was developed for production of lignin-derived polyphenol antioxidants (LPAs) from poplar wood under conditions of high temperature and high pressure. LPA yields from 21.5 to 37.6 % on the basis of lignin in untreated wood were obtained by STH treatments as result of lignin depolymerization at 190-200 °C and 10 MPa in 5-8 min. Depolymerization reactions were confirmed by the much lower molecular weight of LPA (1076 g mol-1 ) than that of native lignin (4094 g mol-1 ). NMR spectroscopy revealed the structural features of lignin in the isolated LPA, namely syringyl and guaiacyl units with well-preserved interunit linkages. A Folin-Ciocalteu assay indicated that each LPA molecule contained 5.4 phenolic hydroxyl groups on average, much more than other technical lignins. The remarkable antioxidant ability of LPA was verified by the radical-scavenging index of 53.5-67.3, much higher than 0.2-11.1 of the commercial antioxidants butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). STH treatment only requires water and heat for production of high-value antioxidant, which provides a green and sustainable method for the utilization of lignocelluloses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, 3501 Daxue Rd, Changqing District, Jinan, 250353, P.R. China
| | - Hao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, 3501 Daxue Rd, Changqing District, Jinan, 250353, P.R. China
| | - Yingjuan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, 3501 Daxue Rd, Changqing District, Jinan, 250353, P.R. China
| | - Yingjie Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250353, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Zaiwu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, 3501 Daxue Rd, Changqing District, Jinan, 250353, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyong Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, 3501 Daxue Rd, Changqing District, Jinan, 250353, P.R. China
| | - Zhaojiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, 3501 Daxue Rd, Changqing District, Jinan, 250353, P.R. China
| | - Menghua Qin
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Taishan University, 525 Dongyue Street, Daiyue District, Taian, 271021, P.R. China
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Determination of Hemicellulose, Cellulose, and Lignin Content in Different Types of Biomasses by Thermogravimetric Analysis and Pseudocomponent Kinetic Model (TGA-PKM Method). Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8091048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The standard method for determining the biomass composition, in terms of main lignocellulosic fraction (hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin) contents, is by chemical method; however, it is a slow and expensive methodology, which requires complex techniques and the use of multiple chemical reagents. The main objective of this article is to provide a new efficient, low-cost and fast method for the determination of the main lignocellulosic fraction contents of different types of biomasses from agricultural by-products to softwoods and hardwoods. The method is based on applying deconvolution techniques on the derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) pyrolysis curves obtained by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) through a kinetic approach based on a pseudocomponent kinetic model (PKM). As a result, the new method (TGA-PKM) provides additional information regarding the ease of carrying out their degradation in comparison with other biomasses. The results obtained show a good agreement between experimental data from analytical procedures and the TGA-PKM method (±7%). This indicates that the TGA-PKM method can be used to have a good estimation of the content of the main lignocellulosic fractions without the need to carry out complex extraction and purification chemical treatments. In addition, the good quality of the fit obtained between the model and experimental DTG curves (R2Adj = 0.99) allows to obtain the characteristic kinetic parameters of each fraction.
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20
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Dziedzinski M, Kobus-Cisowska J, Szymanowska D, Stuper-Szablewska K, Baranowska M. Identification of Polyphenols from Coniferous Shoots as Natural Antioxidants and Antimicrobial Compounds. Molecules 2020; 25:E3527. [PMID: 32752298 PMCID: PMC7435953 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, coniferous shoots are almost absent as a food ingredient despite their wide availability in many parts of the world. The aim of the study was to assess and compare the composition of selected plant metabolites, evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of selected shoots collected in 2019 from the arboretum in Zielonka (Poland), including individual samples from Picea abies L. (PA), Larix decidua Mill (LD), Pinus sylvestris L. (PS), Pseudotsuga menziesii (PM) and Juniperus communis L. (JC). The present work has shown that aqueous extracts obtained from tested shoots are a rich source of phenols such as caffeic acid, ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and many others. Obtained extracts exhibit antioxidant and antimicrobial properties in vitro. The highest sum of the studied phenolic compounds was found in the PA sample (13,947.80 µg/g dw), while the lowest in PS (6123.57 µg/g dw). The samples were particularly rich in ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. The highest values regarding the Folin-Ciocâlteu reagent (FCR) and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) reducing ability tests, as well as the total flavonoid content assay, were obtained for the LD sample, although the LD (14.83 mg GAE/g dw) and PM (14.53 mg GAE/g dw) samples did not differ statistically in the FCR assay. With respect to free radical quenching measurements (DPPH), the PA (404.18-μM Trolox/g dw) and JC (384.30-μM Trolox/g dw) samples had the highest radical quenching ability and did not differ statistically. Generally, extracts obtained from PA and PS showed the highest antimicrobial activity against tested Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria and fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Dziedzinski
- Department of Gastronomy Science and Functional Foods, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Kobus-Cisowska
- Department of Gastronomy Science and Functional Foods, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | - Daria Szymanowska
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Swiecickiego, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Kinga Stuper-Szablewska
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Wood Technology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-625 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marlena Baranowska
- Department of Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry, University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
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