1
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Lin CF, Karlsson O, Myronycheva O, Das O, Mensah RA, Mantanis GI, Jones D, Antzutkin ON, Försth M, Sandberg D. Phosphorylated and carbamylated Kraft lignin for improving fire- and biological-resistance of Scots pine wood. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:133734. [PMID: 39002903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
In this study, Kraft lignin was modified by ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) and urea for achieving phosphorylation and carbamylation, aiming to protect wood against biological and fire attack. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) sapwood was impregnated with a water solution containing Kraft lignin, ADP, and urea, followed by heat treatment at 150 °C, resulting in changes in the properties of the Kraft lignin as well as the wood matrix. Infrared spectroscopy, 13C cross-polarisation magic-angle-spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and direct excitation single-pulse 31P MAS NMR analyses suggested the grafting reaction of phosphate and carbamylate groups onto the hydroxyl groups of Kraft lignin. Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy indicated that the condensed Kraft lignin filled the lumen as well as partially penetrating the wood cell wall. The modified Kraft lignin imparted fire-retardancy and increased char residue to the wood at elevated temperature, as confirmed by limiting oxygen index, microscale combustion calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. The modified wood exhibited superior resistance against mold and decay fungi attack under laboratory conditions. The modified wood had a similar modulus of elasticity to the unmodified wood, while experiencing a reduction in the modulus of rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Feng Lin
- Wood Science and Engineering, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, Forskargatan 1, SE-931 87 Skellefteå, Sweden.
| | - Olov Karlsson
- Wood Science and Engineering, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, Forskargatan 1, SE-931 87 Skellefteå, Sweden
| | - Olena Myronycheva
- Wood Science and Engineering, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, Forskargatan 1, SE-931 87 Skellefteå, Sweden
| | - Oisik Das
- Structural and Fire Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Rhoda Afriyie Mensah
- Structural and Fire Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - George I Mantanis
- Laboratory of Wood Science and Technology, Department of Forestry, Wood Sciences and Design, University of Thessaly, GR-431 00 Karditsa, Greece
| | - Dennis Jones
- Wood Science and Engineering, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, Forskargatan 1, SE-931 87 Skellefteå, Sweden
| | - Oleg N Antzutkin
- Chemistry of Interfaces, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Michael Försth
- Structural and Fire Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Dick Sandberg
- Wood Science and Engineering, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, Forskargatan 1, SE-931 87 Skellefteå, Sweden
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2
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Solihat NN, Purwanti T, Husna N, Oktaviani M, Zulfiana D, Fatriasari W, Nawawi DS. Capability lignin from Acacia crassicarpa black liquor as an environmentally benign antibacterial agent to produce antibacterial and hydrophobic textiles. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 413:131409. [PMID: 39226942 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Recently, the growing health awareness of society on the utilization of fabrics has led to an increasing demand for natural-based antibacterial textiles. Lignin, a generous polyphenol compound in nature, is capable of preventing bacterial growth; in particular, it dwells bacteria closely together on human skin, such as Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus subtilis, Propionibacterium acnes, and Staphylococcus aureus. However, the antibacterial properties of lignin are limited by factors such as the lignin concentration, source, and type of bacteria. This study aimed to evaluate the potency of lignin as an antibacterial agent for textiles. Moreover, the thermal properties and wettability of the textile after lignin coating were also investigated. This study showed that lignin isolation methods significantly contributed to the inhibition of bacterial growth in the clear zone diameter. In addition, the lignin structure, lignin concentration, and type of bacteria had notably different antibacterial effects. SEM images showed that lignin was successfully coated on the fiber, and the antibacterial textile was successfully fabricated with clear zones in the range of 0.1-0.5 cm against four different bacteria. Lignin did not significantly improve the thermal stability of the textile, as proven by the TGA results. After the HDTMS coating by dispersion method, the wettability of the lignin-textile improved to that of the hydrophobic material, with a contact angle greater than 119.05° with excellent antibacterial properties (clear zone of 0.1-0.43 cm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nissa Nurfajrin Solihat
- Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl Raya Bogor KM 46 Cibinong 16911, Indonesia.
| | - Try Purwanti
- Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl Raya Bogor KM 46 Cibinong 16911, Indonesia; Department of Forest Products, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Naurotul Husna
- Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl Raya Bogor KM 46 Cibinong 16911, Indonesia; Department of Forest Products, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Maulida Oktaviani
- Research Center for Applied Microbiology, Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl Raya Bogor KM 46 Cibinong, Bogor 1691, Indonesia
| | - Deni Zulfiana
- Research Center for Applied Microbiology, Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl Raya Bogor KM 46 Cibinong, Bogor 1691, Indonesia
| | - Widya Fatriasari
- Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl Raya Bogor KM 46 Cibinong 16911, Indonesia
| | - Deded Sarip Nawawi
- Department of Forest Products, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
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3
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Linan LZ, Fakhouri FM, Nogueira GF, Zoppe J, Velasco JI. Benefits of Incorporating Lignin into Starch-Based Films: A Brief Review. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2285. [PMID: 39204505 PMCID: PMC11359989 DOI: 10.3390/polym16162285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides are an excellent renewable source for developing food-packing materials. It is expected that these packages can be an efficient barrier against oxygen; can reduce lipid peroxidation, and can retain the natural aroma of a food commodity. Starch has tremendous potential to be explored in the preparation of food packaging; however, due to their high hydrophilic nature, packaging films produced from starch possess poor protective moisture barriers and low mechanical properties. This scenario limits their applications, especially in humid conditions. In contrast, lignin's highly complex aromatic hetero-polymer network of phenylpropane units is known to play a filler role in polysaccharide films. Moreover, lignin can limit the biodegradability of polysaccharides films by a physical barrier, mainly, and by non-productive bindings. The main interactions affecting lignin non-productive bindings are hydrophobic interactions, electrostatic interactions, and hydrogen-bonding interactions, which are dependent on the total phenolic -OH and -COOH content in its chemical structure. In this review, the use of lignin as a reinforcement to improve the biodegradability of starch-based films in wet environments is presented. Moreover, the characteristics of the used lignins, the mechanisms of molecular interaction among these materials, and the sensitive physicochemical parameters for biodegradability detection are related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamia Zuniga Linan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Maranhão (COEQ/UFMA), Av. dos Portugueses 1966, São Luis 65080-805, Brazil
| | - Farayde Matta Fakhouri
- Poly2 Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC Barcelona Tech), Carrer de Colom 11, 08222 Terrassa-Barcelona, Spain; (J.Z.); (J.I.V.)
| | | | - Justin Zoppe
- Poly2 Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC Barcelona Tech), Carrer de Colom 11, 08222 Terrassa-Barcelona, Spain; (J.Z.); (J.I.V.)
| | - José Ignacio Velasco
- Poly2 Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC Barcelona Tech), Carrer de Colom 11, 08222 Terrassa-Barcelona, Spain; (J.Z.); (J.I.V.)
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4
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Atakpa EO, Yan B, Okon SU, Liu Q, Zhang D, Zhang C. Asynchronous application of modified biochar and exogenous fungus Scedosporium sp. ZYY for enhanced degradation of oil-contaminated intertidal mudflat sediment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:20637-20650. [PMID: 38383925 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32419-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Intertidal mudflats are susceptible to oil pollution due to their proximity to discharges from industries, accidental spills from marine shipping activities, oil drilling, pipeline seepages, and river outflows. The experimental study was divided into two periods. In the first period, microcosm trials were carried out to examine the effect of chemically modified biochar on biological hydrocarbon removal from sediments. The modified biochar's surface area increased from 2.544 to 25.378 m2/g, followed by a corresponding increase in the hydrogen-carbon and oxygen-carbon ratio, indicating improved stability and polarity. In the second period, the effect of exogenous fungus - Scedoporium sp. ZYY on the bacterial community structure was examined in relation to total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) removal. The maximum TPH removal efficiency of 82.4% was achieved in treatments with the modified biochar, followed by a corresponding increase in Fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis activity. Furthermore, high-throughput 16S RNA gene sequencing employed to identify changes in the bacterial community of the original sediment and treatments before and after fungal inoculation revealed Proteobacteria as the dominant phylum. In addition, it was observed that Scedoporium sp. ZYY promoted the proliferation of specific TPH-degraders, particularly, Hyphomonas adhaerens which accounted for 77% of the total degrading populations in treatments where TPH removal was highest. Findings in this study provide valuable insights into the effect of modified biochar and the fundamental role of exogenous fungus towards the effective degradation of oil-contaminated intertidal mudflat sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edidiong Okokon Atakpa
- Institute of Marine Biology and Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bozhi Yan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541006, China
| | - Samuel Ukpong Okon
- Institute of Port, Coastal, and Offshore Engineering, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316021, China
- Suzhou Industrial Technological Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Suzhou, 215163, China
| | - Qing Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541006, China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- Institute of Marine Biology and Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunfang Zhang
- Institute of Marine Biology and Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316021, Zhejiang, China.
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5
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Diment D, Tkachenko O, Schlee P, Kohlhuber N, Potthast A, Budnyak TM, Rigo D, Balakshin M. Study toward a More Reliable Approach to Elucidate the Lignin Structure-Property-Performance Correlation. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:200-212. [PMID: 38112036 PMCID: PMC10777350 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
The correlation between lignin structure, its properties, and performance is crucial for lignin engineering in high-value products. Currently, a widespread approach is to compare lignins which differ by more than one parameter (i.e., Kraft vs organosolv vs lignosulfonates) in various applications by attributing the changes in their properties/performance specifically to a certain variable (i.e., phenolic -OH groups). Herein, we suggest a novel approach to overcome this issue by changing only one variable at a time while keeping all others constant before investigating the lignin properties/performance. Indulin AT (Ind-AT), a softwood Kraft lignin, was chosen as the model substrate for this study. Selective (analytical) lignin modifications were used to mask/convert specific functionalities, such as aliphatic (AliphOH) including benzylic -OH (BenzOH) and phenolic -OH (PhOH) groups, carboxyl groups (-COOH) and carbonyl groups (CO) via methylation, acetylation, and reduction. The selectivity and completeness of the reactions were verified by comprehensive NMR analysis (31P and 2D HSQC) of the modified preparations together with state-of-the-art molar mass (MM) characterization. Methylene blue (MB) adsorption, antioxidant activity, and glass transition temperature (Tg) were used to demonstrate and compare the properties/performance of the obtained modified lignins. We found that the contribution of different functionalities in the adsorption of MB follows the trend BenzOH > -COOH > AlipOH > PhOH. Noteworthy, benzylic -OH contributes ca. 3 and 2.3 times more than phenolic and aliphatic -OH, respectively. An 11% and 17% increase of Tg was observed with respect to the unmodified Indulin by methylating benzylic -OH groups and through reduction, respectively, while full acetylation/methylation of aliphatic and phenolic -OH groups resulted in lower Tg. nRSI experiments revealed that phenolic -OH play a crucial role in increasing the antioxidant activity of lignin, while both aliphatic -OH groups and -COOHs possess a detrimental effect, most likely due to H-bonding. Overall, for the first time, we provide here a reliable approach for the engineering of lignin-based products in high value applications by disclosing the role of specific lignin functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daryna Diment
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Oleg Tkachenko
- Division
of Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Materials
Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, 751 03, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Philipp Schlee
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Nadine Kohlhuber
- Institute
of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
(BOKU), 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Antje Potthast
- Institute
of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
(BOKU), 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Tetyana M. Budnyak
- Division
of Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Materials
Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, 751 03, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Davide Rigo
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Mikhail Balakshin
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland
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6
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Phuong TN, Duy Tai N, Aloufi AS, Subramani B, Theivaraj SD. An in-vitro evaluation of antifungal, anti-lungcancer (A549), and anti-hyperglycemic activities potential of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) flower extract. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 238:117249. [PMID: 37783331 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
The medical plant research has received more attention among researchers especially after the Covid-19 pandemic. This research performed to evaluate the antifungal, anti-lung cancer (A549), and anti-hyperglycemic activities of aqueous extract of Andrographis paniculata flower. Interestingly, A. paniculata flower aqueous extract contains pharmaceutically valuable phytochemicals such as alkaloid, phenolics, terpenoids, tannins, flavonoids, and protein. It also showed fine antifungal activity against test fungal pathogens in the following order as: Aspergillus niger > Fusarium solani > Trichoderma harzianum > A. parasiticus > P. expansum > Penicillium janthinellum with lowest MIC values as ranged from 100 to 300 μg mL-1. Interestingly, this aqueous extract also showed considerable anti-lung cancer activity, evidenced by dose and time dependent lung cancer cell line (A549) growth/proliferation inhibition/cytotoxicity activity (65%) at 300 μg mL-1 concentration. This can be achieved by plant extract through inducing the secretion of apoptosis related proteins such as TNF α, IFN-γ, and ınterleukin 2 leads to apoptosis in A549 cells. It also showed fine anti-diabetic activity by inhibiting α -amylase (58.41%) than α-glucosidase (54.74%) at 200 μg mL-1 concentration. The UV as well as FTIR results demonstrated that the aqueous extract of A. paniculata flower contains pharmaceutically valuable bioactive compounds, which may be responsible for the wide range of biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Nhat Phuong
- Faculty of Medicine, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Nguyen Duy Tai
- Faculty of Nursing and Medical Laboratory, HUTECH University, Vietnam
| | - Abeer S Aloufi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Baskaran Subramani
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mays Cancer Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Sridevi Dhanarani Theivaraj
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India.
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7
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Zheng Y, Michalek L, Liu Q, Wu Y, Kim H, Sayavong P, Yu W, Zhong D, Zhao C, Yu Z, Chiong JA, Gong H, Ji X, Liu D, Zhang S, Prine N, Zhang Z, Wang W, Tok JBH, Gu X, Cui Y, Kang J, Bao Z. Environmentally stable and stretchable polymer electronics enabled by surface-tethered nanostructured molecular-level protection. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 18:1175-1184. [PMID: 37322142 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01418-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable polymer semiconductors (PSCs) are essential for soft stretchable electronics. However, their environmental stability remains a longstanding concern. Here we report a surface-tethered stretchable molecular protecting layer to realize stretchable polymer electronics that are stable in direct contact with physiological fluids, containing water, ions and biofluids. This is achieved through the covalent functionalization of fluoroalkyl chains onto a stretchable PSC film surface to form densely packed nanostructures. The nanostructured fluorinated molecular protection layer (FMPL) improves the PSC operational stability over an extended period of 82 days and maintains its protection under mechanical deformation. We attribute the ability of FMPL to block water absorption and diffusion to its hydrophobicity and high fluorination surface density. The protection effect of the FMPL (~6 nm thickness) outperforms various micrometre-thick stretchable polymer encapsulants, leading to a stable PSC charge carrier mobility of ~1 cm2 V-1 s-1 in harsh environments such as in 85-90%-humidity air for 56 days or in water or artificial sweat for 42 days (as a benchmark, the unprotected PSC mobility degraded to 10-6 cm2 V-1 s-1 in the same period). The FMPL also improved the PSC stability against photo-oxidative degradation in air. Overall, we believe that our surface tethering of the nanostructured FMPL is a promising approach to achieve highly environmentally stable and stretchable polymer electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lukas Michalek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Qianhe Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yilei Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hyunjun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Philaphon Sayavong
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Weilai Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Donglai Zhong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chuanzhen Zhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zhiao Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jerika A Chiong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Huaxin Gong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xiaozhou Ji
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Deyu Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nathaniel Prine
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Zhitao Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Weichen Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey B-H Tok
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xiaodan Gu
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Yi Cui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jiheong Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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8
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Yong KJ, Wu TY. Recent advances in the application of alcohols in extracting lignin with preserved β-O-4 content from lignocellulosic biomass. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 384:129238. [PMID: 37245662 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing lignocellulosic biomass wastes to produce bioproducts is essential to address the reliance on depleting fossil fuels. However, lignin is often treated as a low-value-added component in lignocellulosic wastes. Valorization of lignin into value-added products is crucial to improve the economic competitiveness of lignocellulosic biorefinery. Monomers obtained from lignin depolymerization could be upgraded into fuel-related products. However, lignins obtained from conventional methods are low in β-O-4 content and, therefore, unsuitable for monomer production. Recent literature has demonstrated that lignins extracted with alcohol-based solvents exhibit preserved structures with high β-O-4 content. This review discusses the recent advances in utilizing alcohols to extract β-O-4-rich lignin, where discussion based on different alcohol groups is considered. Emerging strategies in employing alcohols for β-O-4-rich lignin extraction, including alcohol-based deep eutectic solvent, flow-through fractionation, and microwave-assisted fractionation, are reviewed. Finally, strategies for recycling or utilizing the spent alcohol solvents are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khai Jie Yong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Ta Yeong Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Monash-Industry Plant Oils Research Laboratory (MIPO), School of Engineering, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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9
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Antonino L, Sumerskii I, Potthast A, Rosenau T, Felisberti MI, dos Santos DJ. Lignin-Based Polyurethanes from the Blocked Isocyanate Approach: Synthesis and Characterization. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:27621-27633. [PMID: 37546644 PMCID: PMC10398858 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Lignin, the world's second most abundant biopolymer, has been investigated as a precursor of polyurethanes due to its high availability and large amount of hydroxyls present in its structure. Lignin-based polyurethanes (LPUs) are usually synthesized from the reaction between lignin, previously modified or not, and diisocyanates. In the present work, LPUs were prepared, for the first time, using the blocked isocyanate approach. For that, unmodified and hydroxypropylated Kraft lignins were reacted with 4,4'-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate in the presence of diisopropylamine (blocking agent). Castor oil was employed as a second polyol. The chemical modification was confirmed by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (31P NMR) analysis, and the structure of both lignins was elucidated by a bidimensional NMR technique. The LPUs' prepolymerization kinetics was investigated by temperature-modulated optical refractometry and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The positive effect of hydroxypropylation on the reactivity of the Kraft lignin was verified. The structure of LPU prepolymers was accessed by bidimensional NMR. The formation of hindered urea-terminated LPU prepolymers was confirmed. From the results, the feasibility of the blocked isocyanate approach to obtain LPUs was proven. Lastly, single-lap shear tests were performed and revealed the potential of LPU prepolymers as monocomponent adhesives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo
D. Antonino
- Nanoscience
and Advanced Materials Graduate Program (PPG-nano), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Ivan Sumerskii
- Department
of Chemistry, Division of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Antje Potthast
- Department
of Chemistry, Division of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Thomas Rosenau
- Department
of Chemistry, Division of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Maria Isabel Felisberti
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6154, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Demetrio J. dos Santos
- Nanoscience
and Advanced Materials Graduate Program (PPG-nano), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André 09210-580, Brazil
- Center
of Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André 09210-580, Brazil
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10
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Greene C, Beaman HT, Stinfort D, Ramezani M, Monroe MBB. Antimicrobial PVA Hydrogels with Tunable Mechanical Properties and Antimicrobial Release Profiles. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14040234. [PMID: 37103324 PMCID: PMC10146720 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14040234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels are broadly employed in wound healing applications due to their high water content and tissue-mimicking mechanical properties. Healing is hindered by infection in many types of wound, including Crohn's fistulas, tunneling wounds that form between different portions of the digestive system in Crohn's disease patients. Owing to the rise of drug-resistant infections, alternate approaches are required to treat wound infections beyond traditional antibiotics. To address this clinical need, we designed a water-responsive shape memory polymer (SMP) hydrogel, with natural antimicrobials in the form of phenolic acids (PAs), for potential use in wound filling and healing. The shape memory properties could allow for implantation in a low-profile shape, followed by expansion and would filling, while the PAs provide localized delivery of antimicrobials. Here, we developed a urethane-crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel with cinnamic (CA), p-coumaric (PCA), and caffeic (Ca-A) acid chemically or physically incorporated at varied concentrations. We examined the effects of incorporated PAs on antimicrobial, mechanical, and shape memory properties, and on cell viability. Materials with physically incorporated PAs showed improved antibacterial properties with lower biofilm formation on hydrogel surfaces. Both modulus and elongation at break could be increased simultaneously in hydrogels after both forms of PA incorporation. Cellular response in terms of initial viability and growth over time varied based on PA structure and concentration. Shape memory properties were not negatively affected by PA incorporation. These PA-containing hydrogels with antimicrobial properties could provide a new option for wound filling, infection control, and healing. Furthermore, PA content and structure provide novel tools for tuning material properties independently of network chemistry, which could be harnessed in a range of materials systems and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlyn Greene
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, BioInspired Syracuse: Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Henry T Beaman
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, BioInspired Syracuse: Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Darnelle Stinfort
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, BioInspired Syracuse: Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Maryam Ramezani
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, BioInspired Syracuse: Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Mary Beth B Monroe
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, BioInspired Syracuse: Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
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11
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Kairytė A, Šeputytė-Jucikė J, Członka S, Vėjelis S, Vaitkus S. Impact of Different Ratios of Lignin Waste and Liquid Glass on the Performance Characteristics of Biopolyurethane Foams. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15040818. [PMID: 36850102 PMCID: PMC9959299 DOI: 10.3390/polym15040818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current study, biopolyurethane foam was modified with 2.5-10 wt.% lignin waste (LigW) and liquid glass (LG)-modified LigW particles at different LigW/LG ratios-1:1 and 1:2-and their impact on performance characteristics-i.e., rheology, foaming times, apparent density, thermal conductivity before and after aging, dimensional stability at ambient and elevated conditions, compressive and tensile strengths, short-term water absorption by partial immersion, and water vapor permeability-was determined and evaluated. Structural analysis was implemented and structural parameters were taken into consideration as well. During the study, it was determined that 2.5-10 wt.% particles at the LigW/LG ratio of 1:2 showed a superior impact on the physical and mechanical properties of bioPUR foams. The apparent density only insignificantly increased and was in a density range suitable for commercially available polyurethanes. For particles at 10 wt.% and LigW/LG ratio of 1:1, the thermal conductivity value improved by 3.2%, the compressive strength increased by 153%, while the tensile strength improved by 23.5%, indicating sufficient interfacial adhesion between the filler and polymer matrix. Moreover, the short-term water absorption by partial immersion remained almost unchanged, while the water vapour diffusion resistance factor improved from 43 to 48. Additionally, the incorporation of LigW/LG 1:1 and LigW/LG 1:2 particles made it possible to obtain dimensionally and structurally stable closed-cell bioPUR foams for possible application as thermal insulation in building envelopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnė Kairytė
- Laboratory of Thermal Insulating Materials and Acoustics, Institute of Building Materials, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Linkmenų st. 28, 08217 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Correspondence:
| | - Jurga Šeputytė-Jucikė
- Laboratory of Thermal Insulating Materials and Acoustics, Institute of Building Materials, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Linkmenų st. 28, 08217 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Sylwia Członka
- Institute of Polymer & Dye Technology, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Sigitas Vėjelis
- Laboratory of Thermal Insulating Materials and Acoustics, Institute of Building Materials, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Linkmenų st. 28, 08217 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Saulius Vaitkus
- Laboratory of Thermal Insulating Materials and Acoustics, Institute of Building Materials, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Linkmenų st. 28, 08217 Vilnius, Lithuania
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12
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Li C, An X, Ren Q, Liu L, Long Y, Zhang H, Yang J, Nie S, Tian Z, Yang G, Cheng Z, Cao H, Liu H. Nanogrinding/ethanol activation facilitating lignin fractionation for preparation of monodispersed lignin nanoparticles. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 227:608-618. [PMID: 36495988 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lignin nanoparticles (LNPs), as one of green and sustainable biological macromolecules, have attracted great attention owing to their promising potentials in many valorized fields. However, the lignin heterogeneity seriously restricts the controllable preparation of LNPs. Herein, a facile nanogrinding activation combining anhydrous ethanol dissolution process was developed to efficiently homogenize lignin prior to gradient ethanol fractionation. Two lignin fractions were obtained from nanogrinding activation/ethanol dissolution followed by gradient ethanol fractionation: L-fractions and S-fractions. Therefore, monodispersed LNPs with unique concave hollow nanostructure and large particle size, and monodispersed LNPs with solid core nanostructure and small particle size were successfully prepared from L-fractions and S-fractions, respectively, via a GVL/water anti-solvent method. The proposed LNPs formation mechanisms facilitated by nanogrinding activation/ethanol dissolution treatment were demonstrated. This study put forwards a facile and green integrated approach for monodispersed LNPs preparation with controllable morphology and particle size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13(th) Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Xingye An
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13(th) Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada.
| | - Qian Ren
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13(th) Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Liqin Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13(th) Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Yinying Long
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13(th) Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13(th) Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Jian Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13(th) Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Shuangxi Nie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Zhongjian Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, PR China
| | - Guihua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, PR China
| | - Zhengbai Cheng
- Zhejiang Jing Xing Paper Joint Stock Co., Ltd., No. 1, Jing Xing Industry Zone, Jing Xing First Road, Caoqiao Street, Pinghu, Zhejiang Province 314214, PR China
| | - Haibing Cao
- Zhejiang Jing Xing Paper Joint Stock Co., Ltd., No. 1, Jing Xing Industry Zone, Jing Xing First Road, Caoqiao Street, Pinghu, Zhejiang Province 314214, PR China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13(th) Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China.
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13
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Wibowo ES, Park BD. The role of acetone-fractionated Kraft lignin molecular structure on surface adhesion to formaldehyde-based resins. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 225:1449-1461. [PMID: 36436598 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
One of the key strategies for valorizing kraft lignin (KL) into value-added products such as bio-based adhesives is to perform solvent fractionation of KL to produce lignin with improved homogeneity. Understanding the structure and properties of fractionated KL will aid in the selection of the best samples for certain applications. In this study, acetone-fractionated KL from softwood and hardwood was characterized to understand its chemical structure, elemental composition, molecular weight, and thermal properties. The results revealed that acetone-insoluble KL (AIKL) fractions from softwood and hardwood have greater molecular weight, polydispersity, glass temperature, carbohydrate content, aliphatic hydroxyl groups, and a variety of native wood lignin side chains. In contrast, acetone-soluble KL (ASKL) fractions have a significantly lower molecular weight and polydispersity, a lower glass-transition temperature, a more condensed structure, more aromatic hydroxyl groups, and fewer native wood lignin side chains. In addition, the ASKL samples demonstrated stronger adhesive force and work of adhesion toward phenol-formaldehyde (PF) and urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins than the AIKL samples, regardless of the lignin source. These findings suggest that ASKL has great potential as a substitute for phenol in PF resins and as a green additive to reinforce UF resins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eko Setio Wibowo
- Department of Wood and Paper Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Dae Park
- Department of Wood and Paper Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Kruželák J, Hložeková K, Kvasničáková A, Džuganová M, Hronkovič J, Preťo J, Hudec I. Calcium-Lignosulfonate-Filled Rubber Compounds Based on NBR with Enhanced Physical-Mechanical Characteristics. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14245356. [PMID: 36559723 PMCID: PMC9786110 DOI: 10.3390/polym14245356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium lignosulfonate in the amount 30 phr was incorporated into rubber compounds based on pure NBR and an NBR carbon black batch, in which the content of carbon black was 25 phr. Glycerine, as a cheap and environmentally friendly plasticizer, was applied into both types of rubber formulations in a concentration scale ranging from 5 to 20 phr. For the cross-linking of rubber compounds, a sulfur-based curing system was used. The work was aimed at the investigation of glycerine content on the curing process and rheological properties of rubber compounds, cross-link density, morphology and physical-mechanical properties of vulcanizates. The results show that glycerine influences the shapes of curing isotherms and results in a significant decrease between the maximum and minimum torque. This points to the strong plasticizing effect of glycerine on rubber compounds, which was also confirmed from rheological measurements. The application of glycerine resulted in better homogeneity of the rubber compounds and in the better dispersion and distribution of lignosulfonate within the rubber matrix, which was subsequently reflected in the significant improvement of tensile characteristics of vulcanizates. A higher cross-link density as well as better physical-mechanical properties were exhibited by the vulcanizates based on the carbon black batch due to the presence of a reinforcing filler.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ján Kruželák
- Department of Plastics, Rubber and Fibres, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Correspondence:
| | - Klaudia Hložeková
- Department of Plastics, Rubber and Fibres, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Kvasničáková
- Department of Plastics, Rubber and Fibres, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michaela Džuganová
- Department of Plastics, Rubber and Fibres, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ján Hronkovič
- VIPO a.s., Gen. Svobodu 1069/4, 958 01 Partizánske, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Preťo
- VIPO a.s., Gen. Svobodu 1069/4, 958 01 Partizánske, Slovakia
| | - Ivan Hudec
- Department of Plastics, Rubber and Fibres, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
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15
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PHB Processability and Property Improvement with Linear-Chain Polyester Oligomers Used as Plasticizers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194197. [PMID: 36236144 PMCID: PMC9573169 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2021, global petroleum-based plastic production reached over 400 million metric tons (Mt), and the accumulation of these non-biodegradable plastics in the environment is a worldwide concern. Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) offers many advantages over traditional petroleum-based plastics, being biobased, completely biodegradable, and non-toxic. However, its production and use are still challenging due to its low deformation capacity and narrow processing window. In this work, two linear-chain polyester oligomers were used as plasticizers to improve the processability and properties of PHB. Thermal analyses, XRD, and polarized optical microscopy were performed to evaluate the plasticizing effect on the PHB and the reflection on the mechanical behavior. Both oligomers acted as PHB plasticizers, with a reduction in Tg and Tm as a function of the plasticizer concentration, which can make it easier to handle the material in thermal processing and reduce the probability of thermal degradation. Plasticizer 2 proved to be the most promising between the two with an optimized condition of 20%, in which there was a decrease in elastic modulus of up to 72% and an increase in the maximum elongation of 467%.
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16
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A scalable and simple lignin-based polymer for ultra-efficient flocculation and sterilization. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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17
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Alizadeh H, MacIver MR, Pawlik M. Release of bitumen from mature fine tailings in presence of a polymeric dispersant. CAN J CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.24518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Alizadeh
- Norman B. Keevil Institute of Mining Engineering The University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Michael R. MacIver
- Norman B. Keevil Institute of Mining Engineering The University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Marek Pawlik
- Norman B. Keevil Institute of Mining Engineering The University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
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18
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Reactivity of Waterlogged Archeological Elm Wood with Organosilicon Compounds Applied as Wood Consolidants: 2D 1H- 13C Solution-State NMR Studies. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113407. [PMID: 35684343 PMCID: PMC9181845 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Some organosilicon compounds, including alkoxysilanes and siloxanes, proved effective in stabilizing the dimensions of waterlogged archaeological wood during drying, which is essential in the conservation process of ancient artifacts. However, it was difficult to determine a strong correlation between the wood stabilizing effect and the properties of organosilicon compounds, such as molecular weight and size, weight percent gain, and the presence of other potentially reactive groups. Therefore, to better understand the mechanism behind the stabilization effectiveness, the reactivity of organosilicons with wood polymers was studied using a 2D 1H–13C solution-state NMR technique. The results showed an extensive modification of lignin through its demethoxylation and decarbonylation and also the absence of the native cellulose anomeric peak in siloxane-treated wood. The most substantial reactivity between wood polymers and organosilicon was observed with the (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane treatment, showing complete removal of lignin side chains, the lowest syringyl/guaiacyl ratio, depolymerization of cellulose and xylan, and reactivity with the C6 primary hydroxyls in cellulose. This may explain the outstanding stabilizing effectiveness of this silane and supports the conclusion that extensive chemical interactions are essential in this process. It also indicates the vital role of a mercapto group in wood stabilization by organosilicons. This 2D NMR technique sheds new light on the chemical mechanisms involved in organosilicon consolidation of wood and reveals what chemical characteristics are essential in developing future conservation treatments.
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19
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Studying the Suitability of Nineteen Lignins as Partial Polyol Replacement in Rigid Polyurethane/Polyisocyanurate Foam. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27082535. [PMID: 35458731 PMCID: PMC9030922 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, nineteen unmodified lignins from various sources (hardwood, softwood, wheat straw, and corn stover) and isolation processes (kraft, soda, organosolv, sulfite, and enzymatic hydrolysis) were used to replace 30 wt.% of petroleum-based polyol in rigid polyurethane/polyisocyanurate (PUR/PIR) foam formulations. Lignin samples were characterized by measuring their ash content, hydroxyl content (Phosphorus Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy), impurities (Inductively Coupled Plasma), and pH. After foam formulation, properties of lignin-based foams were evaluated and compared with a control foam (with no lignin) via cell morphology, closed-cell content, compression strength, apparent density, thermal conductivity, and color analysis. Lignin-based foams passed all measured standard specifications required by ASTM International C1029-15 for type 1 rigid insulation foams, except for three foams. These three foams had poor compressive strengths, significantly larger cell sizes, darker color, lower closed-cell contents, and slower foaming times. The foam made with corn stover enzymatic hydrolysis lignin showed no significant difference from the control foam in terms of compressive strength and outperformed all other lignin-based foams due to its higher aliphatic and p-hydroxyphenyl hydroxyl contents. Lignin-based foams that passed all required performance testing were made with lignins having higher pH, potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, and aliphatic/p-hydroxyphenyl hydroxyl group contents than those that failed.
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20
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Lignin-enriched residues from bioethanol production: Chemical characterization, isocyanate functionalization and oil structuring properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 195:412-423. [PMID: 34871659 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lignin-enriched waste products from bioethanol production of agriculture residues were tested as structuring agents in castor oil once functionalized with hexamethylene diisocyanate. Cane bagasse, barley and wheat straw were processed through steam explosion, pre-saccharification and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (PSSF). Alternatively, cane bagasse was submitted to steam explosion and enzymatic hydrolysis (EH). Several Nuclear Magnetic Resonance techniques were used to characterize both residues and NCO-functionalized counterparts. The β-O-4'/resinol/phenylcoumaran content and hydroxyphenyl/guaiacyl/syringyl distribution depend on biomass source, pretreatment, and enzymatic hydrolysis. Total hydroxyl content (from 1.23 for cane bagasse to 1.85 for wheat straw residues), aromatic/aliphatic hydroxyl ratio (0.78 for cane bagasse and 0.61 and 0.49 for barley and wheat straw residues, respectively) and S/G ratio (ranging from 0.25 to 0.86) influence the NCO-functionalization and oleogel rheological response. Oleogels obtained with barley straw residues exhibited the highest values of the storage modulus; around 2 × 105 Pa and 104 Pa for 25% and 20% contents, respectively. PSSF process showed weaker modification, leading to softer viscoelastic response compared to EH. These oleogels exhibited rheological properties similar to lubricating greases of different NLGI grades. Therefore, we herein show an integrative protocol for the valorization of lignin-enriched residues from bioethanol production as potential thickeners of lubricating greases.
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21
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Yan Q, Ketelboeter T, Cai Z. Production of COx-Free Hydrogen and Few-Layer Graphene Nanoplatelets by Catalytic Decomposition of Methane over Ni-Lignin-Derived Nanoparticles. Molecules 2022; 27:503. [PMID: 35056818 PMCID: PMC8777900 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nickel (Ni)-lignin nanocomposites were synthesized from nickel nitrate and kraft lignin then catalytically graphitized to few-layer graphene-encapsulated nickel nanoparticles (Ni@G). Ni@G nanoparticles were used for catalytic decomposition of methane (CDM) to produce COx-free hydrogen and graphene nanoplatelets. Ni@G showed high catalytic activity for methane decomposition at temperatures of 800 to 900 °C and exhibited long-term stability of 600 min time-on-stream (TOS) without apparent deactivation. The catalytic stability may be attributed to the nickel dispersion in the Ni@G sample. During the CDM reaction process, graphene shells over Ni@G nanoparticles were cracked and peeled off the nickel cores at high temperature. Both the exposed nickel nanoparticles and the cracked graphene shells may participate the CDM reaction, making Ni@G samples highly active for CDM reaction. The vacancy defects and edges in the cracked graphene shells serve as the active sites for methane decomposition. The edges are continuously regenerated by methane molecules through CDM reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangu Yan
- Ligwood LLC, Madison, WI 53719-2380, USA
| | - Timothy Ketelboeter
- Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, WI 53726-2398, USA
| | - Zhiyong Cai
- Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, WI 53726-2398, USA
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22
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Abbas AH, Pourafshary P, Wan Sulaiman WR, Jaafar MZ, Nyakuma BB. Toward Reducing Surfactant Adsorption on Clay Minerals by Lignin for Enhanced Oil Recovery Application. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:18651-18662. [PMID: 34337204 PMCID: PMC8319929 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The significant loss of surfactants during reservoir flooding is a challenge in oil field operations. The presence of clay minerals affects the surfactant performance, resulting in surfactant losses. This is because the mineralogical composition of the reservoir results in unpredicted adsorption quantity. Therefore, this paper seeks to investigate Aerosol-OT's adsorption on different quartz/clay mineral compositions during the flow. Also, it investigates adsorption mitigation by preflushing with lignin. The dynamic experiments were conducted on sand packs composed of quartz-sand and up to a 7% clay mineral content. The results obtained from the surfactant losses were compared with/without lignin preflush at different pH values. The main observation was the direct relationship between increasing the composition of clay minerals and the surfactant pore volume required to overcome the adsorption. The highest adsorption calculated was 46 g/kg for 7% kaolinite. Moreover, lignin successfully reduced the adsorption of Aerosol-OT by 60%. Therefore, the results demonstrate that the effects of the clay mineral content on adsorption could be efficiently minimized using lignin at a high pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza Hashim Abbas
- School
of Mining and Geosciences, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
- School
of Engineering, Department of Petroleum Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
| | - Peyman Pourafshary
- School
of Mining and Geosciences, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Wan Rosli Wan Sulaiman
- School
of Engineering, Department of Petroleum Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zaidi Jaafar
- School
of Engineering, Department of Petroleum Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
| | - Bemgba B. Nyakuma
- Research
Initiative for Sustainable Energy Technologies, North-Bank, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
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