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Hua Y, Vikrant K, Kim KH, Heynderickx PM, Boukhvalov DW. Low-temperature thermocatalytic removal of formaldehyde in air using copper manganite spinels. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 255:119186. [PMID: 38777297 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The removal of formaldehyde (FA) is vital for indoor air quality management in light of its carcinogenic propensity and adverse environmental impact. A series of copper manganite spinel structures (e.g., CuMn2O4) are prepared using the sol-gel combustion method and treated with reduction or oxidation pretreatment at 300 °C condition. Accordingly, CuMn2O4-O ("O" suffix for oxidation pre-treatment in air) is identified as the best performer to achieve 100% conversion (XFA) of FA (50 ppm) at 90 °C; its performance, if assessed in terms of reaction kinetic rate (r) at XFA = 10%, is 5.02E-03 mmol g-1 h-1. The FA removal performance increases systematically with decreases in flow rate, FA concentration, and relative humidity (RH) or with increases in bed mass. The reaction pathways and intermediates of FA catalytic oxidation on CuMn2O4-A are studied with density functional theory simulations, temperature-programmed characterization experiments, and in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy. The synergistic combination of large quantities of adsorbed oxygen (OA) species and oxidized metal species (e.g., Cu2+) contribute to the enhanced catalytic performance of CuMn2O4-O to oxidize FA into CO2 with the reaction intermediates of H2CO2 (DOM), HCOO-, and CO. The present study is expected to provide valuable insights into the thermocatalytic oxidation of FA over spinel CuMn2O4 materials and their catalytic performances in relation to the key process variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbiao Hua
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Kumar Vikrant
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Philippe M Heynderickx
- Center for Green Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology (GREAT), Engineering of Materials Via Catalysis and Characterization, Ghent University Global Campus, 119-5 Songdo Munhwa-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 406-840, Republic of Korea; Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Danil W Boukhvalov
- College of Science, Institute of Materials Physics and Chemistry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China; Institute of Physics and Technology, Ural Federal University, Mira Street 19, 620002, Yekaterinburg, Russia
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2
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Wang J, Vikrant K, Younis SA, Kim KH, Heynderickx PM. Low-temperature oxidative removal of benzene from the air using titanium carbide (MXene)-Supported platinum catalysts. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 350:141114. [PMID: 38184080 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
MXenes are an emerging class of two-dimensional (2D) inorganic materials with great potential for versatile applications such as adsorption and catalysis. Here, we describe the synthesis of a platinized titanium carbide MXene (Pt@Ti3C2) catalyst with varying amounts of platinum (0.1%-2 wt.%) for the low-temperature oxidation of benzene, an aromatic volatile organic compound often found in industrial flue gas. A 1% formulation of Pt@Ti3C2-R allowed near-complete (97%) oxidation of benzene to CO2 at 225 °C with a steady-state reaction rate (r) of 0.119 mol g-1·h-1. This low-temperature catalytic oxidation reaction was promoted by an increase in the lattice oxygen (O*)/Pt2+ species (active sites) of 1%Pt@Ti3C2-R from 45.3/34.6% to 71.0/61.1% through pre-thermal reduction under H2 flow, as revealed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, temperature-programmed reduction, and in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy analyses. The cataltyic activity of 1% Pt@Ti3C2-R against benzene was assessed under the control of the key process variables (e.g., catalyst mass, flow rate, benzene concentration, relative humidity, and time-on-stream) to help optimize the oxidation reaction process. The results provide new insights into the use of platinum-based 2D MXene catalysts for low-temperature oxidative removal of benzene from the air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapeng Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Kumar Vikrant
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sherif A Younis
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea; Analysis and Evaluation Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, Cairo, 11727, Egypt
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Philippe M Heynderickx
- Center for Environmental and Energy Research (CEER), Engineering of Materials via Catalysis and Characterization, Ghent University Global Campus, 119-5 Songdo Munhwa-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 406-840, Republic of Korea; Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
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3
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Najafi H, Golrokh Sani A, Sobati MA. Thermogravimetric and thermo-kinetic analysis of sugarcane bagasse pith: a comparative evaluation with other sugarcane residues. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2076. [PMID: 38267497 PMCID: PMC10808550 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52500-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, thermogravimetric and thermo-kinetic analysis of sugarcane bagasse pith (S.B.P.) were performed using a robust suite of experiments and kinetic analyses, along with a comparative evaluation on the thermo-kinetic characteristics of two other major sugarcane residues, namely sugarcane straw (S.C.S.) and sugarcane bagasse (S.C.B.). The thermogravimetric analysis evaluated the pyrolysis behavior of these residues at different heating rates in a nitrogen atmosphere. The Kissinger, advanced non-linear isoconversional (ANIC), and Friedman methods were employed to obtain effective activation energies. Moreover, the compensation effect theory (CE) and combined kinetic analysis (CKA) were used to determine the pre-exponential factor and pyrolysis kinetic model. Friedman's method findings indicated that the average activation energies of S.C.S., S.C.B., and S.B.P. are 188, 170, and 151 kJ/mol, respectively. The results of the ANIC method under the integral step Δα = 0.01 were closely aligned with those of the Friedman method. The CKA and CE techniques estimated ln(f(α)Aα) with an average relative error below 0.7%. The pre-exponential factors of S.C.S., S.C.B., and S.B.P. were in the order of 1014, 1012, and 1011 (s-1), respectively. From a thermodynamic viewpoint, positive ∆G* and ∆H* results provide evidence for the non-spontaneous and endothermic nature of the pyrolysis process, indicating the occurrence of endergonic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Najafi
- XThermo Research Group, No.117, Somayeh Street, Tehran, 158176-8511, Iran
| | - Ahmad Golrokh Sani
- XThermo Research Group, No.117, Somayeh Street, Tehran, 158176-8511, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Sobati
- School of Chemical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Postal Box 16765-163, Tehran, Iran.
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Galukhin A, Kachmarzhik A, Rodionov A, Mamin G, Gafurov M, Vyazovkin S. Kinetics and Mechanism of Liquid-State Polymerization of 2,4-Hexadiyne-1,6-diyl bis-( p-toluenesulfonate) as Studied by Thermal Analysis. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:7. [PMID: 38201672 PMCID: PMC10780683 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A detailed investigation of the liquid-state polymerization of diacetylenes by calorimetric (DSC) and spectroscopic (in situ EPR) thermal analysis techniques is performed. Isoconversional kinetic analysis of the calorimetric data reveals that liquid-state polymerization is governed by a well-defined rate-limiting step as evidenced by a nearly constant isoconversional activation energy. By comparison, solid-state polymerization demonstrates isoconversional activation energy that varies widely, signifying multistep kinetics behavior. Unlike the solid-state reaction that demonstrates an autocatalytic behavior, liquid-state polymerization follows a rather unusual zero-order reaction model as established by both DSC and EPR data. Both techniques have also determined strikingly similar Arrhenius parameters for liquid-state polymerization. Relative to the solid-state process, liquid-state polymerization results in quantitative elimination of the p-toluenesulfonate group and the formation of p-toluenesulfonic acid and a polymeric product of markedly different chemical and phase composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Galukhin
- Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia;
| | - Alexander Kachmarzhik
- Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia;
| | - Alexander Rodionov
- Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (A.R.); (G.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Georgy Mamin
- Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (A.R.); (G.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Marat Gafurov
- Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (A.R.); (G.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Sergey Vyazovkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 S. 14th Street, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Chau J, Altan S, Burggraeve A, Coppenolle H, Kifle YW, Prokopcova H, Van Daele T, Sterckx H. A Bayesian Approach to Kinetic Modeling of Accelerated Stability Studies and Shelf Life Determination. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:250. [PMID: 38036798 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02695-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinetic modeling of accelerated stability data serves an important purpose in the development of pharmaceutical products, providing support for shelf life claims and expediting the path to clinical implementation. In this context, a Bayesian kinetic modeling framework is considered, accommodating different types of nonlinear kinetics with temperature and humidity dependent rates of degradation and accounting for the humidity conditions within the packaging to predict the shelf life. In comparison to kinetic modeling based on nonlinear least-squares regression, the Bayesian approach allows for interpretable posterior inference, flexible error modeling and the opportunity to include prior information based on historical data or expert knowledge. While both frameworks perform comparably for high-quality data from well-designed studies, the Bayesian approach provides additional robustness when the data are sparse or of limited quality. This is illustrated by modeling accelerated stability data from two solid dosage forms and is further examined by means of artificial data subsets and simulated data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stan Altan
- Statistics and Decision Sciences, Janssen Research, Raritan, New Jersey, USA
| | - Anneleen Burggraeve
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Development & Supply, Janssen Research, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Hans Coppenolle
- Statistics and Decision Sciences, Janssen Research, Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - Hana Prokopcova
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Development & Supply, Janssen Research, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Timothy Van Daele
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Development & Supply, Janssen Research, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Hans Sterckx
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Development & Supply, Janssen Research, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium.
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Bernardes GP, Andrade MP, Poletto M, Luiz NR, Santana RMC, Forte MMDC. Evaluation of Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of Poly (Lactic Acid)/Ethylene Elastomer (EE) Blends. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4324. [PMID: 37960004 PMCID: PMC10648464 DOI: 10.3390/polym15214324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The influences of ethylene-based elastomer (EE) and the compatibilizer agent ethylene-butyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate (EBAGMA) on the thermal degradation of PLA/EE blends were evaluated by the thermal degradation kinetics and thermodynamic parameters using thermogravimetry. The presence of EE and EBAGMA synergistically improved the PLA thermal stability. The temperature of 10% of mass loss (T10%) of PLA was around 365 °C, while in the compatibilized PLA/EE blend, this property increased to 370 °C. The PLA average activation energy (Ea¯) reduced in the PLA/EE blend (from 96 kJ/mol to 78 kJ/mol), while the presence of EBAGMA in the PLA/EE blend increased the Ea¯ due to a better blend compatibilization. The solid-state thermal degradation of the PLA and PLA/EE blends was classified as a D-type degradation mechanism. In general, the addition of EE increased the thermodynamic parameters when compared to PLA and the compatibilized blend due to the increase in the collision rate between the components over the thermal decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giordano P. Bernardes
- Department of Mechatronic Engineering, Atlantic Technological University (ATU) Sligo, Ash Lane, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland
| | - Matheus P. Andrade
- Postgraduate Program in Engineering of Processes and Technologies (PGEPROTEC), University of Caxias Do Sul (UCS), Caxias Do Sul 95070-560, Brazil;
| | - Matheus Poletto
- Postgraduate Program in Engineering of Processes and Technologies (PGEPROTEC), University of Caxias Do Sul (UCS), Caxias Do Sul 95070-560, Brazil;
| | - Nathália R. Luiz
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials (LAPOL), School of Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90010-150, Brazil; (N.R.L.); (R.M.C.S.); (M.M.d.C.F.)
| | - Ruth M. C. Santana
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials (LAPOL), School of Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90010-150, Brazil; (N.R.L.); (R.M.C.S.); (M.M.d.C.F.)
| | - Maria M. de C. Forte
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials (LAPOL), School of Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90010-150, Brazil; (N.R.L.); (R.M.C.S.); (M.M.d.C.F.)
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7
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Wan HB, Huang Z. Kinetic and Thermodynamic Analyses of Co-Pyrolysis of Nylon-Polyethylene Pouch Wastes. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5738. [PMID: 37687430 PMCID: PMC10488972 DOI: 10.3390/ma16175738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, thermogravimetric measurements of nylon-6/polyethylene double-layer pouch wastes were conducted in N2 under a constant heating-rate mode, and the multiple heating-rate results were analyzed in terms of degradation features and specific temperatures. Experimental results show that the waste pyrolysis involves one reaction stage, and all specific parameters appear to increase with the heating rate. Kinetic analysis of non-isothermal data was thoroughly performed using various isoconversional model-free methods for the calculations of the activation energy, resulting in 143~215 kJ/mol over the whole pyrolysis process. By means of the model-fitting method, the reaction mechanism model g(α) and pre-exponential factor lnk0 are concurrently determined with the aid of the linear compensation effect. With such methodology proposed, the Avrami-Erofeev kinetic model A3/2 of g(α) = [-ln(1 - α)]2/3 is found to be the most appropriate mechanism function for describing the pyrolysis of the nylon-6/polyethylene waste along with lnk0 of 23.14 to 34.26 min-1. With the Arrhenius parameters thus obtained, the predictions were made and performed very satisfactorily to correlate experimental results. Additionally, the service life and thermodynamic parameters over the entire pyrolysis process were also estimated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhen Huang
- Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China;
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Harrison ARP, Kwong KY, Zheng Y, Balkrishna A, Dyson A, Marek EJ. Kinetic and Thermodynamic Enhancement of Low-Temperature Oxygen Release from Strontium Ferrite Perovskites Modified with Ag and CeO 2. ENERGY & FUELS : AN AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY JOURNAL 2023; 37:9487-9499. [PMID: 37435585 PMCID: PMC10331733 DOI: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.3c01263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
The redox behavior of the nonstoichiometric perovskite oxide SrFeO3-δ modified with Ag, CeO2, and Ce was assessed for chemical looping air separation (CLAS) via thermogravimetric analysis and by cyclic release and uptake of O2 in a packed bed reactor. The results demonstrated that the addition of ∼15 wt % Ag at the surface of SrFeO3-δ lowers the temperature of oxygen release in N2 by ∼60 °C (i.e., from 370 °C for bare SrFeO3-δ to 310 °C) and more than triples the amount of oxygen released per CLAS cycle at 500 °C. Impregnation of SrFeO3-δ with Ag increased the concentration of oxygen vacancies at equilibrium, lowering (3 - δ) under all investigated oxygen partial pressures. The addition of CeO2 at the surface or into the bulk of SrFeO3-δ resulted in more modest changes, with a decrease in temperature for O2 release of 20-25 °C as compared to SrFeO3-δ and a moderate increase in oxygen yield per reduction cycle. The apparent kinetic parameters for reduction of SrFeO3-δ, with Ag and CeO2 additives, were determined from the CLAS experiments in a packed bed reactor, giving activation energies and pre-exponential factors of Ea,reduction = 66.3 kJ mol-1 and Areduction = 152 mol s-1 m-3 Pa-1 for SrFeO3-δ impregnated with 10.7 wt % CeO2, 75.7 kJ mol-1 and 623 molO2 s-1 m -3 Pa-1 for SrFeO3-δ mixed with 2.5 wt % CeO2 in the bulk, 29.9 kJ mol-1 and 0.88 molO2 s-1 m-3 Pa-1 for Sr0.95Ce0.05FeO3-δ, and 69.0 kJ mol-1 and 278 molO2 s-1 m-3 Pa-1 for SrFeO3-δ impregnated with 12.7 wt % Ag, respectively. Kinetics for reoxidation were much faster and were assessed for two materials with the slowest oxygen uptake, SrFeO3-δ, giving the activation energy Ea,oxidation = 177.1 kJ mol-1 and pre-exponential factor Aoxidation = 3.40 × 1010 molO2 s-1 m-3 Pa-1, and Sr0.95Ce0.05FeO3-δ, giving the activation energy Ea,oxidation = 64.0 kJ mol-1, and pre-exponential factor Aoxidation = 584 molO2 s-1 m-3 Pa-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R. P. Harrison
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, CB3 0AS Cambridge, U.K.
| | - Kien Y. Kwong
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, CB3 0AS Cambridge, U.K.
| | - Yaoyao Zheng
- Department
of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, CB2 1PZ Cambridge, U.K.
| | - Abhishek Balkrishna
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, CB3 0AS Cambridge, U.K.
| | - Alice Dyson
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, CB3 0AS Cambridge, U.K.
| | - Ewa J. Marek
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, CB3 0AS Cambridge, U.K.
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Cerda-Barrera C, Fernández-Andrade KJ, Alejandro-Martín S. Pyrolysis of Chilean Southern Lignocellulosic Biomasses: Isoconversional Kinetics Analysis and Pyrolytic Products Distribution. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2698. [PMID: 37376344 DOI: 10.3390/polym15122698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomass provides potential benefits for obtaining value-added compounds instead of straight burning; as Chile has forestry potential that supports such benefits, it is crucial to understand the biomasses' properties and their thermochemical behaviour. This research presents a kinetic analysis of thermogravimetry, and pyrolysis of representative species in the biomass of southern Chile, heating biomasses at 5 to 40 °C·min-1 rates before being subjected to thermal volatilisation. The activation energy (Ea) was calculated from conversion using model-free methods (Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO), Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), and Friedman (FR)), as well as the Kissinger method based on the maximum reaction rate. The average Ea varied between KAS 117 and 171 kJ·mol-1, FWO 120-170 kJ·mol-1, and FR 115-194 kJ·mol-1 for the five biomasses used. Pinus radiata (PR) was identified as the most suited wood for producing value-added goods based on the Ea profile for the conversion (α), along with Eucalyptus nitens (EN) for its high value of reaction constant (k). Each biomass demonstrated accelerated decomposition (an increase in k relative to α). The highest concentration of bio-oil containing phenolic, ketonic, and furanic compounds was produced by the forestry exploitation biomasses PR and EN, demonstrating the viability of these materials for thermoconversion processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Cerda-Barrera
- Department of Industrial Processes, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Kevin J Fernández-Andrade
- Laboratory of Gas Chromatography and Analytical Pyrolysis, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Concepción 4030000, Chile
- Wood Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Serguei Alejandro-Martín
- Laboratory of Gas Chromatography and Analytical Pyrolysis, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Concepción 4030000, Chile
- Wood Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Concepción 4030000, Chile
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10
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MA QY, HUANG Z, REN X, ZHAO JJ, CHEN F, TENG LJ. Effects of ZSM-5 zeolite on pyrolysis of polystyrene: from stabilizing to catalyzing. Turk J Chem 2023; 47:726-741. [PMID: 38174061 PMCID: PMC10760552 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0527.3574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Nonisothermal pyrolysis measurements of polystyrene (PS)/ZSM-5 zeolite hybrids are conducted in N2 and thermogravimetric results have been kinetically analyzed with different isoconversional methods. Experimental results show that the addition of 5 and 10 wt.% ZSM-5 zeolite has increased the initial pyrolysis temperature of PS while the addition of 20 and 30 wt.% ZSM-5 zeolite can significantly decrease the initial pyrolysis temperature of PS. Elevated activation energy is resulted by adding low zeolite amount whereas reduced activation energy is obtained by adding high ZSM-5 amounts. The effect of zeolite ZSM-5 on PS pyrolysis can thus be observed to transfer from stabilizing to catalyzing. Furthermore, the pyrolysis mechanism functions of PS/zeolite hybrids are determined by integrating the master plots method with a new compensation effect method, and the most appropriate reaction models are found to be F0.92, F0.85, F0.56 and A1.32 for describing the pyrolysis of the PS/ZSM-5 hybrids with a zeolite loading of 5, 10, 20 and 30 wt.%, respectively. With the kinetic parameters thus available, the temperature-dependent mass conversion curves have been recast, leading to satisfactory simulations for PS/ZSM-5 hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-yuan MA
- Department of Packaging Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce,
China
| | - Zhen HUANG
- Department of Packaging Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce,
China
| | - Xuan REN
- Department of Packaging Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce,
China
| | - Jia-jia ZHAO
- Department of Packaging Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce,
China
| | - Fu CHEN
- Department of Packaging Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce,
China
| | - Li-jun TENG
- Department of Packaging Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce,
China
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11
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Wan HB, Huang Z. Pyrolysis and Oxidative Thermal Decomposition Investigations of Tennis Ball Rubber Wastes through Kinetic and Thermodynamic Evaluations. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2328. [PMID: 36984208 PMCID: PMC10054530 DOI: 10.3390/ma16062328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Thermal decomposition of tennis ball rubber (TBR) wastes in nitrogen and air has been studied through thermogravimetric analysis. The samples were thermally decomposed from room temperature to 950 K at heating rates of 3 to 20 K/min with a purging flow of 30 cm3/min. The degradation features and specific temperatures for two purging gases are thus compared according to the nonisothermal results. Kinetic analyses of two thermal decomposition processes have been isoconversionally performed using differential or integral methods. The activation energy as a function of mass conversion has been thus obtained over the entire decomposition range, varying from 116.7 to 723.3 kJ/mol for pyrolysis and 98.2 to 383.6 kJ/mol for oxidative thermal decomposition. The iterative Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method combined with the linear compensation effect relationship has been proposed for determining the pre-exponential factor and reaction mechanism function, resulting in chemical order reaction models of f(α) = (1 - α)5.7 and f(α) = (1 - α)5.8 for describing pyrolysis and the oxidative thermal degradation of TBR wastes, respectively. With these kinetic parameters, very satisfactory matching against experimental data has been obtained for both gases. Additionally, the thermodynamic parameters, such as the changes of entropy, enthalpy and Gibbs free energy, over the whole thermal degradation processes have also been evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Bo Wan
- Department of Physical Education, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Department of Packaging Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
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12
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Unraveling the Effect of MgAl/CuO Nanothermite on the Characteristics and Thermo-Catalytic Decomposition of Nanoenergetic Formulation Based on Nanostructured Nitrocellulose and Hydrazinium Nitro-Triazolone. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12121573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to develop new energetic composites containing nanostructured nitrocellulose (NNC) or nitrated cellulose (NC), hydrazinium nitro triazolone (HNTO), and MgAl-CuO nanothermite. The prepared energetic formulations (NC/HNTO/MgAl-CuO and NNC/HNTO/MgAl-CuO) were analyzed using various analytical techniques, such as Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetry (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The outstanding catalytic impact of MgAl-CuO on the thermal behavior of the developed energetic composites was elucidated by kinetic modeling, applied to the DSC data using isoconversional kinetic methods, for which a considerable drop in the activation energy was acquired for the prepared formulations, highlighting the catalytic influence of the introduced MgAl-CuO nanothermite. Overall, the obtained findings demonstrated that the newly elaborated NC/HNTO/MgAl-CuO and NNC/HNTO/MgAl-CuO composites could serve as promising candidates for application in the next generation of composite explosives and high-performance propellants.
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Peroxide-Based Crosslinking of Solid Silicone Rubber, Part I: Insights into the Influence of Dicumylperoxide Concentration on the Curing Kinetics and Thermodynamics Determined by a Rheological Approach. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14204404. [PMID: 36297981 PMCID: PMC9609014 DOI: 10.3390/polym14204404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Predicting the curing behaviour of industrially employed elastomeric compounds under typical processing conditions in a reliable and scientifically driven way is important for rubber processing simulation routines, such as injection moulding. Herein, a rubber process analyser was employed to study the crosslinking kinetics of solid silicone rubber based on the concentration of dicumylperoxide. A model was proposed to describe the optimal cure time variation with peroxide concentration and temperature, based on the analysis of processing parameters applying kinetic and thermodynamic judgments. Additionally, the conversion rate was described with the aid of a phenomenological model, and the effect of dicumylperoxide concentration on the final crosslink state was investigated using kinetic and thermodynamic explanations. Optimal curing time was affected both by temperature and dicumylperoxide concentration. However, the effects were less pronounced for high temperatures (>170 ∘C) and high concentrations (>0.70 phr). A limit on the crosslink state was detected, meaning that the dicumylperoxide capacity to crosslink the silicone network is restricted by the curing mechanism. Curing restrictions were presumed to be primarily thermodynamic, based on the proton abstraction mechanism that drives the crosslinking reaction. In addition to providing more realistic crosslinking models for rubber injection moulding simulation routines, the results of this study may also explain the chemical behaviour of organic peroxides widely used for silicone crosslinking.
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Thermal Degradation Process of Ethinylestradiol—Kinetic Study. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10081518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study reports the results obtained after the analysis of the thermal stability and decomposition kinetics of widely used synthetic derivative of estradiol, ethinylestradiol (EE), as a pure active pharmaceutical ingredient. As investigational tools, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal analysis, and decomposition kinetics modeling of EE were employed. The kinetic study was realized using three kinetic methods, namely Kissinger, Friedman, and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa. The results of the kinetic study are in good agreement, suggesting that the main decomposition process of EE that takes place in the 175–375 °C temperature range is a single-step process, invariable during the modification of heating rate of the sample.
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Vikrant K, Kim KH, Dong F, Heynderickx PM, Boukhvalov DW. Low-temperature oxidative removal of gaseous formaldehyde by an eggshell waste supported silver-manganese dioxide bimetallic catalyst with ultralow noble metal content. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 434:128857. [PMID: 35429758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Under dark/low temperature (DLT) conditions, the oxidative removal of gaseous formaldehyde (FA) was studied using eggshell waste supported silver (Ag)-manganese dioxide (MnO2) bimetallic catalysts. To assess the synergistic effects between the two different metals, 0.03%-Ag-(0.5-5%)-MnO2/Eggshell catalysts were prepared and employed for DLT-oxidation of FA. The steady-state FA oxidation reaction rate (mmol g-1 h-1), when measured using 100 ppm FA at 80 °C (gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 5308 h-1), varied as follows: Ag-1.5%-MnO2/Eggshell-R (9.4) > Ag-3%-MnO2/Eggshell-R (8.1) > Ag-1.5%-MnO2/Eggshell (7.5) > Ag-5%-MnO2/Eggshell-R (7.2) > Ag-1.5%-MnO2/CaCO3-R (6.8) > MnO2-R (6) > Ag-0.5%-MnO2/Eggshell-R (3.2) > Ag/Eggshell-R (2.6). (Here, 'R' denotes hydrogen-based thermochemical reduction pretreatment.) The temperature required for 90% FA conversion (T90) at the same GHSV exhibited a contrary ordering: Ag/Eggshell-R (175 °C) > Ag-0.5%-MnO2/Eggshell-R (123 °C) > Ag-5%-MnO2/Eggshell-R (113 °C) > MnO2-R (99 °C) > Ag-1.5%-MnO2/Eggshell (96 °C) > Ag-3%-MnO2/Eggshell-R (93 °C) > Ag-1.5%-MnO2/Eggshell-R (77 °C). The eggshell catalyst outperformed the ones made of commercial calcium carbonate due to the presence of defects in the former. The MnO2 co-catalyst enhances the catalytic activities through the capture and activation of atmospheric oxygen (O2) with rapid catalytic regeneration. Also, MnO2 favorably captures the hydrogen of the adsorbed FA molecules to make the oxidation pathway thermodynamically more favorable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Vikrant
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Fan Dong
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou) & Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313001, China.
| | - Philippe M Heynderickx
- Center for Environmental and Energy Research (CEER), Engineering of Materials via Catalysis and Characterization, Ghent University Global Campus, 119-5 Songdo Munhwa-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea; Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent B-9000, Belgium.
| | - Danil W Boukhvalov
- College of Science, Institute of Materials Physics and Chemistry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Institute of Physics and Technology, Ural Federal University, Mira Street 19, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia
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Wan H, Huang Z. Pyrolysis Evaluation of Tennis String Polyurethane and Water-Borne Polyurethane Wastes through Isoconversional Kinetic Analysis. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14081501. [PMID: 35458253 PMCID: PMC9025778 DOI: 10.3390/polym14081501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A detailed kinetic analysis of pyrolysis processes of Tennis string polyurethane (TSPU) waste and waterborne polyurethane (WPU) waste was carried out in the present paper. Non-isothermal pyrolysis characterizations of two wastes were acquired through thermogravimetric determinations under the constant heating rates of 5, 10, 15 and 20 K/min. Experimental results showed that the pyrolysis processes of TSPU and WPU were mainly characteristic of three stages and two stages, respectively. Two pyrolysis performance indices, the devolatilization index (DI) and heat-resistance index (HRI), were used to interpret the heating rate effect on the pyrolysis features and different thermal dependences of TSPU and WPU. Isoconversional kinetic analysis was thoroughly performed with model-free and model-fitting methods. By using Starink, Vyazovkin–Dollimore and Coats–Redfern methods, the activation energies thus obtained were in the range of 103.3~148.3 kJ/mol and 92.5~204.3 kJ/mol, respectively, for TSPU and WPU, over the entire pyrolysis process. Their respective pre-exponential factor lnA values were determined to be within 17.94~33.42 min−1 and 16.56~20.82 min−1. Thermodynamic parameters in terms of ΔG#, ΔH# and ΔS# throughout the entire pyrolysis process were also calculated. Finally, by means of the model-fitting Coats–Redfern method, the most appropriate mechanism functions were ascertained for, respectively, describing multi-stage pyrolysis degradations of TSPU and WPU waste. These results may offer meaningful support for designing any industrial pyrolysis reactor to dispose of polyurethane wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Wan
- Department of Physical Education, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China;
| | - Zhen Huang
- Department of Packaging Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-22-26686264; Fax: +86-22-26686251
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Problems with Applying the Ozawa–Avrami Crystallization Model to Non-Isothermal Crosslinking Polymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14040693. [PMID: 35215608 PMCID: PMC8879139 DOI: 10.3390/polym14040693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ozawa has modified the Avrami model to treat non-isothermal crystallization kinetics. The resulting Ozawa–Avrami model yields the Avrami index (n) and heating/cooling function (χ(T)). There has been a number of recent applications of the Ozawa–Avrami model to non-isothermal crosslinking polymerization (curing) kinetics that have determined n and have used χ(T) in place of the rate constant (k(T)) in the Arrhenius equation to evaluate the activation energy (E) and the preexponential factor (A). We analyze this approach mathematically as well as by using simulated and experimental data, highlighting the following problems. First, the approach is limited to the processes that obey the Avrami model. In cases of autocatalytic or decelerating kinetics, commonly encountered in crosslinking polymerizations, n reveals a systematic dependence on temperature. Second, χ(T) has a more complex temperature dependence than k(T) and thus cannot produce exact values of E and A via the Arrhenius equation. The respective deviations can reach tens or even hundreds of percent but are diminished dramatically using the heating/cooling function in the form [χ(T)]1/n. Third, without this transformation, the Arrhenius plots may demonstrate breakpoints that leads to questionable interpretations. Overall, the application of the Ozawa–Avrami model to crosslinking polymerizations appears too problematic to be justified, especially considering the existence of well-known alternative kinetic techniques that are flexible, accurate, and computationally simple.
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Zhou D, Chen X, Liang J, Wei X, Wu C, Li W, Wang L. High-Temperature Stability and Pyrolysis Kinetics and Mechanism of Bio-Based and Petro-Based Resins Using TG–FTIR/MS. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c02535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resources Processing and Process Intensification Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Xiaopeng Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resources Processing and Process Intensification Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Jiezhen Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resources Processing and Process Intensification Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Xiaojie Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resources Processing and Process Intensification Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Chenghong Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resources Processing and Process Intensification Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Wenhui Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resources Processing and Process Intensification Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Linlin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resources Processing and Process Intensification Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
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Galukhin A, Nikolaev I, Nosov R, Islamov D, Vyazovkin S. Solvent-induced changes in the reactivity of tricyanate esters undergoing thermal polymerization. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01088c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of thermally stimulated polymerization of tricyanate ester remains the same in solution as in the melt, but Arrhenius parameters of the rate-limiting reaction are significantly affected by solvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Galukhin
- Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, Kazan 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Ilya Nikolaev
- Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, Kazan 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Roman Nosov
- Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, Kazan 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Daut Islamov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey Vyazovkin
- Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, Kazan 420008, Russian Federation
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 S. 14th Street, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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