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Malani M, Thodikayil AT, Saha S, Nirmal J. Carboxylated nanofibrillated cellulose empowers moxifloxacin to overcome Staphylococcus aureus biofilm in bacterial keratitis. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 324:121558. [PMID: 37985120 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial keratitis is one of the vision-threatening ocular diseases that is increasing at an alarming rate due to antimicrobial resistance. One of the primary causes of antimicrobial resistance could be biofilm formation, which alters the mechanism and physiology of the microorganisms. Even a potent drug fails to inhibit biofilm due to the extracellular polysaccharide matrix surrounding the bacteria, inhibiting the permeation of drugs. Therefore, we aimed to develop carboxylated nanocellulose fibers loaded with moxifloxacin (Mox-cNFC) as a novel drug delivery system to treat bacterial corneal infection. Nanocellulose fibers were fabricated using a two-step method involving citric acid hydrolysis followed by TEMPO oxidation to introduce carboxylated groups (1.12 mmol/g). The Mox-cNFC particles showed controlled drug release till 40 h through diffusion. In vitro biofilm inhibition studies showed the particle's ability to disrupt the biofilm matrix and enhance the drug penetration to achieve optimal concentrations that inhibit the persister cells (without increasing minimum inhibitory concentration), thereby reducing the bacterial drug-resistant property. In vivo studies revealed the therapeutic potential of Mox-cNFC to treat Staphylococcus aureus-induced bacterial keratitis with once-a-day treatment, unlike neat moxifloxacin. Mox-cNFC could improve patient compliance by reducing the frequency of instillation and a controlled drug release to prevent toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Malani
- Translational Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India
| | | | - Sampa Saha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Jayabalan Nirmal
- Translational Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India.
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2
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Solhi L, Guccini V, Heise K, Solala I, Niinivaara E, Xu W, Mihhels K, Kröger M, Meng Z, Wohlert J, Tao H, Cranston ED, Kontturi E. Understanding Nanocellulose-Water Interactions: Turning a Detriment into an Asset. Chem Rev 2023; 123:1925-2015. [PMID: 36724185 PMCID: PMC9999435 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Modern technology has enabled the isolation of nanocellulose from plant-based fibers, and the current trend focuses on utilizing nanocellulose in a broad range of sustainable materials applications. Water is generally seen as a detrimental component when in contact with nanocellulose-based materials, just like it is harmful for traditional cellulosic materials such as paper or cardboard. However, water is an integral component in plants, and many applications of nanocellulose already accept the presence of water or make use of it. This review gives a comprehensive account of nanocellulose-water interactions and their repercussions in all key areas of contemporary research: fundamental physical chemistry, chemical modification of nanocellulose, materials applications, and analytical methods to map the water interactions and the effect of water on a nanocellulose matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Solhi
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland
| | - Valentina Guccini
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland
| | - Katja Heise
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland
| | - Iina Solala
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland
| | - Elina Niinivaara
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland.,Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British ColumbiaV6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Wenyang Xu
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland.,Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Åbo Akademi University, TurkuFI-20500, Finland
| | - Karl Mihhels
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland
| | - Marcel Kröger
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland
| | - Zhuojun Meng
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland.,Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou325001, China
| | - Jakob Wohlert
- Wallenberg Wood Science Centre (WWSC), Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Han Tao
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland
| | - Emily D Cranston
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British ColumbiaV6T 1Z4, Canada.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British ColumbiaV6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Eero Kontturi
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland
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A Diphenylalanine Based Pentapeptide with Fibrillating Self-Assembling Properties. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020371. [PMID: 36839694 PMCID: PMC9966497 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptides and their related compounds can self-assemble into diverse nanostructures of different shapes and sizes in response to various stimuli such as pH, temperature or ionic strength. Here we report the synthesis and characterization of a lysozyme derived pentapeptide and its ability to build well-defined fibrillar structures. Lysozyme FESNF peptide fragment was synthesized by solid phase peptide synthesis using the Fmoc/t-Bu strategy, purified by analytical high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and its molecular weight was confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). Spectroscopic features of this pentapeptide were investigated by UV-visible spectroscopy and fluorimetry showing the pattern of marginal phenylalanine residues within the peptide sequence. Self-assembling properties were determined using atomic force microscopy (AFM), aggregation index and thioflavin T assay (ThT). FESNF generating fibrillar structures observed by AFM and aggregation propensity were primarily influenced by pH conditions. Moreover, the experimental data were confirmed by molecular dynamics simulation studies. The obtained fibrils will be used next to explore their potential to act as support material for medical and cosmetic application.
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Approaching well-dispersed MoS2 assisted with cellulose nanofiber for highly durable hydrogen evolution reaction. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 294:119754. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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5
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Shi Y, Jiao H, Sun J, Lu X, Yu S, Cheng L, Wang Q, Liu H, Biranje S, Wang J, Liu J. Functionalization of nanocellulose applied with biological molecules for biomedical application: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 285:119208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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6
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Biranje SS, Sun J, Cheng L, Cheng Y, Shi Y, Yu S, Jiao H, Zhang M, Lu X, Han W, Wang Q, Zhang Z, Liu J. Development of Cellulose Nanofibril/Casein-Based 3D Composite Hemostasis Scaffold for Potential Wound-Healing Application. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:3792-3808. [PMID: 35037458 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c21039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Excessive bleeding in traumatic hemorrhage is the primary concern for natural wound healing and the main reason for trauma deaths. The three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting of bioinks offers the desired structural complexity vital for hemostasis activity and targeted cell proliferation in rapid and controlled wound healing. However, it is challenging to develop suitable bioinks to fabricate specific 3D scaffolds desirable in wound healing. In this work, a 3D composite scaffold is designed using bioprinting technology and synergistic hemostasis mechanisms of cellulose nanofibrils (TCNFs), chitosan, and casein to control blood loss in traumatic hemorrhage. Bioinks that consist of casein bioconjugated TCNF (with a casein content of 104.5 ± 34.1 mg/g) using the carbodiimide cross-linker chemistry were subjected to bioprinting for customizable 3D scaffold fabrication. Further, the 3D composite scaffolds were in situ cross-linked using a green ionic complexation approach. The covalent conjugation among TCNF, casein, and chitosan was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. The in vitro hemostasis activity of the 3D composite scaffold was analyzed by a human thrombin-antithrombin (TAT) assay and adsorption of red blood cells (RBCs) and platelets. The 3D composite scaffold had a better swelling behavior and a faster whole blood clotting rate at each time point than the 3D TCNF scaffold and commercial cellulose-based dressings. The TAT assay demonstrated that the 3D composite scaffold could form a higher content of thrombin (663.29 pg/mL) and stable blood clot compared to a cellulosic pad (580.35 pg/mL), 3D TCNF (457.78 pg/mL), and cellulosic gauze (328.92 pg/mL), which are essential for faster blood coagulation. In addition, the 3D composite scaffold had a lower blood clotting index (23.34%) than the 3D TCNF scaffold (41.93%), suggesting higher efficiencies for RBC entrapping to induce blood clotting. The in vivo cytocompatibility was evaluated by a 3D cell culture study, and results showed that the 3D composite scaffold could promote growth and proliferation of NIH 3T3 fibroblast cells, which is vital for wound healing. Cellulase-based in vitro deconstruction of the 3D composite scaffold showed significant weight loss (80 ± 5%) compared to the lysozyme hydrolysis (22 ± 5%) after 28 days of incubation, suggesting the biodegradation potential of the composite scaffold. In conclusion, this study proposes efficient prospects to develop a 3D composite scaffold from bioprinting of TCNF-based bioinks that can accelerate blood clotting and wound healing, suggesting its potential application in reducing blood loss during traumatic hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Shivaji Biranje
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jianzhong Sun
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Lu Cheng
- Reproduction Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 438 Jiefang Road, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Yifei Shi
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Sujie Yu
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Haixin Jiao
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xuechu Lu
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Wenjia Han
- Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- SCNU-TUE Joint Lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- ScienceK Ltd., Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
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Enhancing Removal of Cr(VI), Pb 2+, and Cu 2+ from Aqueous Solutions Using Amino-Functionalized Cellulose Nanocrystal. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237315. [PMID: 34885897 PMCID: PMC8658863 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the amino-functionalized cellulose nanocrystal (ACNC) was prepared using a green route and applied as a biosorbent for adsorption of Cr(VI), Pb2+, and Cu2+ from aqueous solutions. CNC was firstly oxidized by sodium periodate to yield the dialdehyde nanocellulose (DACNC). Then, DACNC reacted with diethylenetriamine (DETA) to obtain amino-functionalized nanocellulose (ACNC) through a Schiff base reaction. The properties of DACNC and ACNC were characterized by using elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Kaiser test, atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and zeta potential measurement. The presence of free amino groups was evidenced by the FT-IR results and Kaiser test. ACNCs exhibited an amphoteric nature with isoelectric points between pH 8 and 9. After the chemical modification, the cellulose I polymorph of nanocellulose remained, while the crystallinity decreased. The adsorption behavior of ACNC was investigated for the removal of Cr(VI), Pb2+, and Cu2+ in aqueous solutions. The maximum adsorption capacities were obtained at pH 2 for Cr(VI) and pH 6 for Cu2+ and Pb2+, respectively. The adsorption all followed pseudo second-order kinetics and Sips adsorption isotherms. The estimated adsorption capacities for Cr(VI), Pb2+, and Cu2+ were 70.503, 54.115, and 49.600 mg/g, respectively.
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8
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Kori DKK, Jadhav RG, Dhruv L, Das AK. A platinum nanoparticle doped self-assembled peptide bolaamphiphile hydrogel as an efficient electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:6678-6688. [PMID: 36132646 PMCID: PMC9419667 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00439e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Noble metal-based nanomaterials have shown great potential for catalytic application with higher selectivity and activity. Owing to their self-assembly properties with various molecular interactions, peptides play an essential role in the controlled synthesis of noble metal-based catalysts with high surface area. In this work, a phenylalanine (F) and tyrosine (Y) based peptide bolaamphiphile is prepared by solution-phase peptide synthesis. The peptide bolaamphiphile readily self-assembles into a hydrogel with a cross-linked nanofibrillar network. The platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) are in situ generated within the cross-linked nanofibrillar network of the hydrogel matrix of the peptide bolaamphiphile. Benefiting from the synergistic properties of the Pt nanoparticles doped on three-dimensional fibrous networks, Pt6@hydrogel shows efficient catalytic activity for the electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution. The Pt6@hydrogel requires an overpotential of 45 mV at -10 mA cm-2 with a Tafel slope of 52 mV dec-1. The Pt6@hydrogel also shows electrocatalytic activity in basic and neutral pH solutions. The excellent activity and stability of Pt6@hydrogel for the HER shows great potential for energy conversion applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak K K Kori
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Electronics (CAE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore Indore 453552 India
| | - Rohit G Jadhav
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Electronics (CAE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore Indore 453552 India
| | - Likhi Dhruv
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Electronics (CAE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore Indore 453552 India
| | - Apurba K Das
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Electronics (CAE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore Indore 453552 India
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9
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Belkahla H, Constantinescu AA, Gharbi T, Barbault F, Chevillot-Biraud A, Decorse P, Micheau O, Hémadi M, Ammar S. Grafting TRAIL through Either Amino or Carboxylic Groups onto Maghemite Nanoparticles: Influence on Pro-Apoptotic Efficiency. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11020502. [PMID: 33671136 PMCID: PMC7922020 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a member of the TNF cytokine superfamily. TRAIL is able to induce apoptosis through engagement of its death receptors DR4 and DR5 in a wide variety of tumor cells while sparing vital normal cells. This makes it a promising agent for cancer therapy. Here, we present two different ways of covalently grafting TRAIL onto maghemite nanoparticles (NPs): (a) by using carboxylic acid groups of the protein to graft it onto maghemite NPs previously functionalized with amino groups, and (b) by using the amino functions of the protein to graft it onto NPs functionalized with carboxylic acid groups. The two resulting nanovectors, NH-TRAIL@NPs-CO and CO-TRAIL@NPs-NH, were thoroughly characterized. Biological studies performed on human breast and lung carcinoma cells (MDA-MB-231 and H1703 cell lines) established these nanovectors are potential agents for cancer therapy. The pro-apoptotic effect is somewhat greater for CO-TRAIL@NPs-NH than NH-TRAIL@NPs-CO, as evidenced by viability studies and apoptosis analysis. A computational study indicated that regardless of whether TRAIL is attached to NPs through an acid or an amino group, DR4 recognition is not affected in either case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanene Belkahla
- Université de Paris, CNRS-UMR 7086, Interfaces, Traitements, Organisation et DYnamique des Systèmes (ITODYS), UFR de Chimie, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, 75013 Paris, France; (H.B.); (F.B.); (A.C.-B.); (P.D.)
- Lipides Nutrition Cancer, INSERM-UMR 1231, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR Science de Santé, 7 Bd Jeanne d’Arc, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.A.C.); (O.M.)
- Nanomedicine, Imagery and Therapeutics, EA 4662, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR Sciences & Techniques, 16 Route de Gray, 25030 Besançon CEDEX, France;
| | - Andrei Alexandru Constantinescu
- Lipides Nutrition Cancer, INSERM-UMR 1231, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR Science de Santé, 7 Bd Jeanne d’Arc, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.A.C.); (O.M.)
| | - Tijani Gharbi
- Nanomedicine, Imagery and Therapeutics, EA 4662, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR Sciences & Techniques, 16 Route de Gray, 25030 Besançon CEDEX, France;
| | - Florent Barbault
- Université de Paris, CNRS-UMR 7086, Interfaces, Traitements, Organisation et DYnamique des Systèmes (ITODYS), UFR de Chimie, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, 75013 Paris, France; (H.B.); (F.B.); (A.C.-B.); (P.D.)
| | - Alexandre Chevillot-Biraud
- Université de Paris, CNRS-UMR 7086, Interfaces, Traitements, Organisation et DYnamique des Systèmes (ITODYS), UFR de Chimie, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, 75013 Paris, France; (H.B.); (F.B.); (A.C.-B.); (P.D.)
| | - Philippe Decorse
- Université de Paris, CNRS-UMR 7086, Interfaces, Traitements, Organisation et DYnamique des Systèmes (ITODYS), UFR de Chimie, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, 75013 Paris, France; (H.B.); (F.B.); (A.C.-B.); (P.D.)
| | - Olivier Micheau
- Lipides Nutrition Cancer, INSERM-UMR 1231, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR Science de Santé, 7 Bd Jeanne d’Arc, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.A.C.); (O.M.)
| | - Miryana Hémadi
- Université de Paris, CNRS-UMR 7086, Interfaces, Traitements, Organisation et DYnamique des Systèmes (ITODYS), UFR de Chimie, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, 75013 Paris, France; (H.B.); (F.B.); (A.C.-B.); (P.D.)
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (S.A.)
| | - Souad Ammar
- Université de Paris, CNRS-UMR 7086, Interfaces, Traitements, Organisation et DYnamique des Systèmes (ITODYS), UFR de Chimie, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, 75013 Paris, France; (H.B.); (F.B.); (A.C.-B.); (P.D.)
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (S.A.)
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Aerogels from copper (II)-cellulose nanofibers and carbon nanotubes as absorbents for the elimination of toxic gases from air. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 582:950-960. [PMID: 32927175 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.08.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel deodorizer that is capable of selectively eliminating the odorous chemicals, such as ammonia, trimethylamine, hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan, is described. The deodorizer is a nanostructured aerogel by nature, consisting of 2,2-6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), transition metal divalent cations (M2+), and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT) as the constitutive elements. CNF are firstly mixed with M2+ (M2+, in this paper, typifies Ni2+, Co2+ and Cu2+) to form CNF-M2+ complexes, monodispersed CNT is then mixed to prepare CNT/CNF-M2+ waterborne slurries; CNT/CNF-M2+ hybridized aerogels are finally obtained via freezing-drying of the CNT/CNF-M2+ waterborne slurries. The CNT/CNF-M2+ aerogels are a foam-like structure consisting of CNF and CNT as backbones and M2+ as linkers. The aerogels show higher capabilities (in comparison with activated carbon) for selectively adsorbing ammonia, trimethylamine, hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan. Computing simulations suggest a theoretical conclusion that the odorous chemicals are absorbed in a preferring manner of bimolecular absorptions via the M2+ moieties. The CNT/CNF-M2+ hybridized aerogels are lightweight, eco-friendly, and easy to produce in industrial scales. Our new finding, as is described in this paper, demonstrates potential applications of the TEMPO-oxidized CNF to the field of deodorizations.
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11
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Sakurai M, Koley P, Aono M. Tunable Magnetism of Organometallic Nanoclusters by Graphene Oxide On-Surface Chemistry. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14509. [PMID: 31601826 PMCID: PMC6787201 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50433-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Assembly of interacting molecular spins is an attractive candidate for spintronic and quantum computing devices. Here, we report on-surface chemical assembly of aminoferrocene molecules on a graphene oxide (GO) sheet and their magnetic properties. On the GO surface, organometallic molecules having individual spins through charge transfer between the molecule and the sheet are arranged in nanoclusters having diameters of about 2 nm. The synthetic fine tuning of the reaction time enables to change the interspacing between the nanoclusters, keeping their size intact. Their magnetism changes from paramagnetic behavior to collective one gradually as the interspacing decreases. The creation of collective nature among weakly interacting molecular spins through their nanoscale arrangement on the GO surface opens a new avenue to molecular magnetism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Sakurai
- WPI-Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan.
| | - Pradyot Koley
- WPI-Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Masakazu Aono
- WPI-Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
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12
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Gauche C, Felisberti MI. Colloidal Behavior of Cellulose Nanocrystals Grafted with Poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline)s. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:11893-11905. [PMID: 31460300 PMCID: PMC6682102 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Polymer grafting onto cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) has been used as a tool to improve CNC dispersion in nonpolar solvents or polymeric matrixes. The grafting of flexible polymer chains onto rigid particle surfaces leads to significant modifications in colloidal behavior. Here, poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline)s of well-defined molar mass and narrow molar mass distribution were synthesized by cationic ring-opening polymerization and grafted onto CNC surfaces, where the coupling reaction was favored when partially hydrolyzed polymers were used (reaching 64% reaction yield). The particles grafted with polymer chains could be redispersed in water after freeze-drying, producing stable dispersions, and they were not cell-toxic up to 10 wt % aqueous dispersion. Colloidal stability, nanostructure organization, and rheological behavior of grafted CNC and CNC-grafted CNC mixtures were evaluated. The rheological behavior of grafted nanoparticles, meanwhile, showed new features when compared to original CNC dispersions. Aqueous CNC dispersions showed a liquid crystal nematic organization and rheological behavior characteristic of true gel (at 5 wt %) prior to drying. On the other hand, nanoparticle dispersions behaved as weak gels upon the addition of 10 wt % of CNC-g-(PEtOx95-s-Ei5) under the same conditions. Dispersions of CNC-g-P(PEtOx-s-Ei) particles obtained by redispersion of freeze-dried particles behaved as a fluid, without the presence of the nematic organization. Through oscillatory rheology and time-domain NMR results, it can be concluded that polymer-water interactions are dominant over CNC-water interactions, being responsible for CNC nematic phase disruption. By introducing polymer chains, the introduction of isotropic character modifies water organization, changing the flow behavior of CNC-grafted with poly(oxazoline)s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cony Gauche
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6154, 13084-971 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel Felisberti
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6154, 13084-971 Campinas, SP, Brazil
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13
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Singhatanadgit W, Sungkhaphan P, Theerathanagorn T, Patntirapong S, Janvikul W. Analysis of sequential dual immobilization of type I collagen and BMP-2 short peptides on hydrolyzed poly(buthylene succinate)/ β-tricalcium phosphate composites for bone tissue engineering. J Biomater Appl 2019; 34:351-364. [PMID: 31137998 DOI: 10.1177/0885328219852820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weerachai Singhatanadgit
- 1 Craniofacial Reconstruction Cluster, Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | | | | | - Somying Patntirapong
- 3 Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Wanida Janvikul
- 2 National Metal and Materials Technology Center, Pathum Thani, Thailand
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14
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Chaúque EFC, Ngila JC, Ray SC, Ndlwana L. Degradation of methyl orange on Fe/Ag nanoparticles immobilized on polyacrylonitrile nanofibers using EDTA chelating agents. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 236:481-489. [PMID: 30771668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bimetallic nanoparticles are effective for the removal of organic pollutants from environmental water samples through catalytic degradation reactions. Hence, this work reports on the preparation of Fe/Ag bimetallic nanoparticles immobilized on electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofibers (PAN NFs) pre-functionalized with EDTA and ethylenediamine (EDA) chelating agents. Characterization techniques included attenuated total reflectance coupled to Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (ATR-FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The liquid chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer (HPLC-MS) was used to investigate the degradation by-products. The impregnation of EDTA-EDA chelating agents imparted changes on the pristine PAN NFs as evidenced by increased nanofiber's average diameter and surface chemistry. The zero valent Fe and Ag NPs were successfully immobilized on PAN NFs and their catalytic activity was tested for the degradation of azo dyes. Results showed efficient decolourization of methyl orange dye molecules from synthetic water samples after four (4) cycles of reuse (e.g. >96% removal efficiency). The hydrogenation of methyl orange was found to be the removal mechanism due to the presence of hydrogenated methyl orange by-products in the treated water samples. Therefore, the fabricated nanocomposites exhibit potential application for the remediation of textile wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eutilério F C Chaúque
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028 Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo 257, Mozambique.
| | - J Catherine Ngila
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sekhar C Ray
- Department of Physics, University of South Africa, Florida 1710, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lwazi Ndlwana
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028 Johannesburg, South Africa
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15
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Quero F, Opazo G, Zhao Y, Feschotte-Parazon A, Fernandez J, Quintro A, Flores M. Top-down Approach to Produce Protein Functionalized and Highly Thermally Stable Cellulose Fibrils. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:3549-3559. [PMID: 30004673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein-functionalized cellulose fibrils, having various amounts of covalently bonded proteins at their surface, were successfully extracted from the tunic of Pyura chilensis tunicates using successive alkaline extractions. Pure cellulose fibrils were also obtained by further bleaching and were used as reference material. Extraction yields of protein-functionalized cellulose fibrils were within the range of 62-76% by weight based on the dry initial tunic powder. Fourier-transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the preservation of residual protein at the surface of cellulose fibrils, which was then quantified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The protein-functionalized cellulose fibrils were found to have relatively high crystallinity and their cellulose I crystalline structure was preserved upon applying alkaline treatments. The extracted cellulosic materials were found to be constituted of fibrils having a ribbon-like morphology with widths ranging from ∼30 nm up to ∼400 nm. These protein-functionalized cellulose fibrils were found to have outstanding thermal stability with one of them having onset and peak degradation temperatures of ∼350 and 374 °C, respectively. These values were found to be 24 and 41 °C higher than for bleached cellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Quero
- Laboratorio de Nanocelulosa y Biomateriales, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Biotecnología y Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas , Universidad de Chile , Beauchef 851 , Santiago , Chile
| | - Genesis Opazo
- Laboratorio de Nanocelulosa y Biomateriales, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Biotecnología y Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas , Universidad de Chile , Beauchef 851 , Santiago , Chile
| | - Yadong Zhao
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH , Royal Institute of Technology , Teknikringen 56-58 , 100 44 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Aymeric Feschotte-Parazon
- Laboratorio de Nanocelulosa y Biomateriales, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Biotecnología y Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas , Universidad de Chile , Beauchef 851 , Santiago , Chile
| | - Jeimy Fernandez
- Laboratorio de Nanocelulosa y Biomateriales, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Biotecnología y Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas , Universidad de Chile , Beauchef 851 , Santiago , Chile
| | - Abraham Quintro
- Laboratorio de Nanocelulosa y Biomateriales, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Biotecnología y Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas , Universidad de Chile , Beauchef 851 , Santiago , Chile
| | - Marcos Flores
- Laboratorio de Superficies y Nanomateriales, Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas , Universidad de Chile , Beauchef 850 , Santiago , Chile
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16
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Mafukidze DM, Nyokong T. Graphene quantum dot-phthalocyanine polystyrene conjugate embedded in asymmetric polymer membranes for photocatalytic oxidation of 4-chlorophenol. J COORD CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2017.1400664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
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17
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Misra SK, Schwartz-Duval AS, Ostadhossein F, Daza EA, Saldivar ZM, Sharma BK, Pan D. α-Amino Acid Rich Photophytonic Nanoparticles of Algal Origin Serendipitously Reveal Antimigratory Property against Cancer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:21147-21154. [PMID: 28581711 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b04962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Spheroidal nanoparticles of algal ("phytonic") origin were synthesized and composed of carbonaceous architectures and surface-rich oxygenated functional groups. Nanoparticles were negatively charged and efficiently luminescent after ultraviolet-range excitation and called as "photophytonic" nanoparticles. A multitude of analytical techniques confirmed the rich profusion of hydroxyl, carboxylate, and amines at the nanoscale, while spectroscopic investigation indicated the presence of α-amines, a signature functionality present in amino acids. Confirmed via a series of biological assays, i.e., growth regression, antimigration, and protein-regression studies, photophytonic nanoparticles serendipitously revealed remarkable anticancer activity against various stages of breast cancer cells, barring the need for an encapsulated drug. We report that nanoparticles derived from algal biomass exhibit intrinsic antimigratory properties against cancer, likely due to the rich abundance of α-amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K Misra
- Departments of Bioengineering, Materials Science and Engineering and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Aaron S Schwartz-Duval
- Departments of Bioengineering, Materials Science and Engineering and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Fatemeh Ostadhossein
- Departments of Bioengineering, Materials Science and Engineering and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Enrique A Daza
- Departments of Bioengineering, Materials Science and Engineering and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Zachary M Saldivar
- Departments of Bioengineering, Materials Science and Engineering and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Brajendra K Sharma
- Illinois Sustainability Technology Center, University of Illinois , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Dipanjan Pan
- Departments of Bioengineering, Materials Science and Engineering and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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18
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PEI-cellulose nanocrystal hybrids as efficient siRNA delivery agents—Synthesis, physicochemical characterization and in vitro evaluation. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 164:258-267. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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19
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Mondal S. Preparation, properties and applications of nanocellulosic materials. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 163:301-316. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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20
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Vega-Figueroa K, Santillán J, García C, González-Feliciano JA, Bello SA, Rodríguez YG, Ortiz-Quiles E, Nicolau E. Assessing the Suitability of Cellulose-Nanodiamond Composite As a Multifunctional Biointerface Material for Bone Tissue Regeneration. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:960-968. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karlene Vega-Figueroa
- Molecular
Science Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, 1390 Ponce De León
Avenue, Suite 2, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00926, United States
| | - Jaime Santillán
- Molecular
Science Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, 1390 Ponce De León
Avenue, Suite 2, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00926, United States
| | - Carlos García
- Molecular
Science Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, 1390 Ponce De León
Avenue, Suite 2, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00926, United States
| | - José A. González-Feliciano
- Molecular
Science Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, 1390 Ponce De León
Avenue, Suite 2, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00926, United States
| | | | - Yaiel G. Rodríguez
- Molecular
Science Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, 1390 Ponce De León
Avenue, Suite 2, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00926, United States
| | - Edwin Ortiz-Quiles
- Molecular
Science Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, 1390 Ponce De León
Avenue, Suite 2, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00926, United States
| | - Eduardo Nicolau
- Molecular
Science Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, 1390 Ponce De León
Avenue, Suite 2, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00926, United States
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21
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22
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Vuong TV, Liu B, Sandgren M, Master ER. Microplate-Based Detection of Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenase Activity by Fluorescence-Labeling of Insoluble Oxidized Products. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:610-616. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thu V. Vuong
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Bing Liu
- Department
of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats Sandgren
- Department
of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emma R. Master
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
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23
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Popa AC, Stan GE, Husanu MA, Mercioniu I, Santos LF, Fernandes HR, Ferreira JMF. Bioglass implant-coating interactions in synthetic physiological fluids with varying degrees of biomimicry. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:683-707. [PMID: 28176941 PMCID: PMC5268334 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s123236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic physiological fluids are currently used as a first in vitro bioactivity assessment for bone grafts. Our understanding about the interactions taking place at the fluid-implant interface has evolved remarkably during the last decade, and does not comply with the traditional International Organization for Standardization/final draft International Standard 23317 protocol in purely inorganic simulated body fluid. The advances in our knowledge point to the need of a true paradigm shift toward testing physiological fluids with enhanced biomimicry and a better understanding of the materials' structure-dissolution behavior. This will contribute to "upgrade" our vision of entire cascades of events taking place at the implant surfaces upon immersion in the testing media or after implantation. Starting from an osteoinductive bioglass composition with the ability to alleviate the oxidative stress, thin bioglass films with different degrees of polymerization were deposited onto titanium substrates. Their biomineralization activity in simulated body fluid and in a series of new inorganic-organic media with increasing biomimicry that more closely simulated the human intercellular environment was compared. A comprehensive range of advanced characterization tools (scanning electron microscopy; grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction; Fourier-transform infrared, micro-Raman, energy-dispersive, X-ray photoelectron, and surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopies; and cytocompatibility assays using mesenchymal stem cells) were used. The information gathered is very useful to biologists, biophysicists, clinicians, and material scientists with special interest in teaching and research. By combining all the analyses, we propose herein a step forward toward establishing an improved unified protocol for testing the bioactivity of implant materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- AC Popa
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Măgurele
- Army Centre for Medical Research, Bucharest, Romania
| | - GE Stan
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Măgurele
| | - MA Husanu
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Măgurele
| | - I Mercioniu
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Măgurele
| | - LF Santos
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico (CQE-IST), University of Lisbon, Lisbon
| | - HR Fernandes
- Department of Materials and Ceramics Engineering, Centre for Research in Ceramics and Composite Materials (CICECO), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - JMF Ferreira
- Department of Materials and Ceramics Engineering, Centre for Research in Ceramics and Composite Materials (CICECO), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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24
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Yeh MY, Zhao JY, Hsieh YR, Lin JH, Chen FY, Chakravarthy RD, Chung PC, Lin HC, Hung SC. Reverse thermo-responsive hydrogels prepared from Pluronic F127 and gelatin composite materials. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra01118k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of F127–gelatin composite hydrogels with reverse thermo-responsive and tunable mechanical properties were developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Yu Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences
- China Medical University
- Taichung 40402
- Taiwan
- Integrative Stem Cell Center
| | - Jiong-Yao Zhao
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences
- China Medical University
- Taichung 40402
- Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ru Hsieh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu 30010
- Taiwan
| | - Jhong-Hua Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu 30010
- Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yi Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu 30010
- Taiwan
| | | | - Pei-Chun Chung
- Integrative Stem Cell Center
- China Medical University Hospital
- Taichung 40447
- Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chieh Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu 30010
- Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Hung
- Integrative Stem Cell Center
- China Medical University Hospital
- Taichung 40447
- Taiwan
- Institute of New Drug Development
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25
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Vipin AK, Fugetsu B, Sakata I, Isogai A, Endo M, Li M, Dresselhaus MS. Cellulose nanofiber backboned Prussian blue nanoparticles as powerful adsorbents for the selective elimination of radioactive cesium. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37009. [PMID: 27845441 PMCID: PMC5109467 DOI: 10.1038/srep37009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
On 11 March 2011, the day of the unforgettable disaster of the 9 magnitude Tohoku earthquake and quickly followed by the devastating Tsunami, a damageable amount of radionuclides had dispersed from the Fukushima Daiichi's damaged nuclear reactors. Decontamination of the dispersed radionuclides from seawater and soil, due to the huge amounts of coexisting ions with competitive functionalities, has been the topmost difficulty. Ferric hexacyanoferrate, also known as Prussian blue (PB), has been the most powerful material for selectively trapping the radioactive cesium ions; its high tendency to form stable colloids in water, however, has made PB to be impossible for the open-field radioactive cesium decontamination applications. A nano/nano combinatorial approach, as is described in this study, has provided an ultimate solution to this intrinsic colloid formation difficulty of PB. Cellulose nanofibers (CNF) were used to immobilize PB via the creation of CNF-backboned PB. The CNF-backboned PB (CNF/PB) was found to be highly tolerant to water and moreover, it gave a 139 mg/g capability and a million (106) order of magnitude distribution coefficient (Kd) for absorbing of the radioactive cesium ion. Field studies on soil and seawater decontaminations in Fukushima gave satisfactory results, demonstrating high capabilities of CNF/PB for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bunshi Fugetsu
- Policy Alternatives Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ichiro Sakata
- School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.,Policy Alternatives Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Akira Isogai
- School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Morinobu Endo
- Institute of Carbon Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Mingda Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mildred S Dresselhaus
- Department of Physics and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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26
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Mafukidze DM, Mashazi P, Nyokong T. Synthesis and singlet oxygen production by a phthalocyanine when embedded in asymmetric polymer membranes. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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27
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Abstract
Enzymes are excellent catalysts in many applications due to their biocompatibility, low energy consumption, unique selectivity, and mild reaction condition. However, some disadvantages limit the usage of enzymes in end uses, such as low stabilities and difficult recovery. In order to overcome these disadvantages, enzyme immobilization was developed. Among various kinds of substrates for attaching enzyme, cellulose and its derivatives are one of the ideal matrixes because they are low cost, nontoxic, renewable, biodegradable, and biocompatible. In this review, we summarize recent progress in the research of enzyme immobilization on cellulose matrixes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- School of Human Ecology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jonathan Y Chen
- School of Human Ecology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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28
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Wood KN, Christensen ST, Nordlund D, Dameron AA, Ngo C, Dinh H, Gennett T, O'Hayre R, Pylypenko S. Spectroscopic investigation of nitrogen‐functionalized carbon materials. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.6017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin N. Wood
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Colorado School of Mines 1500 Illinois Street Golden CO 80401 USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | | | - Dennis Nordlund
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 2575 Sand Hill Rd Menlo Park CA 94023 USA
| | | | - Chilan Ngo
- Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry Colorado School of Mines 1012 14th Street Golden CO 80401 USA
| | - Huyen Dinh
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory 15013 Denver West Pkwy Golden CO 80401 USA
| | - Thomas Gennett
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory 15013 Denver West Pkwy Golden CO 80401 USA
| | - Ryan O'Hayre
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Colorado School of Mines 1500 Illinois Street Golden CO 80401 USA
| | - Svitlana Pylypenko
- Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry Colorado School of Mines 1012 14th Street Golden CO 80401 USA
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29
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Rahimi R, Fayyaz F, Rassa M. The study of cellulosic fabrics impregnated with porphyrin compounds for use as photo-bactericidal polymers. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 59:661-668. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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30
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Alzate-Carvajal N, Basiuk EV, Meza-Laguna V, Puente-Lee I, Farías MH, Bogdanchikova N, Basiuk VA. Solvent-free one-step covalent functionalization of graphene oxide and nanodiamond with amines. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra22658b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Solvent-free covalent functionalization of graphene oxide and nanodiamond with amines was performed in one step at 150–180 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Alzate-Carvajal
- Centro de Ciencias Aplicadas y Desarrollo Tecnológico
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Ciudad de México
- Mexico
| | - Elena V. Basiuk
- Centro de Ciencias Aplicadas y Desarrollo Tecnológico
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Ciudad de México
- Mexico
| | - Victor Meza-Laguna
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Ciudad de México
- Mexico
| | - Iván Puente-Lee
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Ciudad de México
- Mexico
| | - Mario H. Farías
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Ensenada
- Mexico
| | - Nina Bogdanchikova
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Ensenada
- Mexico
| | - Vladimir A. Basiuk
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Ciudad de México
- Mexico
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31
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Elschner T, Lüdecke C, Kalden D, Roth M, Löffler B, Jandt KD, Heinze T. Zwitterionic Cellulose Carbamate with Regioselective Substitution Pattern: A Coating Material Possessing Antimicrobial Activity. Macromol Biosci 2015; 16:522-34. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201500349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Elschner
- Center of Excellence for Polysaccharide Research; Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry; Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Claudia Lüdecke
- Materials Science; Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research; Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Löbdergraben 32 07743 Jena Germany
- Jena Center of Microbial Communication (JCMC); Neugasse 23 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Diana Kalden
- Center of Excellence for Polysaccharide Research; Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry; Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Martin Roth
- Bio Pilot Plant; Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology; Hans Knöll Institute; Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 23 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Bettina Löffler
- Institute of Medical Microbiology; Jena University Hospital; Erlanger Allee 101 07747 Jena Germany
| | - Klaus D. Jandt
- Materials Science; Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research; Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Löbdergraben 32 07743 Jena Germany
- Jena Center of Microbial Communication (JCMC); Neugasse 23 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Thomas Heinze
- Center of Excellence for Polysaccharide Research; Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry; Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Germany
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Taokaew S, Phisalaphong M, Newby BMZ. Modification of Bacterial Cellulose with Organosilanes to Improve Attachment and Spreading of Human Fibroblasts. CELLULOSE (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2015; 22:2311-2324. [PMID: 26478661 PMCID: PMC4607077 DOI: 10.1007/s10570-015-0651-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial Cellulose (BC) synthesized by Acetobacter xylinum has been a promising candidate for medical applications. Modifying BC to possess the properties needed for specific applications has been reported. In this study, BCs functionalized by organosilanes were hypothesized to improve the attachment and spreading of Normal Human Dermal Fibroblast (NHDF). The BC gels obtained from biosynthesis were dried by either ambient-air drying or freeze drying. The surfaces of those dried BCs were chemically modified by grafting methyl terminated octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) or amine terminated 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) to expectedly increase hydrophobic or electrostatic interactions with NHDF cells, respectively. NHDF cells improved their attachment and spreading on the majority of APTES-modified BCs (∼70-80% of area coverage by cells) with more rapid growth (∼2.6-2.8× after incubations from 24 to 48h) than on tissue culture polystyrene (∼2×); while the inverse results (< 5% of area coverage and stationary growth) were observed on the OTS-modified BCs. For organosilane modified BCs, the drying method had no effect on in vitro cell attachment/spreading behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriporn Taokaew
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325-3906, United States
| | - Muenduen Phisalaphong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Bi-min Zhang Newby
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325-3906, United States
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Edwards JV, Prevost NT, French AD, Concha M, Condon BD. Kinetic and structural analysis of fluorescent peptides on cotton cellulose nanocrystals as elastase sensors. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 116:278-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Role of surface modification and mechanical orientation on property enhancement of cellulose nanocrystals/polymer nanocomposites. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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35
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Bhattacharya S, Roychowdhury A, Das D, Nayar S. Multi-functional biomimetic graphene induced transformation of Fe3O4 to ε-Fe2O3 at room temperature. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra17247k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A schematic showing the formation of nanosized ε-Fe2O3 in protein–polymer functionalized graphene; the templated IONPs literally coat the graphene nanoflakes. G–IONP colloidal fluid, TEM and MFM micrographs provide visual evidence of the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Bhattacharya
- Material Science and Technology Division
- CSIR-National Metallurgical Laboratory
- Jamshedpur-831007
- India
| | - Anirban Roychowdhury
- UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research
- Kolkata-700098
- India
- Department of Physics
- Krishnath College
| | - Dipankar Das
- UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research
- Kolkata-700098
- India
| | - Suprabha Nayar
- Material Science and Technology Division
- CSIR-National Metallurgical Laboratory
- Jamshedpur-831007
- India
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36
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Hemraz UD, Campbell KA, Burdick JS, Ckless K, Boluk Y, Sunasee R. Cationic Poly(2-aminoethylmethacrylate) and Poly(N-(2-aminoethylmethacrylamide) Modified Cellulose Nanocrystals: Synthesis, Characterization, and Cytotoxicity. Biomacromolecules 2014; 16:319-25. [DOI: 10.1021/bm501516r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Usha D. Hemraz
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta and National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
- National Research Council, 6100
Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, Quebec H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Kendra A. Campbell
- Department
of Chemistry, Cape Breton University, 1250 Grand Lake Road, Sydney, Nova Scotia B1P 6L2, Canada
| | - James S. Burdick
- Department
of Chemistry, State University of New York at Plattsburgh, Plattsburgh, New York 12901, United States
| | - Karina Ckless
- Department
of Chemistry, State University of New York at Plattsburgh, Plattsburgh, New York 12901, United States
| | - Yaman Boluk
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta and National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Rajesh Sunasee
- Department
of Chemistry, Cape Breton University, 1250 Grand Lake Road, Sydney, Nova Scotia B1P 6L2, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, State University of New York at Plattsburgh, Plattsburgh, New York 12901, United States
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Schyrr B, Pasche S, Voirin G, Weder C, Simon YC, Foster EJ. Biosensors based on porous cellulose nanocrystal-poly(vinyl alcohol) scaffolds. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:12674-12683. [PMID: 24955644 DOI: 10.1021/am502670u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), which offer a high aspect ratio, large specific surface area, and large number of reactive surface groups, are well suited for the facile immobilization of high density biological probes. We here report functional high surface area scaffolds based on cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and demonstrate that this platform is useful for fluorescence-based sensing schemes. Porous CNC/PVA nanocomposite films with a thickness of 25-70 nm were deposited on glass substrates by dip-coating with an aqueous mixture of the CNCs and PVA, and the porous nanostructure was fixated by heat treatment. In a subsequent step, a portion of the scaffold's hydroxyl surface groups was reacted with 2-(acryloxy)ethyl (3-isocyanato-4-methylphenyl)carbamate to permit the immobilization of thiolated fluorescein-substituted lysine, which was used as a first sensing motif, via nucleophile-based thiol-ene Michael addition. The resulting sensor films exhibit a nearly instantaneous and pronounced change of their fluorescence emission intensity in response to changes in pH. The approach was further extended to the detection of protease activity by immobilizing a Förster-type resonance energy transfer chromophore pair via a labile peptide sequence to the scaffold. This sensing scheme is based on the degradation of the protein linker in the presence of appropriate enzymes, which separate the chromophores and causes a turn-on of the originally quenched fluorescence. Using a standard benchtop spectrometer to monitor the increase in fluorescence intensity, trypsin was detected at a concentration of 250 μg/mL, i.e., in a concentration that is typical for abnormal proteolytic activity in wound fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Schyrr
- CSEM Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique SA , Jaquet-Droz 1, CH-2002 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Uth C, Zielonka S, Hörner S, Rasche N, Plog A, Orelma H, Avrutina O, Zhang K, Kolmar H. A chemoenzymatic approach to protein immobilization onto crystalline cellulose nanoscaffolds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:12618-23. [PMID: 25070515 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201404616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The immobilization of bioactive molecules onto nanocellulose leads to constructs that combine the properties of the grafted compounds with the biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity of cellulose carriers and the advantages given by their nanometer dimensions. However, the methods commonly used for protein grafting suffer from lack of selectivity, long reaction times, nonphysiological pH ranges and solvents, and the necessity to develop a tailor-made reaction strategy for each individual case. To overcome these restrictions, a generic two-step procedure was developed that takes advantage of the highly efficient oxime ligation combined with enzyme-mediated protein coupling onto the surface of peptide-modified crystalline nanocellulose. The described method is based on efficient and orthogonal transformations, requires no organic solvents, and takes place under physiological conditions. Being site-directed and regiospecific, it could be applied to a vast number of functional proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Uth
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, 64287 Darmstadt (Germany)
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Uth C, Zielonka S, Hörner S, Rasche N, Plog A, Orelma H, Avrutina O, Zhang K, Kolmar H. Eine chemoenzymatische Kupplungsstrategie zur Immobilisierung von Proteinen auf kristalliner Nanocellulose. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201404616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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40
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Gade CR, Sharma NK. Synthesis and spectroscopic studies of berberine immobilized modified cellulose material. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra06015f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This report describes the synthesis, characterization and spectroscopic studies of berberine immobilized modified cellulose materials, which could be a promising new biocompatible fluorescence material because berberine is a natural fluorescent molecule having important pharmacological aspects including selective binding with DNA G-quadruplex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrasekhar Reddy Gade
- School of Chemical Sciences
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)
- IOP Campus
- Bhubaneswar-751005, India
| | - Nagendra K. Sharma
- School of Chemical Sciences
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)
- IOP Campus
- Bhubaneswar-751005, India
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41
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Hemraz UD, Boluk Y, Sunasee R. Amine-decorated nanocrystalline cellulose surfaces: synthesis, characterization, and surface properties. CAN J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2013-0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this present work, terminal amino-functionalized nanocrystalline cellulose derivatives were prepared using a simple two-step protecting group-free protocol under aqueous reaction conditions at room temperature. Carboxylate groups were first introduced onto the surface of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) via a TEMPO-mediated oxidation. Then, reaction of surface-carboxylated NCC with bifunctional amines of small alkyl chain length by EDC/NHS-mediated coupling furnished the desired aminated NCC via an amide linkage. Surface covalent functionalization was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Size, surface charge, morphology, and thermal properties were obtained by various techniques. STEM images revealed no change in structure and morphology of the materials after TEMPO-mediated oxidation but a slight agglomeration was observed after surface covalent functionalization with diamines. While amide linkage confers stability, terminal primary amine groups on the surface of NCC represent a versatile reactive functional group for bioconjugation with other biomolecules for potential biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha D. Hemraz
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T62 2G2, Canada
- National Institute for Nanotechnology of the National Research Council of Canada, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Yaman Boluk
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T62 2G2, Canada
- National Institute for Nanotechnology of the National Research Council of Canada, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Rajesh Sunasee
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Plattsburgh, Plattsburgh, NY 12901, USA
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