1
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Nguyen MU, Iqbal J, Potgieter S, Huang W, Pfeffer J, Woo S, Zhao C, Lawlor M, Yang R, Rizly R, Halstead A, Dent S, Sáenz JB, Zheng H, Yuan ZF, Sidoli S, Ellison CE, P. Verzi M. KAT2A and KAT2B prevent double-stranded RNA accumulation and interferon signaling to maintain intestinal stem cell renewal. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadl1584. [PMID: 39110797 PMCID: PMC11305398 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl1584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Histone acetyltransferases KAT2A and KAT2B are paralogs highly expressed in the intestinal epithelium, but their functions are not well understood. In this study, double knockout of murine Kat2 genes in the intestinal epithelium was lethal, resulting in robust activation of interferon signaling and interferon-associated phenotypes including the loss of intestinal stem cells. Use of pharmacological agents and sterile organoid cultures indicated a cell-intrinsic double-stranded RNA trigger for interferon signaling. Acetyl-proteomics and sequencing of immunoprecipitated double-stranded RNA were used to interrogate the mechanism behind this response, which identified mitochondria-encoded double-stranded RNA as the source of intrinsic interferon signaling. Kat2a and Kat2b therefore play an essential role in regulating mitochondrial functions and maintaining intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai-Uyen Nguyen
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Jahangir Iqbal
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Sarah Potgieter
- Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Winston Huang
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Julie Pfeffer
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Sean Woo
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Caifeng Zhao
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Matthew Lawlor
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Richard Yang
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Rahma Rizly
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Angela Halstead
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Molecular Cell Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sharon Dent
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - José B. Sáenz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Molecular Cell Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Haiyan Zheng
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Zuo-Fei Yuan
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Simone Sidoli
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Christopher E. Ellison
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Michael P. Verzi
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Division of Environmental & Population Health Biosciences, EOHSI, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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2
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Mangiavacchi A, Morelli G, Reppe S, Saera-Vila A, Liu P, Eggerschwiler B, Zhang H, Bensaddek D, Casanova EA, Medina Gomez C, Prijatelj V, Della Valle F, Atinbayeva N, Izpisua Belmonte JC, Rivadeneira F, Cinelli P, Gautvik KM, Orlando V. LINE-1 RNA triggers matrix formation in bone cells via a PKR-mediated inflammatory response. EMBO J 2024:10.1038/s44318-024-00143-z. [PMID: 38951609 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00143-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile genetic modules of viral derivation that have been co-opted to become modulators of mammalian gene expression. TEs are a major source of endogenous dsRNAs, signaling molecules able to coordinate inflammatory responses in various physiological processes. Here, we provide evidence for a positive involvement of TEs in inflammation-driven bone repair and mineralization. In newly fractured mice bone, we observed an early transient upregulation of repeats occurring concurrently with the initiation of the inflammatory stage. In human bone biopsies, analysis revealed a significant correlation between repeats expression, mechanical stress and bone mineral density. We investigated a potential link between LINE-1 (L1) expression and bone mineralization by delivering a synthetic L1 RNA to osteoporotic patient-derived mesenchymal stem cells and observed a dsRNA-triggered protein kinase (PKR)-mediated stress response that led to strongly increased mineralization. This response was associated with a strong and transient inflammation, accompanied by a global translation attenuation induced by eIF2α phosphorylation. We demonstrated that L1 transfection reshaped the secretory profile of osteoblasts, triggering a paracrine activity that stimulated the mineralization of recipient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Mangiavacchi
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Thuwal, 23500-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Gabriele Morelli
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Thuwal, 23500-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sjur Reppe
- Oslo University Hospital, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo, Norway
- Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Unger-Vetlesen Institute, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo University Hospital, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Peng Liu
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Thuwal, 23500-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Benjamin Eggerschwiler
- Department of Trauma, University Hospital Zurich, Sternwartstrasse 14, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
- Life Science Zurich Graduate School, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Huoming Zhang
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23500-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalila Bensaddek
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23500-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Elisa A Casanova
- Sequentia Biotech, Carrer Comte D'Urgell 240, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | | | - Vid Prijatelj
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Francesco Della Valle
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Thuwal, 23500-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Altos Labs, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Nazerke Atinbayeva
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Thuwal, 23500-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paolo Cinelli
- Sequentia Biotech, Carrer Comte D'Urgell 240, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
- Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Valerio Orlando
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Thuwal, 23500-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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3
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Das S, Zea Rojas MP, Tran EJ. Novel insights on the positive correlation between sense and antisense pairs on gene expression. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2024; 15:e1864. [PMID: 39087253 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
A considerable proportion of the eukaryotic genome undergoes transcription, leading to the generation of noncoding RNA molecules that lack protein-coding information and are not subjected to translation. These noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are well recognized to have essential roles in several biological processes. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) represent the most extensive category of ncRNAs found in the human genome. Much research has focused on investigating the roles of cis-acting lncRNAs in the regulation of specific target gene expression. In the majority of instances, the regulation of sense gene expression by its corresponding antisense pair occurs in a negative (discordant) manner, resulting in the suppression of the target genes. The notion that a negative correlation exists between sense and antisense pairings is, however, not universally valid. In fact, several recent studies have reported a positive relationship between corresponding cis antisense pairs within plants, budding yeast, and mammalian cancer cells. The positive (concordant) correlation between anti-sense and sense transcripts leads to an increase in the level of the sense transcript within the same genomic loci. In addition, mechanisms such as altering chromatin structure, the formation of R loops, and the recruitment of transcription factors can either enhance transcription or stabilize sense transcripts through their antisense pairs. The primary objective of this work is to provide a comprehensive understanding of both aspects of antisense regulation, specifically focusing on the positive correlation between sense and antisense transcripts in the context of eukaryotic gene expression, including its implications towards cancer progression. This article is categorized under: RNA Processing > 3' End Processing Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhadeep Das
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
- Purdue University Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth J Tran
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
- Purdue University Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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4
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Cabané P, Correa C, Bode I, Aguilar R, Elorza AA. Biomarkers in Thyroid Cancer: Emerging Opportunities from Non-Coding RNAs and Mitochondrial Space. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6719. [PMID: 38928426 PMCID: PMC11204084 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer diagnosis primarily relies on imaging techniques and cytological analyses. In cases where the diagnosis is uncertain, the quantification of molecular markers has been incorporated after cytological examination. This approach helps physicians to make surgical decisions, estimate cancer aggressiveness, and monitor the response to treatments. Despite the availability of commercial molecular tests, their widespread use has been hindered in our experience due to cost constraints and variability between them. Thus, numerous groups are currently evaluating new molecular markers that ultimately will lead to improved diagnostic certainty, as well as better classification of prognosis and recurrence. In this review, we start reviewing the current preoperative testing methodologies, followed by a comprehensive review of emerging molecular markers. We focus on micro RNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and mitochondrial (mt) signatures, including mtDNA genes and circulating cell-free mtDNA. We envision that a robust set of molecular markers will complement the national and international clinical guides for proper assessment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Cabané
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Clinica INDISA, Santiago 7520440, Chile; (P.C.); (C.C.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370071, Chile
- Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Claudio Correa
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Clinica INDISA, Santiago 7520440, Chile; (P.C.); (C.C.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370071, Chile
| | - Ignacio Bode
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370071, Chile;
| | - Rodrigo Aguilar
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370071, Chile;
| | - Alvaro A. Elorza
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370071, Chile;
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5
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Sales Conniff A, Tur J, Kohena K, Zhang M, Gibbons J, Heller LC. DNA Electrotransfer Regulates Molecular Functions in Skeletal Muscle. Bioelectricity 2024; 6:80-90. [PMID: 39119567 PMCID: PMC11304878 DOI: 10.1089/bioe.2022.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Tissues, such as skeletal muscle, have been targeted for the delivery of plasmid DNA (pDNA) encoding vaccines and therapeutics. The application of electric pulses (electroporation or electrotransfer) increases cell membrane permeability to enhance plasmid delivery and expression. However, the molecular effects of DNA electrotransfer on the muscle tissue are poorly characterized. Materials and Methods Four hours after intramuscular plasmid electrotransfer, we evaluated gene expression changes by RNA sequencing. Differentially expressed genes were analyzed by gene ontology (GO) pathway enrichment analysis. Results GO analysis highlighted many enriched molecular functions. The terms regulated by pulse application were related to muscle stress, the cytoskeleton and inflammation. The terms regulated by pDNA injection were related to a DNA-directed response and its control. Several terms regulated by pDNA electrotransfer were similar to those regulated by pulse application. However, the terms related to pDNA injection differed, focusing on entry of the plasmid into the cells and intracellular trafficking. Conclusion Each muscle stimulus resulted in specific regulated molecular functions. Identifying the unique intrinsic molecular changes driven by intramuscular DNA electrotransfer will aid in the design of preventative and therapeutic gene therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Sales Conniff
- Department of Medical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Jared Tur
- Department of Medical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Kristopher Kohena
- Department of Medical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Min Zhang
- USF Genomics Core, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Justin Gibbons
- USF Omics Hub, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Loree C. Heller
- Department of Medical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
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6
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Larouche JD, Laumont CM, Trofimov A, Vincent K, Hesnard L, Brochu S, Côté C, Humeau JF, Bonneil É, Lanoix J, Durette C, Gendron P, Laverdure JP, Richie ER, Lemieux S, Thibault P, Perreault C. Transposable elements regulate thymus development and function. eLife 2024; 12:RP91037. [PMID: 38635416 PMCID: PMC11026094 DOI: 10.7554/elife.91037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Transposable elements (TEs) are repetitive sequences representing ~45% of the human and mouse genomes and are highly expressed by medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs). In this study, we investigated the role of TEs on T-cell development in the thymus. We performed multiomic analyses of TEs in human and mouse thymic cells to elucidate their role in T-cell development. We report that TE expression in the human thymus is high and shows extensive age- and cell lineage-related variations. TE expression correlates with multiple transcription factors in all cell types of the human thymus. Two cell types express particularly broad TE repertoires: mTECs and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). In mTECs, transcriptomic data suggest that TEs interact with transcription factors essential for mTEC development and function (e.g., PAX1 and REL), and immunopeptidomic data showed that TEs generate MHC-I-associated peptides implicated in thymocyte education. Notably, AIRE, FEZF2, and CHD4 regulate small yet non-redundant sets of TEs in murine mTECs. Human thymic pDCs homogenously express large numbers of TEs that likely form dsRNA, which can activate innate immune receptors, potentially explaining why thymic pDCs constitutively secrete IFN ɑ/β. This study highlights the diversity of interactions between TEs and the adaptive immune system. TEs are genetic parasites, and the two thymic cell types most affected by TEs (mTEcs and pDCs) are essential to establishing central T-cell tolerance. Therefore, we propose that orchestrating TE expression in thymic cells is critical to prevent autoimmunity in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-David Larouche
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de MontréalMontrealCanada
- Department of Medicine, Université de MontréalMontréalCanada
| | - Céline M Laumont
- Deeley Research Centre, BC CancerVictoriaCanada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Assya Trofimov
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de MontréalMontrealCanada
- Department of Computer Science and Operations Research, Université de MontréalMontréalCanada
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleUnited States
- Department of Physics, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Krystel Vincent
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de MontréalMontrealCanada
| | - Leslie Hesnard
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de MontréalMontrealCanada
| | - Sylvie Brochu
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de MontréalMontrealCanada
| | - Caroline Côté
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de MontréalMontrealCanada
| | - Juliette F Humeau
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de MontréalMontrealCanada
| | - Éric Bonneil
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de MontréalMontrealCanada
| | - Joel Lanoix
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de MontréalMontrealCanada
| | - Chantal Durette
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de MontréalMontrealCanada
| | - Patrick Gendron
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de MontréalMontrealCanada
| | | | - Ellen R Richie
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
| | - Sébastien Lemieux
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de MontréalMontrealCanada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de MontréalMontrealCanada
| | - Pierre Thibault
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de MontréalMontrealCanada
- Department of Chemistry, Université de MontréalMontréalCanada
| | - Claude Perreault
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de MontréalMontrealCanada
- Department of Medicine, Université de MontréalMontréalCanada
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7
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Werner A, Kanhere A, Wahlestedt C, Mattick JS. Natural antisense transcripts as versatile regulators of gene expression. Nat Rev Genet 2024:10.1038/s41576-024-00723-z. [PMID: 38632496 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-024-00723-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as a major class of gene products that have central roles in cell and developmental biology. Natural antisense transcripts (NATs) are an important subset of lncRNAs that are expressed from the opposite strand of protein-coding and non-coding genes and are a genome-wide phenomenon in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. In eukaryotes, a myriad of NATs participate in regulatory pathways that affect expression of their cognate sense genes. Recent developments in the study of NATs and lncRNAs and large-scale sequencing and bioinformatics projects suggest that whether NATs regulate expression, splicing, stability or translation of the sense transcript is influenced by the pattern and degrees of overlap between the sense-antisense pair. Moreover, epigenetic gene regulatory mechanisms prevail in somatic cells whereas mechanisms dependent on the formation of double-stranded RNA intermediates are prevalent in germ cells. The modulating effects of NATs on sense transcript expression make NATs rational targets for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - John S Mattick
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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8
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Takahashi Ueda M. Retrotransposon-derived transcripts and their functions in immunity and disease. Genes Genet Syst 2024; 98:305-319. [PMID: 38199240 DOI: 10.1266/ggs.23-00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Retrotransposons, which account for approximately 42% of the human genome, have been increasingly recognized as "non-self" pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) due to their virus-like sequences. In abnormal conditions such as cancer and viral infections, retrotransposons that are aberrantly expressed due to impaired epigenetic suppression display PAMPs, leading to their recognition by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) of the innate immune system and triggering inflammation. This viral mimicry mechanism has been observed in various human diseases, including aging and autoimmune disorders. However, recent evidence suggests that retrotransposons possess highly regulated immune reactivity and play important roles in the development and function of the immune system. In this review, I discuss a wide range of retrotransposon-derived transcripts, their role as targets in immune recognition, and the diseases associated with retrotransposon activity. Furthermore, I explore the implications of chimeric transcripts formed between retrotransposons and known gene mRNAs, which have been previously underestimated, for the increase of immune-related gene isoforms and their influence on immune function. Retrotransposon-derived transcripts have profound and multifaceted effects on immune system function. The aim of this comprehensive review is to provide a better understanding of the complex relationship between retrotransposon transcripts and immune defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahoko Takahashi Ueda
- Department of Genomic Function and Diversity, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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9
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Pallavi R, Gatti E, Durfort T, Stendardo M, Ravasio R, Leonardi T, Falvo P, Duso BA, Punzi S, Xieraili A, Polazzi A, Verrelli D, Trastulli D, Ronzoni S, Frascolla S, Perticari G, Elgendy M, Varasi M, Colombo E, Giorgio M, Lanfrancone L, Minucci S, Mazzarella L, Pelicci PG. Caloric restriction leads to druggable LSD1-dependent cancer stem cells expansion. Nat Commun 2024; 15:828. [PMID: 38280853 PMCID: PMC10821871 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44348-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Caloric Restriction (CR) has established anti-cancer effects, but its clinical relevance and molecular mechanism remain largely undefined. Here, we investigate CR's impact on several mouse models of Acute Myeloid Leukemias, including Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia, a subtype strongly affected by obesity. After an initial marked anti-tumor effect, lethal disease invariably re-emerges. Initially, CR leads to cell-cycle restriction, apoptosis, and inhibition of TOR and insulin/IGF1 signaling. The relapse, instead, is associated with the non-genetic selection of Leukemia Initiating Cells and the downregulation of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) sensing and Interferon (IFN) signaling genes. The CR-induced adaptive phenotype is highly sensitive to pharmacological or genetic ablation of LSD1, a lysine demethylase regulating both stem cells and dsRNA/ IFN signaling. CR + LSD1 inhibition leads to the re-activation of dsRNA/IFN signaling, massive RNASEL-dependent apoptosis, and complete leukemia eradication in ~90% of mice. Importantly, CR-LSD1 interaction can be modeled in vivo and in vitro by combining LSD1 ablation with pharmacological inhibitors of insulin/IGF1 or dual PI3K/MEK blockade. Mechanistically, insulin/IGF1 inhibition sensitizes blasts to LSD1-induced death by inhibiting the anti-apoptotic factor CFLAR. CR and LSD1 inhibition also synergize in patient-derived AML and triple-negative breast cancer xenografts. Our data provide a rationale for epi-metabolic pharmacologic combinations across multiple tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rani Pallavi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Gatti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Tiphanie Durfort
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Stendardo
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Ravasio
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Tommaso Leonardi
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Falvo
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Bruno Achutti Duso
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Punzi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Aobuli Xieraili
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Polazzi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Doriana Verrelli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Deborah Trastulli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Ronzoni
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Frascolla
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Perticari
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Mohamed Elgendy
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Medical Clinic I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Mildred-Scheel Early Career Center, National Center for Tumor Diseases Dresden (NCT/UCC) University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, CZ-14220, Czech Republic
| | - Mario Varasi
- IFOM ETS - The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Colombo
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Universita' Statale di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Giorgio
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Luisa Lanfrancone
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Saverio Minucci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Universita' Statale di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Mazzarella
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
| | - Pier Giuseppe Pelicci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Universita' Statale di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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10
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Sadeq S, Chitcharoen S, Al-Hashimi S, Rattanaburi S, Casement J, Werner A. Significant Variations in Double-Stranded RNA Levels in Cultured Skin Cells. Cells 2024; 13:226. [PMID: 38334619 PMCID: PMC10854852 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Endogenous double-stranded RNA has emerged as a potent stimulator of innate immunity. Under physiological conditions, endogenous dsRNA is maintained in the cell nucleus or the mitochondria; however, if protective mechanisms are breached, it leaches into the cytoplasm and triggers immune signaling pathways. Ectopic activation of innate immune pathways is associated with various diseases and senescence and can trigger apoptosis. Hereby, the level of cytoplasmic dsRNA is crucial. We have enriched dsRNA from two melanoma cell lines and primary dermal fibroblasts, including a competing probe, and analyzed the dsRNA transcriptome using RNA sequencing. There was a striking difference in read counts between the cell lines and the primary cells, and the effect was confirmed by northern blotting and immunocytochemistry. Both mitochondria (10-20%) and nuclear transcription (80-90%) contributed significantly to the dsRNA transcriptome. The mitochondrial contribution was lower in the cancer cells compared to fibroblasts. The expression of different transposable element families was comparable, suggesting a general up-regulation of transposable element expression rather than stimulation of a specific sub-family. Sequencing of the input control revealed minor differences in dsRNA processing pathways with an upregulation of oligoadenylate synthase and RNP125 that negatively regulates the dsRNA sensors RIG1 and MDA5. Moreover, RT-qPCR, Western blotting, and immunocytochemistry confirmed the relatively minor adaptations to the hugely different dsRNA levels. As a consequence, these transformed cell lines are potentially less tolerant to interventions that increase the formation of endogenous dsRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaymaa Sadeq
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (S.S.); (S.A.-H.)
- Fallujah College of Medicine, University of Fallujah, Al-Fallujah 31002, Iraq
| | - Suwalak Chitcharoen
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
- Center of Excellence in Systems Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Surar Al-Hashimi
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (S.S.); (S.A.-H.)
- College of Medicine, University of Misan, Al-Sader Teaching Hospital, Amarah 62001, Iraq
| | - Somruthai Rattanaburi
- Center of Excellence in Systems Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - John Casement
- Bioinformatics Support Unit, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK;
| | - Andreas Werner
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (S.S.); (S.A.-H.)
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11
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Yang Z, Zhou J, Li Z, Guo J, Fang L, Xiao X, Xiao S. Identification of whole-cell dsRNA-binding proteins by phase separation. RNA Biol 2024; 21:32-45. [PMID: 39115224 PMCID: PMC11312991 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2024.2386498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Interactions between double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and proteins play an important role in cellular homeostasis by regulating the editing, stability, and splicing of intracellular RNA. The identification of dsRNA-binding proteins (dsRBPs) is key; however, it has long been challenging to purify dsRBPs from cells. In this study, we developed a novel method, dsRBPC (dsRNA-binding protein capture), to purify cellular dsRBPs based on classic phase separation purification procedures. A global dsRNA-binding proteome of LLC-PK1 cells was obtained, and we identified 1326 dsRBPs, including 1303 putative novel dsRBPs. Functional analyses suggested that these enriched dsRBPs are mainly associated with rRNA processing, RNA splicing, transcriptional regulation, and nucleocytoplasmic transport. We also found that the ARM (armadillo/beta-catenin-like repeats) motif is a previously unknown dsRNA-binding domain, as demonstrated by biochemical experiments. Collectively, this study provides a useful approach for dsRBP identification and the discovery of a global dsRNA-binding proteome to comprehensively map the dsRNA - protein interaction network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Junwei Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhuang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahui Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Liurong Fang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Xun Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaobo Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
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12
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Wang J, Li Y. Current advances in antiviral RNA interference in mammals. FEBS J 2024; 291:208-216. [PMID: 36652199 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Mammals have potent innate immune systems that work together to fight against a variety of distinct viruses. In addition to interferon (IFN) response, which has been intensively studied, antiviral RNA interference (RNAi) is gradually being studied. However, previous studies indicated low Dicer activity on double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) substrates in vitro and that IFN response masks or inhibits antiviral RNAi in mammals. Therefore, whether or not the RNAi is functional for antiviral response in mammalian somatic cells is still an ongoing area of research. In this review, we will present the current advances in antiviral RNAi in mammals and focus on three fundamental questions critical to the intense debate about whether RNAi can function as an innate antiviral immunity in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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13
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Cardoso FM, Elias A, Pereira I, Maurício I, Matos O. Improved dsRNA isolation and purification method validated by viral dsRNA detection using novel primers in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. MethodsX 2023; 11:102435. [PMID: 37876828 PMCID: PMC10591000 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2023.102435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate genomic sequencing demands high-quality double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). Existing methods for dsRNA extraction from yeast, fungi, and plants primarily rely on cellulose, suitable only for small volume extractions, or the time-consuming lithium chloride precipitation. To streamline the traditional phenol-chloroform-based dsRNA extraction method, the main challenge is the reduction of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and Single Stranded RNA (ssRNA) to no detectable levels after gel electrophoresis. This challenge is successfully addressed through the modified approach described here, involving phenol extraction at low pH, followed by the addition of ammonium sulfate to the aqueous buffer. The dsRNA isolated using this novel method exhibits comparable quality to that obtained through cellulose purification, and it is readily amenable to RT-PCR. Moreover, a single batch of yeast cell RNA isolation requires only 2-3 h of hands-on time, thus simplifying and expediting the process significantly.•Buffers were redesigned from [32,33,35].•No DNASE, Ribonuclease A or beads were used during the purification.•Simple and inexpensive dsRNA extraction and purification method is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando M.H. Cardoso
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation Towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, Lisboa 1349-008, Portugal
| | | | - Inês Pereira
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation Towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, Lisboa 1349-008, Portugal
| | - Isabel Maurício
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation Towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, Lisboa 1349-008, Portugal
| | - Olga Matos
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation Towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, Lisboa 1349-008, Portugal
- Environmental Health Institute, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1649-028, Portugal
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14
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Man HSJ, Moosa VA, Singh A, Wu L, Granton JT, Juvet SC, Hoang CD, de Perrot M. Unlocking the potential of RNA-based therapeutics in the lung: current status and future directions. Front Genet 2023; 14:1281538. [PMID: 38075698 PMCID: PMC10703483 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1281538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Awareness of RNA-based therapies has increased after the widespread adoption of mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 pandemic. These mRNA vaccines had a significant impact on reducing lung disease and mortality. They highlighted the potential for rapid development of RNA-based therapies and advances in nanoparticle delivery systems. Along with the rapid advancement in RNA biology, including the description of noncoding RNAs as major products of the genome, this success presents an opportunity to highlight the potential of RNA as a therapeutic modality. Here, we review the expanding compendium of RNA-based therapies, their mechanisms of action and examples of application in the lung. The airways provide a convenient conduit for drug delivery to the lungs with decreased systemic exposure. This review will also describe other delivery methods, including local delivery to the pleura and delivery vehicles that can target the lung after systemic administration, each providing access options that are advantageous for a specific application. We present clinical trials of RNA-based therapy in lung disease and potential areas for future directions. This review aims to provide an overview that will bring together researchers and clinicians to advance this burgeoning field.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. S. Jeffrey Man
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Respirology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vaneeza A. Moosa
- Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anand Singh
- Thoracic Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Licun Wu
- Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John T. Granton
- Division of Respirology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen C. Juvet
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Respirology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chuong D. Hoang
- Thoracic Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Marc de Perrot
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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15
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Poller W, Sahoo S, Hajjar R, Landmesser U, Krichevsky AM. Exploration of the Noncoding Genome for Human-Specific Therapeutic Targets-Recent Insights at Molecular and Cellular Level. Cells 2023; 12:2660. [PMID: 37998395 PMCID: PMC10670380 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
While it is well known that 98-99% of the human genome does not encode proteins, but are nevertheless transcriptionally active and give rise to a broad spectrum of noncoding RNAs [ncRNAs] with complex regulatory and structural functions, specific functions have so far been assigned to only a tiny fraction of all known transcripts. On the other hand, the striking observation of an overwhelmingly growing fraction of ncRNAs, in contrast to an only modest increase in the number of protein-coding genes, during evolution from simple organisms to humans, strongly suggests critical but so far essentially unexplored roles of the noncoding genome for human health and disease pathogenesis. Research into the vast realm of the noncoding genome during the past decades thus lead to a profoundly enhanced appreciation of the multi-level complexity of the human genome. Here, we address a few of the many huge remaining knowledge gaps and consider some newly emerging questions and concepts of research. We attempt to provide an up-to-date assessment of recent insights obtained by molecular and cell biological methods, and by the application of systems biology approaches. Specifically, we discuss current data regarding two topics of high current interest: (1) By which mechanisms could evolutionary recent ncRNAs with critical regulatory functions in a broad spectrum of cell types (neural, immune, cardiovascular) constitute novel therapeutic targets in human diseases? (2) Since noncoding genome evolution is causally linked to brain evolution, and given the profound interactions between brain and immune system, could human-specific brain-expressed ncRNAs play a direct or indirect (immune-mediated) role in human diseases? Synergistic with remarkable recent progress regarding delivery, efficacy, and safety of nucleic acid-based therapies, the ongoing large-scale exploration of the noncoding genome for human-specific therapeutic targets is encouraging to proceed with the development and clinical evaluation of novel therapeutic pathways suggested by these research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Poller
- Department for Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum Charité (DHZC), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12200 Berlin, Germany;
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Susmita Sahoo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1030, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Roger Hajjar
- Gene & Cell Therapy Institute, Mass General Brigham, 65 Landsdowne St, Suite 143, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;
| | - Ulf Landmesser
- Department for Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum Charité (DHZC), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12200 Berlin, Germany;
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna M. Krichevsky
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
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16
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Nguyen MU, Potgieter S, Huang W, Pfeffer J, Woo S, Zhao C, Lawlor M, Yang R, Halstead A, Dent S, Sáenz JB, Zheng H, Yuan ZF, Sidoli S, Ellison CE, Verzi M. KAT2 paralogs prevent dsRNA accumulation and interferon signaling to maintain intestinal stem cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.04.556156. [PMID: 37732252 PMCID: PMC10508741 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.04.556156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Histone acetyltransferases KAT2A and KAT2B are paralogs highly expressed in the intestinal epithelium, but their functions are not well understood. In this study, double knockout of murine Kat2 genes in the intestinal epithelium was lethal, resulting in robust activation of interferon signaling and interferon-associated phenotypes including the loss of intestinal stem cells. Use of pharmacological agents and sterile organoid cultures indicated a cell-intrinsic double-stranded RNA trigger for interferon signaling. Acetyl-proteomics and dsRIP-seq were employed to interrogate the mechanism behind this response, which identified mitochondria-encoded double-stranded RNA as the source of intrinsic interferon signaling. Kat2a and Kat2b therefore play an essential role in regulating mitochondrial functions as well as maintaining intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai-Uyen Nguyen
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Sarah Potgieter
- Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Winston Huang
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Julie Pfeffer
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Sean Woo
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Caifeng Zhao
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Matthew Lawlor
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Richard Yang
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Angela Halstead
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Sharon Dent
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - José B. Sáenz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Molecular Cell Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Haiyan Zheng
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Zuo-Fei Yuan
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | | | | | - Michael Verzi
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Division of Environmental & Population Health Biosciences, EOHSI, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ
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17
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Bronchain O, Ducos B, Putzer H, Delagrange M, Laalami S, Philippe-Caraty L, Saroul K, Ciapa B. Natural antisense transcription of presenilin in sea urchin reveals a possible role for natural antisense transcription in the general control of gene expression during development. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs261284. [PMID: 37345489 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
One presenilin gene (PSEN) is expressed in the sea urchin embryo, in the vegetal pole of the gastrula and then mainly in cilia cells located around the digestive system of the pluteus, as we recently have reported. PSEN expression must be accurately regulated for correct execution of these two steps of development. While investigating PSEN expression changes in embryos after expansion of endoderm with LiCl or of ectoderm with Zn2+ by whole-mount in situ hybridization (WISH) and quantitative PCR (qPCR), we detected natural antisense transcription of PSEN. We then found that Endo16 and Wnt5, markers of endo-mesoderm, and of Hnf6 and Gsc, markers of ectoderm, are also sense and antisense transcribed. We discuss that general gene expression could depend on both sense and antisense transcription. This mechanism, together with the PSEN gene, should be included in gene regulatory networks (GRNs) that theorize diverse processes in this species. We suggest that it would also be relevant to investigate natural antisense transcription of PSEN in the field of Alzheimer's disease (AD) where the role of human PSEN1 and PSEN2 is well known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odile Bronchain
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, UMR CNRS 9197, Université Paris-Saclay, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Ducos
- High Throughput qPCR Core Facility of the ENS, Université PSL, IBENS, Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole normale supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Harald Putzer
- CNRS, Université Paris Cité, Expression Génétique Microbienne, IBPC, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marine Delagrange
- High Throughput qPCR Core Facility of the ENS, Université PSL, IBENS, Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole normale supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Soumaya Laalami
- CNRS, Université Paris Cité, Expression Génétique Microbienne, IBPC, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Philippe-Caraty
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Krystel Saroul
- Institut CURIE, Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM U932, Immunité et Cancer, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Brigitte Ciapa
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, UMR CNRS 9197, Université Paris-Saclay, 75005 Paris, France
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18
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Parameswaran J, Zhang N, Braems E, Tilahun K, Pant DC, Yin K, Asress S, Heeren K, Banerjee A, Davis E, Schwartz SL, Conn GL, Bassell GJ, Van Den Bosch L, Jiang J. Antisense, but not sense, repeat expanded RNAs activate PKR/eIF2α-dependent ISR in C9ORF72 FTD/ALS. eLife 2023; 12:e85902. [PMID: 37073950 PMCID: PMC10188109 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
GGGGCC (G4C2) hexanucleotide repeat expansion in the C9ORF72 gene is the most common genetic cause of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The repeat is bidirectionally transcribed and confers gain of toxicity. However, the underlying toxic species is debated, and it is not clear whether antisense CCCCGG (C4G2) repeat expanded RNAs contribute to disease pathogenesis. Our study shows that C9ORF72 antisense C4G2 repeat expanded RNAs trigger the activation of the PKR/eIF2α-dependent integrated stress response independent of dipeptide repeat proteins that are produced through repeat-associated non-AUG-initiated translation, leading to global translation inhibition and stress granule formation. Reducing PKR levels with either siRNA or morpholinos mitigates integrated stress response and toxicity caused by the antisense C4G2 RNAs in cell lines, primary neurons, and zebrafish. Increased phosphorylation of PKR/eIF2α is also observed in the frontal cortex of C9ORF72 FTD/ALS patients. Finally, only antisense C4G2, but not sense G4C2, repeat expanded RNAs robustly activate the PKR/eIF2α pathway and induce aberrant stress granule formation. These results provide a mechanism by which antisense C4G2 repeat expanded RNAs elicit neuronal toxicity in FTD/ALS caused by C9ORF72 repeat expansions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nancy Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Elke Braems
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB, Campus GasthuisbergLeuvenBelgium
| | | | - Devesh C Pant
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Keena Yin
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Seneshaw Asress
- Department of Neurology, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Kara Heeren
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB, Campus GasthuisbergLeuvenBelgium
| | - Anwesha Banerjee
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Emma Davis
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | | | - Graeme L Conn
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Gary J Bassell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Ludo Van Den Bosch
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB, Campus GasthuisbergLeuvenBelgium
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
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19
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Duncan-Lowey J, Crabill E, Jarret A, Reed SCO, Roy CR. The Coxiella burnetii effector EmcB is a deubiquitinase that inhibits RIG-I signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2217602120. [PMID: 36893270 PMCID: PMC10089202 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2217602120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotes have cytosolic surveillance systems to detect invading microorganisms and initiate protective immune responses. In turn, host-adapted pathogens have evolved strategies to modulate these surveillance systems, which can promote dissemination and persistence in the host. The obligate intracellular pathogen Coxiella burnetii infects mammalian hosts without activating many innate immune sensors. The Defect in Organelle Trafficking/Intracellular Multiplication (Dot/Icm) protein secretion system is necessary for C. burnetii to establish a vacuolar niche inside of host cells, which sequesters these bacteria in a specialized organelle that could evade host surveillance systems. However, bacterial secretion systems often introduce agonists of immune sensors into the host cytosol during infection. For instance, nucleic acids are introduced to the host cytosol by the Dot/Icm system of Legionella pneumophila, which results in type I interferon production. Despite host infection requiring a homologous Dot/Icm system, C. burnetii does not induce type I interferon production during infection. Here, it was found that type I interferons are detrimental to C. burnetii infection and that C. burnetii blocks type I interferon production mediated by retionic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I) signaling. Two Dot/Icm effector proteins, EmcA and EmcB, are required for C. burnetii inhibition of RIG-I signaling. EmcB is sufficient to block RIG-I signaling and is a ubiquitin-specific cysteine protease capable of deconjugating ubiquitin chains from RIG-I that are necessary for signaling. EmcB preferentially cleaves K63-linked ubiquitin chains of three or more monomers, which represent ubiquitin chains that potently activate RIG-I signaling. Identification of a deubiquitinase encoded by C. burnetii provides insights into how a host-adapted pathogen antagonizes immune surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Duncan-Lowey
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06536
| | - Emerson Crabill
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06536
- Department of Biology, Angelo State University, San Angelo, TX76909
| | - Abigail Jarret
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06536
| | - Shawna C. O. Reed
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06536
| | - Craig R. Roy
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06536
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20
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Thomsen C, Røge R, Fred Å, Wanders A. Immunohistochemical detection of double-stranded RNA in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue. APMIS 2023; 131:197-205. [PMID: 36776120 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is produced during most viral infections, and immunohistochemical detection of dsRNA has been proposed as a potential screening marker for viral replication. The anti-dsRNA monoclonal antibody clone 9D5 is more sensitive than the established clone J2 but has not been validated in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue. This study aimed to test and compare the performance of the anti-dsRNA monoclonal antibodies, 9D5 and J2, in FFPE tissue using an automated staining platform. Archived clinical tissue samples with viral infections (n = 34) and uninfected controls (n = 30) were examined. Immunohistochemical staining for dsRNA (9D5 and J2) and virus-specific epitopes was performed. 9D5 provided a similar staining pattern but a higher signal-to-noise ratio than J2. The following proportions of virus-infected tissue samples were dsRNA-positive: SARS-CoV-2 (5/5), HPV (6/6), MCV (5/5), CMV (5/6), HSV (4/6), and EBV (0/6). Also, 18 of 30 uninfected samples were dsRNA positive, and an association between fixation time and intensity was observed. However, signals in all samples were markedly reduced by pretreatment with dsRNA-specific RNAse-III, indicating a specific reaction. In conclusion, dsRNA can be demonstrated in most viral infections with immunohistochemistry in FFPE tissue but with low clinical specificity. The antibody clone 9D5 performs better than clone J2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Thomsen
- Department of Pathology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Røge
- Department of Pathology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Åsa Fred
- Department of Pathology, Halmstad Hospital, Halmstad, Sweden.,Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alkwin Wanders
- Department of Pathology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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21
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Ochoa E, Ramirez P, Gonzalez E, De Mange J, Ray WJ, Bieniek KF, Frost B. Pathogenic tau-induced transposable element-derived dsRNA drives neuroinflammation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eabq5423. [PMID: 36608133 PMCID: PMC9821943 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq5423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Deposition of tau protein aggregates in the brain of affected individuals is a defining feature of "tauopathies," including Alzheimer's disease. Studies of human brain tissue and various model systems of tauopathy report that toxic forms of tau negatively affect nuclear and genomic architecture, identifying pathogenic tau-induced heterochromatin decondensation and consequent retrotransposon activation as a causal mediator of neurodegeneration. On the basis of their similarity to retroviruses, retrotransposons drive neuroinflammation via toxic intermediates, including double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). We find that dsRNA and dsRNA sensing machinery are elevated in astrocytes of postmortem brain tissue from patients with Alzheimer's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy and in brains of tau transgenic mice. Using a Drosophila model of tauopathy, we identify specific tau-induced retrotransposons that form dsRNA and find that pathogenic tau and heterochromatin decondensation causally drive dsRNA-mediated neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. Our study suggests that pathogenic tau-induced heterochromatin decondensation and retrotransposon activation cause elevation of inflammatory, transposable element-derived dsRNA in the adult brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Ochoa
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Paulino Ramirez
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Elias Gonzalez
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jasmine De Mange
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - William J. Ray
- The Neurodegeneration Consortium, Therapeutics Discovery Division, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kevin F. Bieniek
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Bess Frost
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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22
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Innate Immunity in Cardiovascular Diseases-Identification of Novel Molecular Players and Targets. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12010335. [PMID: 36615135 PMCID: PMC9821340 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12010335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
During the past few years, unexpected developments have driven studies in the field of clinical immunology. One driver of immense impact was the outbreak of a pandemic caused by the novel virus SARS-CoV-2. Excellent recent reviews address diverse aspects of immunological re-search into cardiovascular diseases. Here, we specifically focus on selected studies taking advantage of advanced state-of-the-art molecular genetic methods ranging from genome-wide epi/transcriptome mapping and variant scanning to optogenetics and chemogenetics. First, we discuss the emerging clinical relevance of advanced diagnostics for cardiovascular diseases, including those associated with COVID-19-with a focus on the role of inflammation in cardiomyopathies and arrhythmias. Second, we consider newly identified immunological interactions at organ and system levels which affect cardiovascular pathogenesis. Thus, studies into immune influences arising from the intestinal system are moving towards therapeutic exploitation. Further, powerful new research tools have enabled novel insight into brain-immune system interactions at unprecedented resolution. This latter line of investigation emphasizes the strength of influence of emotional stress-acting through defined brain regions-upon viral and cardiovascular disorders. Several challenges need to be overcome before the full impact of these far-reaching new findings will hit the clinical arena.
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23
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Ye Q, Hickey J, Summers K, Falatovich B, Gencheva M, Eubank TD, Ivanov AV, Guo NL. Multi-Omics Immune Interaction Networks in Lung Cancer Tumorigenesis, Proliferation, and Survival. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314978. [PMID: 36499305 PMCID: PMC9738413 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
There are currently no effective biomarkers for prognosis and optimal treatment selection to improve non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) survival outcomes. This study further validated a seven-gene panel for diagnosis and prognosis of NSCLC using RNA sequencing and proteomic profiles of patient tumors. Within the seven-gene panel, ZNF71 expression combined with dendritic cell activities defined NSCLC patient subgroups (n = 966) with distinct survival outcomes (p = 0.04, Kaplan-Meier analysis). ZNF71 expression was significantly associated with the activities of natural killer cells (p = 0.014) and natural killer T cells (p = 0.003) in NSCLC patient tumors (n = 1016) using Chi-squared tests. Overexpression of ZNF71 resulted in decreased expression of multiple components of the intracellular intrinsic and innate immune systems, including dsRNA and dsDNA sensors. Multi-omics networks of ZNF71 and the intracellular intrinsic and innate immune systems were computed as relevant to NSCLC tumorigenesis, proliferation, and survival using patient clinical information and in-vitro CRISPR-Cas9/RNAi screening data. From these networks, pan-sensitive and pan-resistant genes to 21 NCCN-recommended drugs for treating NSCLC were selected. Based on the gene associations with patient survival and in-vitro CRISPR-Cas9, RNAi, and drug screening data, MEK1/2 inhibitors PD-198306 and U-0126, VEGFR inhibitor ZM-306416, and IGF-1R inhibitor PQ-401 were discovered as potential targeted therapy that may also induce an immune response for treating NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ye
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Justin Hickey
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Kathleen Summers
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | | | - Marieta Gencheva
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Timothy D. Eubank
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Alexey V. Ivanov
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
- Correspondence: (A.V.I.); (N.L.G.)
| | - Nancy Lan Guo
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
- Correspondence: (A.V.I.); (N.L.G.)
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24
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Di Giorgio E, Xodo LE. Endogenous Retroviruses (ERVs): Does RLR (RIG-I-Like Receptors)-MAVS Pathway Directly Control Senescence and Aging as a Consequence of ERV De-Repression? Front Immunol 2022; 13:917998. [PMID: 35757716 PMCID: PMC9218063 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.917998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bi-directional transcription of Human Endogenous Retroviruses (hERVs) is a common feature of autoimmunity, neurodegeneration and cancer. Higher rates of cancer incidence, neurodegeneration and autoimmunity but a lower prevalence of autoimmune diseases characterize elderly people. Although the re-expression of hERVs is commonly observed in different cellular models of senescence as a result of the loss of their epigenetic transcriptional silencing, the hERVs modulation during aging is more complex, with a peak of activation in the sixties and a decline in the nineties. What is clearly accepted, instead, is the impact of the re-activation of dormant hERV on the maintenance of stemness and tissue self-renewing properties. An innate cellular immunity system, based on the RLR-MAVS circuit, controls the degradation of dsRNAs arising from the transcription of hERV elements, similarly to what happens for the accumulation of cytoplasmic DNA leading to the activation of cGAS/STING pathway. While agonists and inhibitors of the cGAS-STING pathway are considered promising immunomodulatory molecules, the effect of the RLR-MAVS pathway on innate immunity is still largely based on correlations and not on causality. Here we review the most recent evidence regarding the activation of MDA5-RIG1-MAVS pathway as a result of hERV de-repression during aging, immunosenescence, cancer and autoimmunity. We will also deal with the epigenetic mechanisms controlling hERV repression and with the strategies that can be adopted to modulate hERV expression in a therapeutic perspective. Finally, we will discuss if the RLR-MAVS signalling pathway actively modulates physiological and pathological conditions or if it is passively activated by them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eros Di Giorgio
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Luigi E Xodo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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25
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Miller HE, Ilieva M, Bishop AJR, Uchida S. Current Status of Epitranscriptomic Marks Affecting lncRNA Structures and Functions. Noncoding RNA 2022; 8:ncrna8020023. [PMID: 35447886 PMCID: PMC9025719 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna8020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) belong to a class of non-protein-coding RNAs with their lengths longer than 200 nucleotides. Most of the mammalian genome is transcribed as RNA, yet only a small percent of the transcribed RNA corresponds to exons of protein-coding genes. Thus, the number of lncRNAs is predicted to be several times higher than that of protein-coding genes. Because of sheer number of lncRNAs, it is often difficult to elucidate the functions of all lncRNAs, especially those arising from their relationship to their binding partners, such as DNA, RNA, and proteins. Due to their binding to other macromolecules, it has become evident that the structures of lncRNAs influence their functions. In this regard, the recent development of epitranscriptomics (the field of study to investigate RNA modifications) has become important to further elucidate the structures and functions of lncRNAs. In this review, the current status of lncRNA structures and functions influenced by epitranscriptomic marks is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry E. Miller
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (H.E.M.); (A.J.R.B.)
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Bioinformatics Research Network, Atlanta, GA 30317, USA
| | - Mirolyuba Ilieva
- Center for RNA Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, DK-2450 Copenhagen SV, Denmark;
| | - Alexander J. R. Bishop
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (H.E.M.); (A.J.R.B.)
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- May’s Cancer Center, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Shizuka Uchida
- Center for RNA Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, DK-2450 Copenhagen SV, Denmark;
- Correspondence: or
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26
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Interdependent Transcription of a Natural Sense/Antisense Transcripts Pair (SLC34A1/PFN3). Noncoding RNA 2022; 8:ncrna8010019. [PMID: 35202092 PMCID: PMC8877773 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna8010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural antisense transcripts (NATs) constitute a significant group of regulatory, long noncoding RNAs. They are prominently expressed in testis but are also detectable in other organs. NATs are transcribed at low levels and co-expressed with related protein coding sense transcripts. Nowadays NATs are generally considered as regulatory, long noncoding RNAs without closer focus on the inevitable interference between sense and antisense expression. This work describes a cellular system where sense and antisense transcription of a specific locus (SLC34A1/PFN3) is induced using epigenetic modifiers and CRISPR-Cas9. The renal cell lines HEK293 and HKC-8 do not express SLC34A1/PFN3 under normal culture conditions. Five-day exposure to dexamethasone significantly stimulates sense transcript (SLC34A1) levels and antisense (PFN3) minimally; the effect is only seen in HEK293 cells. Enhanced expression is paralleled by reduced sense promoter methylation and an increase in activating histone marks. Expression is further modulated by cassettes that stimulate the expression of sense or antisense transcript but disrupt protein coding potential. Constitutive expression of a 5′-truncated SLC34A1 transcript increases sense expression independent of dexamethasone induction but also stimulates antisense expression. Concordant expression is confirmed with the antisense knock-in that also enhances sense expression. The antisense effect acts on transcription in cis since transient transfection with sense or antisense constructs fails to stimulate the expression of the opposite transcript. These results suggest that bi-directional transcription of the SLC34A1/PFN3 locus has a stimulatory influence on the expression of the opposite transcript involving epigenetic changes of the promoters. In perspective of extensive, previous research into bi-directionally transcribed SLC34A loci, the findings underpin a hypothesis where NATs display different biological roles in soma and germ cells. Accordingly, we propose that in somatic cells, NATs act like lncRNAs–with the benefit of close proximity to a potential target gene. In germ cells, however, recent evidence suggests different biological roles for NATs that require RNA complementarity and double-stranded RNA formation.
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27
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Guillemin A, Kumar A, Wencker M, Ricci EP. Shaping the Innate Immune Response Through Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression Mediated by RNA-Binding Proteins. Front Immunol 2022; 12:796012. [PMID: 35087521 PMCID: PMC8787094 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.796012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity is the frontline of defense against infections and tissue damage. It is a fast and semi-specific response involving a myriad of processes essential for protecting the organism. These reactions promote the clearance of danger by activating, among others, an inflammatory response, the complement cascade and by recruiting the adaptive immunity. Any disequilibrium in this functional balance can lead to either inflammation-mediated tissue damage or defense inefficiency. A dynamic and coordinated gene expression program lies at the heart of the innate immune response. This expression program varies depending on the cell-type and the specific danger signal encountered by the cell and involves multiple layers of regulation. While these are achieved mainly via transcriptional control of gene expression, numerous post-transcriptional regulatory pathways involving RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and other effectors play a critical role in its fine-tuning. Alternative splicing, translational control and mRNA stability have been shown to be tightly regulated during the innate immune response and participate in modulating gene expression in a global or gene specific manner. More recently, microRNAs assisting RBPs and post-transcriptional modification of RNA bases are also emerging as essential players of the innate immune process. In this review, we highlight the numerous roles played by specific RNA-binding effectors in mediating post-transcriptional control of gene expression to shape innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anissa Guillemin
- LBMC, Laboratoire de Biologie et Modelisation de la Cellule, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5239, INSERM, U1293, Lyon, France
| | - Anuj Kumar
- CRCL, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Lyon, France
| | - Mélanie Wencker
- LBMC, Laboratoire de Biologie et Modelisation de la Cellule, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5239, INSERM, U1293, Lyon, France
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5308, INSERM, Lyon, France
| | - Emiliano P. Ricci
- LBMC, Laboratoire de Biologie et Modelisation de la Cellule, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5239, INSERM, U1293, Lyon, France
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28
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Taming, Domestication and Exaptation: Trajectories of Transposable Elements in Genomes. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123590. [PMID: 34944100 PMCID: PMC8700633 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During evolution, several types of sequences pass through genomes. Along with mutations and internal genetic tinkering, they are a useful source of genetic variability for adaptation and evolution. Most of these sequences are acquired by horizontal transfers (HT), but some of them may come from the genomes themselves. If they are not lost or eliminated quickly, they can be tamed, domesticated, or even exapted. Each of these processes results from a series of events, depending on the interactions between these sequences and the host genomes, but also on environmental constraints, through their impact on individuals or population fitness. After a brief reminder of the characteristics of each of these states (taming, domestication, exaptation), the evolutionary trajectories of these new or acquired sequences will be presented and discussed, emphasizing that they are not totally independent insofar as the first can constitute a step towards the second, and the second is another step towards the third.
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29
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Eshghifar N, Rouhollah F, Barikrow N, Pouresmaeili F, Taheri M. The role of long noncoding RNAs in patients with Luminal A invasive breast ductal carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 227:153645. [PMID: 34678601 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer in women around the world. The molecular mechanisms of this heterogeneous disease have been extensively investigated; but yet; It requires a lot of sensitive and specific markers for prognosis and early detection approaches. Non-protein coding RNAs known as lncRNAs have been reported in tumorigenic involvement so they can be used for therapeutic purposes. In the present study, the expression levels of CCAT1, PDCD4, PDCD4-AS1, and MEG3 LncRNA in adjacent tumor and breast tissue in 88 Iranian patients were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR. CCAT1 was significantly expressed and PDCD4-AS1 decreased in tumor samples, PDCD4 and PDCD4-AS1 showed a positive correlation with each other, higher levels of PDCD4-AS1 were associated with better survival, tumor samples showed lower levels of PDCD4 in Showed comparisons with normal tissue. Our findings suggest that lncRNAs play an important role in controlling gene expression after transcription of major tumor suppressors or carcinogenic genes, leading to the development of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). In conclusion, this study investigated the prognostic role of lncRNA in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahal Eshghifar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rouhollah
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nooshin Barikrow
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farkhondeh Pouresmaeili
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Men's Health and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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30
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Werner A, Clark JE, Samaranayake C, Casement J, Zinad HS, Sadeq S, Al-Hashimi S, Smith M, Kotaja N, Mattick JS. Widespread formation of double-stranded RNAs in testis. Genome Res 2021; 31:1174-1186. [PMID: 34158368 PMCID: PMC8256860 DOI: 10.1101/gr.265603.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The testis transcriptome is highly complex and includes RNAs that potentially hybridize to form double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). We isolated dsRNA using the monoclonal J2 antibody and deep-sequenced the enriched samples from testes of juvenile Dicer1 knockout mice, age-matched controls, and adult animals. Comparison of our data set with recently published data from mouse liver revealed that the dsRNA transcriptome in testis is markedly different from liver: In testis, dsRNA-forming transcripts derive from mRNAs including promoters and immediate downstream regions, whereas in somatic cells they originate more often from introns and intergenic transcription. The genes that generate dsRNA are significantly expressed in isolated male germ cells with particular enrichment in pachytene spermatocytes. dsRNA formation is lower on the sex (X and Y) chromosomes. The dsRNA transcriptome is significantly less complex in juvenile mice as compared to adult controls and, possibly as a consequence, the knockout of Dicer1 has only a minor effect on the total number of transcript peaks associated with dsRNA. The comparison between dsRNA-associated genes in testis and liver with a reported set of genes that produce endogenous siRNAs reveals a significant overlap in testis but not in liver. Testis dsRNAs also significantly associate with natural antisense genes-again, this feature is not observed in liver. These findings point to a testis-specific mechanism involving natural antisense transcripts and the formation of dsRNAs that feed into the RNA interference pathway, possibly to mitigate the mutagenic impacts of recombination and transposon mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Werner
- Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - James E Clark
- Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Calum Samaranayake
- Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - John Casement
- Bioinformatics Support Unit, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Hany S Zinad
- Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Shaymaa Sadeq
- Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
- Fallujah College of Medicine, Al-Fallujah University, Al-Fallujah, 9Q4V+H3, Iraq
| | - Surar Al-Hashimi
- Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Smith
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Noora Kotaja
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, FIN-20520, Finland
| | - John S Mattick
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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31
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Abstract
Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is produced both by virus and host. Its recognition by the melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) initiates type I interferon responses. How can a host distinguish self-transcripts from nonself to ensure that responses are targeted correctly? Here, I discuss a role for MDA5 helicase in inducing Z-RNA formation by Alu inverted repeat (AIR) elements. These retroelements have highly conserved sequences that favor Z-formation, creating a site for the dsRNA-specific deaminase enzyme ADAR1 to dock. The subsequent editing destabilizes the dsRNA, ending further interaction with MDA5 and terminating innate immune responses directed against self. By enabling self-recognition, Alu retrotransposons, once invaders, now are genetic elements that keep immune responses in check. I also discuss the possible but less characterized roles of the other helicases in modulating innate immune responses, focusing on DExH-box helicase 9 (DHX9) and Mov10 RISC complex RNA helicase (MOV10). DHX9 and MOV10 function differently from MDA5, but still use nucleic acid structure, rather than nucleotide sequence, to define self. Those genetic elements encoding the alternative conformations involved, referred to as flipons, enable helicases to dynamically shape a cell's repertoire of responses. In the case of MDA5, Alu flipons switch off the dsRNA-dependent responses against self. I suggest a number of genetic systems in which to study interactions between flipons and helicases further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Herbert
- Discovery, InsideOutBio, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
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32
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Pisignano G, Ladomery M. Post-Transcriptional Regulation through Long Non-Coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Noncoding RNA 2021; 7:ncrna7020029. [PMID: 33946639 PMCID: PMC8162559 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna7020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Pisignano
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
- Correspondence: (G.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Michael Ladomery
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Frenchay, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
- Correspondence: (G.P.); (M.L.)
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33
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Abo-Al-Ela HG. RNA Interference in Aquaculture: A Small Tool for Big Potential. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:4343-4355. [PMID: 33835783 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
For decades, the tight regulatory functions of DNA and RNA have been the focus of extensive research with the goal of harnessing RNA molecules (e.g., microRNA and small interfering RNA) to control gene expression and to study biological functions. RNA interference (RNAi) has shown evidence of mediating gene expression, has been utilized to study functional genomics, and recently has potential in therapeutic agents. RNAi is a natural mechanism and a well-studied tool that can be used to silence specific genes. This method is also used in aquaculture as a research tool and to enhance immune responses. RNAi methods do have their limitations (e.g., immune triggering); efficient and easy-to-use RNAi methods for large-scale applications need further development. Despite these limitations, RNAi methods have been successfully used in aquaculture, in particular shrimp. This review discusses the uses of RNAi in aquaculture, such as immune- and production-related issues and the possible limitations that may hinder the application of RNAi in the aquaculture industry. Our challenge is to develop a highly potent in vivo RNAi delivery platform that could complete the desired action with minimal side effects and which can be applied on a large-scale with relatively little expense in the aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham G Abo-Al-Ela
- Genetics and Biotechnology, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fish Resources, Suez University, Suez 43518, Egypt
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