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Atma Y, Murray BS, Sadeghpour A, Goycoolea FM. Encapsulation of short-chain bioactive peptides (BAPs) for gastrointestinal delivery: a review. Food Funct 2024; 15:3959-3979. [PMID: 38568171 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04195f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The majority of known peptides with high bioactivity (BAPs) such as antihypertensive, antidiabetic, antioxidant, hypocholesterolemic, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial actions, are short-chain sequences of less than ten amino acids. These short-chain BAPs of varying natural and synthetic origin must be bioaccessible to be capable of being adsorbed systemically upon oral administration to show their full range of bioactivity. However, in general, in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that gastrointestinal digestion reduces BAPs bioactivity unless they are protected from degradation by encapsulation. This review gives a critical analysis of short-chain BAP encapsulation and performance with regard to the oral delivery route. In particular, it focuses on short-chain BAPs with antihypertensive and antidiabetic activity and encapsulation methods via nanoparticles and microparticles. Also addressed are the different wall materials used to form these particles and their associated payloads and release kinetics, along with the current challenges and a perspective of the future applications of these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoni Atma
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Universitas Trilogi, Jakarta, 12760, Indonesia
| | - Brent S Murray
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
| | - Amin Sadeghpour
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
| | - Francisco M Goycoolea
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
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2
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Ejike CECC, Ezeorba TPC, Ajah O, Udenigwe CC. Big Things, Small Packages: An Update on Microalgae as Sustainable Sources of Nutraceutical Peptides for Promoting Cardiovascular Health. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2023; 7:2200162. [PMID: 37205928 PMCID: PMC10190598 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202200162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In 2017, a review of microalgae protein-derived bioactive peptides relevant in cardiovascular disease (CVD) management was published. Given the rapid evolution of the field, an update is needed to illumininate recent developments and proffer future suggestions. In this review, the scientific literature (2018-2022) is mined for that purpose and the relevant properties of the identified peptides related to CVD are discussed. The challenges and prospects for microalgae peptides are similarly discussed. Since 2018, several publications have independently confirmed the potential to produce microalgae protein-derived nutraceutical peptides. Peptides that reduce hypertension (by inhibiting angiotensin converting enzyme and endothelial nitric oxide synthase), modulate dyslipidemia and have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties have been reported, and characterized. Taken together, future research and development investments in nutraceutical peptides from microalgae proteins need to focus on the challenges of large-scale biomass production, improvement in techniques for protein extraction, peptide release and processing, and the need for clinical trials to validate the claimed health benefits as well as formulation of various consumer products with the novel bioactive ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukwunonso E. C. C. Ejike
- Department of Medical BiochemistryFaculty of Basic Medical SciencesAlex Ekwueme Federal UniversityNdufu‐AlikeEbonyi State482131Nigeria
| | - Timothy P. C. Ezeorba
- Department of BiochemistryFaculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of NigeriaNsukkaEnugu State410001Nigeria
| | - Obinna Ajah
- Department of BiochemistryCollege of Natural SciencesMichael Okpara University of AgricultureUmudikeAbia State440101Nigeria
| | - Chibuike C. Udenigwe
- School of Nutrition SciencesFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioK1H 8M5Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular SciencesFaculty of ScienceUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioK1N 6N5Canada
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3
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Food Peptides, Gut Microbiota Modulation, and Antihypertensive Effects. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248806. [PMID: 36557936 PMCID: PMC9788432 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is increasingly important in the overall human health and as such, it is a target in the search of novel strategies for the management of metabolic disorders including blood pressure, and cardiovascular diseases. The link between microbiota and hypertension is complex and this review is intended to provide an overview of the mechanism including the production of postbiotics, mitigation of inflammation, and the integration of food biological molecules within this complex system. The focus is on hydrolyzed food proteins and peptides which are less commonly investigated for prebiotic properties. The analysis of available data showed that food peptides are multifunctional and can prevent gut dysbiosis by positively affecting the production of postbiotics or gut metabolites (short-chain fatty acids, polysaccharides, biogenic amines, bile acids). Peptides and the postbiotics then displayed antihypertensive effects via the renin-angiotensin system, the gut barrier, the endothelium, and reduction in inflammation and oxidative stress. Despite the promising antihypertensive effect of the food peptides via the modulation of the gut, there is a lack of human studies as most of the works have been conducted in animal models.
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4
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Huang TH, Liu PY, Lin YL, Tsai JS. Hypoglycemic peptide-enriched hydrolysates of Corbicula fluminea and Chlorella sorokiniana possess synergistic hypoglycemic activity through inhibiting α-glucosidase and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 activity. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:716-723. [PMID: 34171123 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of diabetes mellitus worldwide has increased in recent decades. Maintaining the level of blood glucose is the most basic and important issue for diabetics. This study aimed to investigate the hypoglycemic activity of a combination of hypoglycemic peptide-enriched hydrolysates of Corbicula fluminea (ACH) and Chlorella sorokiniana (PCH). RESULTS Combined supplementation of ACH and PCH synergistically inhibited α-glucosidase and DPP4 activities in vitro. After 4 weeks of treatment with ACH and/or PCH, the plasma glucose concentration and insulin, homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels significantly decreased. The hypoglycemic peptides in ACH and PCH were purified and assayed for α-glucosidase and DPP4 activity. The hypoglycemic peptides in ACH and PCH effectively decreased α-glucosidase and DPP4 activities. In silico assays showed that these two peptide types have different docking poses, which determined their inhibitory effect against α-glucosidase and DPP4 activity. CONCLUSION Combined treatment with hypoglycemic peptide-enriched ACH and PCH could modulate blood glucose by synergistically inhibiting α-glucosidase and DPP4 activities. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tse-Hung Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Yu Liu
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Lin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jenn-Shou Tsai
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
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5
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Suo Q, Yue Y, Wang J, Wu N, Geng L, Zhang Q. Isolation, identification and in vivo antihypertensive effect of novel angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides from Spirulina protein hydrolysate. Food Funct 2022; 13:9108-9118. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01207c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The side effects of traditional antihypertensive drugs have driven people's interest in discovery of novel angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides with efficiency and safety. Spirulina possesses abundant proteins and...
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6
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Qi Y, Tang X, Liu H, Lin Q, Lu Y, Luo H. Identification of Novel Nonapeptides from Sipunculus nudus L. and Comparing Its ACEI Activities Mechanism by Molecular Docking. Int J Pept Res Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-021-10328-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Wu J, Gu X, Yang D, Xu S, Wang S, Chen X, Wang Z. Bioactive substances and potentiality of marine microalgae. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:5279-5292. [PMID: 34532034 PMCID: PMC8441504 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae is one of the most important components in the aquatic ecosystem, and they are increasingly used in food and medicine production for human consumption due to their rapid growth cycle and survival ability in the harsh environment. Now, the exploration of microalgae has been gradually deepening, mainly focused on the field of nutrition, medicine, and cosmetics. A great deal of studies has shown that microalgae have a variety of functions in regulating the body health and preventing disease, such as nitrogen fixation, antitumor, antivirus, antioxidation, anti-inflammatory, and antithrombotic. Furthermore, microalgae can synthesize various high-valued bioactive substances, such as proteins, lipids, polysaccharides, and pigments. In this paper, we have briefly reviewed the research progress of main bioactive components in microalgae, proteins, lipids, polysaccharides, pigments, and other nutrients included, as well as their present application situation. This paper can provide the guidance for research and development of industrial production of microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhong Wu
- South China Sea Fisheries Research InstituteChinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & UtilizationMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and EnvironmentGuangzhouChina
- Department of Food Science and EngineeringSchool of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xinzhe Gu
- Department of Food Science and EngineeringSchool of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Danlu Yang
- Department of Food Science and EngineeringSchool of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Shannan Xu
- South China Sea Fisheries Research InstituteChinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & UtilizationMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and EnvironmentGuangzhouChina
- Scientific Observation and Research Field Station of Pearl River Estuary EcosystemGuangzhouChina
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering
Guangdong LaboratoryGuangzhouChina
| | - Shaoyun Wang
- College of Biological Science and TechnologyFuzhou UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Xu Chen
- College of Biological Science and TechnologyFuzhou UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Zhengwu Wang
- Department of Food Science and EngineeringSchool of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
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8
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Shobako N. Hypotensive peptides derived from plant proteins. Peptides 2021; 142:170573. [PMID: 34023396 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a risk factor for arteriosclerosis development and is recognized as a silent killer. Certain processed food materials, digested by protease or through the use of fermentation, have shown exertion of hypotensive effects in human clinical or animal studies, and hypotensive peptides were isolated from them. This review discusses the hypotensive peptides derived from plant proteins, such as grain, soy, vegetables, and seaweeds, and their hypotensive mechanisms. Although angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition is often noted as one of the mechanisms that may exert antihypertensive effects, ACE inhibitory activity measured by in vitro studies is not associated with the actual hypotensive effect. Thus, this review only highlights the peptide hypotensive effect determined by in vivo studies. This review also discusses the tendency of the amino acid sequence of ACE-inhibitory hypotensive peptides and the possible additional effects of hypotensive peptides independent of ACE inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohisa Shobako
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan.
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9
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Production and Purification of Novel Hypocholesterolemic Peptides from Lactic Fermented Spirulina platensis through High Hydrostatic Pressure-Assisted Protease Hydrolysis. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11080873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This research focuses on the proteolytic capacity of Spirulina platensis and their hypocholesterolemic activity via the 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) inhibitory activity. To select suitable proteases for releasing peptides with high HMGR-inhibiting activity from S. platensis, eight commonly used commercial proteases were used in protease hydrolysis under high hydrostatic pressure (HHP, 100 MPa or 0.1 MPa) at 50 °C for 24 h. The Peptidase R group had the highest inhibitory capacity (67%). First, S. platensis was fermented with seven mixed lactic acid bacteria for 5 h at 42 °C. This was followed by the addition of Peptidase R under high hydrostatic pressure (100 MPa at 50 °C) for 0–6 h of enzymatic hydrolysis (HHP-FH-PR6) to determine the hydrolytic capacity of S. platensis protein. As the hydrolysis time extended to 6 h, the peptide content increased from 96.8 mg/mL to 339.8 mg/mL, and the free amino acid content increased from 24 mg/mL to 115.2 mg/mL, while inhibition of HMGR increased from 67.0% to 78.4%. In an experimental simulation of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion, the IC50 of HHP-FH-PR6G on HMGR was 3.5 μg peptide/mL. Peptides with inhibitory activity on HMGR were purified, and their sequences were identified as Arg-Cys-Asp and Ser-Asn-Val (IC50: 6.9 and 20.1 μM, respectively).
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10
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Harris M, Potgieter J, Ishfaq K, Shahzad M. Developments for Collagen Hydrolysate in Biological, Biochemical, and Biomedical Domains: A Comprehensive Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:2806. [PMID: 34070353 PMCID: PMC8197487 DOI: 10.3390/ma14112806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The collagen hydrolysate, a proteinic biopeptide, is used for various key functionalities in humans and animals. Numerous reviews explained either individually or a few of following aspects: types, processes, properties, and applications. In the recent developments, various biological, biochemical, and biomedical functionalities are achieved in five aspects: process, type, species, disease, receptors. The receptors are rarely addressed in the past which are an essential stimulus to activate various biomedical and biological activities in the metabolic system of humans and animals. Furthermore, a systematic segregation of the recent developments regarding the five main aspects is not yet reported. This review presents various biological, biochemical, and biomedical functionalities achieved for each of the beforementioned five aspects using a systematic approach. The review proposes a novel three-level hierarchy that aims to associate a specific functionality to a particular aspect and its subcategory. The hierarchy also highlights various key research novelties in a categorical manner that will contribute to future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Harris
- Massey Agrifood (MAF) Digital Labs, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand;
- Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Department, Rachna College of Engineering and Technology, Gujranwala 52250, Pakistan;
| | - Johan Potgieter
- Massey Agrifood (MAF) Digital Labs, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand;
| | - Kashif Ishfaq
- Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Department, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore 54890, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Shahzad
- Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Department, Rachna College of Engineering and Technology, Gujranwala 52250, Pakistan;
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11
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Chen GW, Lin HTV, Huang LW, Lin CH, Lin YH. Purification and Identification of Cholesterol Micelle Formation Inhibitory Peptides of Hydrolysate from High Hydrostatic Pressure-Assisted Protease Hydrolysis of Fermented Seabass Byproduct. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105295. [PMID: 34069880 PMCID: PMC8157361 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This research focuses on the proteolytic capacity of sea bass byproduct (SB) and their hypocholesterolemic activity via the cholesterol micelle formation (CMF) inhibition. SB was fermented with seven mixed lactic acid bacteria for 5 h at 42 °C. The lactic fermented SB was hydrolyzed with Protease N for 6 h under HHP to obtain the SB hydrolysates (HHP-assisted Protease N hydrolysis after fermentation, F-HHP-PN6). The supernatant was separated from the SB hydrolysate and freeze-dried. As the hydrolysis time extended to 6 h, soluble protein content increased from 187.1 to 565.8 mg/g, and peptide content increased from 112.8 to 421.9 mg/g, while inhibition of CMF increased from 75.0% to 88.4%. Decreasing the CMF inhibitory activity from 88.4% to 42.1% by simulated gastrointestinal digestion (FHHP-PN6 was further hydrolyzed by gastrointestinal enzymes, F-HHP-PN6-PP) reduced the CMF inhibitory activity of F-HHP-PN6. Using gel filtration chromatography, the F-HHP-PN6-PP was fractioned into six fractions. The molecular weight of the fifth fraction from F-HHP-PN6-PP was between 340 and 290 Da, and the highest inhibitory efficiency ratio (IER) on CMF was 238.9%/mg/mL. Further purification and identification of new peptides with CMF inhibitory activity presented the peptide sequences in Ser-Ala-Gln, Pro-Trp, and Val-Gly-Gly-Thr; the IERs were 361.7, 3230.0, and 302.9%/mg/mL, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Wen Chen
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, No. 2 Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 202, Taiwan; (G.-W.C.); (H.-T.V.L.); (L.-W.H.)
| | - Hong-Ting Victor Lin
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, No. 2 Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 202, Taiwan; (G.-W.C.); (H.-T.V.L.); (L.-W.H.)
| | - Li-Wen Huang
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, No. 2 Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 202, Taiwan; (G.-W.C.); (H.-T.V.L.); (L.-W.H.)
| | - Chia-Hua Lin
- Department of Biotechnology, National Formosa University, No. 64, Wunhua Rd, Yunlin 632, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Hsin Lin
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Taipei University of Marine Technology, No. 212, Section 9, Yan Ping North Road, Taipei 111, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-228-109-999 (ext. 3405)
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12
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Jiang Q, Chen Q, Zhang T, Liu M, Duan S, Sun X. The Antihypertensive Effects and Potential Molecular Mechanism of Microalgal Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor-Like Peptides: A Mini Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084068. [PMID: 33920763 PMCID: PMC8071128 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension causes many deaths worldwide and has shown an increasing trend as a severe non-communicable disease. Conventional antihypertensive drugs inevitably cause side effects, and great efforts have been made to exploit healthier and more-available substitutes. Microalgae have shown great potential in this regard and have been applied in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Some compounds in microalgae have been proven to have antihypertensive effects. Among these natural compounds, peptides from microalgae are promising angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors because an increasing number of peptides show hypertensive effects and ACE inhibitory-like activity. In addition to acting as ACE inhibitors for the treatment of hypertension, these peptides have other probiotic properties, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, that are important for the prevention and treatment of hypertension. Numerous studies have revealed the important bioactivities of ACE inhibitors and their mechanisms. This review discusses the antihypertensive effects, structure-activity relationships, molecular docking studies, interaction mechanisms, and other probiotic properties of microalgal ACE inhibitory peptides according to the current research related to microalgae as potential antihypertensive drugs. Possible research directions are proposed. This review contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of microalgal antihypertensive peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichen Jiang
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, 79 Chating East Street, Nanjing 210017, China; (Q.J.); (T.Z.)
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (Q.C.); (S.D.)
- Guangdong Center for Marine Development Research, Guangzhou 510220, China
| | - Tongqing Zhang
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, 79 Chating East Street, Nanjing 210017, China; (Q.J.); (T.Z.)
| | - Meng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China;
| | - Shunshan Duan
- Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (Q.C.); (S.D.)
| | - Xian Sun
- Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-(75)-67626350
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13
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Cyanobacteria and Eukaryotic Microalgae as Emerging Sources of Antibacterial Peptides. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25245804. [PMID: 33316949 PMCID: PMC7763478 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria and microalgae are oxygen-producing photosynthetic unicellular organisms encompassing a great diversity of species, which are able to grow under all types of extreme environments and exposed to a wide variety of predators and microbial pathogens. The antibacterial compounds described for these organisms include alkaloids, fatty acids, indoles, macrolides, peptides, phenols, pigments and terpenes, among others. This review presents an overview of antibacterial peptides isolated from cyanobacteria and microalgae, as well as their synergism and mechanisms of action described so far. Antibacterial cyanopeptides belong to different orders, but mainly from Oscillatoriales and Nostocales. Cyanopeptides have different structures but are mainly cyclic peptides. This vast peptide repertoire includes ribosomal and abundant non-ribosomal peptides, evaluated by standard conventional methodologies against pathogenic Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The antibacterial activity described for microalgal peptides is considerably scarcer, and limited to protein hydrolysates from two Chlorella species, and few peptides from Tetraselmis suecica. Despite the promising applications of antibacterial peptides and the importance of searching for new natural sources of antibiotics, limitations still persist for their pharmaceutical applications.
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14
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Nguyen TT, Heimann K, Zhang W. Protein Recovery from Underutilised Marine Bioresources for Product Development with Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Bioactivities. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E391. [PMID: 32727001 PMCID: PMC7460389 DOI: 10.3390/md18080391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The global demand for dietary proteins and protein-derived products are projected to dramatically increase which cannot be met using traditional protein sources. Seafood processing by-products (SPBs) and microalgae are promising resources that can fill the demand gap for proteins and protein derivatives. Globally, 32 million tonnes of SPBs are estimated to be produced annually which represents an inexpensive resource for protein recovery while technical advantages in microalgal biomass production would yield secure protein supplies with minimal competition for arable land and freshwater resources. Moreover, these biomaterials are a rich source of proteins with high nutritional quality while protein hydrolysates and biopeptides derived from these marine proteins possess several useful bioactivities for commercial applications in multiple industries. Efficient utilisation of these marine biomaterials for protein recovery would not only supplement global demand and save natural bioresources but would also successfully address the financial and environmental burdens of biowaste, paving the way for greener production and a circular economy. This comprehensive review analyses the potential of using SPBs and microalgae for protein recovery and production critically assessing the feasibility of current and emerging technologies used for the process development. Nutritional quality, functionalities, and bioactivities of the extracted proteins and derived products together with their potential applications for commercial product development are also systematically summarised and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kirsten Heimann
- Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Health Science Building, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia;
| | - Wei Zhang
- Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Health Science Building, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia;
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15
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Zheng Y, Zhang Y, San S. Efficacy of a Novel ACE-Inhibitory Peptide from Sargassum Maclurei in Hypertension and Reduction of Intracellular Endothelin-1. Nutrients 2020; 12:E653. [PMID: 32121212 PMCID: PMC7146574 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sargassum maclurei is a potential protein resource because of its high protein content and relatively balanced amino acid composition. To promote its usage in food, medical, or other industries, S. maclurei protein was hydrolyzed by pepsin and papain to obtain bioactive peptides. The S. maclurei protein hydrolysates (SMPHs) were purified using gel chromatography and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), and 12 major fractions were obtained. The fraction D11 with the highest angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition (61.59%, at 1 mg/ mL) was subjected to liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis, and about 17 peptides were identified, of which the RWDISQPY (1063.5 Da) was chosen to be synthesized based on in silico analysis. The RWDISQPY demonstrated high ACE inhibition ability (IC50: 72.24 μM) with competitive inhibition mode, and could effectively (p < 0.05) lower the systolic blood pressure and diastolic pressure of spontaneously hypertensive rats at the concentration of 150 mg/kg body weight. The results of the molecular docking simulation demonstrated that RWDISQPY could bind with the active sites S1 and S2 of ACE via short hydrogen bonds. Moreover, RWDISQPY showed acceptable endothelin-1 suppressing capacity (26.21% at 1.5 mg/mL). These results indicate that S. maclurei could be developed into functional foods such as antihypertensive products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Zheng
- Food Science Institute of Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041004, China
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- Coconut Research Institute of Chinese Tropical Agriculture Academic, Haikou 570100, China;
- Yunnan Institute of Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China;
| | - Sang San
- Yunnan Institute of Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China;
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Li Y, Lammi C, Boschin G, Arnoldi A, Aiello G. Recent Advances in Microalgae Peptides: Cardiovascular Health Benefits and Analysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:11825-11838. [PMID: 31588750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
There is now great interest in food protein hydrolysates and food-derived peptides, because they may provide numerous health benefits. Among other foodstuffs, microalgae appear to be sustainable sources of proteins and bioactive peptides that can be exploited in foods and functional formulations. This review considers protein hydrolysates and individual peptides that may be relevant in cardiovascular disease prevention because they mimic the functions of mediators involved in pathologic processes that represent relevant risk factors for cardiovascular disease development, such as hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, diabetes, inflammation, and oxidative status. Some of these peptides are also multifunctional (i.e., they offer more than one benefit). Moreover, the most efficient techniques for protein extraction and hydrolyzation are commented on, as well as the best methodologies for high-throughput detection and quantification. Finally, current challenges and critical issues are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Carmen Lammi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Giovanna Boschin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Anna Arnoldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Gilda Aiello
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
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Gao D, Zhang F, Ma Z, Chen S, Ding G, Tian X, Feng R. Isolation and identification of the angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides derived from cottonseed protein: optimization of hydrolysis conditions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2019.1640735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Gao
- China-Malaysia National Joint Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Fumei Zhang
- China-Malaysia National Joint Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhongren Ma
- China-Malaysia National Joint Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shien Chen
- China-Malaysia National Joint Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Gongtao Ding
- China-Malaysia National Joint Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojing Tian
- China-Malaysia National Joint Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ruofei Feng
- China-Malaysia National Joint Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
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Preparation and Identification of Novel Antihypertensive Peptides from the In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion of Marine Cobia Skin Hydrolysates. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061351. [PMID: 31208053 PMCID: PMC6628374 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This research focuses on cobia skin hydrolysates and their antihypertensive effects via the inhibitory activities of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE). Marine fish Cobia (Rachycentron canadum) skin was hydrolysed for 5 h using Protamex and Protease N to obtain the cobia skin protein hydrolysates PX-5 and PN-5, respectively. The soluble protein and peptide contents of the PX-5 were 612 and 270 mg/g, respectively, and for the PN-5, 531 and 400 mg/g, respectively. The IC50 of PX-5 and PN-5 on ACE was 0.221 and 0.291 mg/mL, respectively. Increasing the IC50 from 0.221 to 0.044 mg/mL by simulated gastrointestinal digestion (PX-5G) reduced the ACE-inhibitory capacity of PX-5. Using gel filtration chromatography, the PX-5G was fractioned into eight fractions. The molecular weight of the fifth fraction from PX-5G was between 630 and 450 Da, and the highest inhibitory efficiency ratio on ACE was 1552.4%/mg/mL. We identified four peptide sequences: Trp-Ala-Ala, Ala-Trp-Trp, Ile-Trp-Trp, and Trp-Leu, with IC50 values for ACE of 118.50, 9.40, 0.51, and 26.80 μM, respectively. At a dose of 600 mg PX-5 powder/kg body weight, in spontaneously hypertensive rats PX-5's antihypertensive effect significantly reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure by 21.9 and 15.5 mm Hg, respectively, after 4 h of oral gavage.
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Tejano LA, Peralta JP, Yap EES, Panjaitan FCA, Chang YW. Prediction of Bioactive Peptides from Chlorella sorokiniana Proteins Using Proteomic Techniques in Combination with Bioinformatics Analyses. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1786. [PMID: 30978907 PMCID: PMC6480496 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorella is one of the most nutritionally important microalgae with high protein content and can be a good source of potential bioactive peptides. In the current study, isolated proteins from Chlorella sorokiniana were subjected to in silico analysis to predict potential peptides with biological activities. Molecular characteristics of proteins were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and proteomics techniques. A total of eight proteins were identified by proteomics techniques from 10 protein bands of the SDS-PAGE. The predictive result by BIOPEP's profile of bioactive peptides tools suggested that proteins of C. sorokiniana have the highest number of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP IV) inhibitors, with high occurrence of other bioactive peptides such as angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, glucose uptake stimulant, antioxidant, regulating, anti-amnestic and antithrombotic peptides. In silico analysis of enzymatic hydrolysis revealed that pepsin (pH > 2), bromelain and papain were proteases that can release relatively larger quantity of bioactive peptides. In addition, combinations of different enzymes in hydrolysis were observed to dispense higher numbers of bioactive peptides from proteins compared to using individual proteases. Results suggest the potential of protein isolated from C. sorokiniana could be a source of high value products with pharmaceutical and nutraceutical application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lhumen A Tejano
- Institute of Fish Processing Technology, College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, Miagao 5023, Iloilo, Philippines.
| | - Jose P Peralta
- Institute of Fish Processing Technology, College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, Miagao 5023, Iloilo, Philippines.
| | - Encarnacion Emilia S Yap
- Institute of Fish Processing Technology, College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, Miagao 5023, Iloilo, Philippines.
| | | | - Yu-Wei Chang
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan.
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Galarza VO. Carbohidratos y proteínas en microalgas: potenciales alimentos funcionales. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF FOOD TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1981-6723.04319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Resumen Las microalgas son organismos distribuidos en todo el planeta, con cientos de miles de especies desde que se tienen registros. Sus componentes con potenciales propiedades benéficas en la nutrición y la salud han despertado el interés científico, industrial y comercial. En las últimas décadas se han logrado desarrollar varios productos, entre ellos alimentos funcionales, usando compuestos extraídos de ellas o con la totalidad de su biomasa. Su alta tasa de crecimiento, bajo consumo de nutrientes, relativamente pequeño espacio de producción, plantean un horizonte prometedor como recurso renovable y con grandes beneficios. Las tecnologías para su aprovechamiento se han incrementado y adaptado para mejorar el rendimiento y la calidad, sin embargo, los científicos reconocen que aún existen una serie de desafíos por superar.
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