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Garnweidner-Holme L, Hellmann M, Henriksen C, Austad E, Watters SI, Gaundal L, Lundin KEA, Myhrstad MCW, Telle-Hansen VH. Experiences with Gluten-Free Bread: A Qualitative Study Amongst People with Coeliac Disease Participating in a Randomised Controlled Trial. Foods 2023; 12:4338. [PMID: 38231857 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whole-grain bread can be an important source of fibre for people with coeliac disease (CeD) who must adhere to a gluten-free diet and avoid consuming wheat, rye and barley. Gluten-free bread frequently has a lower nutritional quality and different texture relative to gluten-containing counterparts. OBJECTIVE The aim was to investigate experiences with gluten-free bread amongst people with CeD prior to and during a randomised controlled trial (RCT). DESIGN We conducted individual interviews with 10 people with CeD participating in a RCT that aimed to investigate the effects of fibre-rich gluten-free products on metabolic regulation in people with CeD compared with benchmark gluten-free products. Five participants were in the control group (benchmark gluten-free bread) and five participants in the intervention group (fibre-rich gluten-free bread). The fibre-rich gluten free bread was formulated and prepared by the project group. The benchmark gluten-free bread was commercially available. The RCT lasted for four weeks. Interviews were conducted digitally between October 2021 and January 2022 and were thematically analysed. RESULTS Participants in both groups appeared to avoid bread prior to the study, primarily due to the poor taste and chewy consistency of the available bread in food stores and bakeries. Participants preferred the fibre-rich intervention bread as opposed to the available bread in the food market. However, participants had to become accustomed to eating the fibre-rich whole-grain bread during the study, since they avoided eating store-bought bread that they experienced chewy and not filling. CONCLUSIONS Participants asked for fibre-rich gluten-free bread products that are satiating and have a good texture. Palatable gluten-free bread products might be an important source of fibre for people with CeD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Garnweidner-Holme
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 4 St. Olavs Plass, 0130 Oslo, Norway
| | - Monica Hellmann
- Det Glutenfrie Verksted, Nordseterveien 26A, 1176 Oslo, Norway
| | - Christine Henriksen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Boks 1072 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Elisabeth Austad
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 4 St. Olavs Plass, 0130 Oslo, Norway
| | - Solveig Ivara Watters
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 4 St. Olavs Plass, 0130 Oslo, Norway
| | - Line Gaundal
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 4 St. Olavs Plass, 0130 Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut E A Lundin
- K. G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Boks 1072 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1171 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Mari C W Myhrstad
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 4 St. Olavs Plass, 0130 Oslo, Norway
| | - Vibeke H Telle-Hansen
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 4 St. Olavs Plass, 0130 Oslo, Norway
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2
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Markoulli M, Ahmad S, Arcot J, Arita R, Benitez-Del-Castillo J, Caffery B, Downie LE, Edwards K, Flanagan J, Labetoulle M, Misra SL, Mrugacz M, Singh S, Sheppard J, Vehof J, Versura P, Willcox MDP, Ziemanski J, Wolffsohn JS. TFOS Lifestyle: Impact of nutrition on the ocular surface. Ocul Surf 2023; 29:226-271. [PMID: 37100346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Nutrients, required by human bodies to perform life-sustaining functions, are obtained from the diet. They are broadly classified into macronutrients (carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins), micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) and water. All nutrients serve as a source of energy, provide structural support to the body and/or regulate the chemical processes of the body. Food and drinks also consist of non-nutrients that may be beneficial (e.g., antioxidants) or harmful (e.g., dyes or preservatives added to processed foods) to the body and the ocular surface. There is also a complex interplay between systemic disorders and an individual's nutritional status. Changes in the gut microbiome may lead to alterations at the ocular surface. Poor nutrition may exacerbate select systemic conditions. Similarly, certain systemic conditions may affect the uptake, processing and distribution of nutrients by the body. These disorders may lead to deficiencies in micro- and macro-nutrients that are important in maintaining ocular surface health. Medications used to treat these conditions may also cause ocular surface changes. The prevalence of nutrition-related chronic diseases is climbing worldwide. This report sought to review the evidence supporting the impact of nutrition on the ocular surface, either directly or as a consequence of the chronic diseases that result. To address a key question, a systematic review investigated the effects of intentional food restriction on ocular surface health; of the 25 included studies, most investigated Ramadan fasting (56%), followed by bariatric surgery (16%), anorexia nervosa (16%), but none were judged to be of high quality, with no randomized-controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Markoulli
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Sumayya Ahmad
- Icahn School of Medicine of Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jayashree Arcot
- Food and Health, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Australia
| | - Reiko Arita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Itoh Clinic, Saitama, Japan
| | | | | | - Laura E Downie
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katie Edwards
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Judith Flanagan
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia; Vision CRC, USA
| | - Marc Labetoulle
- Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Bicêtre, APHP, Paris-Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; IDMIT (CEA-Paris Saclay-Inserm U1184), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Stuti L Misra
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Sumeer Singh
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - John Sheppard
- Virginia Eye Consultants, Norfolk, VA, USA; Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Jelle Vehof
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Section of Ophthalmology, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Ophthalmology, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Piera Versura
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Analysis - Translation Research Laboratory, Ophthalmology Unit, DIMEC Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Italy; IRCCS AOU di Bologna Policlinico di Sant'Orsola, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mark D P Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jillian Ziemanski
- School of Optometry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - James S Wolffsohn
- College of Health & Life Sciences, School of Optometry, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
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3
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Liu Y, Zhong W, Li X, Shen F, Ma X, Yang Q, Hong S, Sun Y. Diets, Gut Microbiota and Metabolites. PHENOMICS (CHAM, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 3:268-284. [PMID: 37325710 PMCID: PMC10260722 DOI: 10.1007/s43657-023-00095-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota refers to the gross collection of microorganisms, estimated trillions of them, which reside within the gut and play crucial roles in the absorption and digestion of dietary nutrients. In the past decades, the new generation 'omics' (metagenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) technologies made it possible to precisely identify microbiota and metabolites and describe their variability between individuals, populations and even different time points within the same subjects. With massive efforts made, it is now generally accepted that the gut microbiota is a dynamically changing population, whose composition is influenced by the hosts' health conditions and lifestyles. Diet is one of the major contributors to shaping the gut microbiota. The components in the diets vary in different countries, religions, and populations. Some special diets have been adopted by people for hundreds of years aiming for better health, while the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Recent studies based on volunteers or diet-treated animals demonstrated that diets can greatly and rapidly change the gut microbiota. The unique pattern of the nutrients from the diets and their metabolites produced by the gut microbiota has been linked with the occurrence of diseases, including obesity, diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, cardiovascular disease, neural diseases, and more. This review will summarize the recent progress and current understanding of the effects of different dietary patterns on the composition of gut microbiota, bacterial metabolites, and their effects on the host's metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Wanglei Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Feng Shen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442001 Hubei China
| | - Xiaonan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Qi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Shangyu Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Yan Sun
- Masonic Medical Research Institute, 2150 Bleecker St, Utica, NY 13501 USA
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4
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Liwinski T, Hübener S, Henze L, Hübener P, Heinemann M, Tetzlaff M, Hiller MI, Jagemann B, Surabattula R, Leeming D, Karsdal M, Monguzzi E, Schachschal G, Rösch T, Bang C, Franke A, Lohse AW, Schuppan D, Schramm C. A prospective pilot study of a gluten-free diet for primary sclerosing cholangitis and associated colitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2023; 57:224-236. [PMID: 36266939 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a progressive bile duct disease associated with inflammatory bowel disease (PSC-IBD). AIM To investigate whether patients with PSC-IBD benefit from a gluten-free and amylase trypsin inhibitor (ATI)-free diet (GFD). METHODS We performed a prospective clinical pilot study administering an eight-week GFD. The primary outcomes were colonic inflammation assessed by proctosigmoidoscopy, and liver stiffness (surrogate for fibrosis, inflammation and cholestasis) measured by transient elastography before and after GFD. Amongst the secondary (exploratory) outcomes were colonic mucosal and serum cytokine/chemokine changes, the intestinal microbiome and transcriptome dynamics, and shifts in serum markers of hepatic fibrogenesis. RESULTS Fifteen patients with PSC-IBD completed the study. The study did not meet its primary outcome: the endoscopic score and liver stiffness remained unchanged. However, the expression of pro-inflammatory mucosal cytokines and chemokines such as IL6, IL8, CCL2, and TNFα was significantly down-regulated. Two critical markers of liver fibrosis and matrix remodelling, thrombospondin-2 and -4, decreased significantly. The microbiota composition changed slightly, including a decrease in the pathogen Romboutsia ilealis. The intestinal transcriptome indicated a gut barrier improvement. Pruritus, fatigue, overall well-being, faecal calprotectin levels, and serum alkaline phosphatase did not change significantly. CONCLUSIONS This study did not demonstrate a clinical improvement with short-term GFD in patients with PSC-IBD. However, a gluten/ATI-free diet may improve biomarkers of intestinal inflammation and barrier function in these patients with associated changes in the enteric microbiota. Further investigation of the therapeutic potential of the GFD in PSC-IBD is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timur Liwinski
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), University Psychiatric Clinics (UPK) Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sina Hübener
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lara Henze
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter Hübener
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melina Heinemann
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Tetzlaff
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marie I Hiller
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bettina Jagemann
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rambabu Surabattula
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Diana Leeming
- Research and Development, Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers and Research A/S, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Morten Karsdal
- Research and Development, Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers and Research A/S, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Erika Monguzzi
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Guido Schachschal
- Department of Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Rösch
- Department of Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Corinna Bang
- Institute for Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute for Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ansgar W Lohse
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.,Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christoph Schramm
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, Hamburg, Germany.,Martin Zeitz Center for Rare Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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5
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Shi T, Feng Y, Liu W, Liu H, Li T, Wang M, Li Z, Lu J, Abudurexiti A, Maimaitireyimu A, Hu J, Gao F. Characteristics of gut microbiota and fecal metabolomes in patients with celiac disease in Northwest China. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1020977. [PMID: 36519162 PMCID: PMC9742481 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1020977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune small bowel disease. The pattern of gut microbiota is closely related to dietary habits, genetic background, and geographical factors. There is a lack of research on CD-related gut microbiota in China. This study aimed to use 16S rDNA sequencing and metabolomics to analyze the fecal microbial composition and metabolome characteristics in patients diagnosed with CD in Northwest China, and to screen potential biomarkers that could be used for its diagnosis. A significant difference in the gut microbiota composition was observed between the CD and healthy controls groups. At the genus level, the abundance of Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Veillonella, and Allisonella communities in the CD group were increased (Q < 0.05). Furthermore, the abundance of Ruminococcus, Faecalibacterium, Blautia, Gemmiger, and Anaerostipes community in this group were decreased (Q < 0.05). A total of 222 different fecal metabolites were identified in the two groups, suggesting that CD patients have a one-carbon metabolism defect. Four species of bacteria and six metabolites were selected as potential biomarkers using a random forest model. Correlation analysis showed that changes in the gut microbiota were significantly correlated with changes in fecal metabolite levels. In conclusion, the patterns of distribution of gut microbiota and metabolomics in patients with CD in Northwest China were found to be unique to these individuals. This has opened up a new way to explore potential beneficial effects of supplementing specific nutrients and potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Urumqi, China
| | - Yan Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Urumqi, China
| | - Weidong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Urumqi, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Urumqi, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Urumqi, China
| | - Man Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Urumqi, China
| | - Ziqiong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Urumqi, China
| | - Jiajie Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Urumqi, China
| | - Adilai Abudurexiti
- Department of Gastroenterology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Urumqi, China
| | - Ayinuer Maimaitireyimu
- Department of Gastroenterology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Urumqi, China
| | - Jiali Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Urumqi, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Urumqi, China
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6
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Arcila-Galvis JE, Loria-Kohen V, Ramírez de Molina A, Carrillo de Santa Pau E, Marcos-Zambrano LJ. A comprehensive map of microbial biomarkers along the gastrointestinal tract for celiac disease patients. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:956119. [PMID: 36177469 PMCID: PMC9513315 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.956119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysbiosis of the microbiome has been related to Celiac disease (CeD) progress, an autoimmune disease characterized by gluten intolerance developed in genetically susceptible individuals under certain environmental factors. The microbiome contributes to CeD pathophysiology, modulating the immune response by the action of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), affecting gut barrier integrity allowing the entrance of gluten-derived proteins, and degrading immunogenic peptides of gluten through endoprolyl peptidase enzymes. Despite the evidence suggesting the implication of gut microbiome over CeD pathogenesis, there is no consensus about the specific microbial changes observed in this pathology. Here, we compiled the largest dataset of 16S prokaryotic ribosomal RNA gene high-throughput sequencing for consensus profiling. We present for the first time an integrative analysis of metataxonomic data from patients with CeD, including samples from different body sites (saliva, pharynx, duodenum, and stool). We found the presence of coordinated changes through the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) characterized by an increase in Actinobacteria species in the upper GIT (pharynx and duodenum) and an increase in Proteobacteria in the lower GIT (duodenum and stool), as well as site-specific changes evidencing a dysbiosis in patients with CeD' microbiota. Moreover, we described the effect of adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD) evidenced by an increase in beneficial bacteria and a decrease in some Betaproteobacteriales but not fully restoring CeD-related dysbiosis. Finally, we built a Random Forest model to classify patients based on the lower GIT composition achieving good performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Estefanía Arcila-Galvis
- Computational Biology Group, Precision Nutrition, and Cancer Research Program, IMDEA Food Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Computational Epigenomics Laboratory, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Viviana Loria-Kohen
- Nutrition and Clinical Trials Unit, GENYAL Platform IMDEA-Food Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Ramírez de Molina
- Nutrition and Clinical Trials Unit, GENYAL Platform IMDEA-Food Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Laura Judith Marcos-Zambrano
- Computational Biology Group, Precision Nutrition, and Cancer Research Program, IMDEA Food Institute, Madrid, Spain
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7
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Palmieri O, Castellana S, Bevilacqua A, Latiano A, Latiano T, Panza A, Fontana R, Ippolito AM, Biscaglia G, Gentile A, Gioffreda D, Decina I, Tricarico M, Sinigaglia M, Corbo MR, Mazza T, Perri F, Lamacchia C. Adherence to Gluten-Free Diet Restores Alpha Diversity in Celiac People but the Microbiome Composition Is Different to Healthy People. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122452. [PMID: 35745182 PMCID: PMC9228530 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disease with the destruction of small intestinal villi, which occurs in genetically predisposed individuals. At the present moment, a gluten-free diet (GFD) is the only way to restore the functionality of gut mucosa. However, there is an open debate on the effects of long-term supplementation through a GFD, because some authors report an unbalance in microbial taxa composition. Methods: For microbiome analysis, fecal specimens were collected from 46 CD individuals in GFD for at least 2 years and 30 specimens from the healthy controls (HC). Data were analyzed using an ensemble of software packages: QIIME2, Coda-lasso, Clr-lasso, Selbal, PICRUSt2, ALDEx2, dissimilarity-overlap analysis, and dysbiosis detection tests. Results: The adherence to GFD restored the alpha biodiversity of the gut microbiota in celiac people but microbial composition at beta diversity resulted as different to HC. The microbial composition of the CD subjects was decreased in a number of taxa, namely Bifidobacterium longum and several belonging to Lachnospiraceae family, whereas Bacteroides genus was found to be more abundant. Predicted metabolic pathways among the CD bacterial communities revealed an important role in tetrapyrrole biosynthesis. Conclusions: CD patients in GFD had a non-dysbiotic microbial composition for the crude alpha diversity metrics. We found significant differences in beta diversity, in certain taxon, and pathways between subjects with inactive CD in GFD and controls. Collectively, our data may suggest the development of new GFD products by modulating the gut microbiota through diet, supplements of vitamins, and the addition of specific prebiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orazio Palmieri
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (A.L.); (T.L.); (A.P.); (R.F.); (A.M.I.); (G.B.); (A.G.); (D.G.); (F.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Stefano Castellana
- Bioinformatics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (S.C.); (T.M.)
| | - Antonio Bevilacqua
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (A.B.); (M.S.); (M.R.C.); (C.L.)
| | - Anna Latiano
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (A.L.); (T.L.); (A.P.); (R.F.); (A.M.I.); (G.B.); (A.G.); (D.G.); (F.P.)
| | - Tiziana Latiano
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (A.L.); (T.L.); (A.P.); (R.F.); (A.M.I.); (G.B.); (A.G.); (D.G.); (F.P.)
| | - Anna Panza
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (A.L.); (T.L.); (A.P.); (R.F.); (A.M.I.); (G.B.); (A.G.); (D.G.); (F.P.)
| | - Rosanna Fontana
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (A.L.); (T.L.); (A.P.); (R.F.); (A.M.I.); (G.B.); (A.G.); (D.G.); (F.P.)
| | - Antonio Massimo Ippolito
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (A.L.); (T.L.); (A.P.); (R.F.); (A.M.I.); (G.B.); (A.G.); (D.G.); (F.P.)
| | - Giuseppe Biscaglia
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (A.L.); (T.L.); (A.P.); (R.F.); (A.M.I.); (G.B.); (A.G.); (D.G.); (F.P.)
| | - Annamaria Gentile
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (A.L.); (T.L.); (A.P.); (R.F.); (A.M.I.); (G.B.); (A.G.); (D.G.); (F.P.)
| | - Domenica Gioffreda
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (A.L.); (T.L.); (A.P.); (R.F.); (A.M.I.); (G.B.); (A.G.); (D.G.); (F.P.)
| | - Ivana Decina
- New Gluten World s.r.l., 71121 Foggia, Italy; (I.D.); (M.T.)
| | | | - Milena Sinigaglia
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (A.B.); (M.S.); (M.R.C.); (C.L.)
| | - Maria Rosaria Corbo
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (A.B.); (M.S.); (M.R.C.); (C.L.)
| | - Tommaso Mazza
- Bioinformatics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (S.C.); (T.M.)
| | - Francesco Perri
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (A.L.); (T.L.); (A.P.); (R.F.); (A.M.I.); (G.B.); (A.G.); (D.G.); (F.P.)
| | - Carmela Lamacchia
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (A.B.); (M.S.); (M.R.C.); (C.L.)
- New Gluten World s.r.l., 71121 Foggia, Italy; (I.D.); (M.T.)
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8
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Novak J, Butorac K, Leboš Pavunc A, Banić M, Butorac A, Lepur A, Oršolić N, Tonković K, Bendelja K, Čuljak N, Lovrić M, Šušković J, Kos B. A Lactic Acid Bacteria Consortium Impacted the Content of Casein-Derived Biopeptides in Dried Fresh Cheese. Molecules 2021; 27:160. [PMID: 35011392 PMCID: PMC8746304 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to define a consortium of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that will bring added value to dried fresh cheese through specific probiotic properties and the synthesis of bioactive peptides (biopeptides). The designed LAB consortium consisted of three Lactobacillus strains: S-layer carrying Levilactobacillus brevis D6, exopolysaccharides producing Limosilactobacillus fermentum D12 and plantaricin expressing Lactiplantibacillus plantarum D13, and one Enterococcus strain, Enterococcus faecium ZGZA7-10. Chosen autochthonous LAB strains exhibited efficient adherence to the Caco-2 cell line and impacted faecal microbiota biodiversity. The cheese produced by the LAB consortium showed better physicochemical, textural and sensory properties than the cheese produced by a commercial starter culture. Liquid chromatography coupled with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MALDI-TOF/TOF) showed the presence of 18 specific biopeptides in dried fresh cheeses. Their identification and relative quantification was confirmed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). The results also showed that their synthesis resulted mainly from β-casein and also α-S1 casein degradation by proteolytic activities of the LAB consortium. The designed LAB consortium enhanced the functional value of the final product through impact on biopeptide concentrations and specific probiotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasna Novak
- Laboratory for Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Cultures Technology, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (J.N.); (K.B.); (A.L.P.); (M.B.); (N.Č.); (J.Š.)
| | - Katarina Butorac
- Laboratory for Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Cultures Technology, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (J.N.); (K.B.); (A.L.P.); (M.B.); (N.Č.); (J.Š.)
| | - Andreja Leboš Pavunc
- Laboratory for Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Cultures Technology, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (J.N.); (K.B.); (A.L.P.); (M.B.); (N.Č.); (J.Š.)
| | - Martina Banić
- Laboratory for Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Cultures Technology, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (J.N.); (K.B.); (A.L.P.); (M.B.); (N.Č.); (J.Š.)
| | - Ana Butorac
- BICRO Biocentre Ltd., Borongajska cesta 83H, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.); (A.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Adriana Lepur
- BICRO Biocentre Ltd., Borongajska cesta 83H, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.); (A.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Nada Oršolić
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | | | - Krešo Bendelja
- Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Rockefellerova 10, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Nina Čuljak
- Laboratory for Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Cultures Technology, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (J.N.); (K.B.); (A.L.P.); (M.B.); (N.Č.); (J.Š.)
| | - Marija Lovrić
- BICRO Biocentre Ltd., Borongajska cesta 83H, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.B.); (A.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Jagoda Šušković
- Laboratory for Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Cultures Technology, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (J.N.); (K.B.); (A.L.P.); (M.B.); (N.Č.); (J.Š.)
| | - Blaženka Kos
- Laboratory for Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Cultures Technology, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (J.N.); (K.B.); (A.L.P.); (M.B.); (N.Č.); (J.Š.)
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9
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Sun Y, Chen X, Wang S, Deng M, Xie Y, Wang X, Chen J, Hesketh T. Gluten-free Diet Reduces the Risk of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis. Front Genet 2021; 12:684535. [PMID: 34899821 PMCID: PMC8660079 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.684535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Whether a gluten-free diet (GFD) is a cause of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) remains controversial. We aim at exploring the causal relationship between gluten intake and IBS within Mendelian randomization (MR) design. Methods: We conducted a two-sample MR and selected single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with GFD as instrumental variables (IVs). SNPs and genetic associations with GFD and IBS were obtained from the latest genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in Europeans (GFD: cases: 1,376; controls: 63,573; IBS: cases:1,121; controls: 360,073). We performed inverse variance weighting (IVW) as the primary method with several sensitivity analyses like MR-Egger and MR-PRESSO for quality control. The above analyses were re-run using another large dataset of IBS, as well as changing the p-value threshold when screening IVs, to verify the stability of the results. Results: The final estimate indicated significant causal association [per one copy of effect allele predicted log odds ratio (OR) change in GFD intake: OR = 0.97, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.96 to 0.99, p < 0.01] without heterogeneity statistically (Q = 2.48, p = 0.78) nor horizontal pleiotropy biasing the causality (p = 0.92). Consistent results were found in validation analyses. Results of MR Steiger directionality test indicated the accuracy of our estimate of the causal direction (Steiger p < 0.001). Conclusion: GFD might be a protective factor of IBS. Therefore, we suggest taking a diet of lower gluten intake into account in IBS prevention and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Sun
- Centre for Global Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuejie Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuyang Wang
- Centre for Global Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minzi Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Xie
- Centre for Global Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Centre for Global Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Therese Hesketh
- Centre for Global Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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10
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Rej A, Aziz I, Sanders DS. Personalizing Dietary Therapies For Irritable Bowel Syndrome: What Is Gluten's Role? Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 19:2270-2273. [PMID: 33069879 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Rej
- Academic Unit of Gastroenterology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Imran Aziz
- Academic Unit of Gastroenterology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - David S Sanders
- Academic Unit of Gastroenterology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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11
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Multidimensional Disadvantages of a Gluten-Free Diet in Celiac Disease: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020643. [PMID: 33669442 PMCID: PMC7920475 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A gluten-free diet is the mainstay method of treatment and the prevention of celiac disease complications. However, an inadequately balanced gluten-free diet can increase the risk of obesity, negatively affect glucose and lipid metabolism, and increase the risk of the metabolic syndrome. Therefore, an adequate nutritional counselling is necessary for patients diagnosed with celiac disease in order to prevent and treat the components of the metabolic syndrome.
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12
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Garnweidner-Holme L, Sende K, Hellmann M, Henriksen C, Lundin KEA, Myhrstad MCW, Telle-Hansen VH. Experiences of managing a gluten-free diet on multiple levels of society: a qualitative study. BMC Nutr 2020; 6:65. [PMID: 33292694 PMCID: PMC7682064 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-020-00390-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coeliac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy against dietary gluten. The treatment for CD is a strict life-long gluten-free (GF) diet, which has a profound effect on a person’s life. In recent years, there has been an increase in the availability of gluten-free products. This study investigates how people with CD experience and manage a GF diet. Methods Semi-structured, individual interviews were conducted in different areas of Norway. The analysis was guided by Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Participants with CD (n = 12) varied in terms of gender, age, family composition and time since diagnosed. Results The analysis revealed challenges for a GF diet at the individual, interpersonal, community and policy levels. At the individual level, the participants explained that it took time to gain knowledge about a GF diet, and they expressed uncertainty about the healthiness of a GF diet. At the interpersonal level, the feeling of being different and the fear of gluten contamination were barriers to the enjoyment of social meals. At the community level, the participants asked for a wider selection of tastier GF products to purchase and increased knowledge about CD among those who prepare and sell GF foods. At the policy level, the participants asked for political action to make GF products more affordable. Conclusions This study indicates that people with CD should be given information about how to manage a GF diet right after being diagnosed with CD. The food industry should be encouraged to produce healthy and tasty GF products. Supplementary Information Supplementary information accompanies this paper at 10.1186/s40795-020-00390-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Garnweidner-Holme
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, P.O. 4, St. Olavs Plass, 0130 Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Karla Sende
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, P.O. 4, St. Olavs Plass, 0130 Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Monica Hellmann
- Det Glutenfrie Verkstedet, Nordseterveien 26A, 1176, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christine Henriksen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Boks 1072 Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut E A Lundin
- K. G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Boks 1072 Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital, Boks 1072 Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mari C W Myhrstad
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, P.O. 4, St. Olavs Plass, 0130 Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vibeke H Telle-Hansen
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, P.O. 4, St. Olavs Plass, 0130 Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
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13
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A Gluten Free Diet in the Management of Epilepsy in People with Coeliac Disease or Gluten Sensitivity. GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/gidisord2030026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review was to assess the effects of a gluten free diet (GFD) in the management of epilepsy in people with coeliac disease (CD) or gluten sensitivity (GS). A systematic approach was used to undertake a literature review. Five electronic databases (PubMed; Scopus; Google Scholar; Cochrane Epilepsy Group specialised register; Cochrane Register of Controlled Trails (CENTRAL) via the Cochrane Register of Online Trials) were searched using predetermined relevant search terms. In total, 668 articles were identified. Duplicates were removed and predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, and a PRISMA flow chart was produced. Data was extracted using Covidence software. Twelve studies on Epilepsy and CD involving a total of 70 participants were selected for analysis; narrative synthesis was used owing to the small sample sizes in the selected studies. None of the 12 studies meeting inclusion criteria investigated gluten sensitivity and epilepsy. All the included studies support a link between epilepsy and CD. GFD was effective in 44 out of 70 participants across the studies in terms of a reduction of seizures, reduction of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) or normalisation of EEG pattern. A total of 44 participants showed a reduction in seizures (across eight studies) and complete cessation of seizures was reported in 22 participants. In general, the earlier the GFD is implemented after the onset of seizures, the better the likelihood of the GFD being successful in supporting control of seizures. Mechanisms linking gluten with epilepsy are not fully understood; possible hypotheses include gluten mediated toxicity, immune-induced cortical damage and malabsorption. Evidence suggests the effectiveness of a GFD in supporting the management of epilepsy in patients with CD, although the quality of evidence is low. There appears to be a growing number of neurologists who are prepared to advocate the use of a GFD. A multidisciplinary approaches and further research are recommended. It could be argued that when balancing potential treatments such as AEDs or surgery, a GFD has a low likelihood of harm.
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14
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Kim B, Choi HN, Yim JE. Effect of Diet on the Gut Microbiota Associated with Obesity. J Obes Metab Syndr 2019; 28:216-224. [PMID: 31909364 PMCID: PMC6939700 DOI: 10.7570/jomes.2019.28.4.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that is associated with progression of metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cancer. Gut microbiota (GM) have received much attention as essential factors in development and progression of obesity. The diversity, composition, and metabolic activity of GM are closely associated with nutrient intake and dietary pattern. Scientific evidence supports the idea that dietary pattern directly changes the GM profile; therefore, diet is a crucial component related to interactions between GM and obesity progression. A literature review showed that dietary factors such as probiotics, prebiotics, fat, fatty acids, and fiber dramatically alter the GM profile related to obesity. Furthermore, different dietary patterns result in different GM composition and activity that can contribute to amelioration of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohkyung Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Ha-Neul Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Changwon National University, Changwon, Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Yim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Changwon National University, Changwon, Korea
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15
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Rej A, Aziz I, Tornblom H, Sanders DS, Simrén M. The role of diet in irritable bowel syndrome: implications for dietary advice. J Intern Med 2019; 286:490-502. [PMID: 31468640 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder that affects approximately 10% of the population. Diet triggers symptoms in the vast majority of individuals with IBS. In view of this, there has been a focus on the role of diet in IBS. The diets currently being headlined for IBS include (i) traditional dietary advice, (ii) the low fermentable oligo-, di-, mono- saccharides and polyols (FODMAPs) diet and (iii) the gluten-free diet (GFD). Although traditional dietary advice is considered as the first-line dietary therapy, its evidence base is variable, with a few randomized controlled trials (RCTs) exploring the efficacy of this approach, other than for fibre. There are now a growing number of RCTs demonstrating the efficacy of the low FODMAP diet in the short-term, with some emerging data on the long-term 'adapted' low FODMAP diet. There are also several RCTs showing the benefits of a GFD in IBS; however, this concept is hampered with uncertainty as to the mechanism of action. Nevertheless, all of these dietary therapies are viable options for individuals with IBS, with the dietitian and patient engagement at the forefront of achieving success. However, future pragmatic studies are needed to clarify the comparative efficacy and convenience of implementing these various diets into routine life. Moreover, it is imperative to better delineate the concern that restrictive diets - such as the low FODMAP and GFD - may promote nutritional inadequacies, disordered eating behaviours, and lead to detrimental alterations to the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rej
- Academic Unit of Gastroenterology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - I Aziz
- Academic Unit of Gastroenterology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Academic Unit of Gastroenterology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - H Tornblom
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - D S Sanders
- Academic Unit of Gastroenterology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Academic Unit of Gastroenterology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - M Simrén
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Center for Functional Gastrointestinal and Motility Disorders, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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16
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Rinninella E, Cintoni M, Raoul P, Lopetuso LR, Scaldaferri F, Pulcini G, Miggiano GAD, Gasbarrini A, Mele MC. Food Components and Dietary Habits: Keys for a Healthy Gut Microbiota Composition. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2393. [PMID: 31591348 PMCID: PMC6835969 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is a changing ecosystem, containing trillions of bacteria, continuously shaped by many factors, such as dietary habits, seasonality, lifestyle, stress, antibiotics use, or diseases. A healthy host-microorganisms balance must be respected in order to optimally maintain the intestinal barrier and immune system functions and, consequently, prevent disease development. In the past several decades, the adoption of modern dietary habits has become a growing health concern, as it is strongly associated with obesity and related metabolic diseases, promoting inflammation and both structural and behavioral changes in gut microbiota. In this context, novel dietary strategies are emerging to prevent diseases and maintain health. However, the consequences of these different diets on gut microbiota modulation are still largely unknown, and could potentially lead to alterations of gut microbiota, intestinal barrier, and the immune system. The present review aimed to focus on the impact of single food components (macronutrients and micronutrients), salt, food additives, and different dietary habits (i.e., vegan and vegetarian, gluten-free, ketogenic, high sugar, low FODMAP, Western-type, and Mediterranean diets) on gut microbiota composition in order to define the optimal diet for a healthy modulation of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Rinninella
- UOC di Nutrizione Clinica, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino‑Metaboliche e Nefro‑Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
- Istituto di Patologia Speciale Medica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Marco Cintoni
- Scuola di Specializzazione in Scienza dell'Alimentazione, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Pauline Raoul
- Istituto di Patologia Speciale Medica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Loris Riccardo Lopetuso
- Istituto di Patologia Speciale Medica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
- UOC di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino‑Metaboliche e Nefro‑Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Franco Scaldaferri
- Istituto di Patologia Speciale Medica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
- UOC di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino‑Metaboliche e Nefro‑Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Pulcini
- Scuola di Specializzazione in Scienza dell'Alimentazione, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giacinto Abele Donato Miggiano
- UOC di Nutrizione Clinica, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino‑Metaboliche e Nefro‑Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
- Istituto di Patologia Speciale Medica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Istituto di Patologia Speciale Medica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
- UOC di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino‑Metaboliche e Nefro‑Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Cristina Mele
- UOC di Nutrizione Clinica, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino‑Metaboliche e Nefro‑Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
- Istituto di Patologia Speciale Medica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Elli
- Center for the Prevention and Diagnosis of Coeliac Disease, Division of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy.
| | - Beatrice Marinoni
- Center for the Prevention and Diagnosis of Coeliac Disease, Division of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy.
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18
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Rej A, Sanders DS. Gluten-Free Diet and Its 'Cousins' in Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111727. [PMID: 30423854 PMCID: PMC6266983 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional disorders are common, with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) being the commonest and most extensively evaluated functional bowel disorder. It is therefore paramount that effective therapies are available to treat this common condition. Diet appears to play a pivotal role in symptom generation in IBS, with a recent interest in the role of dietary therapies in IBS. Over the last decade, there has been a substantial increase in awareness of the gluten-free diet (GFD), with a recent focus of the role of a GFD in IBS. There appears to be emerging evidence for the use of a GFD in IBS, with studies demonstrating the induction of symptoms following gluten in patients with IBS. However, there are questions with regards to which components of wheat lead to symptom generation, as well as the effect of a GFD on nutritional status, gut microbiota and long-term outcomes. Further studies are required, although the design of dietary studies remain challenging. The implementation of a GFD should be performed by a dietitian with a specialist interest in IBS, which could be achieved via the delivery of group sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Rej
- Academic Unit of Gastroenterology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK.
| | - David Surendran Sanders
- Academic Unit of Gastroenterology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK.
- Academic Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.
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19
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Busby E, Bold J, Fellows L, Rostami K. Mood Disorders and Gluten: It's Not All in Your Mind! A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1708. [PMID: 30413036 PMCID: PMC6266949 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gluten elimination may represent an effective treatment strategy for mood disorders in individuals with gluten-related disorders. However, the directionality of the relationship remains unclear. We performed a systematic review of prospective studies for effects of gluten on mood symptoms in patients with or without gluten-related disorders. Six electronic databases (CINAHL, PsycINFO, Medline, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane Library) were searched, from inception to 8 August 2018, for prospective studies published in English. Meta-analyses with random-effects were performed. Three randomised-controlled trials and 10 longitudinal studies comprising 1139 participants fit the inclusion criteria. A gluten-free diet (GFD) significantly improved pooled depressive symptom scores in GFD-treated patients (Standardised Mean Difference (SMD) -0.37, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.55 to -0.20; p < 0.0001), with no difference in mean scores between patients and healthy controls after one year (SMD 0.01, 95% CI -0.18 to 0.20, p = 0.94). There was a tendency towards worsening symptoms for non-coeliac gluten sensitive patients during a blinded gluten challenge vs. placebo (SMD 0.21, 95% CI -0.58 to 0.15; p = 0.25). Our review supports the association between mood disorders and gluten intake in susceptible individuals. The effects of a GFD on mood in subjects without gluten-related disorders should be considered in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Busby
- The School of Allied Health and Community, University of Worcester, Worcester WR2 6AJ, UK.
| | - Justine Bold
- The School of Allied Health and Community, University of Worcester, Worcester WR2 6AJ, UK.
| | - Lindsey Fellows
- The School of Allied Health and Community, University of Worcester, Worcester WR2 6AJ, UK.
| | - Kamran Rostami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mid-Central District Health Board, Palmerston North Hospital, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
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20
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Garcia-Mazcorro JF, Rivera-Gutierrez X, Cobos-Quevedo ODJ, Grube-Pagola P, Meixueiro-Daza A, Hernandez-Flores K, Cabrera-Jorge FJ, Vivanco-Cid H, Dowd SE, Remes-Troche JM. First Insights into the Gut Microbiota of Mexican Patients with Celiac Disease and Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1641. [PMID: 30400238 PMCID: PMC6266755 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gluten-related disorders (GRDs) are common chronic enteropathies and increasing evidence suggests an involvement of the gut microbiota. We examined the gut microbiota in Mexican people afflicted with GRDs. Ultra-high-throughput 16S marker sequencing was used to deeply describe the duodenal and fecal microbiota of patients with celiac disease (CD, n = 6), non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS, n = 12), and healthy subjects (n = 12) from our local area. Additionally, we also investigated the changes in gut microbiota after four weeks on a gluten-free diet (GFD) in a subset of patients from whom paired samples were available. Despite a high inter-individual variability, significant differences in various microbial populations were identified. The linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) method revealed that the genus Actinobacillus and the family Ruminococcaceae were higher in the duodenal and fecal microbiota of NCGS patients, respectively, while Novispirillum was higher in the duodenum of CD patients (p < 0.05, LDA score > 3.5). Interestingly, paired samples from NCGS patients showed a significant difference in duodenal Pseudomonas between the baseline period (median: 1.3%; min/max: 0.47⁻6.8%) and the period after four weeks on GFD (14.8%; 2.3⁻38.5%, p < 0.01, Wilcoxon signed-rank test). These results encourage more research on GRDs in México.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose F Garcia-Mazcorro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Medico Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Calle Agustín de Iturbide, Salvador Díaz Mirón, 91700 Veracruz, México.
| | - Xaira Rivera-Gutierrez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Medico Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Calle Agustín de Iturbide, Salvador Díaz Mirón, 91700 Veracruz, México.
| | - Orestes De Jesus Cobos-Quevedo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Medico Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Calle Agustín de Iturbide, Salvador Díaz Mirón, 91700 Veracruz, México.
| | - Peter Grube-Pagola
- Instituto de Investigaciones Medico Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Calle Agustín de Iturbide, Salvador Díaz Mirón, 91700 Veracruz, México.
| | - Arturo Meixueiro-Daza
- Instituto de Investigaciones Medico Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Calle Agustín de Iturbide, Salvador Díaz Mirón, 91700 Veracruz, México.
| | - Karina Hernandez-Flores
- Instituto de Investigaciones Medico Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Calle Agustín de Iturbide, Salvador Díaz Mirón, 91700 Veracruz, México.
| | - Francisco J Cabrera-Jorge
- Instituto de Investigaciones Medico Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Calle Agustín de Iturbide, Salvador Díaz Mirón, 91700 Veracruz, México.
| | - Hector Vivanco-Cid
- Instituto de Investigaciones Medico Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Calle Agustín de Iturbide, Salvador Díaz Mirón, 91700 Veracruz, México.
| | - Scot E Dowd
- Molecular Research LP, 503 Clovis Rd, Shallowater, TX 79363, USA.
| | - Jose M Remes-Troche
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Digestiva y Motilidad Gastrointestinal, Instituto de Investigaciones Medico Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Calle Agustín de Iturbide, Salvador Díaz Mirón, 91700 Veracruz, México.
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