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Kokura Y, Ueshima J, Saino Y, Keisuke M. Enhanced protein intake on maintaining muscle mass, strength, and physical function in adults with overweight/obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 63:417-426. [PMID: 39002131 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Weight loss in individuals with obesity and overweight leads to metabolic and health benefits but also poses the risk of muscle mass reduction. This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials aims to determine the initial protein amount necessary for achieving weight loss while maintaining muscle mass, strength, and physical function in adults with overweight and obesity. METHODS Relevant literature databases, including Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline), Excerpta Medica (Embase), the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINHAL), and Web of Science, were electronically searched up to 15 March 2023. We examined the effect of additional protein intake on muscle mass, strength, and physical function in adults with overweight or obesity targeting weight loss. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2.0 tool. Results were synthesized using standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) via a random-effects model. RESULTS Forty-seven studies (n = 3218) were included. In the muscle mass analysis, twenty-eight trials with 1989 participants were encompassed. Results indicated that increased protein intake significantly prevents muscle mass decline in adults with overweight or obesity aiming for weight loss (SMD 0.75; 95% CI 0.41 to 1.10; p < 0.001). Enhanced protein intake did not significantly prevent decreases in muscle strength and physical function. An intake exceeding 1.3 g/kg/day is anticipated to increase muscle mass, while an intake below 1.0 g/kg/day is associated with a higher risk of muscle mass decline. The risk of bias in studies regarding muscle mass ranged from low to high. CONCLUSIONS Adults with overweight or obesity and aim for weight loss can more effectively retain muscle mass through higher protein intake, as opposed to no protein intake enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoji Kokura
- Department of Nutritional Management, Keiju Hatogaoka Integrated Facility for Medical and Long-Term Care, Ishikawa, Japan.
| | - Junko Ueshima
- Department of Nutritional Service, NTT Medical Center Tokyo, Japan, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Hospital, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Yoko Saino
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan.
| | - Maeda Keisuke
- Nutrition Therapy Support Center, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Aichi, Japan, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Hospital, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan.
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Schiavo L, Santella B, Paolini B, Rahimi F, Giglio E, Martinelli B, Boschetti S, Bertolani L, Gennai K, Arolfo S, Bertani MP, Pilone V. Adding Branched-Chain Amino Acids and Vitamin D to Whey Protein Is More Effective than Protein Alone in Preserving Fat Free Mass and Muscle Strength in the First Month after Sleeve Gastrectomy. Nutrients 2024; 16:1448. [PMID: 38794686 PMCID: PMC11123955 DOI: 10.3390/nu16101448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is one of the most commonly performed weight loss (WL) bariatric procedures. The main goal of WL is reducing total body weight (TBW) and fat mass (FM). However, TBW loss is systematically accompanied by a decline in fat-free mass (FFM), predominantly in the first post-surgical month, despite protein supplementation. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and vitamin D seem to attenuate loss of FFM and, thus, reduce the decline in muscle strength (MS). However, data on the role of an integrated supplementation with whey protein plus BCAAs plus vitamin D (P+BCAAs+Vit.D) vs. protein alone on total weight loss (TWL), fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), and (MS) in the first month after SG are lacking. Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate the impact of P+BCAAs+Vit.D vs. protein alone supplementation on TWL, FM, FFM, and MS in the first month after SG. MATERIALS AND METHODS Before SG and at 1 month afterward, we prospectively measured and compared TBW, FM, FFM, and MS in 57 patients who received either a supplementation with P+BCAAs+Vit.D (n = 31) or protein alone (n = 26). The impact of P+BCAAs+Vit.D and protein alone supplementation on clinical status was also evaluated. RESULTS Despite non-significant variation in TBW, FM decreased more significantly (18.5% vs. 13.2%, p = 0.023) with the P+BCAA+Vit.D supplementation compared to protein alone. Furthermore, the P+BCAA+Vit.D group showed a significantly lower decrease in FFM (4.1% vs. 11.4%, p < 0.001) and MS (3.8% vs. 18.5%, p < 0.001) compared to the protein alone group. No significant alterations in clinical status were seen in either group. CONCLUSION P+BCAA+Vit.D supplementation is more effective than protein alone in determining FM loss and is associated with a lower decrease in FFM and MS, without interfering with clinical status in patients 1 month after SG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Schiavo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy;
- NBFC—National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Biagio Santella
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy;
- NBFC—National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Barbara Paolini
- Department of Innovation, Experimentation and Clinical Research, Unit of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Santa Maria Alle Scotte Hospital, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (B.P.); (B.M.); (K.G.)
| | - Farnaz Rahimi
- Dietetic Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy; (F.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Emmanuele Giglio
- Department of Bariatric Surgery, Clinical Institute “Beato Matteo”, 27029 Vigevano, Italy; (E.G.); (L.B.); (M.P.B.)
| | - Barbara Martinelli
- Department of Innovation, Experimentation and Clinical Research, Unit of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Santa Maria Alle Scotte Hospital, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (B.P.); (B.M.); (K.G.)
| | - Stefano Boschetti
- Dietetic Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy; (F.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Lilia Bertolani
- Department of Bariatric Surgery, Clinical Institute “Beato Matteo”, 27029 Vigevano, Italy; (E.G.); (L.B.); (M.P.B.)
| | - Katia Gennai
- Department of Innovation, Experimentation and Clinical Research, Unit of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Santa Maria Alle Scotte Hospital, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (B.P.); (B.M.); (K.G.)
| | - Simone Arolfo
- General Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Maria Paola Bertani
- Department of Bariatric Surgery, Clinical Institute “Beato Matteo”, 27029 Vigevano, Italy; (E.G.); (L.B.); (M.P.B.)
| | - Vincenzo Pilone
- Public Health Department, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
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Mohammadi S, Asbaghi O, Dolatshahi S, Omran HS, Amirani N, Koozehkanani FJ, Garmjani HB, Goudarzi K, Ashtary-Larky D. Effects of supplementation with milk protein on glycemic parameters: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Nutr J 2023; 22:49. [PMID: 37798798 PMCID: PMC10557355 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-023-00878-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is suggested that supplementation with milk protein (MP) has the potential to ameliorate the glycemic profile; however, the exact impact and certainty of the findings have yet to be evaluated. This systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessed the impact of MP supplementation on the glycemic parameters in adults. METHODS A systematic search was carried out among online databases to determine eligible RCTs published up to November 2022. A random-effects model was performed for the meta-analysis. RESULTS A total of 36 RCTs with 1851 participants were included in the pooled analysis. It was displayed that supplementation with MP effectively reduced levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG) (weighted mean difference (WMD): -1.83 mg/dL, 95% CI: -3.28, -0.38; P = 0.013), fasting insulin (WMD: -1.06 uU/mL, 95% CI: -1.76, -0.36; P = 0.003), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (WMD: -0.27, 95% CI: -0.40, -0.14; P < 0.001) while making no remarkable changes in serum hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) values (WMD: 0.01%, 95% CI: -0.14, 0.16; P = 0.891). However, there was a significant decline in serum levels of HbA1c among participants with normal baseline body mass index (BMI) based on sub-group analyses. In addition, HOMA-IR values were significantly lower in the MP supplement-treated group than their untreated counterparts in short- and long-term supplementation (≤ 8 and > 8 weeks) with high or moderate doses (≥ 60 or 30-60 g/d) of MP or whey protein (WP). Serum FBG levels were considerably reduced upon short-term administration of a low daily dose of WP (< 30 g). Furthermore, the levels of serum fasting insulin were remarkably decreased during long-term supplementation with high or moderate daily doses of WP. CONCLUSION The findings of this study suggest that supplementation with MP may improve glycemic control in adults by reducing the values of fasting insulin, FBG, and HOMA-IR. Additional trials with longer durations are required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shooka Mohammadi
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Omid Asbaghi
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Dolatshahi
- Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Salehi Omran
- Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niusha Amirani
- Faculty of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Jahangir Koozehkanani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Kian Goudarzi
- Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Damoon Ashtary-Larky
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Pepe RB, Lottenberg AM, Fujiwara CTH, Beyruti M, Cintra DE, Machado RM, Rodrigues A, Jensen NSO, Caldas APS, Fernandes AE, Rossoni C, Mattos F, Motarelli JHF, Bressan J, Saldanha J, Beda LMM, Lavrador MSF, Del Bosco M, Cruz P, Correia PE, Maximino P, Pereira S, Faria SL, Piovacari SMF. Position statement on nutrition therapy for overweight and obesity: nutrition department of the Brazilian association for the study of obesity and metabolic syndrome (ABESO-2022). Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:124. [PMID: 37296485 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01037-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic disease resulting from multifactorial causes mainly related to lifestyle (sedentary lifestyle, inadequate eating habits) and to other conditions such as genetic, hereditary, psychological, cultural, and ethnic factors. The weight loss process is slow and complex, and involves lifestyle changes with an emphasis on nutritional therapy, physical activity practice, psychological interventions, and pharmacological or surgical treatment. Because the management of obesity is a long-term process, it is essential that the nutritional treatment contributes to the maintenance of the individual's global health. The main diet-related causes associated with excess weight are the high consumption of ultraprocessed foods, which are high in fats, sugars, and have high energy density; increased portion sizes; and low intake of fruits, vegetables, and grains. In addition, some situations negatively interfere with the weight loss process, such as fad diets that involve the belief in superfoods, the use of teas and phytotherapics, or even the avoidance of certain food groups, as has currently been the case for foods that are sources of carbohydrates. Individuals with obesity are often exposed to fad diets and, on a recurring basis, adhere to proposals with promises of quick solutions, which are not supported by the scientific literature. The adoption of a dietary pattern combining foods such as grains, lean meats, low-fat dairy, fruits, and vegetables, associated with an energy deficit, is the nutritional treatment recommended by the main international guidelines. Moreover, an emphasis on behavioral aspects including motivational interviewing and the encouragement for the individual to develop skills will contribute to achieve and maintain a healthy weight. Therefore, this Position Statement was prepared based on the analysis of the main randomized controlled studies and meta-analyses that tested different nutrition interventions for weight loss. Topics in the frontier of knowledge such as gut microbiota, inflammation, and nutritional genomics, as well as the processes involved in weight regain, were included in this document. This Position Statement was prepared by the Nutrition Department of the Brazilian Association for the Study of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome (ABESO), with the collaboration of dietitians from research and clinical fields with an emphasis on strategies for weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Bressan Pepe
- Grupo de Obesidade e Sindrome Metabolica, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Lottenberg
- Laboratório de Lipides (LIM10), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- Nutrition Department of the Brazilian Association for the Study of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome (ABESO), Rua Mato Grosso 306 - cj 1711, Sao Paulo, SP, 01239-040, Brazil.
| | - Clarissa Tamie Hiwatashi Fujiwara
- Grupo de Obesidade e Sindrome Metabolica, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mônica Beyruti
- Brazilian Association for the Study of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome (ABESO), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Dennys Esper Cintra
- Centro de Estudos em Lipídios e Nutrigenômica - CELN - University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberta Marcondes Machado
- Liga Acadêmica de Controle de Diabetes do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Rodrigues
- Brazilian Association for the Study of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome (ABESO), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Natália Sanchez Oliveira Jensen
- Liga Acadêmica de Controle de Diabetes do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ariana Ester Fernandes
- Grupo de Obesidade e Sindrome Metabolica, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carina Rossoni
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Mattos
- Programa de Obesidade e Cirurgia Bariátrica do Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho da UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - João Henrique Fabiano Motarelli
- Núcleo de Estudos e Extensão em Comportamento Alimentar e Obesidade (NEPOCA) da Universidade de São Paulo - FMRP/USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Josefina Bressan
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Lis Mie Masuzawa Beda
- Brazilian Association for the Study of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome (ABESO), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Sílvia Ferrari Lavrador
- Liga Acadêmica de Controle de Diabetes do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Del Bosco
- Brazilian Association for the Study of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome (ABESO), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Cruz
- Grupo de Obesidade e Sindrome Metabolica, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Priscila Maximino
- Instituto PENSI - Fundação José Luiz Egydio Setúbal, Instituto Pensi, Fundação José Luiz Egydio Setúbal, Hospital Infantil Sabará, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvia Pereira
- Núcleo de Saúde Alimentar da Sociedade Brasileira de Cirurgia Bariátrica e Metabólica, São Paulo, Brazil
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Wirth J, Hillesheim E, Brennan L. Protein intake and its effect on sleep outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Rev 2023; 81:333-345. [PMID: 36083207 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Poor sleep is increasingly seen as an issue of public health concern. In recent years, there has been growing interest in protein as a route to improve sleep outcomes; however, the evidence is limited and inconclusive. OBJECTIVE To examine, using a systematic review and meta-analysis, the effect of increased protein intake (≥1 g/kg//d, ≥25% of total energy intake, or protein supplementation of ≥10 g/d/) on sleep outcomes in adults. METHODS On November 30, 2021, 5 electronic databases were searched to identify relevant randomized controlled trials (PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science, and CINAHL Plus). Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias tool, version 2.0. DATA EXTRACTION Five sleep outcomes were included in this systematic review (sleep quality [SQ], sleep latency [SL], sleep efficiency [SEff], sleep time [ST], wake episodes, and other sleep outcomes) and 4 in the meta-analysis (SQ, SL, SEff, and ST). The quality of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. DATA ANALYSIS Twelve intervention studies reported on in 10 articles were included. The qualitative analyses showed that increased protein consumption has little influence on sleep outcomes. Only subjective SQ was positively associated with protein consumption in a few studies. Meta-analyses also showed no significant effect of increased protein intake on sleep outcomes (number of studies for SQ, ST, SL, and SEff: 8, 8, 7, and 6, respectively), with very low certainty of evidence. However, results from sensitivity analyses, excluding high-risk studies, suggest a small effect on SQ in favor of high protein intake (mean difference, -4.28; 95%CI, -7.77, -0.79; on a scale from 0 to 100). CONCLUSION This systematic review and meta-analysis indicate there is no clear relationship between increased protein intake and sleep. However, the strength of the evidence is low and more randomized controlled trials that focus on this specific research question are warranted. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO registration no. CRD42020196021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Wirth
- are with the UCD Institute of Food and Health, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- are with the UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- is with the Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elaine Hillesheim
- are with the UCD Institute of Food and Health, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- are with the UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- are with the UCD Institute of Food and Health, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- are with the UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Ladang A, Rauch F, Delvin E, Cavalier E. Bone Turnover Markers in Children: From Laboratory Challenges to Clinical Interpretation. Calcif Tissue Int 2023; 112:218-232. [PMID: 35243530 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-022-00964-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Bone turnover markers (BTMs) have been developed many years ago to study, in combination with imaging techniques, bone remodeling in adults. In children and adolescents, bone metabolism differs from adults since it implies both growth and bone remodeling, suggesting an age- and gender-dependent BTM concentration. Therefore, specific studies have evaluated BTMs in not only physiological but also pathological conditions. However, in pediatrics, the use of BTMs in clinical practice is still limited due to these many children-related specificities. This review will discuss about physiological levels of BTMs as well as their modifications under pathological conditions in children and adolescents. A focus is also given on analytical and clinical challenges that restrain BTM usefulness in pediatrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Ladang
- Clinical Chemistry Department, CHU de Liège, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Frank Rauch
- Shriners Hospital for Children, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Edgard Delvin
- Centre & Department of Biochemistry, Ste-Justine University Hospital Research, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
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Ling CJ, Chen XF, Xu JY, Wang GP, Wang Y, Sun Y, Li YL, Wan ZX, Tong X, Hidayat K, Zhu WZ, Qin LQ, Yang J. Whey protein hydrolysates alleviated weight gain and improved muscle in middle-aged obese mice induced by a high-fat diet. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Roth A, Sattelmayer M, Schorderet C, Gafner S, Allet L. Effects of exercise training and dietary supplement on fat free mass and bone mass density during weight loss – a systematic review and meta-analysis. F1000Res 2022; 11:8. [PMID: 36071711 PMCID: PMC9396077 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.75539.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: After a diet- or surgery induced weight loss almost 1/3 of lost weight consists of fat free mass (FFM) if carried out without additional therapy. Exercise training and a sufficient supply of protein, calcium and vitamin D is recommended to reduce the loss of FFM. Objective: To investigate the effect of exercise training, protein, calcium, and vitamin D supplementation on the preservation of FFM during non-surgical and surgical weight loss and of the combination of all interventions together in adults with obesity. Methods: A systematic review was performed with a pairwise meta-analysis and an exploratory network meta-analysis according to the PRISMA statement. Results: Thirty studies were included in the quantitative analysis. The pairwise meta-analysis showed for Exercise Training + High Protein vs. High Protein a moderate and statistically significant effect size (SMD 0.45; 95% CI 0.04 to 0.86), for Exercise Training + High Protein vs. Exercise Training a high but statistically not significant effect size (SMD 0.91; 95% CI -0.59 to 2.41) and for Exercise Training alone vs. Control a moderate but statistically not significant effect size (SMD 0.67; 95% CI -0.25 to 1.60). In the exploratory network meta-analysis three interventions showed statistically significant effect sizes compared to Control and all of them included the treatment Exercise Training. Conclusions: Results underline the importance of exercise training and a sufficient protein intake to preserve FFM during weight loss in adults with obesity. The effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation remains controversial and further research are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Roth
- Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Sattelmayer
- School of Health Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Valais, HES-SO Valais Wallis, Leukerbad, Switzerland
| | - Chloé Schorderet
- School of Health Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Valais, HES-SO Valais Wallis, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Simone Gafner
- Geneva School of Health Sciences, Genève, Switzerland
- Geneva School of Health Sciences, HES‑SO, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, 47 Avenue de Champel, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lara Allet
- School of Health Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Valais, HES-SO Valais Wallis, Sion, Switzerland
- Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Genève, Switzerland
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Li Q, Zhou S, Wang Y, Cong J. Changes of intestinal microbiota and microbiota-based treatments in IBD. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:442. [PMID: 35776212 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03069-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has gained increasing attention from researchers in terms of its pathophysiology as a global disease with a growing incidence. Although the exact etiology of IBD is still unknown currently, various studies have made us realize that it is related to the dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota and the link between the two may not just be a simple causal relationship, but also a dynamic and complicated one. The intestinal microbiota has been confirmed to be closely related to the occurrence, development, and treatment of IBD. Therefore, this review focuses on the changes in the structure, function, and metabolites of intestinal bacteria, fungi, and viruses in influencing IBD, as well as various approaches to IBD treatment by changing disordered intestinal microbiota. Ultimately, more clinical studies will be needed to focus on the efficacy of intestinal microbiota-based treatments in IBD, because of the existence of both advantages and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyu Li
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu Zhou
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanna Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Cong
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, People's Republic of China.
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A protein-supplemented very-low-calorie diet does not mitigate reductions in lean mass and resting metabolic rate in subjects with overweight or obesity: A randomized controlled trial. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:5726-5733. [PMID: 34749132 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The European Food Safety Authority recently recommended an increase in the protein content of total diet replacement (TDR) products from 50 to 75 g/day. The rationale was to minimize reductions in lean mass (LM) and resting metabolic rate (RMR) that occur with weight loss, and thereby facilitate maintenance of lost weight. We sought to directly compare the efficacy of TDR regimens with the new vs the current protein requirement. METHODS We randomized 108 adults with overweight or obesity (body mass index 28-40 kg/m2) to very-low-calorie diets (VLCD) with either 52 or 77 g/day protein for 8 weeks (total energy intake of 600 or 700 kcal/day, respectively). LM was determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and RMR by indirect calorimetry. RESULTS Attrition rate was 22% in both groups. Both VLCDs decreased body weight, fat mass, LM, and RMR (all P < 0.05). Significant time-by-group interactions were detected for weight and fat mass (both P < 0.05), with corresponding reductions being smaller in the higher-protein than the standard-protein VLCD, likely because of the added calories. On the other hand, reductions in LM (6% from baseline) and RMR (9-10% from baseline) did not differ between groups (P = 0.155 and P = 0.389, respectively), and the contribution of LM to total weight loss was identical (27 ± 2% of lost weight, P = 0.973). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the proposed increase in the protein content of TDR products does not attenuate reductions in LM and RMR in individuals with overweight and obesity who are treated with <800 kcal/day VLCDs for 2 months. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY ClinicalTrials.gov # NCT04156165.
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11
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Lua PL, Roslim NA, Ahmad A, Mansor M, Aung MMT, Hamzah F. Complementary and Alternative Therapies for Weight Loss: A Narrative Review. J Evid Based Integr Med 2021; 26:2515690X211043738. [PMID: 34496677 PMCID: PMC8436299 DOI: 10.1177/2515690x211043738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite various strategies, overweight and obesity problems are still increasingly prevalent worldwide with serious health outcomes. Consequently, the continuous demand for more effective, safe and acceptable therapies for reducing body weight is also escalating—including complementary and alternative therapies (CATs). The aim of this review is to provide a summary of the most commonly- and recently-used CATs, with evaluation of their safety and efficacy for weight loss. Electronic scientific databases such as Scopus, PubMed and EBSCO Host were explored for articles that reported CATs for overweight and obesity treatment from 2015 to December 2019. Only systematic reviews, meta-analysis and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in English were included. Studies whereby CATs were not utilized for reducing body weight were excluded. Eight systematic reviews and meta-analyses and 11 additional RCTs with 765 participants (50.2% overweight and 49.8% obese) related to hypnotherapy, acupuncture and dietary supplements met the inclusion criteria. Their results suggested that spirulina, chitosan, probiotic, EPA + DHA, vitamin D, fiber, and herbal extract supplementation may all provide small reductions in body weight (ranging from 1-10 kg). Interestingly, hypnotherapy and acupuncture reported significantly greater reduction in body weight compared with placebo (p < 0.001 and p < 0.0001, respectively). Nonetheless, the evidence is still relatively limited and not encouraging to provide a definitive conclusion due to the methodological shortcomings and the presence of adverse events in chitosan and fiber supplementation. Hence, studies of this nature need to be further replicated and improved to corroborate the efficacy and safety of the CATs to combat weight issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Lin Lua
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Afiedia Roslim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Aryati Ahmad
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Mardiana Mansor
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Myat Moe Thwe Aung
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Farrahdilla Hamzah
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Terengganu, Malaysia
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McCarthy D, Berg A. Weight Loss Strategies and the Risk of Skeletal Muscle Mass Loss. Nutrients 2021; 13:2473. [PMID: 34371981 PMCID: PMC8308821 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
With energy intake restriction and exercise remaining the key diet and lifestyle approaches to weight loss, this is not without potential negative implications for body composition, metabolic health, and quality and quantity of life. Ideally, weight loss should be derived almost exclusively from the fat mass compartment as this is the main driver of metabolic disease, however, several studies have shown that there is an accompanying loss of tissue from the fat-free compartment, especially skeletal muscle. Population groups including post-menopausal women, the elderly, those with metabolic disease and athletes may be particularly at risk of skeletal muscle loss when following a weight management programme. Research studies that have addressed this issue across a range of population groups are reviewed with a focus upon the contribution of resistance and endurance forms of exercise and a higher intake dietary protein above the current guideline of 0.8 g/kg body weight/day. While findings can be contradictory, overall, the consensus appears that fat-free and skeletal muscle masses can be preserved, albeit to varying degrees by including both forms of exercise (but especially resistance forms) in the weight management intervention. Equally, higher intakes of protein can protect loss of these body compartments, acting either separately or synergistically with exercise. Elderly individuals in particular may benefit most from this approach. Thus, the evidence supports the recommendations for intakes of protein above the current guidelines of 0.8 g/kg body weight/d for the healthy elderly population to also be incorporated into the dietary prescription for weight management in this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- David McCarthy
- Public Health Nutrition Research Group, London Metropolitan University, London N7 8DB, UK
| | - Aloys Berg
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79117 Freiburg, Germany;
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13
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Olsen J, Gaetti G, Grandahl K, Jemec GBE. Optical coherence tomography quantifying photo aging: skin microvasculature depth, epidermal thickness and UV exposure. Arch Dermatol Res 2021; 314:469-476. [PMID: 34109468 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-021-02245-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Photo aging predominantly occurs in the face, neck and hands due to UVA and UVB irradiation. It is associated with skin cancer and histological studies indicate thinning of the epidermis and elastosis occurs. Dynamic Optical coherence tomography (D-OCT) is a non-invasive imaging tool able to visualize the epidermis and upper dermis and its blood vessels as well as to evaluate epidermal thickness (ET) and blood flow. OBJECTIVE To investigate ET and blood vessel depth using D-OCT in human subjects correlated to UV exposure. METHODS We evaluated data from 249 healthy adults, that had D-OCT-scans conducted at four different regions (forehead, neck, arm and hand) and correlated ET and blood vessel depth with occupational UV exposure (total standard erythema dose, Total SED), season and demographic data. RESULTS Regional differences in ET and blood vessel depth were found (p values < 0.001). Multiple linear regressions showed a seasonal effect on both ET (- 0.113 to - 0.288 µm/day, p values < 0.001) and blood vessel depth (0.168-0.347 µm/day, p values < 0.001-0.007) during August-December. Significant age-related decrease of ET was seen in forehead, arm and hand (0.207-0.328 µm/year, p values = 0.002-0.18) and blood vessel depth in forehead (0.064-0.553 µm/year, p values = 0.01-0.61). Males had thicker epidermis (3.92-10.93 µm, p values = 0.002-0.15). CONCLUSION Changing seasons are a major predictor of both ET and blood vessel depth, showing strongest effect in non-exposed areas, suggesting a systemic effect, possibly due to seasonal vitamin D fluctuation. Sex, age and occupational UV exposure affect ET. This study demonstrated the feasibility of D-OCT to evaluate epidermal thickness and blood vessel depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Olsen
- Department of Dermatology, Health Sciences Faculty, Zealand University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Sygehusvej 10, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, 2730, Herlev, Denmark.
| | - Giovanni Gaetti
- Department of Dermatology, Health Sciences Faculty, Zealand University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Sygehusvej 10, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Kasper Grandahl
- Department of Occupational and Social Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Smedelundsgade 60, 4300, Holbæk, Denmark
| | - Gregor Borut Ernst Jemec
- Department of Dermatology, Health Sciences Faculty, Zealand University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Sygehusvej 10, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
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Ardavani A, Aziz H, Smith K, Atherton PJ, Phillips BE, Idris I. The Effects of Very Low Energy Diets and Low Energy Diets with Exercise Training on Skeletal Muscle Mass: A Narrative Review. Adv Ther 2021; 38:149-163. [PMID: 33211298 PMCID: PMC7854408 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-020-01562-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, very-low-energy diets (VLEDs) have been recognised as a viable strategy for improving the extent of weight loss and cardio-metabolic outcomes in people who are either overweight or obese. However, concerns exist regarding the reductions in lean body mass (LBM) during VLEDs, particularly in vulnerable demographic groups, such as middle-aged and older adults already prone to developing sarcopenia. Sarcopenia is itself associated with multiple adverse outcomes, including frailty, cardio-metabolic deterioration and increased mortality. Therefore, a number of studies investigating strategies to ameliorate this detrimental effect of VLEDs have attempted to address this concern. This narrative review explores the potential benefits and limitations of exercise and/or protein supplementation for LBM retention during VLEDs based on the available evidence. Current studies suggest that both protein supplementation and exercise training may result in improved LBM retention (and skeletal muscle function) during VLEDs. However, uncertainty remains concerning the interactions between intervention types, based on discordant outcomes reported in the literature and the heterogeneity of exercise modalities in achieving this particular outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Ardavani
- Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology Research Group, MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Hariz Aziz
- Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology Research Group, MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ken Smith
- Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology Research Group, MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Philip J Atherton
- Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology Research Group, MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Bethan E Phillips
- Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology Research Group, MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Iskandar Idris
- Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology Research Group, MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby, UK.
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK.
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Lu Y, Wang YJ, Lu Q. The effect of oral nutritional supplement on muscle fitness of patients undergoing dialysis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Adv Nurs 2020; 77:1716-1730. [PMID: 33270269 DOI: 10.1111/jan.14684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM To summarize evidence regarding the effects of oral nutritional supplement on muscle fitness of patients undergoing dialysis. DESIGN A systematic review and meta-analysis. REVIEW SOURCES Five English databases (CENTRAL, PubMed, EMBASE, CINHAL, and Web of Science) and four Chinese databases (CNKI, WanFang, SinoMed, and VIP) were searched from inception to 31 July 2019 and only randomized controlled trials were included. REVIEW METHODS Two reviewers independently searched these databases, selected trials, conducted bias assessment, extracted the data. Random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to assess the effect size. The predetermined subgroup included type of oral nutritional supplement (a mixture of macronutrients, whey protein, essential amino-acids, and other nutrients) and intervention duration (over and less than 48 weeks). The subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were conducted to explore source of heterogeneity and robustness of results. RESULTS Sixteen studies (910 participants) meeting the inclusion criteria were identified and included in this systematic review. Subgroup analysis showed that supplying a mixture of macronutrients (MD [MD] = 2.36 kg, 95% CI [0.45, 4.26], I2 = 0.00%), an intervention duration of 48 weeks (MD = 4.05 kg, 95% CI [1.43, 6.67], I2 = 0.00%) had some effects on increasing lean body mass. No effects of oral nutritional supplement were found on improving muscle strength or physical performance. CONCLUSION A mixture of macronutrients and an intervention duration as long as 48 weeks had some significant effects on improving lean body mass of patients undergoing dialysis. No effect of oral nutritional supplement on muscle strength or physical performance were found but with limited evidence. IMPACT No existing reviews have ever focused on improving muscle fitness of patients undergoing dialysis. This systematic review and meta-analysis provided evidence of oral nutritional supplement on keeping muscle fitness of these patients and suggested possible type of oral nutritional supplement and intervention duration for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Lu
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Jie Wang
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Lu
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Amirani E, Milajerdi A, Reiner Ž, Mirzaei H, Mansournia MA, Asemi Z. Effects of whey protein on glycemic control and serum lipoproteins in patients with metabolic syndrome and related conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:209. [PMID: 32958070 PMCID: PMC7504833 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01384-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the effects of whey protein on serum lipoproteins and glycemic status in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and related disorders. Methods Online databases, such as Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PubMed and Scopus were systematically searched by two independent authors from inception until 30th April 2020 for English randomized clinical trials investigating the efficacy of whey protein administration in subjects with Mets or related conditions on the parameters of glycemic and lipid control compared to certain control. In order to evaluate the included studies’ methodological quality, Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool was applied. Using Cochrane’s Q test and I-square (I2) statistic, the included trials’ heterogeneity was also examined. Using a random-effects model, data were pooled, and weighted mean difference (WMD) was considered as the overall effect size. Results Twenty-two studies were selected to be included in this meta-analysis. Consumption of whey protein resulted in significant reduction of HbA1c (WMD: -0.15; 95% CI: − 0.29, − 0.01) insulin (WMD: -0.94; 95% CI: − 1.68, − 0.21) and homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (WMD: -0.20; 95% CI: − 0.36, − 0.05). A significant reduction in triglycerides levels (WMD: -17.12; 95% CI: − 26.52, − 7.72), total cholesterol (WMD: -10.88; 95% CI -18.60, − 3.17), LDL-cholesterol levels (WMD: -8.47 95% CI: − 16.59, − 0.36) and total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio (WMD: -0.26; 95% CI: − 0.41, − 0.10) was found as well. Conclusions This meta-analysis suggests that supplementation with whey protein had beneficial effect on several indicators of glycemic control and lipid parameters in patients with MetS and related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Amirani
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Alireza Milajerdi
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Željko Reiner
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Mansournia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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Abstract
Dietary proteins have been used for years to treat obesity. Body weight loss is beneficial when it concerns fat mass, but loss of fat free mass - especially muscle might be detrimental. This occurs because protein breakdown predominates over synthesis, thus administering anabolic dietary compounds like proteins might counter fat free mass loss while allowing for fat mass loss.Indeed, varying the quantity of proteins will decrease muscle anabolic response and increase hyperphagia in rodents fed a low protein diet; but it will favor lean mass maintenance and promote satiety, in certain age groups of humans fed a high protein diet. Beyond protein quantity, protein source is an important metabolic regulator: whey protein and plant based diets exercize favorable effects on the risk of developing obesity, body composition, metabolic parameters or fat free mass preservation of obese patients. Specific amino-acids like branched chain amino acids (BCAA), methionine, tryptophan and its metabolites, and glutamate can also positively influence parameters and complications of obesity especially in rodent models, with less studies translating this in humans.Tuning the quality and quantity of proteins or even specific amino-acids can thus be seen as a potential therapeutic intervention on the body composition, metabolic syndrome parameters and appetite regulation of obese patients. Since these effects vary across age groups and much of the data comes from murine models, long-term prospective studies modulating proteins and amino acids in the human diet are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Simonson
- UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service de Nutrition Clinique, CRNH Auvergne, INRA, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yves Boirie
- UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service de Nutrition Clinique, CRNH Auvergne, INRA, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Christelle Guillet
- UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service de Nutrition Clinique, CRNH Auvergne, INRA, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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18
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Badely M, Sepandi M, Samadi M, Parastouei K, Taghdir M. The effect of whey protein on the components of metabolic syndrome in overweight and obese individuals; a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:3121-3131. [PMID: 31790966 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk of developing chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, and stroke is increased following an outbreak of metabolic syndrome. Whey protein can play a major role in preventing metabolic syndrome. OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to systematically evaluate the effect of whey protein on the components of metabolic syndrome in overweight and obesity patients. METHODS This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted on RCTs (PROSPERO registration number: CDR42019114794). Published articles of controlled trials between 1 January 2000 to 30 May 2019 indexed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library were reviewed. Keywords were Whey Protein, Metabolic Syndrome, HDL Lipoprotein, Blood Pressure, Triglyceride, Fasting Blood Glucose, Waist Circumference, Overweight and Obesity or a combination of them in the title/abstracts. The mean difference was extracted for each study. All analyses performed using STATA version 11. RESULTS There were 2344 individuals reviewed in this systematic review of 37 published articles. CONCLUSION According to the results, whey supplementation significantly reduced the SBP, DBP, HDL, waist circumference, TG and FBS in intervention groups in comparing to control groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Badely
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Sepandi
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Samadi
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Karim Parastouei
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Taghdir
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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A Castro LH, S de Araújo FH, M Olimpio MY, B de B Primo R, T Pereira T, F Lopes LA, B S de M Trindade E, Fernandes R, A Oesterreich S. Comparative Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Concentrated, Hydrolyzed, and Isolated Whey Protein Supplementation on Body Composition of Physical Activity Practitioners. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092047. [PMID: 31480653 PMCID: PMC6769754 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Whey protein (WP) is a dairy food supplement and, due to its effects on fat-free mass (FFM) gain and fat mass (FM) loss, it has been widely consumed by resistance training practitioners. This review analyzed the impact of WP supplementation in its concentrated (WPC), hydrolyzed (WPH) and isolated (WPI) forms, comparing it exclusively to isocaloric placebos. Random effect meta-analyses were performed from the final and initial body composition values of 246 healthy athletes undergoing 64.5 ± 15.3 days of training in eight randomized clinical trials (RCT) collected systematically from five scientific databases. The weighted mean difference (WMD) was statistically significant for FM loss (WMD = −0.96, 95% CI = −1.37, −0.55, p < 0.001) and, in the analysis of subgroups, this effect was maintained for the WPC (WMD = −0.63, 95% CI = −1.19, −0.06, p = 0.030), with protein content between 51% and 80% (WMD = −1.53; 95% CI = −2.13, −0.93, p < 0.001), and only for regular physical activity practitioners (WMD = −0.95; 95% CI = −1.70, −0.19, p = 0.014). There was no significant effect on FFM in any of the scenarios investigated (p > 0.05). Due to several and important limitations, more detailed analyses are required regarding FFM gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Henrique A Castro
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences-Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados 79804-970, Brazil.
| | - Flávio Henrique S de Araújo
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences-Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados 79804-970, Brazil
| | - Mi Ye M Olimpio
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences-Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados 79804-970, Brazil
| | - Raquel B de B Primo
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences-Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados 79804-970, Brazil
| | - Thiago T Pereira
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences-Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados 79804-970, Brazil
| | - Luiz Augusto F Lopes
- Faculty of Health Sciences-Federal University of Grande Dourados/Universitary Hospital of Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados 79823-501, Brazil
| | - Erasmo B S de M Trindade
- Graduate Program in Nutrition-Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Santa Catarina 88040-970, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Fernandes
- Graduate Program in Food, Nutrition and Health-Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados 79804-970, Brazil
| | - Silvia A Oesterreich
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences-Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados 79804-970, Brazil
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