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Nisticò SP, Greco ME, Amato S, Bennardo L, Zappia E, Pignataro E, Pellacani G. Evaluating the Impact of Oleocanthal and Oleacein on Skin Aging: Results of a Randomized Clinical Study. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:947. [PMID: 38929564 PMCID: PMC11205346 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60060947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of skin aging and the request for effective treatments have driven dermatological research towards natural solutions. This study investigates the anti-aging efficacy of two bioactive natural polyphenols, Oleocanthal and Oleacein, in a skincare formulation. A single-blind, randomized clinical trial involved 70 participants, using a comprehensive exclusion criterion to ensure participant safety and study integrity. Participants applied the Oleocanthal and Oleacein 1% serum formulation twice daily for 30 days. The efficacy was objectively assessed using the VISIA® Skin Analysis System at baseline, after 15 days, and after 30 days. Results indicated significant wrinkle reduction in most groups. For women aged 45-79 years, the mean change was -33.91% (95% CI: -46.75% to -21.07%). For men aged 20-44 years, it was -51.93% (95% CI: -76.54% to -27.33%), and for men aged 45-79 years, it was -46.56% (95% CI: -58.32% to -34.81%). For women aged 20-44 years, the change was -25.68% (95% CI: -63.91% to 12.54%), not statistically significant. These findings highlight the potential of EVOO-derived polyphenols in anti-aging skincare, particularly for older adults. This research paves the way for further exploration into natural compounds in dermatology, particularly for aging skin management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven P. Nisticò
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Clinical Internal Anesthesiologic Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy (M.E.G.)
| | - M. E. Greco
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Clinical Internal Anesthesiologic Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy (M.E.G.)
| | - S. Amato
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Clinical Internal Anesthesiologic Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy (M.E.G.)
| | - L. Bennardo
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Grecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - E. Zappia
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Grecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - E. Pignataro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - G. Pellacani
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Clinical Internal Anesthesiologic Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy (M.E.G.)
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Marrone G, Cornali K, Di Lauro M, Ceravolo MJ, Di Marco L, Manca di Villahermosa S, Mitterhofer AP, Noce A. Innovative Treatments to Counteract Endothelial Dysfunction in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1085. [PMID: 38791047 PMCID: PMC11117580 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, several risk factors contribute to the development of endothelial dysfunction (ED), which can be described as an alteration in the cell structure or in the function of the endothelium. Among the well-known CKD-related risk factors capable of altering the production of endothelium-derived relaxing factors, we include asymmetric dimethylarginine increase, reduced dimethylarginine dimethylamine hydrolase enzyme activity, low-grade chronic systemic inflammation, hyperhomocysteinemia, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, alteration of calcium phosphorus metabolism, and early aging. In this review, we also examined the most important techniques useful for studying ED in humans, which are divided into indirect and direct methods. The direct study of coronary endothelial function is considered the gold standard technique to evaluate if ED is present. In addition to the discussion of the main pharmacological treatments useful to counteract ED in CKD patients (namely sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist), we elucidate innovative non-pharmacological treatments that are successful in accompanying the pharmacological ones. Among them, the most important are the consumption of extra virgin olive oil with high intake of minor polar compounds, adherence to a plant-dominant, low-protein diet (LPD), an adaptive physical activity program and, finally, ketoanalogue administration in combination with the LPD or the very low-protein diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Marrone
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy (K.C.); (L.D.M.); (S.M.d.V.); (A.P.M.)
| | - Kevin Cornali
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy (K.C.); (L.D.M.); (S.M.d.V.); (A.P.M.)
| | - Manuela Di Lauro
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy (K.C.); (L.D.M.); (S.M.d.V.); (A.P.M.)
| | - Maria Josè Ceravolo
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University Hospital of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Di Marco
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy (K.C.); (L.D.M.); (S.M.d.V.); (A.P.M.)
| | - Simone Manca di Villahermosa
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy (K.C.); (L.D.M.); (S.M.d.V.); (A.P.M.)
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University Hospital of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Paola Mitterhofer
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy (K.C.); (L.D.M.); (S.M.d.V.); (A.P.M.)
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University Hospital of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Noce
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy (K.C.); (L.D.M.); (S.M.d.V.); (A.P.M.)
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University Hospital of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Cailleaux PE, Déchelotte P, Coëffier M. Novel dietary strategies to manage sarcopenia. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2024; 27:234-243. [PMID: 38391396 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000001023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Sarcopenia is a wasting disease, mostly age-related in which muscle strength and mass decline, such as physical performance. With aging, both lower dietary protein intake and anabolic resistance lead to sarcopenia. Moreover, aging and sarcopenia display low-grade inflammation, which also worsen muscle condition. In this review, we focused on these two main targets to study dietary strategies. RECENT FINDINGS The better understanding in mechanisms involved in sarcopenia helps building combined dietary approaches including physical activity that would slow the disease progression. New approaches include better understanding in the choice of quality proteins, their amount and schedule and the association with antioxidative nutrients. SUMMARY First, anabolic resistance can be countered by increasing significantly protein intake. If increasing amount remains insufficient, the evenly delivery protein schedule provides interesting results on muscle strength. Quality of protein is also to consider for decreasing risk for sarcopenia, because varying sources of proteins appears relevant with increasing plant-based proteins ratio. Although new techniques have been developed, as plant-based proteins display a lower availability, we need to ensure an adapted overall amount of proteins. Finally, specific enrichment with leucine from whey protein remains the dietary combined approach most studied and studies on citrulline provide interesting results. As cofactor at the edge between anabolic and antioxidative properties, vitamin D supplementation is to recommend. Antioxidative dietary strategies include both fibers, vitamins, micronutrients and polyphenols from various sources for positive effects on physical performance. The ω 3 -polyunsaturated fatty acids also display positive modifications on body composition. Gut microbiota modifiers, such as prebiotics, are promising pathways to improve muscle mass and function and body composition in sarcopenic patients. Nutritional interventions could be enhanced by combination with physical activity on sarcopenia. In healthy older adults, promoting change in lifestyle to get near a Mediterranean diet could be one of the best options. In sarcopenia adults in which lifestyle changes appears unprobable, specific enrichement potentialized with physical activity will help in the struggle against sarcopenia. Longitudinal data are lacking, which makes it hard to draw strong conclusions. However, the effects of a physical activity combined with a set of nutrition interventions on sarcopenia seems promising.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pierre Déchelotte
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm, ADEN UMR 1073, Nutrition, Inflammation and Microbiota Gut Brain Axis, CHU Rouen
| | - Moïse Coëffier
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm, ADEN UMR 1073, Nutrition, inflammation and Microbiota Gut Brain Axis, CHU Rouen, Department of Nutrition and CIC-CRB 1404, Rouen, France
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Tsiafoulis CG, Liaggou C, Garoufis A, Magiatis P, Roussis IG. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of extra virgin olive oil: classification through secoiridoids. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:1992-2005. [PMID: 38018400 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), a natural product with a multidisciplinary role, has been and is continuing to be studied from several points of view. Among them, its chemical analysis is of major importance and several methods have been used. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has inherent advantages, among them monitoring the chemical constituents without the need for a separation technique and without, for instance, possible carry-over effects. Additionally, several magnetic resonance spectroscopic techniques can provide a novel powered insight into the nature and properties of a sample under study. Moreover, -omics procedure can reveal new information and can lead to the classification of populations under study. The main objective of the present work was the possible classification of the EVOO samples based on their aldehyde content using a proposed unreferenced 1 H-NMR spectroscopic quantification method combined with a metabolomic approach. Moreover, the study of the impact of such elevated aldehyde content on several spectra regions of importance in the proton NMR spectra led to the proposal of a possible new isomer indicator. RESULTS Univariate analysis of 12 EVOO samples showed that oleacein, oleocanthal, elenolic acid, hydroxytyrosol/hydroxytyrosol derivatives and tyrosol/tyrosol derivatives strongly differentiated two classes of EVOO: OEH (for high aldehyde EVOO content) and OE (for non-high aldehyde content). Moreover, we pointed out the 'impact' of such elevated secoiridoid and derivatives content, through their moieties' units, on a range of several resonances of the 1 H-NMR spectrum. The metabolomic approach demonstrated the classification of EVOO samples based on their secoiridoid and derivatives content. Multivariate analysis showed a strong influence on the discrimination of the EVOO classes based on the protons resonating at the aldehyde region of the 1 H-NMR spectrum; the aldehyde protons corresponding to 5S,4R-ligstrodial and 5S,4R-oleuropeindial, oleacein, oleocanthal, elenolic acid, p-HPEA-EA, 3,4-DHPEA-EA, 5S,4R- and 5S,4S-ligstrodial and the proton corresponding to a new compound were reported for the first time. This isomer compound, reported for the first time, could serve as a possible indicator for EVOO classification. CONCLUSIONS An unreferenced quantification method was proposed and EVOO samples were classified into two classes: OEH and OE, according to their aldehyde content, gaining thus probably higher nutrient and possible pharmacological value. Moreover, we point out the 'impact' of such elevated aldehyde content on several spectral regions of the 1 H spectrum. Finally, a new compound was detected in the OEH samples and is reported for the first time. This compound could possibly be an indicator. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantinos G Tsiafoulis
- NMR Centre, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
- School of Science & Technology, Hellenic Open University, Patras, Greece
| | - Christina Liaggou
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Achilleas Garoufis
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Prokopios Magiatis
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis G Roussis
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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Aliberti SM, Donato A, Funk RHW, Capunzo M. A Narrative Review Exploring the Similarities between Cilento and the Already Defined "Blue Zones" in Terms of Environment, Nutrition, and Lifestyle: Can Cilento Be Considered an Undefined "Blue Zone"? Nutrients 2024; 16:729. [PMID: 38474857 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Longevity is rightly considered one of the greatest achievements of modern society, not only as a function of lifespan, but, more importantly, as a function of healthspan. There are Longevity Blue Zones (LBZs), regions around the world, such as in Okinawa, Japan; the Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica; Loma Linda, California; Icaria, Greece; and Ogliastra, Sardinia, that are characterized by a significant percentage of residents who live exceptionally long lives, often avoiding age-related disability to a significantly higher degree than in the Western way of life. Longevity is not a universal phenomenon, so if there are places in the world with characteristics similar to the LBZs, it is important to identify them in order to better understand what other factors, in addition to the known ones, might contribute to a long and healthy life. This narrative review aims to identify common factors between Cilento and the five LBZs, taking into account environmental, nutritional, and lifestyle factors. Articles from 2004 to the present, limited to studies published in English, German, and Italian, were searched in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The co-authors agreed on 18 final reference texts. In order to evaluate the similarities between Cilento and the LBZs, a descriptive comparative approach was used. Cilento and the LBZs share several common factors, including a hilly altitude ranging from 355 to 600 m; a mild climate throughout the year, with temperatures between 17.4 and 23.5 degrees Celsius; traditional professions, such as agriculture and animal husbandry; and a predominantly Mediterranean or plant-based diet, with typical recipes based on legumes, tubers, vegetables, and extra virgin olive oil. Additionally, maintenance of strong intergenerational family relationships, religious devotion, and social relationships within the community are also prevalent. Given the similarities to Cilento, one might wonder if this is an LBZ waiting to be discovered. The lessons learned from this discovery could be applied to the general population to protect them from non-communicable chronic diseases and help slow the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Mirella Aliberti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy
| | - Antonio Donato
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy
| | - Richard H W Funk
- Institute of Anatomy, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Dresden International University (DIU), 01067 Dresden, Germany
| | - Mario Capunzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy
- Complex Operational Unit Health Hygiene, University Hospital "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona", 84131 Salerno, Italy
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De Matteis C, Crudele L, Gadaleta RM, Di Buduo E, Novielli F, Petruzzelli S, Cariello M, Moschetta A. Low Adherence to Mediterranean Diet Characterizes Metabolic Patients with Gastrointestinal Cancer. Nutrients 2024; 16:630. [PMID: 38474758 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background. Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are one of the most relevant causes of death globally, frequently associated with poor dietary patterns. The Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) contributes to cancer prevention. To assess adherence to MedDiet, our research group validated a new score, the Chrono Med Diet Score (CMDS), that captures increased visceral adiposity. Methods. We enrolled 401 subjects who underwent an evaluation for metabolic diseases and specific screening procedures according to current guidelines and were asked to answer CMDS. A total of 71 new cancer cases were recorded, including 40 GI and 31 non-gastrointestinal (NON-GI) cancers. Results. We found that CMDS was reduced in subjects who were diagnosed with cancers. Patients who reported a CMDS score of 12 or less had an over three times increased risk of being diagnosed with GI cancers and presented increased waist circumference and triglycerides and reduced HDL cholesterol compared to adherent subjects. Conclusions. Low CMDS values capture the risk for cancer diagnosis, especially for GI cancers. Thus, CMDS, along with waist circumference, can be considered as a bona fide marker for increased risk of cancer, requiring anticipated screening procedures for the detection of premalignant and early stage GI cancers in patients with low adherence to MedDiet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo De Matteis
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Lucilla Crudele
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Ersilia Di Buduo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Fabio Novielli
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Stefano Petruzzelli
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Marica Cariello
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Moschetta
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
- INBB National Institute for Biostructure and Biosystems, Viale delle Medaglie d'Oro 305, 00136 Rome, Italy
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Salvesi C, Coman MM, Tomás-Barberán FA, Fiorini D, Silvi S. In vitro study of potential prebiotic properties of monovarietal extra virgin olive oils. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2024; 75:45-57. [PMID: 37845639 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2023.2270639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Olive oil, essential ingredient of the Mediterranean diet, is attracting a growing interest due to increasing evidence on its beneficial effects on human health. This study investigated whether extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) possess prebiotic properties. Twenty different monovarietal EVOO samples from 5 Marche region cultivars (Italy) were studied. The prebiotic activity of EVOOs was assessed monitoring the selective stimulation of gut bacterial species and the short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production, using an in vitro fermentation system. All EVOOs selectively stimulated Lactobacillus spp., with a stronger activity than that observed in the inulin fermentation (positive control). Also, the bifidobacteria population increased; this bifidogenic stimulation was of EVOOs from Raggia cultivar. SCFAs appeared significantly higher after 24 h in all EVOO fermentations than in the control. Acetic and propionic acids production was particularly stimulated. Overall, most of the investigated EVOOs had a potential prebiotic activity, similar or stronger than inulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Salvesi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, Camerino, Italy
| | | | | | - Dennis Fiorini
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, ChIP - Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Stefania Silvi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, Camerino, Italy
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Isaakidis A, Maghariki JE, Carvalho-Barros S, Gomes AM, Correia M. Is There More to Olive Oil than Healthy Lipids? Nutrients 2023; 15:3625. [PMID: 37630815 PMCID: PMC10459315 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet is a healthy dietary pattern whose main characteristic is olive oil consumption. The potential health benefits of olive oil have been extensively investigated and the present review provides the more recent clinical evidence supporting the positive impact of olive oil intake on human health. PubMed (n = 227) and Scopus (n = 308) databases were searched for published clinical studies in English over the past six years (October 2016 to December 2022), following key word searches of "olive oil" and "health". Major findings associated olive oil with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, improvement in endothelial function and lipid profile, prevention of obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, and modulation of the gut microbiota. These benefits are attributed to the nutritional composition of olive oil, which has a high content of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) (oleic acid in particular) and minor compounds such as polyphenols (oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol). Although additional research continues to be required, the more recently generated evidence supports the potential of olive oil to contribute beneficially to health and to the prevention and management of a variety of non-communicable diseases, as a consequence of the synergism between its components' complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akritas Isaakidis
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina (CBQF)-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal (J.E.M.); (M.C.)
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University of Thessaloniki, Sindos, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Jane El Maghariki
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina (CBQF)-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal (J.E.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Sérgio Carvalho-Barros
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina (CBQF)-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal (J.E.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Ana Maria Gomes
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina (CBQF)-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal (J.E.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Marta Correia
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina (CBQF)-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal (J.E.M.); (M.C.)
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Gomez Ribot D, Diaz E, Fazio MV, Gómez HL, Careaga V, Maier M, Macchi SB, Gresta CA, Capobianco E, Jawerbaum A. Metabolic and molecular effects of dietary extra virgin olive oil in blood and placenta of women with GDM. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1219276. [PMID: 37654560 PMCID: PMC10465367 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1219276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increases the risks of maternal, placental, and neonatal complications. Previously, we found that a diet enriched in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) prevents increased maternal triglyceridemia and placental proinflammatory markers in a cohort of GDM patients. The aim of this work was to evaluate maternal circulating markers of insulin resistance, placental collagen, glycogen and lipid levels, and placental levels of proteins, mRNAs, and a microRNA involved in the endocytic pathway in the same cohort of control women and women with GDM who received or did not receive a diet enriched in EVOO (36 g/day) from weeks 24 to 28 of pregnancy until term. Results At term, the TG/HDL cholesterol ratio, fatty acid binding protein 4 circulating levels, and maternal BMI were increased in the GDM patients, alterations prevented by the maternal diet enriched in EVOO. Although there were no changes in placental lipid levels and lipid profile, GDM placentas were thicker than controls and showed increased glycogen and collagen content, alterations prevented by the EVOO enriched diet. GDM placentas showed increases in megalin levels, in the expression of several genes involved in the endocytic pathway, and in miR-199, which targets these genes, alterations prevented by the maternal diet enriched in EVOO. Conclusions We identified novel beneficial effects of an EVOO-enriched diet in GDM women, a diet capable of regulating maternal insulin resistance, the structure and metabolism of the placenta, and the placental endocytic pathway, suggesting effects that may be beneficial for fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalmiro Gomez Ribot
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) – Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Obstetrics, Hospital General de Agudos Dr. Ignacio Pirovano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Esteban Diaz
- Department of Obstetrics, Hospital General de Agudos Dr. Ignacio Pirovano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Victoria Fazio
- Department of Obstetrics, Hospital General de Agudos Dr. Ignacio Pirovano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hebe Lorena Gómez
- Department of Obstetrics, Hospital General de Agudos Dr. Ignacio Pirovano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria Careaga
- Unidad de Microanálisis y Métodos Físicos Aplicados a Química Orgánica (UMYMFOR) [Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA)], Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marta Maier
- Unidad de Microanálisis y Métodos Físicos Aplicados a Química Orgánica (UMYMFOR) [Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA)], Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia Beatriz Macchi
- Department of Obstetrics, Hospital General de Agudos Dr. Ignacio Pirovano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Alberto Gresta
- Department of Obstetrics, Hospital General de Agudos Dr. Ignacio Pirovano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Evangelina Capobianco
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) – Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia Jawerbaum
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) – Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Fazio E, Bionda A, Chiofalo V, La Fauci D, Randazzo C, Pino A, Crepaldi P, Attard G, Liotta L, Lopreiato V. Effects of Dietary Enrichment with Olive Cake on the Thyroid and Adrenocortical Responses in Growing Beef Calves. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2120. [PMID: 37443918 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Agro-industrial by-products incorporated into livestock feed formulations can positively impact feed costs and promote a circular bio-economy. Italy produces significant amounts of olive cake (OC), a by-product of olive oil extraction, with the potential for incorporation into bovine diets. However, information on its effects on endocrine responses in growing beef calves is lacking. Forty-eight Limousines randomly allocated to dietary treatment (control or 10%-OC or 15%-OC inclusion) were segregated according to sex and body weight. Serum concentrations of TSH, thyroid hormones, and cortisol were measured on day 0, day 56, and at the end of the trial on day 147. Circulating TSH, total (T3, T4) and free (fT3, fT4) iodothyronines, and cortisol concentrations were all within the normal physiological ranges, with no significant effect imparted by diet. However, the diet × time interaction was significant for T3. The cortisol, T3, T4, and fT4 registered on day 147 were higher than those of day 56, and cortisol was higher in heifers than bulls. Final body weight was positively correlated with TSH and T3 and negatively with cortisol concentration. These findings suggest that the inclusion of OC at levels up to 15% in growing/finishing beef diets had no adverse effects on the calves' thyroid and cortical status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esterina Fazio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci 13, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Arianna Bionda
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali-Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, University of Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Chiofalo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci 13, 98168 Messina, Italy
- Consortium of Research for Meat Chain and Agrifood (CoRFilCarni), Viale Palatucci 13, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Deborah La Fauci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci 13, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Cinzia Randazzo
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, S. Sofia Street 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pino
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, S. Sofia Street 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
- ProBioEtna SRL, Spin-Off of University of Catania, S. Sofia Street 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Paola Crepaldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali-Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, University of Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - George Attard
- Department of Rural Sciences and Food Systems, University of Malta, 2080 Msida, Malta
| | - Luigi Liotta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci 13, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Lopreiato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci 13, 98168 Messina, Italy
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Rajado AT, Silva N, Esteves F, Brito D, Binnie A, Araújo IM, Nóbrega C, Bragança J, Castelo-Branco P. How can we modulate aging through nutrition and physical exercise? An epigenetic approach. Aging (Albany NY) 2023. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.18632/aging.204668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Teresa Rajado
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Nádia Silva
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Filipa Esteves
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - David Brito
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Binnie
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Department of Critical Care, William Osler Health System, Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada
| | - Inês M. Araújo
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Champalimaud Research Program, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Clévio Nóbrega
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Champalimaud Research Program, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José Bragança
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Champalimaud Research Program, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Castelo-Branco
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Champalimaud Research Program, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
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12
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Rajado AT, Silva N, Esteves F, Brito D, Binnie A, Araújo IM, Nóbrega C, Bragança J, Castelo-Branco P. How can we modulate aging through nutrition and physical exercise? An epigenetic approach. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:3191-3217. [PMID: 37086262 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
The World Health Organization predicts that by 2050, 2.1 billion people worldwide will be over 60 years old, a drastic increase from only 1 billion in 2019. Considering these numbers, strategies to ensure an extended "healthspan" or healthy longevity are urgently needed. The present study approaches the promotion of healthspan from an epigenetic perspective. Epigenetic phenomena are modifiable in response to an individual's environmental exposures, and therefore link an individual's environment to their gene expression pattern. Epigenetic studies demonstrate that aging is associated with decondensation of the chromatin, leading to an altered heterochromatin structure, which promotes the accumulation of errors. In this review, we describe how aging impacts epigenetics and how nutrition and physical exercise can positively impact the aging process, from an epigenetic point of view. Canonical histones are replaced by histone variants, concomitant with an increase in histone post-translational modifications. A slight increase in DNA methylation at promoters has been observed, which represses transcription of previously active genes, in parallel with global genome hypomethylation. Aging is also associated with deregulation of gene expression - usually provided by non-coding RNAs - leading to both the repression of previously transcribed genes and to the transcription of previously repressed genes. Age-associated epigenetic events are less common in individuals with a healthy lifestyle, including balanced nutrition, caloric restriction and physical exercise. Healthy aging is associated with more tightly condensed chromatin, fewer PTMs and greater regulation by ncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Teresa Rajado
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Nádia Silva
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Filipa Esteves
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - David Brito
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Binnie
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Department of Critical Care, William Osler Health System, Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada
| | - Inês M Araújo
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Champalimaud Research Program, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Clévio Nóbrega
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Champalimaud Research Program, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José Bragança
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Champalimaud Research Program, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Castelo-Branco
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Champalimaud Research Program, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
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13
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Marx ÍMG. Co-Extraction Technique Improves Functional Capacity and Health-Related Benefits of Olive Oils: A Mini Review. Foods 2023; 12:foods12081667. [PMID: 37107462 PMCID: PMC10137819 DOI: 10.3390/foods12081667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Olive oil, a fundamental component of the Mediterranean diet, is recognized as a functional food due to its health-promoting composition. The concentration of phenolic compounds in olive oil is influenced by various factors such as genetics, agro-climatic conditions, and technological processes. Therefore, to ensure an ideal intake of phenolics through the diet, it is recommended to produce functional enriched olive oil that contains a high concentration of bioactive compounds. The co-extraction technique is used to create innovative and differentiated products that promote the sensory and health-related composition of oils. To enrich olive oil, various natural sources of bioactive compounds can be used, including raw materials derived from the same olive tree such as olive leaves, as well as other compounds from plants and vegetables, such as herbs and spices (garlic, lemon, hot pepper, rosemary, thyme, and oregano). The development of functional enriched olive oils can contribute to the prevention of chronic diseases and improve consumers' quality of life. This mini-review compiles and discusses relevant scientific information related to the development of enriched olive oil using the co-extraction technique and its positive effects on the health-related composition of oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ítala M G Marx
- Mountain Research Center (CIMO), Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Sustainability and Technology in Mountain Regions (SusTEC), Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
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14
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Liamin M, Lara MP, Michelet O, Rouault M, Quintela JC, Le Bloch J. Olive juice dry extract containing hydroxytyrosol, as a nontoxic and safe substance: Results from pre-clinical studies and review of toxicological studies. Toxicol Rep 2023; 10:245-260. [PMID: 36852231 PMCID: PMC9958074 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Products derived from olives, such as the raw fruit and oils, are widely consumed due to their taste, and purported nutritional/health benefits. Phenolic compounds, especially hydroxytyrosol (HT), have been proposed as one of the key substances involved in these effects. An olive juice extract, standardized to contain 20% HT ("OE20HT"), was produced to investigate its health benefits. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the genotoxic safety of this ingredient based on in vitro Ames assay and in vitro micronucleus assay. Results indicated that OE20HT was not mutagenic at concentrations of up to 5000 µg/plate, with or without metabolic activation, and was neither aneugenic nor clastogenic after 3-hour exposure at concentrations of up to 60 µg/mL with or without metabolic activation, or after 24-hour exposure at concentrations of up to 40 µg/mL. To further substantiate the safety of OE20HT following ingestion without conducting additional animal studies, a comprehensive literature review was conducted. No safety concerns were identified based on acute or sub-chronic studies in animals, including reproductive and developmental studies. These results were supported by clinical studies demonstrating the absence of adverse effects after oral supplementation with olive extracts or HT. Based on in vitro data and the literature review, the OE20HT extract is therefore considered as safe for human consumption at doses up to 2.5 mg/kg body weight/day.
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Key Words
- 2AA, 2-aminoanthracene
- 9AA, 9-aminoacridine
- CBI, Centre for the Promotion of Imports from developing countries
- CP, cyclophosphamide monohydrate
- EFSA, European Food Safety Authority
- Food product
- Genotoxicity
- HT, hydroxytyrosol
- Hydroxytyrosol
- MF, mutation factor
- MMC, mitomycin C
- MMS, methyl-methanesulfonate
- Mutagenicity
- NDP, 4-nitro-1,2-phenylene-diamine
- NOAEL, no observed adverse effect level
- OE20HT, olive juice dry extract titrated 20% hydroxytyrosol
- OECD, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development
- Olive fruit extract
- PD, population doubling
- RICC, relative increase in cell count
- RPD, relative population doubling
- SAZ, sodium azide
- Safety
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Liamin
- Nutraveris, A Food Chain ID Company, 6 rue de la gare, 22000 Saint-Brieuc, France,Corresponding author.
| | - Maria Pilar Lara
- NATAC Biotech S.L., C/ Electrónica 7, 28923 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Olivier Michelet
- Nutraveris, A Food Chain ID Company, 6 rue de la gare, 22000 Saint-Brieuc, France
| | - Marie Rouault
- Nutraveris, A Food Chain ID Company, 6 rue de la gare, 22000 Saint-Brieuc, France
| | | | - Jérôme Le Bloch
- Nutraveris, A Food Chain ID Company, 6 rue de la gare, 22000 Saint-Brieuc, France
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15
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Del Saz-Lara A, Boughanem H, López de Las Hazas MC, Crespo C, Saz-Lara A, Visioli F, Macias-González M, Dávalos A. Hydroxytyrosol decreases EDNRA expression through epigenetic modification in colorectal cancer cells. Pharmacol Res 2023; 187:106612. [PMID: 36528246 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet (MD) is one of the healthiest ones and is associated with a lower incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases as well as cancer. Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is probably the most idiosyncratic component of this diet. EVOO has been attributed with many healthful effects, which may be due to its phenolic components, e.g. including hydroxytyrosol (HT). Recent studies suggest that EVOO and HT have molecular targets in human tissues and modulate epigenetic mechanisms. DNA methylation is one of the most studied epigenetic mechanisms and consists of the addition of a methyl group to the cytosines of the DNA chain. Given the purported health effects of EVOO (poly)phenols, we analyzed the changes induced by HT in DNA methylation, in a colorectal cancer cell line. Caco-2 cells were treated with HT for one week or with the demethylating agent 5'-azacytidine for 48 h. Global DNA methylation was assessed by ELISA. DNA bisulfitation was performed and Infinium Methylation EPIC BeadChips were used to analyze the specific methylation of CpG sites. We show an increase in global DNA methylation in Caco-2 cells after HT treatment, with a total of 32,141 differentially methylated (CpGs DMCpGs). Interestingly, our analyses revealed the endothelin receptor type A gene (EDNRA) as a possible molecular target of HT. In summary, we demonstrate that cellular supplementation with HT results in a specific methylome map and propose a potential gene target for HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Del Saz-Lara
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Hatim Boughanem
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Carmen López de Las Hazas
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Crespo
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Saz-Lara
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16171 Cuenca, Spain
| | - Francesco Visioli
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Manuel Macias-González
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alberto Dávalos
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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Preferences for dietary oils and fats in cooking and food preparation methods: a cross-sectional analysis of Australian adults. Br J Nutr 2022:1-11. [PMID: 36458481 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522003798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Dietary oils and fats contain different fatty acid compositions that are associated with cardiometabolic disease risk. Despite their influence on disease outcomes, the types of dietary oils and fats predominately used in Australian households remain unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of dietary oils and fats in cooking and food preparation in Australia. Adults living in Australia completed a cross-sectional online survey outlining their current household oil and fat use from July to December 2021. The survey was disseminated via social media platforms and included questions about the types of dietary oils and fats used for different cooking methods and the perceived motivators for choosing the main household oil. A total of 1248 participants responded to the survey. Participants were mostly female (91·6 %) aged between 25 and 44 years (56·7 %). The majority of participants (84·5 %) reported using some form of olive oil as their main source of oil for cooking and food preparation. Almost two-thirds of the sample (65·4 %) reported using extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), mainly in raw food preparation (71·5 %) or savoury baking and roasting (58 %). Fewer households reported using rice bran oil (4·6 %), canola oil (4·3 %) and vegetable oil (1·8 %). Almost half of all participants (49·6 %) identified perceived health benefits as the primary motivating factor for their main choice of oil, followed by sensory preference (46·7 %), versatility (10·2 %) and convenience (8·8 %). Australian adults frequently use olive oil, specifically EVOO, as the main oil for cooking and food preparation in the household.
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17
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Hernández-Vásquez A, Visconti-Lopez FJ, Cabanillas-Ramirez C, Díaz-Seijas D, Meléndez-Escalante J, Comandé D, Santero M. Efficacy and Safety of Topical Application of Olive Oil for Preventing Pressure Ulcers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14921. [PMID: 36429639 PMCID: PMC9690722 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The purpose was to identify and summarize the existing evidence on the efficacy and safety of the topical application of olive oil for preventing pressure ulcers (PUs). We included only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving patients at risk of developing PUs, testing the topical application of olive oil versus other products for PU prevention. We assessed the risk of bias using the RoB 2 tool, and the certainty of the evidence with GRADE. Four RCTs met the eligibility criteria. All studies were judged at a low risk of bias overall. The meta-analysis showed that the clinical efficacy of olive oil for prevention occurs by reducing the incidence of PUs (RR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.30 to 0.79, I2 = 0%); with no differences in adverse effects, it may be associated with a shorter development time of PUs and shorter hospital stays. The certainty of the evidence assessed by the GRADE approach was moderate and low. The topical application of olive oil is effective and safe in reducing the incidence of PUs compared to other treatments. These findings could provide new insights into olive oil as a preventive and alternative treatment for PUs as it is accessible and inexpensive compared to other products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Hernández-Vásquez
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales en Salud, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima 15024, Peru
| | | | | | | | | | - Daniel Comandé
- Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria (IECS-CONICET), Buenos Aires C1414CPV, Argentina
| | - Marilina Santero
- Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre, IIB Sant Pau—Servei d’Epidemiologia Clínica i Salut Pública, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
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18
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De Santis S, Crupi P, Piacente L, Mestice A, Colabufo NA, Amodio L, Pontrelli P, Gesualdo L, Moschetta A, Clodoveo ML, Faienza MF, Corbo F. Extra virgin olive oil extract rich in secoiridoids induces an anti-inflammatory profile in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from obese children. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1017090. [PMID: 36386923 PMCID: PMC9643887 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1017090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity represents an important public health challenge of the twenty first century reaching epidemic proportions worldwide; this is especially true for the pediatric population. In this context, bioactive compounds from foods are crucial to counteract chronic inflammation as a typical feature of obesity. In particular, extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is one of the most important functional foods exerting, among others, an anti-inflammatory activity not only due to its major (monounsaturated fatty acids) but also to its minor (phenolics) components, as reported in the last years. However, only a limited number of studies were performed on pediatric population, and even fewer are those focusing on EVOO phenolics that investigate the correlation of the chemical characterization with the biological function. Thus, starting from our in vitro data identifying an EVOO chemical profile characterized by a high content of secoiridoids correlating with an anti-inflammatory effect, we studied the ability of an EVOO extract with the same chemical profile to retain this function ex vivo. Specifically, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) collected from obese children were treated with EVOO and olive oil extracts, characterized by a low polyphenol content, to study the ability of secoiridoids to dampen the inflammatory response. A reduction of pro-inflammatory CD14+CD16+ monocytes was detected by cytofluorimetric analysis when PBMCs were treated with EVOO as compared to olive oil extracts. According to this, a down modulation of CCL2 and CCL4 chemokines involved in the recruitment of inflammatory cells, was reported in the supernatants of EVOO relative to olive oil extracts treated PBMCs. Moreover, a high-throughput gene expression analysis revealed that PBMCs molecular profile from obese children is greatly modulated after the treatment with EVOO extract in terms of metabolic and inflammatory pathways. Importantly, some of the significantly modulated genes were involved in the pathways promoting the development of severe obesity. Overall, our ex vivo data demonstrated the ability of EVOO to reduce the inflammatory milieu of PBMCs from obese children both at protein and molecular levels. Of note, a good correlation between the EVOO chemical profile and the biological modulations in terms of anti-inflammatory activity was reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania De Santis
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- *Correspondence: Stefania De Santis,
| | - Pasquale Crupi
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Laura Piacente
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Mestice
- Hematology Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Antonio Colabufo
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- Biofordrug, Laboratory for Clinical and Chemical Analyses, Bari, Italy
| | - Loredana Amodio
- Biofordrug, Laboratory for Clinical and Chemical Analyses, Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Pontrelli
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Loreto Gesualdo
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Moschetta
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Lisa Clodoveo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Felicia Faienza
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Filomena Corbo
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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19
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Castejón ML, Montoya T, Ortega-Vidal J, Altarejos J, Alarcón-de-la-Lastra C. Ligstroside aglycon, an extra virgin olive oil secoiridoid, prevents inflammation by regulation of MAPKs, JAK/STAT, NF-κB, Nrf2/HO-1, and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathways in LPS-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages. Food Funct 2022; 13:10200-10209. [PMID: 36111584 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00351a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ligstroside aglycon (LA) is one of the main polyphenols in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO); nevertheless, it is scarcely investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of LA on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages, as well as the potential signaling pathways involved. Isolated macrophages were treated with LA (50, 25, and 12.5 μM) in the presence or absence of LPS (5 μg ml-1) for 18 h. Cell viability was determined using the sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. Nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokine production was analyzed by the Griess method and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Protein expression of pro-inflammatory markers and signaling pathways were evaluated by western blot analysis. LA showed significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects through decreasing oxidative stress markers such as NO production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and NADPH oxidase-1 (NOX-1) protein expression. Besides, LA was able to reduce pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and modulate cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2), and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGEs-1) protein overexpression. The mechanisms underlying these protective effects could be related via activation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and inhibition of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and Janus kinase/signal transducer and activation of transcription (JAK2/STAT3) signaling pathways. In addition, LA inhibited non-canonical and canonical activation of a nucleotide-binding (NOD)-like receptor (NLRP3) inflammasome. We conclude that LA showed significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in LPS-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages. However, further in vivo studies are warranted to further investigate the bioactivity of this interesting compound that might be a promising natural agent for the treatment of immune-inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tatiana Montoya
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Spain.
| | - Juan Ortega-Vidal
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Campus of International Agrifood Excellence (ceiA3), University of Jaen, Spain
| | - Joaquín Altarejos
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Campus of International Agrifood Excellence (ceiA3), University of Jaen, Spain
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20
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Aliberti SM, Funk RHW, Schiavo L, Giudice A, Ciaglia E, Puca AA, Gonnella J, Capunzo M. Clinical Status, Nutritional Behavior, and Lifestyle, and Determinants of Community Well-Being of Patients from the Perspective of Physicians: A Cross-Sectional Study of Young Older Adults, Nonagenarians, and Centenarians in Salerno and Province, Italy. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173665. [PMID: 36079922 PMCID: PMC9459717 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Longevity is rightly considered one of the greatest achievements of modern society. Biomedical research has shown that aging is the major risk factor for many diseases, so to find the right answers to aging it is necessary to identify factors that can positively influence longevity. This study investigated the clinical status, nutritional behavior, lifestyle, and social and community determinants of the well-being of young older adults and nonagenarians/centenarians in Salerno and province through the judgment of their physicians. Data were collected through an online survey. Multivariate Poisson and logistic regression models were used to calculate significant predictors of the outcomes of interest. The interesting finding was that cardiovascular disease was a risk factor for young older adults, while it was a protective factor for nonagenarians/centenarians, meaning that as age increased, heart problems tended to decrease. Certain foods were found to be a significant protective factor for both young older adult and nonagenarian-centenarian patients. In addition, psychosomatic disorders were found to be determinant for the young older adults, while depression was a risk factor for the nonagenarians/centenarians because they were not always gratified by their long lives and often felt like a burden on the family. The protective significant variable among the determinants of community well-being for both young older adults and nonagenarians/centenarians was the retention of honorary achievement. Based on our results, we are able to support the hypothesis of a difference between the young older adults and the nonagenarians/centenarians in clinical status, nutritional behaviors, lifestyle, and determinants of community well-being. However, societies need more social and educational programs that are able to build "a new idea of old age" by improving and supporting the young older adults and the nonagenarians/centenarians, with the goal of intergenerational solidarity, well-being, and social inclusion, as well as preventive interventions on lifestyles and nutrition, which will allow us to provide a new key to understanding aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Mirella Aliberti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-089-965227
| | - Richard H. W. Funk
- Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Institute of Anatomy, University of Technology (TU) Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Luigi Schiavo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy
| | - Aldo Giudice
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy
- Animal Facility, Istituto Nazionale Tumori—Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS)—“Fond. G. Pascale”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Ciaglia
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy
| | - Annibale Alessandro Puca
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Joseph Gonnella
- Center for Medical Research in Medical Education and Health Care, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Mario Capunzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy
- Complex Operational Unit Health Hygiene, University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84131 Salerno, Italy
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21
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Salucci S, Bartoletti-Stella A, Bavelloni A, Aramini B, Blalock WL, Fabbri F, Vannini I, Sambri V, Stella F, Faenza I. Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO), a Mediterranean Diet Component, in the Management of Muscle Mass and Function Preservation. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173567. [PMID: 36079827 PMCID: PMC9459997 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging results in a progressive decline in skeletal muscle mass, strength and function, a condition known as sarcopenia. This pathological condition is due to multifactorial processes including physical inactivity, inflammation, oxidative stress, hormonal changes, and nutritional intake. Physical therapy remains the standard approach to treat sarcopenia, although some interventions based on dietary supplementation are in clinical development. In this context, thanks to its known anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties, there is great interest in using extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) supplementation to promote muscle mass and health in sarcopenic patients. To date, the molecular mechanisms responsible for the pathological changes associated with sarcopenia remain undefined; however, a complete understanding of the signaling pathways that regulate skeletal muscle protein synthesis and their behavior during sarcopenia appears vital for defining how EVOO might attenuate muscle wasting during aging. This review highlights the main molecular players that control skeletal muscle mass, with particular regard to sarcopenia, and discusses, based on the more recent findings, the potential of EVOO in delaying/preventing loss of muscle mass and function, with the aim of stimulating further research to assess dietary supplementation with EVOO as an approach to prevent or delay sarcopenia in aging individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Salucci
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Bartoletti-Stella
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Bavelloni
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Beatrice Aramini
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES of the Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, G.B. Morgagni-L. Pierantoni Hospital, 47121 Forlì, Italy
| | - William L. Blalock
- “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza” Istituto di Genetica Molecolare-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IGM-CNR), 40136 Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Fabbri
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Ivan Vannini
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Vittorio Sambri
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Unit of Microbiology, Greater Romagna Hub Laboratory, 47522 Pievesestina, Italy
| | - Franco Stella
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES of the Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, G.B. Morgagni-L. Pierantoni Hospital, 47121 Forlì, Italy
| | - Irene Faenza
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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22
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Seidita A, Soresi M, Giannitrapani L, Di Stefano V, Citarrella R, Mirarchi L, Cusimano A, Augello G, Carroccio A, Iovanna JL, Cervello M. The clinical impact of an extra virgin olive oil enriched mediterranean diet on metabolic syndrome: Lights and shadows of a nutraceutical approach. Front Nutr 2022; 9:980429. [PMID: 35990331 PMCID: PMC9386289 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.980429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
For years it has been established that the only truly effective treatment of metabolic syndrome (MS) is lifestyle modification to prevent its cardiovascular (e.g., coronary artery disease and atherosclerosis), metabolic (e.g., diabetes mellitus), and hepatic (e.g., steatosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis) complications. The focal points of this approach are to increase physical activity and intake of a diet characterized by high quantities of fruits, vegetables, grains, fish, and low-fat dairy products, the so called mediterranean diet (MD); however, the added value of MD is the presence of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), a healthy food with a high content of monounsaturated fatty acids, especially oleic acid, and variable concentrations (range 50–800 mg/kg) of phenols (oleuropein, ligstroside, and oleocanthal, and their derivatives, phenolic alcohols, such as hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol). Phenolic compounds not only determine EVOO’s main organoleptic qualities (oxidative stability, specific flavor, and taste features) but, theoretically, make it a source of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, insulin-sensitizing, cardioprotective, antiatherogenic, neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, and anticancer activity. Although many studies have been carried out on EVOO’s clinical effects and attention toward this dietary approach (healthy and palatable food with strong nutraceutical activity) has become increasingly pressing, there are still many dark sides to be clarified, both in terms of actual clinical efficacy and biochemical and molecular activity. Thus, we reviewed the international literature, trying to show the state of the art about EVOO’s clinical properties to treat MS (along with correlated complications) and the future prospective of its nutraceutical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelio Seidita
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Soresi
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Lydia Giannitrapani
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vita Di Stefano
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberto Citarrella
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Luigi Mirarchi
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonella Cusimano
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Augello
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Carroccio
- Unit of Internal Medicine, "V. Cervello" Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti "Villa Sofia-Cervello", Palermo, Italy.,Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Juan Lucio Iovanna
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Melchiorre Cervello
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
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23
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Zamljen T, Slatnar A, Hudina M, Veberic R, Medic A. Characterization and Quantification of Capsaicinoids and Phenolic Compounds in Two Types of Chili Olive Oils, Using HPLC/MS. Foods 2022; 11:foods11152256. [PMID: 35954023 PMCID: PMC9367771 DOI: 10.3390/foods11152256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chili olive oil is a popular addition to various foods in many countries. In a detailed study, the content of phenols and capsaicinoids in chili olive oil was determined using chili flakes and whole chilies. A total of 99.8% of the phenols in chili olive oil were secoiridoids, with elenolic acid, oleuropein aglycones, and ligostride aglycones being the most abundant. Chili olive oil with chili flakes contained higher levels of capsaicinoids (+21.6%) compared to whole chili olive oil. Capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin accounted for about 95% of all capsaicinoids in the chili olive oil. The extraction rate of dry “Cayenne” chili was 7.1% in whole chili olive oil and 9% in chili olive oil with flakes, confirming that chili flakes are better extracted in olive oil. With the determination of 29 individual phenols and five individual capsaicinoids, the study provided a detailed insight into the secondary metabolites of chili olive oil and confirmed that it is a health source.
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24
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Marcelino G, Hiane PA, Pott A, de Oliveira Filiú WF, Caires ARL, Michels FS, Júnior MRM, Santos NMS, Nunes ÂA, Oliveira LCS, Cortes MR, Maldonade IR, Cavalheiro LF, Nazário CED, Santana LF, Di Pietro Fernandes C, Negrão FJ, Tatara MB, de Faria BB, Asato MA, de Cássia Freitas K, Bogo D, do Nascimento VA, de Cássia Avellaneda Guimarães R. Characterization of Buriti ( Mauritia flexuosa) Pulp Oil and the Effect of Its Supplementation in an In Vivo Experimental Model. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122547. [PMID: 35745276 PMCID: PMC9229003 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mauritia flexuosa (Buriti) pulp oil contains bioactive substances and lipids that are protective against cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases. We performed physical and chemical analyses to verify its quality and stability. Buriti oil was stable according to the Rancimat test, presenting an induction period of 6.6 h. We evaluated the effect of supplementation with crude buriti oil and olive oil on metabolic parameters in 108 Swiss mice for 90 days. We investigated six groups: extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) 1 and 2 (1000 and 2000 mg/kg), buriti oil (BO) 1 and 2 (1000 and 2000 mg/kg), synergic (S) (BO1 + EVOO1), and control (water dose 1000 mg/kg). The animals were euthanized to examine their blood, livers, and fats. The supplementation did not interfere with food consumption, weight gain, and histological alterations in the liver. Group S showed the strongest relationship with the fractions HDL-c and non-HDL-c, indicating a possible cardioprotective effect. Moreover, we observed significantly higher IL-6 levels in the control, EVOO2, and BO1 groups than in the EVOO1 group. Resistin was also significantly higher for the synergic treatment than for the control. We conclude that BO combined with EVOO could be an excellent food supplement for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Marcelino
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (G.M.); (P.A.H.); (L.F.S.); (C.D.P.F.); (K.d.C.F.); (D.B.); (V.A.d.N.)
| | - Priscila Aiko Hiane
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (G.M.); (P.A.H.); (L.F.S.); (C.D.P.F.); (K.d.C.F.); (D.B.); (V.A.d.N.)
| | - Arnildo Pott
- Laboratory of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil;
| | | | - Anderson R. L. Caires
- Optics and Photonics Group, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (A.R.L.C.); (F.S.M.)
| | - Flavio S. Michels
- Optics and Photonics Group, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (A.R.L.C.); (F.S.M.)
| | - Mário R. Maróstica Júnior
- Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, Brazil; (M.R.M.J.); (N.M.S.S.)
| | - Nathalia M. S. Santos
- Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, Brazil; (M.R.M.J.); (N.M.S.S.)
| | - Ângela A. Nunes
- Program in Biotechnology, Dom Bosco Catholic University, Campo Grande 79117-900, Brazil;
| | - Lincoln C. S. Oliveira
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (L.C.S.O.); (M.R.C.); (L.F.C.); (C.E.D.N.)
| | - Mário R. Cortes
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (L.C.S.O.); (M.R.C.); (L.F.C.); (C.E.D.N.)
| | - Iriani R. Maldonade
- Laboratory of Food Sciences and Technology, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA Vegetables), Brasília 70770-901, Brazil;
| | - Leandro F. Cavalheiro
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (L.C.S.O.); (M.R.C.); (L.F.C.); (C.E.D.N.)
| | - Carlos Eduardo Domingues Nazário
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (L.C.S.O.); (M.R.C.); (L.F.C.); (C.E.D.N.)
| | - Lidiani Figueiredo Santana
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (G.M.); (P.A.H.); (L.F.S.); (C.D.P.F.); (K.d.C.F.); (D.B.); (V.A.d.N.)
| | - Carolina Di Pietro Fernandes
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (G.M.); (P.A.H.); (L.F.S.); (C.D.P.F.); (K.d.C.F.); (D.B.); (V.A.d.N.)
| | - Fábio Juliano Negrão
- Health Science Research Laboratory, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados 79804-970, Brazil; (F.J.N.); (M.B.T.)
| | - Mariana Bento Tatara
- Health Science Research Laboratory, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados 79804-970, Brazil; (F.J.N.); (M.B.T.)
| | | | - Marcel Arakaki Asato
- Medical School, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil;
| | - Karine de Cássia Freitas
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (G.M.); (P.A.H.); (L.F.S.); (C.D.P.F.); (K.d.C.F.); (D.B.); (V.A.d.N.)
| | - Danielle Bogo
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (G.M.); (P.A.H.); (L.F.S.); (C.D.P.F.); (K.d.C.F.); (D.B.); (V.A.d.N.)
| | - Valter Aragão do Nascimento
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (G.M.); (P.A.H.); (L.F.S.); (C.D.P.F.); (K.d.C.F.); (D.B.); (V.A.d.N.)
| | - Rita de Cássia Avellaneda Guimarães
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (G.M.); (P.A.H.); (L.F.S.); (C.D.P.F.); (K.d.C.F.); (D.B.); (V.A.d.N.)
- Correspondence:
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25
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Dall’Asta M, Barbato M, Rocchetti G, Rossi F, Lucini L, Marsan PA, Colli L. Nutrigenomics: an underestimated contribution to the functional role of polyphenols. Curr Opin Food Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2022.100880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Personalized Nutrition in the Management of Female Infertility: New Insights on Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091918. [PMID: 35565885 PMCID: PMC9105997 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence on the significance of nutrition in reproduction is emerging from both animal and human studies, suggesting a mutual association between nutrition and female fertility. Different “fertile” dietary patterns have been studied; however, in humans, conflicting results or weak correlations are often reported, probably because of the individual variations in genome, proteome, metabolome, and microbiome and the extent of exposure to different environmental conditions. In this scenario, “precision nutrition”, namely personalized dietary patterns based on deep phenotyping and on metabolomics, microbiome, and nutrigenetics of each case, might be more efficient for infertile patients than applying a generic nutritional approach. In this review, we report on new insights into the nutritional management of infertile patients, discussing the main nutrigenetic, nutrigenomic, and microbiomic aspects that should be investigated to achieve effective personalized nutritional interventions. Specifically, we will focus on the management of low-grade chronic inflammation, which is associated with several infertility-related diseases.
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Di Pietro M, Filardo S, Mattioli R, Francioso A, Raponi G, Mosca L, Sessa R. Extra Virgin Olive Oil-Based Green Formulations With Promising Antimicrobial Activity Against Drug-Resistant Isolates. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:885735. [PMID: 35548334 PMCID: PMC9082028 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.885735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) from Olea europaea L. drupes, a cornerstone in the Mediterranean diet, is well known for its nutritional and health properties, especially for prevention of cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders. Traditionally, beneficial health effects have been largely attributed to the high concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids, and in recent years, these have also been related to other components including oleacein and oleocanthal. Here, we evaluated, for the first time, the antimicrobial activity of different green extra virgin olive oil-based formulations in natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDESs) emerging as powerful and biocompatible solvents. Specifically, the antimicrobial activity of the EVOO extract, as well as purified oleocanthal and oleacein in two NaDESs (choline/glycerol and choline/propylene glycol), against several drug-resistant clinical isolates and standard microbial strains has been evaluated. The main result was the inhibitory activity of the EVOO extract in choline/glycerol as well as oleacein in choline/propylene glycol toward drug-resistant Gram-positive and -negative strains. Specifically, the EVOO extract in choline/glycerol showed the highest antibacterial activity against several clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus, whereas oleacein in choline/propylene glycol was the most effective toward various clinical strains of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. In addition, all the formulations tested were effective against Candida spp. In conclusion, our results suggest EVOO-based formulations in NaDESs as an interesting strategy that may help in reducing the risk of development of drug resistance. Under this perspective, the usage of NaDESs for the preparation of new antimicrobial formulations may represent a promising approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Di Pietro
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Simone Filardo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Roberto Mattioli
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Antonio Francioso
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Giammarco Raponi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Luciana Mosca
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Rosa Sessa
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Roma, Italy
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Lozano‐Castellón J, López‐Yerena A, Domínguez‐López I, Siscart‐Serra A, Fraga N, Sámano S, López‐Sabater C, Lamuela‐Raventós RM, Vallverdú‐Queralt A, Pérez M. Extra virgin olive oil: A comprehensive review of efforts to ensure its authenticity, traceability, and safety. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:2639-2664. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julián Lozano‐Castellón
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, XIA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA‐UB) University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) Madrid Spain
| | - Anallely López‐Yerena
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, XIA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA‐UB) University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Inés Domínguez‐López
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, XIA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA‐UB) University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) Madrid Spain
| | - Aina Siscart‐Serra
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, XIA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA‐UB) University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Nathalia Fraga
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, XIA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA‐UB) University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Samantha Sámano
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, XIA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA‐UB) University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Carmen López‐Sabater
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, XIA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA‐UB) University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) Madrid Spain
| | - Rosa M Lamuela‐Raventós
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, XIA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA‐UB) University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) Madrid Spain
| | - Anna Vallverdú‐Queralt
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, XIA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA‐UB) University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) Madrid Spain
| | - Maria Pérez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, XIA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA‐UB) University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
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Zellama MS, Chahdoura H, Zairi A, Ziani BEC, Boujbiha MA, Snoussi M, Ismail S, Flamini G, Mosbah H, Selmi B, El-Bok S, Chaouachi M. Chemical characterization and nutritional quality investigations of healthy extra virgin olive oil flavored with chili pepper. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:16392-16403. [PMID: 34651266 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16645-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The production of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) flavored with diverse spices, herbs, fruits, and vegetables or natural aromas is believed to provide advantageous properties considering either the high nutritional value or biological activity in addition to the flavoring and industrial aspects. The biological activities including antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Tunisian EVOO obtained from "Chemlali" variety and mixed with chili pepper were investigated. Molecular analyses, including the detection of twelve olive-infecting viruses and Pseudomonas savastanoi pv savastanoi, were performed to ensure that the samples were obtained from healthy olive trees and EVOO quality was not affected. Quality parameters like free acidity, peroxide number, oxidative stability, and specific absorption at K232 nm and K270 nm were also investigated and no significant variation was revealed. The content of minor compounds such as chlorophylls, carotenoids, and total phenols showed minor changes. However, the profiles of the volatile compounds showed remarkable differences, which appeared to be the main factor for the observed variability in consumer acceptance. The results showed for the first time high quantities of polyphenols and ortho-diphenols. Four colorimetric methods were used for the determination of the antioxidant activity, namely DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and β-carotene test. Compared to the control, a higher level of antioxidant activity was observed for the flavored EVOO. Furthermore, significant results were obtained in the antimicrobial tests. The quality parameters of the mixture showed no alteration compared to the control. Finally, all the measurements and the chemical characterization gave a scientific basis for food technology innovation of new food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Salem Zellama
- Laboratory of Bioresources: Integrative Biology and Exploiting, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue Taher Hadded BP 74, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hassiba Chahdoura
- Unité de Recherche UR17ES30 "Génomique, Biotechnologie et Stratégies Antivirales", Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie, Université de Monastir, BP74, Avenue Tahar Hadded, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Amira Zairi
- Laboratory of Bioresources: Integrative Biology and Exploiting, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue Taher Hadded BP 74, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | | | - Mohamed Ali Boujbiha
- Laboratory of Bioresources: Integrative Biology and Exploiting, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue Taher Hadded BP 74, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mejdi Snoussi
- Department of Biology, University of Hail, P.O. 81451, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Ismail
- Laboratory of Bioresources: Integrative Biology and Exploiting, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue Taher Hadded BP 74, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Guido Flamini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute", Università di Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Habib Mosbah
- Unité de Recherche UR17ES30 "Génomique, Biotechnologie et Stratégies Antivirales", Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie, Université de Monastir, BP74, Avenue Tahar Hadded, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Boulbaba Selmi
- Unité de Recherche UR17ES30 "Génomique, Biotechnologie et Stratégies Antivirales", Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie, Université de Monastir, BP74, Avenue Tahar Hadded, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Safia El-Bok
- Laboratoire de Biodiversité, Biotechnologies & Changements Climatiques (LR11ES09), Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis El-Manar, Campus Universitaire, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Maher Chaouachi
- Unité de Recherche UR17ES30 "Génomique, Biotechnologie et Stratégies Antivirales", Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie, Université de Monastir, BP74, Avenue Tahar Hadded, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia.
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Effects of Olive Oil and Its Components on Intestinal Inflammation and Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040757. [PMID: 35215407 PMCID: PMC8875923 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rising global burden of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the rising costs of novel biological drugs, there is an increasing need for dietary approaches and functional foods that could modulate the course of IBD. The Mediterranean diet has proven to be efficacious in managing chronic inflammatory diseases, and recent studies have also shown its benefits in the setting of IBD. Since olive oil and its compounds have been shown to provide a considerable anti-inflammatory effect, in this review, we aim to discuss the latest evidence concerning the impact of olive oil and its bioactive compounds on IBD. Numerous preclinical studies have exhibited solid evidence on the mechanisms by which polyphenol-rich extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) or specific polyphenols like hydroxytyrosol (HT) provide their anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antitumour, and microbiota-modulation effects. Accordingly, several human studies that explored the effects of olive oil on patients with IBD further confirmed the evidence brought forward by preclinical studies. Nevertheless, there is a need for larger-scale, multicentric, randomized control trials that would finally elucidate olive oil’s level of efficacy in modulating the course of IBD.
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Extreme Longevity: Analysis of the Direct or Indirect Influence of Environmental Factors on Old, Nonagenarians, and Centenarians in Cilento, Italy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031589. [PMID: 35162611 PMCID: PMC8834812 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Longevity is rightly considered one of the greatest achievements of modern society, an achievement understood as the possibility of increasing the healthy part of life and not only its full duration. This study investigated the phenomenon of regional longevity in Cilento by analyzing the association between longevity indicators and some environmental factors, in order to understand if factors such as altitude, climate, UNESCO protected areas, and hinterland can directly or indirectly influence the measure of healthy living and lead to longevity. Demographic and environmental data were collected through the Archives of the Cilento municipalities, the National Institute of Statistics, the Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, and the Italian National Commission for UNESCO. The Geographically Weighted Regression were used to determine the association between longevity indicators and environmental factors. Correlation analysis between the longevity indicators was investigated in order to have a complete picture of longevity in Cilento. It was discovered that Cilento longevity is mainly found in the central area of the territory and from there, by age groups, it widens towards the south-eastern area. This designated area is part of the hilly area of the Cilento, at an altitude between 400 and 700 m above sea level. The towns of this area are part of the UNESCO heritage and are characterized by a transitional climate between Mediterranean and temperate climate. Moreover, the correlation analysis between the six indicators of longevity has confirmed a linear relationship between the six variables and this indicates that in the years to come there will be the probabilities of a generational turn over between the old, great old, nonagenarians and current centenarians, provided that the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic subsides.
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Correlation between Chemical Characterization and Biological Activity: An Urgent Need for Human Studies Using Extra Virgin Olive Oil. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020258. [PMID: 35204146 PMCID: PMC8868367 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is one of the most important functional foods from the Mediterranean Diet due to its beneficial effect on human health in terms of prevention and/or adjuvant treatment of different pathological conditions. The positive effects linked to EVOO consumption are not only due to its major (monounsaturated fatty acids), but also to its minor components (phenolics), whose roles were greatly re-evaluated in the last years. Notwithstanding the huge number of studies demonstrating the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties of EVOO’s phenolic compounds, only their antioxidant ability was supported by a Health Claim. However, to bear the claim, a specific phenolic composition is needed, thus reinforcing the need to correlate the characterization of the phenolic compounds to their biological activity. In fact, although the chemical characterization of VOO’s phenolic compounds was extensively studied, its correlation with biological effects is only partially investigated; this is especially true for human studies. This review aims to study the correlation between the chemical characterization of EVOO’s phenolics and the biological effects in terms of antioxidant/anti-inflammatory potentials, with a focus on the human studies and the relative concern on getting a specific Health Claim.
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33
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Olive Pomace and Pâté Olive Cake as Suitable Ingredients for Food and Feed. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020237. [PMID: 35208692 PMCID: PMC8880501 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Olive oil extraction generates several by-products that represent an environmental issue, mainly for Mediterranean countries where olive oil is mostly produced. These by-products represent an ecological issue for their phenolic components, such as oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, and tyrosol. However, olive oil by-products can be treated and properly exploited in different fields for their health-promoting properties, and they represent great potential for the food and beverage, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Furthermore, recovery and treatment processes can contribute to efficient waste management, which can enhance the sustainability of the olive oil industry, and in turn, lead to relevant economic benefits. The solid waste, i.e., olive pomace, could be considered to be a suitable matrix or primary resource of molecules with high added value due to their high phenolic content. Olive pomace, at different moisture contents, is the main by-product obtained from two- or three-phase extraction systems. A commonly used centrifugal extraction system, i.e., a multiphase decanter (DMF), does not require the addition of water and can generate a new by-product called pâté or olive pomace cake, consisting of moist pulp that is rich in phenols, in particular, secoiridoids, without any trace of kernel. Although several reviews have been published on olive wastes, only a few reviews have specifically focused on the solid by-products. Therefore, the aim of the present review is to provide a comprehensive overview on the current valorization of the main solid olive oil by-products, in particular, olive pomace or pâté olive cake, highlighting their use in different fields, including human nutrition.
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34
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Russell C, Keshavamurthy S, Saha S. Nutraceuticals in the Management of Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Where is the Evidence? Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2021; 21:150-161. [PMID: 34852755 DOI: 10.2174/1871529x21666211201104124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease continues to rise at an alarming rate, and research focuses on possible therapies to reduce the risk and slow down its progression. Several epidemiological studies have indicated that dietary modifications, such as increased consumption of fruits and vegetables play an important role in reducing cardiovascular disease risk factors. Food sources rich in antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, and hypoglycemic properties are thought to ameliorate the progression of cardiovascular disease and serve as a potential treatment mode. Many in vivo and in vitro studies using turmeric, cinnamon, mango, blueberries, red wine, chocolate, and extra virgin olive oil have demonstrated significant improvements in cholesterol profiles, toxic reactive oxygen species, inflammation, obesity, and hypertension. In this review, we summarize recent evidence on the cardioprotective effect of different food groups, outline their potential mechanisms involved in slowing down the progression of cardiovascular disease, and highlight the beneficial effects associated with increased consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody Russell
- The American University of the Caribbean School of Medicine. 0
| | | | - Sibu Saha
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Department of Surgery Professor of Surgery and Bioengineering. 0
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35
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Zheng Y, Liu Z, Yang X, Liu L, Ahn KS. An updated review on the potential antineoplastic actions of oleuropein. Phytother Res 2021; 36:365-379. [PMID: 34808696 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oleuropein is an ester of elenolic acid and hydroxytyrosol (3, 4-dihydroxyphenylethanol). It is a phenolic compound and the most luxuriant in olives. The detailed information related to the anticancer effects of oleuropein was collected from the internet database PubMed/Medline, ResearchGate, Web of Science, Wiley Online Library, and Cnki using appropriate keywords until the end of October 2021. Oleuropein has been shown to have antioxidant, anticancer, antiinflammatory, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective effects. Previous studies also revealed that oleuropein could effectively inhibit the malignant progression of esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, and cervical cancer. Recently, the role of oleuropein in inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and migration and inducing tumor cell apoptosis has gained extensive attention. In this review, we have summarized the latest research progress related to the antioncogenic mechanisms and the potential role of oleuropein in targeting different human malignancies. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that oleuropein can function as a promising chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent against cancer, but its more detailed anticancer effects and underlying mechanisms need to be further validated in future preclinical as well as clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xiulan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Lian Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Kyung Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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36
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Carluccio MA, Martinelli R, Massaro M, Calabriso N, Scoditti E, Maffia M, Verri T, Gatta V, De Caterina R. Nutrigenomic Effect of Hydroxytyrosol in Vascular Endothelial Cells: A Transcriptomic Profile Analysis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113990. [PMID: 34836245 PMCID: PMC8623349 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol (HT), a peculiar olive and olive oil phenolic antioxidant, plays a significant role in the endothelial and cardiovascular protection associated with olive oil consumption. However, studies examining the effects of HT on the whole-genome expression of endothelial cells, which are prominent targets for vasculo-protective effects of olive oil polyphenols, have been lacking. This study aims to comprehensively evaluate the genomic effects exerted by HT, at the transcriptional level, in endothelial cells under resting or proinflammatory conditions. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with 10 µmol/L HT for 1 h and then stimulated with 5 ng/mL interleukin (IL)-1β for 3 h. Total RNA was extracted, and gene expression profile assessed with microarray analysis. Functional enrichment analysis and pathway analysis were performed by Ingenuity Pathways Analysis. Microarray data were validated by qRT-PCR. Fixing a significance threshold at 1.5-fold change, HT affected the expression of 708 and 599 genes, respectively, in HUVECs under resting and IL-1β-stimulated conditions; among these, 190 were common to both conditions. Unfolded protein response (UPR) and endoplasmic reticulum stress resulted from the two top canonical pathways common between HT and HT-IL-1β affected genes. IL-17F/A signaling was found in the top canonical pathways of HT modified genes under resting unstimulated conditions, whereas cardiac hypertrophy signaling was identified among the pathways affected by HT-IL-1β. The transcriptomic analysis allowed pinpointing immunological, inflammatory, proliferative, and metabolic-related pathways as the most affected by HT in endothelial cells. It also revealed previously unsuspected genes and related gene pathways affected by HT, thus broadening our knowledge of its biological properties. The unbiased identification of novel genes regulated by HT improves our understanding of mechanisms by which olive oil prevents or attenuates inflammatory diseases and identifies new genes to be enquired as potential contributors to the inter-individual variation in response to functional food consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Annunziata Carluccio
- National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.M.); (N.C.); (E.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.C.); (R.D.C.)
| | - Rosanna Martinelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Via Salvador Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Salerno, Italy;
| | - Marika Massaro
- National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.M.); (N.C.); (E.S.)
| | - Nadia Calabriso
- National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.M.); (N.C.); (E.S.)
| | - Egeria Scoditti
- National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.M.); (N.C.); (E.S.)
| | - Michele Maffia
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology (DISTEBA), Campus Ecotekne, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.M.); (T.V.)
| | - Tiziano Verri
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology (DISTEBA), Campus Ecotekne, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.M.); (T.V.)
| | - Valentina Gatta
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Raffaele De Caterina
- Cardiology Division, Pisa University Hospital, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.A.C.); (R.D.C.)
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Determination of Commercial Animal and Vegetable Milks' Lipid Profile and Its Correlation with Cell Viability and Antioxidant Activity on Human Intestinal Caco-2 Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26185645. [PMID: 34577116 PMCID: PMC8465430 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids from milk are important nutritional components, although their health effects, especially for animal milks, are still questioned. Four types of commercial milks, two semi-skimmed animal milks (bovine and goat) and two vegetable ones (soy and rice), along with their total and free lipid fractions recovered by sequential centrifugation or by ethyl acetate extraction, respectively, have been analyzed. A higher antioxidant ability, reported as Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, was found for all raw milks compared to that of rice. This trend was confirmed, except for soy milk, as ROS reduction in Caco-2 cells. The free lipid fraction was shown to have the highest antioxidant potential in both chemical and biological tests. Moreover, goat and soy raw milks positively regulated Caco-2 cell viability after an inflammatory stimulus. This effect was lost when their total lipid fraction was tested. Finally, only the free lipid fraction from rice milk preserved the Caco-2 viability after LPS stimulation. Our data demonstrated that the lipid profile of each milk, characterized by GC-MS analysis, could contribute to dictate its biological effects, and, although additional in vitro and in vivo studies are needed, they could support the literature re-evaluating the health effects of animal-based versus plant-based milks in the intestinal cellular model.
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Abstract
Olive Sound is the acronym of a Horizon 2020 European Project aimed at the development of a high-flow oil extraction plant, the Sono-Heat-Exchanger, which combines ultrasound and heat exchange in order to break, through a radical innovation model in the oil mill, the historical paradigm that sees as inversely correlated the oil yield and the content of bio-phenols. These compounds are biologically active molecules that transform the product, extra virgin olive oil, from a mere condiment into a functional food. The primary objective of the project, financially supported by the European Union through the “Fast Track to Innovation” program, is the development of a product “ready for the market” (TRL 9) capable of making the involved companies more competitive while increasing the competitiveness of European extra virgin olive oil in the international context.
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Loizzo MR, Bonesi M, Falco T, Leporini M, Pagliuso M, Sicari V, Tundis R. Carolea olive oil enriched with an infusion of
Capsicuum annuum
and
C. chinense
dried pepper powders to produce an added value flavoured olive oils. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Rosa Loizzo
- Department of Pharmacy Health Science and Nutrition University of Calabria Arcavacata di Rende Italy
| | - Marco Bonesi
- Department of Pharmacy Health Science and Nutrition University of Calabria Arcavacata di Rende Italy
| | - Tiziana Falco
- Department of Pharmacy Health Science and Nutrition University of Calabria Arcavacata di Rende Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Leporini
- Department of Pharmacy Health Science and Nutrition University of Calabria Arcavacata di Rende Italy
| | - Mariateresa Pagliuso
- UOS Igiene Alimenti e Nutrizione Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale di Cosenza Cosenza Italy
| | - Vincenzo Sicari
- Department of AGRARIA Mediterranean University of Reggio Calabria Reggio Calabria Italy
| | - Rosa Tundis
- Department of Pharmacy Health Science and Nutrition University of Calabria Arcavacata di Rende Italy
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PGC1s and Beyond: Disentangling the Complex Regulation of Mitochondrial and Cellular Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136913. [PMID: 34199142 PMCID: PMC8268830 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolism is the central engine of living organisms as it provides energy and building blocks for many essential components of each cell, which are required for specific functions in different tissues. Mitochondria are the main site for energy production in living organisms and they also provide intermediate metabolites required for the synthesis of other biologically relevant molecules. Such cellular processes are finely tuned at different levels, including allosteric regulation, posttranslational modifications, and transcription of genes encoding key proteins in metabolic pathways. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ coactivator 1 (PGC1) proteins are transcriptional coactivators involved in the regulation of many cellular processes, mostly ascribable to metabolic pathways. Here, we will discuss some aspects of the cellular processes regulated by PGC1s, bringing up some examples of their role in mitochondrial and cellular metabolism, and how metabolic regulation in mitochondria by members of the PGC1 family affects the immune system. We will analyze how PGC1 proteins are regulated at the transcriptional and posttranslational level and will also examine other regulators of mitochondrial metabolism and the related cellular functions, considering approaches to identify novel mitochondrial regulators and their role in physiology and disease. Finally, we will analyze possible therapeutical perspectives currently under assessment that are applicable to different disease states.
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Extra Virgin Olive Oil Extracts Modulate the Inflammatory Ability of Murine Dendritic Cells Based on Their Polyphenols Pattern: Correlation between Chemical Composition and Biological Function. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071016. [PMID: 34202671 PMCID: PMC8300824 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) represents one of the most important health-promoting foods whose antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities are mainly associated to its polyphenols content. To date, studies exploring the effect of EVOO polyphenols on dendritic cells (DCs), acting as a crosstalk between the innate and the adaptive immune response, are scanty. Therefore, we studied the ability of three EVOO extracts (cv. Coratina, Cima di Mola/Coratina, and Casaliva), characterized by different polyphenols amount, to regulate DCs maturation in resting conditions or after an inflammatory stimulus. Cima di Mola/Coratina and Casaliva extracts were demonstrated to be the most effective in modulating DCs toward an anti-inflammatory profile by reduction of TNF and IL-6 secretion and CD86 expression, along with a down-modulation of Il-1β and iNOS expression. From factorial analysis results, 9 polyphenols were tentatively established to play a synergistic role in modulating DCs inflammatory ability, thus reducing the risk of chronic inflammation.
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Crudele L, Piccinin E, Moschetta A. Visceral Adiposity and Cancer: Role in Pathogenesis and Prognosis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13062101. [PMID: 34205356 PMCID: PMC8234141 DOI: 10.3390/nu13062101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of being overweight and obese has been expanded dramatically in recent years worldwide. Obesity usually occurs when the energetic introit overtakes energy expenditure from metabolic and physical activity, leading to fat accumulation mainly in the visceral depots. Excessive fat accumulation represents a risk factor for many chronic diseases, including cancer. Adiposity, chronic low-grade inflammation, and hyperinsulinemia are essential factors of obesity that also play a crucial role in tumor onset. In recent years, several strategies have been pointed toward boundary fat accumulation, thus limiting the burden of cancer attributable to obesity. While remodeling fat via adipocytes browning seems a tempting prospect, lifestyle interventions still represent the main pathway to prevent cancer and enhance the efficacy of treatments. Specifically, the Mediterranean Diet stands out as one of the best dietary approaches to curtail visceral adiposity and, therefore, cancer risk. In this Review, the close relationship between obesity and cancer has been investigated, highlighting the biological mechanisms at the basis of this link. Finally, strategies to remodel fat, including browning and lifestyle interventions, have been taken into consideration as a major perspective to limit excess body weight and tumor onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucilla Crudele
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.C.); (E.P.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Elena Piccinin
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.C.); (E.P.)
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Moschetta
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.C.); (E.P.)
- INBB, National Institute for Biostructures and Biosystems, 00136 Rome, Italy
- National Cancer Center, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-080-559-3262
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De Santis S, Scarano A, Liso M, Calabrese FM, Verna G, Cavalcanti E, Sila A, Lippolis A, De Angelis M, Santino A, Chieppa M. Polyphenol Enriched Diet Administration During Pregnancy and Lactation Prevents Dysbiosis in Ulcerative Colitis Predisposed Littermates. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:622327. [PMID: 34178715 PMCID: PMC8221423 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.622327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal colonization of the gastrointestinal tract depends on mother microbiome, thus mother microbiota dysbiosis is transmitted to the offspring during the delivery and shaped by breastmilk characteristics. Here we used a murine model of UC predisposition (Winnie-/-) to evaluate the effects of maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation. Using heterozygous breeders, we obtained both Winnie-/- and C57BL/6 littermates from the same mother and compared their microbiota at weaning and adult age, using a diet enriched with 1% tomato fruit of a line – named Bronze – highly enriched in bioactive polyphenols, or Control tomato. Females received enriched diets two weeks before the beginning of the breeding and never stopped for the following six months. No significant effect was observed in regard to the percentage of Winnie-/- offspring, as with both diets the percentage was about 25% as expected. Winnie littermates from breeders fed with the Bronze-enriched diet showed reduced dysbiosis at 4 weeks of age if compared with Winnie under the Control tomato diet. This effect was then reduced when mice reached adult age. Conversely, the microbiota of C57BL/6 does not change significantly, indicating that fortified mothers-diet significantly contribute to preventing dysbiosis in genetically predisposed offspring, but has mild effects on healthy littermates and adult mice. An overall tendency towards reduced inflammation was underlined by the colon weight and the percentage of Foxp3+ cells reduction in Winnie mice fed with Bronze diet. Control diet did not show similar tendency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania De Santis
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Aurelia Scarano
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production National Research Council (CNR), Unit of Lecce, Lecce, Italy
| | - Marina Liso
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | | | - Giulio Verna
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Cavalcanti
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Annamaria Sila
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Antonio Lippolis
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Maria De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Santino
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production National Research Council (CNR), Unit of Lecce, Lecce, Italy
| | - Marcello Chieppa
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Italy
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Evolution of Flavors in Extra Virgin Olive Oil Shelf-Life. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030368. [PMID: 33671068 PMCID: PMC7997466 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is one of the most distinctive ingredients of the Mediterranean diet. There are many properties related to this golden ingredient, from supreme organoleptic characteristics to benefits for human health. EVOO contains in its composition molecules capable of exerting bioactivities such as cardio protection, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and anticancer activity, among others, mainly caused by unsaturated fatty acids and certain minor compounds such as tocopherols or phenolic compounds. EVOO is considered the highest quality vegetable oil, which also implies a high sensory quality. The organoleptic properties related to the flavor of this valued product are also due to the presence of a series of compounds in its composition, mainly some carbonyl compounds found in the volatile fraction, although some minor compounds such as phenolic compounds also contribute. However, these properties are greatly affected by the incidence of certain factors, both intrinsic, such as the olive variety, and extrinsic, such as the growing conditions, so that each EVOO has a particular flavor. Furthermore, these flavors are susceptible to change under the influence of other factors throughout the oil's shelf-life, such as oxidation or temperature. This work offers a description of some of the most remarkable compounds responsible for EVOO's unique flavor and aroma, the factors affecting them, the mechanism that lead to the degradation of EVOO, and how flavors can be altered during the shelf-life of the oil, as well as several strategies suggested for the preservation of this flavor, on which the quality of the product also depends.
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Verna G, Sila A, Liso M, Mastronardi M, Chieppa M, Cena H, Campiglia P. Iron-Enriched Nutritional Supplements for the 2030 Pharmacy Shelves. Nutrients 2021; 13:378. [PMID: 33530485 PMCID: PMC7912282 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron deficiency (ID) affects people of all ages in many countries. Due to intestinal blood loss and reduced iron absorption, ID is a threat to IBD patients, women, and children the most. Current therapies can efficiently recover normal serum transferrin saturation and hemoglobin concentration but may cause several side effects, including intestinal inflammation. ID patients may benefit from innovative nutritional supplements that may satisfy iron needs without side effects. There is a growing interest in new iron-rich superfoods, like algae and mushrooms, which combine antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties with iron richness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Verna
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Annamaria Sila
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis”, Institute of Research, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (A.S.); (M.L.); (M.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Marina Liso
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis”, Institute of Research, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (A.S.); (M.L.); (M.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Mauro Mastronardi
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis”, Institute of Research, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (A.S.); (M.L.); (M.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Marcello Chieppa
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis”, Institute of Research, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (A.S.); (M.L.); (M.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Hellas Cena
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Service, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, ICS Maugeri I.R.C.C.S, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Pietro Campiglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
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De Santis S, Liso M, Vacca M, Verna G, Cavalcanti E, Coletta S, Calabrese FM, Eri R, Lippolis A, Armentano R, Mastronardi M, De Angelis M, Chieppa M. Dysbiosis Triggers ACF Development in Genetically Predisposed Subjects. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020283. [PMID: 33466665 PMCID: PMC7828790 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide, characterized by a multifactorial etiology including genetics, lifestyle, and environmental factors including microbiota composition. To address the role of microbial modulation in CRC, we used our recently established mouse model (the Winnie-APCMin/+) combining inflammation and genetics. METHODS Gut microbiota profiling was performed on 8-week-old Winnie-APCMin/+ mice and their littermates by 16S rDNA gene amplicon sequencing. Moreover, to study the impact of dysbiosis induced by the mother's genetics in ACF development, the large intestines of APCMin/+ mice born from wild type mice were investigated by histological analysis at 8 weeks. RESULTS ACF development in 8-week-old Winnie-APCMin/+ mice was triggered by dysbiosis. Specifically, the onset of ACF in genetically predisposed mice may result from dysbiotic signatures in the gastrointestinal tract of the breeders. Additionally, fecal transplant from Winnie donors to APCMin/+ hosts leads to an increased rate of ACF development. CONCLUSIONS The characterization of microbiota profiling supporting CRC development in genetically predisposed mice could help to design therapeutic strategies to prevent dysbiosis. The application of these strategies in mothers during pregnancy and lactation could also reduce the CRC risk in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania De Santis
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Marina Liso
- Research Department, National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis”, Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (M.L.); (E.C.); (S.C.); (A.L.); (R.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Mirco Vacca
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.V.); (F.M.C.)
| | - Giulio Verna
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Cavalcanti
- Research Department, National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis”, Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (M.L.); (E.C.); (S.C.); (A.L.); (R.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Sergio Coletta
- Research Department, National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis”, Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (M.L.); (E.C.); (S.C.); (A.L.); (R.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Francesco Maria Calabrese
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.V.); (F.M.C.)
| | - Rajaraman Eri
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia;
| | - Antonio Lippolis
- Research Department, National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis”, Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (M.L.); (E.C.); (S.C.); (A.L.); (R.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Raffaele Armentano
- Research Department, National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis”, Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (M.L.); (E.C.); (S.C.); (A.L.); (R.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Mauro Mastronardi
- Research Department, National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis”, Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (M.L.); (E.C.); (S.C.); (A.L.); (R.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Maria De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.V.); (F.M.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.D.A.); (M.C.); Tel.: +39-080-544-2949 (M.D.A.); +39-080-499-4628 (M.C.)
| | - Marcello Chieppa
- Research Department, National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis”, Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (M.L.); (E.C.); (S.C.); (A.L.); (R.A.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: (M.D.A.); (M.C.); Tel.: +39-080-544-2949 (M.D.A.); +39-080-499-4628 (M.C.)
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Fabiani R, Vella N, Rosignoli P. Epigenetic Modifications Induced by Olive Oil and Its Phenolic Compounds: A Systematic Review. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020273. [PMID: 33430487 PMCID: PMC7826507 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies demonstrated that olive oil (especially extra virgin olive oil: EVOO) phenolic compounds are bioactive molecules with anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging and neuroprotective activities. These effects have been recently attributed to the ability of these compounds to induce epigenetics modifications such as miRNAs expression, DNA methylation and histone modifications. In this study, we systematically review and discuss, following the PRISMA statements, the epigenetic modifications induced by EVOO and its phenols in different experimental systems. At the end of literature search through “PubMed”, “Web of Science” and “Scopus”, 43 studies were selected.Among them, 22 studies reported data on miRNAs, 15 on DNA methylation and 13 on histone modification. Most of the “epigenomic” changes observed in response to olive oil phenols’ exposure were mechanistically associated with the cancer preventive and anti-inflammatory effects. In many cases, the epigenetics effects regarding the DNA methylation were demonstrated for olive oil but without any indication regarding the presence or not of phenols. Overall, the findings of the present systematic review may have important implications for understanding the epigenetic mechanisms behind the health effects of olive oil. However, generally no direct evidence was provided for the causal relationships between epigenetics modification and EVOO health related effects. Further studies are necessary to demonstrate the real physiological consequences of the epigenetics modification induced by EVOO and its phenolic compounds.
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Gene Expression Alterations Associated with Oleuropein-Induced Antiproliferative Effects and S-Phase Cell Cycle Arrest in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123755. [PMID: 33297339 PMCID: PMC7762327 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is known that the Mediterranean diet is effective in reducing the risk of several chronic diseases, including cancer. A critical component of the Mediterranean diet is olive oil, and the relationship between olive oil consumption and the reduced risk of cancer has been established. Oleuropein (OL) is the most prominent polyphenol component of olive fruits and leaves. This compound has been shown to have potent properties in various types of cancers, including breast cancer. In the present study, the molecular mechanism of OL was examined in two racially different triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines-African American (AA, MDA-MB-468) and Caucasian American (CA, MDA-MB-231). The data obtained showed that OL effectively inhibits cell growth in both cell lines, concomitant with S-phase cell cycle arrest-mediated apoptosis. The results also showed that OL-treated MDA-MB-468 cells were two-fold more sensitive to OL antiproliferative effect than MDA-MB-231 cells were. At lower concentrations, OL modified the expression of many apoptosis-involved genes. OL was more effective in MDA-MB-468, compared to MDA-MB-231 cells, in terms of the number and the fold-change of the altered genes. In MDA-MB-468 cells, OL induced a noticeable transcription activation in fourteen genes, including two members of the caspase family: caspase 1 (CASP1) and caspase 14 (CASP14); two members of the TNF receptor superfamily: Fas-associated via death domain (FADD) and TNF receptor superfamily 21 (TNFRSF21); six other proapoptotic genes: growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible 45 alpha (GADD45A), cytochrome c somatic (CYCS), BCL-2 interacting protein 2 (BNIP2), BCL-2 interacting protein 3 (BNIP3), BH3 interacting domain death agonist (BID), and B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 10 (BCL10); and the CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator (CFLAR) gene. Moreover, in MDA-MB-468 cells, OL induced a significant upregulation in two antiapoptotic genes: bifunctional apoptosis regulator (BFAR) and B-Raf proto-oncogene (BRAF) and a baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) repeat-containing 3 (BIRC3). On the contrary, in MDA-MB-231 cells, OL showed mixed impacts on gene expression. OL significantly upregulated the mRNA expression of four genes: BIRC3, receptor-interacting serine/threonine kinase 2 (RIPK2), TNF receptor superfamily 10A (TNFRSF10A), and caspase 4 (CASP4). Additionally, another four genes were repressed, including caspase 6 (CASP6), pyrin domain (PYD), and caspase recruitment domain (CARD)-containing (PAYCARD), baculoviral IAP repeat-containing 5 (BIRC5), and the most downregulated TNF receptor superfamily member 11B (TNFRSF11B, 16.34-fold). In conclusion, the data obtained indicate that the two cell lines were markedly different in the anticancer effect and mechanisms of oleuropein's ability to alter apoptosis-related gene expressions. The results obtained from this study should also guide the potential utilization of oleuropein as an adjunct therapy for TNBC to increase chemotherapy effectiveness and prevent cancer progression.
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Wide Biological Role of Hydroxytyrosol: Possible Therapeutic and Preventive Properties in Cardiovascular Diseases. Cells 2020; 9:cells9091932. [PMID: 32825589 PMCID: PMC7565717 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has promoted investigations of natural molecules that could prevent and treat CVD. Among these, hydroxytyrosol, a polyphenolic compound of olive oil, is well known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-atherogenic effects. Its strong antioxidant properties are due to the scavenging of radicals and the stimulation of synthesis and activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, HO-1, NOS, COX-2, GSH), which also limit the lipid peroxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, a hallmark of atherosclerosis. Lowered inflammation and oxidative stress and an improved lipid profile were also demonstrated in healthy subjects as well as in metabolic syndrome patients after hydroxytyrosol (HT) supplementation. These results might open a new therapeutic scenario through personalized supplementation of HT in CVDs. This review is the first attempt to collect together scientific literature on HT in both in vitro and in vivo models, as well as in human clinical studies, describing its potential biological effects for cardiovascular health.
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Stefania DS, Clodoveo ML, Cariello M, D'Amato G, Franchini C, Faienza MF, Corbo F. Polyphenols and obesity prevention: critical insights on molecular regulation, bioavailability and dose in preclinical and clinical settings. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:1804-1826. [PMID: 32436425 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1765736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity represents one of the most important public health challenges of the 21st century and is characterized by a multifactorial etiology in which environmental, behavioral, metabolic, and genetic factors work together. Despite the rapid increase in prevalence of obesity in the last decades, especially in children, it remains a preventable disease. To battle obesity a multisector approach promoting healthier lifestyle in terms of physical activity and nutrition is needed. Specifically, biologically active dietary compounds, as polyphenols, are able to modulate the expression of genes involved in the development and progression of obesity and its comorbidities as demonstrated by multiple studies using different obesity models. However, human studies focusing on the transcriptomic modulation by polyphenols in obese patients are still limited and do not often recapitulate the results obtained in preclinical setting likely due to the underestimation of some variables such as bioavailability, dose and form (native vs. metabolized) of polyphenols used. The aim of this review is to summarize the state-of-art of nutrigenomic in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo studies as well as clinical trials based on dietary polyphenols to fight obesity. We also critical discuss the variables to be considered to fill the gap between preclinical and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- De Santis Stefania
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - M L Clodoveo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - M Cariello
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - G D'Amato
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Di Venere Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - C Franchini
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - M F Faienza
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - F Corbo
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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