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Drwal A, Pałka T, Tota L, Wiecha S, Čech P, Strzała M, Maciejczyk M. Acute effects of multi-ingredient pre-workout dietary supplement on anaerobic performance in untrained men: a randomized, crossover, single blind study. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2024; 16:128. [PMID: 38853269 PMCID: PMC11163698 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-024-00918-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multi-ingredient pre-workout dietary supplements (MIPS), which are combinations of different ingredients acting on different physiological mechanisms, can have a synergistic effect and improve performance. The aim of the study was to determine the acute effects of a multi-ingredient pre-workout supplement containing: beta-alanine, taurine, caffeine, L-tyrosine, and cayenne pepper (capsaicin) on anaerobic performance. METHODS A randomized, crossover, single-blind study was designed. Twelve young, healthy, untrained men aged 22.4 ± 1.44 years participated in the study. The participants performed a supramaximal all-out test (20 s Wingate test) twice, day by day, in random order: test after placebo or MIPS consumption. In both trials, the following variables were measured in the exercise test: total work performed, peak power, mean power, time to reach peak power, and power decrease. RESULTS MIPS was found to be effective in improving peak power (p = 0.009, ES = 0.77) and mean power (p = 0.04, ES = 0.62) in the Wingate test. However, the supplement consumption did not affect the amount of total work done (p = 0.10, ES = 0.48) in the test or power decrease (p = 0.07, ES = 0.53). The data indicate, that the improvement in anaerobic power was due to a significant improvement in pedaling speed, which was manifested in a significant improvement (i.e. shortening) in time to peak power (p = 0.003, ES = 0.88). CONCLUSION A multi-ingredient pre-workout dietary supplement was found to be effective in improving Wingate (anaerobic) performance. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT06363669, retrospectively registered on 11.04.2024 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander Drwal
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Physical Education, Kraków, Poland
| | - Tomasz Pałka
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Physical Education, Kraków, Poland
| | - Lukasz Tota
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Physical Education, Kraków, Poland
| | - Szczepan Wiecha
- Department of Physical Education and Health, Faculty in Biala Podlaska, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pavol Čech
- Department of Educology and Sport, University of Presov, Presov, Slovakia
| | - Marek Strzała
- Department of Water Sports, University of Physical Education, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcin Maciejczyk
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Physical Education, Kraków, Poland.
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Volpe-Fix AR, de França E, Silvestre JC, Thomatieli-Santos RV. The Use of Some Polyphenols in the Modulation of Muscle Damage and Inflammation Induced by Physical Exercise: A Review. Foods 2023; 12:foods12050916. [PMID: 36900433 PMCID: PMC10001084 DOI: 10.3390/foods12050916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Food bioactive compounds (FBC) comprise a vast class of substances, including polyphenols, with different chemical structures, and they exert physiological effects on individuals who consume them, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action. The primary food sources of the compounds are fruits, vegetables, wines, teas, seasonings, and spices, and there are still no daily recommendations for their intake. Depending on the intensity and volume, physical exercise can stimulate oxidative stress and muscle inflammation to generate muscle recovery. However, little is known about the role that polyphenols may have in the process of injury, inflammation, and muscle regeneration. This review aimed to relate the effects of supplementation with mentation with some polyphenols in oxidative stress and post-exercise inflammatory markers. The consulted papers suggest that supplementation with 74 to 900 mg of cocoa, 250 to 1000 mg of green tea extract for around 4 weeks, and 90 mg for up to 5 days of curcumin can attenuate cell damage and inflammation of stress markers of oxidative stress during and after exercise. However, regarding anthocyanins, quercetins, and resveratrol, the results are conflicting. Based on these findings, the new reflection that was made is the possible impact of supplementation associating several FBCs simultaneously. Finally, the benefits discussed here do not consider the existing divergences in the literature. Some contradictions are inherent in the few studies carried out so far. Methodological limitations, such as supplementation time, doses used, forms of supplementation, different exercise protocols, and collection times, create barriers to knowledge consolidation and must be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elias de França
- Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-070, Brazil
| | - Jean Carlos Silvestre
- Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-070, Brazil
- Campus Rosinha Viegas, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos 11045-002, Brazil
- Center for Applied Social Sciences, Universidade Católica de Santos, Santos 11015-002, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Vagner Thomatieli-Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-070, Brazil
- Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-070, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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Effect of Inonotus obliquus Extract Supplementation on Endurance Exercise and Energy-Consuming Processes through Lipid Transport in Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235007. [PMID: 36501037 PMCID: PMC9737630 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inonotus obliquus (IO) is used as functional food to treat diabetes. This study investigated the effect of IO supplementation on body composition in relation to changes in energy expenditure and exercise performance. Male Institute of Cancer Research mice were divided into four groups (n = 8 per group) and orally administered IO once daily for 6 wk at 0 (vehicle), 824 (IO-1×), 1648 (IO-2×), and 2472 mg/kg (IO-3×). IO supplementation increased muscle volume, exhaustive treadmill time, and glycogen storage in mice. Serum free fatty acid levels after acute exercise improved in the IO supplementation group, which exhibited changes in energy expenditure through the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) pathway. RNA sequencing revealed significantly increased PPAR signaling; phenylalanine, ascorbate, aldarate, and cholesterol metabolism; chemical carcinogenesis; and ergosterol biosynthesis in the IO group compared with the vehicle group. Thus, IO supplements as nutraceuticals have a positive effect on lipid transport and exercise performance. In addition, this study was only IO supplementation without training-related procedures.
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Post A, Kremer D, Groothof D, van der Veen Y, de Blaauw P, van der Krogt J, Kema IP, Westerhuis R, Heiner-Fokkema MR, Bakker SJL, Franssen CFM. Amino Acid Homeostasis and Fatigue in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142810. [PMID: 35889768 PMCID: PMC9318329 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients dependent on chronic hemodialysis treatment are prone to malnutrition, at least in part due to insufficient nutrient intake, metabolic derangements, and chronic inflammation. Losses of amino acids during hemodialysis may be an important additional contributor. In this study, we assessed changes in plasma amino acid concentrations during hemodialysis, quantified intradialytic amino acid losses, and investigated whether plasma amino acid concentrations and amino acid losses by hemodialysis and urinary excretion are associated with fatigue. The study included a total of 59 hemodialysis patients (65 ± 15 years, 63% male) and 33 healthy kidney donors as controls (54 ± 10 years, 45% male). Total plasma essential amino acid concentration before hemodialysis was lower in hemodialysis patients compared with controls (p = 0.006), while total non-essential amino acid concentration did not differ. Daily amino acid losses were 4.0 ± 1.3 g/24 h for hemodialysis patients and 0.6 ± 0.3 g/24 h for controls. Expressed as proportion of protein intake, daily amino acid losses of hemodialysis patients were 6.7 ± 2.4% of the total protein intake, compared to 0.7 ± 0.3% for controls (p < 0.001). Multivariable regression analyses demonstrated that hemodialysis efficacy (Kt/V) was the primary determinant of amino acid losses (Std. β = 0.51; p < 0.001). In logistic regression analyses, higher plasma proline concentrations were associated with higher odds of severe fatigue (OR (95% CI) per SD increment: 3.0 (1.3; 9.3); p = 0.03), while higher taurine concentrations were associated with lower odds of severe fatigue (OR (95% CI) per log2 increment: 0.3 (0.1; 0.7); p = 0.01). Similarly, higher daily taurine losses were also associated with lower odds of severe fatigue (OR (95% CI) per log2 increment: 0.64 (0.42; 0.93); p = 0.03). Lastly, a higher protein intake was associated with lower odds of severe fatigue (OR (95% CI) per SD increment: 0.2 (0.04; 0.5); p = 0.007). Future studies are warranted to investigate the mechanisms underlying these associations and investigate the potential of taurine supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Post
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (D.K.); (D.G.); (Y.v.d.V.); (S.J.L.B.); (C.F.M.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-649-653-442
| | - Daan Kremer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (D.K.); (D.G.); (Y.v.d.V.); (S.J.L.B.); (C.F.M.F.)
| | - Dion Groothof
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (D.K.); (D.G.); (Y.v.d.V.); (S.J.L.B.); (C.F.M.F.)
| | - Yvonne van der Veen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (D.K.); (D.G.); (Y.v.d.V.); (S.J.L.B.); (C.F.M.F.)
| | - Pim de Blaauw
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (P.d.B.); (J.v.d.K.); (I.P.K.); (M.R.H.-F.)
| | - Jennifer van der Krogt
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (P.d.B.); (J.v.d.K.); (I.P.K.); (M.R.H.-F.)
| | - Ido P. Kema
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (P.d.B.); (J.v.d.K.); (I.P.K.); (M.R.H.-F.)
| | - Ralf Westerhuis
- Dialysis Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - M. Rebecca Heiner-Fokkema
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (P.d.B.); (J.v.d.K.); (I.P.K.); (M.R.H.-F.)
| | - Stephan J. L. Bakker
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (D.K.); (D.G.); (Y.v.d.V.); (S.J.L.B.); (C.F.M.F.)
| | - Casper F. M. Franssen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (D.K.); (D.G.); (Y.v.d.V.); (S.J.L.B.); (C.F.M.F.)
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Buzdağlı Y, Eyipınar CD, Tekin A, Şıktar E, Zydecka KS. Effect of Taurine Supplement on Aerobic and Anaerobic Outcomes: Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Strength Cond J 2022. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Effects of Multi-Ingredient Pre-Workout Supplement and Caffeine on Bench Press Performance: A Single-Blind Cross-Over Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091750. [PMID: 35565718 PMCID: PMC9105861 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The problem addressed in this study is the appropriateness of using different pre-training supplementation strategies and their ability to improve training performance and psychological measures. The aim of the study is the evaluation of the effectiveness of a multi-ingredient pre-workout supplement (MIPS) containing beta-alanine, L-citrulline malate, arginine alpha-ketoglutarate, L-taurine, L-tyrosine and caffeine compared to an exact dosage of anhydrous caffeine in bench press strength endurance, feeling scale (FS), felt arousal scale (FAS) and session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE). A group of fifteen resistance-trained males, weighing 83.92 ± 8.95 kg and having an average of 5.6 ± 3.38 years of training experience, tested their bench press 10 repetition maximum (79.01 ± 12.13). In a cross-over manner, they participated in two sessions where they were blinded to the order of supplementation they were given: either a MIPS including caffeine or caffeine alone. They completed the bench press strength endurance test with pre- and post-training psychological assessments containing FS, FAS and sRPE. Bench press repetition volume was greater after anhydrous caffeine than MIPS supplementation with no difference in psychological measures. These results indicate that MIPS supplementation is less ergogenic and cost effective than caffeine alone.
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Taurine supplementation enhances endurance capacity by delaying blood glucose decline during prolonged exercise in rats. Amino Acids 2022; 54:251-260. [PMID: 35122528 PMCID: PMC8894168 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03110-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Taurine enhances physical performance; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study examined the effect of taurine on the overtime dynamics of blood glucose concentration (BGC) during endurance exercise in rats. Male F344 rats were subjected to transient treadmill exercise until exhaustion following 3 weeks of taurine supplementation or non-supplementation (TAU and CON groups). Every 10 min during exercise, BGC was measured in blood collected through cannulation of the jugular vein. Gluconeogenesis-, lipolysis-, and fatty acid oxidation-related factors in the plasma, liver, and skeletal muscles were also analyzed after 120-min run. Exercise time to exhaustion was significantly longer with taurine supplementation. BGC in the two groups significantly increased by 40 min and gradually and significantly decreased toward the respective exhaustion point. The decline in BGC from the peak at 40 min was significantly slower in the TAU group. The time when the once-increased BGC regressed to the 0-time level was significantly and positively correlated with exercise time until exhaustion. At the 120-min point, where the difference in BGC between the two groups was most significant, plasma free fatty acid concentration and acetyl-carnitine and N-acetyltaurine concentrations in skeletal muscle were significantly higher in the TAU group, whereas glycogen and glucogenic amino acid concentrations and G6Pase activity in the liver were not different between the two groups. Taurine supplementation enhances endurance capacity by delaying the decrease in BGC toward exhaustion through increases of lipolysis in adipose tissues and fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscles during endurance exercise.
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8
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Kp AD, Martin A. Recent insights into the molecular regulators and mechanisms of taurine to modulate lipid metabolism: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:6005-6017. [PMID: 35040723 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2026873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism disorders such as hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia are risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and atherosclerosis that are grave public health issues. Taurine, a sulfur-containing non-essential amino acid exerts a wide range of physiological effects that regulate lipid metabolic disorders. Although the effects of taurine on lipid-lowering have been reported in animals and humans, mechanisms elucidating the lipid-lowering action of taurine remain unclear. A series of molecular regulators associated with lipid metabolism have been identified in the past few decades. These include nuclear receptors, transcription factors, and enzymes that undergo important changes during taurine treatment. In this review, we focus on the role of taurine in lipid metabolism and discuss taurine-related interventions in combating lipid disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arya Devi Kp
- Department of Food Safety and Analytical Quality Control Laboratory, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Asha Martin
- Department of Food Safety and Analytical Quality Control Laboratory, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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9
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Kalia S, Nath P, Pathak M, Anand AC. Treatment of Muscle Cramps in Patients With Cirrhosis of Liver: A Systematic Review. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2022; 12:980-992. [PMID: 35677500 PMCID: PMC9168737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2021.10.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscle cramps are witnessed in 22-88% of patients with cirrhosis of liver and frequently lead to sleep disturbance with an appalling impact on quality of life. Despite such a high prevalence, there is lack of evidence-based management protocol due to scarcity of trials on treatment options in the literature. This study aimed to review systematically the available therapeutic options for muscle cramps in patients with cirrhosis of liver. METHODS A systematic review of the relevant databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science) to identify treatments for muscle cramps in patients with hepatic cirrhosis was performed. Studies meeting the selection criteria were reviewed and assessed for risk of bias and analyzed. RESULTS Twenty-four publications were identified as eligible for inclusion in this systematic review. Seven randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 17 prospective studies were included. Taurine, methocarbamol, baclofen, and orphenadrine are relatively safer and effective treatment option for muscle cramps in cirrhosis on the basis of recently conducted RCTs. Moreover, l-carnitine, branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), pregabalin, zinc, and vitamin D are also safe and showed beneficial effects on muscle cramps. However, studies on vitamin E revealed contradictory results. CONCLUSION Taurine, BCAAs, orphenadrine, and baclofen are safe and well-tolerated treatment options for muscle cramps in cirrhosis. However, well-designed randomized controlled clinical trials are the need of the hour to determine the most suitable treatment options for skeletal muscle cramps in patients with cirrhosis of liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivam Kalia
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Preetam Nath
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India,Address for correspondence: Preetam Nath, Associate Professor, Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India.
| | - Mona Pathak
- Department of Biostatistics, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Anil C. Anand
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
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De Carvalho FG, Batitucci G, Abud GF, de Freitas EC. Taurine and Exercise: Synergistic Effects on Adipose Tissue Metabolism and Inflammatory Process in Obesity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1370:279-289. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-93337-1_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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The Effects of TRX Suspension Training Combined with Taurine Supplementation on Body Composition, Glycemic and Lipid Markers in Women with Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113958. [PMID: 34836211 PMCID: PMC8621658 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We aimed to investigate the effects of an 8-week total-body resistance exercise (TRX) suspension training intervention combined with taurine supplementation on body composition, blood glucose, and lipid markers in T2D females. Methods: Forty T2D middle-aged females (age: 53 ± 5 years, body mass = 84.3 ± 5.1 kg) were randomly assigned to four groups, TRX suspension training + placebo (TP; n = 10), TRX suspension training + taurine supplementation (TT; n = 10), taurine supplementation (T; n = 10), or control (C; n = 10). Body composition (body mass, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BFP)), blood glucose (fasting blood sugar (FBS)), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), Insulin, and Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and lipid markers (low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (TC)) were evaluated prior to and after interventions. Results: All three interventions significantly decreased body mass, BMI, and BFP with no changes between them for body mass and BMI; however, BFP changes in the TT group were significantly greater than all other groups. FBS was significantly reduced in TP and TT. Insulin concentrations’ decrement were significantly greater in all experimental groups compared to C; however, no between group differences were observed between TT, TP, and T. In regards to HOMA-IR, decreases in TT were significantly greater than all other groups TG, HbA1c, and LDL were reduced following all interventions. HDL values significantly increased only in the TT group, while TC significantly decreased in TP and TT groups. Changes in HbA1c, TG, HDL, and TC were significantly greater in the TT compared to all other groups. Conclusions: TRX training improved glycemic and lipid profiles, while taurine supplementation alone failed to show hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties. Notably, the synergic effects of TRX training and taurine supplementation were shown in HbA1c, HOMA-IR, TG, TC, HDL, and BFP changes. Our outcomes suggest that TRX training + taurine supplementation may be an effective adjuvant therapy in individuals with T2D.
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12
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Chen Q, Li Z, Pinho RA, Gupta RC, Ugbolue UC, Thirupathi A, Gu Y. The Dose Response of Taurine on Aerobic and Strength Exercises: A Systematic Review. Front Physiol 2021; 12:700352. [PMID: 34497536 PMCID: PMC8419774 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.700352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Taurine is a naturally occurring amino acid involved in various functions, including regulating ion channels, cell volume, and membrane stabilization. However, how this molecule orchestrates such functions is unknown, particularly the dose response in exercised muscles. Therefore, this review aimed to systematically review the dose response of taurine on both aerobic and strength exercise performance. In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, relevant articles were sought on PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, and Google Scholar using related terms, including taurine, exercise performance, exercise, muscle, physical training, running, strength, endurance exercise, resistance exercise, aerobic exercise, and swimming. Ten articles were retrieved, reviewed, and subjected to systematic analysis. The following parameters were used to assess exercise performance in the selected studies: creatine kinase (CK), lactic acid dehydrogenase, carbohydrate, fat, glycerol, malondialdehyde, enzymatic antioxidants, blood pH, taurine level, and muscular strength. From the selected literature, we observed that taurine supplementation (2 g three times daily) with exercise can decrease DNA damage. Furthermore, 1 g of acute taurine administration before or after exercise can decrease lactate levels. However, acute administration of taurine (6 g) at a high dose before the start of exercise had no effect on reducing lactate level, but increased glycerol levels, suggesting that taurine could be an effective agent for prolonged activities, particularly at higher intensities. However, further studies are warranted to establish the role of taurine in fat metabolism during exercise. Finally, we observed that a low dose of taurine (0.05 g) before performing strength enhancing exercises can decrease muscular fatigue and increase enzymatic antioxidants. Systematic Review Registration:http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, PROSPERO (CRD42021225243).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ricardo A Pinho
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry in Health, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Ramesh C Gupta
- School of Agricultural Sciences and Rural Development (SASRD), Nagaland University, Medziphema, India
| | - Ukadike C Ugbolue
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Blantyre, United Kingdom
| | | | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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De Carvalho FG, Muñoz VR, Brandao CFC, Simabuco FM, Pavan ICB, Nakandakari SCBR, Pauli JR, De Moura LP, Ropelle ER, Marchini JS, da Silva ASR, de Freitas EC. Taurine upregulates insulin signaling and mitochondrial metabolism in vitro but not in adipocytes of obese women. Nutrition 2021; 93:111430. [PMID: 34479044 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Based on taurine's beneficial roles in metabolic diseases in rodents and obese individuals, we investigated the effects of taurine supplementation on adipose tissue using transcriptome analysis, 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) of obese women. METHODS First, we applied bioinformatics analysis to evaluate the effect of the taurine synthesis pathway on the adipose tissue of several BXD mice strains. After that, using 3T3-L1 adipocytes, we investigated the effects of different taurine doses in proteins related to insulin signaling, lipid oxidation, and mitochondrial function. Finally, we evaluated the effects of taurine supplementation (3 grams, 8 wk) on the same proteins in the scWAT of obese women. RESULTS The transcriptome analysis showed that the taurine biosynthesis pathway was positively associated with insulin signaling and mitochondrial metabolism in the scWAT of BXD mice. The experiments using 3T3-L1 cells highlighted that the taurine dosage has an essential function in taurine synthesis, insulin, and mitochondrial markers. In contrast, the 8-wk taurine administration did not change the basal insulin, proteins of the taurine synthesis or insulin pathways, lipid oxidation, or mitochondrial metabolism in the scWAT of obese women. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, to our knowledge, we showed that supplementation with 3 g of taurine for 8 wk promoted no effect in the insulin signaling pathway in the scWAT of obese women. These findings bring new perspectives to investigate different taurine doses and the intervention period for human studies owing to the potential antiobesity activity of taurine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia G De Carvalho
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.
| | - Vitor R Muñoz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil.
| | - Camila F C Brandao
- Internal Medicine Department, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil; State University of Minas Gerais, Divinopolis unit, Divinopolis, Brazil.
| | - Fernando M Simabuco
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil.
| | - Isadora C B Pavan
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil; Laboratory of Signaling Mechanisms, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
| | | | - José Rodrigo Pauli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil.
| | - Leandro P De Moura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo R Ropelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil.
| | - Julio Sergio Marchini
- Internal Medicine Department, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.
| | - Adelino S R da Silva
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.
| | - Ellen C de Freitas
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.
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Kurtz JA, VanDusseldorp TA, Doyle JA, Otis JS. Taurine in sports and exercise. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2021; 18:39. [PMID: 34039357 PMCID: PMC8152067 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-021-00438-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taurine has become a popular supplement among athletes attempting to improve performance. While the effectiveness of taurine as an ergogenic aid remains controversial, this paper summarizes the current evidence regarding the efficacy of taurine in aerobic and anaerobic performance, metabolic stress, muscle soreness, and recovery. METHODS Google Scholar, Web of Science, and MedLine (PubMed) searches were conducted through September 2020. Peer-reviewed studies that investigated taurine as a single ingredient at dosages of < 1 g - 6 g, ranging from 10 to 15 min-to-2 h prior to exercise bout or chronic dose (7 days- 8 weeks) of consumption were included. Articles were excluded if taurine was not the primary or only ingredient in a supplement or food source, not published in peer-reviewed journals, if participants were older than 50 years, articles published before 1999, animal studies, or included participants with health issues. A total of 19 studies met the inclusion criteria for the review. RESULTS Key results include improvements in the following: VO2max, time to exhaustion (TTE; n = 5 articles), 3 or 4 km time-trial (n = 2 articles), anaerobic performance (n = 7 articles), muscle damage (n = 3 articles), peak power (n = 2 articles), recovery (n = 1 article). Taurine also caused a change in metabolites: decrease in lactate, creatine kinase, phosphorus, inflammatory markers, and improved glycolytic/fat oxidation markers (n = 5 articles). Taurine dosing appears to be effective at ~ 1-3 g/day acutely across a span of 6-15 days (1-3 h before an activity) which may improve aerobic performance (TTE), anaerobic performance (strength, power), recovery (DOMS), and a decrease in metabolic markers (creatine kinase, lactate, inorganic phosphate). CONCLUSIONS Limited and varied findings prohibit definitive conclusions regarding the efficacy of taurine on aerobic and anaerobic performance and metabolic outcomes. There are mixed findings for the effect of taurine consumption on improving recovery from training bouts and/or mitigating muscle damage. The timing of taurine ingestion as well as the type of exercise protocol performed may contribute to the effectiveness of taurine as an ergogenic aid. More investigations are needed to better understand the potential effects of taurine supplementation on aerobic and anaerobic performance, muscle damage, metabolic stress, and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Kurtz
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Georgia State University, 125 Decatur Street, Suite 137, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
| | - Trisha A. VanDusseldorp
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144 USA
| | - J. Andrew Doyle
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Georgia State University, 125 Decatur Street, Suite 137, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
| | - Jeffrey S. Otis
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Georgia State University, 125 Decatur Street, Suite 137, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
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15
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Simmonds R, Cole J, Tallent J, Jeffries O, Theis N, Waldron M. Physiological and thermoregulatory effects of oral taurine supplementation on exercise tolerance during forced convective cooling. Eur J Sport Sci 2020; 22:209-217. [PMID: 33357070 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2020.1858175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWe investigated the effects of taurine supplementation on cycling time to exhaustion in cold conditions. Eleven males cycled to exhaustion at a power output equivalent to the mid-point between ventilatory threshold and maximum aerobic power following 15-min rest in the cold (apparent temperature of ∼ 4°C; air flow of 4.17 m s-1). Two hours before, participants ingested taurine (50 mg·kg-1) or placebo beverage. Pulmonary gases, carbohydrate (CHO) and fat oxidation, body temperatures, mean local sweat rate, heart rate, rate of perceived exertion (RPE) and thermal comfort were recorded. Time to exhaustion was not different between trials (taurine = 14.6 ± 4.7 min; placebo = 13.4 ± 5.6 min, P = 0.061, d = 0.27). There were no effects (P > 0.05) of taurine on core temperature, mean skin temperature or local sweat rates. However, the placebo condition showed greater (P < 0.05) reductions in arm-to-finger temperature gradient (i.e. vasodilation) across pre-exercise passive cold exposure and increased CHO oxidation (P < 0.05). Participants also reached a thermally 'comfortable' level quicker in the taurine condition (P < 0.05). A 50 mg·kg-1 dose of taurine did not statistically benefit endurance exercise after moderate cold exposure but conferred some potential vascular and metabolic effects.Highlights In the first study to examine the effects of acute taurine supplementation on exercise performance in cold conditions, we found no significant effects on exercise performance, despite the small effect size.We found preliminary evidence of effects on metabolism during exercise, with taurine supplementation moderately reducing whole-body CHO oxidation rate.Supplementation of taurine also conferred possible skin vascular effects, which was indicative of less vasodilation (or greater sustained vascular tone) when presented with a cold environmental stimulus.Future research should extend these findings to prolonged exercise at colder body temperatures, where the small effects revealed here could have greater influence on human performance and cold tolerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Simmonds
- School of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St Mary's University, London, UK
| | - James Cole
- School of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St Mary's University, London, UK
| | - Jamie Tallent
- School of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St Mary's University, London, UK
| | - Owen Jeffries
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Nicola Theis
- School of Sport and Exercise, University of Gloucestershire, Gloucestershire, UK
| | - Mark Waldron
- A-STEM Centre, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.,School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, Australia.,Welsh Institute of Performance Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
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De Carvalho FG, Brandao CFC, Batitucci G, Souza ADO, Ferrari GD, Alberici LC, Muñoz VR, Pauli JR, De Moura LP, Ropelle ER, da Silva ASR, Junqueira-Franco MVM, Marchini JS, de Freitas EC. Taurine supplementation associated with exercise increases mitochondrial activity and fatty acid oxidation gene expression in the subcutaneous white adipose tissue of obese women. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:2180-2187. [PMID: 33051044 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of taurine supplementation associated or not with chronic exercise on body composition, mitochondrial function, and expression of genes related to mitochondrial activity and lipid oxidation in the subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) of obese women. METHODS A randomized and double-blind trial was developed with 24 obese women (BMI 33.1 ± 2.9 kg/m2, 32.9 ± 6.3 y) randomized into three groups: Taurine supplementation group (Tau, n = 8); Exercise group (Ex, n = 8); Taurine supplementation + exercise group (TauEx, n = 8). The intervention was composed of 3 g of taurine or placebo supplementation and exercise training for eight weeks. Anthropometry, body fat composition, indirect calorimetry, scWAT biopsy for mitochondrial respiration, and gene expression related to mitochondrial activity and lipid oxidation were assessed before and after the intervention. RESULTS No changes were observed for the anthropometric characteristics. The Ex group presented an increased resting energy expenditure rate, and the TauEx and Ex groups presented increased lipid oxidation and a decreased respiratory quotient. Both trained groups (TauEx and Ex) demonstrated improved scWAT mitochondrial respiratory capacity. Regarding mitochondrial markers, no changes were observed for the Tau group. The TauEx group had higher expression of CIDEA, PGC1a, PRDM16, UCP1, and UCP2. The genes related to fat oxidation (ACO2 and ACOX1) were increased in the Tau and Ex groups, while only the TauEx group presented increased expression of CPT1, PPARa, PPARγ, LPL, ACO1, ACO2, HSL, ACOX1, and CD36 genes. CONCLUSION Taurine supplementation associated with exercise improved lipid metabolism through the modulation of genes related to mitochondrial activity and fatty acid oxidation, suggesting a browning effect in the scWAT of obese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Giolo De Carvalho
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo -EEFERP USP, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Fernanda Cunha Brandao
- Internal Medicine Department, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo - FMRP USP, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil; State University of Minas Gerais - UEMG, Divinopolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Batitucci
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, State University of Sao Paulo - FCF UNESP, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anderson de Oliveira Souza
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo - FCFRP USP, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Duarte Ferrari
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo - FCFRP USP, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciane Carla Alberici
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo - FCFRP USP, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vitor Rosetto Muñoz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas - FCA UNICAMP, Limeira, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Rodrigo Pauli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas - FCA UNICAMP, Limeira, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro Pereira De Moura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas - FCA UNICAMP, Limeira, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Rochete Ropelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas - FCA UNICAMP, Limeira, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adelino Sanchez Ramos da Silva
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo -EEFERP USP, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Julio Sergio Marchini
- Internal Medicine Department, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo - FMRP USP, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ellen Cristini de Freitas
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo -EEFERP USP, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, State University of Sao Paulo - FCF UNESP, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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