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Sonzogni E, Martinelli G, Fumagalli M, Maranta N, Pozzoli C, Bani C, Marrari LA, Di Lorenzo C, Sangiovanni E, Dell’Agli M, Piazza S. In Vitro Insights into the Dietary Role of Glucoraphanin and Its Metabolite Sulforaphane in Celiac Disease. Nutrients 2024; 16:2743. [PMID: 39203879 PMCID: PMC11357145 DOI: 10.3390/nu16162743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane is considered the bioactive metabolite of glucoraphanin after dietary consumption of broccoli sprouts. Although both molecules pass through the gut lumen to the large intestine in stable form, their biological impact on the first intestinal tract is poorly described. In celiac patients, the function of the small intestine is affected by celiac disease (CD), whose severe outcomes are controlled by gluten-free dietary protocols. Nevertheless, pathological signs of inflammation and oxidative stress may persist. The aim of this study was to compare the biological activity of sulforaphane with its precursor glucoraphanin in a cellular model of gliadin-induced inflammation. Human intestinal epithelial cells (CaCo-2) were stimulated with a pro-inflammatory combination of cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-1β) and in-vitro-digested gliadin, while oxidative stress was induced by H2O2. LC-MS/MS analysis confirmed that sulforaphane from broccoli sprouts was stable after simulated gastrointestinal digestion. It inhibited the release of all chemokines selected as inflammatory read-outs, with a more potent effect against MCP-1 (IC50 = 7.81 µM). On the contrary, glucoraphanin (50 µM) was inactive. The molecules were unable to counteract the oxidative damage to DNA (γ-H2AX) and catalase levels; however, the activity of NF-κB and Nrf-2 was modulated by both molecules. The impact on epithelial permeability (TEER) was also evaluated in a Transwell® model. In the context of a pro-inflammatory combination including gliadin, TEER values were recovered by neither sulforaphane nor glucoraphanin. Conversely, in the context of co-culture with activated macrophages (THP-1), sulforaphane inhibited the release of MCP-1 (IC50 = 20.60 µM) and IL-1β (IC50 = 1.50 µM) only, but both molecules restored epithelial integrity at 50 µM. Our work suggests that glucoraphanin should not merely be considered as just an inert precursor at the small intestine level, thus suggesting a potential interest in the framework of CD. Its biological activity might imply, at least in part, molecular mechanisms different from sulforaphane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Sonzogni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti” (DiSFeB), Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.S.); (G.M.); (M.F.); (N.M.); (C.P.); (C.B.); (C.D.L.); (M.D.); (S.P.)
| | - Giulia Martinelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti” (DiSFeB), Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.S.); (G.M.); (M.F.); (N.M.); (C.P.); (C.B.); (C.D.L.); (M.D.); (S.P.)
| | - Marco Fumagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti” (DiSFeB), Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.S.); (G.M.); (M.F.); (N.M.); (C.P.); (C.B.); (C.D.L.); (M.D.); (S.P.)
| | - Nicole Maranta
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti” (DiSFeB), Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.S.); (G.M.); (M.F.); (N.M.); (C.P.); (C.B.); (C.D.L.); (M.D.); (S.P.)
| | - Carola Pozzoli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti” (DiSFeB), Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.S.); (G.M.); (M.F.); (N.M.); (C.P.); (C.B.); (C.D.L.); (M.D.); (S.P.)
| | - Corinne Bani
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti” (DiSFeB), Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.S.); (G.M.); (M.F.); (N.M.); (C.P.); (C.B.); (C.D.L.); (M.D.); (S.P.)
| | | | - Chiara Di Lorenzo
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti” (DiSFeB), Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.S.); (G.M.); (M.F.); (N.M.); (C.P.); (C.B.); (C.D.L.); (M.D.); (S.P.)
| | - Enrico Sangiovanni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti” (DiSFeB), Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.S.); (G.M.); (M.F.); (N.M.); (C.P.); (C.B.); (C.D.L.); (M.D.); (S.P.)
| | - Mario Dell’Agli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti” (DiSFeB), Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.S.); (G.M.); (M.F.); (N.M.); (C.P.); (C.B.); (C.D.L.); (M.D.); (S.P.)
| | - Stefano Piazza
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti” (DiSFeB), Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.S.); (G.M.); (M.F.); (N.M.); (C.P.); (C.B.); (C.D.L.); (M.D.); (S.P.)
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Kwiecińska-Piróg J, Chomont K, Fydrych D, Stawarz J, Bogiel T, Przekwas J, Gospodarek-Komkowska E. How xylitol, gluten, and lactose change human gut microbiota Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG biofilm. Nutrition 2024; 124:112446. [PMID: 38703635 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The human gut microbiota is composed of many viruses, bacteria, and fungi. Escherichia coli representatives are facultative anaerobic bacteria in the colon that play a crucial role in the metabolism of lactose, vitamin synthesis, and immune system modulation. E. coli forms a biofilm on the epithelial cell surface of the intestine that can be modified by diet compounds, i.e., gluten, xylitol, lactose, and probiotics. METHODS In the present study, the impact of probiotic-derived Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG strain on non-pathogenic E. coli biofilm was examined. The mono- and multispecies biofilm was also treated with gluten, xylitol, and lactose. We used 96-well plates to obtain biofilm growth. Biofilm was stained using crystal violet. To evaluate the type of interaction in mono- and multispecies biofilm, a new formula was introduced: biofilm interaction ratio index (BIRI). To describe the impact of nutrients on biofilm formation, the biofilm formation impact ratio (BFIR) was calculated. RESULTS The biofilms formed by both examined species are stronger than in monocultures. All the BIRI values were above 3.0. It was found that the monospecies biofilm of L. rhamnosus is strongly inhibited by gluten (84.5%) and the monospecies biofilm of E. coli by xylitol (85.5%). The mixed biofilm is inhibited by lactose (78.8%) and gluten (90.6%). CONCLUSION The relations between bacteria in the mixed biofilm led to changes in biofilm formation by E. coli and L. rhamnosus GG. Probiotics might be helpful in rebuilding the gut microbiota after broad spectrum antibiotic therapy, but only if gluten and lactose are excluded from diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kwiecińska-Piróg
- Microbiology Department, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, University of Nicolaus Copernicus in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland; Clinical Microbiology Division, Antoni Jurasz University Hospital no 1 in Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Karolina Chomont
- Microbiology Department, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, University of Nicolaus Copernicus in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Dagmara Fydrych
- Microbiology Department, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, University of Nicolaus Copernicus in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Julita Stawarz
- Clinical Microbiology Division, Antoni Jurasz University Hospital no 1 in Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Bogiel
- Microbiology Department, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, University of Nicolaus Copernicus in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland; Clinical Microbiology Division, Antoni Jurasz University Hospital no 1 in Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jana Przekwas
- Microbiology Department, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, University of Nicolaus Copernicus in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland; Clinical Microbiology Division, Antoni Jurasz University Hospital no 1 in Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Eugenia Gospodarek-Komkowska
- Microbiology Department, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, University of Nicolaus Copernicus in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland; Clinical Microbiology Division, Antoni Jurasz University Hospital no 1 in Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Lange S, Tsohataridis S, Boland N, Ngo L, Hahad O, Münzel T, Wild P, Daiber A, Schuppan D, Lurz P, Keppeler K, Steven S. Effects of Short-Term Gluten-Free Diet on Cardiovascular Biomarkers and Quality of Life in Healthy Individuals: A Prospective Interventional Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:2265. [PMID: 39064708 PMCID: PMC11279490 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The exposome concept includes nutrition as it significantly influences human health, impacting the onset and progression of diseases. Gluten-containing wheat products are an essential source of energy for the world's population. However, a rising number of non-celiac healthy individuals tend to reduce or completely avoid gluten-containing cereals for health reasons. AIM AND METHODS This prospective interventional human study aimed to investigate whether short-term gluten avoidance improves cardiovascular endpoints and quality of life (QoL) in healthy volunteers. A cohort of 27 participants followed a strict gluten-free diet (GFD) for four weeks. Endothelial function measured by flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD), blood testing, plasma proteomics (Olink®) and QoL as measured by the World Health Organisation Quality-of-Life (WHOQOL) survey were investigated. RESULTS GFD resulted in decreased leucocyte count and C-reactive protein levels along with a trend of reduced inflammation biomarkers determined by plasma proteomics. A positive trend indicated improvement in FMD, whereas other cardiovascular endpoints remained unchanged. In addition, no improvement in QoL was observed. CONCLUSION In healthy individuals, a short-term GFD demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects but did not result in overall cardiovascular improvement or enhanced quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lange
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany (S.T.); (O.H.); (T.M.); (A.D.); (P.L.)
| | - Simeon Tsohataridis
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany (S.T.); (O.H.); (T.M.); (A.D.); (P.L.)
| | - Niklas Boland
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany (S.T.); (O.H.); (T.M.); (A.D.); (P.L.)
| | - Lisa Ngo
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany (S.T.); (O.H.); (T.M.); (A.D.); (P.L.)
| | - Omar Hahad
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany (S.T.); (O.H.); (T.M.); (A.D.); (P.L.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany (S.T.); (O.H.); (T.M.); (A.D.); (P.L.)
| | - Philipp Wild
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Medical Prevention, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany (S.T.); (O.H.); (T.M.); (A.D.); (P.L.)
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Philipp Lurz
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany (S.T.); (O.H.); (T.M.); (A.D.); (P.L.)
| | - Karin Keppeler
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany (S.T.); (O.H.); (T.M.); (A.D.); (P.L.)
| | - Sebastian Steven
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany (S.T.); (O.H.); (T.M.); (A.D.); (P.L.)
- Department of Cardiology, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60596 Main, Germany
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Nikoloudaki O, Celano G, Polo A, Cappello C, Granehäll L, Costantini A, Vacca M, Speckmann B, Di Cagno R, Francavilla R, De Angelis M, Gobbetti M. Novel probiotic preparation with in vivo gluten-degrading activity and potential modulatory effects on the gut microbiota. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0352423. [PMID: 38860826 PMCID: PMC11218521 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03524-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Gluten possesses unique properties that render it only partially digestible. Consequently, it exerts detrimental effects on a part of the worldwide population who are afflicted with celiac disease (1%) or related disorders (5%), particularly due to the potential for cross-contamination even when adhering to a gluten-free diet (GFD). Finding solutions to break down gluten during digestion has a high nutritional and social impact. Here, a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled in vivo challenge investigated the gluten-degrading activity of a novel probiotic preparation comprising lactobacilli and their cytoplasmic extracts, Bacillus sp., and bacterial protease. In our clinical trial, we collected feces from 70 healthy volunteers at specific time intervals. Probiotic/placebo administration lasted 32 days, followed by 10 days of wash-out. After preliminary GFD to eliminate residual gluten from feces, increasing amounts of gluten (50 mg-10 g) were administered, each one for 4 consecutive days. Compared to placebo, the feces of volunteers fed with probiotics showed much lower amounts of residual gluten, mainly with increased intakes. Probiotics also regulate the intestinal microbial communities, improving the abundance of genera pivotal to maintaining homeostasis. Quantitative PCR confirmed that all probiotics persisted during the intervention, some also during wash-out. Probiotics promoted a fecal metabolome with potential immunomodulating activity, mainly related to derivatives of branched-chain amino acids and short-chain fatty acids. IMPORTANCE The untapped potential of gluten-degrading bacteria and their application in addressing the recognized limitations of gluten-related disorder management and the ongoing risk of cross-contamination even when people follow a gluten-free diet (GFD) emphasizes the significance of the work. Because gluten, a common protein found in many cereals, must be strictly avoided to stop autoimmune reactions and related health problems, celiac disease and gluten sensitivity present difficult hurdles. However, because of the hidden presence of gluten in many food products and the constant danger of cross-contamination during food preparation and processing, total avoidance is frequently challenging. Our study presents a novel probiotic preparation suitable for people suffering from gluten-related disorders during GFD and for healthy individuals because it enhances gluten digestion and promotes gut microbiota functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Nikoloudaki
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Celano
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Polo
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Claudia Cappello
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Lena Granehäll
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Alice Costantini
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Mirco Vacca
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Raffaella Di Cagno
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Ruggiero Francavilla
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine-Pediatric Section, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Ospedale Pediatrico Giovanni XXIII, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Gobbetti
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
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Renga G, Pariano M, D'Onofrio F, Pieraccini G, Di Serio C, Villella VR, Abbate C, Puccetti M, Giovagnoli S, Stincardini C, Bellet MM, Ricci M, Costantini C, Oikonomou V, Romani L. The immune and microbial homeostasis determines the Candida-mast cells cross-talk in celiac disease. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302441. [PMID: 38719750 PMCID: PMC11079604 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune enteropathy resulting from an interaction between diet, genome, and immunity. Although many patients respond to a gluten-free diet, in a substantive number of individuals, the intestinal injury persists. Thus, other factors might amplify the ongoing inflammation. Candida albicans is a commensal fungus that is well adapted to the intestinal life. However, specific conditions increase Candida pathogenicity. The hypothesis that Candida may be a trigger in CD has been proposed after the observation of similarity between a fungal wall component and two CD-related gliadin T-cell epitopes. However, despite being implicated in intestinal disorders, Candida may also protect against immune pathologies highlighting a more intriguing role in the gut. Herein, we postulated that a state of chronic inflammation associated with microbial dysbiosis and leaky gut are favorable conditions that promote C. albicans pathogenicity eventually contributing to CD pathology via a mast cells (MC)-IL-9 axis. However, the restoration of immune and microbial homeostasis promotes a beneficial C. albicans-MC cross-talk favoring the attenuation of CD pathology to alleviate CD pathology and symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Renga
- https://ror.org/00x27da85 Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marilena Pariano
- https://ror.org/00x27da85 Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Fiorella D'Onofrio
- https://ror.org/00x27da85 Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Di Serio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Valeria Rachela Villella
- European Institute for Research in Cystic Fibrosis (IERFC-Onlus), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Abbate
- European Institute for Research in Cystic Fibrosis (IERFC-Onlus), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Puccetti
- https://ror.org/00x27da85 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Giovagnoli
- https://ror.org/00x27da85 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Claudia Stincardini
- https://ror.org/00x27da85 Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marina Maria Bellet
- https://ror.org/00x27da85 Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ricci
- https://ror.org/00x27da85 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Claudio Costantini
- https://ror.org/00x27da85 Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Vasileios Oikonomou
- https://ror.org/00x27da85 Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luigina Romani
- https://ror.org/00x27da85 Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Cazac GD, Mihai BM, Ștefănescu G, Gîlcă-Blanariu GE, Mihai C, Grigorescu ED, Onofriescu A, Lăcătușu CM. Celiac Disease, Gluten-Free Diet and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease. Nutrients 2024; 16:2008. [PMID: 38999756 PMCID: PMC11243569 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic autoimmune disorder triggered by the ingestion of gluten-containing food by genetically predisposed individuals. Hence, treatment of CD consists of permanent avoidance of wheat, rye, barley, and other gluten-containing foods. Lifelong adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD) improves the symptoms of CD, but recent evidence suggests it is also associated with a higher risk for hepatic steatosis and the coexistence or emergence of other cardiometabolic risk factors. Moreover, a higher risk for liver steatosis is also reported by some authors as a potential extraintestinal complication of the CD itself. Recent nomenclature changes designate the association between hepatic steatosis and at least one of five cardiometabolic risk factors as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). An extended network of potentially causative factors underlying the association between MAFLD and CD, before and after dietary therapy is implemented, was recently described. The individualized treatment of these patients is less supported by evidence, with most of the current recommendations relying on empiric clinical judgment. This review focuses on the causative associations between CD and hepatic injury, either as an extraintestinal manifestation of CD or a side effect of GFD, also referring to potential therapeutic strategies for these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgiana-Diana Cazac
- Unit of Diabetes, Nutrition, and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania; (G.-D.C.); (A.O.); (C.-M.L.)
- Clinical Center of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “Sf. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
| | - Bogdan-Mircea Mihai
- Unit of Diabetes, Nutrition, and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania; (G.-D.C.); (A.O.); (C.-M.L.)
- Clinical Center of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “Sf. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
| | - Gabriela Ștefănescu
- Unit of Medical Semiology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (G.Ș.); (G.-E.G.-B.); (C.M.)
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “Sf. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
| | - Georgiana-Emmanuela Gîlcă-Blanariu
- Unit of Medical Semiology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (G.Ș.); (G.-E.G.-B.); (C.M.)
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “Sf. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
| | - Cătălina Mihai
- Unit of Medical Semiology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (G.Ș.); (G.-E.G.-B.); (C.M.)
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “Sf. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
| | - Elena-Daniela Grigorescu
- Unit of Diabetes, Nutrition, and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania; (G.-D.C.); (A.O.); (C.-M.L.)
- Clinical Center of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “Sf. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
| | - Alina Onofriescu
- Unit of Diabetes, Nutrition, and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania; (G.-D.C.); (A.O.); (C.-M.L.)
- Clinical Center of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “Sf. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
| | - Cristina-Mihaela Lăcătușu
- Unit of Diabetes, Nutrition, and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania; (G.-D.C.); (A.O.); (C.-M.L.)
- Clinical Center of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “Sf. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
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Brindicci VF, Franceschini S, Gnasso I, Alcini P, Tassi EA, Santarelli L, Cristofori F, Dargenio VN, Castellaneta S, Francavilla R. Self-Reported Nonceliac Gluten Sensitivity in Italian Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. A Dietary Fad? Am J Gastroenterol 2024:00000434-990000000-01188. [PMID: 38874216 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000002885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In different countries, the exact prevalence of people that refer symptoms after gluten ingestion is increasing and the unavailability of reliable laboratory tests to diagnose the condition known as nonceliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) has opened the door to the spread of survey-based studies to hypothesize a prevalence of this condition with highly discordant results. We aim to describe the attitude toward gluten consumption in a large population of young adults in Italy. METHODS A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 13 Italian cities to investigate the dietary attitudes of more than 9,400 people distributed throughout the country about gluten consumption. Only those referring to gluten-related symptoms with a frequency equal to "always" or "most of the time" were considered self-reported NCGS (SR-NCGS) patients. RESULTS Five thousand two hundred thirty-four of 9,432 eligible participants (55.5%) fully completed the questionnaire. Excluding those with previous gastrointestinal diagnoses of celiac disease and wheat allergy, we have finally analyzed 4,987 questionnaires. Four hundred eighty-seven participants indicated gluten-related symptoms always or most of the time (SR-NCGS subjects), while 121 already had a medical diagnosis of NCGS. The minimum prevalence figure of SR-NCGS is 6.4% (95% confidence interval 6.0-6.9), with a higher prevalence in women (79.9%). The most frequent gluten-related symptoms were bloating, abdominal pain, and tiredness. DISCUSSION The high prevalence of people reporting symptoms after gluten ingestion requires that the diagnosis of NCGS should be ascertained with a double-blind controlled study to limit the number of people who improperly approach a gluten-free diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Fara Brindicci
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Pediatric Section, Children's Hospital "Giovanni XXIII," University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Simone Franceschini
- University of Chieti, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ilaria Gnasso
- Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Paride Alcini
- University of Chieti, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Santarelli
- University of Chieti, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Chieti, Italy
| | - Fernanda Cristofori
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Pediatric Section, Children's Hospital "Giovanni XXIII," University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Vanessa Nadia Dargenio
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Pediatric Section, Children's Hospital "Giovanni XXIII," University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Stefania Castellaneta
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Pediatric Section, Children's Hospital "Giovanni XXIII," University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Ruggiero Francavilla
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Pediatric Section, Children's Hospital "Giovanni XXIII," University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
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8
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San Mauro Martín I, López Oliva S, Garicano Vilar E, Sánchez Niño GM, Penadés BF, Terrén Lora A, Sanz Rojo S, Collado Yurrita L. Effects of Gluten on Gut Microbiota in Patients with Gastrointestinal Disorders, Migraine, and Dermatitis. Nutrients 2024; 16:1228. [PMID: 38674918 PMCID: PMC11053402 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
As gluten may trigger gastrointestinal disorders (GIDs), its presence or absence in the diet can change the diversity and proportion of gut microbiota. The effects of gluten after six weeks of a double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention with a gluten-free diet (GFD) were studied in participants with GIDs suffering from migraines and atopic dermatitis (n = 46). Clinical biomarkers, digestive symptoms, stool, the Migraine Disability Assessment questionnaire, and zonulin levels were analyzed. Next-generation sequencing was used to amplify the 16S rRNA gene of bacteria and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of fungi. The GFD increased Chao1 fungal diversity after the intervention, while the fungal composition showed no changes. Bacterial diversity and composition remained stable, but a positive association between bacterial and fungal Chao1 diversity and a negative association between Dothideomycetes and Akkermansia were observed. GIDs decreased in both groups and migraines improved in the placebo group. Our findings may aid the development of GID treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael San Mauro Martín
- Research Centers in Nutrition and Health (CINUSA Group), Paseo de la Habana 43, 28036 Madrid, Spain; (I.S.M.M.); (S.L.O.); (E.G.V.); (G.M.S.N.); (B.F.P.); (A.T.L.); (S.S.R.)
| | - Sara López Oliva
- Research Centers in Nutrition and Health (CINUSA Group), Paseo de la Habana 43, 28036 Madrid, Spain; (I.S.M.M.); (S.L.O.); (E.G.V.); (G.M.S.N.); (B.F.P.); (A.T.L.); (S.S.R.)
| | - Elena Garicano Vilar
- Research Centers in Nutrition and Health (CINUSA Group), Paseo de la Habana 43, 28036 Madrid, Spain; (I.S.M.M.); (S.L.O.); (E.G.V.); (G.M.S.N.); (B.F.P.); (A.T.L.); (S.S.R.)
| | - Guerthy Melissa Sánchez Niño
- Research Centers in Nutrition and Health (CINUSA Group), Paseo de la Habana 43, 28036 Madrid, Spain; (I.S.M.M.); (S.L.O.); (E.G.V.); (G.M.S.N.); (B.F.P.); (A.T.L.); (S.S.R.)
| | - Bruno F. Penadés
- Research Centers in Nutrition and Health (CINUSA Group), Paseo de la Habana 43, 28036 Madrid, Spain; (I.S.M.M.); (S.L.O.); (E.G.V.); (G.M.S.N.); (B.F.P.); (A.T.L.); (S.S.R.)
| | - Ana Terrén Lora
- Research Centers in Nutrition and Health (CINUSA Group), Paseo de la Habana 43, 28036 Madrid, Spain; (I.S.M.M.); (S.L.O.); (E.G.V.); (G.M.S.N.); (B.F.P.); (A.T.L.); (S.S.R.)
| | - Sara Sanz Rojo
- Research Centers in Nutrition and Health (CINUSA Group), Paseo de la Habana 43, 28036 Madrid, Spain; (I.S.M.M.); (S.L.O.); (E.G.V.); (G.M.S.N.); (B.F.P.); (A.T.L.); (S.S.R.)
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9
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Patel PK, Tanpowpong P, Sriaroon P, Lockey RF. Nonallergic Diseases Associated With Foods. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2024; 12:607-619. [PMID: 37783385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2023.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Clinicians are faced with evaluating real and alleged reactions to foods that may be allergic or nonallergic. Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of various non-IgE-mediated diseases are discussed in this review. These food-related conditions range from mild to severe. Referral for an allergy workup may be pursued despite the lack of IgE-mediated symptoms. Diagnostic testing is available for defined non-IgE-mediated food diseases that are either immunologic or nonimmunologic. These include celiac disease and related disorders, carbohydrate maldigestion, pancreatic insufficiency, and histamine intolerance. In contrast, there is a paucity of definitive studies to prove food intolerance diseases. There are no definitive diagnostic criteria or testing for nonceliac gluten sensitivity. Functional gastrointestinal disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome, are better stratified diagnostically but still lack reliable testing. Both nonceliac gluten sensitivity and irritable bowel syndrome are linked to dietary triggers including fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols. Therefore, dietary alteration alone may be diagnostic and therapeutic when all other conditions are ruled out. These conditions are important considerations when evaluating a patient with history of a food reaction. There is little evidence that foods are causative in other ailments such as acne, migraines, and nasal congestion and hypersecretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya K Patel
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St Petersburg, Fla; Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Fla
| | - Pornthep Tanpowpong
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Panida Sriaroon
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St Petersburg, Fla; Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Fla
| | - Richard F Lockey
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Fla.
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10
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Manza F, Lungaro L, Costanzini A, Caputo F, Volta U, De Giorgio R, Caio G. Gluten and Wheat in Women's Health: Beyond the Gut. Nutrients 2024; 16:322. [PMID: 38276560 PMCID: PMC10820448 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the rise of awareness of gluten/wheat-related disorders in the academic and clinical field in the last few decades, misinformation regarding the gluten-free diet (GFD) and its impact on health has been spreading among the general population. Despite the established link between gluten and celiac disease (CD), where a GFD is mandatory to reach clinical and histological remission, things are more complicated when it comes to non-celiac gluten/wheat sensitivity (NCGWS) and other autoimmune/dysimmune disorders. In the last conditions, a beneficial effect of gluten withdrawal has not been properly assessed, but still is often suggested without strong supporting evidence. In this context, women have always been exposed, more than men, to higher social pressure related to nutritional behaviors and greater engagement in controlling body weight. With this narrative review, we aim to summarize current evidence on the adherence to a GFD, with particular attention to the impact on women's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Manza
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.M.); (A.C.); (F.C.); (R.D.G.)
| | - Lisa Lungaro
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.M.); (A.C.); (F.C.); (R.D.G.)
| | - Anna Costanzini
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.M.); (A.C.); (F.C.); (R.D.G.)
| | - Fabio Caputo
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.M.); (A.C.); (F.C.); (R.D.G.)
| | - Umberto Volta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Roberto De Giorgio
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.M.); (A.C.); (F.C.); (R.D.G.)
| | - Giacomo Caio
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.M.); (A.C.); (F.C.); (R.D.G.)
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital—Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Pasta A, Formisano E, Calabrese F, Plaz Torres MC, Bodini G, Marabotto E, Pisciotta L, Giannini EG, Furnari M. Food Intolerances, Food Allergies and IBS: Lights and Shadows. Nutrients 2024; 16:265. [PMID: 38257158 PMCID: PMC10821155 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This narrative review delves into the intricate relationship between irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and food intolerances. IBS, a chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder, is characterized by symptoms like abdominal pain and altered bowel habits. The prevalence of IBS has increased globally, especially among young adults. Food and dietary habits play a crucial role in IBS management. About 85-90% of IBS patients report symptom exacerbation linked to specific food consumption, highlighting the strong connection between food intolerances and IBS. Food intolerances often exhibit a dose-dependent pattern, posing a challenge in identifying trigger foods. This issue is further complicated by the complex nature of gastrointestinal physiology and varying food compositions. This review discusses various dietary patterns and their impact on IBS, including the low-FODMAP diet, gluten-free diet, and Mediterranean diet. It highlights the importance of a personalized approach in dietary management, considering individual symptom variability and dietary history. In conclusion, this review emphasizes the need for accurate diagnosis and holistic management of IBS, considering the complex interplay between dietary factors and gastrointestinal pathophysiology. It underlines the importance of patient education and adherence to treatment plans, acknowledging the challenges posed by the variability in dietary triggers and the psychological impact of dietary restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pasta
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.P.); (F.C.); (M.C.P.T.); (G.B.); (E.M.); (E.G.G.)
| | - Elena Formisano
- Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (E.F.); (L.P.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Calabrese
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.P.); (F.C.); (M.C.P.T.); (G.B.); (E.M.); (E.G.G.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Corina Plaz Torres
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.P.); (F.C.); (M.C.P.T.); (G.B.); (E.M.); (E.G.G.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Giorgia Bodini
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.P.); (F.C.); (M.C.P.T.); (G.B.); (E.M.); (E.G.G.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Elisa Marabotto
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.P.); (F.C.); (M.C.P.T.); (G.B.); (E.M.); (E.G.G.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Livia Pisciotta
- Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (E.F.); (L.P.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Edoardo Giovanni Giannini
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.P.); (F.C.); (M.C.P.T.); (G.B.); (E.M.); (E.G.G.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Manuele Furnari
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.P.); (F.C.); (M.C.P.T.); (G.B.); (E.M.); (E.G.G.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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12
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Xin C, Imanifard R, Jarahzadeh M, Rohani P, Velu P, Sohouli MH. Impact of Gluten-free Diet on Anthropometric Indicators in Individuals With and Without Celiac Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Clin Ther 2023; 45:e243-e251. [PMID: 37903705 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2023.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies have found that a gluten-free diet (GFD) may have improve obesity-related factors. For this reason, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effect of a GFD on anthropometric indicators. METHODS We performed a systematic search in databases from inception until July 12, 2022. We included all relevant articles that evaluate efficacy of a GFD on anthropometric indicators in patients with and without celiac disease (CD). Random-effects models were applied to combine the data. The main outcomes were then analyzed using weight mean differences (WMDs) and 95% CIs. FINDINGS A total of 27 articles met the eligible criteria and were included. Pooled results from the random-effects model indicated that the GFD has no significant effect on any of the factors of anthropometry, including weight (WMD, 1.20 kg; 95% CI, -1.16 to 3.55 kg; P = 0.319), body mass index (WMD, 0.70 kg/m2; 95% CI, -0.45 to 1.84 kg/m2; P = 0.233), waist circumference (WMD, 0.92 cm; 95% CI, -1.34 to 3.17 cm; P = 0.497), and body fat (WMD, 1.02%; 95% CI, -0.38% to 2.42%; P = 0.153). The subgroup results indicated that after implementation of a GFD significant increased weight and body fat occurred in patients with compared with without CD. In addition, the effect of this diet on the increase of BMI and body fat in the intervention of more than 48 weeks was significantly higher. IMPLICATIONS The results of the present study indicate that a GFD can have a significant and beneficial effect on weight and body fat in patients with CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenleng Xin
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital Xingsha Branch, Changsha, 410008, China
| | | | | | - Pejman Rohani
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Pediatrics Centre of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Periyannan Velu
- Galileovasan Offshore and Research and Development Pvt Ltd, Nagapattinam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohammad Hassan Sohouli
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Pediatrics Centre of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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13
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Torbica A, Vujasinović V, Radosavljević M, Radivojević G, Milovanović I. FODMAPs-Unknowns for Consumers: First Survey in Serbia. Nutrients 2023; 15:4693. [PMID: 37960346 PMCID: PMC10648408 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
According to unofficial data, every fifth person in Serbia suffers from some form of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Compounds classified as FODMAPs (Fermentable Oligo-, Di-, and Monosaccharides and Polyols) are newly found potential triggers of IBS and a number of associated gastrointestinal disorders. Cereals, predominantly in their wholegrain form, represent the key contributors to the high contents of FODMAPs in wholegrain (high-fiber) bakery products. The current work was structured in a way to systematically evaluate the consumer's knowledge and preferences toward wholegrain and low-FODMAP bakery products. The questionnaire was filled out by 725 respondents, aged from 18 to 86 years. They were informed about the aim of the research and management of anonymous data. The present study is the first detailed survey in this region of Europe, aiming to improve the familiarity with and attitude toward FODMAPs and a low-FODMAP diet by analyzing the different dietary habits regarding wholegrain-cereal-based products among consumers of various ages, genders, places of residence, and education. The results suggest that the respondents are, to some degree, aware of the health benefits of consuming foods with high fiber content while indicating a low level of knowledge about FODMAP compounds and connected topics. Education about contemporary scientific findings and the potentially harmful effects of consuming FODMAP compounds for a population with gastrointestinal disorders and diseases will be imperative in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Torbica
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21102 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Vesna Vujasinović
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (V.V.); (G.R.)
| | - Miloš Radosavljević
- Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21102 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Goran Radivojević
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (V.V.); (G.R.)
| | - Ilija Milovanović
- Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad, Dr Zorana Đinđića 2, 21102 Novi Sad, Serbia;
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Belei O, Jugănaru I, Basaca DG, Munteanu AI, Mărginean O. The Role of Intestinal Microbiota in Celiac Disease and Further Therapeutic Perspectives. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2039. [PMID: 37895421 PMCID: PMC10608277 DOI: 10.3390/life13102039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy caused by exposure to gluten and related prolamins in genetically susceptible individuals. It is a complex genetic disorder with multiple contributing genes. Linkage studies have identified several genomic regions that probably contain CD susceptibility genes. The most important genetic factors are HLA-DQ2 and DQ8. Several known environmental triggers promote the onset of CD at any age after gluten introduction in individuals with a genetic background, such as viral infections and intestinal dysbiosis. Recent publications have described the interference of the intestinal microbiome in gluten metabolism, modulation of local immune reactions, and in maintaining normal gut permeability. These results have promoted further lines of research on the benefit of probiotic administration to prevent disease onset or alleviate clinical symptoms along with a gluten-free diet (GFD). The relationship between gut microbiome changes and the onset of CD is incompletely understood, still being the subject of current research. This narrative review analyzes the interplay between environmental factors, intestinal microbiome alterations, and the course of CD. Furthermore, this review sets out to discuss if modulation of intestinal microflora with pre- and probiotics along with a GFD could represent a reliable therapeutic target for celiac patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Belei
- First Pediatric Clinic, Disturbances of Growth and Development on Children Research Center, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (O.B.); (D.-G.B.); (A.I.M.); (O.M.)
- First Pediatric Clinic, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Iulius Jugănaru
- First Pediatric Clinic, Disturbances of Growth and Development on Children Research Center, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (O.B.); (D.-G.B.); (A.I.M.); (O.M.)
- First Pediatric Clinic, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Diana-Georgiana Basaca
- First Pediatric Clinic, Disturbances of Growth and Development on Children Research Center, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (O.B.); (D.-G.B.); (A.I.M.); (O.M.)
- First Pediatric Clinic, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Andrei Ioan Munteanu
- First Pediatric Clinic, Disturbances of Growth and Development on Children Research Center, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (O.B.); (D.-G.B.); (A.I.M.); (O.M.)
- First Pediatric Clinic, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Otilia Mărginean
- First Pediatric Clinic, Disturbances of Growth and Development on Children Research Center, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (O.B.); (D.-G.B.); (A.I.M.); (O.M.)
- First Pediatric Clinic, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
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15
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Piticchio T, Frasca F, Malandrino P, Trimboli P, Carrubba N, Tumminia A, Vinciguerra F, Frittitta L. Effect of gluten-free diet on autoimmune thyroiditis progression in patients with no symptoms or histology of celiac disease: a meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1200372. [PMID: 37554764 PMCID: PMC10405818 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1200372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is the most common autoimmune disease. HT may be associated with nonthyroidal autoimmune diseases, including celiac disease (CD) or other gluten-related conditions (GRC). In the last years, interest about gluten-free diet (GFD) has increased for its supposed extraintestinal anti-inflammatory effect; thus, many patients with HT initiate GFD on their own. Objectives The aim of this meta-analysis is to examine all available data in literature about the effect of a GFD on TgAb, TPOAb, TSH, FT4, and FT3 levels in patients with HT and no symptoms or histology of CD. Methods The study was conducted according to MOOSE (Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology). The search was performed on databases PubMed and Scopus. The last search was performed on 7 February 2023. Quality assessment was performed. Meta-analyses were performed using the random-effect model. Hedges' g was used to measure the effect size (ES). Statistical analyses were performed using StataSE 17. Results The online search retrieved 409 articles, and 4 studies with a total of 87 patients were finally included for quantitative analysis. The risk of bias was generally low. The mean period of GFD was almost 6 months. The meta-analyses showed reduction in antibody levels with ES: -0.39 for TgAb (95% CI: -0.81 to +0.02; p = 0.06; I² = 46.98%) and -0.40 for TPOAb (95% CI: -0.82 to +0.03; p = 0.07; I² = 47.58%). TSH showed a reduction with ES: -0.35 (95% CI: -0.64 to -0.05; p = 0.02; I² = 0%) and FT4 showed an increase with ES: +0.35% (95% CI: 0.06 to 0.64; p = 0.02; I² = 0%). FT3 did not display variations (ES: 0.05; 95% CI: -0.38 to +0.48; p = 0.82; I² = 51%). The heterogeneity of TgAb, TPOAb, and FT3 data was solved performing sub-analyses between patients with or without GRC (TgAb p = 0.02; TPOAb p = 0.02; FT3 p = 0.04) and only for FT3, performing a sub-analysis between patients taking and not taking LT4 (p = 0.03). Conclusion This is the first meta-analysis investigating the effect of GFD on HT. Our results seem to indicate a positive effect of the gluten deprivation on thyroid function and its inflammation, particularly in patients with HT and GRC. However, current lines of evidence are not yet sufficient to recommend this dietary approach to all patients with a diagnosis of HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Piticchio
- Endocrinology Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Frasca
- Endocrinology Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Endocrinology Unit, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Pierpaolo Trimboli
- Servizio di Endocrinologia e Diabetologia, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Lugano, Switzerland
- Facoltà di Scienze Biomediche, Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Nunzia Carrubba
- Endocrinology Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Tumminia
- Endocrinology Unit, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania, Italy
- Diabetes, Obesity and Dietetic Center, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Federica Vinciguerra
- Endocrinology Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Lucia Frittitta
- Endocrinology Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Diabetes, Obesity and Dietetic Center, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania, Italy
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Ashkar F, Wu J. Effects of Food Factors and Processing on Protein Digestibility and Gut Microbiota. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37267055 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Protein is an essential macronutrient. The nutritional needs of dietary proteins are met by digestion and absorption in the small intestine. Indigestible proteins are further metabolized in the gut and produce metabolites via protein fermentation. Thus, protein indigestibility exerts a wide range of effects on gut microbiota composition and function. This review aims to discuss protein digestibility, the effects of food factors, such as protein sources, intake level, and amino acid composition, and making meat analogues. Besides, it provides an inventory of antinutritional factors and processing techniques that influence protein digestibility and, consequently, the diversity and composition of intestinal microbiota. Future studies are warranted to understand the implication of plant-based analogues on protein digestibility and gut microbiota and to elucidate the mechanisms concerning protein digestibility to host gut microbiota using various omics techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ashkar
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
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17
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Sun C, Li A, Xu C, Ma J, Wang H, Jiang Z, Hou J. Comparative Analysis of Fecal Microbiota in Vegetarians and Omnivores. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102358. [PMID: 37242241 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet has a significant impact on fecal microbiota, which in turn plays an important role in human health. To evaluate the impact of dietary habits on fecal microbiota, we investigated the fecal microbial composition in vegetarians and omnivores using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and estimated the correlation between fecal microbiota, body mass and diet. The dietary data showed that vegetarians consumed more plant-based foods rich in dietary fiber, omnivores consumed more animal-based foods rich in fat and overweight and obese people consumed more high-energy foods. Compared to omnivores, vegetarians had greater richness and diversity in their fecal microbiota. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was lower and the Prevotella/Bacteroides ratio was higher in vegetarians. The meat intake correlated positively with the proportion of Bacteroides and negatively with the proportion of Prevotella. The composition and diversity in fecal microbiota in the normal weight group, overweight group and obesity group were similar to that of vegetarians and omnivores, respectively. This paper revealed the distinctive characteristics of fecal microbiota in vegetarians and omnivores. The omnivorous diet contained more fat, which reduced the fecal microbial diversity, and was more likely to lead to being overweight or obese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changbao Sun
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Ang Li
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Cong Xu
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jiage Ma
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Branch of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar 161005, China
| | - Zhanmei Jiang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Juncai Hou
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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18
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Van den Abbeele P, Deyaert S, Albers R, Baudot A, Mercenier A. Carrot RG-I Reduces Interindividual Differences between 24 Adults through Consistent Effects on Gut Microbiota Composition and Function Ex Vivo. Nutrients 2023; 15:2090. [PMID: 37432238 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiota is characterized by large interpersonal differences, which are not only linked to health and disease but also determine the outcome of nutritional interventions. In line with the growing interest for developing targeted gut microbiota modulators, the selectivity of a carrot-derived rhamnogalacturonan I (cRG-I) was compared to substrates with demonstrated low (inulin, IN) and high selectivity (xanthan, XA), at a human equivalent dose (HED) of 1.5 g/d. The high throughput of the ex vivo SIFR® technology, validated to generate predictive insights for clinical findings, enabled the inclusion of 24 human adults. Such an unprecedented high number of samples in the context of in vitro gut microbiota modelling allowed a coverage of clinically relevant interpersonal differences in gut microbiota composition and function. A key finding was that cRG-I supplementation (already at an HED of 0.3 g/d) lowered interpersonal compositional differences due to the selective stimulation of taxa that were consistently present among human adults, including OTUs related to Bacteroides dorei/vulgatus and Bifidobacterium longum (suspected keystone species), Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bifidobacterium adolescentis and butyrate-producing taxa such as Blautia sp., Anaerobutyricum hallii, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. In contrast, both IN and XA treatments increased interpersonal compositional differences. For IN, this followed from its low specificity. For XA, it was rather the extremely high selectivity of XA fermentation that caused large differences between 15 responders and 9 nonresponders, caused by the presence/absence of highly specific XA-fermenting taxa. While all test compounds significantly enhanced acetate, propionate, butyrate, and gas production, cRG-I resulted in a significantly higher acetate (+40%), propionate (+22%), yet a lower gas production (-44%) compared to IN. cRG-I could thus result in overall more robust beneficial effects, while also being better tolerated. Moreover, owing to its remarkable homogenization effect on microbial composition and metabolite production, cRG-I could lead to more predictable outcomes compared to substrates that are less specific or overly specific.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ruud Albers
- Nutrileads BV, 6708 WH Wageningen, The Netherlands
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19
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McDonagh F, Cormican M, Morris D, Burke L, Singh NK, Venkateswaran K, Miliotis G. Medical Astro-Microbiology: Current Role and Future Challenges. J Indian Inst Sci 2023; 103:1-26. [PMID: 37362850 PMCID: PMC10082442 DOI: 10.1007/s41745-023-00360-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The second and third decades of the twenty-first century are marked by a flourishing of space technology which may soon realise human aspirations of a permanent multiplanetary presence. The prevention, control and management of infection with microbial pathogens is likely to play a key role in how successful human space aspirations will become. This review considers the emerging field of medical astro-microbiology. It examines the current evidence regarding the risk of infection during spaceflight via host susceptibility, alterations to the host's microbiome as well as exposure to other crew members and spacecraft's microbiomes. It also considers the relevance of the hygiene hypothesis in this regard. It then reviews the current evidence related to infection risk associated with microbial adaptability in spaceflight conditions. There is a particular focus on the International Space Station (ISS), as one of the only two crewed objects in low Earth orbit. It discusses the effects of spaceflight related stressors on viruses and the infection risks associated with latent viral reactivation and increased viral shedding during spaceflight. It then examines the effects of the same stressors on bacteria, particularly in relation to changes in virulence and drug resistance. It also considers our current understanding of fungal adaptability in spaceflight. The global public health and environmental risks associated with a possible re-introduction to Earth of invasive species are also briefly discussed. Finally, this review examines the largely unknown microbiology and infection implications of celestial body habitation with an emphasis placed on Mars. Overall, this review summarises much of our current understanding of medical astro-microbiology and identifies significant knowledge gaps. Graphical Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca McDonagh
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Martin Cormican
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland
| | - Dearbháile Morris
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Liam Burke
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Nitin Kumar Singh
- Biotechnology and Planetary Protection Group, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA USA
| | - Kasthuri Venkateswaran
- Biotechnology and Planetary Protection Group, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA USA
| | - Georgios Miliotis
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
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20
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Liang L, Saunders C, Sanossian N. Food, gut barrier dysfunction, and related diseases: A new target for future individualized disease prevention and management. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:1671-1704. [PMID: 37051344 PMCID: PMC10084985 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of gut barrier is known as "leaky gut" or increased intestinal permeability. Numerous recent scientific evidences showed the association between gut dysfunction and multiple gastrointestinal tract (GI) and non-GI diseases. Research also demonstrated that food plays a crucial role to cause or remedy gut dysfunction related to diseases. We reviewed recent articles from electronic databases, mainly PubMed. The data were based on animal models, cell models, and human research in vivo and in vitro models. In this comprehensive review, our aim focused on the relationship between dietary factors, intestinal permeability dysfunction, and related diseases. This review synthesizes currently available literature and is discussed in three parts: (a) the mechanism of gut barrier and function, (b) food and dietary supplements that may promote gut health, and food or medication that may alter gut function, and (c) a table that organizes the synthesized information by general mechanisms for diseases related to leaky gut/intestinal permeability and associated dietary influences. With future research, dietary intervention could be a new target for individualized disease prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Liang
- University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Nerses Sanossian
- Department of NeurologyMedical School of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
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21
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Vacca M, Pinto D, Annunziato A, Ressa A, Calasso M, Pontonio E, Celano G, De Angelis M. Gluten-Free Bread Enriched with Artichoke Leaf Extract In Vitro Exerted Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040845. [PMID: 37107220 PMCID: PMC10135093 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its high nutritional value and broad beneficial effects, the artichoke plant (Cynara cardunculus L.) is an excellent healthy food candidate. Additionally, the artichoke by-products are usually discarded even though they still contain a huge concentration of dietary fibers, phenolic acids, and other micronutrients. The present work aimed to characterize a laboratory-made gluten-free bread (B) using rice flour supplemented with a powdered extract from artichoke leaves (AEs). The AE, accounting for the 5% of titratable chlorogenic acid, was added to the experimental gluten-free bread. Accounting for different combinations, four different bread batches were prepared. To evaluate the differences, a gluten-free type-II sourdough (tII-SD) was added in two doughs (SB and SB-AE), while the related controls (YB and YB-AE) did not contain the tII-SD. Profiling the digested bread samples, SB showed the lowest glycemic index, while SB-AE showed the highest antioxidant properties. The digested samples were also fermented in fecal batches containing viable cells from fecal microbiota samples obtained from healthy donors. Based on plate counts, no clear tendencies emerged concerning the analyzed microbial patterns; by contrast, when profiling volatile organic compounds, significant differences were observed in SB-AE, exhibiting the highest scores of hydrocinnamic and cyclohexanecarboxylic acids. The fecal fermented supernatants were recovered and assayed for healthy properties on human keratinocyte cell lines against oxidative stress and for effectiveness in modulating the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in Caco-2 cells. While the first assay emphasized the contribution of AE to protect against stressor agents, the latter enlightened how the combination of SB with AE decreased the cellular TNF-α and IL1-β expression. In conclusion, this preliminary study suggests that the combination of AE with sourdough biotechnology could be a promising tool to increase the nutritional and healthy features of gluten-free bread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirco Vacca
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science (DiSSPA), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Daniela Pinto
- Human Microbiome Advanced Project-HMPA, Giuliani SpA, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Annunziato
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science (DiSSPA), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Arianna Ressa
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science (DiSSPA), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Calasso
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science (DiSSPA), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Erica Pontonio
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science (DiSSPA), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Celano
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science (DiSSPA), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science (DiSSPA), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
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22
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Sharma M, Dhaliwal M, Tyagi R, Goyal T, Sharma S, Rawat A. Microbiome and Its Dysbiosis in Inborn Errors of Immunity. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12040518. [PMID: 37111404 PMCID: PMC10145396 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12040518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) can present with infections, autoimmunity, lymphoproliferation, granulomas, and malignancy. IEIs are due to genetic abnormalities that disrupt normal host-immune response or immune regulation. The microbiome appears essential for maintaining host immunity, especially in patients with a defective immune system. Altered gut microbiota in patients with IEI can lead to clinical symptoms. Microbial dysbiosis is the consequence of an increase in pro-inflammatory bacteria or a reduction in anti-inflammatory bacteria. However, functional and compositional differences in microbiota are also involved. Dysbiosis and a reduced alpha-diversity are well documented, particularly in conditions like common variable immunodeficiency. Deranged microbiota is also seen in Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome, severe combined immunodeficiency, chronic granulomatous disease, selective immunoglobulin-A deficiency, Hyper IgE syndrome (HIGES), X-linked lymphoproliferative disease-2, immunodysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, x-linked syndrome, and defects of IL10 signalling. Distinct gastrointestinal, respiratory, and cutaneous symptoms linked to dysbiosis are seen in several IEIs, emphasizing the importance of microbiome identification. In this study, we discuss the processes that maintain immunological homeostasis between commensals and the host and the disruptions thereof in patients with IEIs. As the connection between microbiota, host immunity, and infectious illnesses is better understood, microbiota manipulation as a treatment strategy or infection prevention method would be more readily employed. Therefore, optimal prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics, and fecal microbial transplantation can be promising strategies to restore the microbiota and decrease disease pathology in patients with IEIs.
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23
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Cenni S, Sesenna V, Boiardi G, Casertano M, Russo G, Reginelli A, Esposito S, Strisciuglio C. The Role of Gluten in Gastrointestinal Disorders: A Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071615. [PMID: 37049456 PMCID: PMC10096482 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gluten is only partially digested by intestinal enzymes and can generate peptides that can alter intestinal permeability, facilitating bacterial translocation, thus affecting the immune system. Few studies addressed the role of diet with gluten in the development of intestinal inflammation and in other gastrointestinal disorders. The aim of this narrative review was to analyse the role of gluten in several gastrointestinal diseases so as to give a useful overview of its effectiveness in the prevention and management of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Cenni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Veronica Sesenna
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pediatric Clinic, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Giulia Boiardi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pediatric Clinic, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Marianna Casertano
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Russo
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Alfonso Reginelli
- Radiology Unit, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pediatric Clinic, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Caterina Strisciuglio
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-5665464; Fax: +39-081-7462679
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Vedantam S, Graff E, Khakoo NS, Khakoo NS, Pearlman M. Food as Medicine: How to Influence the Microbiome and Improve Symptoms in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2023; 25:52-60. [PMID: 36763098 DOI: 10.1007/s11894-023-00861-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review highlights effects of dietary interventions on the gut microbiome and gastrointestinal symptoms in those with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). RECENT FINDINGS It is hypothesized that gut dysbiosis factors into the pathophysiology of IBS. Various diets that influence the microbiome and intestinal physiology may have therapeutic properties. At present, data suggests that implementation of personalized dietary interventions have a mixed, but overall positive effect on the gut microbiome and IBS symptoms. The effect of dietary modification on the gut microbiome and GI symptoms in patients with IBS is a topic that has garnered interest due to the increasing prevalence of IBS and heightened awareness of the importance of gut health. The composition of the gut microbiome may be modulated by promoting fiber intake and implementation of exclusionary diets and dietary supplements; however, additional studies are needed to provide evidence-based guidelines in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Vedantam
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Erica Graff
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Michelle Pearlman
- Division of Digestive Health and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA. .,Division of Digestive Health and Liver Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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25
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Bioaccessibility and Bioavailability of Diet Polyphenols and Their Modulation of Gut Microbiota. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043813. [PMID: 36835225 PMCID: PMC9961503 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
It is generally accepted that diet-derived polyphenols are bioactive compounds with several potentially beneficial effects on human health. In general, polyphenols have several chemical structures, and the most representative are flavonoids, phenolic acids, and stilbenes. It should be noted that the beneficial effects of polyphenols are closely related to their bioavailability and bioaccessibility, as many of them are rapidly metabolized after administration. Polyphenols-with a protective effect on the gastrointestinal tract-promote the maintenance of the eubiosis of the intestinal microbiota with protective effects against gastric and colon cancers. Thus, the benefits obtained from dietary supplementation of polyphenols would seem to be mediated by the gut microbiota. Taken at certain concentrations, polyphenols have been shown to positively modulate the bacterial component, increasing Lactiplantibacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. involved in the protection of the intestinal barrier and decreasing Clostridium and Fusobacterium, which are negatively associated with human well-being. Based on the diet-microbiota-health axis, this review aims to describe the latest knowledge on the action of dietary polyphenols on human health through the activity of the gut microbiota and discusses micro-encapsulation of polyphenols as a strategy to improve the microbiota.
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26
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Defeudis G, Massari MC, Terrana G, Coppola L, Napoli N, Migliaccio S. Gluten-Free Diet and Metabolic Syndrome: Could Be a Not Benevolent Encounter? Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030627. [PMID: 36771334 PMCID: PMC9921299 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease is a rising disorder and is becoming frequently diagnosed in recent years. To date, the only available treatment is the gluten-free diet (GFD). The role of gluten on components of metabolic syndrome and on related inflammatory response is still unclear due to controversial results. In recent years, scientific focus on this topic has been growing up, in particular regarding the role of the GFD on glycometabolic parameters and diabetes. In addition, studies on the remaining components showed discordant results, which was likely due to heterogeneous and large celiac disease populations and to the lack of prospective studies. Furthermore, knowledge about the role of the GFD on inflammatory cytokines and the relationship among vitamin D and celiac disease, metabolic syndrome (MS) and GFD is needed. In this narrative review, we provided evidence regarding the role of the GFD on glycometabolic parameters, cholesterol, triglycerides, waist circumference, blood pressure and inflammatory cascade, also evaluating the role of vitamin D, trying to summarize whether this nutritional pattern may be a value-added for subjects with dysmetabolic conditions. Finally, due to the limited findings and very low-certainty evidence, predominantly based on observational studies, the real effects of a GFD on different components of MS, however, are unclear; nevertheless, an improvement in HDL levels has been reported, although data on glycemic levels are discordant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Defeudis
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University Foro Italico of Rome, 00135 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: or (G.D.); (S.M.)
| | - Maria Chiara Massari
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Terrana
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Coppola
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Napoli
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Migliaccio
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University Foro Italico of Rome, 00135 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: or (G.D.); (S.M.)
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27
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Naseri K, Dabiri H, Olfatifar M, Shahrbaf MA, Yadegar A, Soheilian-Khorzoghi M, Sadeghi A, Saadati S, Rostami-Nejad M, Verma AK, Zali MR. Evaluation of gut microbiota of iranian patients with celiac disease, non-celiac wheat sensitivity, and irritable bowel syndrome: are there any similarities? BMC Gastroenterol 2023; 23:15. [PMID: 36647022 PMCID: PMC9841652 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-02649-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Individuals with celiac disease (CD), non-celiac wheat sensitivity (NCWS), and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), show overlapping clinical symptoms and experience gut dysbiosis. A limited number of studies so far compared the gut microbiota among these intestinal conditions. This study aimed to investigate the similarities in the gut microbiota among patients with CD, NCWS, and IBS in comparison to healthy controls (HC). MATERIALS AND METHODS In this prospective study, in total 72 adult subjects, including CD (n = 15), NCWS (n = 12), IBS (n = 30), and HC (n = 15) were recruited. Fecal samples were collected from each individual. A quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) test using 16S ribosomal RNA was conducted on stool samples to assess the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Bifidobacterium spp., and Lactobacillus spp. RESULTS In all groups, Firmicutes and Lactobacillus spp. had the highest and lowest relative abundance respectively. The phylum Firmicutes had a higher relative abundance in CD patients than other groups. On the other hand, the phylum Bacteroidetes had the highest relative abundance among healthy subjects but the lowest in patients with NCWS. The relative abundance of Bifidobacterium spp. was lower in subjects with CD (P = 0.035) and IBS (P = 0.001) compared to the HCs. Also, the alteration of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio (F/B ratio) was statistically significant in NCWS and CD patients compared to the HCs (P = 0.05). CONCLUSION The principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), as a powerful multivariate analysis, suggested that the investigated gut microbial profile of patients with IBS and NCWS share more similarities to the HCs. In contrast, patients with CD had the most dissimilarity compared to the other groups in the context of the studied gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaveh Naseri
- grid.1017.70000 0001 2163 3550School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Hossein Dabiri
- grid.411600.2Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meysam Olfatifar
- grid.444830.f0000 0004 0384 871XGastroenterology and Hepatology Diseases Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Shahrbaf
- grid.411600.2Celiac Disease Department, Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Yadegar
- grid.411600.2Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Soheilian-Khorzoghi
- grid.411600.2Celiac Disease Department, Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Sadeghi
- grid.411600.2Celiac Disease Department, Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeede Saadati
- grid.411600.2Celiac Disease Department, Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rostami-Nejad
- grid.411600.2Celiac Disease Department, Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anil K. Verma
- grid.7010.60000 0001 1017 3210Celiac Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, 60123 Ancona, Italy
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- grid.411600.2Celiac Disease Department, Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Liwinski T, Hübener S, Henze L, Hübener P, Heinemann M, Tetzlaff M, Hiller MI, Jagemann B, Surabattula R, Leeming D, Karsdal M, Monguzzi E, Schachschal G, Rösch T, Bang C, Franke A, Lohse AW, Schuppan D, Schramm C. A prospective pilot study of a gluten-free diet for primary sclerosing cholangitis and associated colitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2023; 57:224-236. [PMID: 36266939 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a progressive bile duct disease associated with inflammatory bowel disease (PSC-IBD). AIM To investigate whether patients with PSC-IBD benefit from a gluten-free and amylase trypsin inhibitor (ATI)-free diet (GFD). METHODS We performed a prospective clinical pilot study administering an eight-week GFD. The primary outcomes were colonic inflammation assessed by proctosigmoidoscopy, and liver stiffness (surrogate for fibrosis, inflammation and cholestasis) measured by transient elastography before and after GFD. Amongst the secondary (exploratory) outcomes were colonic mucosal and serum cytokine/chemokine changes, the intestinal microbiome and transcriptome dynamics, and shifts in serum markers of hepatic fibrogenesis. RESULTS Fifteen patients with PSC-IBD completed the study. The study did not meet its primary outcome: the endoscopic score and liver stiffness remained unchanged. However, the expression of pro-inflammatory mucosal cytokines and chemokines such as IL6, IL8, CCL2, and TNFα was significantly down-regulated. Two critical markers of liver fibrosis and matrix remodelling, thrombospondin-2 and -4, decreased significantly. The microbiota composition changed slightly, including a decrease in the pathogen Romboutsia ilealis. The intestinal transcriptome indicated a gut barrier improvement. Pruritus, fatigue, overall well-being, faecal calprotectin levels, and serum alkaline phosphatase did not change significantly. CONCLUSIONS This study did not demonstrate a clinical improvement with short-term GFD in patients with PSC-IBD. However, a gluten/ATI-free diet may improve biomarkers of intestinal inflammation and barrier function in these patients with associated changes in the enteric microbiota. Further investigation of the therapeutic potential of the GFD in PSC-IBD is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timur Liwinski
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), University Psychiatric Clinics (UPK) Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sina Hübener
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lara Henze
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter Hübener
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melina Heinemann
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Tetzlaff
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marie I Hiller
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bettina Jagemann
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rambabu Surabattula
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Diana Leeming
- Research and Development, Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers and Research A/S, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Morten Karsdal
- Research and Development, Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers and Research A/S, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Erika Monguzzi
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Guido Schachschal
- Department of Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Rösch
- Department of Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Corinna Bang
- Institute for Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute for Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ansgar W Lohse
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.,Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christoph Schramm
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, Hamburg, Germany.,Martin Zeitz Center for Rare Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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29
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The Molecular Gut-Brain Axis in Early Brain Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315389. [PMID: 36499716 PMCID: PMC9739658 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Millions of nerves, immune factors, and hormones in the circulatory system connect the gut and the brain. In bidirectional communication, the gut microbiota play a crucial role in the gut-brain axis (GBA), wherein microbial metabolites of the gut microbiota regulate intestinal homeostasis, thereby influencing brain activity. Dynamic changes are observed in gut microbiota as well as during brain development. Altering the gut microbiota could serve as a therapeutic target for treating abnormalities associated with brain development. Neurophysiological development and immune regulatory disorders are affected by changes that occur in gut microbiota composition and function. The molecular aspects relevant to the GBA could help develop targeted therapies for neurodevelopmental diseases. Herein, we review the findings of recent studies on the role of the GBA in its underlying molecular mechanisms in the early stages of brain development. Furthermore, we discuss the bidirectional regulation of gut microbiota from mother to infant and the potential signaling pathways and roles of posttranscriptional modifications in brain functions. Our review summarizes the role of molecular GBA in early brain development and related disorders, providing cues for novel therapeutic targets.
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Jendraszak M, Gałęcka M, Kotwicka M, Schwiertz A, Regdos A, Pazgrat-Patan M, Andrusiewicz M. Impact of Biometric Patient Data, Probiotic Supplementation, and Selected Gut Microorganisms on Calprotectin, Zonulin, and sIgA Concentrations in the Stool of Adults Aged 18-74 Years. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121781. [PMID: 36551209 PMCID: PMC9775524 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations to the intestinal barrier may be involved in the pathogenesis of various chronic diseases. The diagnosis of mucosal barrier disruption has become a new therapeutic target for disease prevention. The aim of this study was to determine whether various patient demographic and biometric data, often not included in diagnostic analyses, may affect calprotectin, zonulin, and sIgA biomarker values. Stool markers' levels in 160 samples were measured colorimetrically. The analysis of twenty key bacteria (15 genera and 5 species) was carried out on the basis of diagnostic tests, including cultures and molecular tests. The concentrations of selected markers were within reference ranges for most patients. The sIgA level was significantly lower in participants declaring probiotics supplementation (p = 0.0464). We did not observe differences in gastrointestinal discomfort in participants. We found significant differences in the sIgA level between the 29-55 years and >55 years age-related intervals groups (p = 0.0191), together with a significant decreasing trend (p = 0.0337) in age-dependent sIgA concentration. We observed complex interdependencies and relationships between their microbiota and the analyzed biomarkers. For correct clinical application, standardized values of calprotectin and sIgA should be determined, especially in elderly patients. We observed a correlation between the composition of the gut community and biomarker levels, although it requires further in-depth analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Jendraszak
- Chair and Department of Cell Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 5D, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.J.); (M.A.)
| | | | - Małgorzata Kotwicka
- Chair and Department of Cell Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 5D, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Mirosław Andrusiewicz
- Chair and Department of Cell Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 5D, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.J.); (M.A.)
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31
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Inulin from Globe Artichoke Roots: A Promising Ingredient for the Production of Functional Fresh Pasta. Foods 2022; 11:foods11193032. [PMID: 36230108 PMCID: PMC9562900 DOI: 10.3390/foods11193032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Globe artichoke roots represent an alternative and sustainable source for inulin extraction and are well-noted for their technological and functional properties. Therefore, the aim of our study was to exploit inulin with high degree of polymerization as a replacement of durum wheat semolina for the production of functional fresh pasta. The effect of increased level of substitution (5, 10, 15%) on cooking, structural, sensory, and nutritional properties were evaluated and compared with a control sample consisting exclusively of durum wheat semolina. Inulin addition caused changes to internal structure as evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. The enriched samples showed a lower swelling index, an increasing cooking time, and values of cooking loss (2.37–3.62%), mainly due to the leaching of inulin into the cooking water. Cooked and raw enriched pasta was significantly darker and firmer than the control, but the sensory attributes were not negatively affected, especially at 5 and 10% of substitution levels. The increase of dietary fiber content in enriched pasta (3.44–12.41 g/100 g) resulted in a significant reduction of glycaemic index (pGI) and starch hydrolysis (HI). After gastrointestinal digestion, inulin-enriched pasta increased prebiotic growth able to significantly reduce E. coli cell density.
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32
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Rej A, Avery A, Aziz I, Black CJ, Bowyer RK, Buckle RL, Seamark L, Shaw CC, Thompson J, Trott N, Williams M, Sanders DS. Diet and irritable bowel syndrome: an update from a UK consensus meeting. BMC Med 2022; 20:287. [PMID: 36096789 PMCID: PMC9469508 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02496-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been a renewed interest in the role of dietary therapies to manage irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), with diet high on the agenda for patients. Currently, interest has focussed on the use of traditional dietary advice (TDA), a gluten-free diet (GFD) and the low FODMAP diet (LFD). A consensus meeting was held to assess the role of these dietary therapies in IBS, in Sheffield, United Kingdom.Evidence for TDA is from case control studies and clinical experience. Randomised controlled trials (RCT) have demonstrated the benefit of soluble fibre in IBS. No studies have assessed TDA in comparison to a habitual or sham diet. There have been a number of RCTs demonstrating the efficacy of a GFD at short-term follow-up, with a lack of long-term outcomes. Whilst gluten may lead to symptom generation in IBS, other components of wheat may also play an important role, with recent interest in the role of fructans, wheat germ agglutinins, as well as alpha amylase trypsin inhibitors. There is good evidence for the use of a LFD at short-term follow-up, with emerging evidence demonstrating its efficacy at long-term follow-up. There is overlap between the LFD and GFD with IBS patients self-initiating gluten or wheat reduction as part of their LFD. Currently, there is a lack of evidence to suggest superiority of one diet over another, although TDA is more acceptable to patients.In view of this evidence, our consensus group recommends that dietary therapies for IBS should be offered by dietitians who first assess dietary triggers and then tailor the intervention according to patient choice. Given the lack of dietetic services, novel approaches such as employing group clinics and online webinars may maximise capacity and accessibility for patients. Further research is also required to assess the comparative efficacy of dietary therapies to other management strategies available to manage IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rej
- Academic Unit of Gastroenterology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK.
| | - A Avery
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - I Aziz
- Academic Unit of Gastroenterology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - C J Black
- Leeds Gastroenterology Institute, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK; Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - R K Bowyer
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Royal United Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bath, UK
| | - R L Buckle
- Academic Unit of Gastroenterology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - L Seamark
- Specialist Gastroenterology Community Dietetic Service, Somerset Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Bridgwater, UK
| | - C C Shaw
- Academic Unit of Gastroenterology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - J Thompson
- Information Manager/Specialist Gastroenterology Dietitian, Guts UK Charity, 3 St Andrews Place, London, NW1 4LB, UK
| | - N Trott
- Academic Unit of Gastroenterology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - M Williams
- Specialist Gastroenterology Community Dietetic Service, Somerset Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Bridgwater, UK
| | - D S Sanders
- Academic Unit of Gastroenterology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
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Bushyhead D, Quigley EMM. Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth-Pathophysiology and Its Implications for Definition and Management. Gastroenterology 2022; 163:593-607. [PMID: 35398346 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The concept of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) arose in the context of maldigestion and malabsorption among patients with obvious risk factors that permitted the small bowel to be colonized by potentially injurious colonic microbiota. Such colonization resulted in clinical signs, symptoms, and laboratory abnormalities that were explicable within a coherent pathophysiological framework. Coincident with advances in medical science, diagnostic testing evolved from small bowel culture to breath tests and on to next-generation, culture-independent microbial analytics. The advent and ready availability of breath tests generated a dramatic expansion in both the rate of diagnosis of SIBO and the range of associated gastrointestinal and nongastrointestinal clinical scenarios. However, issues with the specificity of these same breath tests have clouded their interpretation and aroused some skepticism regarding the role of SIBO in this expanded clinical repertoire. Furthermore, the pathophysiological plausibility that underpins SIBO as a cause of maldigestion/malabsorption is lacking in regard to its purported role in irritable bowel syndrome, for example. One hopes that the application of an ever-expanding armamentarium of modern molecular microbiology to the human small intestinal microbiome in both health and disease will ultimately resolve this impasse and provide an objective basis for the diagnosis of SIBO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bushyhead
- Lynda K. and David M. Underwood Center for Digestive Disorders, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Houston Methodist Hospital and Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas.
| | - Eamonn M M Quigley
- Lynda K. and David M. Underwood Center for Digestive Disorders, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Houston Methodist Hospital and Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas
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Di Profio E, Magenes VC, Fiore G, Agostinelli M, La Mendola A, Acunzo M, Francavilla R, Indrio F, Bosetti A, D’Auria E, Borghi E, Zuccotti G, Verduci E. Special Diets in Infants and Children and Impact on Gut Microbioma. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153198. [PMID: 35956374 PMCID: PMC9370825 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota is a complex system that starts to take shape early in life. Several factors influence the rise of microbial gut colonization, such as term and mode of delivery, exposure to antibiotics, maternal diet, presence of siblings and family members, pets, genetics, local environment, and geographical location. Breastfeeding, complementary feeding, and later dietary patterns during infancy and toddlerhood are major players in the proper development of microbial communities. Nonetheless, if dysbiosis occurs, gut microbiota may remain impaired throughout life, leading to deleterious consequences, such as greater predisposition to non-communicable diseases, more susceptible immune system and altered gut–brain axis. Children with specific diseases (i.e., food allergies, inborn errors of metabolism, celiac disease) need a special formula and later a special diet, excluding certain foods or nutrients. We searched on PubMed/Medline, Scopus and Embase for relevant pediatric studies published over the last twenty years on gut microbiota dietary patterns and excluded case reports or series and letters. The aim of this review is to highlight the changes in the gut microbiota in infants and children fed with special formula or diets for therapeutic requirements and, its potential health implications, with respect to gut microbiota under standard diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Di Profio
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Università di Milano, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Vittoria Carlotta Magenes
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Università di Milano, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Fiore
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Università di Milano, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Agostinelli
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Università di Milano, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Alice La Mendola
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Università di Milano, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Miriam Acunzo
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Università di Milano, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Ruggiero Francavilla
- Pediatric Section, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Flavia Indrio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bosetti
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Università di Milano, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Enza D’Auria
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Università di Milano, 20154 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Elisa Borghi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Università di Milano, 20154 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, University of Milan, 20144 Milan, Italy
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center, Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Elvira Verduci
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Università di Milano, 20154 Milan, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
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Vacca M, Porrelli A, Calabrese FM, Lippolis T, Iacobellis I, Celano G, Pinto D, Russo F, Giannelli G, De Angelis M. How Metabolomics Provides Novel Insights on Celiac Disease and Gluten-Free Diet: A Narrative Review. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:859467. [PMID: 35814671 PMCID: PMC9260055 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.859467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an inflammatory autoimmune disorder triggered by the ingestion of gluten from wheat and other cereals. Nowadays, its positive diagnosis is based on invasive approaches such as the histological examination of intestinal biopsies and positive serology screening of antibodies. After proven diagnosis, the only admissible treatment for CD individuals is strict life-long adherence to gluten-free diet (GFD), although it is not a conclusive therapy. Acting by different mechanisms and with different etiologies, both CD and GFD have a great impact on gut microbiota that result in a different taxa composition. Altered production of specific metabolites reflects these microbiota changes. In this light, the currently available literature reports some suggestions about the possible use of specific metabolites, detected by meta-omics analyses, as potential biomarkers for a CD non-invasive diagnosis. To highlight insights about metabolomics application in CD study, we conducted a narrative dissertation of selected original articles published in the last decade. By applying a systematic search, it clearly emerged how the metabolomic signature appears to be contradictory, as well as poorly investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirco Vacca
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Annalisa Porrelli
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Maria Calabrese
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- *Correspondence: Francesco Maria Calabrese,
| | - Tamara Lippolis
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis,” Institute of Research, Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Ilaria Iacobellis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Celano
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Daniela Pinto
- Human Microbiome Advanced Project-HMPA, Giuliani SpA, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Russo
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis,” Institute of Research, Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis,” Institute of Research, Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Maria De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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Martínez-Rodríguez A, Loaiza-Martínez DA, Sánchez-Sánchez J, Rubio-Arias JÁ, Alacid F, Prats-Moya S, Martínez-Olcina M, Yáñez-Sepúlveda R, Asencio-Mas N, Marcos-Pardo PJ. Psychological, Physiological, and Physical Effects of Resistance Training and Personalized Diet in Celiac Women. Front Nutr 2022; 9:838364. [PMID: 35782929 PMCID: PMC9244429 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.838364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gluten intolerance is a systemic process of autoimmune nature; it develops in genetically predisposed subjects with gluten ingestion. The only treatment for celiac disease (CD) is a lifelong strict gluten-free diet (GFD). This study was designed to evaluate adherence to a GFD, risk of an eating disorder, and nutritional status in adult CD patients undergoing different interventions. Methods A total of 28 Spanish women, aged 40 years or more, took part in a randomized controlled trial. Each group received a different intervention: group 1, gluten-free nutrition plan + exercise (GFD + E); group 2, gluten-free nutrition plan (GFD); group 3, celiac controls (NO-GFD); and group 4, non-celiac controls (CONTROL). The training was prescribed by a sport scientist. It was based on resistance training with elastic bands; beforehand a warm-up was performed and the resistance was increased progressively. The variables studied were adherence to the GFD, risk of eating disorders, blood values, and body composition. Results Celiac women with personalized nutritional planning presented greater adherence to a gluten-free diet (p < 0.001). Regarding leukocytes, significant differences were observed between the GFD and control groups (p = 0.004). Perimeters and folds did not decrease significantly. Conclusion Women with celiac disease who follow an adapted and personalized diet have a better adherence to a GFD compared to those who follow a non-professional diet, and therefore have a better immune system status (blood leukocytes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Martínez-Rodríguez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL Foundation), Alicante, Spain
- *Correspondence: Alejandro Martínez-Rodríguez,
| | - Daniela Alejandra Loaiza-Martínez
- Faculty of Sports, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
- Universidad Tecnológica Indoamerica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Ambato, Ecuador
| | | | - Jacobo Á. Rubio-Arias
- Department of Education, Health Research Centre, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Fernando Alacid
- Department of Education, Health Research Centre, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Soledad Prats-Moya
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - María Martínez-Olcina
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Yáñez-Sepúlveda
- Escuela de Educación, Pedagogía en Educación Física, Universidad Viña del Mar, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Nuria Asencio-Mas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Pablo J. Marcos-Pardo
- Department of Education, Health Research Centre, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
- SPORT Research Group (CTS-1024), CERNEP Research Center, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
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Palmieri O, Castellana S, Bevilacqua A, Latiano A, Latiano T, Panza A, Fontana R, Ippolito AM, Biscaglia G, Gentile A, Gioffreda D, Decina I, Tricarico M, Sinigaglia M, Corbo MR, Mazza T, Perri F, Lamacchia C. Adherence to Gluten-Free Diet Restores Alpha Diversity in Celiac People but the Microbiome Composition Is Different to Healthy People. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122452. [PMID: 35745182 PMCID: PMC9228530 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disease with the destruction of small intestinal villi, which occurs in genetically predisposed individuals. At the present moment, a gluten-free diet (GFD) is the only way to restore the functionality of gut mucosa. However, there is an open debate on the effects of long-term supplementation through a GFD, because some authors report an unbalance in microbial taxa composition. Methods: For microbiome analysis, fecal specimens were collected from 46 CD individuals in GFD for at least 2 years and 30 specimens from the healthy controls (HC). Data were analyzed using an ensemble of software packages: QIIME2, Coda-lasso, Clr-lasso, Selbal, PICRUSt2, ALDEx2, dissimilarity-overlap analysis, and dysbiosis detection tests. Results: The adherence to GFD restored the alpha biodiversity of the gut microbiota in celiac people but microbial composition at beta diversity resulted as different to HC. The microbial composition of the CD subjects was decreased in a number of taxa, namely Bifidobacterium longum and several belonging to Lachnospiraceae family, whereas Bacteroides genus was found to be more abundant. Predicted metabolic pathways among the CD bacterial communities revealed an important role in tetrapyrrole biosynthesis. Conclusions: CD patients in GFD had a non-dysbiotic microbial composition for the crude alpha diversity metrics. We found significant differences in beta diversity, in certain taxon, and pathways between subjects with inactive CD in GFD and controls. Collectively, our data may suggest the development of new GFD products by modulating the gut microbiota through diet, supplements of vitamins, and the addition of specific prebiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orazio Palmieri
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (A.L.); (T.L.); (A.P.); (R.F.); (A.M.I.); (G.B.); (A.G.); (D.G.); (F.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Stefano Castellana
- Bioinformatics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (S.C.); (T.M.)
| | - Antonio Bevilacqua
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (A.B.); (M.S.); (M.R.C.); (C.L.)
| | - Anna Latiano
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (A.L.); (T.L.); (A.P.); (R.F.); (A.M.I.); (G.B.); (A.G.); (D.G.); (F.P.)
| | - Tiziana Latiano
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (A.L.); (T.L.); (A.P.); (R.F.); (A.M.I.); (G.B.); (A.G.); (D.G.); (F.P.)
| | - Anna Panza
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (A.L.); (T.L.); (A.P.); (R.F.); (A.M.I.); (G.B.); (A.G.); (D.G.); (F.P.)
| | - Rosanna Fontana
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (A.L.); (T.L.); (A.P.); (R.F.); (A.M.I.); (G.B.); (A.G.); (D.G.); (F.P.)
| | - Antonio Massimo Ippolito
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (A.L.); (T.L.); (A.P.); (R.F.); (A.M.I.); (G.B.); (A.G.); (D.G.); (F.P.)
| | - Giuseppe Biscaglia
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (A.L.); (T.L.); (A.P.); (R.F.); (A.M.I.); (G.B.); (A.G.); (D.G.); (F.P.)
| | - Annamaria Gentile
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (A.L.); (T.L.); (A.P.); (R.F.); (A.M.I.); (G.B.); (A.G.); (D.G.); (F.P.)
| | - Domenica Gioffreda
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (A.L.); (T.L.); (A.P.); (R.F.); (A.M.I.); (G.B.); (A.G.); (D.G.); (F.P.)
| | - Ivana Decina
- New Gluten World s.r.l., 71121 Foggia, Italy; (I.D.); (M.T.)
| | | | - Milena Sinigaglia
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (A.B.); (M.S.); (M.R.C.); (C.L.)
| | - Maria Rosaria Corbo
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (A.B.); (M.S.); (M.R.C.); (C.L.)
| | - Tommaso Mazza
- Bioinformatics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (S.C.); (T.M.)
| | - Francesco Perri
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (A.L.); (T.L.); (A.P.); (R.F.); (A.M.I.); (G.B.); (A.G.); (D.G.); (F.P.)
| | - Carmela Lamacchia
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (A.B.); (M.S.); (M.R.C.); (C.L.)
- New Gluten World s.r.l., 71121 Foggia, Italy; (I.D.); (M.T.)
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Brouns F, Geisslitz S, Guzman C, Ikeda TM, Arzani A, Latella G, Simsek S, Colomba M, Gregorini A, Zevallos V, Lullien‐Pellerin V, Jonkers D, Shewry PR. Do ancient wheats contain less gluten than modern bread wheat, in favour of better health? NUTR BULL 2022; 47:157-167. [PMID: 35915783 PMCID: PMC9322029 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Popular media messaging has led to increased public perception that gluten-containing foods are bad for health. In parallel, 'ancient grains' have been promoted with claims that they contain less gluten. There appears to be no clear definition of 'ancient grains' but the term usually includes einkorn, emmer, spelt and Khorasan wheat. Gluten is present in all wheat grains and all can induce coeliac disease (CD) in genetically susceptible individuals. Analyses of 'ancient' and 'modern' wheats show that the protein content of modern bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) has decreased over time while the starch content increased. In addition, it was shown that, compared to bread wheat, ancient wheats contain more protein and gluten and greater contents of many CD-active epitopes. Consequently, no single wheat type can be recommended as better for reducing the risks of or mitigating the severity of CD. An estimated 10% of the population of Western countries suffers from gastrointestinal symptoms that lack a clear organic cause and is often referred to as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Many of these patients consider themselves gluten sensitive, but in most cases this is not confirmed when tested in a medical setting. Instead, it may be caused by gas formation due to fermentation of fructans present in wheat or, in some patients, effects of non-gluten proteins. A significant overlap of symptoms with those of CD, IBS and inflammatory bowel disease makes a medical diagnosis a priority. This critical narrative review examines the suggestion that 'ancient' wheat types are preferred for health and better tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred Brouns
- NUTRIM‐School for Nutrition and Translational Research in MetabolismMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Sabrina Geisslitz
- Institute of Applied BiosciencesKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)KarlsruheGermany
| | - Carlos Guzman
- ETSIAMEdificio Gregor MendelUniversidad de CórdobaCórdobaSpain
| | - Tatsuya M. Ikeda
- Western Region Agricultural Research CentreNational Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NAR0)HiroshimaJapan
| | - Ahmad Arzani
- College of AgricultureIsfahan University of TechnologyIsfahanIran
| | - Giovanni Latella
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition DivisionUniversity of L’AquilaL’AquilaItaly
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Daisy Jonkers
- NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in MetabolismMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
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Gómez M. Gluten-free bakery products: Ingredients and processes. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2022; 99:189-238. [PMID: 35595394 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing demand for gluten-free products around the world because certain groups of people, which have increased in the last decades, need to eliminate gluten from their diet. A growing number of people consider gluten-free products to be healthier. However, making gluten-free products such as bread is a technological challenge due to the important role of the gluten network in their development. However, other products, such as cakes and cookies usually made with wheat flour, can easily be made with gluten-free starches or flours since gluten does not play an essential role in their production. To replace wheat flour in these elaborations it is necessary to resort to gluten-free starches and/or flours and to gluten substitutes. Additionally, it can be convenient to incorporate other ingredients such as proteins, fibers, sugars or oils, as well as to modify their quantities in wheat flour formulations. Regarding gluten-free flours, it will also be necessary to know the parameters that influence their functionality in order to obtain regular products. These problems have originated a lower availability of gluten-free products which have a worse texture and are less tasty and more expensive than their homologues with gluten. These problems have been partially solved thanks to research on these types of products, their ingredients and their production methods. In recent years, studies about the nutritional improvement of these products have increased. This chapter delves into the main ingredients used in the production of gluten-free products, the processes for making gluten-free breads, cakes and cookies, and the nutritional quality of these products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Gómez
- Food Technology Area, College of Agricultural Engineering, University of Valladolid, Palencia, Spain.
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41
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Haro C, Guzmán-López MH, Marín-Sanz M, Sánchez-León S, Vaquero L, Pastor J, Comino I, Sousa C, Vivas S, Landa BB, Barro F. Consumption of Tritordeum Bread Reduces Immunogenic Gluten Intake without Altering the Gut Microbiota. Foods 2022; 11:foods11101439. [PMID: 35627010 PMCID: PMC9142130 DOI: 10.3390/foods11101439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Gluten proteins are responsible for the wheat breadmaking quality. However, gluten is also related to human pathologies for which the only treatment is a gluten-free diet (GFD). GFD has gained popularity among individuals who want to reduce their gluten intake. Tritordeum is a cereal species that originated after crossing durum wheat with wild barley and differs from bread wheat in its gluten composition. In this work, we have characterized the immunogenic epitopes of tritordeum bread and results from a four-phase study with healthy adults for preferences of bread and alterations in the gut microbiota after consuming wheat bread, gluten-free bread, and tritordeum bread are reported. Tritordeum presented fewer peptides related to gluten proteins, CD-epitopes, and IgE binding sites than bread wheat. Participants rated tritordeum bread higher than gluten-free bread. Gut microbiota analysis revealed that the adherence to a strict GFD involves some minor changes, especially altering the species producing short-chain fatty acids. However, the short-term consumption of tritordeum bread does not induce significant changes in the diversity or community composition of the intestinal microbiota in healthy individuals. Therefore, tritordeum bread could be an alternative for healthy individuals without wheat-related pathologies who want to reduce their gluten consumption without harming their gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Haro
- Department of Crop Protection, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture—Spanish National Research Council (IAS—CSIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (C.H.); (B.B.L.)
| | - María H. Guzmán-López
- Department of Plant Breeding, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture—Spanish National Research Council (IAS—CSIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (M.M.-S.); (S.S.-L.)
- Correspondence: (M.H.G.-L.); (F.B.)
| | - Miriam Marín-Sanz
- Department of Plant Breeding, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture—Spanish National Research Council (IAS—CSIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (M.M.-S.); (S.S.-L.)
| | - Susana Sánchez-León
- Department of Plant Breeding, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture—Spanish National Research Council (IAS—CSIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (M.M.-S.); (S.S.-L.)
| | - Luis Vaquero
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of León, Biomedicine Institute, University of León, 24071 León, Spain; (L.V.); (S.V.)
| | - Jorge Pastor
- Novapan, S.L., C/Chopo, 68-70, 50171 La Puebla de Alfinden, Spain;
| | - Isabel Comino
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Seville, 41004 Seville, Spain; (I.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Carolina Sousa
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Seville, 41004 Seville, Spain; (I.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Santiago Vivas
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of León, Biomedicine Institute, University of León, 24071 León, Spain; (L.V.); (S.V.)
| | - Blanca B. Landa
- Department of Crop Protection, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture—Spanish National Research Council (IAS—CSIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (C.H.); (B.B.L.)
| | - Francisco Barro
- Department of Plant Breeding, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture—Spanish National Research Council (IAS—CSIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (M.M.-S.); (S.S.-L.)
- Correspondence: (M.H.G.-L.); (F.B.)
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Felber J, Bläker H, Fischbach W, Koletzko S, Laaß M, Lachmann N, Lorenz P, Lynen P, Reese I, Scherf K, Schuppan D, Schumann M, Aust D, Baas S, Beisel S, de Laffolie J, Duba E, Holtmeier W, Lange L, Loddenkemper C, Moog G, Rath T, Roeb E, Rubin D, Stein J, Török H, Zopf Y. Aktualisierte S2k-Leitlinie Zöliakie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gastroenterologie, Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselkrankheiten (DGVS). ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2022; 60:790-856. [PMID: 35545109 DOI: 10.1055/a-1741-5946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Felber
- Medizinische Klinik II - Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie, Endokrinologie, Hämatologie und Onkologie, RoMed Klinikum Rosenheim, Rosenheim, Deutschland
| | - Hendrik Bläker
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig AöR, Leipzig, Deutschland
| | | | - Sibylle Koletzko
- Kinderklinik und Kinderpoliklinik im Dr. von Haunerschen Kinderspital, LMU-Klinikum München, München, Deutschland.,Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, School of Medicine Collegium Medicum University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Polen
| | - Martin Laaß
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technischen Universität Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - Nils Lachmann
- Institut für Transfusionsmedizin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Pia Lorenz
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gastroenterologie, Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselkrankheiten (DGVS), Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Petra Lynen
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gastroenterologie, Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselkrankheiten (DGVS), Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Imke Reese
- Ernährungsberatung und -therapie Allergologie, München, Deutschland
| | - Katharina Scherf
- Institute of Applied Biosciences Department of Bioactive and Functional Food Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Deutschland
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institut für Translationale Immunologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Deutschland.,Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Schumann
- Medizinische Klinik I für Gastroenterologie, Infektiologie und Rheumatologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Deutschland
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Lin Z, Ma X. Dietary nutrients mediate crosstalk between bile acids and gut microbes in animal host metabolism. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:9315-9329. [PMID: 35507502 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2067118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are synthesized by liver, then gut microbes embellish primary BAs into secondary BAs with diverse and biological functions. Over the past few decades, amounts of evidences demonstrated the importance of gut microbes in BA metabolism. There is also significant evidence that BAs are regarded as cell signals in gut-liver, gut-brain, and gut-testis axis. Moreover, the interaction between BAs and gut microbes plays a key role not only in the absorption and metabolism of nutrients, but the regulation of immune function. Herein, we collected the major information of the BA metabolism-related bacteria, nutrients, and cell signals, focused on the possible molecular mechanisms by "Microbes-Bile acids" crosstalk, highlighted the gut-liver, gut-brain, and gut-testis axis, and discussed the possibility and application of the regulation of BA metabolism by nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zishen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Personalized Nutrition in the Management of Female Infertility: New Insights on Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091918. [PMID: 35565885 PMCID: PMC9105997 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence on the significance of nutrition in reproduction is emerging from both animal and human studies, suggesting a mutual association between nutrition and female fertility. Different “fertile” dietary patterns have been studied; however, in humans, conflicting results or weak correlations are often reported, probably because of the individual variations in genome, proteome, metabolome, and microbiome and the extent of exposure to different environmental conditions. In this scenario, “precision nutrition”, namely personalized dietary patterns based on deep phenotyping and on metabolomics, microbiome, and nutrigenetics of each case, might be more efficient for infertile patients than applying a generic nutritional approach. In this review, we report on new insights into the nutritional management of infertile patients, discussing the main nutrigenetic, nutrigenomic, and microbiomic aspects that should be investigated to achieve effective personalized nutritional interventions. Specifically, we will focus on the management of low-grade chronic inflammation, which is associated with several infertility-related diseases.
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Fornasaro S, Esposito A, Florian F, Pallavicini A, De Leo L, Not T, Lagatolla C, Mezzarobba M, Di Silvestre A, Sergo V, Bonifacio A. Spectroscopic investigation of faeces with surface-enhanced Raman scattering: a case study with coeliac patients on gluten-free diet. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:3517-3527. [PMID: 35258650 PMCID: PMC9018641 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-03975-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of faecal samples can be obtained by adding AuNP to their methanol extracts according to the reported protocol, and display bands that are due to bilirubin-like species but also to xanthine and hypoxanthine, two metabolic products secreted by gut bacteria. A total of 27 faecal samples from three different groups, i.e. coeliac patients (n = 9), coeliac patients on gluten-free diet (n = 10) and a control group (n = 8), were characterized with both SERS spectroscopy and 16S rRNA sequencing analysis. Significant differences are present between SERS spectra of coeliac patients and those on gluten-free diet, with a marked increase in the relative intensity of both xanthine and hypoxanthine for the latter. Interestingly, these differences do not correlate with bacterial composition as derived from 16S rRNA sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Fornasaro
- Raman Spectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, P.le Europa 1, 34100, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandro Esposito
- Raman Spectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, P.le Europa 1, 34100, Trieste, Italy
| | - Fiorella Florian
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Edoardo Weiss 2, 34128, Trieste, TS, Italy
| | - Alberto Pallavicini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Edoardo Weiss 2, 34128, Trieste, TS, Italy
| | - Luigina De Leo
- Institute for Maternal Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo" Trieste, via dell'Istria 65/1, 34100, Trieste, Italy
| | - Tarcisio Not
- Institute for Maternal Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo" Trieste, via dell'Istria 65/1, 34100, Trieste, Italy
| | - Cristina Lagatolla
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Edoardo Weiss 2, 34128, Trieste, TS, Italy
| | - Marica Mezzarobba
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Edoardo Weiss 2, 34128, Trieste, TS, Italy
| | - Alessia Di Silvestre
- Raman Spectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, P.le Europa 1, 34100, Trieste, Italy
| | - Valter Sergo
- Raman Spectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, P.le Europa 1, 34100, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alois Bonifacio
- Raman Spectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, P.le Europa 1, 34100, Trieste, Italy.
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Mohammed AD, Hall N, Chatzistamou I, Jolly A, Kubinak JL. Gluten-free diet exposure prohibits pathobiont expansion and gluten sensitive enteropathy in B cell deficient JH-/- mice. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264977. [PMID: 35324937 PMCID: PMC8946719 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, celiac disease (CeD) is a T-cell-driven gluten-sensitive enteropathy (GSE) localized to the small bowel (duodenum). The presence of antibodies specific for gluten- and self-antigens are commonly used diagnostic biomarkers of CeD and are considered to play a role in GSE pathogenesis. Previously, we have described an apparent T-cell-mediated GSE in CD19-/- mice, which develop weak and abnormal B cell responses. Here, we expand on this observation and use a mouse model of complete B cell deficiency (JH-/- mice), to show that absence of a humoral immune response also promotes development of a GSE. Furthermore, 16S analysis of microbial communities in the small intestine demonstrates that a gluten-free diet suppresses the expansion of anaerobic bacteria in the small intestine and colonization of the small intestine by a specific pathobiont. Finally, we also observe that SI enteropathy in mice fed a gluten-rich diet is positively correlated with the abundance of several microbial peptidase genes, which supports that bacterial metabolism of gluten may be an important driver of GSE in our model. Collectively, results from our experiments indicate that JH-/- mice will be a useful resource to investigators seeking to empirically delineate the contribution of humoral immunity on GSE pathogenesis, and support the hypothesis that humoral immunity promotes tolerance to gluten.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Dawood Mohammed
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States of America
| | - Nia Hall
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States of America
| | - Ioulia Chatzistamou
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States of America
| | - Amy Jolly
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States of America
| | - Jason Lee Kubinak
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States of America
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Di Domenico M, Ballini A, Boccellino M, Scacco S, Lovero R, Charitos IA, Santacroce L. The Intestinal Microbiota May Be a Potential Theranostic Tool for Personalized Medicine. J Pers Med 2022; 12:523. [PMID: 35455639 PMCID: PMC9024566 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12040523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human intestine is colonized by a huge number of microorganisms from the moment of birth. This set of microorganisms found throughout the human body, is called the microbiota; the microbiome indicates the totality of genes that the microbiota can express, i.e., its genetic heritage. Thus, microbiota participates in and influences the proper functioning of the organism. The microbiota is unique for each person; it differs in the types of microorganisms it contains, the number of each microorganism, and the ratio between them, but mainly it changes over time and under the influence of many factors. Therefore, the correct functioning of the human body depends not only on the expression of its genes but also on the expression of the genes of the microorganisms it coexists with. This fact makes clear the enormous interest of community science in studying the relationship of the human microbiota with human health and the incidence of disease. The microbiota is like a unique personalized "mold" for each person; it differs quantitatively and qualitatively for the microorganisms it contains together with the relationship between them, and it changes over time and under the influence of many factors. We are attempting to modulate the microbial components in the human intestinal microbiota over time to provide positive feedback on the health of the host, from intestinal diseases to cancer. These interventions to modulate the intestinal microbiota as well as to identify the relative microbiome (genetic analysis) can range from dietary (with adjuvant prebiotics or probiotics) to fecal transplantation. This article researches the recent advances in these strategies by exploring their advantages and limitations. Furthermore, we aim to understand the relationship between intestinal dysbiosis and pathologies, through the research of resident microbiota, that would allow the personalization of the therapeutic antibiotic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Di Domenico
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.D.D.); (M.B.)
| | - Andrea Ballini
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.D.D.); (M.B.)
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Boccellino
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.D.D.); (M.B.)
| | - Salvatore Scacco
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Roberto Lovero
- AOU Policlinico Consorziale di Bari-Ospedale Giovanni XXIII, Clinical Pathology Unit, Policlinico University Hospital of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Ioannis Alexandros Charitos
- Department of Emergency and Urgency, National Poisoning Centre, Riuniti University Hospital of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Luigi Santacroce
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
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48
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Varma S, Green PH, Krishnareddy S. Clinical Factors Associated With Positive Stool PCR for Gastrointestinal Pathogens in Celiac and Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Clin Gastroenterol 2022; 56:e196-e202. [PMID: 34999647 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000001657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
GOALS We aimed to identify the clinical factors of celiac disease (CeD) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) associated with positive stool gastrointestinal (GI) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. BACKGROUND Understanding the pattern of enteric infections in CeD and IBD may allow further insight into microbiome-mediated pathogeneses. STUDY This was a retrospective study of adult patients (age 18 y or above) with CeD and IBD at a large quaternary care institution. We identified patients with CeD or IBD who underwent stool GIPCR evaluation as outpatients (office visit or at endoscopy) between March 2015 and March 2019. Patients with a negative GIPCR test within the study time frame were randomly chosen as controls (1 : 1). The independent relationship between clinical characteristics and positive GIPCR was evaluated using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS A total of 266 patients met criteria for the study, including 92 (35%) with CeD and 174 (65%) with IBD. On multivariable analysis of factors associated with positive GIPCR test, CeD patients were more likely to have diarrheal presentation of illness [odds ratio (OR): 2.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05-6.72], experience extraintestinal manifestations (OR: 2.49, 95% CI: 1.01-6.31), and practice a gluten-free diet for at least 5 years (OR: 4.00, 95% CI: 1.36-11.67), relative to those with a negative GIPCR test. IBD patients with positive GIPCR were more likely to be on corticosteroids (OR: 2.23, 95% CI: 1.02-5.4.84), experience extraintestinal manifestations (OR: 2.60, 95% CI: 1.22-5.53), and use proton-pump inhibitors (OR: 4.07, 95% CI: 1.69-9.77). CONCLUSIONS Intestinal infections in CeD and IBD are associated with important disease-specific characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanskriti Varma
- Department of Medicine, New-York Presbyterian Columbia University Medical Center
| | - Peter H Green
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Suneeta Krishnareddy
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
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49
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Trakman GL, Fehily S, Basnayake C, Hamilton AL, Russell E, Wilson-O'Brien A, Kamm MA. Diet and gut microbiome in gastrointestinal disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 37:237-245. [PMID: 34716949 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The composition and function of the dynamic microbial community that constitutes the gut microbiome is continuously shaped by the host genome, mode of birth delivery, geography, life stage, antibiotic consumption, and diet. Diet is one of the most potent factors in determining microbiome integrity. Dietary factors in early life appear to substantially determine the risk of later health or disease; for example, exposure to ultra-processed foods in childhood or adolescence may increase the risk of the later development of inflammatory bowel disease or colorectal cancer, thought to be mediated by modulation of the gut microbiota. Dietary factors when gut diseases are established influence symptoms and disease activity, can form a risk factor for ongoing disease, or can be used as therapy to decrease disease activity. The characterization of dietary content is currently complex and imperfect, but tools are emerging to define precisely the nature of dietary composition. Similarly, the revolution in microbial analysis allows greater understanding of how diet influences microbial composition and function. Defining the interaction between diet, the gut microbiome, and gastrointestinal disease is leading to radical changes in our clinical approach to these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina L Trakman
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Dietetics, Human Nutrition and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sasha Fehily
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chamara Basnayake
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amy L Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Erin Russell
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amy Wilson-O'Brien
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael A Kamm
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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50
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Craciun CI, Neag MA, Catinean A, Mitre AO, Rusu A, Bala C, Roman G, Buzoianu AD, Muntean DM, Craciun AE. The Relationships between Gut Microbiota and Diabetes Mellitus, and Treatments for Diabetes Mellitus. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020308. [PMID: 35203519 PMCID: PMC8869176 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is considered to be a global epidemic. The combination of genetic susceptibility and an unhealthy lifestyle is considered to be the main trigger of this metabolic disorder. Recently, there has been increased interest in the roles of gut microbiota as a new potential contributor to this epidemic. Research, in recent years, has contributed to an in-depth characterization of the human microbiome and its associations with various diseases, including metabolic diseases and diabetes mellitus. It is known that diet can change the composition of gut microbiota, but it is unclear how this, in turn, may influence metabolism. The main objective of this review is to evaluate the pathogenetic association between microbiota and diabetes and to explore any new therapeutic agents, including nutraceuticals that may modulate the microbiota. We also look at several mechanisms involved in this process. There is a clear, bidirectional relationship between microbiota and diabetes. Current treatments for diabetes influence microbiota in various ways, some beneficial, but others with still unclear effects. Microbiota-aimed treatments have seen no real-world significant effects on the progression of diabetes and its complications, with more studies needed in order to find a really beneficial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian-Ioan Craciun
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.-I.C.); (A.-D.B.)
| | - Maria-Adriana Neag
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.-I.C.); (A.-D.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Adrian Catinean
- Department of Internal Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Andrei-Otto Mitre
- Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Adriana Rusu
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.R.); (C.B.); (G.R.); (A.-E.C.)
| | - Cornelia Bala
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.R.); (C.B.); (G.R.); (A.-E.C.)
| | - Gabriela Roman
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.R.); (C.B.); (G.R.); (A.-E.C.)
| | - Anca-Dana Buzoianu
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.-I.C.); (A.-D.B.)
| | - Dana-Maria Muntean
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Anca-Elena Craciun
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.R.); (C.B.); (G.R.); (A.-E.C.)
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