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Wei X, Zhao L, Fang H, Chen M, Piao W, Ju L, Cai S, Yang Y, Li Y, Li F, Li J, Nan J, Yu D. Deficiency of Energy and Nutrient and Gender Differences among Chinese Adults: China Nutrition and Health Survey (2015-2017). Nutrients 2024; 16:2371. [PMID: 39064814 PMCID: PMC11279486 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Half of Chinese adults face the double burden of overweight/obesity and micronutrient deficiencies, and nearly 40% of them are severely overweight/obese or have micronutrient deficiencies. This study used the data from China Nutrition and Health Survey (CNHS) from 2015 to 2017 to estimate the prevalence of inadequate dietary micronutrient intake (including vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin C, cCalcium, iron and sodium) in Chinese adults and further determine the differences in micronutrient intake by gender, age and BMI. A total of 61,768 subjects were included in this study, of which 33,262 (54%) were female. The intake of energy and all macronutrients decreased with age, and the intake was higher in men than in women. Inadequate energy intake occurs in adults of all ages. In terms of nutrient intake, women had a higher rate of insufficient carbohydrate intake than men in all age groups. Inadequate protein intake was more common in women aged 18-49 years (60.9%) than in men. Compared with women, men had a higher rate of vitamin B2 intake. Insufficient vitamin B3 intake was more common in women aged 18-49 years (35.6%), men aged 65-79 years (39.7%) and men aged 80 years and above (47.9%). In all age groups, insufficient vitamin C intake is higher in women than in men-up to 85.8 percent in women aged 80 years old and above. Compared with men in the same age group, insufficient intake of calcium and iron is more obvious in women. Women have significantly higher rates of inadequate intake of calcium, iron and sodium than men. In the analysis of correlations between BMI or demographic data and micronutrient intakes, the likelihood of micronutrient intakes being insufficient was higher in the central and western regions in all age groups compared to the eastern regions. The risk of insufficient micronutrient intake was higher in obese men and women aged 18-49 years and 50-64 years. Underweight and overweight women in the 65-79 age group were more likely to have inadequate micronutrient intake. Obese women over 80 years of age were less likely to have inadequate micronutrient intake. No significant difference was found between urban and rural areas for each age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Wei
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Public Nutrition and Health, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing 100050, China; (X.W.); (L.Z.); (H.F.); (W.P.); (L.J.); (S.C.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (F.L.); (J.L.); (J.N.)
| | - Liyun Zhao
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Public Nutrition and Health, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing 100050, China; (X.W.); (L.Z.); (H.F.); (W.P.); (L.J.); (S.C.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (F.L.); (J.L.); (J.N.)
| | - Hongyun Fang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Public Nutrition and Health, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing 100050, China; (X.W.); (L.Z.); (H.F.); (W.P.); (L.J.); (S.C.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (F.L.); (J.L.); (J.N.)
| | - Mulei Chen
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China;
| | - Wei Piao
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Public Nutrition and Health, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing 100050, China; (X.W.); (L.Z.); (H.F.); (W.P.); (L.J.); (S.C.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (F.L.); (J.L.); (J.N.)
| | - Lahong Ju
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Public Nutrition and Health, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing 100050, China; (X.W.); (L.Z.); (H.F.); (W.P.); (L.J.); (S.C.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (F.L.); (J.L.); (J.N.)
| | - Shuya Cai
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Public Nutrition and Health, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing 100050, China; (X.W.); (L.Z.); (H.F.); (W.P.); (L.J.); (S.C.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (F.L.); (J.L.); (J.N.)
| | - Yuxiang Yang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Public Nutrition and Health, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing 100050, China; (X.W.); (L.Z.); (H.F.); (W.P.); (L.J.); (S.C.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (F.L.); (J.L.); (J.N.)
| | - Yuge Li
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Public Nutrition and Health, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing 100050, China; (X.W.); (L.Z.); (H.F.); (W.P.); (L.J.); (S.C.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (F.L.); (J.L.); (J.N.)
| | - Fusheng Li
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Public Nutrition and Health, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing 100050, China; (X.W.); (L.Z.); (H.F.); (W.P.); (L.J.); (S.C.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (F.L.); (J.L.); (J.N.)
| | - Jiaxi Li
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Public Nutrition and Health, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing 100050, China; (X.W.); (L.Z.); (H.F.); (W.P.); (L.J.); (S.C.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (F.L.); (J.L.); (J.N.)
| | - Jing Nan
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Public Nutrition and Health, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing 100050, China; (X.W.); (L.Z.); (H.F.); (W.P.); (L.J.); (S.C.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (F.L.); (J.L.); (J.N.)
| | - Dongmei Yu
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, NHC Key Laboratory of Public Nutrition and Health, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing 100050, China; (X.W.); (L.Z.); (H.F.); (W.P.); (L.J.); (S.C.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (F.L.); (J.L.); (J.N.)
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Bird JK, Feskens EJM, Melse-Boonstra A. A Systematized Review of the Relationship Between Obesity and Vitamin C Requirements. Curr Dev Nutr 2024; 8:102152. [PMID: 38666038 PMCID: PMC11039309 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.102152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity rates have increased globally in recent decades. Body weight is used as a modifiable factor in determining vitamin requirements. Accordingly, vitamin C requirements are volumetrically scaled from data for healthy weight males to other age- and sex-based categories. Likewise, it is possible that increases in body weight due to obesity may affect vitamin C needs. A systematized literature review was performed to summarize evidence on whether obesity affects vitamin C intake or status. The literature was also scanned for potential mechanisms for the relationship. Many observational studies showed that vitamin C status is lower in overweight and obese children and adults; this may be explained by lower vitamin C intakes. Nevertheless, a reanalysis of carefully conducted intervention studies has demonstrated a lower vitamin C status in participants who were overweight or obese when given the same dose of vitamin C as subjects of normal weight. Several mechanisms have been proposed to potentially explain why vitamin C status is lower in people with obesity: changes in vitamin C partitioning between lean and adipose tissue, volumetric dilution, metabolic alterations due to obesity, and gut microbial dysbiosis. Depletion-repletion or pharmacokinetic studies that include individuals of diverse body weights and ages would be helpful to further investigate whether obesity increases requirements for vitamin C. The current evidence base supports a lower vitamin C status in people who are overweight or obese; however, the association may be attenuated by lower vitamin C intakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K Bird
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Edith JM Feskens
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Alida Melse-Boonstra
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Liu L, Melse-Boonstra A, van der Werf W, Zhang F, Cong WF, Stomph TJ. The potential of biofortification technologies for wheat and rice to fill the nutritional Zn intake gap in China. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:2651-2659. [PMID: 37985380 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc (Zn) deficiency in humans is of worldwide concern. The objective of this study was to investigate the Zn intake gap in Chinese adults and identify the potential role of biofortification technologies for wheat and rice, including crop nutrient management and breeding, in filling the gap. RESULTS We use data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey in 2011 to identify food consumption patterns and dietary Zn intake of 4512 adults to define and quantify the Zn intake gap in the population. The dietary Zn intake gap of surveyed adults ranged from -0.8 to 6.53 mg day-1 across nine provinces and differences were associated with differences in food consumption patterns. Both dietary Zn intake and Zn gap for males were higher than for females. The potential of changes in five management strategies (improved nitrogen fertilization, improved phosphorus fertilization, foliar Zn fertilization, improved water management and growing varieties reaching the grain Zn breeding target) was analyzed. Breeding and foliar Zn fertilization were shown to be the two most effective management strategies that could increase dietary intake by 1.29 to 5 mg Zn day-1 dependent on sex and province. CONCLUSION This study shows that the Zn gap varied across regions in China, with some large enough to warrant interventions. Wheat and rice as two major Zn sources could be targeted without a direct need for dietary diversification. By promoting both biofortification breeding of wheat and rice and Zn fertilization, dietary Zn intake could be enhanced to contribute to human health improvement in China. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alida Melse-Boonstra
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wopke van der Werf
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fusuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wen-Feng Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tjeerd Jan Stomph
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Qian Y, Che Z, Fu C, Chen X, Zeng J, Zhang X, Zeng Y, Yin J. Study on the Association Between Dietary Quality and Overweight/Obesity of Han Nationality with Cold in Yunnan Plateau by DBI-16 - A Study Based on a Multi-Ethnic Cohort in China. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:2311-2327. [PMID: 37554425 PMCID: PMC10405812 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s420260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, with the rapidly development of economic globalization, residents' dietary structure has undergone major changes, and diet have emerged as an important environmental factors linked to the increased incidence of obesity. Therefore, evaluating the overall dietary quality and structure of residents, further clarifying the main dietary factors that lead to disease occurrence, is of great practical significance for disease prevention and control. METHODS Baseline data from the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort study (CMEC), Han people living in high-altitude and cold regions of Yunnan Province, which was 1518 participants. In this study, the dietary balance index (DBI-16) was used (i) To evaluate the dietary quality of Han nationality residents 30-79 years old in the Yunnan plateau; (ii) To analyze the correlation between the dietary quality and overweight/obesity; (iii) And to provide reference basis of nutritional intervention for local residents and explore the main dietary factors affecting their health status. RESULTS The dietary structure of the Han nationality residents in the cold regions of Yunnan plateau is unreasonable. Firstly, the intake of cereals, fruits, dairy, eggs and fishes is insufficient to varying degrees, while the intake of beans, poultry, and cooking oil is relatively high. Secondly, the dietary patterns of normal groups, the overweight and obese groups obeyed the A, E, H and I dietary patterns, and the serum Leptin and adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP) levels of the overweight and obese group were higher than the normal group between the different dietary patterns (P < 0.05, r > 0). Additionally, excessive dietary intake was positively correlated with a higher serum UCP1 level (P < 0.05, r > 0). In comparison, insufficient dietary intake was positively correlated with a higher serum A-FABP level (P < 0.05, r > 0). CONCLUSION Through the DBI-16, it is found that the dietary structure of the Han nationality residents in the cold regions of Yunnan plateau was in a serious imbalance state, and nutritional guidance and intervention should be further strengthened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Qian
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuohang Che
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuanwen Fu
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinqiang Chen
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Zeng
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuehui Zhang
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongli Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianzhong Yin
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, People’s Republic of China
- Baoshan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Baoshan, 678000, People’s Republic of China
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Ma L, Schluter PJ. Urban-rural disparity in body mass index: is dietary knowledge a mechanism? Evidence from the China Health and Nutrition Survey 2004-2015. J Glob Health 2023; 13:04064. [PMID: 37499124 PMCID: PMC10374270 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.13.04064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The co-existence of undernutrition and overweight/obesity has been recognised as a severe challenge in China, with substantial urban-rural disparity. We evaluated short- and long-term associations of urban-rural locality on body mass index (BMI) in Chinese adults overall and stratified by sex, focusing on whether dietary knowledge plays a mediating role. Methods We used cross-sectional and longitudinal study designs with structural equation modelling based on the 2004 (T1) and 2015 (T2) waves of the China Health and Nutrition Survey. We adjusted the models for covariates and performed sensitivity analyses. Results We cross-sectionally analysed 8932 (53.1% women) and 11 216 adults (54.3% women) at T1 and T2, respectively, and longitudinally investigated 4073 adults (55.6% women) in both T1 and T2. The estimated average dietary knowledge and mean BMI increased from T1 to T2. At each time point, we found significant indications of direct (e.g. urban-rural locality to BMI, urban-rural locality to dietary knowledge, and dietary knowledge to BMI) and indirect associations (e.g. urban-rural locality to dietary knowledge to BMI) overall and for men and women (except that urban-rural locality to BMI) separately. The long-term association between urban-rural locality and BMI attenuated over time and was not mediated by dietary knowledge change alone. Nevertheless, dietary knowledge interacted with BMI, which acted as a pathway from urban-rural locality to BMI in the long term. Conclusions Urban-rural disparity in BMI persists in Chinese adults and is mediated by dietary knowledge. Policy and educational efforts to improve dietary knowledge among rural people may reduce China's urban-rural disparity in BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ma
- The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Faculty of Health, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Philip J Schluter
- Faculty of Health, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
- School of Clinical Medicine, Primary Care Clinical Unit, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Qu X, Na X, Yang J, Yu H, Chen A, Zhao A. Reaching and maintaining higher dietary diversity is associated with decreased risk of all-cause mortality: A longitudinal study from the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Front Nutr 2022; 9:947290. [PMID: 36225878 PMCID: PMC9549334 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.947290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is generally believed that higher dietary diversity is associated with better health status. The dietary diversity of individuals may change with age; however, evidence on the trajectory of change in the long-term and whether it is related to all-cause mortality is still scant. In this study, we used data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) collected in five follow-ups between 2004 and 2015 to explore the association between changes in dietary diversity scores (DDS) and all-cause mortality, as well as the dynamic change in DDS with age. In total, 6,737 subjects (aged between 30 and 60 at enrollment) were included in the analysis. Latent Class Trajectory Modeling (LCTM) was used to explore the different trajectories of DDS changes among participants. Four classes were identified: class 1 with the lowest average DDS (3.0) that showed a gradual decline during the follow-ups; class 2 with relatively low DDS (4.0) that experienced slight growth; class 3 with medium DDS (5.2) that also demonstrated similar growth rate to class 2; and class 4 with the highest DDS (6.7) maintained at a high level. Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied to investigate the association between the DDS trajectories and the risk of death. Only class 4, which was characterized by the highest and stable DDS, had significant reduced risk of all-cause mortality of 71.0% (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.29; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.10–0.83), 68% (HR: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.11–0.89), and 66.0% (HR: 0.34; 95% CI: 0.12–0.94), compared to classes 1, 2, and 3, respectively, while the first three classes showed no significant inter-class differences. When considering the average DDS during the study period, each point of increase in DDS corresponded to a 22% reduced risk of mortality (HR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.69–0.89). In summary, reaching and maintaining a higher DDS was associated with a decreased risk of all-cause mortality. Therefore, promoting diversified eating and increasing the accessibility of varieties of foods should be paid more attention from policymakers and be more emphasized in dietary guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Qu
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaona Na
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Haoran Yu
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Aiwen Chen
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Ai Zhao
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ai Zhao
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On-the-Pack Voluntary Well-Being Messaging for Milks Targeting Chinese Older Adults: A Content Analysis. Foods 2022; 11:foods11152212. [PMID: 35892798 PMCID: PMC9331808 DOI: 10.3390/foods11152212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
China is experiencing severe population aging. Given that milks targeting older adults are one of the most popular foods designed for Chinese older adults (COA), this study investigated on-the-pack (OTP) voluntary well-being messaging (VWM, ways of communicating a product's broad well-being benefits through information on food content or statements linked to favourable components, functions, or well-being outcomes) for milk targeting COA. Over 200 products identified from two sources (JD.com and Mintel's global new products database), were analysed for type, content, and VWM frequency for different brand origins and milk sources of various animal species, nutrition claim regulation compliance and alignment with nutrition facts. The results suggested: (1) different brand origins (domestic vs. international) and milk source (cow vs. goat) highlighted different well-being aspects of products, (2) three products failed to comply with government regulations made for nutrition labelling of pre-packed foods (GB 28050-2011), but (3) excepting fat, all 'contains' claims and most 'high' claims did not reflect significantly greater levels of nutrients, compared to products with no claims. The findings create a comprehensive picture of OTP VWM for milks targeting older adults in China, providing useful information for consumer, domestic, and international dairy industries, and policymakers.
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Wang Z, Lin T, Wei Y, Song Y, Liu L, Zhou Z, Huang X, Chen P, Liu C, Li Y, Wang B, Li J, Zhang Y, Huo Y, Zhang H, Xu X, Qin X, Guo H. A Cross-Sectional Study of the Distribution Patterns and Potential Determinants in Plasma Selenium Status Among Chinese Adults With Hypertension. Front Nutr 2022; 9:882309. [PMID: 35656161 PMCID: PMC9152156 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.882309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element in selenoproteins biosynthesis for the human body and plays an important role in the prevention and control of subsequent cardiovascular disease in adults with hypertension. However, reports on Se status and its potential determinants in populations from different regions of China are limited, especially data on adults with hypertension, a high-risk group more vulnerable to oxidative stress. Thus, we conducted a cross-sectional study from February 2017 to May 2018 of 2,599 participants (1,389 men and 1,210 women) on middle-aged to elderly adults with hypertension with a mean age of 63.1 years (SD 13.3) from 14 provinces of China and aimed to examine the relationship of plasma Se status with demographic characteristics and lifestyles. Overall, the male participants (mean value 75.0 μg/L) tended to have higher plasma Se concentrations than the female participants (73.7 μg/L) when controlling for relevant factors. There were significant differences among regions, and in age and body mass index (BMI) in plasma Se distribution, and plasma Se concentrations were significantly lower among those in the regions with relatively lower Se, aged 60 years or older, and with BMI lower than 28 kg/m2. Moreover, a higher frequency of meat consumption (1-2 or ≥3 times/week vs. <1 time/week) was significantly associated with higher plasma Se concentrations in men and women, and male alcohol drinkers had significantly higher plasma Se concentrations than non-alcohol drinkers. Adequate consumption of fruits and vegetables (0.5-1.5 kg/week) was associated with higher plasma Se concentrations among women, but was associated with relatively lower plasma Se concentrations in men. Our results indicated relatively low plasma Se status in Chinese adults with hypertension from 14 provinces, while specific factors including geographic, demographic, and lifestyle characteristics and blood pressure were significantly associated with plasma Se status in this hypertensive population. In addition, more studies are required to further evaluate dietary structure and other lifestyle factors that influence circulating Se status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tengfei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yaping Wei
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Song
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lishun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ping Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengzhang Liu
- Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Youbao Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Binyan Wang
- Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Shenzhen Evergreen Medical Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianping Li
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Huo
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianhui Qin
- Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiyuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Effects of paternal overnutrition and interventions on future generations. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:901-917. [PMID: 35022547 PMCID: PMC9050512 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-01042-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the last two decades, evidence from human and animal studies suggests that paternal obesity around the time of conception can have adverse effects on offspring health through developmental programming. This may make significant contributions to the current epidemic of obesity and related metabolic and reproductive complications like diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and subfertility/infertility. To date, changes in seminal fluid composition, sperm DNA methylation, histone composition, small non-coding RNAs, and sperm DNA damage have been proposed as potential underpinning mechanism to program offspring health. In this review, we discuss current human and rodent evidence on the impact of paternal obesity/overnutrition on offspring health, followed by the proposed mechanisms, with a focus on sperm DNA damage underpinning paternal programming. We also summarize the different intervention strategies implemented to minimize effects of paternal obesity. Upon critical review of literature, we find that obesity-induced altered sperm quality in father is linked with compromised offspring health. Paternal exercise intervention before conception has been shown to improve metabolic health. Further work to explore the mechanisms underlying benefits of paternal exercise on offspring are warranted. Conversion to healthy diets and micronutrient supplementation during pre-conception have shown some positive impacts towards minimizing the impact of paternal obesity on offspring. Pharmacological approaches e.g., metformin are also being applied. Thus, interventions in the obese father may ameliorate the potential detrimental impacts of paternal obesity on offspring.
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10
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He Y, Fang Y, Bromage S, Fung TT, Bhupathiraju SN, Batis C, Deitchler M, Fawzi W, Stampfer MJ, Hu FB, Willett WC, Li Y. Application of the Global Diet Quality Score in Chinese Adults to Evaluate the Double Burden of Nutrient Inadequacy and Metabolic Syndrome. J Nutr 2021; 151:93S-100S. [PMID: 34689199 PMCID: PMC8542094 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The double burdens of under- and overnutrition are changing the health of individuals and the economic and disease burdens in China. Poor diet plays an important role; however, a valid and easily operationalized metric that could capture the full range of characteristics of the diet that are relevant to both under- and overnutrition is lacking in China. OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine the application of the Global Diet Quality Score (GDQS) to evaluate nutrient inadequacy and metabolic syndrome in different demographic groups of Chinese adults. METHODS A total of 35,146 individuals (men 14,978, women 20,168) aged >18 y from the 2010-2012 China National Nutrition and Health Survey were included. We scored the GDQS using average intakes of 25 food groups from 3 d of 24-h dietary recalls. Double burden was defined as coexisting metabolic syndrome and nutrient inadequacy. RESULTS Diet quality assessed by GDQS was significantly higher in urban than in rural residents (20.8 compared with 18.7), and increased with both educational level and household income (P-trends < 0.0001). A higher GDQS score was inversely associated with metabolic syndrome and nutrient inadequacy, or both (P-trends < 0.0001): multivariate adjusted ORs comparing extreme quintiles of GDQS were 0.79 (95% CI: 0.69, 0.91) for metabolic syndrome, 0.17 (95% CI: 0.14, 0.20) for nutrient inadequacy, and 0.59 (95% CI: 0.50, 0.69) for the double burden. These associations were consistent across different household income levels (P-interaction = 0.26), suggestively stronger in younger (<50 y), females, urban residents, and the more highly educated (P-interaction < 0.05) compared with their counterparts. CONCLUSIONS A higher GDQS was inversely associated with a double burden of nutrient inadequacy and metabolic syndrome across various subgroups of Chinese adults. The finding supports the use of the GDQS in different demographic groups of Chinese adults to assess diet quality and nutritional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna He
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yuehui Fang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Sabri Bromage
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Teresa T Fung
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Simmons University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shilpa N Bhupathiraju
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carolina Batis
- CONACYT—Health and Nutrition Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Megan Deitchler
- Intake – Center for Dietary Assessment, FHI Solutions, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Wafaie Fawzi
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meir J Stampfer
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Walter C Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yanping Li
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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11
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Tan T, Leung CW. Associations between perceived stress and BMI and waist circumference in Chinese adults: data from the 2015 China Health and Nutrition Survey. Public Health Nutr 2021; 24:4965-4974. [PMID: 33308370 PMCID: PMC11082812 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980020005054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the association between perceived stress and adiposity among Chinese adults. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. Perceived stress was assessed using the 14-item perceived stress scale. Associations between quintiles of perceived stress and BMI and waist circumference were assessed using linear regression models and multinomial regression models. Estimates were adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics. SETTING 2015 China Health and Nutrition Survey: 12 provinces covering a variety of geographic, economic development and health indicator situations. PARTICIPANTS A total of 8385 adults of both sexes, aged 18-99 years, were included. RESULTS Overall, the mean perceived stress score was 22·7 (6·2), mean BMI was 24·3 (3·6) kg/m2 and prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) was 6·0 %. There were inverse associations between perceived stress quintiles with continuous BMI (P < 0·001), BMI categories (P = 0·015) and waist circumference (P = 0·047). Compared to adults in the lowest quintile of perceived stress, adults in the highest quintile of perceived stress had 0·44 kg/m2 lower mean BMI (95 % CI: -0·67, -0·21), 0·72 times the prevalence of obesity (95 % CI: 0·55, 0·94) and 0·73 times the prevalence of abdominal obesity (95 % CI: 0·61, 0·88). Results were similar when using Chinese-specific cut-points. CONCLUSION Our results showed inverse associations between perceived stress quintiles and adiposity among Chinese adults. Future studies should aim to better understand the directionality of the observed associations and the potential biological and behavioural mechanisms underlying these associations in the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tan
- School of Sociology and Population Studies, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Cindy W Leung
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, SPH I, Ann Arbor, MI48104, USA
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Zhang Q, Ruan Y, Hu W, Li J, Zhao J, Peng M, Wan R, Min X, He S, Liu Z. Perceived social support and diet quality among ethnic minority groups in Yunnan Province, Southwestern China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1726. [PMID: 34551756 PMCID: PMC8459473 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11787-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Social support is an important health determinant and may affect dietary behaviors. The purpose of this study was to examine the relations between perceived social support and the Chinese Diet Balance Index-16 (DBI-16) among ethnic minority groups in Southwest China. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted between May 2019 and August 2020 among six ethnic minority groups native to Yunnan Province (n = 3564). Perceived social support from family, friends and significant others were measured with the Multi-dimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Dietary data were obtained using a 100-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and a lifestyle questionnaire. Lower Bound Score (LBS), Higher Bound Score (HBS) and Diet Quality Distance (DQD) which represent inadequate, excessive and unbalanced food intake respectively were calculated to measure the compliance with the recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines for Chinese 2016. Results One thousand four hundred ninety-six men and two thousand sixty-eight women were included. 51.2% of the subjects had moderate or high levels of inadequate intake; 21.3% had moderate or high levels of excessive intake; and 74.0% had moderate or high levels of unbalanced dietary intake. With potential confounders adjusted, support from family was negatively associated with inadequate intake, while support from friends was positively associated with inadequate and excessive intake. No significant associations were found between perceived social support from significant others and diet quality indicators. Conclusions An unbalanced diet is common among adults of the ethnic minority groups in Yunnan Province, Southwest China. Social support should be taken into account in designing nutrition interventions rather than focusing solely on individuals. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-11787-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, 650022, China
| | - Yuan Ruan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, 650022, China
| | - Wenmin Hu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, 650022, China
| | - Juanjuan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, 650022, China
| | - Jiang Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, 650022, China
| | - Min Peng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, 650022, China
| | - Rong Wan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, 650022, China
| | - Xiangdong Min
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, 650022, China
| | - Shaomei He
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Lanping County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanping, 671400, China
| | - Zhitao Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, 650022, China.
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Hu X, Jiang H, Wang H, Zhang B, Zhang J, Jia X, Wang L, Wang Z, Ding G. Intraindividual Double Burden of Malnutrition in Chinese Children and Adolescents Aged 6-17 Years: Evidence from the China Health and Nutrition Survey 2015. Nutrients 2021; 13:3097. [PMID: 34578974 PMCID: PMC8469495 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on the intraindividual double burden of malnutrition (DBM) among Chinese children and adolescents were lacking. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of intraindividual DBM defined as the coexistence of overweight/obesity and dietary micronutrient intake insufficiency and investigate dietary micronutrient intake in Chinese children and adolescents. Using data from the 2015 China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), 1555 children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years were selected as the subjects. We referred to China Food Composition to calculate the intakes of 11 selected dietary micronutrients from diet data collected by consecutive three days of 24 h recalls combined with household weighing of seasonings. We used the Chinese estimated average requirement (EARs) as a cutoff to define the dietary micronutrients deficiency, and applied the body-mass-index-for-age Z-scores (BAZ) of World Health Organization (WHO) child growth standards to define the category of body weight. Among the subjects in present study, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 15.43% and 11.06%, respectively, and 26.24% of the subjects had undergone intraindividual DBM. The results suggest that the prevalence of intraindividual DBM and dietary micronutrients deficiency in Chinese children and adolescents is high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Hu
- Department of Public Nutrition, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hongru Jiang
- Department of Public Nutrition, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Huijun Wang
- Department of Public Nutrition, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Public Nutrition, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jiguo Zhang
- Department of Public Nutrition, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaofang Jia
- Department of Public Nutrition, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Liusen Wang
- Department of Public Nutrition, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhihong Wang
- Department of Public Nutrition, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Gangqiang Ding
- Department of Public Nutrition, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
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Liu J, Qu Q, Xuekelati S, Bai X, Wang L, Xiang H, Wang H. Geographic and Age Variations in Low Body Mass Index Among Community-Dwelling Older People in Xinjiang: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:675931. [PMID: 34336883 PMCID: PMC8319472 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.675931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Studies have shown an association between undernutrition and increased adverse outcome, as well as substantial geographic and age variations in undernutrition. Body mass index (BMI), a core indicator of undernutrition, is easy to measure and reflects the nutritional and health status of the human body. It is a simple and suitable tool for epidemiological investigations in large sample populations. Herein, we provide the first description of geographic and age variations in the prevalence of low BMI among community-dwelling older people in Xinjiang. Methods: From January 2019 to December 2019, using a multi-stage random sampling method, we conducted a cross-sectional epidemiological survey of the community-dwelling older people in Xinjiang at different latitudes. Of the 87,000 participants, the statistical analyses included 86,514 participants with complete data. Results: In Xinjiang, the prevalence of low BMI was 7.7% in the community-dwelling older people. The BMI gradually decreased with increasing age and gradually increased with latitude. The prevalence of low BMI in northern Xinjiang was 5.3%, which was significantly lower than that in eastern (7.7%) and southern (9.3%) Xinjiang. In the 60–69-, 70–79-, 80–89-, and ≥90-year age groups, the prevalence rates of low BMI were 5.8, 7.9, 10.0, and 13.9%, respectively. After adjusting for confounding factors (sex, ethnic group, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipemia, smoking, and drinking), multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratios (95% CI) for low BMI in eastern and southern Xinjiang were 1.165 (1.056–1.285) and 1.400 (1.274–1.538), respectively, compared to northern Xinjiang. The adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) for low BMI in the 70–79-, 80–89-, and ≥90-year age groups were 1.511 (1.39–1.635), 2.233 (2.030–2.456), and 3.003 (2.439–3.696), respectively, compared to the 60–69-year age group. Conclusion: The results of this study revealed geographic and age variations in the prevalence of low BMI in the community-dwelling older people in Xinjiang. The prevalence of low BMI gradually increased as the latitude decreased and as age increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Liu
- Second Department of the Cadre Health Care Center, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Qun Qu
- The Health Center for the Cadre of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Saiyare Xuekelati
- Second Department of the Cadre Health Care Center, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Second Department of the Cadre Health Care Center, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Li Wang
- Second Department of the Cadre Health Care Center, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Hong Xiang
- Second Department of the Cadre Health Care Center, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Second Department of the Cadre Health Care Center, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
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de Juras AR, Hsu WC, Hu SC. Prevalence and Determinants of the Co-Occurrence of Overweight or Obesity and Micronutrient Deficiencies among Adults in the Philippines: Results from a National Representative Survey. Nutrients 2021; 13:2339. [PMID: 34371849 PMCID: PMC8308505 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The double burden of malnutrition (DBM) affects many low- and middle-income countries. However, few studies have examined DBM at the individual level, or undernutrition and overnutrition co-occurring within the same person. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and determinants of DBM among adults in the Philippines. Data from the 2013 National Nutrition Survey were used. The sample size in the analysis was 17,010 adults aged ≥20 years old, after excluding pregnant and lactating women. DBM was defined as the co-occurrence of overweight/obesity and anemia (definition #1), overweight/obesity and anemia or vitamin A deficiency (definition #2), and overweight/obesity and anemia or vitamin A deficiency or iodine insufficiency (definition #3). Anthropometric measurements and biochemical markers were used for DBM assessment. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the chi-square test, and logistic regression by R software. Results showed that definition #3 is the predominant type of DBM (7.0%) in the general population, whereas the prevalence of DBM has increased to 23.7% in overweight/obese persons. Sex, age, educational attainment, marital status, household size, wealth quintile, and smoking status were the determinants of DBM. This study revealed that Filipino adults experience malnutrition critically and must be addressed through food and nutrition interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen R. de Juras
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 701, Taiwan; (A.R.d.J.); (W.-C.H.)
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food, College of Human Ecology, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | - Wan-Chen Hsu
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 701, Taiwan; (A.R.d.J.); (W.-C.H.)
| | - Susan C. Hu
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 701, Taiwan; (A.R.d.J.); (W.-C.H.)
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Li Y, Sun Z, Accatino F. Spatial distribution and driving factors determining local food and feed self‐sufficiency in the eastern regions of China. Food Energy Secur 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- UMR SADAPT INRAE AgroParisTech Université Paris‐Saclay Paris France
- College of Resource and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Zhigang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- College of Resource and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Yellow River Delta Modern Agriculture Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- Zhongke Shandong Dongying Institute of Geography Dongying China
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Chen O, Mah E, Dioum E, Marwaha A, Shanmugam S, Malleshi N, Sudha V, Gayathri R, Unnikrishnan R, Anjana RM, Krishnaswamy K, Mohan V, Chu Y. The Role of Oat Nutrients in the Immune System: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:1048. [PMID: 33804909 PMCID: PMC8063794 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimal nutrition is the foundation for the development and maintenance of a healthy immune system. An optimal supply of nutrients is required for biosynthesis of immune factors and immune cell proliferation. Nutrient deficiency/inadequacy and hidden hunger, which manifests as depleted nutrients reserves, increase the risk of infectious diseases and aggravate disease severity. Therefore, an adequate and balanced diet containing an abundant diversity of foods, nutrients, and non-nutrient chemicals is paramount for an optimal immune defense against infectious diseases, including cold/flu and non-communicable diseases. Some nutrients and foods play a larger role than others in the support of the immune system. Oats are a nutritious whole grain and contain several immunomodulating nutrients. In this narrative review, we discuss the contribution of oat nutrients, including dietary fiber (β-glucans), copper, iron, selenium, and zinc, polyphenolics (ferulic acid and avenanthramides), and proteins (glutamine) in optimizing the innate and adaptive immune system's response to infections directly by modulating the innate and adaptive immunity and indirectly by eliciting changes in the gut microbiota and related metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Chen
- Biofortis Research, Mérieux NutriSciences, Addison, IL 60101, USA;
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Eunice Mah
- Biofortis Research, Mérieux NutriSciences, Addison, IL 60101, USA;
| | - ElHadji Dioum
- Quaker Oats Center of Excellence, PepsiCo Health & Nutrition Sciences, Barrington, IL 60010, USA; (E.D.); (Y.C.)
| | - Ankita Marwaha
- PepsiCo Health & Nutrition Sciences, AMESA, Gurgaon 122101, India;
| | - Shobana Shanmugam
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600086, India; (S.S.); (N.M.); (V.S.); (R.G.); (R.U.); (R.M.A.); (K.K.); (V.M.)
| | - Nagappa Malleshi
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600086, India; (S.S.); (N.M.); (V.S.); (R.G.); (R.U.); (R.M.A.); (K.K.); (V.M.)
| | - Vasudevan Sudha
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600086, India; (S.S.); (N.M.); (V.S.); (R.G.); (R.U.); (R.M.A.); (K.K.); (V.M.)
| | - Rajagopal Gayathri
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600086, India; (S.S.); (N.M.); (V.S.); (R.G.); (R.U.); (R.M.A.); (K.K.); (V.M.)
| | - Ranjit Unnikrishnan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600086, India; (S.S.); (N.M.); (V.S.); (R.G.); (R.U.); (R.M.A.); (K.K.); (V.M.)
| | - Ranjit Mohan Anjana
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600086, India; (S.S.); (N.M.); (V.S.); (R.G.); (R.U.); (R.M.A.); (K.K.); (V.M.)
| | - Kamala Krishnaswamy
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600086, India; (S.S.); (N.M.); (V.S.); (R.G.); (R.U.); (R.M.A.); (K.K.); (V.M.)
| | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600086, India; (S.S.); (N.M.); (V.S.); (R.G.); (R.U.); (R.M.A.); (K.K.); (V.M.)
| | - YiFang Chu
- Quaker Oats Center of Excellence, PepsiCo Health & Nutrition Sciences, Barrington, IL 60010, USA; (E.D.); (Y.C.)
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Towards Sustainable Diets: Understanding the Cognitive Mechanism of Consumer Acceptance of Biofortified Foods and the Role of Nutrition Information. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18031175. [PMID: 33525742 PMCID: PMC7908173 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18031175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Micronutrient malnutrition, also known as hidden hunger, continues to affect more than 2 billion people globally. Biofortification, which is a process of breeding staple crops with improved micronutrient contents such as vitamin A, iron, and zinc, offers a cost-effective and sustainable solution in reducing hidden hunger. However, the success of these foods depends on consumer acceptance. In contrast to previous studies, this research focuses on the mechanism of consumer acceptance of biofortified crops that undergo physical changes (i.e., changes in appearance) after biofortification. We use data on 473 Chinese consumers collected through online surveys to examine their purchase intentions for biofortified foods that have visible (vs. invisible) nutrition traits. Using two online surveys, we conduct two studies to reveal the mechanism and antecedents of consumer acceptance of different biofortified foods. In Study 1, we find that consumer purchase intentions vary depending upon the visibility of nutrition traits in biofortified foods. Specifically, consumers exhibit a nutrition-related food neophobia (NFN) regardless of visibility of the nutrition trait in biofortified foods; and a sensory-affective food neophobia (SFN) which is only pronounced when the nutrition trait in biofortified foods is visible. The results of the mediation analysis show that for both types of biofortified foods, NFN mediates consumers’ purchasing intentions. For foods that involve visible changes after biofortification, SFN acts as an additional mediator of consumer purchase intentions. Using ordered logistic regression analysis, we find that both food neophobias have a negative impact on consumer acceptance of biofortified foods. The results of Study 2 confirm our findings and further show that nutrition information moderates the mediation of NFN and SFN, i.e., the negative impact of NFN and SFN on purchase intentions can be reduced by providing nutrition information to consumers. The results of this study have several theoretical and practical implications and are of interest to stakeholders and marketers in the promotion of biofortified foods.
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