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Oteri V, Galeano F, Panebianco S, Piticchio T, Le Moli R, Frittitta L, Vella V, Baratta R, Gullo D, Frasca F, Tumminia A. Influence of Mediterranean Diet on Sexual Function in People with Metabolic Syndrome: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:3397. [PMID: 39408364 PMCID: PMC11479179 DOI: 10.3390/nu16193397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2024] [Revised: 09/28/2024] [Accepted: 10/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS), a cluster of cardiometabolic disorders, and sexual dysfunction are two conditions that impact a large proportion of the general population. Although they can occur independently, they are frequently linked and significantly affect people's quality of life. In recent years, research has increasingly focused on the importance of diet, particularly the Mediterranean diet (MD), in modulating sexual function due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and vasodilatory properties. In this narrative review, we examined the relationship between MS and sexual function in both men and women, with a special emphasis on the MD's therapeutic efficacy in improving sexual dysfunction. In men, MD has been shown to ameliorate erectile dysfunction, as well as several sperm parameters, perhaps leading to improved fertility. On the other hand, adherence to MD has been demonstrated to partially recover several sexual dysfunctions in women, such as those related to their menstrual cycle, menopause, endometriosis, and polycystic ovary syndrome. These favorable effects of MD have been demonstrated in both sexes also among people affected by MS. However, more targeted studies are needed to validate these data for different dietary approaches as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Oteri
- Endocrinology Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, CT, Italy; (V.O.); (F.G.); (S.P.); (T.P.); (R.L.M.); (L.F.); (V.V.)
| | - Francesco Galeano
- Endocrinology Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, CT, Italy; (V.O.); (F.G.); (S.P.); (T.P.); (R.L.M.); (L.F.); (V.V.)
| | - Stefania Panebianco
- Endocrinology Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, CT, Italy; (V.O.); (F.G.); (S.P.); (T.P.); (R.L.M.); (L.F.); (V.V.)
| | - Tommaso Piticchio
- Endocrinology Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, CT, Italy; (V.O.); (F.G.); (S.P.); (T.P.); (R.L.M.); (L.F.); (V.V.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Kore of Enna, 94100 Enna, EN, Italy
| | - Rosario Le Moli
- Endocrinology Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, CT, Italy; (V.O.); (F.G.); (S.P.); (T.P.); (R.L.M.); (L.F.); (V.V.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Kore of Enna, 94100 Enna, EN, Italy
| | - Lucia Frittitta
- Endocrinology Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, CT, Italy; (V.O.); (F.G.); (S.P.); (T.P.); (R.L.M.); (L.F.); (V.V.)
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, CT, Italy
| | - Veronica Vella
- Endocrinology Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, CT, Italy; (V.O.); (F.G.); (S.P.); (T.P.); (R.L.M.); (L.F.); (V.V.)
| | - Roberto Baratta
- Endocrine Unit, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, 95122 Catania, CT, Italy; (R.B.); (D.G.); (A.T.)
| | - Damiano Gullo
- Endocrine Unit, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, 95122 Catania, CT, Italy; (R.B.); (D.G.); (A.T.)
| | - Francesco Frasca
- Endocrinology Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, CT, Italy; (V.O.); (F.G.); (S.P.); (T.P.); (R.L.M.); (L.F.); (V.V.)
- Endocrine Unit, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, 95122 Catania, CT, Italy; (R.B.); (D.G.); (A.T.)
| | - Andrea Tumminia
- Endocrine Unit, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, 95122 Catania, CT, Italy; (R.B.); (D.G.); (A.T.)
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Keshani M, Sadeghi N, Tehrani SD, Ahmadi AR, Sharma M. Mediterranean diet enriched with olive oil shows no consistent benefits on cardiometabolic and anthropometric parameters: a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Nutr 2024:10.1007/s00394-024-03478-9. [PMID: 39153124 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03478-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the primary cause of death worldwide but there is a variation in its burden across some nations that seems to be related to dietary habits. Mediterranean populations have lower rates of morbidity and mortality from CVD. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the impacts of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) enriched with olive oil on blood lipids, glycemic indices, blood pressure, and anthropometric indices. METHODS A comprehensive search of the Web of Science, PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Embase, and CINAHL databases until March 2024 was conducted to identify clinical trials studying the effects of MedDiet enriched with olive oil on the aforementioned parameters. RESULTS In total, 3303 records were retrieved. A total of 18 clinical trials met the inclusion criteria after records were screened for eligibility. According to the pooled analysis from the random-effects model, the MedDiet enriched with olive oil significantly reduced triglycerides (TG) compared with the control group (WMD = -2.40 mg/dl; 95%CI, -4.533 to -0.262; P = 0.027). Strong heterogeneity was observed. Sensitivity analysis did not change our results and no significant effect of any trial on the overall effect sizes of all variables were found. There was a concern about the reporting bias for some studies which reported some main outcomes. CONCLUSION MedDiet enriched with olive oil showed no consistent effects on any of the reported markers of cardiovascular health except on TG. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION CRD42023424641.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Keshani
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Narges Sadeghi
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Science, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sahar Dadkhah Tehrani
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Manoj Sharma
- Department of Social & Behavioral Health, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV), Las Vegas, NV, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, Las Vegas, NV, USA
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Gómez-Sánchez L, Gómez-Sánchez M, Tamayo-Morales O, Lugones-Sánchez C, González-Sánchez S, Martí-Lluch R, Rodríguez-Sánchez E, García-Ortiz L, Gómez-Marcos MA. Relationship between the Mediterranean Diet and Metabolic Syndrome and Each of the Components That Form It in Caucasian Subjects: A Cross-Sectional Trial. Nutrients 2024; 16:1948. [PMID: 38931300 PMCID: PMC11207079 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this work is to investigate the relationship between the Mediterranean diet (MD) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in Caucasian subjects between 35 and 74 years. The secondary objective is to analyze sex differences. METHODS A cross-sectional trial. This study utilized data from the EVA, MARK, and EVIDENT studies, and a total of 3417 subjects with a mean age ± SD of 60.14 ± 9.14 years (57% men) were included. We followed the five criteria established in the National Cholesterol Education Program III to define MetS. The MD was assessed with the 14-item Mediterranean diet adherence screener (MEDAS) used in the PREDIMED study. Good adherence was considered when the MD value was higher than the median value. RESULTS The mean ± SD value of the MEDAS questionnaire was 5.83 ± 2.04 (men 5.66 ± 2.06 and women 6.04 ± 1.99; p < 0.001). Adherence to the MD was observed by 38.6% (34.3% men and 40.3% women; p < 0.001). MetS was observed in 41.6% (39.0% men and 45.2% women; p < 0.001). In the multiple regression analysis, after adjusting for possible confounders, the mean MD value showed a negative association with the number of MetS components per subject (β = -0.336), and with the different components of MetS: systolic blood pressure (β = -0.011), diastolic blood pressure (β = -0.029), glycemia (β = -0.009), triglycerides (β = -0.004), and waist circumference (β = -0.026), except with the HDL-cholesterol value which showed a positive association (β = 0.021); p < 0.001 in all cases. In the logistic regression analysis performed, we found that an increase in MD adherence was associated with a decrease in the probability of MetS (OR = 0.56) and its components: blood pressure levels ≥ 130/85 mmHg (OR = 0.63), fasting plasma glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL (OR = 0.62), triglyceride levels ≥ 150 mg/dL (OR = 0.65), waist circumference levels ≥ 88 cm in women and ≥102 cm in men (OR = 0.74), and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol < 40 mg/dL in men and <50 mg/dL in women (OR = 1.70); p < 0.001 in all cases. The results by sex were similar, both in multiple regression and logistic regression. CONCLUSIONS The results found in our work indicate that the greater the adherence to the MD, the lower the probability of presenting MetS. This result is repeated in the study by sex. More studies are needed to clarify that these results can be extended to the rest of the Mediterranean countries, and to other countries outside the Mediterranean basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Gómez-Sánchez
- Emergency Service, University Hospital of La Paz P. of Castellana, 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Gómez-Sánchez
- Home Hospitalization Service, Marqués of Valdecilla University Hospital, s/n, 39008 Santander, Spain;
| | - Olaya Tamayo-Morales
- Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Salamanca Primary Care Management, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37005 Salamanca, Spain; (O.T.-M.); (C.L.-S.); (S.G.-S.); (E.R.-S.); (L.G.-O.)
- Castilla and León Health Service-SACYL, Regional Health Management, 37005 Salamanca, Spain
- Red de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria y Promoción de la Salud (RICAPPS), 37005 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Cristina Lugones-Sánchez
- Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Salamanca Primary Care Management, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37005 Salamanca, Spain; (O.T.-M.); (C.L.-S.); (S.G.-S.); (E.R.-S.); (L.G.-O.)
- Castilla and León Health Service-SACYL, Regional Health Management, 37005 Salamanca, Spain
- Red de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria y Promoción de la Salud (RICAPPS), 37005 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Susana González-Sánchez
- Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Salamanca Primary Care Management, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37005 Salamanca, Spain; (O.T.-M.); (C.L.-S.); (S.G.-S.); (E.R.-S.); (L.G.-O.)
- Castilla and León Health Service-SACYL, Regional Health Management, 37005 Salamanca, Spain
- Red de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria y Promoción de la Salud (RICAPPS), 37005 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Ruth Martí-Lluch
- Red de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria y Promoción de la Salud (RICAPPS), 37005 Salamanca, Spain;
- Vascular Health Research Group, Instituto Universitario para la Investigación en Atención Primaria de Salud Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), 08007 Girona, Spain
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Doctor Trueta University Hospital, 17190 Girona, Spain
- Department of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona (UdG), 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Emiliano Rodríguez-Sánchez
- Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Salamanca Primary Care Management, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37005 Salamanca, Spain; (O.T.-M.); (C.L.-S.); (S.G.-S.); (E.R.-S.); (L.G.-O.)
- Castilla and León Health Service-SACYL, Regional Health Management, 37005 Salamanca, Spain
- Red de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria y Promoción de la Salud (RICAPPS), 37005 Salamanca, Spain;
- Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 28046 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Luis García-Ortiz
- Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Salamanca Primary Care Management, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37005 Salamanca, Spain; (O.T.-M.); (C.L.-S.); (S.G.-S.); (E.R.-S.); (L.G.-O.)
- Castilla and León Health Service-SACYL, Regional Health Management, 37005 Salamanca, Spain
- Red de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria y Promoción de la Salud (RICAPPS), 37005 Salamanca, Spain;
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Manuel A. Gómez-Marcos
- Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Salamanca Primary Care Management, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37005 Salamanca, Spain; (O.T.-M.); (C.L.-S.); (S.G.-S.); (E.R.-S.); (L.G.-O.)
- Castilla and León Health Service-SACYL, Regional Health Management, 37005 Salamanca, Spain
- Red de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria y Promoción de la Salud (RICAPPS), 37005 Salamanca, Spain;
- Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 28046 Salamanca, Spain
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Garcidueñas-Fimbres TE, Gómez-Martínez C, Pascual-Compte M, Jurado-Castro JM, Leis R, Moreno LA, Navas-Carretero S, Codoñer-Franch P, Echeverria AM, Pastor-Villaescusa B, López-Rubio A, García SM, De Miguel-Etayo P, Martínez JA, Aguayo IV, Vázquez-Cobela R, Escribano J, Miguel-Berges ML, De La Torre-Aguilar MJ, Gil-Campos M, Salas-Salvadó J, Babio N. Adherence to a healthy lifestyle behavior composite score and cardiometabolic risk factors in Spanish children from the CORALS cohort. Eur J Pediatr 2024; 183:1819-1830. [PMID: 38260993 PMCID: PMC11001667 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-05389-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
To assess the associations between the adherence to a composite score comprised of 6 healthy lifestyle behaviors and its individual components with several cardiometabolic risk factors in Spanish preschool children. Cross-sectional analyses were conducted in 938 participants included in the CORALS cohort aged 3-6 years. Six recognized healthy lifestyle behaviors (breastfeeding, sleep duration, physical activity, screentime, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and eating speed) were assessed in a composite score. Multiple linear and logistic regression models were fitted to assess the associations with cardiometabolic risk factors (weight status, waist circumference, fat mass index, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, and lipid profile). In the adjusted multiple linear and logistic regression models, compared with the reference category of adherence to the healthy lifestyle behavior composite score, those participants in the category of the highest adherence showed significant decreased prevalence risk of overweight or obesity [OR (95% CI), 0.4 (0.2, 0.6)] as well as significant lower waist circumference, fat mass index (FMI), systolic blood pressure and fasting plasma glucose concentration [β (95% CI), - 1.4 cm (- 2.5, - 0.4); - 0.3 kg/m2 (- 0.5, - 0.1); and - 3.0 mmHg (- 5.2, - 0.9); - 1.9 mg/dL (- 3.5, - 0.4), respectively]. Slow eating speed was individually associated with most of the cardiometabolic risk factors. Conclusions: Higher adherence to the healthy lifestyle behavior composite score was associated with lower waist circumference, FMI, other cardiometabolic risk factors, and risk of overweight or obesity in Spanish preschool children. Further studies are required to confirm these associations. What is Known: • Lifestyle is a well-recognized etiologic factor of obesity and its comorbidities. • Certain healthy behaviors such as adhering to a healthy diet, increasing physical activity, and decreasing screentime are strategies for prevention and treatment of childhood obesity. What is New: • Higher adherence to the healthy lifestyle behavior composite score to 6 healthy behaviors (breastfeeding, sleep duration, physical activity, screentime, eating speed, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet) was associated with decreased adiposity, including prevalence risk of overweight or obesity, and cardiometabolic risk in preschool children. • Slow eating and greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet were mainly associated to lower fasting plasma and serum triglycerides concentration, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tany E Garcidueñas-Fimbres
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia. Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Gómez-Martínez
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia. Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Pascual-Compte
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia. Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Jurado-Castro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Metabolism and Investigation Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Maimónides Institute of Biomedicine Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rosaura Leis
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Unit of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Pediatric Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Pediatric Nutrition Research Group, Unit of Investigation in Nutrition, Growth and Human Development of Galicia-USC, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Luis A Moreno
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Santiago Navas-Carretero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Fac Pharm & Nutr, Dept Nutr Food Sci & Physiol, University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- IdisNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Pilar Codoñer-Franch
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr. Peset University Hospital, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Belén Pastor-Villaescusa
- Metabolism and Investigation Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Maimónides Institute of Biomedicine Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Alicia López-Rubio
- Unit of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Pediatric Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Pediatric Nutrition Research Group, Unit of Investigation in Nutrition, Growth and Human Development of Galicia-USC, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Pilar De Miguel-Etayo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Velasco Aguayo
- Metabolism and Investigation Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Maimónides Institute of Biomedicine Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rocío Vázquez-Cobela
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Unit of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Pediatric Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Pediatric Nutrition Research Group, Unit of Investigation in Nutrition, Growth and Human Development of Galicia-USC, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Joaquín Escribano
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
- Paediatrics, Nutrition, and, Development Research Unit, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - María Luisa Miguel-Berges
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María José De La Torre-Aguilar
- Metabolism and Investigation Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Maimónides Institute of Biomedicine Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Mercedes Gil-Campos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Metabolism and Investigation Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Maimónides Institute of Biomedicine Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia. Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Nancy Babio
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia. Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
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DelOlmo-Romero S, Medina-Martínez I, Gil-Gutierrez R, Pocovi-Gerardino G, Correa-Rodríguez M, Ortego-Centeno N, Rueda-Medina B. Metabolic syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus patients under Mediterranean diet. Med Clin (Barc) 2024; 162:259-264. [PMID: 38040571 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2023.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a chronic proinflammatory and prothrombotic condition that exacerbates insulin resistance, oxidative damage, and cardiovascular risk, being more prevalent in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a chronic multisystemic autoimmune disorder. This study aim was to determine the prevalence of MetS and associations with SLE clinical characteristics, cardiovascular risk and dietary pattern in a population of Spanish SLE patients. DESIGN AND METHODS Cross-sectional study of 293 patients was conducted (90.4% females; mean age 46.8 (12.94)). The diagnosis of MetS was established based on the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI-2K) and SDI Damage Index were used to assess disease activity and disease-related damage, respectively. Med Diet adherence was assessed through a 14 items questionnaire on food consumption frequency and habits. RESULTS MetS was present in 15% SLE patients. Triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic blood pressure and waist circumference were significantly increased (p<0.001) in the group of MetS patients. Patients with MetS showed significantly increased SDI damage index (1.70 (1.69) vs 0.88 (1.12), p<0.001) and complement C3 level (118.70 (32.67) vs 107.55 (26.82), p=0.011). No significant differences were observed according to Med Diet adherence level. CONCLUSION We observed a lower prevalence of MetS in SLE than that reported in previous studies, which may be a result of the good level of adherence to the MedDiet in our study sample. Additionally, MetS was associated with higher SDI and complement C3 levels but no with medication use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara DelOlmo-Romero
- Institute of Biomedical Research (IBS), Granada, Spain; Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Irene Medina-Martínez
- Institute of Biomedical Research (IBS), Granada, Spain; Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Rocio Gil-Gutierrez
- Institute of Biomedical Research (IBS), Granada, Spain; Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - María Correa-Rodríguez
- Institute of Biomedical Research (IBS), Granada, Spain; Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Norberto Ortego-Centeno
- Institute of Biomedical Research (IBS), Granada, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Blanca Rueda-Medina
- Institute of Biomedical Research (IBS), Granada, Spain; Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Paris T, Daly RM, Abbott G, Sood S, Freer CL, Ryan MC, George ES. Diet Overall and Hypocaloric Diets Are Associated With Improvements in Depression but Not Anxiety in People With Metabolic Conditions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Adv Nutr 2024; 15:100169. [PMID: 38184198 PMCID: PMC10847486 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The risk of depression and anxiety is higher in people with metabolic conditions, but whether dietary approaches, which are central to the management of metabolic conditions, can also improve depression and anxiety is uncertain. The primary aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of dietary interventions on depression and anxiety in adults with metabolic conditions. The secondary aim was to evaluate the effects of hypocaloric and isocaloric dietary interventions on these outcomes. Four databases (MEDLINE, PsychINFO, EMBASE, and CINAHL) were searched from inception to March 2023. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) including dietary interventions in adults with metabolic conditions (type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and/or overweight/obesity) that assessed depression and/or anxiety as outcomes were included. Overall, 13 RCTs were included in the systematic review, ≤13 of which were included in the meta-analysis. Estimates were pooled using random-effect meta-analysis for dietary interventions compared with controls. Improvements in depression scores were found in meta-analytic models including all dietary interventions [pooled estimate for the standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.20 (95% CI: -0.35, -0.05); P = 0.007] and hypocaloric only diets [SMD = -0.27 (95% CI: -0.44, -0.10); P = 0.002]. There were no improvements in depression scores with isocaloric dietary interventions only [SMD = -0.14 (95% CI: -0.38, 0.10); P = 0.27]. In addition, there were no significant effects of any dietary interventions on anxiety scores. In adults with metabolic conditions, all dietary interventions and hypocaloric diets improved depression, but not anxiety. These findings suggest that dietary interventions including hypocaloric diets can play an important role in the management of depression in people with metabolic conditions. This systematic review and meta-analysis has been registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021252307).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonya Paris
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robin M Daly
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gavin Abbott
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Surbhi Sood
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christine L Freer
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marno C Ryan
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elena S George
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
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7
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Tirani SA, Poursalehi D, Lotfi K, Shahdadian F, Hajhashemy Z, Rouhani P, Saneei P. Adherence to Mediterranean-Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay Diet in Relation to Serum Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Concentrations and Metabolic Health Status in Adults. Curr Dev Nutr 2024; 8:102082. [PMID: 38351976 PMCID: PMC10862409 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.102082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background There is a lack of data regarding the Mediterranean-Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet and metabolic health. Objectives This study assessed the relation between MIND diet and metabolic health status relative to serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentrations. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of 527 adults (286 males and 241 females) recruited from 20 schools in 6 different educational districts of Isfahan, Iran. Dietary intakes of participants were collected by a validated 168-item food frequency questionnaire, and MIND diet score was estimated. Anthropometric indices, blood pressure, biochemical parameters, and BDNF concentrations were assessed for all participants. The metabolically unhealthy (MU) phenotype was determined based on blood pressure, glycemic and lipid profiles, chronic inflammation, and insulin resistance. Results The frequency of MU phenotype among obese/overweight and normal-weight individuals was 79.5 % and 20.5 %, respectively. After adjustment for confounders, individuals in the top tertile of the MIND diet scores had 58 % lower odds of having the MU phenotype than individuals in the bottom tertile (odds ratios [ORs]: 0.42; 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 0.20, 0.90). In the fully adjusted model, females and normal-weight individuals had 81 % (OR: 0.19; 95 % CI: 0.04, 0.83) and 89 % (OR: 0.11; 95 % CI: 0.02, 0.69) lower chance of developing the MU phenotype, respectively. In addition, significant inverse associations between adherence to the MIND diet and high-blood pressure and hypertriglyceridemia were found. No significant association was found between adherence to MIND diet and odds of low BDNF concentrations. Conclusions Adherence to MIND diet is inversely associated with odds of MU phenotype, especially among women and normal-weight individuals. BDNF concentration is not associated with MIND diet and MU status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnaz Amani Tirani
- Students’ Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Donya Poursalehi
- Students’ Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Keyhan Lotfi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Students’ Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnaz Shahdadian
- Students’ Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Hajhashemy
- Students’ Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parisa Rouhani
- Students’ Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parvane Saneei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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8
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Probst Y, Guan V, Neale E. Avocado intake and cardiometabolic risk factors in a representative survey of Australians: a secondary analysis of the 2011-2012 national nutrition and physical activity survey. Nutr J 2024; 23:12. [PMID: 38273346 PMCID: PMC10809541 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-024-00915-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Avocados are a rich source of nutrients including monounsaturated fats, dietary fibre and phytochemicals. Higher dietary quality is reported in studies of consumers with higher avocado intakes. The present study aimed to examine avocado consumption and cardiometabolic risk measures in a representative sample of Australian adults. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis was performed using Australian Health Survey 2011-2013 (n = 2,736 observations). Day 1 24-hour recall data was used to examine reported avocado intake (whole avocados and avocado-containing products excluding avocado oil) and cardiometabolic risk measures (LDL, HDL, and total cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein B, HbA1c, plasma glucose, systolic and diastolic blood pressure). T-tests and chi square analyses were conducted between low (5.21 [95% CI: 4.63, 5.79] grams/day) and high (44.11 [95% CI: 35.89, 52.33] grams/day) consumers of avocado. RESULTS 14.7% of Australians were 'avocado consumers' (n = 403 observations). Mean avocado intake was 24.63 (95% CI: 20.11, 29.15) grams per day, with a median intake of 10.40 (IQR: 4.49-26.00) grams per day for those considered 'avocado consumers'. Consumers of avocados had a lower BMI and waist circumference (each, p ≤ 0.001), lower plasma glucose level (p = 0.03), and higher HDL cholesterol (p ≤ 0.001) when compared with non-consumers. A trend towards lower plasma glucose, HbA1c (each, p = 0.04) and higher dietary fibre intake (p = 0.05) was found between high and low consumers of avocado. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests favourable outcomes for avocado intake and cardiometabolic characteristics of consumers. Future studies should explore glucose homeostasis using a clinical trial design to understand potential relationships between avocado intake and cardiometabolic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Probst
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
| | - Vivienne Guan
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Neale
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
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9
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D’Elia L, Strazzullo P. Dietary Salt Restriction and Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet: A Single Way to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk? J Clin Med 2024; 13:486. [PMID: 38256620 PMCID: PMC10816989 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13020486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The dietary restriction of salt intake and the adhesion to Mediterranean dietary patterns are among the most recommended lifestyle modifications for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. A large amount of evidence supports these recommendations; indeed, several studies show that a higher adherence to Mediterranean dietary patterns is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. Likewise, findings from observational and clinical studies suggest a causal role of excess salt intake in blood pressure increase, cardiovascular organ damage, and the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. In this context, it is also conceivable that the beneficial effects of these two dietary patterns overlap because Mediterranean dietary patterns are typically characterized by a large consumption of plant-based foods with low sodium content. However, there is little data on this issue, and heterogeneous results are available on the relationship between adherence to salt restriction and to Mediterranean dietary patterns. Thus, this short review focuses on the epidemiological and clinical evidence of the relationship between the adherence to Mediterranean dietary patterns and dietary salt restriction in the context of cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pasquale Strazzullo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, “Federico II” University of Naples Medical School, 80131 Naples, Italy;
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10
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Hojati A, Farhangi MA. The Association Between Food Quality Score (FQS) and Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors in Overweight and Obese Individuals: A Cross-Sectional Study. Clin Nutr Res 2024; 13:51-60. [PMID: 38362134 PMCID: PMC10866677 DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2024.13.1.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity and overweight pose a significant public health problem, as they are associated with an elevated risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Several studies have shown that diet quality is associated with the development of MetS risk factors. Analyzing dietary patterns may be more helpful in determining the relationship between eating habits and chronic diseases compared to focusing on single foods or nutrients. In this study, our objective was to evaluate the association of food quality score (FQS) with risk factors for MetS in individuals with obesity and overweight. The participants in this cross-sectional study were 340 adults with overweight and obesity. Participants' food intake was measured using a Food Frequency Questionnaire, then the FQS was calculated. A fasting blood sample assessed serum glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and serum insulin levels. Fat-free mass, height, basal metabolic rate, socio-economic score, and waist-to-hip ratio significantly differed among FQS tertiles. TC, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose were significantly lower in the highest tertile of FQS. After multivariable adjustment, our results showed that individuals in the third tertile of FQS had reduced risk of higher levels of TC (odds ratio [OR], 0.982; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.970-0.984) and higher levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR, 0.974; 95% CI, 0.974-0.999). Our findings demonstrate an inverse relationship between diet quality, as measured by FQS, and MetS risk factors. However, further experimental and longitudinal investigations are warranted to elucidate the causal nature of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hojati
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51666-14711, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Abbasalizad Farhangi
- Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51666-14711, Iran
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11
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Tan LJ, Shin S. Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Self-Selective Diets and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Adults 40 and Older: A Prospective Cohort Study in South Korea. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:117010. [PMID: 37976131 PMCID: PMC10655912 DOI: 10.1289/ehp12727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The food system accounts for ∼ 40 % of human-generated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Meanwhile, daily diet selection also impacts human nutrition status and health. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to use the alternate Mediterranean Diet (aMED) score to evaluate the quality of a low-GHG emission diet and the association with risk of developing metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHODS A total of 41,659 healthy participants without MetS 40 y of age or older were selected from the Health Examinees Study, an ongoing cohort study in South Korea from 2004. A dietary GHG emissions database was compiled following a national project and literature review. MetS was defined according to the Adult Treatment Panel III criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program. The participants were grouped into quintiles based on 2,000 kcal -standardized daily diet-GHG emissions (Q1: the lowest energy-adjusted diet-GHG emissions). A multivariable logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk for MetS at follow-up. The aMED score was used to assess the diet quality of the different diet-related GHG emission groups. RESULTS Females with lower energy-adjusted diet-related GHG emissions had significantly lower risks of developing MetS (p = 0.0043 ) than those with the highest energy-adjusted diet-related GHG emissions. In addition, the Q1 group, in comparison with the other groups, had a higher aMED score (3.02 for males and 3.00 for females), which indicated that the participants in this group had a diet that more closely matched the Mediterranean diet. DISCUSSION These findings provide a reference for dietary guidance and other policies aimed toward improving dietary intake and reducing diet-related GHG emissions in South Korea and worldwide. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12727.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Tan
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangah Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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12
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Zupo R, Castellana F, Piscitelli P, Crupi P, Desantis A, Greco E, Severino FP, Pulimeno M, Guazzini A, Kyriakides TC, Vasiliou V, Trichopoulou A, Soldati L, La Vecchia C, De Gaetano G, Donati MB, Colao A, Miani A, Corbo F, Clodoveo ML. Scientific evidence supporting the newly developed one-health labeling tool "Med-Index": an umbrella systematic review on health benefits of mediterranean diet principles and adherence in a planeterranean perspective. J Transl Med 2023; 21:755. [PMID: 37885010 PMCID: PMC10601192 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04618-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Med-Index is a one-health front-of-pack (FOP) label, based on Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) principles, developed to summarize information about the nutritional properties and related-health benefits of any food as well as its sustainable production processes, and the associated food company's social responsibility parameters in a new "Planeterranean" perspective. Thus, Med-Index can be adopted in and by any European region and authority as well as worldwide; this is achieved by consumption and cooking of locally available and sourced foods that respect MedDiet principles, both in terms of healthy nutrition and sustainable production. The huge body of scientific evidence about the health benefits of the MedDiet model and principles requires a comprehensive framework to encompass the scientific reliability and robustness of this tool. A systematic review was carried out to examine the association between human health and adherence to MedDiet patterns upon which the "Med-Index" tool was subsequently developed. METHODS MEDLINE and PubMed databases were searched for eligible publications from 1990 to April 2023. Systematic literature reviews, with or without meta-analysis, of clinical trials and observational studies were screened by two independent investigators for eligibility, data extraction, and quality assessment. English language and the time interval 1990-2023 were applied. A registry code CRD42023464807 was generated on PROSPERO and approved for this search protocol. The corrected covered area (CCA), calculated to quantify the degree of overlap between reviews, gave a slight overlap (CCA = 4%). RESULTS A total of 84 systematic reviews out of 6681 screened records were selected. Eligible reviews included studies with predominantly observational designs (61/84, 72.6%%), of which 26/61 referenced studies of mixed observational and RCT designs, while 23/84 (27.4%) were RCT-only systematic reviews. Seventy-nine different entries were identified for health outcomes, clustered into 10 macro-categories, each reporting a statistically significant association with exposure to the MedDiet. Adherence to MedDiet was found to strongly benefit age-related chronic diseases (21.5%), neurological disorders (19%), and obesity-related metabolic features (12.65), followed by CVDs (11.4%), cancer (10.1%), diabetes (7.5%), liver health (6.3%), inflammation (5%), mortality (5%), and renal health (1.2%). The quality of the studies was moderate to high. CONCLUSION In the context of a "Planeterranean" framework and perspective that can be adopted in any European region and worldwide, MedDiet represents a healthy and sustainable lifestyle model, able to prevent several diseases and reduce premature mortality. In addition, the availability of a FOP, such as Med-Index, might foster more conscious food choices among consumers, paying attention both to human and planetary health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Zupo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), University "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70100, Bari, Italy
| | - Fabio Castellana
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), University "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70100, Bari, Italy
| | - Prisco Piscitelli
- Italian Society of Environmental Medicine (SIMA), 20123, Milan, Italy.
- UNESCO Chair on Health Education and Sustainable Development, Federico II University, 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - Pasquale Crupi
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), University "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70100, Bari, Italy
| | - Addolorata Desantis
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), University "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70100, Bari, Italy
| | - Enrico Greco
- Italian Society of Environmental Medicine (SIMA), 20123, Milan, Italy
| | - Franca Paola Severino
- Department of Education, Literatures, Intercultural Studies, Languages and Psychology, University of Florence, 50121, Florence, Italy
| | - Manuela Pulimeno
- Italian Society of Environmental Medicine (SIMA), 20123, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Guazzini
- Department of Education, Literatures, Intercultural Studies, Languages and Psychology, University of Florence, 50121, Florence, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Laura Soldati
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni De Gaetano
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077, Pozzilli, Italy
| | | | - Annamaria Colao
- UNESCO Chair on Health Education and Sustainable Development, Federico II University, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Miani
- Italian Society of Environmental Medicine (SIMA), 20123, Milan, Italy.
| | - Filomena Corbo
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Lisa Clodoveo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), University "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70100, Bari, Italy
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13
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Echeverría G, Samith B, von Schultzendorf A, Pinto V, Martínez X, Sara D, Calzada M, Pacheco J, Plaza G, Scott F, Romero J, Mateo C, Julio MV, Utreras-Mendoza Y, Binder MV, Gutiérrez F, Riquelme ME, Cuevas M, Willatt R, Sánchez O, Keilendt A, Butrón P, Jarufe A, Huete I, Tobar J, Martin S, Alfaro V, Olivos M, Pedrals N, Bitran M, Ávalos I, Ruini C, Ryff C, Pérez D, Berkowitz L, Rigotti A. Mediterranean diet and psychological well-being intervention to reverse metabolic syndrome in Chile (CHILEMED trial). Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2023; 35:101167. [PMID: 37538196 PMCID: PMC10393605 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2023.101167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychosocial status and lifestyle are key risk factors of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), which, in turn, are main drivers of healthcare costs and morbimortality worldwide, including Chile. Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is one of the healthiest dietary patterns under study. However, its impact on high-risk conditions, such as metabolic syndrome (MetS), and NCDs outside the Mediterranean Basin remains mostly unexplored. Even though Central Chile has an environment, food production, and culinary traditions comparable to those present in Mediterranean countries, few studies -some with significant methodological limitations- have evaluated the effect of MedDiet on health and/or disease in Chilean subjects. Importantly, a Mediterranean lifestyle is a modus vivendi that integrates physical health with mental and social well-being. Psychological well-being (PWB) is associated with healthy behaviors, positive health outcomes, and longevity, thereby emerging as a novel healthcare goal. We report here an ongoing randomized controlled clinical trial in Chilean patients with MetS seeking to test whether (1) a PWB theory-based intervention facilitates induction to and increases long-term adherence to a locally adapted MedDiet, and (2) a MedDiet intervention -implemented alone or combined with well-being promotion- is more effective at reversing MetS compared to individuals following a low-fat diet without psychological support. The CHILEan MEDiterranean (CHILEMED) diet intervention study is a 1-year trial including patients with MetS living in Chile. Participants will be assigned randomly by a computer-generated random number sequence to one of the three intervention arms: a) low-fat diet as control group, b) MedDiet alone, and c) MedDiet plus well-being support. Patients will be followed-up by individual and/or group online nutritional sessions or phone cal as well as 6- and 12-month in-person re-assessment of medical history, medication use, food intake, PWB, anthropometrics/physical exam, and blood collection for laboratory analysis. The primary outcome of the trial will be the effect of the MedDiet -with or without PWB intervention- on overall reversal of MetS compared to low-fat diet alone. Based on a statistical superiority trial, expected impact, and patient loss, the estimated study sample is 339 subjects (113 individuals per arm in 3 equal-sized groups). Currently, we have enrolled 179 patients, predominantly women, evenly distributed by age (group means ranging from 45.7 to 48,9 years-old), 3/4 are obese with almost all of them showing abdominal obesity, 70% are hypertensive, whereas <10% exhibit diabetes. If findings turn out as expected (e.g., MedDiet -with or without PWB intervention- is better than the low-fat diet for reversion of MetS at 1-year follow-up), CHILEMED will provide further beneficial evidence of the MedDiet on NCD risk conditions beyond the Mediterranean region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Echeverría
- Centro de Nutrición Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Nutrición, Diabetes y Metabolismo, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bárbara Samith
- Centro de Nutrición Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Nutrición, Diabetes y Metabolismo, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea von Schultzendorf
- Centro de Nutrición Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - Victoria Pinto
- Centro de Nutrición Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
- Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ximena Martínez
- Centro de Nutrición Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Sara
- Centro de Nutrición Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mariana Calzada
- Departamento de Nutrición, Diabetes y Metabolismo, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - Josefina Pacheco
- Centro de Nutrición Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gianella Plaza
- Centro de Nutrición Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francesca Scott
- Centro de Nutrición Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javiera Romero
- Centro de Nutrición Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila Mateo
- Centro de Nutrición Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Verónica Julio
- Centro de Nutrición Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yildy Utreras-Mendoza
- Centro de Nutrición Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Victoria Binder
- Centro de Nutrición Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - Florencia Gutiérrez
- Centro de Nutrición Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Emilia Riquelme
- Centro de Nutrición Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - Margarita Cuevas
- Centro de Nutrición Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rosario Willatt
- Centro de Nutrición Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - Omayra Sánchez
- Centro de Nutrición Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - Aracelli Keilendt
- Centro de Nutrición Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia Butrón
- Centro de Nutrición Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alessandra Jarufe
- Centro de Nutrición Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - Isidora Huete
- Centro de Nutrición Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - Josefina Tobar
- Centro de Nutrición Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sofía Martin
- Centro de Nutrición Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valentina Alfaro
- Centro de Nutrición Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - Matilde Olivos
- Centro de Nutrición Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nuria Pedrals
- Centro de Nutrición Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Nutrición, Diabetes y Metabolismo, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela Bitran
- Centro de Nutrición Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Chiara Ruini
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Carol Ryff
- Institute on Aging and Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706-1611, USA
| | - Druso Pérez
- Centro de Nutrición Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - Loni Berkowitz
- Centro de Nutrición Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Nutrición, Diabetes y Metabolismo, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - Attilio Rigotti
- Centro de Nutrición Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Nutrición, Diabetes y Metabolismo, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
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Kotzakioulafi E, Bakaloudi DR, Chrysoula L, Theodoridis X, Antza C, Tirodimos I, Chourdakis M. High Versus Low Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet for Prevention of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Metabolites 2023; 13:779. [PMID: 37512486 PMCID: PMC10386129 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT-2) presents with a growing incidence, and its complications contribute mainly to cardiovascular disease and overall mortality. DMT-2 prevention and early stage management include lifestyle modification by adopting healthy eating patterns and increasing physical activity levels. The Mediterranean diet (MD) is associated with beneficial effects on human health and has been found effective for preventing and managing DMT-2. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to investigate whether the level of MD adherence plays a role in DMT-2 prevention and to what extent. A systematic literature search in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases was conducted until November 2022, and related observational studies fulfilling the eligibility criteria were included. The literature search concluded with 24 studies in the qualitative analysis and 23 studies in the quantitative analysis. Of those, 18 cohort studies were eligible for meta-analysis with hazard ratio as effect size and five studies providing odds ratio as effect size. The cohort studies included 248,140 participants with a mean follow-up of 10.8 years (3 to 22 years). Individuals with high adherence to MD presented an 11% and 18% decrease in risk and odds, respectively, of developing DMT-2 compared to those with low MD adherence (HR 0.89, 95%CI 0.83 to 0.95) and (OR 0.82, 95%CI 0.72 to 0.93). In studies where the follow-up was longer than 10 years, the 12% decrease in the risk of developing DMT-2 remained (HR 0.88 95%CI 0.84 to 0.92), whereas in studies where follow-up was less than 10 years, no difference between groups with different levels of adherence was found. Long-term high MD adherence is associated with a reduced risk of developing DMT-2, but further studies are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Kotzakioulafi
- Laboratory of Hygiene, Social & Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitra Rafailia Bakaloudi
- Laboratory of Hygiene, Social & Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lydia Chrysoula
- Laboratory of Hygiene, Social & Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Xenophon Theodoridis
- Laboratory of Hygiene, Social & Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christina Antza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou General Hospital Thessaloniki, 56403 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ilias Tirodimos
- Laboratory of Hygiene, Social & Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Michail Chourdakis
- Laboratory of Hygiene, Social & Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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15
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Del Bo' C, Perna S, Allehdan S, Rafique A, Saad S, AlGhareeb F, Rondanelli M, Tayyem RF, Marino M, Martini D, Riso P. Does the Mediterranean Diet Have Any Effect on Lipid Profile, Central Obesity and Liver Enzymes in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Subjects? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Control Trials. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102250. [PMID: 37242133 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of the Mediterranean diet (MD) in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) subjects has been evaluated in several randomized controlled trials (RCTs). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the overall effects of MD intervention in a cohort of NAFLD patients targeting specific markers such as central obesity, lipid profile, liver enzymes and fibrosis, and intrahepatic fat (IHF). Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus were explored to collect relevant studies from the last 10 years. RCTs with NAFLD subjects were included in this systematic review with a mean intervention duration from 6 weeks to 1 year, and different intervention strategies, mainly including energy restriction MD (normal or low glycaemic index), low-fat MD with increased monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and increased exercise expenditure. The outcomes measured in this meta-analysis were gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total cholesterol (TC), waist circumference (WC), and liver fibrosis. Ten randomized controlled trials, which involved a total of 737 adults with NAFLD, were included. According to the results, the MD seems to decrease the liver stiffness (kPa) by -0.42 (CI95% -0.92, 0.09) (p = 0.10) and significantly reduce the TC by -0.46 mg/dl (CI95% -0.55, -0.38) (p = 0.001), while no significant findings were documented for liver enzymes and WC among patients with NAFLD. In conclusion, the MD might reduce indirect and direct outcomes linked with NAFLD severity, such as TC, liver fibrosis, and WC, although it is important to consider the variations across trials. Further RCTs are necessary to corroborate the findings obtained and provide further evidence on the role of the MD in the modulation of other disorders related to NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Del Bo'
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Division of Human Nutrition, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Simone Perna
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Division of Human Nutrition, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Sabika Allehdan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir Campus, Zallaq P.O. Box 32038, Bahrain
| | - Ayesha Rafique
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir Campus, Zallaq P.O. Box 32038, Bahrain
| | - Sara Saad
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir Campus, Zallaq P.O. Box 32038, Bahrain
| | - Fahad AlGhareeb
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir Campus, Zallaq P.O. Box 32038, Bahrain
| | - Mariangela Rondanelli
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Unit of Human and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Reema F Tayyem
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Mirko Marino
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Division of Human Nutrition, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Daniela Martini
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Division of Human Nutrition, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Patrizia Riso
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Division of Human Nutrition, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Milani F, Bottoni M, Giuliani C, Colombo L, Casiraghi MC, Colombo PS, Bruschi P, Erba D, Fico G. Alpine Diet in Valmalenco (Lombardy, Italy): Nutritional Features of Spontaneous Plants and Traditional Dishes. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081988. [PMID: 37111208 PMCID: PMC10143808 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Along the Alps, the Alpine diet is considered to be one of the most common nutritional models. Next to traditional animal-based products, spontaneous plants of the territory are collected and eaten. AIM The aim of this study is to evaluate the nutritional features of selected autochthonous plants of the territory and the typical recipe of green gnocchi. METHODS The analyses of proximate composition, carotenoid, total phenol, and mineral contents in raw and cooked plant samples and the chemical composition and in vitro starch digestibility in green and control gnocchi were performed. RESULTS Except for Aruncus dioicus, all the wild plants contained high levels of carotenoids (15-20 mg/100 g FW), mainly as xanthophylls. Rumex acetosa showed the highest levels of total phenols (554 mg GAE/100 g FW), and Urtica dioica can be considered to be a good dietary source of iron, calcium, and magnesium (4.9, 410, and 72 mg/100 g FW). Cooking significantly decreased the potassium and magnesium contents in all wild species, and total phenols and carotenoids in Aruncus dioicus, Blitum bonus-henricus, and Silene vulgaris (p < 0.05). The slowly digestible fraction of starch (%SDS/available starch), which is inversely correlated to insulin demand, was significantly increased in green gnocchi compared to matched control gnocchi (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Traditional consumption of spontaneous plants in the Alpine regions might increase the dietary intakes of several bioactive substances and contribute to cover the nutritional needs of micronutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizia Milani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Botanical Garden G.E. Ghirardi, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, 25088 Toscolano Maderno, Italy
| | - Martina Bottoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Botanical Garden G.E. Ghirardi, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, 25088 Toscolano Maderno, Italy
| | - Claudia Giuliani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Botanical Garden G.E. Ghirardi, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, 25088 Toscolano Maderno, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Colombo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Botanical Garden G.E. Ghirardi, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, 25088 Toscolano Maderno, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Casiraghi
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences DEFENS, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Sira Colombo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Botanical Garden G.E. Ghirardi, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, 25088 Toscolano Maderno, Italy
| | - Piero Bruschi
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental, Food and Forestry Science and Technology, University of Florence, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Daniela Erba
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences DEFENS, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Gelsomina Fico
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Botanical Garden G.E. Ghirardi, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, 25088 Toscolano Maderno, Italy
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17
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Golzarand M, Moslehi N, Mirmiran P, Azizi F. Adherence to the DASH, MeDi, and MIND diet scores and the incidence of metabolically unhealthy phenotypes. Obes Res Clin Pract 2023:S1871-403X(23)00025-X. [PMID: 37037714 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A metabolically unhealthy phenotype is associated with the risk of cardiometabolic events and can be prevented by adherence to healthy dietary patterns. The present study was designed to investigate the association between high adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Mediterranean (MeDi), and Mediterranean-DASH intervention for neurodegenerative delay (MIND) diet scores and the incidence of metabolically unhealthy phenotypes in adults across body mass index (BMI) categories. METHODS In this cohort study, 512 subjects with metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW) at baseline and 787 subjects with metabolically healthy overweight/obesity (MHOW/MHO) at baseline were included. Dietary intake was collected by a validated food frequency questionnaire, and DASH, MeDi, and MIND scores were calculated. The Joint Interim Statement (JIS) criteria were used to define a metabolically unhealthy status. RESULTS A total of 137 and 388 subjects with metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUNW) and metabolically unhealthy overweight/obesity (MUOW/MUO) phenotypes, respectively, were observed, over a mean of 5.91 years of follow-up. The Cox proportional hazard regression indicated participants in the third tertile of the DASH score had a lower risk of the MUNW phenotype (HR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.37-0.92) than those in the lowest tertile. Similarly, the highest adherence to the MeDi and MIND scores was also linked to a 46% (HR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.36-0.81) and 47% (HR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.34-0.83) lower risk of the MUNW phenotype, respectively. As well, there was an inverse relationship between the highest adherence to the DASH (HR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.50-0.86), MeDi (HR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.58-0.93), and MIND (HR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.43-0.74) scores and the risk of MUOW/MUO. There was no interaction between age and the three dietary patterns in relation to a metabolically unhealthy phenotype. CONCLUSION High compliance with the DASH, MeDi, and MIND scores was associated with a lower risk of MUNW. An inverse relationship between these three dietary patterns and the incidence of the metabolically unhealthy phenotype was also observed in individuals who had MHOW/MHO at baseline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Golzarand
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nazanin Moslehi
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Huo Y, Cao S, Liu J, Zhang B, Xu K, Wang Y, Liu H, Yang P, Zeng L, Yan H, Dang S, Mi B. The Association between Plant-Based Diet Indices and Metabolic Syndrome in Chinese Adults: Longitudinal Analyses from the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061341. [PMID: 36986071 PMCID: PMC10057991 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate the association between a plant-based diet and metabolic syndrome (MetS) among Chinese adults. Methods: Based on the data from the 2004–2015 China Health and Nutrition Survey and the corresponding edition of China Food Composition, we calculated the healthy plant-based diet indices (hPDI) and unhealthy plant-based diet indices (uPDI). The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for MetS. Mediation analysis was further conducted to explore the mediator role of Body Mass Index (BMI) in the association between hPDI and MetS. Results: We included 10,013 participants, and over a median follow-up of 5 years, 961 patients (9.60%) developed MetS. Compared to those in the lowest quintile of hPDI score, we found that those in the highest quintile of hPDI score had a 28% lower ([HR]: 0.72, 95% CI 0.56–0.93, Ptrend = 0.021) risk of developing MetS and had a 20% lower (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.80, 95% CI 0.70–0.92, Ptrend = 0.004) risk of developing abdominal obesity. No significant associations were observed between uPDI and the MetS, but those in the highest quintile of uPDI score had a 36% higher (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.36, 95% CI 1.20–1.64, Ptrend < 0.001) risk of developing abdominal obesity, compared to those in the lowest quintile of uPDI score. In exploratory analysis, we observed that BMI at baseline mediated 27.8% of the association between hPDI and incident MetS, and BMI at baseline mediated 29.7% of the association between hPDI and abdominal obesity. Conclusion: The current findings reveal a possible causal relationship between a healthy plant-based diet and a reduced risk of MetS, especially abdominal obesity. It is observed that BMI may mediate the relationship between hPDI score and MetS. Controlling early dietary patterns and BMI may help reduce the risk of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Baibing Mi
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-029-826-551-04207
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19
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Tranidou A, Dagklis T, Magriplis E, Apostolopoulou A, Tsakiridis I, Chroni V, Tsekitsidi E, Kalaitzopoulou I, Pazaras N, Chourdakis M. Pre-Pregnancy Adherence to Mediterranean Diet and Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Cohort Study in Greece. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040848. [PMID: 36839206 PMCID: PMC9967881 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a growing epidemic affecting pregnant women and their offspring. This study aimed to identify the relationship between adherence to a Mediterranean diet (MD) before conception and the risk of GDM in a contemporary Greek pregnant cohort. A prospective cohort of pregnant women was recruited at the routine first trimester visit. Nutritional intake was evaluated using a population specific validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Pre-pregnancy adherence to MD was derived using two different scoring systems, the Mediterranean diet index score (MDS), and a modified version. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) were computed using multiple logistic regression models for each score derived. Of 743 participating women, 112 (15.1%) developed GDM. The MDS index showed that scoring 5-9 points (high adherence) was associated with a lower GDM incidence (aOR: 0.57 95% CI (0.32, 0.90), p = 0.02), while the modified MDS index showed no significant association for any level of adherence. Pre-pregnancy consumption of "meat and derivatives" and "fatty meat and processed meat" was associated with a higher risk of GDM, with both scoring systems (p = 0.008, p = 0.004, respectively). A higher adherence to a MD pre-pregnancy, especially with less meat consumption, may have a protective effect on the occurrence of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antigoni Tranidou
- 3rd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Themistoklis Dagklis
- 3rd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence:
| | - Emmanuella Magriplis
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Apostolopoulou
- Laboratory of Hygiene, Social & Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Tsakiridis
- 3rd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Violeta Chroni
- Laboratory of Hygiene, Social & Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eirini Tsekitsidi
- Laboratory of Hygiene, Social & Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioustini Kalaitzopoulou
- Laboratory of Hygiene, Social & Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Pazaras
- Laboratory of Hygiene, Social & Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Michail Chourdakis
- Laboratory of Hygiene, Social & Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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20
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Bastos AA, Félix PV, Castro MA, Fisberg RM, Silva AAM, Yannakoulia M, Ribeiro SML. Comparison and convergent validity of five Mediterranean dietary indexes applied to Brazilian adults and older adults: data from a population-based study (2015 ISA-Nutrition). J Nutr Sci 2023; 12:e12. [PMID: 36843964 PMCID: PMC9947597 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2022.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Different dietary indexes are proposed to investigate adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD). However, they are based on different methodologies, and limited research has compared them to each other, particularly in non-Mediterranean populations. We aimed to compare five indexes intended to measure adherence to the MD. The sample was composed of adults and older adults (n 1187) from 2015 ISA-Nutrition, a cross-sectional population-based study in São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Dietary data obtained through two 24-h dietary recalls (24HDR) from which the Mediterranean diet scale (MDS), Mediterranean diet Score (MedDietscore), Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP), Mediterranean Adequacy Index (MAI) and Mediterranean-Style Dietary Pattern Score (MSDPS) were calculated. The correlations and agreements between them were analysed by Spearman's correlation and linearly weighted Cohen's Kappa coefficients, respectively. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were applied to investigate their convergent validity. The highest correlations were found between MDP and MAI (r = 0⋅76; 95% CI 0⋅74-0⋅79) and between MDP and MDS (r = 0⋅72; 95% CI 0⋅69-0⋅75). The greatest agreements observed were moderate, between MDP v. MAI (κ = 0⋅57, P < 0⋅001) and MDP v. MDS (κ = 0⋅48, P < 0⋅001). The goodness-of-fit of CFA for MedDietscore (RMSEA = 0⋅033, 90% CI 0⋅02-0⋅042; SRMR = 0⋅042) and MSDPS (RMSEA = 0⋅028, 90% CI 0⋅019-0⋅037; SRMR = 0⋅031) had acceptable values for absolute fit indices. Vegetables, olive oil, MUFA:SFA ratio and cereals with legumes were more relevant to characterise the MD (factor loadings ≥0⋅50). The MDS, MAI and MDP classified the population similarly, but the MedDietscore showed better performances in evaluating adherence to the MD. These results provided guidance for the most appropriate Mediterranean dietary index to be applied in non-Mediterranean populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amália A. Bastos
- Department of Nutrition, Public Health School, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula V. Félix
- Department of Nutrition, Public Health School, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Regina M. Fisberg
- Department of Nutrition, Public Health School, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antônio A. M. Silva
- Department of Public Health, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Mary Yannakoulia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Sandra M. L. Ribeiro
- Department of Nutrition, Public Health School, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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A peer support dietary change intervention for encouraging adoption and maintenance of the Mediterranean diet in a non-Mediterranean population (TEAM-MED): lessons learned and suggested improvements. J Nutr Sci 2023; 12:e13. [PMID: 36843970 PMCID: PMC9947623 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2023.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Peer support interventions for dietary change may offer cost-effective alternatives to interventions led by health professionals. This process evaluation of a trial to encourage the adoption and maintenance of a Mediterranean diet in a Northern European population at high CVD risk (TEAM-MED) aimed to investigate the feasibility of implementing a group-based peer support intervention for dietary change, positive elements of the intervention and aspects that could be improved. Data on training and support for the peer supporters; intervention fidelity and acceptability; acceptability of data collection processes for the trial and reasons for withdrawal from the trial were considered. Data were collected from observations, questionnaires and interviews, with both peer supporters and trial participants. Peer supporters were recruited and trained to result in successful implementation of the intervention; all intended sessions were run, with the majority of elements included. Peer supporters were complimentary of the training, and positive comments from participants centred around the peer supporters, the intervention materials and the supportive nature of the group sessions. Attendance at the group sessions, however, waned over the intervention, with suggested effects on intervention engagement, enthusiasm and group cohesion. Reduced attendance was reportedly a result of meeting (in)frequency and organisational concerns, but increased social activities and group-based activities may also increase engagement, group cohesion and attendance. The peer support intervention was successfully implemented and tested, but improvements can be suggested and may enhance the successful nature of these types of interventions. Some consideration of personal preferences may also improve outcomes.
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Thomas MS, Calle M, Fernandez ML. Healthy plant-based diets improve dyslipidemias, insulin resistance, and inflammation in metabolic syndrome. A narrative review. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:44-54. [PMID: 36811593 PMCID: PMC10103000 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-based diets (PBDs) have become very popular in recent years and have been identified as a dietary strategy associated with protection against chronic disease. However, the classifications of PBDs vary depending on the type of diet. Some PBDs have been recognized as healthful for their high content of vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and fiber, or unhealthful if they are high in simple sugars and saturated fat. Depending on this classification, the type of PBD impacts its protective effects against disease dramatically. Metabolic syndrome (MetS), characterized by the presence of high plasma triglycerides and low HDL cholesterol, impaired glucose metabolism, elevated blood pressure, and increased concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers, also increases the risk for heart disease and diabetes. Thus, healthful plant-based diets could be considered favorable for individuals having MetS. The different types of plant-based diets (vegan, lacto-vegetarian, lacto-ovo-vegetarian, or pescatarian) are discussed with a focus on specific effects of dietary components in maintaining a healthy weight, protecting against dyslipidemias, insulin resistance, hypertension, and low-grade inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minu S Thomas
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Mariana Calle
- Department of Health Sciences, Worcester State University, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Maria Luz Fernandez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
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Razmpoosh E, Moslehi N, Abdollahi S, Soltani S, Mirmiran P, Azizi F. The Mediterranean, DASH, and MIND diets and the incident of hypertension over a median follow-up of 7.4 years in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2374. [PMID: 36528561 PMCID: PMC9759907 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14843-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the favorable effects of well-known dietary patterns in the treatment of hypertension (HTN), such as the Mediterranean (MED) and Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diets, it is uncertain if adherence to these diets can reduce the risk of HTN, especially in non-Mediterranean populations. Moreover, none of the previous studies evaluated the association between the MED-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet adherence and the incidence of HTN. Therefore, we aimed to assess the association of adherence to these diets with the development of HTN in adults. METHODS This prospective study included 2706 adults free of HTN who were selected from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. The MED, DASH, and MIND diet scores were computed at baseline using dietary information collected with the food frequency questionnaire. Associations between the dietary indices and risk of HTN over a median follow-up of 7.4 years were examined using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. RESULTS The baseline mean age of participants was 37.9 ± 12.5 years (age range: 20-79 years), and 52.4% were women. During the 18262 person-years follow-up, 599 incidents of HTN were identified. There was no significant relationship between the dietary scores and the risk of HTN, either as continuous or categorical variables, even after excluding individuals with early/late HTN diagnosis, prehypertension, diabetes, or chronic kidney disease at baseline. A significant interaction was found between body mass index (BMI) and DASH (P-interaction < 0.001). Stratified analyses based on baseline BMI status revealed an inverse association between DASH and HTN risk in individuals with normal-weight (HR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.71-0.98, P = 0.031), although this association did not reach statistical significance across the tertiles of DASH. CONCLUSIONS In this study, MED, DASH, and MIND showed no significant association with the occurrence of HTN in adults. Further prospective studies on diverse populations are required to assess whether adherence to the MED, DASH, and MIND diets is an effective strategy for reducing the occurrence HTN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Razmpoosh
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Moslehi
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Abdollahi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Sepideh Soltani
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Al Kudsee K, Vahid F, Bohn T. High adherence to the Mediterranean diet and Alternative Healthy Eating Index are associated with reduced odds of metabolic syndrome and its components in participants of the ORISCAV-LUX2 study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1087985. [PMID: 36583217 PMCID: PMC9793091 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1087985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a major risk factor for cardiometabolic complications. Certain dietary patterns play a pivotal role in improving MetS components. The aim of this investigation was to study associations between the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) and the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) and the odds of MetS and its components in adults living in Luxembourg. Methods Data from 1,404 adults participating in the cross-sectional ORISCAV-LUX2 study were analyzed by a self-reported questionnaire, anthropometric measures, a food frequency questionnaire (174 items), and blood/urine samples. Results A significant association of dietary indices and MetS was not found except when expressing MetS as a score (continuous variable, log-transformed), based on the weighting of compounds using exploratory factor analysis with the MDS (β = -0.118, 95% CI: -0.346, -0.120) and AHEI (β = -0.133, 95% CI: -0.059, -0.019). Fully adjusted linear regression models further showed significant inverse associations between components of MetS and MDS (all as log-transformed variables), including body mass index (BMI) (β = -0.0067, 95% CI: -0.0099, -0.0036), waist-circumference (WC) (β = -0.0048, 95% CI: -0.0072, -0.0024), systolic blood pressure (SBP) (β = -0.0038, 95% CI: -0.0061, -0.0016), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (β = -0.0035, 95% CI: -0.0060, -0.0009). Similarly, significant inverse associations between AHEI and components of MetS (log-transformed) included BMI (β = -0.0001, 95% CI: -0.0016, -0.0002), WC (β = -0.0007, 95% CI: -0.0011, -0.0002), SBP (β = -0.0006, 95% CI: -0.0010, -0.0002), and DBP (β = -0.0006, 95% CI: -0.0011, -0.0001). Conclusion Higher adherence to a Mediterranean diet and following healthy eating guidelines were associated with reduced odds of MetS and several of its components in Luxembourgish residents, highlighting that balanced and healthy eating patterns are a crucial cornerstone in the fight against MetS.
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Muscogiuri G, Verde L, Sulu C, Katsiki N, Hassapidou M, Frias-Toral E, Cucalón G, Pazderska A, Yumuk VD, Colao A, Barrea L. Mediterranean Diet and Obesity-related Disorders: What is the Evidence? Curr Obes Rep 2022; 11:287-304. [PMID: 36178601 PMCID: PMC9729142 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-022-00481-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Obesity is a chronic disease, a major public health problem due to its association with non-communicable diseases and all-cause mortality. Indeed, people with obesity are at increased risk for a variety of obesity-related disorders including hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and several cancers. Many popular diets with very different macronutrient composition, including the Mediterranean diet (MD), have been used, proposed, and studied for prevention and management of obesity. In particular, MD has been the subject of countless studies over the years and now boasts a large body of scientific literature. In this review, we aimed to update current knowledge by summarizing the most recent evidence on the effect of MD on obesity and obesity-related disorders. RECENT FINDINGS The negative effects of obesity are partly reversed by substantial weight loss that can be achieved with MD, especially when low-calorie and in combination with adequate physical activity. In addition, the composition of MD has been correlated with an excellent effect on reducing dyslipidemia. It also positively modulates the gut microbiota and immune system, significantly decreasing inflammatory mediators, a common ground for many obesity-related disorders. People with obesity are at increased risk for a variety of medical disorders including hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, there is an inevitable need for measures to manage obesity and its related disorders. At this point, MD has been proposed as a valuable nutritional intervention. It is characterized by a high consumption of vegetables, fruit, nuts, cereals, whole grains, and extra virgin olive oil, as well as a moderate consumption of fish and poultry, and a limited intake of sweets, red meat, and dairy products. MD proves to be the healthiest dietary pattern available to tackle obesity and prevent several non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Endocrinology Unit, University Federico II, Naples, Italy.
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.
- Cattedra Unesco "Educazione alla salute e allo sviluppo sostenibile", University Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Ludovica Verde
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Cem Sulu
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Niki Katsiki
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Hassapidou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evelyn Frias-Toral
- School of Medicine, Universidad Católica Santiago de Guayaquil, Av. Pdte. Carlos Julio Arosemena Tola, Guayaquil, 090615, Ecuador
| | - Gabriela Cucalón
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Lifescience Faculty, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Agnieszka Pazderska
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes-Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, 34098, Turkey
| | - Volkan Demirhan Yumuk
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Endocrinology Unit, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
- Cattedra Unesco "Educazione alla salute e allo sviluppo sostenibile", University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Barrea
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche, Università Telematica Pegaso, Naples, 80143, Italy.
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Poráčová J, Uher I, Vašková H, Kimáková T, Konečná M, Blaščáková MM, Sedlák V. Effectiveness of Adherence to a Mediterranean Diet in the Management of Overweight Women: The Prospective Interventional Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15927. [PMID: 36498001 PMCID: PMC9740687 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Evidence indicates that unhealthy eating habits constitute multilevel obstacles threatening health and well-being. Studies suggest that consumer choices have turned irremovably towards Western diets. The Mediterranean diet (MD) is considered one of the most effective in preventing and treating overweight and obesity, yet its results and associations are ambiguous. This explanatory research aims to examine the effect of the MD on anthropometric and biochemical variables in 181 females from an Eastern European country. The sample was divided into three distinct clusters based on age (tricenarian, quadragenarian, and quinquagenarian). Anthropometric and biochemical examinations in the three-month MD program plan failed to provide convincing evidence of the benefits of the MD on selected integrands. However, total body fat (FATP) values between groups showed a significant difference (p ≤ 0.032) between groups A and C (p ≤ 0.029), which can be attributed to the age of the cohort (30-39 vs. 50-60 years). Values in groups A and B (p ≤ 0.001) and C and A (p ≤ 0.001) were significant between the cohorts but did not indicate any changes in visceral fat (VFATL) in the individual groups. The presented findings can have implications for further investigation and the development of more comprehensive instruments, incorporating critical add-on constituents that will be appropriate to monitor, evaluate, and predict body weight management in experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janka Poráčová
- Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Prešov, 080 01 Prešov, Slovakia
| | - Ivan Uher
- Institute of Physical Education and Sport, Pavol Jozef Šafárika University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Hedviga Vašková
- Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Prešov, 080 01 Prešov, Slovakia
| | - Tatiana Kimáková
- Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Mária Konečná
- Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Prešov, 080 01 Prešov, Slovakia
| | | | - Vincent Sedlák
- Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Prešov, 080 01 Prešov, Slovakia
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Amerikanou C, Kleftaki SA, Valsamidou E, Tzavara C, Gioxari A, Kaliora AC. Dietary Patterns, Cardiometabolic and Lifestyle Variables in Greeks with Obesity and Metabolic Disorders. Nutrients 2022; 14:5064. [PMID: 36501093 PMCID: PMC9738070 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There is considerable evidence that some dietary patterns contribute to obesity and metabolic disorders but there is less data on diet's association with different health parameters. We investigated the interaction between different dietary patterns and anthropometric, biochemical, lifestyle, and psychological health parameters in a Greek population with obesity and metabolic disorders. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in Greece with a thorough and holistic approach in analyzing such relationships. For assessing food patterns, revealing underlying structures, and reducing the number of variables we applied exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Principal Component Analysis was chosen as the extraction method using Varimax rotation, and three regression sets were computed. The study involved 146 Greek metabolically unhealthy obese adults, both men and women. Our cohort was categorized into four dietary patterns: "Western type diet", "Mediterranean-like diet", "Healthy diet", and "Animal meat and sauces diet". Dietary patterns characterized by a high consumption of energy-dense and animal-derived foods were positively associated with anthropometric and biochemical parameters related to metabolic disorders. Plant-based, healthier dietary patterns, on the other hand, were associated with better biochemical and mental health profiles among metabolically unhealthy obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalampia Amerikanou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Ave, 17676 Athens, Greece
| | - Stamatia-Angeliki Kleftaki
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Ave, 17676 Athens, Greece
| | - Evdokia Valsamidou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Ave, 17676 Athens, Greece
| | - Chara Tzavara
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Ave, 17676 Athens, Greece
| | - Aristea Gioxari
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Ave, 17676 Athens, Greece
- Department of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, School of Health Science, University of the Peloponnese, Antikalamos, 24100 Kalamata, Greece
| | - Andriana C. Kaliora
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Ave, 17676 Athens, Greece
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DAYI TAYGUN, OZGOREN MURAT. Effects of the Mediterranean diet on the components of metabolic syndrome. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2022; 63:E56-E64. [PMID: 36479500 PMCID: PMC9710414 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.2s3.2747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome, also as known as Syndrome X or Insulin Resistance Syndrome, is a complex health problem featuring visceral obesity (the main diagnostic criterion), insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and high blood pressure. Currently, this health condition has gained a momentum globally while raising concerns among health-related communities. The World Health Organization, American Heart Association and International Diabetes Federation have formulated diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome. Diet and nutrition can influence this syndrome: for example, the Western diet is associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome, whereas the Nordic and Mediterranean diets and the Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension are potentially beneficial. The Mediterranean diet can affect the components of metabolic syndrome due to its high dietary fiber, omega 3 and 9 fatty acids, complex carbohydrates, antioxidants, minerals, vitamins and bioactive substances, such as polyphenols. These nutrients and bioactive substances can combat obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension and diabetes mellitus. The mechanisms by which they do so are generally related to oxidative stress, inflammation (the most common risk factors for metabolic syndrome) and gastrointestinal function. The literature also shows examples of positive effects of the Mediterranean diet on the metabolic syndrome. In this review of the literature, we shed light on the effects, mechanisms and dynamic relationship between the Mediterranean diet and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- TAYGUN DAYI
- Near East University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Cyprus
- Correspondence: Taygun Dayi, Near East University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Cyprus 99138. E-mail: ; Murat Ozgoren, Near East University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Cyprus 99138. E-mail:
| | - MURAT OZGOREN
- Near East University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Cyprus
- Correspondence: Taygun Dayi, Near East University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Cyprus 99138. E-mail: ; Murat Ozgoren, Near East University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Cyprus 99138. E-mail:
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Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Markers Related to Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050901. [PMID: 35624765 PMCID: PMC9137637 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by increased pro-oxidative stress and a pro-inflammatory state. Several studies emphasized the protective effect of the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP). To assess the oxidative and inflammatory state according to the adherence to MDP using biomarkers in patients with MetS. Antioxidant and pro-inflammatory biomarkers were determined in plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and neutrophils of adults (aged 55–75 years old; 60% women) with MetS living in Mallorca (Spain). Anthropometrics, dietary intake by a validated semi-quantitative 143-item food frequency questionnaire, and a Dietary Inflammatory Index were measured. Patients with low adherence to MDP showed higher levels of glycated haemoglobin A1c and triglycerides, and lower levels of HDL cholesterol. Plasma levels of interleukin-1β, IL-6, IL-15, tumour necrosis factor α, xanthine oxidase, and ghrelin, and activities of superoxide dismutase, and myeloperoxidase were higher in subjects with low adherence to the MDP. Reactive oxygen species production in PBMCs and neutrophils stimulated with lipopolysaccharide was higher in participants with low adherence to the MDP. Patients with MetS and higher adherence to the MDP showed less altered anthropometric parameters, blood biochemical profile, and better oxidative and inflammatory status.
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Sanz JM, Sergi D, Colombari S, Capatti E, Situlin R, Biolo G, Di Girolamo FG, Lazzer S, Šimunič B, Pišot R, Passaro A. Dietary Acid Load but Not Mediterranean Diet Adherence Score Is Associated With Metabolic and Cardiovascular Health State: A Population Observational Study From Northern Italy. Front Nutr 2022; 9:828587. [PMID: 35558749 PMCID: PMC9087734 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.828587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet plays a pivotal role in shaping the trajectory of chronic diseases. In this regard, the Mediterranean diet has been widely shown to exert beneficial effects on cardiometabolic health. On the contrary, the Western diet, which has also been reported to be an acidogenic dietary pattern, elicits detrimental effects on both metabolic and cardiovascular (CV) health. However, the role of dietary acid load (DAL) as a predictor of cardiometabolic prognosis remains to be elucidated. Thus, this study aims to compare Mediterranean diet adherence (MDA) and DAL focusing on their relationship with metabolic and CV prognosis. A total of 448 individuals aged 55-80 years were grouped depending on their MDA, assessed using food frequency questionnaires, or DAL, evaluated using potential renal load acid (PRAL) and net-endogenous acid production (NEAP). Study participants underwent anthropometric and biochemical measurements. The metabolic syndrome (MetS) prevalence was evaluated according to the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III. Finally, the CV risk was evaluated using three independent algorithms: atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), European Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE), and Cuore risk scores. Mediterranean diet adherence was negatively associated with PRAL and NEAP. Individuals in the higher MDA tertile group had higher HDL cholesterol as well as lower homeostasis model assessment index (HOMA-IR) and fat mass relative to the lowest MDA tertile. However, in the high-MDA tertile group, there was neither a significantly lower MetS prevalence nor CV risk. Instead, both the MetS prevalence and CV risk were higher in individuals in the higher acid PRAL quartile relative to the lower alkaline PRAL quartile. Dietary acid load, especially assessed using PRAL but not MDA, was associated with indices of metabolic and CV prognosis. Thus, DAL assessed by 24-h dietary recalls may represent a better predictor of cardiometabolic health if compared to MDA evaluated using food frequency questionnaires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juana Maria Sanz
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Domenico Sergi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simona Colombari
- University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant'Anna, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Eleonora Capatti
- University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant'Anna, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberta Situlin
- Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, Clinica Medica ASUGI, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gianni Biolo
- Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, Clinica Medica ASUGI, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Filippo Giorgio Di Girolamo
- Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, Clinica Medica ASUGI, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Hospital Pharmacy, Cattinara Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefano Lazzer
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Boštjan Šimunič
- Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Center of Koper, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Rado Pišot
- Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Center of Koper, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Angelina Passaro
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant'Anna, Ferrara, Italy
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Peripheral and cognitive benefits of physical exercise in a mouse model of midlife metabolic syndrome. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3260. [PMID: 35228593 PMCID: PMC8885684 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07252-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite national and international efforts for the prevention of metabolic syndrome and its underlying diseases/disorders, its prevalence is still rising, especially in the middle-aged population. In this study, we explore the effect of high fat diet on the development of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged mice and to evaluate the potential benefits of voluntary physical exercise on the periphery as well as brain cognitive function, and to explore the potential mechanisms. We found that metabolic syndrome developed at middle age significantly impairs cognitive function and the impairment is associated with gene dysregulation in metabolic pathways that are largely affecting astrocytes in the brain. Eight-week voluntary wheel running at a frequency of three times a week, not only improves peripheral glucose control but also significantly improves learning and memory. The improvement of cognitive function is associated with restoration of gene expression involved in energy metabolism in the brain. Our study suggests that voluntary physical exercise is beneficial for metabolic syndrome-induced peripheral as well as cognitive dysfunction and can be recommended as therapeutic intervention for metabolic syndrome and associated diseases.
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Mediterranean Diet Adherence and Nutritional Status in Dalmatian Diabetic Hypertensive Patients Regarding Presence of Chronic Kidney Disease—Is There Any Difference? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19042293. [PMID: 35206484 PMCID: PMC8872492 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the Mediterranean diet has emerged as one of the dietary patterns that could have positive effects on overall health as well in the treatment of non-communicable chronic diseases. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine differences in adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MeDi) and nutritional status in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and arterial hypertension (AH) regarding the presence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Two hundred and forty-eight Dalmatian diabetic hypertensive patients (DDHP) were included, and 164 (66.1%) of them had CKD. Data about anthropometric parameters, clinical and laboratory parameters, as well as lifestyle questionnaire and Mediterranean Diet Serving Score (MDSS) were collected for each study participant. Furthermore, body composition was assessed using MC-780 Multi Frequency Segmental Body Mass Analyzer (Tanita). Body mass index (BMI) as well as waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were calculated. Results showed that only 8.9% of DDHP were adherent to the MeDi without significant differences regarding the presence of CKD. Therefore, only 9.1% of participants with CKD were adherent to the MeDi. Dietary recommendations were received by 52.8% of DDHP and 49.4% with CKD, while only 12.8% of those with CKD were adherent to the given recommendations. The results showed that 88.3% of DDHP and 87.8% of the DDHP with CKD were overweight or obese. Statically significant lower frequency of nut intake suggested by the MeDi was found in those participants with CKD (p = 0.02). Therefore, the significant associations between adherence to each MeDi component as well as MDSS score with the development of CKD among all study subjects were not found. In conclusion, the results showed a low level of nutritional care in our region and low adherence to MeDi among DDHP. According to the results, there is an urgent need to improve nutritional care in our region, with a special focus on the MeDi for this especially vulnerable population of patients.
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Barré T, Fontaine H, Pol S, Ramier C, Di Beo V, Protopopescu C, Marcellin F, Bureau M, Bourlière M, Dorival C, Petrov-Sanchez V, Asselah T, Delarocque-Astagneau E, Larrey D, Duclos-Vallée JC, Carrat F, Carrieri P. Metabolic Disorders in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection: Coffee as a Panacea? (ANRS CO22 Hepather Cohort). Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020379. [PMID: 35204261 PMCID: PMC8869416 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
People living with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection are at high risk of liver disease progression, which is positively associated with metabolic disorders, but inversely associated with dyslipidemia. Diet, including dietary antioxidants, is a lever of metabolic disorder management. In particular, elevated coffee consumption is associated with different metabolic outcomes in the general population. We aimed to test whether such associations occur in HBV-infected people. Based on cross-sectional data from the ANRS CO22 Hepather cohort, we performed logistic regression models with (i) dyslipidemia, (ii) hypertension, and (iii) diabetes as outcomes, and with demographic, clinical, and socio-behavioral (including coffee consumption) data as explanatory variables. Among 4746 HBV-infected patients, drinking ≥3 cups of coffee per day was associated with a higher risk of dyslipidemia (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval] 1.49 [1.10–2.00], p = 0.009) and a lower risk of hypertension (0.64 [0.50–0.82], p = 0.001). It was not associated with diabetes. Elevated coffee consumption was associated with a higher risk of dyslipidemia and a lower risk of hypertension in HBV-infected patients, two effects expected to be associated with favorable clinical outcomes. Further studies should test whether such metabolic benefits translate into reduced mortality risk in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangui Barré
- Aix Marseille Univ. Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l’Information Médicale, ISSPAM, 13005 Marseille, France; (T.B.); (C.R.); (V.D.B.); (C.P.); (F.M.); (M.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Hélène Fontaine
- Université de Paris, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Département d’Hépatologie/Addictologie, 75014 Paris, France; (H.F.); (S.P.)
| | - Stanislas Pol
- Université de Paris, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Département d’Hépatologie/Addictologie, 75014 Paris, France; (H.F.); (S.P.)
| | - Clémence Ramier
- Aix Marseille Univ. Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l’Information Médicale, ISSPAM, 13005 Marseille, France; (T.B.); (C.R.); (V.D.B.); (C.P.); (F.M.); (M.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Vincent Di Beo
- Aix Marseille Univ. Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l’Information Médicale, ISSPAM, 13005 Marseille, France; (T.B.); (C.R.); (V.D.B.); (C.P.); (F.M.); (M.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Camelia Protopopescu
- Aix Marseille Univ. Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l’Information Médicale, ISSPAM, 13005 Marseille, France; (T.B.); (C.R.); (V.D.B.); (C.P.); (F.M.); (M.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Fabienne Marcellin
- Aix Marseille Univ. Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l’Information Médicale, ISSPAM, 13005 Marseille, France; (T.B.); (C.R.); (V.D.B.); (C.P.); (F.M.); (M.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Morgane Bureau
- Aix Marseille Univ. Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l’Information Médicale, ISSPAM, 13005 Marseille, France; (T.B.); (C.R.); (V.D.B.); (C.P.); (F.M.); (M.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Marc Bourlière
- Aix Marseille Univ. Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l’Information Médicale, ISSPAM, 13005 Marseille, France; (T.B.); (C.R.); (V.D.B.); (C.P.); (F.M.); (M.B.); (M.B.)
- Hôpital St. Joseph, Service d’Hépato-Gastroentérologie, 13008 Marseille, France
| | - Céline Dorival
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Sorbonne Université, 75646 Paris, France;
| | - Ventzislava Petrov-Sanchez
- ANRS MIE (France Recherche Nord & Sud Sida-HIV Hépatites|Maladies Infectieuses Emergentes), Unit for Basic and Clinical Research on Viral Hepatitis, 73013 Paris, France;
| | - Tarik Asselah
- Université de Paris, Centre de Recherche sur L’inflammation, INSERM UMR1149, 75018 Paris, France;
- Department of Hepatology, AP-HP, Hôpital Beaujon, 92110 Clichy, France
| | - Elisabeth Delarocque-Astagneau
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, Team Anti-Infective Evasion and Pharmacoepidemiology, 78180 Montigny, France;
- AP-HP, GHU Paris Saclay University, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, 92380 Garches, France
| | - Dominique Larrey
- Liver Unit-IRB-INSERM 1183, Hôpital Saint Eloi, 34090 Montpellier, France;
| | - Jean-Charles Duclos-Vallée
- AP-HP Hôpital Paul-Brousse, Centre Hépato-Biliaire, Villejuif, UMR-S 1193, Université Paris-Saclay, FHU HEPATINOV, 94800 Villejuif, France;
| | - Fabrice Carrat
- Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Unité de Santé Publique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75012 Paris, France;
| | - Patrizia Carrieri
- Aix Marseille Univ. Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l’Information Médicale, ISSPAM, 13005 Marseille, France; (T.B.); (C.R.); (V.D.B.); (C.P.); (F.M.); (M.B.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Mattioli AV, Coppi F, Manenti A, Farinetti A. Subclinical Vascular Damage: Current Insights and Future Potential. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2021; 17:729-738. [PMID: 34866906 PMCID: PMC8633547 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s242636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiovascular risk assessment must be carried out during all the different phases of life because the cardiovascular risk and the related prevention actions are dynamic and constantly evolving. As patients age, they change their exposure to various risk factors and accumulate comorbidities by changing their subjective cardiovascular risk, so it is necessary to undertake personalized early and preventive diagnostic actions. The main approach to asymptomatic vascular disease is based on primary prevention with the adoption of a healthy lifestyle. Indeed, lifestyle influences most of the traditional risk factors. In recent years, important differences between the sexes regarding cardiovascular risk factors have emerged and in particular, risk factors specific for female sex have been identified. Women are more likely to be categorized into lower risk categories for cardiovascular disease and, as a result, receive less lifestyle counseling than men, as well as less intensive prevention. This narrative review aims to analyze CVD risk prevention in asymptomatic atherosclerosis with a look at new emerging factors. In the end, we quickly analyzed the effects of the recent pandemic on lifestyle and cardiovascular risk and the potential negative effects in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vittoria Mattioli
- Surgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences Related to Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Manenti
- Surgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences Related to Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alberto Farinetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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López-Moreno M, Garcés-Rimón M, Miguel M, Iglesias López MT. Adherence to Mediterranean Diet, Alcohol Consumption and Emotional Eating in Spanish University Students. Nutrients 2021; 13:3174. [PMID: 34579051 PMCID: PMC8466414 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Introduction: The university period may increase the risk of different unhealthy habits, such as low adherence to the Mediterranean diet, high alcohol consumption and eating in response to specific emotions. The aim of this study was to detect early-risk alcohol consumption and alcohol dependence (ADS), the degree of adherence to the Mediterranean diet and emotional eating in university students of the Madrid community. (2) Methods: For each individual, anthropometric parameters, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), AUDIT-Consumption (AUDIT-C), the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) and the Emotional Eater Questionnaire (EEQ) were assessed. (3) Results: A total of 584 university students aged 20.5 (sex ratio = 0.39) were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. In total, 63.6% of students showed low adherence to the Mediterranean diet, with no differences by sex (64.3% female versus 61.5% male, p = 0.19). According to the AUDIT questionnaire, 26.2% of participants were categorized as high-risk drinkers and 7.7% as ADS. About 38.6% of the students were categorized as eating very emotionally or eating emotionally, and 37.2% were categorized as low emotional eaters. A weak positive correlation was observed between the EEQ and BMI in female students (rho= 0.15, p = 0.03). (4) Conclusions: University students in our sample showed a low adherence to the Mediterranean diet, an important high-risk alcohol consumption and low emotional eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel López-Moreno
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de Alimentación, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.-M.); (M.G.-R.); (M.M.)
- Grupo de Investigación en Biotecnología Alimentaria, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Garcés-Rimón
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de Alimentación, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.-M.); (M.G.-R.); (M.M.)
- Grupo de Investigación en Biotecnología Alimentaria, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Miguel
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de Alimentación, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.-M.); (M.G.-R.); (M.M.)
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Magriplis E, Chourdakis M. Special Issue "Mediterranean Diet and Metabolic Diseases". Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082680. [PMID: 34444840 PMCID: PMC8398808 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet (MD) has been considered among the healthiest dietary patterns since a little over 50 years ago, Ancel Keys-as the key figure-provided evidence for the beneficial effects of the MD [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuella Magriplis
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (E.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Michail Chourdakis
- Laboratory of Hygiene, Social and Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence: (E.M.); (M.C.)
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