1
|
Duan H, Sun Q, Chen C, Wang R, Yan W. A Review: The Effect of Bovine Colostrum on Immunity in People of All Ages. Nutrients 2024; 16:2007. [PMID: 38999755 PMCID: PMC11242949 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Bovine colostrum provides newborn calves with strong passive immunity, which will further affect the immunity of their offspring. Compared with other commercial dairy products, bovine colostrum emphasizes the limit of aflatoxin M1, pathogenic bacteria, microorganisms, antibiotics, stimulants, and other items, so it is safe to use. There are many reports that the use of bovine colostrum as a breast milk fortifier for preterm infants provides necessary immune support for premature infants, but the selection of bovine colostrum products chosen must be free of Bacillus cereus because they are very dangerous for premature infants. This also emphasizes that for the bovine colostrum that is used in preterm infants, more clinical research support is needed. At the same time, it should also be emphasized that the composition of BC is different from that of human colostrum, in particular, the main protein of BC is casein, while the main protein in breast milk is whey protein, especially α-lactalbumin, which together with ovalbumin is still the reference protein with the best biological value, especially for muscles. Therefore, bovine colostrum is currently not a complete substitute for breast milk. In recent years, in addition to reports of bovine colostrum use in preterm infants, studies have also found that bovine colostrum has immunomodulatory and promoting effects in adolescents, adults, and the elderly. This suggests that bovine colostrum has the potential to provide appropriate immune support for people of all ages. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the quality of nutritional characteristics of bovine colostrum on three dimensions. The effects of bovine colostrum on people of all ages is a narrative review of the effects of bovine colostrum on immunity in people of all ages. This review identified several classes of immunoactive substances in bovine colostrum, including immunoglobulins, cytokines, and enzymes, and compared the nutritional composition of bovine colostrum with mature milk, colostrum and mature milk in full-term breast milk, and colostrum and mature milk in preterm breast milk, to demonstrate that bovine colostrum provides a rich range of immunoactive components. In addition, the influencing factors affecting the quality of bovine colostrum (immunoglobulin) were reviewed, and it was found that individual differences, environmental factors, and processing methods had a great impact on the quality of BC. More importantly, the immunomodulatory effects of bovine colostrum in people of all ages were reviewed in detail (with an emphasis on preterm infants and immunocompromised children in neonates) as evidence to support the immunity effects of colostrum in people of all ages. This review hopes to use the above evidence to make people understand the health role of bovine colostrum as having a human immunomodulatory effect, and at the same time, when seeing the potential value of bovine colostrum in the future, the limitations of its application should also be deeply re-explored, such as lactose intolerance, allergies, etc., to provide effective solutions for the wide application of bovine colostrum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Duan
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China;
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Food, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Native Nutrition and Medical Research Institute, Tianmeijian Biotechnology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 100101, China
- Research and Development Center, Jiangsu Tianmeijian Nature Bioengineering Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210038, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Native Nutrition and Medical Research Institute, Tianmeijian Biotechnology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 100101, China
| | - Rongchang Wang
- Research and Development Center, Jiangsu Tianmeijian Nature Bioengineering Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210038, China
- Research and Development Center, Nanjing Daily Nutrition Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211215, China
| | - Wenjie Yan
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China;
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Food, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Feng C, Chen P, Zhang W, Luo B, Du G, Liao T, Zheng C. A evidence-based approach to selecting post-exercise cryostimulation techniques for improving exercise performance and fatigue recovery: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32196. [PMID: 38933969 PMCID: PMC11200300 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Rationale Cryostimulation involves using water environments and low temperatures as intervention mediums, with main methods including CWI (cold water immersion), CWT (contrast water therapy), and WBC (whole-body cryostimulation). Previous systematic reviews focused on the effect of cryostimulation on muscle fatigue and sports performance. However, studies on the selection of different cryostimulation methods and their intervention effects present inconsistent results. Introduction To systematically review and methodologically appraise the quality and effectiveness of existing intervention studies that the effects of various cryostimulation methods, including CWI, CWT, and WBC, on exercise performance and fatigue recovery. Methods Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted searches in PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and EBSCO databases to gather randomized controlled trials or self-controlled trials involving CWI/CWT/WBC and their effects on exercise performance or fatigue recovery. The search period ranged from November 2013 to November 2, 2023. Literature screening was performed using EndNote X9.1, and the quality of included studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool. Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.3 software. Results This study included a total of 18 articles, included a total of 499 healthy participants, comprising 479 males and 20 females. Among them, participants underwent cryostimulation, including 102 using CWT, using CWI, and 58 using WBC. Compared to the control group, cryostimulation can significantly alleviate muscle pain intensity (SMD -0.45, 95% CL -0.82 to 0.09, P = 0.01). Specifically, CWI significantly reduced muscle pain intensity (SMD = -0.45, 95% CI: 0.820.09, P = 0.01), WBC significantly decreased C-reactive protein levels (SMD = -1.36, 95% CI: 2.350.36, P = 0.008). While, CWT showed no significant differences from the control group in exercise performance and fatigue recovery indicators (P > 0.05). Conclusion Cryostimulation can significantly reduce muscle pain intensity and perceived fatigue. Specifically, CWI significantly alleviates muscle pain intensity, WBC significantly lowers markers of inflammation caused by fatigue after exercise, in contrast, CWT does not significantly improve exercise performance and fatigue recovery. After exercise, compared with rest, using cryostimulation may have more noticeable benefits for muscle fatigue and muscle pain, with recommendations prioritizing WBC and CWI particularly for addressing inflammation and muscle pain. However, all cryostimulation may have no significant influence on exercise performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Feng
- Aquatic Therapy and Fitness Center, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese & Western Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Peng Chen
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese & Western Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bingting Luo
- Aquatic Therapy and Fitness Center, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Geng Du
- Aquatic Therapy and Fitness Center, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ting Liao
- Aquatic Therapy and Fitness Center, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chanjuan Zheng
- Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese & Western Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Agustiningsih D, Wibawa T. Demystifying roles of exercise in immune response regulation against acute respiratory infections: A narrative review. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024; 6:139-153. [PMID: 38708320 PMCID: PMC11067861 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The benefits of physical activity and exercise, especially those classified as moderate-to-vigorous activity (MVPA), have been well-established in preventing non-communicable diseases and mental health problems in healthy adults. However, the relationship between physical activity and exercise and the prevention and management of acute respiratory infection (ARI), a global high-burden disease, has been inconclusive. There have been debates and disagreements among scientific publications regarding the relationship between exercise and immune response against the causative agents of ARI. This narrative review aims to explore the theory that sufficiently explains the correlation between exercise, immune response, and ARI. The potential root causes of discrepancies come from research associated with the "open window" hypothesis. The studies have several limitations, and future improvements to address them are urgently needed in the study design, data collection, exercise intervention, subject recruitment, biomarkers for infection and inflammation, nutritional and metabolism status, and in addressing confounding variables. In conclusion, data support the clinical advantages of exercise have a regulatory contribution toward improving the immune response, which in turn potentially protects humans fromARI. However, the hypothesis related to its negative effect must be adopted cautiously.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denny Agustiningsih
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Tri Wibawa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shi C, Liang Z, Li T, Hao Q, Xiang H, Xie Q. Metabolome and microbiome analyses of the anti-fatigue mechanism of Acanthopanax senticosus leaves. Food Funct 2024; 15:3791-3809. [PMID: 38511300 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo05311c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Acanthopanax senticosus leaves, widely used as a vegetable and tea, are reported to be beneficial in treating neurological disorders. At present, their anti-fatigue effect remains to be established. In this study, we analyzed the composition of the extracts from A. senticosus leaves and confirmed their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties at the cellular level. In mice subjected to exhaustive running on a treadmill, supplementation with A. senticosus leaf extracts enhanced exercise performance and alleviated fatigue via the reversal of exercise-induced 5-HT elevation, metabolic waste accumulation, organ damage, and glucose metabolism-related gene expression. The collective findings from microbiome and metabolomic analyses indicate that A. senticosus leaf extracts increase α-diversity, regulate microbial composition, and reverse exercise-mediated disruption of carbohydrate, creatine, amino acid, and trimethylamine metabolism. This study provides preliminary evidence for the utility of A. senticosus leaves as a promising anti-fatigue food and offers insights into the underlying mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Shi
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China.
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Zehua Liang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China.
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Ting Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China.
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Qi Hao
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China.
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Hongyu Xiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China.
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
- Institute of Changbai Mountain Resource and Health, Jilin University, Fusong 134504, P.R. China
| | - Qiuhong Xie
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China.
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
- Institute of Changbai Mountain Resource and Health, Jilin University, Fusong 134504, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li Y, Bing R, Liu M, Shang Z, Huang Y, Zhou K, Bao D, Zhou J. Can molecular hydrogen supplementation reduce exercise-induced oxidative stress in healthy adults? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1328705. [PMID: 38590828 PMCID: PMC10999621 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1328705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Exercise-induced oxidative stress affects multiple neurophysiological processes, diminishing the exercise performance. Hydrogen (H2) can selectively reduce excessive free radicals, but studies observed its "dual effects" on exercise-induced oxidative stress, that is, increasing or decreasing the oxidative stress. Therefore, we here conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantitatively assess the influence of H2 on exercise-induced oxidative stress in healthy adults. Methods We conducted a systematic review of publications across five databases. The following keywords were used for search strategy: ["hydrogen"[Mesh] or "molecular hydrogen" or "hydrogen rich water" or "hydrogen-rich water" or "hydrogen rich saline"] and ["Oxidative Stress"[Mesh] or "Antioxidative Stress" or "Oxidative Damage" or "Oxidative Injury" or "Oxidative Cleavage"] and ["randomized controlled trial"[Mesh] or "randomized" or "RCT"]. We included trials reporting the effects of H2 on exercise-induced oxidative stress and potential antioxidant capacity post-exercise in healthy adults. Additionally, subgroup analyses were conducted to explore how various elements of the intervention design affected those outcomes. Results Six studies, encompassing seven experiments with a total of 76 participants, were included in our analysis. Among these studies, hydrogen-rich water, hydrogen bathing, and hydrogen-rich gas were three forms used in H2 administration. The H2 was applied in different timing, including before, during, or after exercise only, both before and after exercise, and repeatedly over days. Single-dose, multi-dose within 1 day and/or multiple-dose over days were implemented. It was observed that compared to placebo, the effects of H2 on oxidative stress (diacron-reactive oxygen metabolites, d-ROMs) was not significant (SMD = -0.01, 95%CI-0.42 to 0.39, p = 0.94). However, H2 induced greater improvement in antioxidant potential capacity (Biological Antioxidant Potential, BAP) (SMD = 0.29, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.54, p = 0.03) as compared to placebo. Subgroup analyses revealed that H2 supplementation showed greater improvement (SMD = 0.52, 95%CI 0.16 to 0.87, p = 0.02) in the antioxidant potential capacity of intermittent exercises than continuous exercise. Conclusion H2 supplementation can help enhance antioxidant potential capacity in healthy adults, especially in intermittent exercise, but not directly diminish the levels of exercise-induced oxidative stress. Future studies with more rigorous design are needed to examine and confirm these findings. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=364123, Identifier CRD42022364123.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Li
- College of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Renjie Bing
- College of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Liu
- College of Sports Coaching, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhangyuting Shang
- College of Physical Education and Health Management, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Shichahai Sports School, Beijing, China
| | - Kaixiang Zhou
- College of Physical Education and Health Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dapeng Bao
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Junhong Zhou
- Hebrew SeniorLife Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lu TL, He CS, Suzuki K, Lu CC, Wang CY, Fang SH. Concurrent Ingestion of Alkaline Water and L-Glutamine Enhanced Salivary α-Amylase Activity and Testosterone Concentration in Boxing Athletes. Nutrients 2024; 16:454. [PMID: 38337738 PMCID: PMC10857026 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Athletes often take sport supplements to reduce fatigue and immune disturbances during or after training. This study evaluated the acute effects of concurrent ingestion of alkaline water and L-glutamine on the salivary immunity and hormone responses of boxers after training. Twelve male boxing athletes were recruited in this study. During regular training, the participants were randomly divided into three groups and asked to consume 400 mL of alkaline water (Group A), 0.15 g/kg body weight of L-glutamine with 400 mL of water (Group G), and 0.15 g/kg of L-glutamine with 400 mL of alkaline water (Group A+G) at the same time each day for three consecutive weeks. Before and immediately after the training, saliva, heart rates, and the rate of perceived exertion were investigated. The activity of α-amylase and concentrations of lactoferrin, immunoglobulin A (IgA), testosterone, and cortisol in saliva were measured. The results showed that the ratio of α-amylase activity/total protein (TP) significantly increased after training in Group A+G but not in Group A or G, whereas the ratios of lactoferrin/TP and IgA/TP were unaffected in all three groups. The concentrations of salivary testosterone after training increased significantly in Group A+G but not in Group A or G, whereas the salivary cortisol concentrations were unaltered in all groups. In conclusion, concurrent ingestion of 400 mL of alkaline water and 0.15 g/kg of L-glutamine before training enhanced the salivary α-amylase activity and testosterone concentration of boxers, which would be beneficial for post-exercise recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tung-Lin Lu
- Institute of Athletics, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung 404401, Taiwan; (T.-L.L.); (C.-C.L.)
| | - Cheng-Shiun He
- Department of Athletic Sports, National Chung Cheng University, Minxiong 621301, Taiwan;
| | - Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan;
| | - Chi-Cheng Lu
- Institute of Athletics, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung 404401, Taiwan; (T.-L.L.); (C.-C.L.)
| | - Chung-Yuan Wang
- Department of Combat Sports, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung 404401, Taiwan;
| | - Shih-Hua Fang
- Institute of Athletics, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung 404401, Taiwan; (T.-L.L.); (C.-C.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ruhee RT, Suzuki K. The Immunomodulatory Effects of Sulforaphane in Exercise-Induced Inflammation and Oxidative Stress: A Prospective Nutraceutical. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1790. [PMID: 38339067 PMCID: PMC10855658 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN) is a promising molecule for developing phytopharmaceuticals due to its potential antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. A plethora of research conducted in vivo and in vitro reported the beneficial effects of SFN intervention and the underlying cellular mechanisms. Since SFN is a newly identified nutraceutical in sports nutrition, only some human studies have been conducted to reflect the effects of SFN intervention in exercise-induced inflammation and oxidative stress. In this review, we briefly discussed the effects of SFN on exercise-induced inflammation and oxidative stress. We discussed human and animal studies that are related to exercise intervention and mentioned the underlying cellular signaling mechanisms. Since SFN could be used as a potential therapeutic agent, we mentioned briefly its synergistic attributes with other potential nutraceuticals that are associated with acute and chronic inflammatory conditions. Given its health-promoting effects, SFN could be a prospective nutraceutical at the forefront of sports nutrition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruheea Taskin Ruhee
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Sciences, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Peña N, Amézaga J, Marrugat G, Landaluce A, Viar T, Arce J, Larruskain J, Lekue J, Ferreri C, Ordovás JM, Tueros I. Competitive season effects on polyunsaturated fatty acid content in erythrocyte membranes of female football players. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2023; 20:2245386. [PMID: 37605439 PMCID: PMC10446798 DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2023.2245386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An optimal and correctly balanced metabolic status is essential to improve sports performance in athletes. Recent advances in omic tools, such as the lipid profile of the mature erythrocyte membranes (LPMEM), allow to have a comprehensive vision of the nutritional and metabolic status of these individuals to provide personalized recommendations for nutrients, specifically, the essential omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, individuating deficiencies/unbalances that can arise from both habitual diet and sportive activity. This work aimed to study the LPMEM in professional female football players during the football season for the first time and compare it with those defined as optimal values for the general population and a control group. METHODS An observational study was carried out on female football players from the Athletic Club (Bilbao) playing in the first division of the Spanish league. Blood samples were collected at three points: at the beginning, mid-season, and end of the season for three consecutive seasons (2019-2020, 2020-2021, and 2021-2022), providing a total of 160 samples from 40 women. The LPMEM analysis was obtained by GC-FID by published method and correlated to other individual data, such as blood biochemical parameters, body composition, and age. RESULTS We observed a significant increase in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (p 0.048) and total polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) (p 0.021) in the first season. In the second season, we observed a buildup in the membrane arachidonic acid (AA) (p < .001) and PUFA (p < .001) contents when high training accumulated. In comparison with the benchmark of average population values, 69% of the football players showed lower levels of omega-6 dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA), whereas 88%, 44%, and 81% of the participants showed increased values of AA, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and the ratio of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids (SFA/MUFA), respectively. Regarding relationships between blood biochemical parameters, body composition, and age with LPMEM, we observed some mild negative correlations, such as AA and SFA/MUFA ratio with vitamin D levels (coefficient = -0.34 p = .0019 and coefficient = -.25 p = .042); DGLA with urea and cortisol (coefficient = -0.27 p < .006 and coefficient = .28 p < .0028) and AA with age (coefficient = -0.33 p < .001). CONCLUSION In conclusion, relevant variations in several fatty acids of the membrane fatty acid profile of elite female football players were observed during the competitive season and, in comparison with the general population, increased PUFA contents were confirmed, as reported in other sportive activities, together with the new aspect of DGLA diminution, an omega-6 involved in immune and anti-inflammatory responses. Our results highlight membrane lipidomics as a tool to ascertain the molecular profile of elite female football players with a potential application for future personalized nutritional strategies (diet and supplementation) to address unbalances created during the competitive season.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nere Peña
- Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA). Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, AZTI, Food Research, Derio, Spain
| | - Javier Amézaga
- Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA). Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, AZTI, Food Research, Derio, Spain
| | - Gerard Marrugat
- Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA). Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, AZTI, Food Research, Derio, Spain
| | | | | | - Julen Arce
- Athletic Club, Medical Services, Lezama, Spain
| | | | | | - Carla Ferreri
- Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Sintesi Organica E la Fotoreattività, Bologna, Italy
| | - José María Ordovás
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, JM-USDA-HNRCA at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Consortium CIBERObn, Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Itziar Tueros
- Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA). Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, AZTI, Food Research, Derio, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nobari H, Cholewa JM, Suzuki K. Editorial: Sports immunometabolism, training load, and nutrition: effects on sports performance and psychological behavior of athletes. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1253502. [PMID: 37876837 PMCID: PMC10593466 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1253502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Nobari
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Jason M. Cholewa
- Department of Exercise Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Lynchburg, Lynchburg, VA, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Malsagova KA, Astrelina TA, Balakin EI, Kobzeva IV, Adoeva EY, Yurku KA, Suchkova YB, Stepanov AA, Izotov AA, Butkova TV, Kaysheva AL, Pustovoyt VI. Influence of Sports Training in Foothills on the Professional Athlete's Immunity. Sports (Basel) 2023; 11:sports11020030. [PMID: 36828315 PMCID: PMC9959015 DOI: 10.3390/sports11020030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroplasticity and inflammation play important part in the body's adaptive reactions in response to prolonged physical activity. These processes are associated with the cross-interaction of the nervous and immune systems, which is realized through the transmission of signals from neurotransmitters and cytokines. Using the methods of flow cytometry and advanced biochemical analysis of blood humoral parameters, we showed that intense and prolonged physical activity at the anaerobic threshold, without nutritional and metabolic support, contributes to the development of exercise-induced immunosuppression in sportsmen. These athletes illustrate the following signs of a decreased immune status: fewer absolute indicators of the content of leukocytes, lowered values in the immunoregulatory index (CD4+/CD8+), and diminished indicators of humoral immunity (immunoglobulins A, M, and G, and IFN-γ). These factors characterize the functional state of cellular and humoral immunity and their reduction affects the prenosological risk criteria, indicative of the athletes' susceptibility to develop exercise-induced immunosuppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina A. Malsagova
- Biobanking Group, Branch of Institute of Biomedical Chemistry “Scientific and Education Center”, 109028 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(499)-764-98-78
| | - Tatiana A. Astrelina
- State Research Center—Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgenii I. Balakin
- State Research Center—Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina V. Kobzeva
- State Research Center—Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Ya. Adoeva
- S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, 194044 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Kseniya A. Yurku
- State Research Center—Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuliya B. Suchkova
- State Research Center—Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A. Stepanov
- Biobanking Group, Branch of Institute of Biomedical Chemistry “Scientific and Education Center”, 109028 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A. Izotov
- Biobanking Group, Branch of Institute of Biomedical Chemistry “Scientific and Education Center”, 109028 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatyana V. Butkova
- Biobanking Group, Branch of Institute of Biomedical Chemistry “Scientific and Education Center”, 109028 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna L. Kaysheva
- Biobanking Group, Branch of Institute of Biomedical Chemistry “Scientific and Education Center”, 109028 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasiliy I. Pustovoyt
- State Research Center—Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Suzuki K, Hekmatikar AHA, Jalalian S, Abbasi S, Ahmadi E, Kazemi A, Ruhee RT, Khoramipour K. The Potential of Exerkines in Women's COVID-19: A New Idea for a Better and More Accurate Understanding of the Mechanisms behind Physical Exercise. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192315645. [PMID: 36497720 PMCID: PMC9737724 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The benefits of physical exercise are well-known, but there are still many questions regarding COVID-19. Chow et al.'s 2022 study, titled Exerkines and Disease, showed that a special focus on exerkines can help to better understand the underlying mechanisms of physical exercise and disease. Exerkines are a group of promising molecules that may underlie the beneficial effects of physical exercise in diseases. The idea of exerkines is to understand the effects of physical exercise on diseases better. Exerkines have a high potential for the treatment of diseases and, considering that, there is still no study of the importance of exerkines on the most dangerous disease in the world in recent years, COVID-19. This raises the fundamental question of whether exerkines have the potential to manage COVID-19. Most of the studies focused on the general changes in physical exercise in patients with COVID-19, both during the illness and after discharge from the hospital, and did not investigate the basic differences. A unique look at the management of COVID-19 by exerkines, especially in obese and overweight women who experience high severity of COVID-19 and whose recovery period is long after discharge from the hospital, can help to understand the basic mechanisms. In this review, we explore the potential of exerkines in COVID-19 by practicing physical exercise to provide compelling practice recommendations with new insights.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan
| | - Amir Hossein Ahmadi Hekmatikar
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 10600, Iran
| | - Shadi Jalalian
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 10600, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Abbasi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran 10600, Iran
| | - Elmira Ahmadi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 10600, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Kazemi
- Department of Sports Science, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Vali-e-Asr University, Rafsanjan 7718897111, Iran
| | | | - Kayvan Khoramipour
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Department of Physiology, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616914115, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Exploring the Effects of Energy Constraints on Performance, Body Composition, Endocrinological/Hematological Biomarkers, and Immune System among Athletes: An Overview of the Fasting State. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153197. [PMID: 35956373 PMCID: PMC9370338 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ramadan fasting period (RFP) means abstaining from consuming food and/or beverages during certain hours of the day—from sunrise to sunset. Engaging in exercise and sports during the RFP leads to the lipolysis of adipose tissue and an increase in the breakdown of peripheral fat, leading to an increase in fat consumption. The effects of the RFP on functional, hematological, and metabolic parameters needs further study as existing studies have reported contradictory results. The differences in the results of various studies are due to the geographical characteristics of Muslim athletes, their specific diets, and their genetics, which explain these variations. In recent years, the attention of medical and sports researchers on the effects of the RFP and energy restrictions on bodily functions and athletic performance has increased significantly. Therefore, this brief article examines the effects of the RFP on the immune system, body composition, hematology, and the functionality of athletes during and after the RFP. We found that most sporting activities were performed during any time of the day without being affected by Ramadan fasting. Athletes were able to participate in their physical activities during fasting periods and saw few effects on their performance. Sleep and nutritional factors should be adjusted so that athletic performance is not impaired.
Collapse
|
13
|
A Practical Approach to Assessing Physical Freshness: Utility of a Simple Perceived Physical Freshness Status Scale. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19105836. [PMID: 35627372 PMCID: PMC9141079 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19105836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Monitoring physical freshness is essential in assessing athletes’ conditions during training periods, training sessions, or competitions. To date, no single physical freshness scale has been successfully validated against training load variables and widely used scales measuring different facets of physical freshness. Objective: In this study, we develop and test the practical utility of a perceived physical freshness (RPF) scale to monitor the condition of the athletes and to prevent excessive fatigue and insufficient recovery during training sessions or competitions. Methods: Sixteen professional male soccer players (mean ± SD age 26 ± 4 years) were enrolled. Training load (TL), monotony, strain, rate of perceived exertion (RPE), well-being indices (sleep, stress, fatigue, and muscle soreness), total quality recovery (TQR) and RPF were determined each day for two weeks of training, including a week intensified training (IW) and a week taper (TW). The validity of the RPF scale was assessed by measuring the level of agreement of a player’s perceived physical freshness relative to their TL variables, recovery state and well-being indices during each training phase (IW and TW) and during the overall training period (TP). Results: RPF increased during the TW compared to IW (ES = 2.31, p < 0.001, large). For the TP, IW and TW, weekly RPF was related to weekly TL (r = −0.81, r = −0.80, r = −0.69, respectively), well-being (r = −0.91, r = −0.82, r = −0.84, respectively) and TQR (r = 0.76, r = 0.91, r = 0.52, respectively), all p < 0.01. For the TP, IW and TW, daily RPF was related to TL (r = −0.75, r = −0.66, r = −0.70, respectively), well-being (r = −0.84, r = −0.81, r = −0.78, respectively) and TQR (r = 0.82, r = 0.81, r = 0.75, respectively), all p < 0.01. Conclusions: RPF was effective for evaluating the professional soccer players’ physical freshness and may be a strategy for coaches to monitor the physical, psycho-physiological, and psychometric state of the players before training session or matches.
Collapse
|
14
|
KENGER EB, EREN F, GÜNEŞ FE. Relationship between Nutritional Status, Anthropometric Measurements and Dietary Inflammatory Index in Professional Football Players. CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1066512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
15
|
Gálvez I, Navarro MC, Martín-Cordero L, Otero E, Hinchado MD, Ortega E. The Influence of Obesity and Weight Loss on the Bioregulation of Innate/Inflammatory Responses: Macrophages and Immunometabolism. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030612. [PMID: 35276970 PMCID: PMC8840693 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by low-grade inflammation and more susceptibility to infection, particularly viral infections, as clearly demonstrated in COVID-19. In this context, immunometabolism and metabolic flexibility of macrophages play an important role. Since inflammation is an inherent part of the innate response, strategies for decreasing the inflammatory response must avoid immunocompromise the innate defenses against pathogen challenges. The concept “bioregulation of inflammatory/innate responses” was coined in the context of the effects of exercise on these responses, implying a reduction in excessive inflammatory response, together with the preservation or stimulation of the innate response, with good transitions between pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophages adapted to each individual’s inflammatory set-point in inflammatory diseases, particularly in obesity. The question now is whether these responses can be obtained in the context of weight loss by dietary interventions (low-fat diet or abandonment of the high-fat diet) in the absence of exercise, which can be especially relevant for obese individuals with difficulties exercising such as those suffering from persistent COVID-19. Results from recent studies are controversial and do not point to a clear anti-inflammatory effect of these dietary interventions, particularly in the adipose tissue. Further research focusing on the innate response is also necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Gálvez
- Immunophyisiology Research Group, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), 06071 Badajoz, Spain; (I.G.); (M.C.N.); (L.M.-C.); (E.O.); (M.D.H.)
- Immunophysiology Research Group, Nursing Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - María Carmen Navarro
- Immunophyisiology Research Group, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), 06071 Badajoz, Spain; (I.G.); (M.C.N.); (L.M.-C.); (E.O.); (M.D.H.)
- Immunophysiology Research Group, Physiology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Leticia Martín-Cordero
- Immunophyisiology Research Group, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), 06071 Badajoz, Spain; (I.G.); (M.C.N.); (L.M.-C.); (E.O.); (M.D.H.)
- Immunophysiology Research Group, Nursing Department, University Center of Plasencia, University of Extremadura, 10600 Plasencia, Spain
| | - Eduardo Otero
- Immunophyisiology Research Group, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), 06071 Badajoz, Spain; (I.G.); (M.C.N.); (L.M.-C.); (E.O.); (M.D.H.)
- Immunophysiology Research Group, Physiology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - María Dolores Hinchado
- Immunophyisiology Research Group, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), 06071 Badajoz, Spain; (I.G.); (M.C.N.); (L.M.-C.); (E.O.); (M.D.H.)
- Immunophysiology Research Group, Physiology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Eduardo Ortega
- Immunophyisiology Research Group, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), 06071 Badajoz, Spain; (I.G.); (M.C.N.); (L.M.-C.); (E.O.); (M.D.H.)
- Immunophysiology Research Group, Physiology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-924-289-300
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Dietary Supplementation for Attenuating Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage and Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness in Humans. Nutrients 2021; 14:nu14010070. [PMID: 35010943 PMCID: PMC8746365 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary supplements are widely used as a nutritional strategy to improve and maintain performance and achieve faster recovery in sports and exercise. Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) is caused by mechanical stress and subsequent inflammatory responses including reactive oxygen species and cytokine production. Therefore, dietary supplements with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties have the potential to prevent and reduce muscle damage and symptoms characterized by loss of muscle strength and delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS). However, only a few supplements are considered to be effective at present. This review focuses on the effects of dietary supplements derived from phytochemicals and listed in the International Olympic Committee consensus statement on muscle damage evaluated by blood myofiber damage markers, muscle soreness, performance, and inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. In this review, the effects of dietary supplements are also discussed in terms of study design (i.e., parallel and crossover studies), exercise model, and such subject characteristics as physical fitness level. Future perspectives and considerations for the use of dietary supplements to alleviate EIMD and DOMS are also discussed.
Collapse
|