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Chun S, Kim MJ, Shin PK, Park SJ, Yang HJ, Kim JH, Lee KH, Hong M, Kwon DY, Friso S, Lee HJ, Kim MS, Choi SW. Traditional Korean diet high in one-carbon nutrients increases global DNA methylation: implication for epigenetic diet. Eur J Nutr 2024:10.1007/s00394-024-03442-7. [PMID: 38867083 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03442-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE DNA methylation is a major epigenetic phenomenon through which diet affects health and disease. This study aimed to determine the epigenetic influence of the traditional Korean diet (K-diet) on global DNA methylation via one-carbon metabolism. METHODS A crossover study was conducted on 52 women. Two diets, a K-diet, high in plant foods and low in calories and animal fat, and a control diet, similar to the diet currently consumed in Korea, were provided to all subjects alternately for 4 weeks with a 4-week washout period. Clinical parameters were measured before and after each dietary intervention. Nutrient intake was calculated by using a computer-aided nutritional analysis program. One-carbon metabolites in the serum and global DNA methylation in peripheral mononuclear cells were determined using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS The K-diet group consumed more folate (669.9 ± 6.7 µg vs. 502.7 ± 3.0, p < 0.001), B6, B12, serine, and choline, and less methionine (992.6 ± 63 vs. 1048.3 mg ± 34.1, p < 0.0001) than the control group did. In the K-diet group, the increment of plasma 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (0.08 µg/mL ± 0.11 vs 0.02 ± 0.10, p < 0.009) and decrement of L-homocysteine (- 70.7 ± 85.0 vs - 39.3 ± 69.4, p < 0.0168) were greater than those of the control group. Global DNA methylation was significantly increased in the K-diet group (6.70 ± 3.02% to 9.45 ± 3.69, p < 0.0001) but not in the control group. CONCLUSIONS A K-diet high in one-carbon nutrients can enhance the global DNA methylation status, suggesting an epigenetic mechanism by which the K-diet conveys health effects. Trial registration Korean Clinical Trial Registry (trial number: KCT0005340, 24/08/2020, retrospectively registered).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukyung Chun
- Department of Gastroenterology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, 13496, South Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Research Group of Personalized Diet, Korea Food Research Institute, 245 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, South Korea
| | - Phil-Kyung Shin
- CHA Bio Complex, CHA University, Seongnam, 13488, South Korea
| | - Seon-Joo Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120, South Korea
- Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120, South Korea
| | - Hye Jeong Yang
- Research Group of Personalized Diet, Korea Food Research Institute, 245 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, South Korea
| | - Jin Hee Kim
- Research Group of Personalized Diet, Korea Food Research Institute, 245 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, South Korea
| | - Kyun-Hee Lee
- Research Group of Personalized Diet, Korea Food Research Institute, 245 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, South Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Wanju, 55365, South Korea
| | - Moonju Hong
- Research Group of Personalized Diet, Korea Food Research Institute, 245 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, South Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Wanju, 55365, South Korea
| | - Dae Young Kwon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hoseo University, Asan, 31499, South Korea
| | - Simonetta Friso
- Unit of Internal Medicine B and 'Epigenomics and Gene-Nutrient Interactions' Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Verona School of Medicine, Policlinico "G.B. Rossi," P. le L.A. Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Hae-Jeung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120, South Korea
- Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120, South Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, South Korea
| | - Myung-Sunny Kim
- Research Group of Personalized Diet, Korea Food Research Institute, 245 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, South Korea.
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Wanju, 55365, South Korea.
| | - Sang-Woon Choi
- Chaum Life Center, CHA University School of Medicine, 442 Dosan-daero, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06062, South Korea.
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
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Xing X, Sun Q, Wang R, Wang Y, Wang R. Impacts of glutamate, an exercise-responsive metabolite on insulin signaling. Life Sci 2024; 341:122471. [PMID: 38301875 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Disruption of the insulin signaling pathway leads to insulin resistance (IR). IR is characterized by impaired glucose and lipid metabolism. Elevated levels of circulating glutamate are correlated with metabolic indicators and may potentially predict the onset of metabolic diseases. Glutamate receptor antagonists have significantly enhanced insulin sensitivity, and improved glucose and lipid metabolism. Exercise is a well-known strategy to combat IR. The aims of our narrative review are to summarize preclinical and clinical findings to show the correlations between circulating glutamate levels, IR and metabolic diseases, discuss the causal role of excessive glutamate in IR and metabolic disturbance, and present an overview of the exercise-induced alteration in circulating glutamate levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search was conducted to identify studies on glutamate, insulin signaling, and exercise in the PubMed database. The search covered articles published from December 1955 to January 2024, using the search terms of "glutamate", "glutamic acid", "insulin signaling", "insulin resistance", "insulin sensitivity", "exercise", and "physical activity". KEY FINDINGS Elevated levels of circulating glutamate are correlated with IR. Excessive glutamate can potentially hinder the insulin signaling pathway through various mechanisms, including the activation of ectopic lipid accumulation, inflammation, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Glutamate can also modify mitochondrial function through Ca2+ and induce purine degradation mediated by AMP deaminase 2. Exercise has the potential to decrease circulating levels of glutamate, which can be attributed to accelerated glutamate catabolism and enhanced glutamate uptake. SIGNIFICANCE Glutamate may act as a mediator in the exercise-induced improvement of insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Xing
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Qin Sun
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ruwen Wang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yibing Wang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Ru Wang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
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Laamanen SE, Eloranta AM, Haapala EA, Sallinen T, Schwab U, Lakka TA. Associations of diet quality and food consumption with serum biomarkers for lipid and amino acid metabolism in Finnish children: the PANIC study. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:623-637. [PMID: 38127151 PMCID: PMC10899368 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03293-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the associations of overall diet quality and dietary factors with serum biomarkers for lipid and amino acid metabolism in a general population of children. METHODS We studied 194 girls and 209 boys aged 6-8 years participating in the Physical Activity and Nutrition in Children study. Food consumption was assessed by 4-day food records and diet quality was quantified by the Finnish Children Healthy Eating Index (FCHEI). Fasting serum fatty acids, amino acids, apolipoproteins, as well as lipoprotein particle sizes were analyzed with high-throughput nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Data were analyzed using linear regression adjusted for age, sex, and body fat percentage. RESULTS FCHEI was directly associated with the ratio of polyunsaturated (PUFA) to saturated fatty acids (SFA) (PUFA/SFA), the ratio of PUFA to monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) (PUFA/MUFA), the ratio of PUFA to total fatty acids (FA) (PUFA%), the ratio of omega-3-fatty acids to total FA (omega-3 FA%), and inversely associated with the ratio of MUFA to total FA (MUFA%), alanine, glycine, histidine and very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL) particle size. Consumption of vegetable oils and vegetable-oil-based margarine (≥ 60% fat) was directly associated with PUFA/SFA, PUFA/MUFA, PUFA%, the ratio of omega-6 FA to total FA (omega-6 FA%), and inversely associated with SFA, MUFA, SFA to total FA (SFA%), MUFA%, alanine and VLDL particle size. Consumption of high-fiber grain products directly associated with PUFA/SFA, PUFA/MUFA, omega-3 FA%, omega-6 FA%, PUFA% and inversely associated with SFA and SFA%. Fish consumption directly related to omega-3 FA and omega-3 FA%. Consumption of sugary products was directly associated with histidine and VLDL particle size. Vegetable, fruit, and berry consumption had direct associations with VLDL particle size and the ratio of apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein A1. Consumption of low fat (< 1%) milk was directly associated with phenylalanine. A higher consumption of high-fat (≥ 1%) milk was associated with lower serum MUFA/SFA and higher SFA%. Sausage consumption was directly related to SFA% and histidine. Red meat consumption was inversely associated with glycine. CONCLUSIONS Better diet quality, higher in intake of dietary sources of unsaturated fat and fiber, and lower in sugary product intake were associated with more favorable levels of serum biomarkers for lipid and amino acid metabolism independent of adiposity. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01803776, registered March 3, 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvi E Laamanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Aino-Maija Eloranta
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Eero A Haapala
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Taisa Sallinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ursula Schwab
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Timo A Lakka
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
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Park S. Association of a High Healthy Eating Index Diet with Long-Term Visceral Fat Loss in a Large Longitudinal Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:534. [PMID: 38398858 PMCID: PMC10892686 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the association of a sustainable diet with a long-term reduction in waist circumference (WC) while identifying novel biomarkers for WC reduction (WCR). The participants were recruited initially during 2004-2013 in a large hospital-based cohort, and the follow-up measurements were conducted during 2012-2016. The 65,611 adults aged 45-75 were categorized into WC-loss (n = 22,290) and WC-gain (n = 43,321). Each study investigated demographic, anthropometric, biochemical, genetic, and dietary factors. The modified Healthy Eating Index (MHEI), dietary patterns, and glycemic index were calculated from a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Novel biomarkers influencing WC reduction were identified using machine learning approaches. A WCR was inversely associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk and its components. Daily energy intake did not differ between those with and without WCR. However, MHEI, which represents diet quality, demonstrated a positive association with WCR. Among various dietary patterns, the Asian-style balanced diet (ABD), including more fermented soybeans and less restricted salt than the Diet Approach to Stop Hypertension, was positively associated with WCR. However, an inverse association was observed between the diet that was high in noodle and processed meat consumption and that which was high in rice consumption. However, the PRS for abdominal obesity did not significantly interrupt WCR. The receiver operating characteristic curve in the prediction model for WCR was about 0.86. The biomarkers in the models included MetS components, inflammation index, diet components, alcohol consumption, and smoking status, but not genetic factors. In conclusion, adopting a high-quality diet with a high MHEI like ABD leads to WCR, irrespective of genetic influences. These results could be applied to develop effective strategies for preventing and managing abdominal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunmin Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan-Si 31499, Republic of Korea
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Ratautė K, Ratautas D. A Review from a Clinical Perspective: Recent Advances in Biosensors for the Detection of L-Amino Acids. BIOSENSORS 2023; 14:5. [PMID: 38248382 PMCID: PMC10813600 DOI: 10.3390/bios14010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The field of biosensors is filled with reports and designs of various sensors, with the vast majority focusing on glucose sensing. However, in addition to glucose, there are many other important analytes that are worth investigating as well. In particular, L-amino acids appear as important diagnostic markers for a number of conditions. However, the progress in L-amino acid detection and the development of biosensors for L-amino acids are still somewhat insufficient. In recent years, the need to determine L-amino acids from clinical samples has risen. More clinical data appear to demonstrate that abnormal concentrations of L-amino acids are related to various clinical conditions such as inherited metabolic disorders, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, muscle damage, etc. However, to this day, the diagnostic potential of L-amino acids is not yet fully established. Most likely, this is because of the difficulties in measuring L-amino acids, especially in human blood. In this review article, we extensively investigate the 'overlooked' L-amino acids. We review typical levels of amino acids present in human blood and broadly survey the importance of L-amino acids in most common conditions which can be monitored or diagnosed from changes in L-amino acids present in human blood. We also provide an overview of recent biosensors for L-amino acid monitoring and their advantages and disadvantages, with some other alternative methods for L-amino acid quantification, and finally we outline future perspectives related to the development of biosensing devices for L-amino acid monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Ratautė
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio Str. 21, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Dalius Ratautas
- Life Science Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
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Jia X, Chen Q, Wu H, Liu H, Jing C, Gong A, Zhang Y. Exploring a novel therapeutic strategy: the interplay between gut microbiota and high-fat diet in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1291853. [PMID: 38192650 PMCID: PMC10773723 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1291853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
In the past two decades, the rapid increase in the incidence of metabolic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hypertension, and hyperuricemia, has been attributed to high-fat diets (HFD) and decreased physical activity levels. Although the phenotypes and pathologies of these metabolic diseases vary, patients with these diseases exhibit disease-specific alterations in the composition and function of their gut microbiota. Studies in germ-free mice have shown that both HFD and gut microbiota can promote the development of metabolic diseases, and HFD can disrupt the balance of gut microbiota. Therefore, investigating the interaction between gut microbiota and HFD in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases is crucial for identifying novel therapeutic strategies for these diseases. This review takes HFD as the starting point, providing a detailed analysis of the pivotal role of HFD in the development of metabolic disorders. It comprehensively elucidates the impact of HFD on the balance of intestinal microbiota, analyzes the mechanisms underlying gut microbiota dysbiosis leading to metabolic disruptions, and explores the associated genetic factors. Finally, the potential of targeting the gut microbiota as a means to address metabolic disturbances induced by HFD is discussed. In summary, this review offers theoretical support and proposes new research avenues for investigating the role of nutrition-related factors in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders in the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Jia
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Qiliang Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huiwen Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Chunying Jing
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Aimin Gong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- The Affiliated TCM Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Kim S, Jeon HK, Lee G, Kim Y, Yoo HY. Associations between the Genetic Heritability of Dyslipidemia and Dietary Patterns in Korean Adults Based on Sex Differences. Nutrients 2023; 15:4385. [PMID: 37892463 PMCID: PMC10609770 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia can be defined as an abnormality in serum lipid levels that is substantially linked to genetic variations and lifestyle factors, such as diet patterns, and has distinct sex-specific characteristics. We aimed to elucidate the genetic impact of dyslipidemia according to sex and explore the associations between genetic variants and dietary patterns in large-scale population-based cohorts. After performing genome-wide association studies (GWASs) in male, female, and entire cohorts, significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in the three groups, and genetic risk scores (GRSs) were calculated by summing the risk alleles from the selected SNPs. After adjusting for confounding variables, the risk of dyslipidemia was 2.013-fold and 2.535-fold higher in the 3rd quartile GRS group in the male and female cohorts, respectively, than in the 1st quartile GRS group. While instant noodle and soft drink intake were significantly associated with GRS related to hyperlipidemia in male cohorts, coffee consumption was substantially related to GRS related to hyperlipidemia in female cohorts. Considering the influence of genetic factors and dietary patterns, the findings of this study suggest the potential for implementing sex-specific strategic interventions to avoid dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sei Kim
- Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea; (S.K.); (G.L.); (Y.K.)
| | - Hye Kyung Jeon
- Department of Nursing, Ansan University, Ansan 15328, Republic of Korea;
| | - Gyeonghee Lee
- Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea; (S.K.); (G.L.); (Y.K.)
| | - Youbin Kim
- Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea; (S.K.); (G.L.); (Y.K.)
| | - Hae Young Yoo
- Department of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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Park S, Liu M. A Positive Causal Relationship between Noodle Intake and Metabolic Syndrome: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:2091. [PMCID: PMC10181479 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The controversy over the link between noodle consumption and metabolic syndrome (MetS) persists. Using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach, we aimed to examine the potential causal relationship between noodle consumption and the risk of MetS and its components in adult populations of city hospital-based (n = 58,701) and Ansan/Ansung plus rural (AAR; n = 13,598) cohorts. The instrumental variables were assigned with genetic variants associated with low- and high-noodle intake (cutoff: 130 g/day) by a genome-wide association study (GWAS) with p < 5 × 10−5 and linkage disequilibrium (r2 = 0.001), following adjustment for covariates related to MetS, in the city cohort. MR-Egger, inverse-variance weighted (IVW), and weighted median were applied to investigate the causal association of noodle intake with MetS risk in the AAR. The quality of the MR results was checked with leave-one-out sensitivity and heterogeneity analyses. A higher energy intake with lower carbohydrates and higher fats, proteins, and higher sodium and a lower intake of calcium, vitamin D, vitamin C, and flavonoids were shown in the high-noodle group, indicating poor diet quality. The glycemic index and glycemic load of daily meals were much higher in the high-noodle intake group than in the low-noodle intake group. In the observational studies, not only the total noodle intake but also the different types of noodle intake were also positively associated with MetS risk. In the MR analysis, high-noodle intake elevated MetS, hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and abdominal obesity in an IVW model (p < 0.05) but not the MR-Egger model. No single genetic variant among the instrumental variables changed their relationship in the leave-one-out sensitivity analysis. No likelihood of horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity was exhibited in the association between noodle intake and MetS. In conclusion, noddle intake had a positive causal association with MetS and its components in Asian adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunmin Park
- Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Department of Food and Nutrition, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Republic of Korea;
| | - Meiling Liu
- Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Department of Food and Nutrition, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Republic of Korea;
- Shanxi Institute of Science and Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Jincheng 048011, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to detail the current global research state of metabolically healthy obesogenesis with regard to metabolic factors, disease prevalence, comparisons to unhealthy obesity, and targeted interventions to reverse or delay progression from metabolically healthy to unhealthy obesity. RECENT FINDINGS As a long-term condition with increased risk of cardiovascular, metabolic, and all-cause mortality risks, obesity threatens public health on a national level. The recent discovery of metabolically healthy obesity (MHO), a transitional condition during which obese persons carry comparatively lower health risks, has added to confusion about the true effect of visceral fat and subsequent long-term health risks. In this context, the evaluation of fat loss interventions, such as bariatric surgery, lifestyle changes (diet/exercise), and hormonal therapies require re-evaluation in light of evidence that progression to high-risk stages of obesity relies on metabolic status and that strategies to protect the metabolism may be useful in the prevention of metabolically unhealthy obesity. Typical calorie-based exercise and diet interventions have failed to reduce the prevalence of unhealthy obesity. Holistic lifestyle, psychological, hormonal, and pharmacological interventions for MHO, on the other hand, may at least prevent progression to metabolically unhealthy obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan J Mathis
- International Medical Center, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8576, Japan.
| | - Kiyoji Tanaka
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yuji Hiramatsu
- International Medical Center, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8576, Japan
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Oh S, Lee J, Chun S, Choi JE, Kim MN, Chon YE, Ha Y, Hwang SG, Choi SW, Hong KW. Interaction between the PNPLA3 Gene and Nutritional Factors on NAFLD Development: The Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010152. [PMID: 36615809 PMCID: PMC9824262 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic and nutritional factors contribute to the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, gene-diet interactions in NAFLD development are poorly understood. In this case-control study, a large dataset from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study cohort (n = 72,299) comprising genomic data, medical records, social history, and dietary data was used. We investigated the interactions between the PNPLA3 rs738409 genotype and nutritional factors and their possible effect on the risk of NAFLD development in 2950 patients with NAFLD and 12,907 controls. In the PNPLA3 risk allele group, high protein, fat, sodium, phosphorus, niacin, and vitamin B6 intakes were associated with a decreased risk of NAFLD. In the non-risk allele group, only high fat intake was associated with a decreased risk of NAFLD. Among these nutrients, high sodium intake had a significant protective interaction with the PNPLA3 genotype against NAFLD (p = 0.002). Among salty foods, only kimchi had a significant protective effect against the PNPLA3 genotype (p = 0.012). Thus, the PNPLA3 genotype is differentially associated with nutritional factors. In particular, it interacts with kimchi, a fermented vegetable dish. Therefore, fermented vegetables may serve as a tailored therapeutic food for people with the PNPLA3 risk allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooyeon Oh
- Chaum Life Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul 06062, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooho Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (K.-W.H.); Tel.: +82-31-780-1811 (J.L.); +82-10-3922-7089 (K.-W.H.); Fax: +82-31-780-1812 (J.L.); +82-31-888-9440 (K.-W.H.)
| | - Sukyung Chun
- Department of Gastroenterology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja-Eun Choi
- Healthcare R&D Division, Theragen Bio Co., Ltd., Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Na Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Eun Chon
- Department of Gastroenterology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonjung Ha
- Department of Gastroenterology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Gyu Hwang
- Department of Gastroenterology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Woon Choi
- Chaum Life Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul 06062, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Won Hong
- Healthcare R&D Division, Theragen Bio Co., Ltd., Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (K.-W.H.); Tel.: +82-31-780-1811 (J.L.); +82-10-3922-7089 (K.-W.H.); Fax: +82-31-780-1812 (J.L.); +82-31-888-9440 (K.-W.H.)
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11
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Kim MJ, Hur HJ, Jang DJ, Kim MS, Park S, Yang HJ. Inverse association of a traditional Korean diet composed of a multigrain rice-containing meal with fruits and nuts with metabolic syndrome risk: The KoGES. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1051637. [PMID: 36438748 PMCID: PMC9684706 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1051637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hansik, a traditional Korean diet, may have a beneficial impact on metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk as dietary westernization increases its prevalence. We examined the hypothesis that adherence to the hansik diet may be inversely associated with the risk of MetS and its components and sought to understand the gender differences in 58,701 men and women aged over 40. Materials and methods Hansik was defined using 14 components from which the Korean dietary pattern index (Kdiet-index) was generated by summing their scores. Low-hansik intake was defined as the Kdiet-index with <8. MetS was categorized based on the 2005 revised NCEP-ATP III criteria modified for Asians. Results The Kdiet-index score was negatively associated with the dietary inflammation index and showed that the high intake of a meal with multigrain rice, fruits, and their products, and nuts, and low intake of fried foods were inversely associated with MetS by 0.707, 0.864, 0.769, and 0.918 times, respectively, after adjusting for covariates. More women and participants with more educated and lower income belonged to the high-hansik group, and participants with high self-rated health scores consumed more hansik. All participants on a high-hansik diet were associated with a 0.87 time lower risk of MetS. Specifically, the association between hansik intake and MetS risk was not significant among men following stratification by gender. Body composition, including the body mass index, waist circumference, and fat mass, was inversely associated with hansik intake, while the skeletal muscle mass index was positively associated with the hansik intake in each gender and all participants. In all the participants in the high-hansik group, no significant changes were seen in the serum glucose and HDL concentration. However, a high-hansik intake showed lower blood pressure and serum LDL and triglyceride concentrations only in men and a higher glomerular filtration rate in both genders. Conclusions Hansik intake might improve MetS risk, with its primary beneficial effects on body composition, dyslipidemia, and blood pressure gender-dependently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jung Kim
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Haeng Jeon Hur
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Dai Ja Jang
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Myung-Sunny Kim
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam-si, South Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Sunmin Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan-si, South Korea
- R&D, Yejunbio, Asan-si, South Korea
- Sunmin Park
| | - Hye Jeong Yang
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam-si, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Hye Jeong Yang
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12
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Wu J, Wu Y, Feng W, Chen Q, Wang D, Liu M, Yu H, Zhang Y, Wang T. Role of Microbial Metabolites of Histidine in the Development of Colitis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2101175. [PMID: 35585003 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202101175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Colitis is a chronic relapsing inflammatory disease of colon. Clinical studies show that meat-rich diet plays a critical role in the relapse of colitis. However, it is unclear whether the microbial metabolites of histidine, which is an amino acid widely found in meat, have an impact on the health of the intestine. METHODS AND RESULTS Six metabolites of histidine are given to IEC-6 cells. The cell activity measurement shows that imidazole propionate (IMP) is the most detrimental metabolite. Then, IMP is injected to mice by rectal administration, with blood and colon tissues collected for the measurement of colitis related parameters. The results show that treatment with IMP significantly increased NF-κB, iNOS, and IL-6, decreased number of goblet cell, and inhibited expressions of miR-146b. However, overexpression of miR-146b in mice rescues the decline of the physical condition. Additionally, Notch receptor 1 (Notch1) is identified as a target gene of miR-146b. Further analysis shows that miR-146b restored the abundance of goblet cells by regulating Notch1 signaling pathway. CONCLUSION IMP is able to induce intestinal inflammation, impairs the intestinal barrier, and affects the proliferation of goblet cells. The underlined mechanism may partially contribute to the dysregulation of miR-146b/Notch1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae (Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Yuzheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae (Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Wen Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae (Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Qian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae (Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae (Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Mengyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae (Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae (Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae (Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, China
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13
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Chen M, Chen Q, Liu W, Tong H, Wu Y. The effectiveness of diet intervention in improving the metabolism of overweight and obese women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:2926-2938. [PMID: 35702099 PMCID: PMC9185074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dietary therapy may improve glucose and lipid metabolism function in women. However, there is no systematic review to investigate the association between metabolic effects and different dietary interventions in obese women. The main purpose of this study is to summarize the current literature and investigate whether different dietary interventions have an effect on glucose and metabolic indicators of overweight or obese women. METHODS We conducted a scoping review of randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies from 1991 to 2022 by adopting a systematic review and meta-analysis. The database includes Google Scholar, PubMed, Embase and Web of Science. Literature screening, data extraction, and quality assessment were independently completed by 2 researchers. Meta-analysis was performed with RevMan. RESULTS Twelve articles were extracted and the meta-analysis results showed that the mean difference of metabolic indexes of obese women before and after dietary intervention, including fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR (Homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance), TG (triglyceride), TC (total cholesterol), LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol), HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) are -0.13 [-0.15, -0.10], -2.41 [-3.44, -1.38], -0.13 [-0.15, -0.10], -21.71 [-24.19, -19.22], -21.71 [-24.19, -19.22], -13.29 [-17.86, -8.72], 3.31 [2.22, 4.40], respectively. CONCLUSIONS Different dietary interventions benefit glucose and lipid metabolism of overweight or obese women. Further study is needed to determine which specific dietary effects have the greatest effect on improving metabolic indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengkun Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Otolaryngology, Xiamen Chang Gung HospitalXiamen 330520, Fujian, China
| | - Qiuli Chen
- School of Public Health, The University of QueenslandBrisbane, Australia
- Department of Research and Development, Zhengjiang Zhongwei Medical Research CenterHangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- Department of Research and Development, Zhengjiang Zhongwei Medical Research CenterHangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui Tong
- Department of Research and Development, Zhengjiang Zhongwei Medical Research CenterHangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuedan Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Yueqing People’s HospitalYueqing 325600, Zhejiang, China
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