1
|
Jiang Y, Cai R, Huang Y, Zhu L, Xiao L, Wang C, Wang L. Macrophages in organ fibrosis: from pathogenesis to therapeutic targets. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:487. [PMID: 39632841 PMCID: PMC11618518 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02247-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 11/11/2024] [Accepted: 11/13/2024] [Indexed: 12/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis, an excessive self-repair response, is an age-related pathological process that universally affects various major organs such as the heart, liver, kidney, and lungs. Continuous accumulation of pathological tissue fibrosis destroys structural integrity and causes loss of function, with consequent organ failure and increased mortality. Although some differences exist in the triggering mechanisms and pathophysiologic manifestations of organ-specific fibrosis, they usually share similar cascading responses and features, including chronic inflammatory stimulation, parenchymal cell injury, and macrophage recruitment. Macrophages, due to their high plasticity, can polarize into different phenotypes in response to varied microenvironments and play a crucial role in the development of organ fibrosis. This review examined the relationship between macrophages and the pathogenesis of organ fibrosis. Moreover, it analyzed how fibrosis can be modulated by targeting macrophages, which may become a novel and promising therapeutic strategy for fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Jiang
- Translational Medical Innovation Center, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, 215600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rong Cai
- Translational Medical Innovation Center, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, 215600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhangjiagang Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, 215600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Like Zhu
- Translational Medical Innovation Center, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, 215600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Long Xiao
- Translational Medical Innovation Center, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, 215600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Caihong Wang
- Translational Medical Innovation Center, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, 215600, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Lihong Wang
- Translational Medical Innovation Center, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, 215600, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Williams EG, Alissa M, Alsugoor MH, Albakri GS, Altamimi AA, Alabdullateef AA, Almansour NM, Aldakheel FM, Alessa S, Marber M. Integrative approaches to atrial fibrillation prevention and management: Leveraging gut health for improved cardiovascular outcomes in the aging population. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 50:102952. [PMID: 39626858 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2024.102952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2024] [Accepted: 11/30/2024] [Indexed: 12/14/2024]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a prevalent clinical arrhythmia associated with a high incidence and severe complications such as cerebral embolism and heart failure. While the etiology and pathogenesis of AF involve numerous factors, recent research emphasizes the significant role of intestinal microbiota imbalance in the emergence and progression of AF, particularly among older adults. This review investigates the mechanisms by which intestinal flora and their metabolites contribute to the onset of AF in the elderly, highlighting novel interactions between gut health and cardiac function. Current literature often overlooks these critical connections, indicating a substantial research gap in understanding how dysbiosis may exacerbate AF and hinder recovery. Furthermore, exploring the bidirectional relationship between the gut microbiome and systemic inflammation in the context of AF provides a unique perspective that has yet to be thoroughly investigated. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies assessing gut microbiota composition and function in AF patients and consider probiotics or prebiotics as potential adjunctive therapies for mitigating AF. This comprehensive approach may pave the way for innovative treatments integrating cardiology with gastroenterology, enhancing patient outcomes through a holistic understanding of health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Grace Williams
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112; 2 Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, LA 70119, USA
| | - Mohammed Alissa
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mahdi H Alsugoor
- Department of Emergency Medical Services, Faculty of Health Sciences, AlQunfudah, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21912, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghadah Shukri Albakri
- Department of Teaching and Learning, College of Education and Human Development, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali A Altamimi
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Prince Sultan Air Base Hospital, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Nahlah Makki Almansour
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin 31991, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad M Aldakheel
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salem Alessa
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Al Kharj Military Industries Corporation Hospital, Al-kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael Marber
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yao Q, Tan W, Bai F. Gut microbiome and metabolomics in systemic sclerosis: feature, link and mechanisms. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1475528. [PMID: 39559369 PMCID: PMC11570262 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1475528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 10/14/2024] [Indexed: 11/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare and highly heterogeneous chronic autoimmune disease characterized by multi-organ and tissue fibrosis, often accompanied by a poor prognosis and high mortality rates. The primary pathogenic mechanisms of SSc are considered to involve tissue fibrosis, autoimmune dysfunction, and microvascular abnormalities. Recent studies have shed light on the gut microbiota (GM) and metabolites in SSc patients, revealing their association with gastrointestinal symptoms and disease phenotypes. However, further elucidation is needed on the specific mechanisms underlying the interactions between GM, metabolites, and the immune system and their roles in the pathogenesis of SSc. This review outlines the characteristics of GM and metabolites in SSc patients, exploring their interrelationships and analyzing their correlations with the clinical phenotypes of SSc. The findings indicate that while the α-diversity of GM in SSc patients resembles that of healthy individuals, notable differences exist in the β-diversity and the abundance of specific bacterial genera, which are closely linked to gastrointestinal symptoms. Moreover, alterations in the levels of amino acids and lipid metabolites in SSc patients are prominently observed and significantly associated with clinical phenotypes. Furthermore, this review delves into the potential immunopathological mechanisms of GM and metabolites in SSc, emphasizing the critical role of interactions between GM, metabolites, and the immune system in comprehending the immunopathological processes of SSc. These insights may offer new scientific evidence for the development of future treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qicen Yao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenfeng Tan
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feihu Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Luo T, Che Q, Guo Z, Song T, Zhao J, Xu D. Modulatory effects of traditional Chinese medicines on gut microbiota and the microbiota-gut-x axis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1442854. [PMID: 39444598 PMCID: PMC11497133 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1442854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota offers numerous benefits to the human body, including the promotion of nutrient absorption, participation in metabolic processes, and enhancement of immune function. Recent studies have introduced the concept of the gut-organ axis, which encompasses interactions such as the gut-brain axis, gut-liver axis, and gut-lung axis. This concept underscores the complex interplay between gut microbiota and various organs and tissues, including the brain, heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, muscles, and bones. Growing evidence indicates that gut microbiota can influence the onset and progression of multi-organ system diseases through their effects on the gut-organ axis. Traditional Chinese medicine has demonstrated significant efficacy in regulating the gastrointestinal system, leveraging its unique advantages. Considerable advancements have been made in understanding the role of gut microbiota and the gut-organ axis within the mechanisms of action of traditional Chinese medicine. This review aims to elucidate the roles of gut microbiota and the gut-organ axis in human health, explore the potential connections between traditional Chinese medicine and gut microbiota, and examine the therapeutic effects of traditional Chinese medicine on the microbiota-gut-organ axis. Furthermore, the review addresses the limitations and challenges present in current research while proposing potential directions for future investigations in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Luo
- Department of Medical Instrumental Analysis, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Qingya Che
- Department of Medical Instrumental Analysis, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Ziyi Guo
- Department of Medical Instrumental Analysis, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Department of Cell Biology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Tingxia Song
- Department of Medical Instrumental Analysis, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Delin Xu
- Department of Medical Instrumental Analysis, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Department of Cell Biology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vegda HS, Patel B, Girdhar GA, Pathan MSH, Ahmad R, Haque M, Sinha S, Kumar S. Role of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Periodontitis: A Bidirectional Relationship. Cureus 2024; 16:e63775. [PMID: 39100036 PMCID: PMC11297857 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.63775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and periodontitis share common risk factors such as obesity, insulin resistance (IR), and dyslipidemia, which contribute to systemic inflammation. It has been suggested that a bidirectional relationship exists between NAFLD and periodontitis, indicating that one condition may exacerbate the other. NAFLD is characterized by excessive fat deposition in the liver and is associated with low-grade chronic inflammation. There are several risk factors for the development of NAFLD, including gender, geriatric community, race, ethnicity, poor sleep quality and sleep deprivation, physical activity, nutritional status, dysbiosis gut microbiota, increased oxidative stress, overweight, obesity, higher body mass index (BMI), IR, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), metabolic syndrome (MetS), dyslipidemia (hypercholesterolemia), and sarcopenia (decreased skeletal muscle mass). This systemic inflammation can contribute to the progression of periodontitis by impairing immune responses and exacerbating the inflammatory processes in the periodontal tissues. Furthermore, individuals with NAFLD often exhibit altered lipid metabolism, which may affect oral microbiota composition, leading to dysbiosis and increased susceptibility to periodontal disease. Conversely, periodontitis has been linked to the progression of NAFLD through mechanisms involving systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. Chronic periodontal inflammation can release pro-inflammatory cytokines and bacterial toxins into the bloodstream, contributing to liver inflammation and exacerbating hepatic steatosis. Moreover, periodontitis-induced oxidative stress may promote hepatic lipid accumulation and IR, further aggravating NAFLD. The interplay between NAFLD and periodontitis underscores the importance of comprehensive management strategies targeting both conditions. Lifestyle modifications such as regular exercise, a healthy diet, and proper oral hygiene practices are crucial for preventing and managing these interconnected diseases. Additionally, interdisciplinary collaboration between hepatologists and periodontists is essential for optimizing patient care and improving outcomes in individuals with NAFLD and periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hardika S Vegda
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, IND
| | - Bhavin Patel
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, IND
| | - Gaurav A Girdhar
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, IND
| | - Mohd Shabankhan H Pathan
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, IND
| | - Rahnuma Ahmad
- Department of Physiology, Medical College for Women and Hospital, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Mainul Haque
- Department of Research, Karnavati Scientific Research Center (KSRC) School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, IND
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MYS
| | - Susmita Sinha
- Department of Physiology, Enam Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, IND
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li A, Wu S, Li Q, Wang Q, Chen Y. Elucidating the Molecular Pathways and Therapeutic Interventions of Gaseous Mediators in the Context of Fibrosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:515. [PMID: 38790620 PMCID: PMC11117599 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis, a pathological alteration of the repair response, involves continuous organ damage, scar formation, and eventual functional failure in various chronic inflammatory disorders. Unfortunately, clinical practice offers limited treatment strategies, leading to high mortality rates in chronic diseases. As part of investigations into gaseous mediators, or gasotransmitters, including nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), numerous studies have confirmed their beneficial roles in attenuating fibrosis. Their therapeutic mechanisms, which involve inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and proliferation, have been increasingly elucidated. Additionally, novel gasotransmitters like hydrogen (H2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) have emerged as promising options for fibrosis treatment. In this review, we primarily demonstrate and summarize the protective and therapeutic effects of gaseous mediators in the process of fibrosis, with a focus on elucidating the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in combating fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aohan Li
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China; (A.L.); (S.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Siyuan Wu
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China; (A.L.); (S.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Qian Li
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China; (A.L.); (S.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China; (A.L.); (S.W.); (Q.L.)
- Engineering Technology Research Center for The Utilization of Functional Components of Organic Natural Products, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Yingqing Chen
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China; (A.L.); (S.W.); (Q.L.)
- Engineering Technology Research Center for The Utilization of Functional Components of Organic Natural Products, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Russo E, Bellando-Randone S, Carboni D, Fioretto BS, Romano E, Baldi S, El Aoufy K, Ramazzotti M, Rosa I, Lepri G, Di Gloria L, Pallecchi M, Bruni C, Melchiorre D, Guiducci S, Manetti M, Bartolucci GL, Matucci-Cerinic M, Amedei A. The differential crosstalk of the skin-gut microbiome axis as a new emerging actor in systemic sclerosis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2024; 63:226-234. [PMID: 37154625 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kead208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We characterized the microbiota in SSc, focusing on the skin-oral-gut axis and the serum and faecal free fatty acid (FFA) profile. METHODS Twenty-five SSc patients with ACA or anti-Scl70 autoantibodies were enrolled. The microbiota of faecal, saliva and superficial epidermal samples was assessed through next-generation sequencing analysis. GC-MS was used to quantify faecal and serum FFAs. Gastrointestinal symptoms were investigated with the University of California Los Angeles Scleroderma Clinical Trial Consortium Gastrointestinal Tract Instrument (UCLA GIT-2.0) questionnaire. RESULTS The ACA+ and anti-Scl70+ groups displayed different cutaneous and faecal microbiota profiles. The classes of cutaneous Sphingobacteriia and Alphaproteobacteria, the faecal phylum Lentisphaerae, the levels of the classes Lentisphaeria and Opitutae, and the genus NA-Acidaminococcaceae were significantly higher in faecal samples from the ACA+ patients than in samples from the anti-Scl70+ patients. The cutaneous Sphingobacteria and the faecal Lentisphaerae were significantly correlated (rho = 0.42; P = 0.03). A significant increase in faecal propionic acid was observed in ACA+ patients. Moreover, all levels of faecal medium-chain FFAs and hexanoic acids were significantly higher in the ACA+ group than in the anti-Scl70+ group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively). In the ACA+ group, the analysis of the serum FFA levels showed an increasing trend in valeric acid. CONCLUSION Different microbiota signatures and FFA profiles were found for the two groups of patients. Despite being in different body districts, the cutaneous Sphingobacteria and faecal Lentisphaerae appear interdependent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edda Russo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Bellando-Randone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Division of Rheumatology, Scleroderma Unit, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Davide Carboni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Division of Rheumatology, Scleroderma Unit, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Eloisa Romano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Simone Baldi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Khadija El Aoufy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Matteo Ramazzotti
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Science "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Irene Rosa
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gemma Lepri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Division of Rheumatology, Scleroderma Unit, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Leandro Di Gloria
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Science "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Pallecchi
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Cosimo Bruni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Division of Rheumatology, Scleroderma Unit, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
- Rheumatology, University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Melchiorre
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Serena Guiducci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Mirko Manetti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gian Luca Bartolucci
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Matucci-Cerinic
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Division of Rheumatology, Scleroderma Unit, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sheikh RA, Nadem MS, Asar TO, Almujtaba MA, Naqvi S, Al-Abbasi FA, Almalki NAR, Kumar V, Anwar F. Zamzam Water Mitigates Cardiac Toxicity Risk through Modulation of GUT Microbiota and the Renin-angiotensin System. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:1115-1127. [PMID: 38561612 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128302001240321044409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) continue to exert a substantial global influence in specific areas due to population growth, aging, microbiota, and genetic/environmental factors. Drinking water has a strong impact on the health of an individual. Further, emerging evidence has highlighted the therapeutic potential and benefits of Zamzam water (Zam). OBJECTIVE We investigated the influence of Zam on doxorubicin-induced cardiac toxicity, elucidating its consequential effects on GUT microbiota dysbiosis and hepatic and renal functions. METHODS Male rats were categorized into four groups: Group 1 as Normal control (NC), Group 2 as Zamzam control (ZC), Group 3 Disease control (DC) and Group 4 as Therapeutic control (DZ) treated with Zam against doxorubicin-induced disease at a dose of 1mg/kg boy weight) intraperitoneally (i.p). RESULTS Significant dysbiosis in the composition of GM was observed in the DC group along with a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in serum levels of Zinc, interleukin-10 (IL-10), IL-6 and Angiotensin II (Ang II), while C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, and CKMB increased significantly (restoration of Zinc ions (0.72 ± 0.07 mcg/mL) compared to NC. Treatment with Zamzam exhibited a marked abundance of 18-times to 72% in Romboutsia, a genus of firmicutes, along with lowering of Proteobacteria in DZ followed by significant restoration of Zinc ions (0.72 ± 0.07 mcg/mL), significant (p ˂ 0.05) reduction in CRP (7.22 ± 0.39 mg/dL), CKMB (118.8 ± 1.02 U/L) and Fibrinogen (3.18 ± 0.16 mg/dL), significant (p < 0.05) increase in IL-10 (7.22 ± 0.84 pg/mL) and IL-6 (7.18 ± 0.40 pg/ml), restoration of Ang II (18.62 ± 0.50 nmol/mL/min), marked increase in renin with normal myocyte architecture and tissue orientation of kidney, and restoration of histological architecture of hepatocyte. CONCLUSION Zam treatment mitigated cardiac toxicity risk through the modulation of GUT microbiota and the renin-angiotensin system and tissue histology effectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Adnan Sheikh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Shahid Nadem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turky Omar Asar
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Arts at Alkamil, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Almujtaba
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salma Naqvi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fahad A Al-Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Abdullah R Almalki
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Natural Product Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh 211007, India
| | - Firoz Anwar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Padiadpu J, Garcia‐Jaramillo M, Newman NK, Pederson JW, Rodrigues R, Li Z, Singh S, Monnier P, Trinchieri G, Brown K, Dzutsev AK, Shulzhenko N, Jump DB, Morgun A. Multi-omic network analysis identified betacellulin as a novel target of omega-3 fatty acid attenuation of western diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e18367. [PMID: 37859621 PMCID: PMC10630881 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202318367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical and preclinical studies established that supplementing diets with ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) can reduce hepatic dysfunction in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) but molecular underpinnings of this action were elusive. Herein, we used multi-omic network analysis that unveiled critical molecular pathways involved in ω3 PUFA effects in a preclinical mouse model of western diet induced NASH. Since NASH is a precursor of liver cancer, we also performed meta-analysis of human liver cancer transcriptomes that uncovered betacellulin as a key EGFR-binding protein upregulated in liver cancer and downregulated by ω3 PUFAs in animals and humans with NASH. We then confirmed that betacellulin acts by promoting proliferation of quiescent hepatic stellate cells, inducing transforming growth factor-β2 and increasing collagen production. When used in combination with TLR2/4 agonists, betacellulin upregulated integrins in macrophages thereby potentiating inflammation and fibrosis. Taken together, our results suggest that suppression of betacellulin is one of the key mechanisms associated with anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects of ω3 PUFA on NASH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nolan K Newman
- College of PharmacyOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
| | - Jacob W Pederson
- Carlson College of Veterinary MedicineOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
| | - Richard Rodrigues
- College of PharmacyOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Carlson College of Veterinary MedicineOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
| | - Sehajvir Singh
- College of PharmacyOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
| | - Philip Monnier
- College of PharmacyOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
| | - Giorgio Trinchieri
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Kevin Brown
- College of PharmacyOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental EngineeringOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
| | - Amiran K Dzutsev
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Natalia Shulzhenko
- Carlson College of Veterinary MedicineOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
| | - Donald B Jump
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Linus Pauling InstituteOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
| | - Andrey Morgun
- College of PharmacyOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lei Y, Li S, He M, Ao Z, Wang J, Wu Q, Wang Q. Oral Pathogenic Bacteria and the Oral-Gut-Liver Axis: A New Understanding of Chronic Liver Diseases. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3324. [PMID: 37958220 PMCID: PMC10648517 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13213324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver diseases have long been a prevalent cause of morbidity and mortality, and their development and progression involve multiple vital organs throughout the body. Recent studies on the oral-gut-liver axis have revealed that the oral microbiota is associated with the pathophysiology of chronic liver diseases. Since interventions aimed at regulating oral biological disorders may delay the progress of liver disease, it is crucial to better comprehend this process. Oral bacteria with potential pathogenicity have been extensively studied and are closely related to several types of chronic liver diseases. Therefore, this review will systemically describe the emerging role of oral pathogenic bacteria in common liver diseases, including alcoholic liver disease (ALD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cirrhosis, autoimmune liver diseases (AILD), and liver cancer, and bring in new perspectives for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Qiang Wang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China; (Y.L.); (S.L.); (M.H.); (Z.A.); (J.W.); (Q.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Xia Q, Lei Y, Wang J, Wang Q. Probiotic management and inflammatory factors as a novel treatment in cirrhosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Open Life Sci 2023; 18:20220741. [PMID: 37872967 PMCID: PMC10590617 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between intestinal microecological dysregulation, altered inflammatory factors, and cirrhosis is unclear. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to synthesize the results of previous studies to assess the efficacy of probiotics in the treatment of cirrhosis and their effect on inflammatory factors, as well as to explore the relationship between gut microecological dysregulation and liver disease to gain a deeper understanding of this interaction. Up to December 2022, eligible studies were identified by searching the following databases: National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Medline, and the Cochrane Library. Statistical analysis was performed using software RevMan Version 5.4. A total of 33 eligible randomized controlled trials were included in the study, and data on probiotic strains, duration of intervention, measures in the control group, and outcomes were extracted and evaluated. Compared to the control group, the experimental group had significant improvements in overall efficacy. The results of the meta-analysis revealed that probiotic use significantly decreased biochemical parameters for liver function, including aspartate transaminase, alanine aminotransferase, and total bilirubin. Similar result was obtained in interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and endotoxin. However, probiotic intervention did not significantly affect interleukin-2 and interleukin-10. The current meta-analysis illustrates that probiotic supplementation reduces inflammatory markers and biochemical parameters for liver function in patients with cirrhosis, suggesting that probiotic management may be a novel treatment for cirrhosis. Furthermore, the interaction of the gut microbiota, associated metabolites, and inflammation factors with cirrhosis may provide a promising therapeutic target for the pharmacological and clinical treatment of cirrhosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinglan Xia
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430065, China
| | - Yumeng Lei
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430065, China
| | - Jiadun Wang
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430065, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430065, China
- Asia General Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430056, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang J, Liu X, Sun R, Mao H, Liu M, Jin X. Akkermansia muciniphila participates in the host protection against helminth-induced cardiac fibrosis via TLR2. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011683. [PMID: 37788279 PMCID: PMC10547169 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Helminth Trichinella spiralis (Ts) is one of the major pathogens of human infective myocarditis that can lead to cardiac fibrosis (CF). The gut microbiota involved in this pathology are of interest. Here, we use mice infected with Ts as a model to examine the interactions between gut microbes and host protection to CF. Infected mice show enhanced CF severity. We find that antibiotics treatment to deplete the microbiota aggravates the disease phenotype. Attempts to restore microbiota using fecal microbiota transplantation ameliorates helminth-induced CF. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metagenomics sequencing reveal a higher abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila in gut microbiomes of Ts-infected mice. Oral supplementation with alive or pasteurized A. muciniphila improves CF via TLR2. This work represents a substantial advance toward our understanding of causative rather than correlative relationships between the gut microbiota and CF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ruohang Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hanhai Mao
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mingyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xuemin Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Peritoneal fibrosis is an important cause of peritoneal dialysis (PD) discontinuation worldwide and is associated with high morbidity and mortality rate. Although the era of metagenomics has provided new insights into the interactions between the gut microbiota and fibrosis in various organs and tissues, its role in peritoneal fibrosis has rarely been discussed. This review provides a scientific rationale and points out the potential role of gut microbiota in peritoneal fibrosis. In addition, the interaction between the gut, circulatory, and peritoneal microbiota is highlighted, with an emphasis on the relationship to PD outcomes. More research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the role of gut microbiota in peritoneal fibrosis and potentially unveil new target options for the management of PD technique failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Stepanova
- Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, State Institution “Institute of Nephrology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine”, Kyiv, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jarmakiewicz-Czaja S, Sokal A, Ferenc K, Motyka E, Helma K, Filip R. The Role of Genetic and Epigenetic Regulation in Intestinal Fibrosis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Descending Process or a Programmed Consequence? Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1167. [PMID: 37372347 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are a group of chronic diseases characterized by recurring periods of exacerbation and remission. Fibrosis of the intestine is one of the most common complications of IBD. Based on current analyses, it is evident that genetic factors and mechanisms, as well as epigenetic factors, play a role in the induction and progression of intestinal fibrosis in IBD. Key genetic factors and mechanisms that appear to be significant include NOD2, TGF-β, TLRs, Il23R, and ATG16L1. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation, histone modification, and ribonucleic acid (RNA) interference are the primary epigenetic mechanisms. Genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, which seem to be important in the pathophysiology and progression of IBD, may potentially be used in targeted therapy in the future. Therefore, the aim of this study was to gather and discuss selected mechanisms and genetic factors, as well as epigenetic factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aneta Sokal
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ferenc
- Institute of Medicine, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Motyka
- Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Kacper Helma
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Rafał Filip
- Institute of Medicine, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
- Department of Gastroenterology with IBD, Clinical Hospital No. 2 im. Św. Jadwigi Królowej, 35-301 Rzeszow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li Y, Jiang X, Chen J, Hu Y, Bai Y, Xu W, He L, Wang Y, Chen C, Chen J. Evaluation of the contribution of gut microbiome dysbiosis to cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury by comparative metagenome analysis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1119959. [PMID: 37065117 PMCID: PMC10091463 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1119959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionCardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI) is a common hospital-acquired AKI that carries a grave disease burden. Recently, gut-kidney crosstalk has greatly changed our understanding of the pathogenesis of kidney diseases. However, the relationship between gut microbial dysbiosis and CSA-AKI remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible contributions of gut microbiota alterations in CSA-AKI patientsMethodsPatients undergoing cardiac surgery were enrolled and divided into acute kidney injury (AKI) and Non-AKI groups. Faecal samples were collected before the operation. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing was performed to identify the taxonomic composition of the intestinal microbiome. All groups were statistically compared with alpha- and beta-diversity analysis, and linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis was performed.ResultsA total of 70 individuals comprising 35 AKI and 35 Non_AKI were enrolled in the study. There was no significant difference between the AKI and Non_AKI groups with respect to the alpha-and beta-diversity of the Shannon index, Simpson or Chao1 index values except with respect to functional pathways (p < 0.05). However, the relative abundance of top 10 gut microbiota in CSA-AKI was different from the Non_AKI group. Interestingly, both LEfSe and multivariate analysis confirmed that the species Escherichia coli, Rothia mucilaginosa, and Clostridium_innocuum were associated with CSA-AKI. Moreover, correlation heat map indicated that altered pathways and disrupted function could be attributed to disturbances of gut microbiota involving Escherichia_coli.ConclusionDysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota in preoperative stool affects susceptibility to CSA-AKI, indicating the crucial role of key microbial players in the development of CSA-AKI. This work provides valuable knowledge for further study of the contribution of gut microbiota in CSA-AKI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Jiang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingchun Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yali Hu
- BGI College and Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yunpeng Bai
- Center of Scientific Research, Maoming People’s Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Wang Xu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linling He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yirong Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunbo Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Emergency, Maoming People’s Hospital, Maoming, China
- Chunbo Chen,
| | - Jimei Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jimei Chen,
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang J, Chen J, Li L, Zhang H, Pang D, Ouyang H, Jin X, Tang X. Clostridium butyricum and Bifidobacterium pseudolongum Attenuate the Development of Cardiac Fibrosis in Mice. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0252422. [PMID: 36318049 PMCID: PMC9769846 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02524-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is an integral aspect of every form of cardiovascular diseases, which is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. It is urgent to explore new effective drugs and treatments. In this paper, transverse aortic constriction (TAC)-induced cardiac fibrosis was significantly alleviated by a cocktail of antibiotics to clear the intestinal flora, indicating that the gut microbiota was associated with the disease process of cardiac fibrosis. We transplanted feces from sham-operated and TAC-treated mice to mice treated with a cocktail of antibiotics. We found that TAC-treated gut microbiota dysbiosis cannot cause cardiac fibrosis on its own. Interestingly, healthy fecal microbiota transplantation could alleviate cardiac fibrosis, indicating that targeted probiotics and related metabolite intervention may restore a normal microenvironment for the treatment or prevention of cardiac fibrosis. We used 16S rRNA sequencing of fecal samples and discovered that butyric acid-producing bacteria and Bifidobacterium pseudolongum were the dominant bacteria in the group with the lowest degree of cardiac fibrosis. Moreover, we demonstrated that sodium butyrate prevented the development of cardiac fibrosis. The effect of Clostridium butyricum (butyric acid-producing bacteria) was better than that of B. pseudolongum on cardiac fibrosis. Surprisingly, the cocktail of two probiotics had a stronger ability than a single probiotic. In conclusion, therapies targeting the gut microbiota and metabolites such as probiotics present new strategies for treating cardiovascular disease. IMPORTANCE Cardiac fibrosis is a basic process in cardiac remodeling. It is related to almost all types of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and has become an important global health problem. Basic research and a number of clinical studies have shown that myocardial fibrosis can be prevented and reversed to a certain extent. It is urgent to explore new effective drugs and treatments. We indicated a causal relationship between cardiac fibrosis and gut microbiota. Gut microbiota dysbiosis cannot cause cardiac fibrosis on its own. Interestingly, healthy fecal microbiota transplantation could alleviate cardiac fibrosis. According to our findings, the combined use of butyric acid-producing bacteria and B. pseudolongum can help prevent cardiac fibrosis. Therapies targeting the gut microbiota and metabolites, such as probiotics, represent new strategies for treating cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiahuan Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linquan Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huanyu Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Daxin Pang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongsheng Ouyang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuemin Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun China
| | - Xiaochun Tang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Chongqing Research Institute of Jilin University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hua X, Xu L, Li Q, Zhang M, Chen X, Zhu Y, Xu J, Li J. Deep Grouping Analysis of the Altered Cervical Canal Microbiota in Intrauterine Adhesion Patients. Reprod Sci 2022; 29:3494-3507. [PMID: 35710962 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-01006-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
To deeply analyze the alterations of cervical canal microbiota in intrauterine adhesion (IUA) patients and microbiota's relation to intrauterine adhesion (IUA) severity, we prospectively enrolled 23 consecutive patients diagnosed with mild-to-severe IUA and 8 women with infertility, 3 women with submucous myomas, or 8 women with endometrial polyps, but without IUA, as non_IUA subjects. For deep grouping analysis, these enrolled women were divided into six groups, two groups, and four groups respectively. Cervical mucus was drawn from the cervical canal of each participant. The bacterial composition was identified by 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing. For analysis of six groups, mild IUA patients had similar cervical canal microbiota diversity and composition with submucous myomas patients. Compared with mild IUA participants, patients with moderate or severe IUA had a significantly lower diversity of bacteria and higher load of Firmicutes. For analysis of two groups, IUA patients had a significantly lower diversity of bacteria and higher load of Firmicutes than non_IUA subjects. KEGG pathway function analysis showed that metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and microbial metabolism in diverse environments were mostly enriched for these cervical canal microbiota in all enrolled patients. The severity of IUA was associated with the altered abundance of phylum Firmicutes/Acinetobacteria or genus Lactobacillus/Gardnerella in the cervical canal. Higher bacterial load but less diversity in the cervical canal may be related with the severity of IUA. The function of these cervical canal microbiota were mostly involved in metabolic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Hua
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, China
| | - Mi Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, China
| | - Xiyi Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Xu
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, China.
| | - Jingyun Li
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Natural polysaccharides as potential anti-fibrotic agents: A review of their progress. Life Sci 2022; 308:120953. [PMID: 36103957 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis, as a common disease which could be found in nearly all organs, is normally initiated by organic injury and eventually ended in cellular dysfunction and organ failure. Currently, effective and safe therapeutic strategies targeting fibrogenesis still in highly demand. Natural polysaccharides derived from natural resources possess promising anti-fibrosis potential, with no deleterious side effects. Based on the etiology and pathogenesis of fibrosis, this review summarizes the intervention effects and mechanisms of natural polysaccharides in the prevention and treatment of fibrosis. Natural polysaccharides are able to regulate each phase of the fibrogenic response, including primary injury to organs, activation of effector cells, the elaboration of extracellular matrix (ECM) and dynamic deposition. In addition, polysaccharides significantly reduce fibrosis levels in multiple organs including heart, lung, liver and kidney. The investigation of the pathogenesis of fibrosis indicates that mechanisms including the inhibition of TGF-β/Smad, NF-κB, HMGB1/TLR4, cAMP/PKA signaling pathways, MMPs/TIMPs system as well as microRNAs are promising therapeutic targets. Natural polysaccharides can target these mediators or pathways to alleviate fibrosis. The information reviewed here offer new insights into the understanding the protective role of natural polysaccharides against fibrosis, help design further experimental studies related to polysaccharides and fibrotic responses, and shed light on a potential treatment for fibrosis.
Collapse
|
19
|
Wrigley-Carr HE, van Dorst JM, Ooi CY. Intestinal dysbiosis and inflammation in cystic fibrosis impacts gut and multi-organ axes. MEDICINE IN MICROECOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medmic.2022.100057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
|
20
|
Targeting Gut Microbiota as a Novel Strategy for Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension, Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10082019. [PMID: 36009566 PMCID: PMC9406184 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10082019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the major public health concern worldwide. Over the last two decades, a considerable amount of literature has been published on gut microbiota (GMB) composition and its metabolites, involved in the pathophysiology of CVDs, including arterial hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and congestive heart failure. Although many types of medicines are available to treat CVD, new therapeutic tools are needed to improve clinical outcomes. A challenge that often arises in the researchers’ community is how to manipulate the GMB to manage cardiovascular risk factors. Therapeutic strategies designed to manipulate GMB composition and/or its metabolites include dietary approaches, prebiotics/probiotics supplementation, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). In this review, we have focused on three main cardiovascular pathologies (arterial hypertension, atrial fibrillation and heart failure) due to their shared common pathophysiological pathways and structural changes in myocardium, such as inflammation, hypertrophy, fibrosis, and myocardial remodeling. The main aims of the review are: (1) to summarize current knowledge on the key pathophysiologic links between GMB and CVDs, and (2) discuss the results of the studies on GMB modulation for the prevention and treatment of selected CVDs.
Collapse
|
21
|
Qige Huxin Formula Attenuates Isoprenaline-Induced Cardiac Fibrosis in Mice via Modulating Gut Microbiota and Protecting Intestinal Integrity. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2894659. [PMID: 35911163 PMCID: PMC9328975 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2894659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background The composition and metabolic activities of gut microbiota are strongly interconnected with cardiac fibrosis (CF) and heart failure (HF). Qige Huxin formula (QHF), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulation originating from a classical Fangji Huangqi decoction, has been widely used to clinically treat HF for decades. However, it is still unclear whether QHF alleviates CF by modulating gut microbiota and intestinal integrity. Purpose This study aimed to investigate the cardioprotective effects of QHF in isoprenaline-induced CF through modulating gut microbiota and intestinal integrity. Methods Fifty mice were randomly divided into five groups after one week of acclimatization feeding: control group, model group, 2.56 g/kg/d group (low-dose QHF), 5.12 g/kg/d group (high-dose QHF), and meto group (15 mg/kg/d). The CF model was established by subcutaneously injecting the mice with isoprenaline (10 mg/kg/d for 14 days), followed by QHF treatment. The heart volume, cardiac weight index (CWI), serum myocardial enzymes, serum inflammatory cytokines, serum lipopolysaccharide, histopathology of the heart and colon tissues, ZO-1, and occludin of colon tissues were then measured. Fecal samples from mice were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing. Results QHF treatment significantly reduced heart volume, CWI, and serum CK and CK-MB levels, attenuated cardiac histopathological alterations, and alleviated CF. QHF treatment also downregulated TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in serum. Moreover, QHF treatment decreased the serum level of lipopolysaccharide and maintained intestinal integrity by upregulating ZO-1 and occludin. The 16S rRNA microbiota analysis revealed that QHF treatment increased the relative abundance of Marvinbryantia and Phascolarctobacterium. Conclusions QHF treatment exerts cardioprotective effects through modulating gut microbiota, protecting intestinal integrity, and alleviating inflammation. This study shows that gut microbiota may enhance heart-gut interaction.
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide public health issue and has ultimately progressed to an end-stage renal disease that requires life-long dialysis or renal transplantation. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of these pathological development and progression remains to be fully understood. The human gut microbiota is made up of approximately 100 trillion microbial cells including anaerobic and aerobic species. In recent years, more and more evidence has indicated a clear association between dysbiosis of gut microbiota and CKD including immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy, diabetic kidney disease, membranous nephropathy, chronic renal failure and end-stage renal disease. The current review describes gut microbial dysbiosis and metabolites in patients with CKD thus helping to understand human disease. Treatment with prebiotics, probiotics and natural products can attenuate CKD through improving dysbiosis of gut microbiota, indicating a novel intervention strategy in patients with CKD. This review also discusses therapeutic options, such as prebiotics, probiotics and natural products, for targeting dysbiosis of gut microbiota in patients to provide more specific concept-driven therapy strategy for CKD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Yong Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Stepanova N, Snisar L, Burdeyna O. Peritoneal dialysis and peritoneal fibrosis: molecular mechanisms, risk factors and prospects for prevention. UKRAINIAN JOURNAL OF NEPHROLOGY AND DIALYSIS 2022:81-90. [DOI: 10.31450/ukrjnd.4(76).2022.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) leads to structural and functional changes in the peritoneal membrane, the endpoint of which is peritoneal fibrosis. Peritoneal fibrosis is diagnosed in 50% and 80% of PD patients within 1 and 2 years of treatment initiation, respectively. A key role in the development of peritoneal fibrosis is played by mesothelial-mesenchymal transformation, a complex biological process of transition from mesothelium to mesenchyme. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the changes in peritoneal function and morphology, the molecular mechanisms of peritoneal fibrosis development, and its clinical consequences during PD. Special attention is given to established and potential risk factors for peritoneal fibrosis, and existing prevention strategies are considered.
Collapse
|