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Calabrese FM, Genchi VA, Serale N, Celano G, Vacca M, Palma G, Svelto M, Gesualdo L, De Angelis M, Giorgino F, Perrini S. Gut microbiota and fecal volatilome profile inspection in metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity phenotypes. J Endocrinol Invest 2024:10.1007/s40618-024-02379-2. [PMID: 38904913 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-024-02379-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with metabolically healthy (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) differ for the presence or absence of cardio-metabolic complications, respectively. OBJECTIVE Based on these differences, we are interested in deepening whether these obesity phenotypes could be linked to changes in microbiota and metabolome profiles. In this respect, the overt role of microbiota taxa composition and relative metabolic profiles is not completely understood. At this aim, biochemical and nutritional parameters, fecal microbiota, metabolome and SCFA compositions were inspected in patients with MHO and MUO under a restrictive diet regimen with a daily intake ranging from 800 to 1200 kcal. METHODS Blood, fecal samples and food questionnaires were collected from healthy controls (HC), and an obese cohort composed of both MHO and MUO patients. Most impacting biochemical/anthropometric variables from an a priori sample stratification were detected by applying a robust statistics approach useful in lowering the background noise. Bacterial taxa and volatile metabolites were assessed by qPCR and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, respectively. A targeted GC-MS analyses on SCFAs was also performed. RESULTS Instructed to follow a controlled and restricted daily calorie intake, MHO and MUO patients showed differences in metabolic, gut microbial and volatilome signatures. Our data revealed higher quantities of specific pro-inflammatory taxa (i.e., Desulfovibrio and Prevotella genera) and lower quantities of Clostridium coccoides group in MUO subset. Higher abundances in alkane, ketone, aldehyde, and indole VOC classes together with a lower amount of butanoic acid marked the faecal MUO metabolome. CONCLUSIONS Compared to MHO, MUO subset symptom picture is featured by specific differences in gut pro-inflammatory taxa and metabolites that could have a role in the progression to metabolically unhealthy status and developing of obesity-related cardiometabolic diseases. The approach is suitable to better explain the crosstalk existing among dysmetabolism-related inflammation, nutrient intake, lifestyle, and gut dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Calabrese
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - V A Genchi
- Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases - Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - N Serale
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - G Celano
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - M Vacca
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - G Palma
- Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases - Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - M Svelto
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - L Gesualdo
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - M De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
| | - F Giorgino
- Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases - Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
| | - S Perrini
- Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases - Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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Bridge LA, Hernández Vargas JA, Trujillo-Cáceres SJ, Beigrezaei S, Chatelan A, Salehi-Abargouei A, Muka T, Uriza-Pinzón JP, Raeisi-Dehkordi H, Franco OH, Grompone G, Artola Arita V. Two cosmoses, one universe: a narrative review exploring the gut microbiome's role in the effect of urban risk factors on vascular ageing. Maturitas 2024; 184:107951. [PMID: 38471294 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2024.107951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
In the face of rising global urbanisation, understanding how the associated environment and lifestyle impact public health is a cornerstone for prevention, research, and clinical practice. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with urban risk factors contributing greatly to its burden. The current narrative review adopts an exposome approach to explore the effect of urban-associated physical-chemical factors (such as air pollution) and lifestyle on cardiovascular health and ageing. In addition, we provide new insights into how these urban-related factors alter the gut microbiome, which has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. We focus on vascular ageing, before disease onset, to promote preventative research and practice. We also discuss how urban ecosystems and social factors may interact with these pathways and provide suggestions for future research, precision prevention and management of vascular ageing. Most importantly, future research and decision-making would benefit from adopting an exposome approach and acknowledging the diverse and boundless universe of the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Anne Bridge
- Department of Global Public Health and Bioethics, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Juliana Alexandra Hernández Vargas
- Department of Global Public Health and Bioethics, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Silvia Juliana Trujillo-Cáceres
- Department of Global Public Health and Bioethics, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sara Beigrezaei
- Department of Global Public Health and Bioethics, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Angeline Chatelan
- Geneva School of Health Sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Amin Salehi-Abargouei
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | | | - Julieth Pilar Uriza-Pinzón
- Department of Global Public Health and Bioethics, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hamidreza Raeisi-Dehkordi
- Department of Global Public Health and Bioethics, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Department of Global Public Health and Bioethics, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Vicente Artola Arita
- Department of Global Public Health and Bioethics, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Nenna A, Laudisio A, Taffon C, Fogolari M, Spadaccio C, Ferrisi C, Loreni F, Giacinto O, Mastroianni C, Barbato R, Rose D, Salsano A, Santini F, Angeletti S, Crescenzi A, Antonelli Incalzi R, Chello M, Lusini M. Intestinal Microbiota and Derived Metabolites in Myocardial Fibrosis and Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6037. [PMID: 38892223 PMCID: PMC11173100 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The high incidence of atrial fibrillation (AFib) following cardiac surgery (postoperative atrial fibrillation, POAF) relies on specific surgical features. However, in the setting of POAF, the role of the microbiome in the modulation of cardiac fibrosis is still not clear. This study aimed to analyze the effect of the microbiome and its main metabolic product (trimethylamine-N-oxide, TMAO) in the fibrosis of myocardial tissue, to investigate its role in POAF. Patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass, central atrio-caval cannulation and no history of AFib, were included. A fragment of the right atrium was analyzed for qualitative and mRNA-quantitative evaluation. A preoperative blood sample was analyzed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A total of 100 patients have been included, with POAF occurring in 38%. Histologically, a higher degree of fibrosis, angiogenesis and inflammation has been observed in POAF. Quantitative evaluation showed increased mRNA expression of collagen-1, collagen-3, fibronectin, and transforming growth factor beta (TGFb) in the POAF group. ELISA analysis showed higher levels of TMAO, lipopolysaccharide and TGFb in POAF, with similar levels of sP-selectin and zonulin. TMAO ≥ 61.8 ng/mL (odds ratio, OR 2.88 [1.35-6.16], p = 0.006), preoperative hemoglobin < 13.1 g/dL (OR 2.37 [1.07-5.24], p = 0.033) and impaired right ventricular function (OR 2.38 [1.17-4.83], p = 0.017) were independent predictors of POAF. Also, TMAO was significantly associated with POAF by means of increased fibrosis. Gut microbiome product TMAO is crucial for myocardial fibrosis, which is a key factor for POAF. Patients in preoperative sinus rhythm who will develop POAF have increased genetic expression of pro-fibrotic genes and enhanced fibrosis in histological staining. Elevated TMAO level (≥61.8 ng/mL) is an independent risk factor for POAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Nenna
- Cardiac Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy; (C.F.); (F.L.); (O.G.); (C.M.); (R.B.); (M.C.); (M.L.)
| | - Alice Laudisio
- Internal Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy; (A.L.); (R.A.I.)
| | - Chiara Taffon
- Pathology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy; (C.T.); (A.C.)
| | - Marta Fogolari
- Clinical Laboratory, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy; (M.F.); (S.A.)
| | - Cristiano Spadaccio
- Cardiac Surgery, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA;
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lancashire Cardiac Centre, Blackpool Teaching Hospital, Blackpool FY3 8NP, UK;
| | - Chiara Ferrisi
- Cardiac Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy; (C.F.); (F.L.); (O.G.); (C.M.); (R.B.); (M.C.); (M.L.)
| | - Francesco Loreni
- Cardiac Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy; (C.F.); (F.L.); (O.G.); (C.M.); (R.B.); (M.C.); (M.L.)
| | - Omar Giacinto
- Cardiac Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy; (C.F.); (F.L.); (O.G.); (C.M.); (R.B.); (M.C.); (M.L.)
| | - Ciro Mastroianni
- Cardiac Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy; (C.F.); (F.L.); (O.G.); (C.M.); (R.B.); (M.C.); (M.L.)
| | - Raffaele Barbato
- Cardiac Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy; (C.F.); (F.L.); (O.G.); (C.M.); (R.B.); (M.C.); (M.L.)
| | - David Rose
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lancashire Cardiac Centre, Blackpool Teaching Hospital, Blackpool FY3 8NP, UK;
| | - Antonio Salsano
- Cardiac Surgery, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, University of Genoa, 16126 Genoa, Italy; (A.S.); (F.S.)
| | - Francesco Santini
- Cardiac Surgery, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, University of Genoa, 16126 Genoa, Italy; (A.S.); (F.S.)
| | - Silvia Angeletti
- Clinical Laboratory, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy; (M.F.); (S.A.)
| | - Anna Crescenzi
- Pathology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy; (C.T.); (A.C.)
| | - Raffaele Antonelli Incalzi
- Internal Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy; (A.L.); (R.A.I.)
| | - Massimo Chello
- Cardiac Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy; (C.F.); (F.L.); (O.G.); (C.M.); (R.B.); (M.C.); (M.L.)
| | - Mario Lusini
- Cardiac Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy; (C.F.); (F.L.); (O.G.); (C.M.); (R.B.); (M.C.); (M.L.)
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Mateu-Fabregat J, Mostafa H, Sanchez-Gimenez R, Peiró ÓM, Bonet G, Carrasquer A, Fragkiadakis GA, Bardaji A, Bulló M, Papandreou C. Bile Acids and Risk of Adverse Cardiovascular Events and All-Cause Mortality in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome. Nutrients 2024; 16:1062. [PMID: 38613095 PMCID: PMC11013079 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The relationship between bile acids (BAs) and adverse cardiovascular events following acute coronary syndrome (ACS) have been little investigated. We aimed to examine the associations of BAs with the risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in ACS. We conducted a prospective study on 309 ACS patients who were followed for 10 years. Plasma BAs were quantified by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Cox regression analyses with elastic net penalties were performed to associate BAs with MACE and all-cause mortality. Weighted scores were computed using the 100 iterated coefficients corresponding to each selected BA, and the associations of these scores with these adverse outcomes were assessed using multivariable Cox regression models. A panel of 10 BAs was significantly associated with the increased risk of MACE. The hazard ratio of MACE per SD increase in the estimated BA score was 1.35 (95% CI 1.12-1.63). Furthermore, four BAs were selected from the elastic net model for all-cause mortality, although their weighted score was not independently associated with mortality. Our findings indicate that primary and secondary BAs may play a significant role in the development of MACE. This insight holds potential for developing strategies to manage ACS and prevent adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Mateu-Fabregat
- Nutrition and Metabolic Health Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University (URV), 43201 Reus, Spain; (J.M.-F.); (M.B.)
- Institute of Health Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204 Reus, Spain; (R.S.-G.); (Ó.M.P.); (G.B.); (A.C.); (A.B.)
- Center of Environmental, Food and Toxicological Technology—TecnATox, Rovira i Virgili University, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Hamza Mostafa
- Nutrition and Metabolic Health Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University (URV), 43201 Reus, Spain; (J.M.-F.); (M.B.)
- Institute of Health Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204 Reus, Spain; (R.S.-G.); (Ó.M.P.); (G.B.); (A.C.); (A.B.)
- Center of Environmental, Food and Toxicological Technology—TecnATox, Rovira i Virgili University, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Raul Sanchez-Gimenez
- Institute of Health Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204 Reus, Spain; (R.S.-G.); (Ó.M.P.); (G.B.); (A.C.); (A.B.)
- Department of Cardiology, Joan XXIII University Hospital, 43005 Tarragona, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Rovira i Virgili University, 43005 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Óscar M. Peiró
- Institute of Health Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204 Reus, Spain; (R.S.-G.); (Ó.M.P.); (G.B.); (A.C.); (A.B.)
- Department of Cardiology, Joan XXIII University Hospital, 43005 Tarragona, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Rovira i Virgili University, 43005 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Gil Bonet
- Institute of Health Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204 Reus, Spain; (R.S.-G.); (Ó.M.P.); (G.B.); (A.C.); (A.B.)
- Department of Cardiology, Joan XXIII University Hospital, 43005 Tarragona, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Rovira i Virgili University, 43005 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Anna Carrasquer
- Institute of Health Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204 Reus, Spain; (R.S.-G.); (Ó.M.P.); (G.B.); (A.C.); (A.B.)
- Department of Cardiology, Joan XXIII University Hospital, 43005 Tarragona, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Rovira i Virgili University, 43005 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Georgios A. Fragkiadakis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 72300 Siteia, Greece;
| | - Alfredo Bardaji
- Institute of Health Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204 Reus, Spain; (R.S.-G.); (Ó.M.P.); (G.B.); (A.C.); (A.B.)
- Department of Cardiology, Joan XXIII University Hospital, 43005 Tarragona, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Rovira i Virgili University, 43005 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Mònica Bulló
- Nutrition and Metabolic Health Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University (URV), 43201 Reus, Spain; (J.M.-F.); (M.B.)
- Institute of Health Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204 Reus, Spain; (R.S.-G.); (Ó.M.P.); (G.B.); (A.C.); (A.B.)
- Center of Environmental, Food and Toxicological Technology—TecnATox, Rovira i Virgili University, 43201 Reus, Spain
- CIBER Physiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Christopher Papandreou
- Nutrition and Metabolic Health Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University (URV), 43201 Reus, Spain; (J.M.-F.); (M.B.)
- Institute of Health Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204 Reus, Spain; (R.S.-G.); (Ó.M.P.); (G.B.); (A.C.); (A.B.)
- Center of Environmental, Food and Toxicological Technology—TecnATox, Rovira i Virgili University, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 72300 Siteia, Greece;
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Johnson SA, Weir TL. Gut microbiome-derived secondary bile acids: therapeutic targets for reducing cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes? Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 119:241-243. [PMID: 38309821 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Johnson
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States.
| | - Tiffany L Weir
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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Luqman A, Hassan A, Ullah M, Naseem S, Ullah M, Zhang L, Din AU, Ullah K, Ahmad W, Wang G. Role of the intestinal microbiome and its therapeutic intervention in cardiovascular disorder. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1321395. [PMID: 38343539 PMCID: PMC10853344 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1321395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is a heterogeneous population of microbes comprising viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. Such a microbiome is essential for sustaining host equilibrium, and its impact on human health can be altered by a variety of factors such as external variables, social behavior, age, nutrition, and genetics. Gut microbes' imbalances are related to a variety of chronic diseases including cancer, obesity, and digestive disorders. Globally, recent findings show that intestinal microbes have a significant role in the formation of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is still the primary cause of fatalities. Atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes, inflammation, and some inherited variables are all cardiovascular risk variables. However, studies found correlations between metabolism, intestinal flora, and dietary intake. Variations in the diversity of gut microbes and changes in their activity are thought to influence CVD etiology. Furthermore, the gut microbiota acts as an endocrine organ, producing bioactive metabolites such as TMA (trimethylamine)/TMAO (trimethylamine N-oxide), SCFA (short-chain fatty acids), and bile acids, which have a substantial impact on host wellness and disease by multiple mechanisms. The purpose of this overview is to compile current evidence highlighting the intricate links between gut microbiota, metabolites, and the development of CVD. It focuses on how intestinal dysbiosis promotes CVD risk factors such as heart failure, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. This review explores the normal physiology of intestinal microbes and potential techniques for targeting gut bacteria for CVD treatment using various microbial metabolites. It also examines the significance of gut bacteria in disease treatment, including supplements, prebiotics, probiotics, antibiotic therapies, and fecal transplantation, which is an innovative approach to the management of CVD. As a result, gut bacteria and metabolic pathways become increasingly attractive as potential targets for CVD intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameer Luqman
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- JinFeng Laboratories, Chongqing, China
| | - Adil Hassan
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- JinFeng Laboratories, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nano/Micro Composite Materials and Devices, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Mehtab Ullah
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sahar Naseem
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mehraj Ullah
- School of Fermentation Engineering Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Ahmad Ud Din
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Kamran Ullah
- Department of Biology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Waqar Ahmad
- Basic Medicine Research Innovation Center for Cardiometabolic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- JinFeng Laboratories, Chongqing, China
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Hamjane N, Mechita MB, Nourouti NG, Barakat A. Gut microbiota dysbiosis -associated obesity and its involvement in cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. A systematic review. Microvasc Res 2024; 151:104601. [PMID: 37690507 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2023.104601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex, multifactorial disease caused by various factors. Recently, the role of the gut microbiota in the development of obesity and its complications has attracted increasing interest. PURPOSE This article focuses on the mechanisms by which gut microbiota dysbiosis induces insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases linked to obesity, highlighting the mechanisms explaining the role of gut microbiota dysbiosis-associated inflammation in the onset of these pathologies. METHODS A systematic study was carried out to understand and summarize the published results on this topic. More than 150 articles were included in this search, including different types of studies, consulted by an online search in English using various electronic search databases and predefined keywords related to the objectives of our study. RESULTS We have summarized the data from the articles consulted in this search, and we have found a major gut microbiota alteration in obesity, characterized by a specific decrease in butyrate-producing bacteria and the production of metabolites and components that lead to metabolic impairments and affect the progression of various diseases associated with obesity through distinct signaling pathways, including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). We have also focused on the major role of inflammation as a link between gut microbiota dysbiosis and obesity-associated metabolic complications by explaining the mechanisms involved. CONCLUSION Gut microbiota dysbiosis plays a crucial role in the development of various obesity-related metabolic abnormalities, among them type 2 diabetes and CVD, and represents a major challenge for chronic disease prevention and health. Indeed, the intestinal microbiota appears to be a promising target for the nutritional or therapeutic management of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Hamjane
- Research Team in Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Faculty of Sciences and Technology of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Morocco.
| | - Mohcine Bennani Mechita
- Research Team in Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Faculty of Sciences and Technology of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Morocco
| | - Naima Ghailani Nourouti
- Research Team in Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Faculty of Sciences and Technology of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Morocco
| | - Amina Barakat
- Research Team in Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Faculty of Sciences and Technology of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Morocco
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Xing Y, Yan L, Li X, Xu Z, Wu X, Gao H, Chen Y, Ma X, Liu J, Zhang J. The relationship between atrial fibrillation and NLRP3 inflammasome: a gut microbiota perspective. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1273524. [PMID: 38077349 PMCID: PMC10703043 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1273524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common clinical arrhythmia whose pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated, and the inflammatory response plays an important role in the development of AF. The inflammasome is an important component of innate immunity and is involved in a variety of pathophysiologic processes. The NLRP3 inflammasome is by far the best studied and validated inflammasome that recognizes multiple pathogens through pattern recognition receptors of innate immunity and mediates inflammatory responses through activation of Caspase-1. Several studies have shown that NLRP3 inflammasome activation contributes to the onset and development of AF. Ecological dysregulation of the gut microbiota has been associated with the development of AF, and some evidence suggests that gut microbiota components, functional byproducts, or metabolites may induce or exacerbate the development of AF by directly or indirectly modulating the NLRP3 inflammasome. In this review, we report on the interconnection of NLRP3 inflammasomes and gut microbiota and whether this association is related to the onset and persistence of AF. We discuss the potential value of pharmacological and dietary induction in the management of AF in the context of the association between the NLRP3 inflammasome and gut microbiota. It is hoped that this review will lead to new therapeutic targets for the future management of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxuan Xing
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Longmei Yan
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoya Li
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijie Xu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xianyu Wu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Huirong Gao
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yiduo Chen
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojuan Ma
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangang Liu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingchun Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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9
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Papandreou C. Nutrition, Metabolites, and Human Health. Nutrients 2023; 15:4286. [PMID: 37836568 PMCID: PMC10574397 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of metabolomics and related "omics" techniques allows for the identification of a vast array of molecules within biospecimens [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Papandreou
- Institute of Health Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204 Reus, Spain;
- Nutrition and Metabolic Health Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University (URV), 43201 Reus, Spain
- Center of Environmental, Food and Toxicological Technology—(TecnATox), Rovira i Virgili University, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University (HMU), 72300 Siteia, Greece
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10
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Mao M, Zhai C, Qian G. Gut microbiome relationship with arrhythmias and conduction blocks: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. J Electrocardiol 2023; 80:155-161. [PMID: 37422943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Past research based on observations has suggested that the gut microbiome (GM) could play a role in developing arrhythmias and conduction blocks. Nonetheless, the nature of this association remains uncertain due to the potential for reverse causation and confounding factors in observational research. The aim of this investigation is to elucidate the causal relationship between GM and the development of arrhythmias as well as conduction blocks. METHODS This study collected summary statistics regarding GM, arrhythmias, and conduction blocks. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was carried out employing various methods, with inverse variance weighted being the primary approach, followed by weighted median, simple mode, MR-Egger, and MR-PRESSO. Moreover, the MR findings were corroborated through multiple sensitivity analyses. RESULTS Among them, for atrial fibrillation and flutter (AF), phylum_Actinobacteria and genus_RuminococcaceaeUCG004 demonstrated a negative correlation, while order_Pasteurellales, family_Pasteurellaceae, and genus_Turicibacter were associated with an increased risk. In the case of paroxysmal tachycardia (PT), genus_Holdemania and genus_Roseburia were found to reduce risk. For atrioventricular block (AVB), order_Bifidobacteriales, family_Bifidobacteriaceae, and genus_Alistipes exhibited a negative correlation, whereas genus_CandidatusSoleaferrea showed a positive correlation. Concerning the left bundle-branch block (LBBB), family_Peptococcaceae appeared to decrease the risk, while genus_Flavonifractor was linked to an increased risk. Lastly, no causative GM was identified in the right bundle-branch block (RBBB) context. CONCLUSION We have uncovered potential causal links between some GM, arrhythmias, and conduction blocks. This insight may aid in designing microbiome-based interventions for these conditions and their risk factors in future trials. Additionally, it could facilitate the discovery of novel biomarkers for targeted prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- MengHui Mao
- Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Ave, Longzihu, Bengbu, Anhui, China; First Hospital of Jiaxing, No. 1882, Zhonghuan South Road, Nanhu District, Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - ChangLin Zhai
- First Hospital of Jiaxing, No. 1882, Zhonghuan South Road, Nanhu District, Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Gang Qian
- Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Ave, Longzihu, Bengbu, Anhui, China; First Hospital of Jiaxing, No. 1882, Zhonghuan South Road, Nanhu District, Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province, China.
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11
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Dan L, Yuan S, Ruan X, Sun Y, Fu T, Chen J, Li X. Higher Adherence to Cardioprotective Diet is Associated with Reduced Risk of Enterotomy and All-Cause Mortality among 5549 Individuals with Inflammatory Bowel Disease in a Prospective Cohort Study. J Nutr 2023; 153:2291-2297. [PMID: 37354980 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cardioprotective diet has been previously reported to be inversely associated with the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but whether it is beneficial to improve adverse outcomes in IBD remains unknown. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate whether the cardioprotective diet is associated with enterotomy and all-cause mortality among individuals with IBD. METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort study of 5549 participants with IBD from the UK Biobank. Cardioprotective diet scores (range 0-7) were calculated based on the consumption of 7 common food groups collected by a validated food frequency questionnaire. Outcomes of interest were enterotomy and all-cause mortality, ascertained via inpatient data and death registry, respectively. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS During an average follow-up duration of 12.0 y, we documented 506 enterotomy and 566 death events. Compared with participants with the lowest adherence to the cardioprotective diet (score of 0-2), participants with the highest adherence to the cardioprotective diet (score of 5-7) were observed to have a lower risk of enterotomy (HR: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.47, 0.76; P < 0.001; P-trend < 0.001) and all-cause mortality (HR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.61, 0.98; P = 0.031; P-trend = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS A greater adherence to the cardioprotective diet is associated with a lower risk of enterotomy and all-cause mortality among individuals with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lintao Dan
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xixian Ruan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuhao Sun
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tian Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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12
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Lei C, Zhang X, Chen E, Lin L, Zhou Z, Wang Z, Liu T, Liu Z. Compositional alterations of the gut microbiota in acute myocardial infarction patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2023; 11:317. [PMID: 37405000 PMCID: PMC10316093 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-3521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a risk factor for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and a common comorbidity in patients with AMI. T2DM doubles the fatality rate of patients with AMI in the acute phase of AMI and the follow-up period. However, the mechanisms by which T2DM increases the fatality rate remain unknown. This study sought to investigate changes in the gut microbiota of patients with AMI and T2DM (AMIDM) to extend understandings of the relative mechanisms from the aspects of gut microbiota. Methods Patients were recruited and divided into 2 groups comprising 15 patients with AMIDM and 15 patients with AMI but without T2DM (AMINDM). Their stool samples and clinical information were collected. 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing was used to analyze the structure and composition of the gut microbiota based on the operational taxonomic units. Results A significant difference was observed in the gut microbiota β diversity between the 2 groups. At the phylum level, the AMIDM patients showed an increase in the abundance of Firmicutes and a decrease in the abundance of Bacteroidetes compared to the AMINDM patients. At the genus level, the AMIDM patients showed an increase in the abundance of Companilactobacillus, Defluvitaleaceae UCG-011 and UCG-009, and a decrease in the abundance of Phascolarctobacterium and CAG 56 compared to the AMINDM patients. At the species level, the AMIDM patients showed an increase in the abundance of species unclassified NK4A214 group, Bacteroides clarus, Coprococcus comes, unclassified Defluviltaleaceae UCG-011, uncultured rumen bacterium, unclassified CAG 56, Barnesiella intestinihominis, Lachnospiraceae bacterium, Bacteroides nordii, unclassified UCG-009, and the Family XIII AD3011 group compared to the AMINDM patients. The gut microbiota function predictions indicated that the nucleotide metabolism-related pathway was significantly more increase in the patients with AMIDM than those with AMINDM. Additionally, the patients with AMIDM showed an increase in gram-positive bacteria and a decrease in the proportion of gram-negative bacteria. Our correlation analysis results on the gut microbiota and clinical parameters might extend understandings of the progression of AMI. Conclusions Changes in the gut microbiota composition of patients with AMIDM affect the severity of the metabolic disturbance and may be responsible for poorer clinical outcomes and worse disease progression in patients with AMIDM compared to those with AMINDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Lei
- Department of Internal Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Enyue Chen
- Department of Neurology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ludan Lin
- Department of General Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhimo Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Innovation Centre for Advanced Interdisciplinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- Innovation Centre for Advanced Interdisciplinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People’s Hospital), Dongguan, China
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Abstract
Cardiometabolic disease comprises cardiovascular and metabolic dysfunction and underlies the leading causes of morbidity and mortality, both within the United States and worldwide. Commensal microbiota are implicated in the development of cardiometabolic disease. Evidence suggests that the microbiome is relatively variable during infancy and early childhood, becoming more fixed in later childhood and adulthood. Effects of microbiota, both during early development, and in later life, may induce changes in host metabolism that modulate risk mechanisms and predispose toward the development of cardiometabolic disease. In this review, we summarize the factors that influence gut microbiome composition and function during early life and explore how changes in microbiota and microbial metabolism influence host metabolism and cardiometabolic risk throughout life. We highlight limitations in current methodology and approaches and outline state-of-the-art advances, which are improving research and building toward refined diagnosis and treatment options in microbiome-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis L Gabriel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (C.L.G.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville
- Tennessee Center for AIDS Research (C.L.G.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville
| | - Jane F Ferguson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.F.F.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville
- Vanderbilt Microbiome Innovation Center (J.F.F.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.F.F.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville
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Papandreou C. New evidence for the role of gut microbiota on atrial fibrillation development. EBioMedicine 2023; 92:104622. [PMID: 37182267 PMCID: PMC10197004 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Papandreou
- Institute of Health Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain; Nutrition and Metabolic Health Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University (URV), Reus, Spain; Center of Environmental, Food and Toxicological Technology - TecnATox, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain.
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15
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Chen S, Tu M, Shi J, Hu X. Changes of Intestinal Flora in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and Its Correlation with Cardiovascular Risk Factors. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2023; 24:110. [PMID: 39076278 PMCID: PMC11273065 DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2404110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Based on the 16S rDNA sequence, intestinal flora changes in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients were monitored, the correlation between the changes and CHA 2 DS 2 - VAS C score was analyzed, and the possible related factors affecting the changes of intestinal flora were investigated. Methods According to the inclusion criteria, 53 AF patients were selected as atrial fibrillation group (Group AF), detection of C-reactive protein (CRP), homocysteine (Hcy), total bile acid (TBA), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), High-sensitivity cardiac troponin (Hs-cTn) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were accomplished. A total of 29 healthy subjects who underwent physical examination with matched gender and age were selected as the healthy group (Group H), and the same examinations as in Group AF were handled. Structural composition of intestinal flora was detected and analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing technology. Flora differences between Group AF and Group H were counted, and the correlation analysis among age, Hs-cTn, CRP, TBA, Hcy, BNP and LVEF were explored. Meanwhile, CHA 2 DS 2 - VAS C score of 53 AF patients was fulfilled, then patients were divided into three subgroups according to different scores, namely: 0 point (AF-0, n = 9), 1 point (AF-1, n = 15), ≥ 2 points (AF-2, n = 29). Finally, the correlation of intestinal flora differences and CHA 2 DS 2 - VAS C scores were analyzed. Results In terms of Alpha diversity, compared with the control group, the abundance and diversity of flora in Group AF were observably reduced. However, at phylum and class level, there was no notable difference in community structure between Group AF and Group H (p > 0.05). Further statistics revealed that the composition and abundance of intestinal flora in Group AF were prominently different from those in Group H at phylum, class, order and family levels, which were correlated with CRP and LVEF. Additionally, bioinformatics analysis comparison was performed on three CHA 2 DS 2 - VAS C score subgroups of Group AF with Group H. It was reported that at phylum level, the relative abundance of Firmicutes in Group AF-2 and Chloroflexi in Group H was higher. At class level, the relative abundance of Sphingobacteriia, Flavobacteriia and Alphaproteobacteria was higher in group H. At order level, the relative abundance of Sphingobacteriales, Micrococcales, Flavobacteriales, Sphingobacteriales and Rhizobiales in group H was higher. At family level, the relative abundance of Sphingobacteriaceae, Flavobacteriaceae and Clostridiaceae in group H was higher. At genus level, the relative abundance of Sphingobacterium in group H, Clostridiumsensustricto-1 in Group AF-2, Dialister and Allisonella in Group AF-1, and Prevotella-9 in Group AF-0 were higher. Conclusions There were changes in the relative abundance of intestinal flora at phylum, class, order and family levels, which was concerned with LVEF and CRP value, whereas Alpha diversity index of the flora decreased. The composition and relative abundance of intestinal flora varied in AF patients with CHA 2 DS 2 - VAS C scores of 0, 1, and ≥ 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Chen
- Department of General Practice, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University, Shulan International Medical College, 310000 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mingyue Tu
- Department of General Practice, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University, Shulan International Medical College, 310000 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaran Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310000 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaosheng Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310000 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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16
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Modulation of Endothelial Function by TMAO, a Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolite. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065806. [PMID: 36982880 PMCID: PMC10054148 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial function is essential in the maintenance of systemic homeostasis, whose modulation strictly depends on the proper activity of tissue-specific angiocrine factors on the physiopathological mechanisms acting at both single and multi-organ levels. Several angiocrine factors take part in the vascular function itself by modulating vascular tone, inflammatory response, and thrombotic state. Recent evidence has outlined a strong relationship between endothelial factors and gut microbiota-derived molecules. In particular, the direct involvement of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) in the development of endothelial dysfunction and its derived pathological outcomes, such as atherosclerosis, has come to light. Indeed, the role of TMAO in the modulation of factors strictly related to the development of endothelial dysfunction, such as nitric oxide, adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and selectins), and IL-6, has been widely accepted. The aim of this review is to present the latest studies that describe a direct role of TMAO in the modulation of angiocrine factors primarily involved in the development of vascular pathologies.
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Gut Microbiota-Derived TMAO: A Causal Factor Promoting Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031940. [PMID: 36768264 PMCID: PMC9916030 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is the main diet-induced metabolite produced by the gut microbiota, and it is mainly eliminated through renal excretion. TMAO has been correlated with an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and related complications, such as cardiovascular mortality or major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Meta-analyses have postulated that high circulating TMAO levels are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality, but the link between TMAO and CVD remains not fully consistent. The results of prospective studies vary depending on the target population and the outcome studied, and the adjustment for renal function tends to decrease or reverse the significant association between TMAO and the outcome studied, strongly suggesting that the association is substantially mediated by renal function. Importantly, one Mendelian randomization study did not find a significant association between genetically predicted higher TMAO levels and cardiometabolic disease, but another found a positive causal relationship between TMAO levels and systolic blood pressure, which-at least in part-could explain the link with renal function. The mechanisms by which TMAO can increase this risk are not clearly elucidated, but current evidence indicates that TMAO induces cholesterol metabolism alterations, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and platelet activation. Overall, there is no fully conclusive evidence that TMAO is a causal factor of ASCVD, and, especially, whether TMAO induces or just is a marker of hypertension and renal dysfunction requires further study.
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Linz D, Schnabel RB. Gut microbiota-derived metabolites in atrial fibrillation: risk markers or modifiable risk factors? Heart 2023:heartjnl-2022-321806. [PMID: 36593096 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2022-321806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Linz
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Zhen J, Zhou Z, He M, Han HX, Lv EH, Wen PB, Liu X, Wang YT, Cai XC, Tian JQ, Zhang MY, Xiao L, Kang XX. The gut microbial metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide and cardiovascular diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1085041. [PMID: 36824355 PMCID: PMC9941174 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1085041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are exceedingly high worldwide. Researchers have found that the occurrence and development of CVDs are closely related to intestinal microecology. Imbalances in intestinal microecology caused by changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota will eventually alter intestinal metabolites, thus transforming the host physiological state from healthy mode to pathological mode. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is produced from the metabolism of dietary choline and L-carnitine by intestinal microbiota, and many studies have shown that this important product inhibits cholesterol metabolism, induces platelet aggregation and thrombosis, and promotes atherosclerosis. TMAO is directly or indirectly involved in the pathogenesis of CVDs and is an important risk factor affecting the occurrence and even prognosis of CVDs. This review presents the biological and chemical characteristics of TMAO, and the process of TMAO produced by gut microbiota. In particular, the review focuses on summarizing how the increase of gut microbial metabolite TMAO affects CVDs including atherosclerosis, heart failure, hypertension, arrhythmia, coronary artery disease, and other CVD-related diseases. Understanding the mechanism of how increases in TMAO promotes CVDs will potentially facilitate the identification and development of targeted therapy for CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhen
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medical Informatics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medical Informatics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng He
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medical Informatics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hai-Xiang Han
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medical Informatics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - En-Hui Lv
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medical Informatics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng-Bo Wen
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medical Informatics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medical Informatics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan-Ting Wang
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xun-Chao Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia-Qi Tian
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medical Informatics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng-Ying Zhang
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medical Informatics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Xiao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Xing-Xing Kang, ; Lei Xiao,
| | - Xing-Xing Kang
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medical Informatics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Xing-Xing Kang, ; Lei Xiao,
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Wen Y, Sun Z, Xie S, Hu Z, Lan Q, Sun Y, Yuan L, Zhai C. Intestinal Flora Derived Metabolites Affect the Occurrence and Development of Cardiovascular Disease. J Multidiscip Healthc 2022; 15:2591-2603. [PMID: 36388628 PMCID: PMC9656419 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s367591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, increasing evidence has shown that the gut microbiota and their metabolites play a pivotal role in human health and diseases, especially the cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Intestinal flora imbalance (changes in the composition and function of intestinal flora) accelerates the progression of CVDs. The intestinal flora breaks down the food ingested by the host into a series of metabolically active products, including trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), primary and secondary bile acids, tryptophan and indole derivatives, phenylacetylglutamine (PAGln) and branched chain amino acids (BCAA). These metabolites participate in the occurrence and development of CVDs via abnormally activating these signaling pathways more swiftly when the gut barrier integrity is broken down. This review focuses on the production and metabolism of TMAO and SCFAs. At the same time, we summarize the roles of intestinal flora metabolites in the occurrence and development of coronary heart disease and hypertension, pulmonary hypertension and other CVDs. The theories of "gut-lung axis" and "gut-heart axis" are provided, aiming to explore the potential targets for the treatment of CVDs based on the roles of the intestinal flora in the CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinuo Wen
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, People’s Republic of China
- The First Clinical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zefan Sun
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuoyin Xie
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, People’s Republic of China
- The First Clinical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zixuan Hu
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, People’s Republic of China
- The First Clinical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qicheng Lan
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, People’s Republic of China
- The First Clinical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yupeng Sun
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, People’s Republic of China
- The First Clinical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linbo Yuan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changlin Zhai
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, People’s Republic of China
- The First Clinical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, People’s Republic of China
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Sanchez-Gimenez R, Peiró ÓM, Bonet G, Carrasquer A, Fragkiadakis GA, Bulló M, Papandreou C, Bardaji A. Plasma trimethylamine-N-oxide, its precursors and risk of cardiovascular events in patients with acute coronary syndrome: Mediating effects of renal function. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1000815. [PMID: 36211587 PMCID: PMC9532606 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1000815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims To examine associations of the gut microbial metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and its precursors with risk of cardiovascular events in acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and determine whether these associations were mediated by renal function. Methods In this prospective cohort study, we included 309 patients with ACS. During a mean follow-up of 6.7 years, 131 patients developed major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (myocardial infarction, hospitalization for heart failure, and all-cause mortality). Plasma concentrations of TMAO, trimethylamine (TMA), choline, betaine, dimethylglycine and L-carnitine were profiled by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Hazard ratios were estimated with multivariable Cox regression models. The mediating role of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was tested under a counterfactual framework. Results After adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors and medications, participants in the highest tertile vs. the lowest tertile of baseline TMAO and dimethylglycine concentrations had a higher risk of MACE [(HR: 1.83; 95% CI: 1.08, 3.09) and (HR: 2.26; 95% CI: 1.17, 3.99), respectively]. However, with regards to TMAO these associations were no longer significant, whereas for dimethylglycine, the associations were attenuated after additional adjustment for eGFR. eGFR mediated the associations of TMAO (58%) and dimethylglycine (32%) with MACE incidence. The associations between dimethylglycine and incident MACE were confirmed in an internal validation. No significant associations were found for TMA, choline, betaine and L-carnitine. Conclusion These findings suggest that renal function may be a key mediator in the association of plasma TMAO with the development of cardiovascular events after ACS. The present findings also support a role of dimethylglycine in the pathogenesis of MACE, which may be mediated, at least partially, by renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Sanchez-Gimenez
- Department of Cardiology, Joan XXIII University Hospital, Tarragona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Óscar M. Peiró
- Department of Cardiology, Joan XXIII University Hospital, Tarragona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Gil Bonet
- Department of Cardiology, Joan XXIII University Hospital, Tarragona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Anna Carrasquer
- Department of Cardiology, Joan XXIII University Hospital, Tarragona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Georgios A. Fragkiadakis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University (HMU), Siteia, Greece
| | - Mònica Bulló
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christopher Papandreou
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
- *Correspondence: Christopher Papandreou
| | - Alfredo Bardaji
- Department of Cardiology, Joan XXIII University Hospital, Tarragona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
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