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Guo L, Sun Y, Wang M, Liu Y, Wang Z, Wang Z. Phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of Cannabis sativa fruit (Cannabis Fructus). Fitoterapia 2024; 179:106214. [PMID: 39278423 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 09/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
Cannabis sativa fruit (Cannabis Fructus) refers to the dried and ripe fruit of Cannabis sativa L. It is widely distributed in the northeast, North, and South China. It has medicinal, ecological, and economic values. This study aimed to review the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Cannabis Fructus, providing a reference for further exploration of Cannabis Fructus. Comprehensive information on Cannabis Fructus was collected via electronic searches (e.g., Google Scholar, PubMed, Sci Finder, and Web of Science) and from books on phytochemistry. Cannabis Fructus contains various compounds such as phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, steroids and terpenoids, cannabinoids, fatty acids, alkaloids, phenanthrenes, proteins, and polysaccharides. Its active ingredients exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-aging, anti-fatigue, anti-tumor, anti-constipation, neuroprotective, lipoid-regulating, hepatoprotective, and immunomodulatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijia Guo
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Aita SE, Montone CM, Taglioni E, Capriotti AL. Hempseed protein-derived short- and medium-chain peptides and their multifunctional properties. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2024; 110:275-325. [PMID: 38906589 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Nowadays, the growing knowledge about the high nutritional value and potential functionality of hempseeds, the edible fruits of the Cannabis sativa L. plant, has sparked a surge in interest in exploring the worthwhile attributes of hempseed proteins and peptides. This trend aligns with the increasing popularity of hemp-based food, assuming a vital role in the global food chain. This chapter targets the nutritional and chemical composition of hempseed in terms of short- and medium-chain bioactive peptides. The analytical approaches for their characterization and multifunctional properties are summarized in detail. Moreover, the processing, functionality, and application of various hempseed protein products are discussed. In the final part of the chapter-for evaluating their propensity to be transported by intestinal cells-the transepithelial transport of peptides within hempseed protein hydrolysate is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Elsa Aita
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Enrico Taglioni
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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3
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Zhu Y, Wang K, Jia X, Fu C, Yu H, Wang Y. Antioxidant peptides, the guardian of life from oxidative stress. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:275-364. [PMID: 37621230 DOI: 10.1002/med.21986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced during oxidative metabolism in aerobic organisms. Under normal conditions, ROS production and elimination are in a relatively balanced state. However, under internal or external environmental stress, such as high glucose levels or UV radiation, ROS production can increase significantly, leading to oxidative stress. Excess ROS production not only damages biomolecules but is also closely associated with the pathogenesis of many diseases, such as skin photoaging, diabetes, and cancer. Antioxidant peptides (AOPs) are naturally occurring or artificially designed peptides that can reduce the levels of ROS and other pro-oxidants, thus showing great potential in the treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases. In this review, we discussed ROS production and its role in inducing oxidative stress-related diseases in humans. Additionally, we discussed the sources, mechanism of action, and evaluation methods of AOPs and provided directions for future studies on AOPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Zhu
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyi Jia
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Food Science and Technology Center, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Caili Fu
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haining Yu
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yipeng Wang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Moreira J, Machado M, Dias-Teixeira M, Ferraz R, Delerue-Matos C, Grosso C. The neuroprotective effect of traditional Chinese medicinal plants-A critical review. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:3208-3237. [PMID: 37655317 PMCID: PMC10465969 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases are increasingly affecting individuals' quality of life, thus increasing their cost to social and health systems. These diseases have overlapping mechanisms, such as oxidative stress, protein aggregation, neuroinflammation, neurotransmission impairment, mitochondrial dysfunction, and excitotoxicity. Currently, there is no cure for neurodegenerative diseases, and the available therapies have adverse effects and low efficacy. For neuropsychiatric disorders, such as depression, the current therapies are not adequate to one-third of the patients, the so-called treatment-resistant patients. So, searching for new treatments is fundamental. Medicinal plants appear as a strong alternative and complement towards new treatment protocols, as they have been used for health purposes for thousands of years. Thus, the main goal of this review is to revisit the neuroprotective potential of some of the most predominant medicinal plants (and one fungus) used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), focusing on their proven mechanisms of action and their chemical compositions, to give clues on how they can be useful against neurodegeneration progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Moreira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto 4249-015, Portugal
| | - Mariana Machado
- Ciências Químicas e das Biomoléculas/CISA, Escola Superior de Saúde—Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto 4200-072, Portugal
| | - Mónica Dias-Teixeira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto 4249-015, Portugal
- NICiTeS—Núcleo de Investigação em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Escola Superior de Saúde Ribeiro Sanches, Lisboa 1950-396, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Ferraz
- Ciências Químicas e das Biomoléculas/CISA, Escola Superior de Saúde—Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto 4200-072, Portugal
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto 4249-015, Portugal
| | - Clara Grosso
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto 4249-015, Portugal
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Ashaolu TJ, Le TD, Suttikhana I, Olatunji OJ, Farag MA. RETRACTED: Hemp bioactive peptides: Nutrition, functional properties and action mechanisms to maximize their nutraceutical applications and future prospects. Food Chem 2023; 414:135691. [PMID: 36808030 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This review article has been retracted at the request of the Editor in Chief and authors. The article has been retracted as it duplicates several figures from a paper that had already appeared in Trends in Food Science & Technology, Volume 127, September 2022, Pages 303-318, without giving appropriate credit to this paper. One of the conditions of submission of a paper for publication is that authors declare explicitly that their work is original and has not appeared in a publication elsewhere. Re-use of any data should be appropriately cited. As such this article falls short of the scientific quality requirement of the journal. The third author admits responsibility for the oversight and wishes to apologize to the readers and editors of Food Chemistry for the inconvenience. The scientific community takes a very strong view on this matter and apologies are offered to readers of the journal that this was not detected during the submission process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thanh-Do Le
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Itthanan Suttikhana
- Department of Multifunctional Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Opeyemi Joshua Olatunji
- African Genome Center, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St., P.B. 11562, Cairo, Egypt.
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Munteanu C, Mihai M, Dulf F, Ona A, Muntean L, Ranga F, Urdă C, Pop D, Mihaiescu T, Mârza SM, Papuc I. Biochemical Changes Induced by the Administration of Cannabis sativa Seeds in Diabetic Wistar Rats. Nutrients 2023; 15:2944. [PMID: 37447270 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The present pilot study investigates the blood biochemical changes induced by hemp seeds in rats with diabetes. The composition of industrial hemp seeds, antioxidant activity, identification and quantification of phenols and fatty acids from hemp oil were determined. The Wistar adult rats used in the experiment were divided into three groups (n = 6) and kept under standard conditions. Group one, the control group (individuals without diabetes), and group two (diabetic individuals) received water and normal food ad libitum, while the third group, also including diabetic individuals, received specific food (hemp seeds) and water ad libitum. Subsequent blood biochemical parameters were determined. Hemp seeds had higher phenol (14 compounds), flavonoids and PUFA contents compared to other plants seeds. In addition, the antioxidant activity in Cannabis sativa was also increased. Moreover, the ratio between n-6 and n-3 was 4.41, ideal for different diseases. Additionally, all biochemical parameters showed significant changes following the treatment. It was shown that high doses of hemp seeds decreased diabetes-induced biochemical damage in rats most probably due to the high content of active compounds. In order to use these seeds in humans, it is essential to find out which hemp compounds are particularly responsible for these effects. Moreover, for the objective investigation of their effects, longer-term studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camelia Munteanu
- Department of Plant Culture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihaela Mihai
- Department of Transversal Competencies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Francisc Dulf
- Department of Environmental and Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andreea Ona
- Department of Plant Culture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Leon Muntean
- Department of Plant Culture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Floricuța Ranga
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Camelia Urdă
- Agricultural Research Development Station Turda, 27 Agriculturii Street, 401100 Turda, Romania
| | - Daria Pop
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology II "Dominic Stanca", University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hațieganu" Cluj-Napoca, Victor Babeș 8, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Tania Mihaiescu
- Department of Environmental and Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sorin Marian Mârza
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ionel Papuc
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Santos-Sánchez G, Aiello G, Rivardo F, Bartolomei M, Bollati C, Arnoldi A, Cruz-Chamorro I, Lammi C. Antioxidant Effect Assessment and Trans Epithelial Analysis of New Hempseed Protein Hydrolysates. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051099. [PMID: 37237964 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hempseed (Cannabis sativa) is one of the most promising sources of plant proteins. It contains approximately 24% (w/w) protein, and edestin accounts for approximately 60-80% (w/w) of its total proteins. In a framework of research aimed at fostering the proteins recovered from the press cake by-products generated after the extraction of hempseed oil, two hempseed protein hydrolysates (HH1 and HH2) were produced at an industrial level using a mixture of different enzymes from Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, and Bacillus licheniformis for different times (5 h and 18 h). Using a combination of different direct antioxidant tests (DPPH, TEAC, FRAP, and ORAC assays, respectively), it has been demonstrated that HHs exert potent, direct antioxidant activity. A crucial feature of bioactive peptides is their intestinal bioavailability; for this reason, in order to solve this peculiar issue, the ability of HH peptides to be transported by differentiated human intestinal Caco-2 cells has been evaluated. Notably, by using mass spectrometry analysis (HPLC Chip ESI-MS/MS), the stable peptides transported by intestinal cells have been identified, and dedicated experiments confirmed that the trans-epithelial transported HH peptide mixtures retain their antioxidant activity, suggesting that these hempseed hydrolysates may be considered sustainable antioxidant ingredients to be exploited for further application, i.e., nutraceutical and/or food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Santos-Sánchez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Gilda Aiello
- Department of Human Science and Quality of Life Promotion, Telematic University San Raffaele, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Rivardo
- A. Costantino & C. Spa, Via Francesco Romana 11-15, 10083 Favria, Italy
| | - Martina Bartolomei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Carlotta Bollati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Arnoldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Ivan Cruz-Chamorro
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Carmen Lammi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
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8
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Enzymatic Modification of Plant Proteins for Improved Functional and Bioactive Properties. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-022-02971-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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9
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Mohammadrezaei A, Kavakeb A, Abbasalizad-Farhangi M, Mesgari-Abbasi M. Effects of hemp seed alone and combined with aerobic exercise on metabolic parameters, oxidative stress, and neurotrophic factors in young sedentary men. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14417. [PMID: 36114824 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Hemp seed and physical activity (PA) have many benefits for the metabolic and brain health of the body. This study investigated the effects of hemp seed alone and aerobic exercise on metabolic markers, oxidative stress, and neurotrophic factors in young sedentary men. This double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial was conducted on 48 sedentary young men in Tabriz, Iran, from April to August. The researcher in this study randomized all participants into four groups, including (1) hemp seed, (2) hemp seed + PA, (3) PA + placebo, and (4) placebo. Hemp seed supplement was administered in two 1-g capsules daily, and aerobic PA was performed a week thrice. Levels of anthropometric indices, dietary intake, antioxidant markers, lipid profile, fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (QUICKI), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neuropeptide Y (NPY), balance, reaction time, and sit-ups were evaluated for all participants at baseline and post-intervention. We used ANOVA and ANCOVA analysis to compare oxidative stress and neurotropic factors in all intervention groups. If the distribution of the response variable was not normal, the non-parametric equivalent of these tests was used (Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis tests). We performed all statistical analyzes using SPSS software version 23, and the significance level was considered 0.05 in all the statistical tests. Aerobic PA with hemp seed consumption caused a significant difference in weight, body mass index, fat mass, high-density lipoprotein, catalase, and BDNF compared with baseline. Also, aerobic PA alone caused significant changes in body weight, fat mass, and triglyceride compared with baseline. Consumption of hemp seeds alone caused a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein levels compared with baseline. At the end of the study, fat mass, total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins, and BDNF were significantly different between the groups. According to our results, aerobic PA combined with hemp seed consumption may improve anthropometric indices, lipid profile, and BDNF and improve health outcomes like cardiovascular comorbidities, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: A sedentary lifestyle has numerous health-threatening consequences like cardiovascular comorbidities, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance. The importance of physical activity (PA) in improving these clinical manifestations is well-known; however, the potential benefits of herbal therapy combined with PA in reducing the side effects of a sedentary lifestyle have not been well studied. In the current research, we evaluated the benefits of hemp seed alone and combined with aerobic exercise on metabolic markers, oxidative stress, and neurotrophic factors in young sedentary men for the first time. According to our results, aerobic PA combined with hemp seed consumption improved anthropometric indices, lipid profile, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor among young sedentary men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mohammadrezaei
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Kavakeb
- Department of Sport Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Kharazmi, Tehran, Iran
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Antioxidant Properties of Hemp Proteins: From Functional Food to Phytotherapy and Beyond. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227924. [PMID: 36432024 PMCID: PMC9693028 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the oldest plants cultivated by humans, hemp used to be banned in the United States but returned as a legal crop in 2018. Since then, the United States has become the leading hemp producer in the world. Currently, hemp attracts increasing attention from consumers and scientists as hemp products provide a wide spectrum of potential functions. Particularly, bioactive peptides derived from hemp proteins have been proven to be strong antioxidants, which is an extremely hot research topic in recent years. However, some controversial disputes and unknown issues are still underway to be explored and verified in the aspects of technique, methodology, characteristic, mechanism, application, caution, etc. Therefore, this review focusing on the antioxidant properties of hemp proteins is necessary to discuss the multiple critical issues, including in vitro structure-modifying techniques and antioxidant assays, structure-activity relationships of antioxidant peptides, pre-clinical studies on hemp proteins and pathogenesis-related molecular mechanisms, usage and potential hazard, and novel advanced techniques involving bioinformatics methodology (QSAR, PPI, GO, KEGG), proteomic analysis, and genomics analysis, etc. Taken together, the antioxidant potential of hemp proteins may provide both functional food benefits and phytotherapy efficacy to human health.
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11
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Hempseed (Cannabis sativa) protein hydrolysates: A valuable source of bioactive peptides with pleiotropic health-promoting effects. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Burnett CL, Boyer IJ, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Hill RA, Klaassen CD, Liebler DC, Marks JG, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Heldreth B. Safety Assessment of Plant-Derived Proteins and Peptides as Used in Cosmetics. Int J Toxicol 2022; 41:5S-20S. [PMID: 35604030 DOI: 10.1177/10915818221100700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) reviewed the safety of 19 plant-derived proteins and peptides, which function mainly as skin and/or hair conditioning agents in personal care products. The Panel concluded that 18 plant-derived proteins and peptides are safe as used in the present practices of use and concentration as described in this safety assessment, while the data on Hydrolyzed Maple Sycamore Protein are insufficient to determine safety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ronald A Hill
- Former Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Member
| | | | | | - James G Marks
- Former Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Member
| | - Ronald C Shank
- Former Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Member
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13
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Aguchem RN, Okagu IU, Okagu OD, Ndefo JC, Udenigwe CC. A review on the techno‐functional, biological, and health‐promoting properties of hempseed‐derived proteins and peptides. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14127. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Ngozi Aguchem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria
| | | | - Ogadimma Desmond Okagu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Joseph Chinedum Ndefo
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Physical Sciences University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria
| | - Chibuike C. Udenigwe
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario Canada
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario Canada
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14
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Hemp Growth Factors and Extraction Methods Effect on Antimicrobial Activity of Hemp Seed Oil: A Systematic Review. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8100183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The bioactive Hemp Seed Oil (HSO) is becoming very popular in the medical and research fields due to its antimicrobial properties against several diseases caused by bacteria and fungi. However, the effect of hemp-growing factors and extraction methods on the bioactivity of HSO does not receive adequate research attention. Therefore, this review aims to investigate the effect of growth factors and extraction methods on the antimicrobial activity of HSO. Articles were retrieved from Google Scholar and the Scopus database and screened against inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study revealed that HSO prefers warm climates and favorable humidity ranging from 20 to 39 °C and 79–100% per year, respectively, and rainfall of 324 mm daily. The multivariate linear regression shown excellent prediction (R2 = 0.94) with climates upon Zone of Growth Inhibition (ZGI) of Gram-positive bacteria. Temperature is the strongest predictor (p < 0.01) followed by humidity and rainfall (p < 0.05). Furthermore, well-drained loam soil rich in organic matter seems to stimulate the antimicrobial activity of HSO. The major constituents that influence HSO’s antimicrobial ability to Staphylococcus aureus were cannabidiol (CBD), β-caryophyllene, and limonene. The extraction methods showed less influence on the HSO bioactivity. HSO did not show significant antioxidant activity, but Hemp Seed Hull (HSH), Hemp Seed Flour (HSF), and Hydrolyzed Hemp Seed Protein (HPH), expressed promising DPPH scavenging ability.
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15
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The Influence of Rice Protein, Hemp Protein and Transglutaminase Addition on the Quality of Instant Fried Noodles. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11199070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to determine the effect of rice and hemp protein addition together with transglutaminase on the quality and fat content of fried instant noodles. The following parameters have been analyzed during this research: the amount of water, fat content, hydration time, color and texture parameters. The evaluation of sensory parameters before and after cooking of instant noodles has been performed. It can be concluded that the addition of TGase significantly decreased the fat content; the recipe with a 3% hemp protein addition with TGase in an amount of 2% was the most promising solution to obtain a low-fat product. On the other hand, the better consumer acceptance levels were observed for the rice protein addition (1%) with 2% TGase. It seems that the most promising product is the sample with a 5% addition of rice protein with 2% TGase-a reduction in the fat content by 30% (from 25% to 16%). The addition of rice protein, hemp protein and TGase reduced the fat content of the instant noodles in comparison to the control sample. The additives used had an impact on the L*, a* and b* color parameters. All instant noodles obtained during the research process were characterized by a short hydration time, which did not exceed 5 min. During the sensory evaluation, analyzed samples of the instant noodles obtained scores higher than 4.2 points on a five-point scale.
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Chelliah R, Wei S, Daliri EBM, Elahi F, Yeon SJ, Tyagi A, Liu S, Madar IH, Sultan G, Oh DH. The Role of Bioactive Peptides in Diabetes and Obesity. Foods 2021; 10:2220. [DOI: https:/doi.10.3390/foods10092220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Bioactive peptides are present in most soy products and eggs and have essential protective functions. Infection is a core feature of innate immunity that affects blood pressure and the glucose level, and ageing can be delayed by killing senescent cells. Food also encrypts bioactive peptides and protein sequences produced through proteolysis or food processing. Unique food protein fragments can improve human health and avoid metabolic diseases, inflammation, hypertension, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. This review focuses on drug targets and fundamental mechanisms of bioactive peptides on metabolic syndromes, namely obesity and type 2 diabetes, to provide new ideas and knowledge on the ability of bioactive peptide to control metabolic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramachandran Chelliah
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Shuai Wei
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Eric Banan-Mwine Daliri
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Fazle Elahi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Su-Jung Yeon
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Akanksha Tyagi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Shucheng Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Liaoning 116034, China
| | - Inamul Hasan Madar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India
| | - Ghazala Sultan
- Department of Computer Science, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Deog-Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
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The Role of Bioactive Peptides in Diabetes and Obesity. Foods 2021; 10:foods10092220. [PMID: 34574330 PMCID: PMC8469013 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive peptides are present in most soy products and eggs and have essential protective functions. Infection is a core feature of innate immunity that affects blood pressure and the glucose level, and ageing can be delayed by killing senescent cells. Food also encrypts bioactive peptides and protein sequences produced through proteolysis or food processing. Unique food protein fragments can improve human health and avoid metabolic diseases, inflammation, hypertension, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. This review focuses on drug targets and fundamental mechanisms of bioactive peptides on metabolic syndromes, namely obesity and type 2 diabetes, to provide new ideas and knowledge on the ability of bioactive peptide to control metabolic syndromes.
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Kubiliene A, Mickute K, Baranauskaite J, Marksa M, Liekis A, Sadauskiene I. The Effects of Cannabis sativa L. Extract on Oxidative Stress Markers In Vivo. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11070647. [PMID: 34357019 PMCID: PMC8303441 DOI: 10.3390/life11070647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, a lot of attention has been paid to Cannabis sativa L. due to its useful applications, including in fibers, oil, food for humans and animals, and therapeutics. The present study aimed to determine antioxidant activity of cannabinoids in Cannabis sativa L. in vivo, evaluating the possible antioxidative effect of Cannabis sativa L. extract (CE) on malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) concentrations as well as on catalase (CAT) activity in BALB/c mice. In total, 40 mice were divided into five equal groups: the aluminum group (7.5 mg AlCl3/kg/d (0.15 LD50), the saline group, the 10% ethanol group (an appropriate amount of the solution for mouse weight), the CE group (1.6 mg CE/g/day), and the aluminum-CE group (7.5 mg AlCl3 plus 1.6 mg CE/g/day). The results of the study showed that CE significantly decreased (by 26.81%, p < 0.05) the concentration of GSH in blood of the mice and the concentration of MDA in the brain (by 82.12%) and liver (by 53.5%) of the mice compared to the respective concentrations in the AlCl3 group. CE significantly (p < 0.05) increased CAT activity in the brain (by 64.79%) and liver (by 72.37%) of the mice after the AlCl3-induced prooxidant effect. The results showed the antioxidant activity of cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) in vitro. The findings in vivo indicate that Cannabis sativa L. is a good source of natural antioxidants and can be used in the management of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asta Kubiliene
- Department of Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu St. 13, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (K.M.); (J.B.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Karolina Mickute
- Department of Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu St. 13, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (K.M.); (J.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Juste Baranauskaite
- Department of Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu St. 13, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (K.M.); (J.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Mindaugas Marksa
- Department of Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu St. 13, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (K.M.); (J.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Arunas Liekis
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu St. 4, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.L.); (I.S.)
| | - Ilona Sadauskiene
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu St. 4, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.L.); (I.S.)
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Sun X, Sun Y, Li Y, Wu Q, Wang L. Identification and Characterization of the Seed Storage Proteins and Related Genes of Cannabis sativa L. Front Nutr 2021; 8:678421. [PMID: 34164425 PMCID: PMC8215128 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.678421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) seed is emerging as a novel source of plant protein owing to its rich protein content and reasonable nutritional structure. In the current study, the storage proteins of hemp seed were extracted using different methods. The modified Osborne method yielded maximum extraction of the hemp seed storage proteins, while degreasing had little effect on the hemp seed protein (HSP) extraction. Protein identification results revealed that 11S globulin (edestin) was the most abundant protein in hemp seed, and the molecular weights of the two subunits of this protein were ~35 and 20 kDa, respectively. The second most abundant protein was 2S albumin (Cs2S), with a molecular weight of ~14–15 kDa. The least abundant protein was 7S vicilin-like protein (Cs7S), with a molecular weight of ~47 kDa. Subsequently, gene families encoding these three storage protein classes, including three genes for edestin, two for Cs2S, and one for Cs7S, were cloned and then analyzed for amino acid composition and structure. The three edestins were different in their amino acid sequences and calculated molecular weights. The analysis of coding sequences revealed a higher percentage of similarity (62.7%) between Edestin1 and Edestin3, while the similarity decreased significantly to ~57% between Edestin1 and Edestin2, and 58% between Edestin2 and Edestin3. The calculated protein molecular weight was the highest for the protein encoded by Edestin1 and the smallest for the protein encoded by Edestin2. All three edestins were rich in arginine, while Edestin3 had a higher methionine content relative to that in the other two, which proved that Edestin3 had a better nutritional value. Cs2S and Cs7S were different from those reported in previous studies. Therefore, it could be inferred that amino acid composition varies with different hemp cultivars. The current research brought significant theoretical advance in illuminating the understanding of hemp seed storage protein and would have significance for future research on improving the nutritional quality of hemp seed and developing bioactive peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Sun
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Technology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yao Sun
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Technology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Technology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Technology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Technology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
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20
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Sánchez-López F, Robles-Olvera VJ, Hidalgo-Morales M, Tsopmo A. Angiotensin-I converting enzyme inhibitory activity of Amaranthus hypochondriacus seed protein hydrolysates produced with lactic bacteria and their peptidomic profiles. Food Chem 2021; 363:130320. [PMID: 34146770 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to determine the in vitro antihypertensive activities of lactobacillus (L. plantarum and L. helveticus) prepared amaranth protein hydrolysates, to determine the contribution of zinc, and to identify peptides. Depending on the bacteria species and the duration of the hydrolysis, up to 45.9% inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) was obtained. Size separation of the most active hydrolysates to yield < 1, <3-1, <3, <10-3 and < 10 kDa fractions enhanced ACE inhibition by 2-fold. A mixed mechanism of inhibition is proposed due to low correlation of ACE and zinc chelation. Thirty-six peptides were identified in the fractions using tandem mass spectrometry. A bioinformatic analysis showed the presence of encrypted fragments such as GVSEE or VNVDDPSK with known ACE-inhibitory properties. In conclusion, lactic acid bacteria proteases released peptides from amaranth proteins with ACE-inhibitory properties that were related to the presence of peptides with known or predicted ACE-inhibitor motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Sánchez-López
- Tecnológico Nacional de México-Instituto Tecnológico de Veracruz-UNIDA, M.A. de Quevedo #2779, Col. Formando Hogar, Veracruz 91897, Mexico
| | - Víctor J Robles-Olvera
- Tecnológico Nacional de México-Instituto Tecnológico de Veracruz-UNIDA, M.A. de Quevedo #2779, Col. Formando Hogar, Veracruz 91897, Mexico
| | - Madeleine Hidalgo-Morales
- Tecnológico Nacional de México-Instituto Tecnológico de Veracruz-UNIDA, M.A. de Quevedo #2779, Col. Formando Hogar, Veracruz 91897, Mexico
| | - Apollinaire Tsopmo
- Food Science Program, Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
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21
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Shen P, Gao Z, Fang B, Rao J, Chen B. Ferreting out the secrets of industrial hemp protein as emerging functional food ingredients. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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22
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Durand E, Beaubier S, Ilic I, fine F, Kapel R, Villeneuve P. Production and antioxidant capacity of bioactive peptides from plant biomass to counteract lipid oxidation. Curr Res Food Sci 2021; 4:365-397. [PMID: 34142097 PMCID: PMC8187438 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Preventing lipid oxidation, especially with the polyunsaturated fat-based products, is a major concern in sectors as agri-food and cosmetic. Even though the efficiency of synthetic antioxidants has been recognized, both consumers and manufacturers are looking for more innovative, healthy and quality products while rejecting synthetic additives due to their concern about safety, along with their environmental impact issues. In this context, plant biomass, which have shown to be rich in compounds, have raised interest for the isolation of novel naturally occurring antioxidants. Among their myriad of molecules, bioactive peptides, which are biologically active sequence of amino acid residues of proteins, seem to be of a great interest. Therefore, the number of identified amino acids sequences of bioactive peptides from plant biomass with potential antioxidant action is progressively increasing. Thus, this review provides a description of 129 works that have been made to produce bioactive peptides (hydrolysate, fraction and/or isolate peptide) from 55 plant biomass, along with the procedure to examine their antioxidant capacity (until 2019 included). The protein name, the process, and the method to concentrate or isolate antioxidant bioactive peptides, along with their identification and/or specificity were described. Considering the complex, dynamic and multifactorial physico-chemical mechanisms of the lipid oxidation, an appropriate in-vitro methodology should be better performed to efficiently probe the antioxidant potential of bioactive peptides. Therefore, the results were discussed, and perspective for antioxidant applications of bioactive peptides from plant biomass was argued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwann Durand
- CIRAD, UMR QualiSud, Montpellier, F-34398, France
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Sophie Beaubier
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, UMR CNRS-7274, plateforme SVS, 13 rue du bois de la Champelle, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54500, France
| | - Isidora Ilic
- CIRAD, UMR QualiSud, Montpellier, F-34398, France
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Frederic fine
- TERRES INOVIA, Parc Industriel – 11 Rue Monge, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Romain Kapel
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, UMR CNRS-7274, plateforme SVS, 13 rue du bois de la Champelle, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54500, France
| | - Pierre Villeneuve
- CIRAD, UMR QualiSud, Montpellier, F-34398, France
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
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Vitorović J, Joković N, Radulović N, Mihajilov-Krstev T, Cvetković VJ, Jovanović N, Mitrović T, Aleksić A, Stanković N, Bernstein N. Antioxidant Activity of Hemp ( Cannabis sativa L.) Seed Oil in Drosophila melanogaster Larvae under Non-Stress and H 2O 2-Induced Oxidative Stress Conditions. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060830. [PMID: 34067432 PMCID: PMC8224776 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The oil extracted from hemp seeds has significant nutritional and biological properties due to the unique composition of polyunsaturated fatty acids and various antioxidant compounds. The potential of this oil for the prevention of oxidative stress and for the treatment of oxidative-stress-induced ailments is of increasing interest. Most studies of hemp seed oil were conducted in-vitro, meaning we lack information about effects and activity in vivo. In the present study, we evaluated the hypothesis that hemp seed oil at different concentrations improves the oxidative state of D. melanogaster, under non-stress as well as hydrogen-peroxide-induced stress. We analyzed the effects of hemp seed oil on oxidative stress markers and on the life cycle of D.melanogaster under non-stress and hydrogen-peroxide-induced stress conditions. D.melanogaster larvae were exposed to hemp seed oil concentrations ranging from 12.5 to 125 μL/mL. The results revealed that under non-stress conditions, oil concentrations up to 62.5 µL/mL did not induce negative effects on the life cycle of D. melanogaster and maintained the redox status of the larval cells at similar levels to the control level. Under oxidative stress conditions, biochemical parameters were significantly affected and only two oil concentrations, 18.7 and 31.2 µL/mL, provided protection against hydrogen peroxide stress effects. A higher oil concentration (125 μL/mL) exerted negative effects on the oxidative status and increased larval mortality. The tested oil was characterized chemically by NMR, transesterification, and silylation, followed by GC-MS analyses, and was shown to contain polyunsaturated fatty acid triglycerides and low levels of tocopherols. The high levels of linoleic and linolenic acids in the oil are suggested to be responsible for the observed in vivo antioxidant effects. Taken together, the results show that hemp seed oil is effective for reducing oxidative stress at the cellular level, thus supporting the hypothesis. The obtained results point to the potential of hemp seed oil for the prevention and treatment of conditions caused by the action of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Vitorović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (J.V.); (N.J.); (T.M.-K.); (V.J.C.); (N.J.); (T.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Nataša Joković
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (J.V.); (N.J.); (T.M.-K.); (V.J.C.); (N.J.); (T.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Niko Radulović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia;
| | - Tatjana Mihajilov-Krstev
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (J.V.); (N.J.); (T.M.-K.); (V.J.C.); (N.J.); (T.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Vladimir J. Cvetković
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (J.V.); (N.J.); (T.M.-K.); (V.J.C.); (N.J.); (T.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Nikola Jovanović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (J.V.); (N.J.); (T.M.-K.); (V.J.C.); (N.J.); (T.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Tatjana Mitrović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (J.V.); (N.J.); (T.M.-K.); (V.J.C.); (N.J.); (T.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Ana Aleksić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (J.V.); (N.J.); (T.M.-K.); (V.J.C.); (N.J.); (T.M.); (A.A.)
| | | | - Nirit Bernstein
- Institute of Soil Water and Environmental Sciences, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 15159, Israel
- Correspondence:
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Silva do Nascimento E, Anaya K, de Oliveira JMC, de Lacerda JTJG, Miller ME, Dias M, Mendes MA, de Azevedo Lima Pallone J, Weis Arns C, Juliano MA, Santi Gadelha T, Bertoldo Pacheco MT, de Almeida Gadelha CA. Identification of bioactive peptides released from in vitro gastrointestinal digestion of yam proteins (Dioscorea cayennensis). Food Res Int 2021; 143:110286. [PMID: 33992386 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive peptides have been broadly studied for their contribution to human health. This study aimed to identify bioactive peptides generated by in vitro gastrointestinal digestion of yam proteins. Yam protein concentrate (YPC) was submitted to simulated digestion. Gastric phase hydrolysate (GPH) and total gastrointestinal phase hydrolysate (GIPH) had their peptides identified by nanoLC-ESI-MS/MS. Peptide sequences were subjected to a database-driven (BIOPEP) bioactivity search. In vitro tests included: Antioxidant activity, DNA damage protection, ACE-inhibitory activity and antibacterial activity against the bacteria Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp. and Lysteria monocytogenes. Simulated digestion generated small peptides (mostly MW < 3500 Da), several of them with potential bioactive sequences predicted in silico. In both GPH and GIPH biological activities were detected, although GIPH displayed stronger DNA damage protection and antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli. The digestion of yam proteins releases promising biologically active peptides which can contribute to the prevention of bacterial infection and chronic degenerative diseases, with beneficial effects to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edilza Silva do Nascimento
- Department of Food Engineering, Post-Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Technology Center, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil; Department of Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Structural Proteomics, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
| | - Katya Anaya
- Faculty of Health Sciences of Trari, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Santa Cruz, RN, Brazil.
| | - Julia Mariano Caju de Oliveira
- Department of Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Structural Proteomics, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
| | | | - Michael Edward Miller
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Meriellen Dias
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Maria Anita Mendes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Clarice Weis Arns
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Tatiane Santi Gadelha
- Department of Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Genetic Biochemistry and Radiology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
| | | | - Carlos Alberto de Almeida Gadelha
- Department of Food Engineering, Post-Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Technology Center, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil; Department of Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Structural Proteomics, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
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25
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Pontonio E, Verni M, Dingeo C, Diaz-de-Cerio E, Pinto D, Rizzello CG. Impact of Enzymatic and Microbial Bioprocessing on Antioxidant Properties of Hemp ( Cannabis sativa L.). Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121258. [PMID: 33321939 PMCID: PMC7763576 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the hemp seed boasts high nutritional and functional potential, its use in food preparations is still underestimated due to scarce technological properties and the presence of several anti-nutritional factors. Here, an optimization of a biotechnological protocol aimed at improving the antioxidant properties and the protein digestibility of the whole hemp seed has been proposed. Processing based on the use of commercial food grade enzymes and ad hoc selected lactic acid bacteria was tested and the phenolic and protein profiles were investigated through an integrated approach including selective extraction, purification, and identification of the potentially active compounds. The influence of the bioprocessing on the antioxidant activity of the hemp was evaluated both in vitro and on human keratinocytes. The lactic acid bacteria fermentation was the best method to significantly improve the antioxidant potential of the hemp through intense proteolysis which led to both the release of bioactive peptides and the increase in the protein digestibility. Moreover, changes in the phenolic profile allowed a significant protective effect against oxidative stress measured on the human keratinocyte cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Pontonio
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Giovanni Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.V.); (C.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-080-5442950
| | - Michela Verni
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Giovanni Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.V.); (C.D.)
| | - Cinzia Dingeo
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Giovanni Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.V.); (C.D.)
| | | | - Daniela Pinto
- Giuliani S.p.A., Pelagio Palagi, 2, 20129 Milan, Italy;
| | - Carlo Giuseppe Rizzello
- Department of Environmental Biology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
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Wen C, Zhang J, Zhang H, Duan Y, Ma H. Plant protein-derived antioxidant peptides: Isolation, identification, mechanism of action and application in food systems: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Jurgoński A, Opyd PM, Fotschki B. Effects of native or partially defatted hemp seeds on hindgut function, antioxidant status and lipid metabolism in diet-induced obese rats. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Farinon B, Molinari R, Costantini L, Merendino N. The seed of industrial hemp ( Cannabis sativa L.): Nutritional Quality and Potential Functionality for Human Health and Nutrition. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12071935. [PMID: 32610691 PMCID: PMC7400098 DOI: 10.3390/nu12071935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hempseeds, the edible fruits of the Cannabis sativa L. plant, were initially considered a by-product of the hemp technical fibre industry. Nowadays, following the restorationing of the cultivation of C. sativa L. plants containing an amount of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) <0.3% or 0.2% (industrial hemp) there is a growing interest for the hempseeds production due to their high nutritional value and functional features. The goal of this review is to examine the scientific literature concerning the nutritional and functional properties of hempseeds. Furthermore, we revised the scientific literature regarding the potential use of hempseeds and their derivatives as a dietary supplement for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory and chronic-degenerative diseases on animal models and humans too. In the first part of the work, we provide information regarding the genetic, biochemical, and legislative aspects of this plant that are, in our opinion essential to understand the difference between “industrial” and “drug-type” hemp. In the final part of the review, the employment of hempseeds by the food industry as livestock feed supplement and as ingredient to enrich or fortify daily foods has also revised. Overall, this review intends to encourage further and comprehensive investigations about the adoption of hempseeds in the functional foods field.
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Opyd PM, Jurgoński A, Fotschki B, Juśkiewicz J. Dietary Hemp Seeds More Effectively Attenuate Disorders in Genetically Obese Rats than Their Lipid Fraction. J Nutr 2020; 150:1425-1433. [PMID: 32275310 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemp seeds are rich in PUFAs and other bioactives that can attenuate the development of obesity-related disorders; however, the extent to which their lipid fraction is responsible for this effect is unknown. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that hemp seed or hemp oil supplementation can attenuate genetically determined disorders and that the former are more effective in doing so. METHODS Lean and obese male Zucker rats, aged 8 wk, weighing 174 ± 4.2 g and 223 ± 3.8 g, respectively, were allocated to 4 groups. The lean (LC) and obese controls (OC) were fed a standard diet, whereas the other 2 obese groups were fed a modified diet in which hemp oil (4% diet; O + HO) or hemp seeds (12% diet; O + HS) were included. All diets had the same proportions of protein (18%), fat (8%), and fiber (5%) and a similar carbohydrate proportion (∼52%). Diets fed to O + HO and O + HS had similar fatty acid profiles. After 4 wk, markers of gut and liver function, antioxidant status, and lipid metabolism were measured. RESULTS The total SCFA concentration in the cecal digesta was lower in OC (64.8 ± 4.21 µmol/g) compared with LC (78.1 ± 2.83 µmol/g) (P ≤ 0.05), whereas it was greater in O + HS (89 ± 4.41 µmol/g) compared with LC, OC, and O + HO (69.7 ± 2.68 µmol/g) (P ≤ 0.05). Plasma total cholesterol was greater in OC (6.20 ± 0.198 mmol/L) and O + HO (5.60 ± 0.084 mmol/L) compared with LC (2.71 ± 0.094 mmol/L) (P ≤ 0.05); in O + HS, the concentration did not differ from the other groups (5.16 ± 0.278 mmol/L). The liver cholesterol concentration was greater in OC (1.79 ± 0.379 mg/g) compared with the other groups (1.28-1.43 mg/g) (P ≤ 0.05). Hepatic expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ was lower in OC (11.9 ± 0.93 units) compared with LC (17.3 ± 1.3 units) (P ≤ 0.05), whereas it was greater in O + HS (19.2 ± 1.04 units) compared with OC and O + HO (14.0 ± 1.33 units) (P ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Dietary hemp seeds more effectively attenuate metabolic disorders in genetically obese rats than the oil extracted from them, which suggests that the lipid fraction is only partly responsible for these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina M Opyd
- Department of Biological Function of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Adam Jurgoński
- Department of Biological Function of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Bartosz Fotschki
- Department of Biological Function of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jerzy Juśkiewicz
- Department of Biological Function of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
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Jahandideh F, Wu J. Perspectives on the Potential Benefits of Antihypertensive Peptides towards Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2192. [PMID: 32235782 PMCID: PMC7139547 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to the regulation of blood pressure, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) also plays a key role in the onset and development of insulin resistance, which is central to metabolic syndrome (MetS). Due to the interplay between RAS and insulin resistance, antihypertensive compounds may exert beneficial effects in the management of MetS. Food-derived bioactive peptides with RAS blocking properties can potentially improve adipose tissue dysfunction, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance involved in the pathogenesis of MetS. This review discusses the pathophysiology of hypertension and the association between RAS and pathogenesis of the MetS. The effects of bioactive peptides with RAS modulating effects on other components of the MetS are discussed. While the in vivo reports on the effectiveness of antihypertensive peptides against MetS are encouraging, the exact mechanism by which these peptides infer their effects on glucose and lipid handling is mostly unknown. Therefore, careful design of experiments along with standardized physiological models to study the effect of antihypertensive peptides on insulin resistance and obesity could help to clarify this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Jahandideh
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
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Rodriguez-Martin NM, Toscano R, Villanueva A, Pedroche J, Millan F, Montserrat-de la Paz S, Millan-Linares MC. Neuroprotective protein hydrolysates from hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) seeds. Food Funct 2020; 10:6732-6739. [PMID: 31576391 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01904a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) seeds are well known for their potential use as a source of nutrients, fiber, and bioactive compounds. A hemp protein isolate, prepared from defatted hemp flour, was hydrolyzed by alcalase and flavourzyme under specific conditions. The resulting hydrolysates were evaluated for the selection of potentially bioactive hemp protein hydrolysates (HPHs) owing to their DPPH scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power activity. In vitro cell-free experiments led to the identification of two bioactive HPHs, HPH20A and HPH60A + 15AF, which were used at 50 and 100 μg mL-1 on BV-2 microglial cells in order to evaluate the anti-neuroinflammatory activities. Our results showed that HPH20A and HPH60A + 15AF down-regulated TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 mRNA transcriptional levels in LPS-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells. In addition, HPH20A and HPH60A + 15AF up-regulated the gene expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. This study suggests for the first time that HPHs may improve the neuroinflammatory and inflammatory states, supporting the nutraceutical value of hemp seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia M Rodriguez-Martin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Dr. Fedriani 3, 41071 Seville, Spain.
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Kaushal N, Dhadwal S, Kaur P. Ameliorative effects of hempseed (Cannabis sativa) against hypercholesterolemia associated cardiovascular changes. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:330-338. [PMID: 31668458 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Hypercholesterolemia (HC) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular (CV) diseases, that are the major cause of mortality worldwide. Free radicals mediated oxidative stress is a critical player in HC-associated pathophysiological insults including atherosclerosis. Unwanted side effects associated with statins, COX-2 inhibitors, and other synthetic drugs limit their use. Thus, modulation of oxidative stress during HC using green pharmaceuticals seems an appropriate approach against deleterious CV consequences without noticeable side-effect. In this regard, owing to an abundance of proteins, fiber and optimal ratios of omega 6 PUFA: omega-3 PUFA in Hempseed (HS), we aim to exploit its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties to ameliorate HC- associated CV effects. METHODS AND RESULTS Comparing the antioxidant capacity of protein and lipid fractions of HS using ABTS and DPPH assays, HS was supplemented to high-fat diets (HFD) induced hypercholesterolemic wistar rats. After treatment schedules, lipid profiles, histological and ultrastructural investigations, gene and protein expressions of inflammatory markers, markers of oxidative stress were studied and correlated with biophysical parameters such as ECG and impedance/conductance across the aorta. HS demonstrating in vitro free radical scavenging activity, ameliorated the signs of HC as seen with improved lipid profiles, aortic tissue damage and ECG patterns compared to HFD groups. HS administration also relieved the COX-2 mediated inflammation, which correlated well with the improved redox status in the tissue. CONCLUSIONS Current study evidently demonstrates that the anti-hypercholesterolemic effects of HS are mediated through redox-sensitive modulation of inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kaushal
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Shallu Dhadwal
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Parminder Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology (UIET), Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Martínez-Sánchez SM, Gabaldón-Hernández JA, Montoro-García S. Unravelling the molecular mechanisms associated with the role of food-derived bioactive peptides in promoting cardiovascular health. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Chai TT, Ang SY, Goh K, Lee YH, Ngoo JM, Teh LK, Wong FC. Trypsin-hydrolyzed Corn Silk Proteins: Antioxidant Activities, in vitro Gastrointestinal and Thermal Stability, and Hematoprotective Effects. EFOOD 2020. [DOI: 10.2991/efood.k.200323.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Zou Z, Wang M, Wang Z, Aluko RE, He R. Antihypertensive and antioxidant activities of enzymatic wheat bran protein hydrolysates. J Food Biochem 2019; 44:e13090. [PMID: 31663146 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive peptides from plant protein sources have been continuously identified as nutrient supplements for low toxicity but multiple physiological activities such as antihypertensive, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory. In this study, wheat bran protein isolate was digested with alcalase to produce wheat bran protein hydrolysate (WPH) that was then separated into different peptide fractions (<1, 1-3, 3-5, and 5-10 kDa) by membrane ultrafiltration. WPH and the peptide fractions were evaluated for in vitro activities such as antioxidant, renin inhibition, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition. In addition, the blood pressure-lowering effects of WPH and the <1 kDa peptides were determined by oral administration to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Results showed that the ACE and renin inhibitions were significantly (p < .05) higher for the <1 kDa fraction (84.25% ± 2.45%, 75.19% ± 1.75%, respectively) when compared to the WPH and >1 kDa fractions. The <1 kDa fraction also showed significantly (p < .05) higher oxygen radical antioxidant activity with 2044.73 ± 37.45 (μM TE/g protein) when compared to lower values obtained for the >1 kDa membrane fractions and WPH. Oral administration (100 mg/kg body weight) of the <1 kDa membrane fraction to SHRs resulted in a better decrease (-35 mmHg) in the systolic blood pressure when compared to the WPH (-20 mmHg) after 6 hr. And seven peptides (NL, QL, FL, HAL, AAVL, AKTVF, and TPLTR) were identified and amino acid sequence was determined by tandem mass spectrometry. We conclude that the WPH could be considered as a suitable natural antihypertensive and antioxidant resource. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The results of the present study indicate that WPH and its ultrafiltration fractions possess potential as a source of antihypertensive and strong antioxidant peptides. It has been proved that wheat bran has a good blood pressure lowering and antioxidation and other biological activities, and the <1 kDa fraction showing high oxygen radical absorbance capacity level also has better in vitro ACE inhibition and renin-inhibitory activity. The higher antihypertensive efficiency of the <1 kDa fraction may be because the peptides can be better absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract or an increased ability to interact with the enzyme (ACE or renin) protein structure to change the active conformation and lead to decreased catalysis. The results of this study indicate that WPH, especially <1 kDa peptide, can be used as a component in formulating antihypertensive functional foods and nutraceuticals, thus improving the industrial production efficiency and bioavailability of wheat bran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Zou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingjie Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhigao Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, China
| | - Rotimi E Aluko
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Rong He
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, China
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Metabolomics as a tool to study the mechanism of action of bioactive protein hydrolysates and peptides: A review of current literature. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Wang S, Wang J, Xue F, Li C. Effects of heating or ultrasound treatment on the enzymolysis and the structure characterization of hempseed protein isolates. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2019; 56:3337-3346. [PMID: 31274901 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-03815-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The effects of heating (90 °C/30 min) or ultrasound (200/400/600 W) treatment on antioxidant and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory (ACEI) activity of hydrolysates from hempseed protein isolates (HPI) were studied. The secondary structure, surface hydrophobicity, intrinsic fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of HPI treated by heating or ultrasound were measured. The results showed that hydrolysate from HPI treated with ultrasound at 200 W showed higher hydrolysis degree, proportion of lower molecular mass components (1.0-3.0 kDa), antioxidant and ACEI activity than those from heating or high-power treated. The changes in secondary structure, surface hydrophobicity and intrinsic fluorescence indicated the unfolding of HPI after ultrasound. The SEM results showed that HPI treated with ultrasound at 200 W exhibited decrease in particle size and deformation and further increased in power caused the aggregates of HPI. In conclusion, the ultrasound treatment at low-power was superior to 90 °C/30 min treatment in facilitating enzymatic release of antioxidant and ACEI peptides from HPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenyan Wang
- 1School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023 People's Republic of China
| | - Juanhong Wang
- 1School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023 People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Xue
- 1School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023 People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Li
- 2College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816 People's Republic of China
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Wang Q, Xiong YL. Processing, Nutrition, and Functionality of Hempseed Protein: A Review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2019; 18:936-952. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan Univ. Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- Dept. of Animal and Food SciencesUniv. of Kentucky Lexington KY 40546 U.S.A
| | - Youling L. Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan Univ. Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- Dept. of Animal and Food SciencesUniv. of Kentucky Lexington KY 40546 U.S.A
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Effect of Dietary Hemp Seed on Oxidative Status in Sows during Late Gestation and Lactation and Their Offspring. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9040194. [PMID: 31027169 PMCID: PMC6523475 DOI: 10.3390/ani9040194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hemp seeds are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids as well as other bioactive compounds. Using dietary hemp seeds as late gestation and lactation supplementation for sows and early life supplementation for piglets, we found that the indicators of oxidative status were improved in both sows and offspring. Besides the significant improvement in the antioxidant defense system of the sows, our assessment of dietary intervention resulted in an array of increased antioxidative status markers for their progeny. In addition, this could be translated into increased adaptability to the upcoming weaning stage. Abstract This study shows the antioxidant effect of a dietary hemp seed diet rich in ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) on oxidative status in sows during late gestation and lactation and their offspring. Ten pregnant sows were divided into two groups and fed either a control diet (CD) or a hemp diet (HD) containing 2% hemp seed meal for a period of 10 days before farrowing and 5% throughout the lactation period (21 d). After farrowing, 16 of their resulting piglets were divided into two groups: control group CD (eight piglets derived from control sows) and HD group (eight piglets derived from HD sows), respectively. Blood collected from sows and piglets at day 1, 7 and 21 was used for the measurement of antioxidant enzymes (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GPx)), nitric oxide production (NO), lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances—TBARS), reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in plasma. The results showed a significant improvement in the oxidative status of sows fed HD throughout lactation compared with CD. Similarly, in piglets, HD positively influenced the activities of antioxidant enzymes, TAC and NO levels and significantly decreased lipid peroxidation in plasma until weaning, in comparison with the CD group. This study suggests the potential of hemp seed diet to improve the overall antioxidant status of the lactating sows and their progeny.
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Lammi C, Bollati C, Gelain F, Arnoldi A, Pugliese R. Enhancement of the Stability and Anti-DPPIV Activity of Hempseed Hydrolysates Through Self-Assembling Peptide-Based Hydrogels. Front Chem 2019; 6:670. [PMID: 30733941 PMCID: PMC6353790 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Although there is an increasing interest for bioactive food protein hydrolysates as valuable ingredients for functional food and dietary supplement formulations, their potential applications are hampered by their insufficient stability in physiological conditions. In this study, an innovative strategy based on nanomaterials was developed in order to increase the hempseed hydrolysate stability and the anti-diabetic properties, through their encapsulation into ionic self-complementary RADA16 peptide based-hydrogels. Atomic force microscope (AFM) morphological analysis indicated that the new nanomaterials were composed of a nanofibril network, whose increased diameter in respect to native RADA16 suggests the presence of transient non-covalent interactions among the RADA16 supramolecular assemblies and the embedded hempseed peptides. Structural analysis by FT-IR spectroscopy indicated typical β-sheet signatures. The RADA16-hempseed protein hydrolysate hydrogel was shown to act as a novel dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) inhibitor in different biological assays. Finally, this nanoformulation was used as a drug delivery system of the anti-diabetic drug sitagliptin, helping to reduce its dosage and eventually associated side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Lammi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, >Milan, Italy
| | - Carlotta Bollati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, >Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Gelain
- Tissue Engineering Unit, Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies-ISBReMIT, Fondazione IRCSS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, >San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.,Center for Nanomedicine and Tissue Engineering, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Arnoldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, >Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaele Pugliese
- Tissue Engineering Unit, Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies-ISBReMIT, Fondazione IRCSS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, >San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.,Center for Nanomedicine and Tissue Engineering, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
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Nwachukwu ID, Aluko RE. Structural and functional properties of food protein-derived antioxidant peptides. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12761. [PMID: 31353492 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to provide a timely examination of the structure-activity relationship of antioxidative peptides. The main production approach involves enzymatic hydrolysis of animal and plant proteins to produce protein hydrolyzates, which can be further processed by membrane ultrafiltration into size-based peptide fractions. The hydrolyzates and peptide fractions can also be subjected to separation by column chromatography to obtain pure peptides. Although the structural basis for enhanced antioxidant activity varies, protein hydrolyzates and peptide fractions that contain largely low molecular weight peptides have generally been shown to be potent antioxidants. In addition to having hydrophobic amino acids such as Leu or Val in their N-terminal regions, protein hydrolyzates, and peptides containing the nucleophilic sulfur-containing amino acid residues (Cys and Met), aromatic amino acid residues (Phe, Trp, and Tyr) and/or the imidazole ring-containing His have been generally found to possess strong antioxidant properties. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: High levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in addition to the presence of metal cations can lead to oxidative stress, which promotes reactions that cause destruction of critical cellular biopolymers, such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Oxidative stress could be due to insufficient levels of natural cellular antioxidants, which enables accumulation of ROS to toxic levels. A proposed approach to ameliorating oxidative stress is the provision of exogenous peptides that can be consumed to complement cellular antioxidants. Food protein-derived peptides consist of amino acids joined by peptides bonds just like glutathione, a very powerful natural cellular antioxidant. Therefore, this review provides a timely summary of the in vitro and in vivo reactions impacted by antioxidant peptides and the postulated mechanisms of action, which could aid development of potent antioxidant agents. The review also serves as a resource material for identifying novel antioxidant peptide sources for the formulation of functional foods and nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifeanyi D Nwachukwu
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Rotimi E Aluko
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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Xue F, Zhu C, Liu F, Wang S, Liu H, Li C. Effects of high-intensity ultrasound treatment on functional properties of plum (Pruni domesticae semen) seed protein isolate. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:5690-5699. [PMID: 29736924 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to improve the functional properties of plum seed protein isolate (PSPI), the effects of high-intensity ultrasound (20 kHz) at different levels of power output (200, 400 and 600 W) on the water/oil holding, solubility, emulsifying, foaming, gel, film formation capacity and hydrolysis degrees of PSPI were investigated. RESULTS Compared with untreated PSPI, ultrasound treatment improved water holding capacity, solubility, emulsifying properties, foaming capacity of PSPI. The gel prepared from ultrasound treated PSPI showed the higher gel strength compared with untreated protein. The film prepared from ultrasound treated PSPI showed higher tensile strength, lower elongation and permeability, denser and more compact microstructure compared with untreated protein. Ultrasonic treatment also improved the accessibility of PSPI to the protease (Alcalase, Trypsin, Neutrase, Protamex, Papain and Flavourzyme). Furthermore, the ultrasonic treatment could induce a decrease in particle size and relative fluorescence intensity, an increase in surface hydrophobicity, and changes in secondary structure and microstructure of PSPI. CONCLUSION The changes in structure analysis of PSPI indicated that ultrasound treatment could induce molecular unfolding of protein, which might be helpful for improving the functional properties and efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengshu Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shenyan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Haozhen Liu
- College of Animal Sciences & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Li
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
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Antioxidant Peptides from Goat Milk Fermented by Lactobacillus casei L61: Preparation, Optimization, and Stability Evaluation in Simulated Gastrointestinal Fluid. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10060797. [PMID: 29925814 PMCID: PMC6024363 DOI: 10.3390/nu10060797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antioxidant peptides are currently the focus of many studies, since they eliminate free radicals in the human body without harmful effects. In the present study, Lactobacillus casei L61 was used as a starter culture to ferment goat milk because of its high capacity to produce antioxidant peptides. An optimal nutrients formula (casein, casein peptone, glucose, soybean peptone, inulin, calcium lactate, and cysteine) was investigated by Plackett⁻Burman (P⁻B) and Box⁻Behnken (B⁻B) designs for response surface methodology (RSM). Antioxidant peptides were successively isolated and purified from the fermented goat milk. Furthermore, the stability of the antioxidant peptides was evaluated in a simulated gastrointestinal tract at 37 °C. The results showed that calcium lactate, glucose, and casein peptone significantly affected the antioxidant activity of goat milk. The optimal additive amounts were 0.99% (w/v) calcium lactate, 0.21% (w/v) glucose, and 0.29% (w/v) casein peptone. The hydroxyl free radical scavenging rate increased significantly (p < 0.001) from 56.50 ± 0.57% to 88.01 ± 0.69%; the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging rate increased up to 63.48 ± 1.22% under the optimal conditions (n = 3). Our research provides a fitted mathematical model for antioxidant peptides production. Besides, these antioxidant peptides had great stability during simulated gastrointestinal digestion.
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Liu YT, Cheng FY, Takeda S, Enomoto H, Yen GC, Lin LC, Sakata R. Production, Analysis and in Vivo Antihypertensive Evaluation of Novel Angiotensin-I-converting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptides from Porcine Brain. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.24.541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shiro Takeda
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University
| | - Hirofumi Enomoto
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Teikyo Unibersity
| | | | | | - Ryoichi Sakata
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University
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Aiello G, Lammi C, Boschin G, Zanoni C, Arnoldi A. Exploration of Potentially Bioactive Peptides Generated from the Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Hempseed Proteins. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:10174-10184. [PMID: 29096438 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The seed of industrial hemp is an underexploited protein source. In view of a possible use in functional foods, a hempseed protein concentrate was hydrolyzed with pepsin, trypsin, pancreatin, or a mixture of these enzymes. A detailed peptidomic analysis using data-dependent acquisition showed that the numbers of peptides identified ranged from 90 belonging to 33 parent proteins in the peptic hydrolysate to 9 belonging to 6 proteins in the pancreatin digest. The peptic and tryptic hydrolysates resulted to be the most efficient inhibitors of 3-hydroxymethyl-coenzyme A reductase activity when tested on the catalytic domain of the enzyme. Using the open access tools PeptideRanker and BIOPEP, a list of potentially bioactive peptides was generated: the alleged activities included the antioxidant property, the glucose uptake stimulating activity, the inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV and angiotensin-converting enzyme I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilda Aiello
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan , via Luigi Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Carmen Lammi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan , via Luigi Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Boschin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan , via Luigi Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Zanoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan , via Luigi Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Arnoldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan , via Luigi Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Egg white-derived peptides prevent cardiovascular disorders induced by mercury in rats: Role of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and NADPH oxidase. Toxicol Lett 2017; 281:158-174. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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48
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Extract of Fructus Cannabis Ameliorates Learning and Memory Impairment Induced by D-Galactose in an Aging Rats Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:4757520. [PMID: 29234402 PMCID: PMC5671716 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4757520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Hempseed (Cannabis sativa L.) has been used as a health food and folk medicine in China for centuries. In the present study, we sought to define the underlying mechanism by which the extract of Fructus Cannabis (EFC) protects against memory impairment induced by D-galactose in rats. To accelerate aging and induce memory impairment in rats, D-galactose (400 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally once daily for 14 weeks. EFC (200 and 400 mg/kg) was simultaneously administered intragastrically once daily in an attempt to slow the aging process. We found that EFC significantly increased the activity of superoxide dismutase, while lowering levels of malondialdehyde in the hippocampus. Moreover, EFC dramatically elevated the organ indices of some organs, including the heart, the liver, the thymus, and the spleen. In addition, EFC improved the behavioral performance of rats treated with D-galactose in the Morris water maze. Furthermore, EFC inhibited the activation of astrocytes and remarkably attenuated phosphorylated tau and suppressed the expression of presenilin 1 in the brain of D-galactose-treated rats. These findings suggested that EFC exhibits beneficial effects on the cognition of aging rats probably by enhancing antioxidant capacity and anti-neuroinflammation, improving immune function, and modulating tau phosphorylation and presenilin expression.
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Zanoni C, Aiello G, Arnoldi A, Lammi C. Hempseed Peptides Exert Hypocholesterolemic Effects with a Statin-Like Mechanism. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:8829-8838. [PMID: 28931275 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This study had the objective of preparing a hempseed protein hydrolysate and investigating its hypocholesterolemic properties. The hydrolysate was prepared treating a total protein extract with pepsin. Nano HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis permitted identifying in total 90 peptides belonging to 33 proteins. In the range 0.1-1.0 mg/mL, it inhibited the catalytic activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCoAR) in a dose-dependent manner. HepG2 cells were treated with 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/mL of the hydrolysate. Immunoblotting detection showed increments in the protein levels of regulatory element binding proteins 2 (SREBP2), low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), and HMGCoAR. However, the parallel activation of the phospho-5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, produced an inactivation of HMGCoAR by phosphorylation. The functional ability of HepG2 cells to uptake extracellular LDL was raised by 50.5 ± 2.7%, 221.5 ± 1.6%, and 109 ± 3.5%, respectively, versus the control at 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/mL concentrations. Finally, also a raise of the protein level of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexintype 9 was observed. All of these data suggest that the mechanism of action has some similarity with that of statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Zanoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan , Milan, Italy
| | - Gilda Aiello
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan , Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Arnoldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan , Milan, Italy
| | - Carmen Lammi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan , Milan, Italy
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50
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Wang X, Liu C, Xu Y, Chen P, Shen Y, Xu Y, Zhao Y, Chen W, Zhang X, Ouyang Y, Wang Y, Xie C, Zhou M, Liu C. Combination of mesenchymal stem cell injection with icariin for the treatment of diabetes-associated erectile dysfunction. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174145. [PMID: 28350842 PMCID: PMC5369760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was aimed to examine whether icariin, a traditional Chinese medicine, could improve therapeutic effects of adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) for diabetes-associated erectile dysfunction (DMED). DMED were induced in rats by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin and confirmed by erectile function measurement. Then, rats of diabetic ED were randomly divided to receive the treatment of saline, ADSCs, icariin or ADSCs combined with icariin respectively. Compared with the treatment by ADSCs or icariin alone, intracavernosum injection of ADSCs combined with the following daily gastric gavage of icariin significantly augmented the value of ICP and ICP/MAP (p<0.01). Meanwhile, the survival of transplanted ADSCs was much improved due to the application of icariin. Similarly, immunofluorescent staining analysis demonstrated that the improved erectile tissue structure by combination of ADSCs and icariin was significantly associated with the increased expression of endothelial markers (vWF) (p<0.01) and smooth muscle markers (α-SMA) (p<0.01). Furthermore, the structure changes in corpus cavernosum were further confirmed by the Masson’s trichrome staining. To explore the possible mechanism underlying icariin-enhanced therapeutic efficacy of MSCs, we employed an in vitro testing system by introducing H2O2 to imitate oxidative stress condition considering the oxidative environment faced by engrafted ADSCs and anti-oxidative capacity of icariin.In vitro, we found that the addition of icariin considerably reduced the apoptosis of ADSCs, and attenuated the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), the superoxidase dismutase (SOD) activity and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Subsequently, we examined the expression of apoptosis-related proteins and explored the potential signaling pathway through which icariin promoted the survival of ADSCs against oxidative stress. It was demonstrated that icariin significantly inhibited the upregulation of apoptosis-related proteins under oxidative condition, including Bax and cleaved caspase-3, while promoted the expression of anti-apoptotic factor BCL2. These effects were accompanied with the activation of signal molecules, PI3K/Akt and STAT3. The further signal protein inhibition assays exhibited that the suppression of STAT3 abrogated the icariin-mediated anti-apoptotic effects observed above, while did not influence the expression of PI3K/Akt. However, PI3K inhibition could abrogate icariin–mediated STAT3 activation and achieved a similar effect as STAT3 inhibition. Our results suggested that icariin was an effective adjuvant for enhancing ADSC-based therapy of DMEM, which may be ascribed to their protection of ADSCs against oxidative stress via the regulation of PI3K/Akt-STAT3 signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyou Wang
- Department of Urology, PLA Navy General Hospital, Hai dian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanhai Liu
- Department of Urology, The Second Artillery General Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Xicheng District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Urology, PLA General Hospital, Hai dian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Urology, PLA Navy General Hospital, Hai dian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Shen
- Department of Urology, PLA Navy General Hospital, Hai dian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yansheng Xu
- Department of Urology, PLA Navy General Hospital, Hai dian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yubo Zhao
- Department of Urology, PLA Navy General Hospital, Hai dian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihao Chen
- Department of Urology, PLA Navy General Hospital, Hai dian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Department of Urology, PLA Navy General Hospital, Hai dian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Ouyang
- Department of Urology, PLA Navy General Hospital, Hai dian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Urology, PLA Navy General Hospital, Hai dian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Changliang Xie
- Department of Urology, PLA Navy General Hospital, Hai dian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Maojun Zhou
- Department of Urology, PLA Navy General Hospital, Hai dian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuilong Liu
- Department of Urology, PLA Navy General Hospital, Hai dian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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