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Pannkuk EL, Moore MS, Bansal S, Kumar K, Suman S, Howell D, Kath JA, Kurta A, Reeder DM, Field KA. White adipose tissue remodeling in Little Brown Myotis (Myotis lucifugus) with white-nose syndrome. Metabolomics 2024; 20:100. [PMID: 39190217 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-024-02165-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
White-nose syndrome (WNS) is a fungal wildlife disease of bats that has caused precipitous declines in certain Nearctic bat species. A key driver of mortality is premature exhaustion of fat reserves, primarily white adipose tissue (WAT), that bats rely on to meet their metabolic needs during winter. However, the pathophysiological and metabolic effects of WNS have remained ill-defined. To elucidate metabolic mechanisms associated with WNS mortality, we infected a WNS susceptible species, the Little Brown Myotis (Myotis lucifugus), with Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd) and collected WAT biopsies for histology and targeted lipidomics. These results were compared to the WNS-resistant Big Brown Bat (Eptesicus fuscus). A similar distribution in broad lipid class was observed in both species, with total WAT primarily consisting of triacylglycerides. Baseline differences in WAT chemical composition between species showed that higher glycerophospholipids (GPs) levels in E. fuscus were dominated by unsaturated or monounsaturated moieties and n-6 (18:2, 20:2, 20:3, 20:4) fatty acids. Conversely, higher GP levels in M. lucifugus WAT were primarily compounds containing n-3 (20:5 and 22:5) fatty acids. Following Pd-infection, we found that perturbation to WAT reserves occurs in M. lucifugus, but not in the resistant E. fuscus. A total of 66 GPs (primarily glycerophosphocholines and glycerophosphoethanolamines) were higher in Pd-infected M. lucifugus, indicating perturbation to the WAT structural component. In addition to changes in lipid chemistry, smaller adipocyte sizes and increased extracellular matrix deposition was observed in Pd-infected M. lucifugus. This is the first study to describe WAT GP composition of bats with different susceptibilities to WNS and highlights that recovery from WNS may require repair from adipose remodeling in addition to replenishing depot fat during spring emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan L Pannkuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3970 Reservoir Road, NW, New Research Building, Room E504, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
- Center for Metabolomic Studies, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Marianne S Moore
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Virgin Islands, St. Thomas, USA
| | - Shivani Bansal
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kamendra Kumar
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Shubhankar Suman
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Daryl Howell
- Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Des Moines, IA, USA
| | - Joseph A Kath
- Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Allen Kurta
- Department of Biology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, USA
| | - DeeAnn M Reeder
- Department of Biology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA, USA
| | - Kenneth A Field
- Department of Biology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA, USA
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Takić M, Ranković S, Girek Z, Pavlović S, Jovanović P, Jovanović V, Šarac I. Current Insights into the Effects of Dietary α-Linolenic Acid Focusing on Alterations of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Profiles in Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4909. [PMID: 38732139 PMCID: PMC11084241 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The plant-derived α-linolenic acid (ALA) is an essential n-3 acid highly susceptible to oxidation, present in oils of flaxseeds, walnuts, canola, perilla, soy, and chia. After ingestion, it can be incorporated in to body lipid pools (particularly triglycerides and phospholipid membranes), and then endogenously metabolized through desaturation, elongation, and peroxisome oxidation to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), with a very limited efficiency (particularly for DHA), beta-oxidized as an energy source, or directly metabolized to C18-oxilipins. At this moment, data in the literature about the effects of ALA supplementation on metabolic syndrome (MetS) in humans are inconsistent, indicating no effects or some positive effects on all MetS components (abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, impaired insulin sensitivity and glucoregulation, blood pressure, and liver steatosis). The major effects of ALA on MetS seem to be through its conversion to more potent EPA and DHA, the impact on the n-3/n-6 ratio, and the consecutive effects on the formation of oxylipins and endocannabinoids, inflammation, insulin sensitivity, and insulin secretion, as well as adipocyte and hepatocytes function. It is important to distinguish the direct effects of ALA from the effects of EPA and DHA metabolites. This review summarizes the most recent findings on this topic and discusses the possible mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Takić
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Tadeuša Košćuska 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.R.); (S.P.); (P.J.); (I.Š.)
| | - Slavica Ranković
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Tadeuša Košćuska 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.R.); (S.P.); (P.J.); (I.Š.)
| | - Zdenka Girek
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Tadeuša Košćuska 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.R.); (S.P.); (P.J.); (I.Š.)
| | - Suzana Pavlović
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Tadeuša Košćuska 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.R.); (S.P.); (P.J.); (I.Š.)
| | - Petar Jovanović
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Tadeuša Košćuska 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.R.); (S.P.); (P.J.); (I.Š.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre of Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Vesna Jovanović
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre of Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Ivana Šarac
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Tadeuša Košćuska 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.R.); (S.P.); (P.J.); (I.Š.)
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Codazzi V, Frontino G, Galimberti L, Giustina A, Petrelli A. Mechanisms and risk factors of metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents. Endocrine 2024; 84:16-28. [PMID: 38133765 PMCID: PMC10987369 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03642-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex disorder characterized by abdominal obesity, elevated blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, and elevated fasting blood glucose levels. The diagnostic criteria for MetS in adults are well-established, but there is currently no consensus on the definition in children and adolescents. The etiology of MetS is believed to involve a complex interplay between genetic predisposition and environmental factors. While genetic predisposition explains only a small part of MetS pathogenesis, modifiable environmental risk factors play a significant role. Factors such as maternal weight during pregnancy, children's lifestyle, sedentariness, high-fat diet, fructose and branched-chain amino acid consumption, vitamin D deficiency, and sleep disturbances contribute to the development of MetS. Early identification and treatment of MetS in children and adolescents is crucial to prevent the development of chronic diseases later in life. In this review we discuss the latest research on factors contributing to the pathogenesis of MetS in children, focusing on non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors, including genetics, dysbiosis and chronic low-grade inflammation.
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Pereira M, Liang J, Edwards-Hicks J, Meadows AM, Hinz C, Liggi S, Hepprich M, Mudry JM, Han K, Griffin JL, Fraser I, Sack MN, Hess C, Bryant CE. Arachidonic acid inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome is a mechanism to explain the anti-inflammatory effects of fasting. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113700. [PMID: 38265935 PMCID: PMC10940735 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Elevated interleukin (IL)-1β levels, NLRP3 inflammasome activity, and systemic inflammation are hallmarks of chronic metabolic inflammatory syndromes, but the mechanistic basis for this is unclear. Here, we show that levels of plasma IL-1β are lower in fasting compared to fed subjects, while the lipid arachidonic acid (AA) is elevated. Lipid profiling of NLRP3-stimulated mouse macrophages shows enhanced AA production and an NLRP3-dependent eicosanoid signature. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs decreases eicosanoid, but not AA, production. It also reduces both IL-1β and IL-18 production in response to NLRP3 activation. AA inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activity in human and mouse macrophages. Mechanistically, AA inhibits phospholipase C activity to reduce JNK1 stimulation and hence NLRP3 activity. These data show that AA is an important physiological regulator of the NLRP3 inflammasome and explains why fasting reduces systemic inflammation and also suggests a mechanism to explain how nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Pereira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonathan Liang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Signaling Systems Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joy Edwards-Hicks
- The Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Allison M Meadows
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christine Hinz
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sonia Liggi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Kim Han
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Julian L Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Iain Fraser
- Signaling Systems Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael N Sack
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christoph Hess
- The Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Clare E Bryant
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Šarac I, Debeljak-Martačić J, Takić M, Stevanović V, Milešević J, Zeković M, Popović T, Jovanović J, Vidović NK. Associations of fatty acids composition and estimated desaturase activities in erythrocyte phospholipids with biochemical and clinical indicators of cardiometabolic risk in non-diabetic Serbian women: the role of level of adiposity. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1065578. [PMID: 37545582 PMCID: PMC10397414 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1065578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fatty acids (FAs) composition and desaturase activities can be altered in different metabolic conditions, but the adiposity-independent associations with clinical and biochemical indicators of cardiometabolic risk are still unclear. This study aimed to analyze the associations of FAs composition and estimated desaturase activities with anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical cardiometabolic risk indicators in non-diabetic Serbian women, and to investigate if these associations were independent of the level of adiposity and other confounders. Methods In 76 non-diabetic, otherwise healthy Serbian women, aged 24-68 years, with or without metabolic syndrome or obesity (BMI=23.6±5.6 kg/m2), FA composition in erythrocyte phospholipids was measured by gas-liquid chromatography. Desaturase activities were estimated from product/precursor FAs ratios (D9D:16:1n-7/16:0; D6D:20:3n-6/18:2n-6; D5D:20:4n-6/20:3n-6). Correlations were made with anthropometric, biochemical (serum glucose, triacylglycerols, LDL-C, HDL-C, ALT, AST, and their ratios) and clinical (blood pressure) indicators of cardiometabolic risk. Linear regression models were performed to test the independence of these associations. Results Estimated desaturase activities and certain FAs were associated with anthropometric, clinical and biochemical indicators of cardiometabolic risk: D9D, D6D, 16:1n-7 and 20:3n-6 were directly associated, while D5D and 18:0 were inversely associated. However, the associations with clinical and biochemical indicators were not independent of the associations with the level of adiposity, since they were lost after controlling for anthropometric indices. After controlling for multiple confounders (age, postmenopausal status, education, smoking, physical activity, dietary macronutrient intakes, use of supplements, alcohol consumption), the level of adiposity was the most significant predictor of desaturase activities and aforementioned FAs levels, and mediated their association with biochemical/clinical indicators. Vice versa, desaturase activities predicted the level of adiposity, but not other components of cardiometabolic risk (if the level of adiposity was accounted). While the associations of anthropometric indices with 16:1n-7, 20:3n-6, 18:0 and D9D and D6D activities were linear, the associations with D5D activity were the inverse U-shaped. The only adiposity-independent association of FAs profiles with the indicators of cardiometabolic risk was a positive association of 20:5n-3 with ALT/AST ratio, which requires further exploration. Discussion Additional studies are needed to explore the mechanisms of the observed associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Šarac
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Debeljak-Martačić
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Takić
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vuk Stevanović
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Milešević
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Zeković
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Popović
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovica Jovanović
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Nevena Kardum Vidović
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Aristizabal JC, Barona-Acevedo J, Estrada-Restrepo A. Correlation of body mass index and waist to height ratio with cardiovascular risk factors in Colombian preschool and school children. Colomb Med (Cali) 2023; 54:e2014113. [PMID: 37424739 PMCID: PMC10324468 DOI: 10.25100/cm.v54i1.4113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To analyze the agreement between body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height Ratio (WHtR) to identify preschool and school children with cardiovascular risk factors (CRFs). Methods Three-hundred-twenty-one kids were divided into preschool (3-5 years) and school children (6-10 years). BMI was used to classify children as overweight or obese. Abdominal obesity was defined with a WHtR ≥0.50. Fasting blood lipids, glucose and insulin were measured, and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. The presence of CRFs and multiple non-waist circumference (non-WC) metabolic syndrome factors (MetS-Factors) [high HOMA-IR, high triglycerides and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)] were analyzed. Results One-hundred-twelve preschool and 209 school children were evaluated. WHtR ≥0.50 classified abdominal obesity in more than half of the preschool children, exceeding those classified with overweight+obesity by BMI (59.5% vs. 9.8%; p<0.001). There was no agreement between WHtR and BMI to identify preschool kids with CRFs and multiple non-WC MetS-Factors (kappa: 0.0 to 0.23, p>0.05). There were similar proportions of school children classified with abdominal obesity by the WHtR and overweight+obesity by the BMI (18.7% vs. 24.9%; p>0.05). There was substantial agreement between WHtR and BMI to identify school children with high total cholesterol values, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides, non-HDL-C, insulin, HOMA-IR, low HDL-C values, and the presence of multiple non-WC MetS-Factors (kappa: 0.616 to 0.857, p<0.001). Conclusion In preschool children WHtR ≥0.5 disagree with BMI results, but in school kids, it has good agreement with the BMI to classify the children´s nutritional status and to identify those with CRFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Aristizabal
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Group-PHYSIS, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jacqueline Barona-Acevedo
- Food and therapeutic alternatives area, Ophidism Program, School of Microbiology, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Alejandro Estrada-Restrepo
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- Demography and Health Research Group, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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de la Garza AL, Martínez-Tamez AM, Mellado-Negrete A, Arjonilla-Becerra S, Peña-Vázquez GI, Marín-Obispo LM, Hernández-Brenes C. Characterization of the Cafeteria Diet as Simulation of the Human Western Diet and Its Impact on the Lipidomic Profile and Gut Microbiota in Obese Rats. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010086. [PMID: 36615745 PMCID: PMC9823988 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The obesity pandemic has been strongly associated with the Western diet, characterized by the consumption of ultra-processed foods. The Western lifestyle causes gut dysbiosis leading to impaired fatty acid metabolism. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate shifts in gut microbiota and correlate these with serum fatty acid profiles in male Wistar rats fed a cafeteria diet. Ten male rats were fed with standard diet (CTL, n = 5) and cafeteria diet (CAF, n = 5) for fifteen weeks. Body weight and food intake were recorded once and three times per week, respectively. At the end of the study, fresh fecal samples were collected, tissues were removed, and serum samples were obtained for further analyses. Gut microbiota was analyzed by sequencing the V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA gene. Serum fatty acid profiles were fractioned and quantified via gas chromatography. The CAF diet induced an obese phenotype accompanied by impaired serum fatty acids, finding significantly higher proportions of total saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and C20:3 n-6, and lower C18:1 n-7 and C18:3 n-3 in the phospholipid (PL) fraction. Furthermore, circulating C10:0, total n-3 and n-7 decreased and total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), including oleic acid C18:1 n-9, increased in the cholesterol ester (CE) fraction. The obesity metabotype may be mediated by gut dysbiosis caused by a cafeteria diet rich in C16:0, C18:0, C18:1 n-9 and C18:2 n-6 fatty acids resulting in a 34:1 omega-6/omega-3 ratio. Therefore, circulating C10:0 was associated with several genera bacteria such as Prevotella (positive) and Anaerotruncus (negative). Two classes of Firmicutes, Bacilli and Erysipelotrichi, were positively correlated with PL- C20:3 n-6 and CE- 18:1 n-9, respectively. TM7 and Bacteroidetes were inversely correlated with PL-SFAs and CE- 18:2 n-6, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Laura de la Garza
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud Pública, Facultad de Salud Pública y Nutrición, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, Mexico
- Unidad de Nutrición, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-(81)-13404890 (ext. 1916)
| | - Alejandra Mayela Martínez-Tamez
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud Pública, Facultad de Salud Pública y Nutrición, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, Mexico
| | - Anael Mellado-Negrete
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud Pública, Facultad de Salud Pública y Nutrición, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, Mexico
| | - Sofía Arjonilla-Becerra
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud Pública, Facultad de Salud Pública y Nutrición, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, Mexico
| | - Gloria Itzel Peña-Vázquez
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud Pública, Facultad de Salud Pública y Nutrición, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, Mexico
| | - Luis Martín Marín-Obispo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Campus Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Carmen Hernández-Brenes
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Campus Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Integrative Biology Unit, The Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
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Chen H, Li Y, Yi P, Cao H, Wang Q, Zhao X. Dietary Interventions of Salmon and Silver Carp Phospholipids on Mice with Metabolic Syndrome Based on Lipidomics. Cells 2022; 11:3199. [PMID: 36291067 PMCID: PMC9601277 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The number of metabolic syndromes (MetS) is increasing, and a fish phospholipid diet can reduce the risk of MetS. In this study, the changes in lipid metabolism of colon contents were analyzed by extensive lipidomics in mice with metabolic syndrome by fish phospholipid diet, and mice were randomly divided into experimental groups with different diet types by establishing a MetS model. After 14 weeks, the mice were sacrificed and the serum and colon contents were collected. Ultra-high liquid phase tandem mass spectrometry was used for broadly targeted lipidomic analysis, and the qualitative and quantitative detection of lipid metabolism changes in the colonic contents of mice. Under the intervention of fish phospholipids, MetS mice were significantly inhibited, serum total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) decreased, serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) levels were improved, fasting blood glucose and insulin levels decreased, and inflammatory factors decreased. Through screening, it was found that thirty-three lipid metabolites may be key metabolites and five have significantly changed metabolic pathways. Modularizing lipid metabolites, it is possible to understand the extent to which different types and concentrations of fish phospholipids affect metabolic syndrome. Therefore, our study may provide new therapeutic clues for improving MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbiao Chen
- Team of Neonatal & Infant Development, Health and Nutrition, NDHN, School of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Yun Li
- Team of Neonatal & Infant Development, Health and Nutrition, NDHN, School of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
- Kindstar Global Precision Medicine Institute, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Ping Yi
- Kindstar Global Precision Medicine Institute, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Team of Neonatal & Infant Development, Health and Nutrition, NDHN, School of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Food Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Xiuju Zhao
- Team of Neonatal & Infant Development, Health and Nutrition, NDHN, School of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
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Ge X, He Z, Cao C, Xue T, Jing J, Ma R, Zhao W, Liu L, Jueraitetibaike K, Ma J, Feng Y, Qian Z, Zou Z, Chen L, Fu C, Song N, Yao B. Protein palmitoylation-mediated palmitic acid sensing causes blood-testis barrier damage via inducing ER stress. Redox Biol 2022; 54:102380. [PMID: 35803125 PMCID: PMC9287734 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood-testis barrier (BTB) damage promotes spermatogenesis dysfunction, which is a critical cause of male infertility. Dyslipidemia has been correlated with male infertility, but the major hazardous lipid and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we firstly discovered an elevation of palmitic acid (PA) and a decrease of inhibin B in patients with severe dyszoospermia, which leaded us to explore the effects of PA on Sertoli cells. We observed a damage of BTB by PA. PA penetration to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and its damage to ER structures were exhibited by microimaging and dynamic observation, and consequent ER stress was proved to mediate PA-induced Sertoli cell barrier disruption. Remarkably, we demonstrated a critical role of aberrant protein palmitoylation in PA-induced Sertoli cell barrier dysfunction. An ER protein, Calnexin, was screened out and was demonstrated to participate in this process, and suppression of its palmitoylation showed an ameliorating effect. We also found that ω-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids down-regulated Calnexin palmitoylation, and alleviated BTB dysfunction. Our results indicate that dysregulated palmitoylation induced by PA plays a pivotal role in BTB disruption and subsequent spermatogenesis dysfunction, suggesting that protein palmitoylation might be therapeutically targetable in male infertility. An elevation of circulating PA was identified in patients with severe dyszoospermia. PA-induced over-palmitoylation in Sertoli cells leads to ER stress and BTB damage. The palmitoylation of the ER protein Calnexin regulates Sertoli cell barrier function. ω-3 PUFAs ameliorate PA-induced damage and over-palmitoylation in Sertoli cells.
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10
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Wang L, Nong Q, Zhou Y, Sun Y, Chen W, Xie J, Zhu X, Shan T. Changes in Serum Fatty Acid Composition and Metabolome-Microbiome Responses of Heigai Pigs Induced by Dietary N-6/n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Ratio. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:917558. [PMID: 35814644 PMCID: PMC9257074 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.917558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Changing fatty acid composition is a potential nutritional strategy to shape microbial communities in pigs. However, the effect of different n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratios on serum fatty acid composition, microbiota, and their metabolites in the intestine of pigs remains unclear. Our study investigated the changes in serum fatty acid composition and metabolome–microbiome responses induced by dietary n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio based on a Heigai-pig model. A total of 54 Heigai finishing pigs (body weight: 71.59 ± 2.16 kg) fed with 3 types of diets (n-6/n-3 PUFA ratios are 8:1, 5:1, and 3:1) were randomly divided into 3 treatments with 6 replications (3 pigs per replication) for 75 days. Results showed that dietary n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio significantly affected biochemical immune indexes including glucose (Glu), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TChol), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and total thyroxine (TT4), and medium- and long-chain fatty acid composition, especially n-3 PUFA and n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio in the serum. However, no significant effects were found in the SCFAs composition and overall composition of the gut microbiota community. In the low dietary n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio group, the relative abundance of Cellulosilyticum, Bacteroides, and Alloprevotella decreased, Slackia and Sporobacter increased. Based on the metabolomic analysis, dietary n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio altered the metabolome profiles in the colon. Moreover, Pearson’s correlation analysis indicated that differential microbial genera and metabolites induced by different n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio had tight correlations and were correlated with the n-6 PUFA and n-3 PUFA content in longissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). Taken together, these results showed that lower dietary n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio improved serum fatty acid composition and metabolome–microbiome responses of Heigai pigs and may provide a new insight into regulating the metabolism of pigs and further better understanding the crosstalk with host and microbes in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyi Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiuyun Nong
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanbing Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ye Sun
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wentao Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jintang Xie
- Shandong Chunteng Food Co. Ltd., Zaozhuang, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- Shandong Chunteng Food Co. Ltd., Zaozhuang, China
| | - Tizhong Shan
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Tizhong Shan,
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11
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Serum concentration of fatty acids in children with obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Nutrition 2021; 94:111541. [PMID: 34974284 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It has been suggested that circulating fatty acids (FAs) take part in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in children with obesity. The aims of this study were to evaluate the serum FA concentration in this pediatric population. METHODS The prospective study included 80 children with obesity and suspected liver disease. Patients with viral hepatitis, autoimmune, toxic, and selected metabolic liver diseases were excluded. Criteria for NAFLD diagnosis included liver steatosis in ultrasound as well as elevated alanine transaminase (ALT) serum activity. The total intrahepatic lipid content (TILC) was assessed by magnetic resonance proton spectroscopy (1H-MRS). Fasting serum FA concentrations were measured in all children using gas-liquid chromatography. RESULTS NAFLD was diagnosed in 31 children. Total FA concentration was significantly higher (P < 0.01) in all obese children as well as in obese children with NAFLD compared with controls. In children with NAFLD, a significant, positive correlation was found between total FA concentration and cholesterol (R = 0.47, P < 0.01), triacylglycerols (R = 0.78, P < 0.001), and insulin (R = 0.45, P < 0.011). In a group of children with obesity, TILC correlated positively with saturated FA concentration (R = 0.23, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Data from the present study do support the hypothesis that FAs are potentially involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD in children with obesity.
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12
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De Spiegeleer M, De Paepe E, Van Meulebroek L, Gies I, De Schepper J, Vanhaecke L. Paediatric obesity: a systematic review and pathway mapping of metabolic alterations underlying early disease processes. Mol Med 2021; 27:145. [PMID: 34742239 PMCID: PMC8571978 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00394-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The alarming trend of paediatric obesity deserves our greatest awareness to hinder the early onset of metabolic complications impacting growth and functionality. Presently, insight into molecular mechanisms of childhood obesity and associated metabolic comorbidities is limited. This systematic review aimed at scrutinising what has been reported on putative metabolites distinctive for metabolic abnormalities manifesting at young age by searching three literature databases (Web of Science, Pubmed and EMBASE) during the last 6 years (January 2015-January 2021). Global metabolomic profiling of paediatric obesity was performed (multiple biological matrices: blood, urine, saliva and adipose tissue) to enable overarching pathway analysis and network mapping. Among 2792 screened Q1 articles, 40 met the eligibility criteria and were included to build a database on metabolite markers involved in the spectrum of childhood obesity. Differential alterations in multiple pathways linked to lipid, carbohydrate and amino acid metabolisms were observed. High levels of lactate, pyruvate, alanine and acetate marked a pronounced shift towards hypoxic conditions in children with obesity, and, together with distinct alterations in lipid metabolism, pointed towards dysbiosis and immunometabolism occurring early in life. Additionally, aberrant levels of several amino acids, most notably belonging to tryptophan metabolism including the kynurenine pathway and its relation to histidine, phenylalanine and purine metabolism were displayed. Moreover, branched-chain amino acids were linked to lipid, carbohydrate, amino acid and microbial metabolism, inferring a key role in obesity-associated insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review revealed that the main metabolites at the crossroad of dysregulated metabolic pathways underlying childhood obesity could be tracked down to one central disturbance, i.e. impending insulin resistance for which reference values and standardised measures still are lacking. In essence, glycolytic metabolism was evinced as driving energy source, coupled to impaired Krebs cycle flux and ß-oxidation. Applying metabolomics enabled to retrieve distinct metabolite alterations in childhood obesity(-related insulin resistance) and associated pathways at early age and thus could provide a timely indication of risk by elucidating early-stage biomarkers as hallmarks of future metabolically unhealthy phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot De Spiegeleer
- Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Ellen De Paepe
- Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Lieven Van Meulebroek
- Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Inge Gies
- KidZ Health Castle, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Jean De Schepper
- KidZ Health Castle, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussel, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lynn Vanhaecke
- Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium. .,Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University, University Road, Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK.
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13
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Sánchez YL, Yepes-Calderón M, Valbuena L, Milán AF, Trillos-Almanza MC, Granados S, Peña M, Estrada-Castrillón M, Aristizábal JC, Narvez-Sanchez R, Gallo-Villegas J, Calderón JC. Musclin Is Related to Insulin Resistance and Body Composition, but Not to Body Mass Index or Cardiorespiratory Capacity in Adults. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2021; 36:1055-1068. [PMID: 34674511 PMCID: PMC8566119 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2021.1104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We studied whether musclin function in humans is related to glycemic control, body composition, and cardiorespiratory capacity. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed in sedentary adults with or without metabolic syndrome (MS). Serum musclin was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Insulin resistance (IR) was evaluated by the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR). Body composition was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and muscle composition by measuring carnosine in the thigh, a surrogate of fiber types, through proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Cardiorespiratory capacity was assessed through direct ergospirometry. RESULTS The control (n=29) and MS (n=61) groups were comparable in age (51.5±6.5 years old vs. 50.7±6.1 years old), sex (72.4% vs. 70.5% women), total lean mass (58.5%±7.4% vs. 57.3%±6.8%), and peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) (31.0±5.8 mL O2./kg.min vs. 29.2±6.3 mL O2/kg.min). Individuals with MS had higher body mass index (BMI) (30.6±4.0 kg/m2 vs. 27.4± 3.6 kg/m2), HOMA-IR (3.5 [95% confidence interval, CI, 2.9 to 4.6] vs. 1.7 [95% CI, 1.1 to 2.0]), and musclin (206.7 pg/mL [95% CI, 122.7 to 387.8] vs. 111.1 pg/mL [95% CI, 63.2 to 218.5]) values than controls (P˂0.05). Musclin showed a significant relationship with HOMA-IR (β=0.23; 95% CI, 0.12 to 0.33; P˂0.01), but not with VO2peak, in multiple linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, fat mass, lean mass, and physical activity. Musclin was significantly associated with insulin, glycemia, visceral fat, and regional muscle mass, but not with BMI, VCO2peak, maximum heart rate, maximum time of work, or carnosine. CONCLUSION In humans, musclin positively correlates with insulinemia, IR, and a body composition profile with high visceral adiposity and lean mass, but low body fat percentage. Musclin is not related to BMI or cardiorespiratory capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeliana L. Sánchez
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Group-PHYSIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin,
Colombia
| | - Manuela Yepes-Calderón
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Group-PHYSIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin,
Colombia
| | - Luis Valbuena
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Group-PHYSIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin,
Colombia
- Indeportes Antioquia, Medellin,
Colombia
| | - Andrés F. Milán
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Group-PHYSIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin,
Colombia
| | - María C. Trillos-Almanza
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Group-PHYSIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin,
Colombia
| | - Sergio Granados
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Group-PHYSIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin,
Colombia
| | - Miguel Peña
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Group-PHYSIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin,
Colombia
| | | | - Juan C. Aristizábal
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Group-PHYSIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin,
Colombia
| | - Raúl Narvez-Sanchez
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Group-PHYSIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin,
Colombia
| | - Jaime Gallo-Villegas
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Group-PHYSIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin,
Colombia
- Sports Medicine Postgraduate Program, and GRINMADE Research Group, SICOR Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin,
Colombia
| | - Juan C. Calderón
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Group-PHYSIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin,
Colombia
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14
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Improved fatty acid profile reduces body fat and arterial stiffness in obese adolescents upon combinatorial intervention with exercise and dietary restriction. J Exerc Sci Fit 2021; 19:234-240. [PMID: 34552635 PMCID: PMC8429968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In order to examine the effect of 4-week combinatorial intervention with exercise training and dietary restriction on serum fatty acids, and to explore the correlation of intervention-induced improvement of serum fatty acid profile with the reduction of body fat and arterial stiffness. Methods Thirty-three obese adolescents were randomized into the intervention (n = 19) and control (n = 14) groups. The participants from the intervention group were subjected to 4-week combinatorial intervention with exercise training and dietary restriction while the participants from the control group maintained regular activities and diet habits. Anthropometry, serum fatty acids and arterial stiffness were measured before and after 4-week intervention. Results The participants upon combinatorial intervention revealed the improved body compositions and serum fatty acid profile, and reduced arterial stiffness when compared with their basal levels and the control participants (p < 0.05). Moreover, the decrease in myristic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid, palmitoleic acid, and dihomo-γ-linolenic acid, was associated with the reduction in body fat. A positive correlation between arachidonic acid and left brachial ankle pulse velocity was observed, and the increase in docosahexaenoic acid was associated with the reduction of left brachial ankle pulse wave velocity and the enhancement of right ankle brachial index. Conclusion The 4-week combinatorial intervention is a useful strategy to improve serum fatty acid profile along with the reduction of body fat and arterial stiffness in obese adolescents.
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15
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Dairy product consumption is associated with a lowering of linoleic acid within serum triglycerides in adolescent females with overweight or obesity: a secondary analysis. Br J Nutr 2021; 127:68-77. [PMID: 34027846 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521001677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Dairy fat is rich in saturated fatty acids such as palmitic acid (16:0) but low in linoleic acid (18:2n-6). The natural carbon 13 enrichment (δ13C) of 16:0 is higher in dairy fat than in most of the food supply. In adults, serum levels of pentadecanoic acid (15:0) and heptadecanoic acid (17:0) are recognized as biomarkers of dairy intake. In adolescents, no study has evaluated serum fatty acid levels or δ13C in response to chronic dairy consumption. The objectives of this study were to evaluate whether increased dairy product consumption can modulate 1) serum fatty acid levels and 2) 16:0 δ13C in adolescents with overweight/obesity who followed a 12-week weight management program. This secondary analysis of a RCT included two groups of adolescent females: recommended dairy (RDa; n=23) and low dairy (LDa; n=23). The RDa group was given 4 servings/d of dairy products while the LDa group maintained dairy intakes at ≤2 servings/d. Blood was sampled before and after the intervention. Lipids were extracted, separated, and fatty acids were quantified by gas chromatography. Isotope ratio mass spectrometry was used to assess 16:0 δ13C. There were no group differences on serum changes of 15:0 or 17:0. Within triglycerides, 18:2n-6 was lowered by 7.4% only in the RDa group (p = 0.040). The difference in delta 16:0 δ13C between the LDa and RDa group did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.070). Reductions in serum 18:2n-6 by dairy consumption could have positive health implications but more studies are needed to confirm this assertion.
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16
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Buchanan CDC, Lust CAC, Burns JL, Hillyer LM, Martin SA, Wittert GA, Ma DWL. Analysis of major fatty acids from matched plasma and serum samples reveals highly comparable absolute and relative levels. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2021; 168:102268. [PMID: 33831721 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2021.102268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Measuring fatty acid (FA) levels in blood as a risk factor for chronic disease has been studied extensively. Previous research has used either plasma or serum samples to examine these associations. However, whether results from plasma and serum samples can be compared remains unclear, as differences in methodology related to the separation of plasma and serum from whole blood may impact FA levels. This study analyzed the individual FA content of matched plasma and serum samples in both absolute (μg/mL) and relative percent (%) composition. Analyses were performed using archived fasted morning samples from the Florey Adelaide Male Ageing Study (FAMAS). Matched plasma and serum samples were available from 98 male subjects aged 40-85. Total FA were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography equipped with a flame ionization detector (GLC-FID). Analyses comprised of over 60 FA including major FA such as Palmitic Acid (PA), Palmitoleic acid (POA), Stearic Acid (SA), Oleic Acid (OA), Linoleic Acid (LNA), alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), Arachidonic Acid (ARA), and Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Differences between groups was determined by t-test. Correlation and Bland-Altman analyses were also performed to examine the relationship between plasma and serum samples. There were no significant differences between major plasma and serum fatty acids expressed in μg/mL and relative % composition. Correlation analysis determined a strong and significantly positive association (r ≥ 0.65, p < 0.05) between major plasma and serum FA in absolute and relative terms. Bland-Altman analysis further supported the strong agreement between plasma and serum values in both absolute and relative terms. These findings demonstrate that studies reporting plasma or serum fatty acid analyzed by GLC-FID can be compared with one another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor D C Buchanan
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Guelph-Humber, Toronto, ON, M9W 5L7, Canada
| | - Cody A C Lust
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Jessie L Burns
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Lyn M Hillyer
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Sean A Martin
- Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Gary A Wittert
- Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - David W L Ma
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Guelph-Humber, Toronto, ON, M9W 5L7, Canada; Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G2W1, Canada.
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17
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Supplementation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and aerobic exercise improve functioning, morphology, and redox balance in prostate obese rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6282. [PMID: 33737530 PMCID: PMC7973565 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85337-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The high-fat diet (HFD) stimulates an increase in lipids and can be prejudicial for harmful to prostatic morphogenesis. Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFAs) have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant action in some types of cancer. The combination of aerobic physical exercise and PUFA can be more effective and reduce the risk of death. The study evaluates the effects of aerobic physical exercise associated with omega-3 (fish and chia oils), on the ventral prostate of Wistar rats those fed with HFD. Here, we report that HFD modified the final body weight and the weight gain, decreased the expression of the androgen receptor and increased prostatic inflammation via TNF-α produced damage prostatic like intraepithelial neoplasia. The supplementation with fish oil decreases final body weight, reduced BCL-2 and inflammation compared to chia oil; aerobic physical exercise associated with fish oil reduced lipids circulant and prostatic, increased proteins pro-apoptotic expression and reduced IL-6 (p < 0.0001) and TNF-α potentiating the CAT (p = 0.03) and SOD-1 (p = 0.001) expression. Additionally, the chia oil increased the NRF-2 (p < 0.0001) and GSS (p = 0.4) genes. PUFAs reduced the damage caused by excessive high-fat diet in the prostate so that there is greater effectiveness in omega-3 intake, it is necessary to associate with aerobic physical exercise.
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18
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Zheng L, Zhang Z, Sheng P, Mobasheri A. The role of metabolism in chondrocyte dysfunction and the progression of osteoarthritis. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 66:101249. [PMID: 33383189 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by low-grade inflammation and high levels of clinical heterogeneity. Aberrant chondrocyte metabolism is a response to changes in the inflammatory microenvironment and may play a key role in cartilage degeneration and OA progression. Under conditions of environmental stress, chondrocytes tend to adapt their metabolism to microenvironmental changes by shifting from one metabolic pathway to another, for example from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis. Similar changes occur in other joint cells, including synoviocytes. Switching between these pathways is implicated in metabolic alterations that involve mitochondrial dysfunction, enhanced anaerobic glycolysis, and altered lipid and amino acid metabolism. The shift between oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis is mainly regulated by the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways. Chondrocyte metabolic changes are likely to be a feature of different OA phenotypes. Determining the role of chondrocyte metabolism in OA has revealed key features of disease pathogenesis. Future research should place greater emphasis on immunometabolism and altered metabolic pathways as a means to understand the pathophysiology of age-related OA. This knowledge will advance the development of new drugs against therapeutic targets of metabolic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linli Zheng
- Department of Joint Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080 China
| | - Ziji Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080 China
| | - Puyi Sheng
- Department of Joint Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080 China.
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- Department of Joint Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080 China; Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406, Vilnius, Lithuania; Departments of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Integrative Analysis of Lipid Profiles in Plasma Allows Cardiometabolic Risk Factor Clustering in Children with Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:2935278. [PMID: 33299523 PMCID: PMC7710435 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2935278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension, central obesity, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia are key risk factors for cardiovascular disease. However, the specific factors contributing to the development of unfavorable cardiometabolic characteristics in children with obesity are unknown. In this study, we investigated the cross-sectional relationships between cytokines, irisin, and fatty acid (FA) composition in plasma in school-age children with metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity (MHO and MUO, respectively) of the same age and body mass index and waist circumference percentiles. We compared the data with that of children with normal weight (NW). We found that inflammatory cytokines and low irisin plasma concentrations are associated with obesity but not with cardiometabolic risk (CMR). Lipid profiles showed that children with MUO have a distinctive FA profile compared with children with MHO and NW, whereas children with MHO shared 88% of the FA profile with the NW group. Among all FAs, concentration of myristic acid (14 : 0), arachidic acid (20 : 0), and n-3 polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) was higher in children with MHO, whereas n-6 PUFAs such as arachidonic acid (20 : 4n6) had a significant contribution in defining MUO. These data suggest that the plasma FA profile is not only a central link to obesity but also may act as an indicator of CMR presence.
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Jiang Z, Hayashi T, Kashima K, Kurotani K, Shirouchi B, Mizoue T, Sato M. Alteration of Serum Phospholipid n‐6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Compositions inNonalcoholicFatty Liver Disease in the Japanese Population: A Cross‐Sectional Study. Lipids 2020; 55:599-614. [DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Jiang
- Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School Kyushu University 744 Motooka Nishi‐ku, Fukuoka 819‐0395 Japan
| | - Takuya Hayashi
- Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School Kyushu University 744 Motooka Nishi‐ku, Fukuoka 819‐0395 Japan
| | - Kentaro Kashima
- Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School Kyushu University 744 Motooka Nishi‐ku, Fukuoka 819‐0395 Japan
| | - Kayo Kurotani
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences National Center for Global Health and Medicine 1‐21‐1, Toyama, Shinjuku‐ku, Tokyo 162‐8655 Japan
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institute of Health and Nutrition National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition 1‐23‐1 Toyama, Shinjuku‐ku, Tokyo 162‐8636 Japan
| | - Bungo Shirouchi
- Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School Kyushu University 744 Motooka Nishi‐ku, Fukuoka 819‐0395 Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizoue
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences National Center for Global Health and Medicine 1‐21‐1, Toyama, Shinjuku‐ku, Tokyo 162‐8655 Japan
| | - Masao Sato
- Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School Kyushu University 744 Motooka Nishi‐ku, Fukuoka 819‐0395 Japan
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Agrimi J, Baroni C, Anakor E, Lionetti V. Perioperative Heart-Brain Axis Protection in Obese Surgical Patients: The Nutrigenomic Approach. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:258-281. [PMID: 30324875 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666181015145225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The number of obese patients undergoing cardiac and noncardiac surgery is rapidly increasing because they are more prone to concomitant diseases, such as diabetes, thrombosis, sleep-disordered breathing, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disorders. Even if guidelines are already available to manage anesthesia and surgery of obese patients, the assessment of the perioperative morbidity and mortality from heart and brain disorders in morbidly obese surgical patients will be challenging in the next years. The present review will recapitulate the new mechanisms underlying the Heart-brain Axis (HBA) vulnerability during the perioperative period in healthy and morbidly obese patients. Finally, we will describe the nutrigenomics approach, an emerging noninvasive dietary tool, to maintain a healthy body weight and to minimize the HBA propensity to injury in obese individuals undergoing all types of surgery by personalized intake of plant compounds that may regulate the switch from health to disease in an epigenetic manner. Our review provides current insights into the mechanisms underlying HBA response in obese surgical patients and how they are modulated by epigenetically active food constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Agrimi
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carlotta Baroni
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ekene Anakor
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Lionetti
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.,UOS Anesthesiology, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
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Seah JYH, Ong CN, Koh WP, Yuan JM, van Dam RM. A Dietary Pattern Derived from Reduced Rank Regression and Fatty Acid Biomarkers Is Associated with Lower Risk of Type 2 Diabetes and Coronary Artery Disease in Chinese Adults. J Nutr 2019; 149:2001-2010. [PMID: 31386157 PMCID: PMC6825830 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combinations of circulating fatty acids may affect the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and coronary artery disease (CAD). No previous studies have identified a dietary pattern predicting fatty acid profiles using reduced rank regression (RRR) and evaluated its associations with the risk of T2D and CAD. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to derive a dietary pattern to explain variation in plasma fatty acid concentrations using RRR and evaluate these in relation to risk of T2D and CAD. METHODS We derived a dietary pattern using fatty acid concentrations from 711 controls of a nested case-control study in the Singapore Chinese Health Study using RRR with 36 food and beverages as predictors and 19 fatty acid biomarkers as responses. Dietary pattern scores were then calculated for the full cohort of men and women (mean age: 56 y). We followed up 45,411 and 58,065 participants for incident T2D and CAD mortality, respectively. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to estimate HRs and 95% CIs. RESULTS We identified a dietary pattern high in soy, vegetables, fruits, tea, tomato products, bread, fish, margarine and dairy, and low in rice, red meat, coffee, alcohol, sugar-sweetened beverages, and eggs. This pattern predicted higher circulating n-3 (ω-3) PUFAs (18:3n-3, 20:3n-3, 20:5n-3), odd-chain fatty acids (15:0, 17:0), 18:2n-6 and 20:1, and lower 20:4n-6 and 16:1. During a mean follow-up of 11 y and 19 y, 5207 T2D and 3016 CAD mortality events, respectively, were identified. Higher dietary pattern scores were associated with a lower risk of T2D [multivariable-adjusted HR comparing extreme quintiles, 0.86 (95% CI: 0.79, 0.95); P-trend <0.001] and CAD mortality [HR, 0.76 (95% CI: 0.68, 0.86); P-trend <0.001]. CONCLUSIONS Dietary patterns reflecting higher circulating n-3 PUFAs, odd-chain fatty acids, and linoleic acid may be associated with lower T2D and CAD risk in Chinese adults. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03356340.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jowy Y H Seah
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, NUS, Singapore
| | - Choon Nam Ong
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore
- Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rob M van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, NUS, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, NUS and National University Health System, Singapore
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Ni K, Wang D, Xu H, Mei F, Wu C, Liu Z, Zhou B. miR-21 promotes non-small cell lung cancer cells growth by regulating fatty acid metabolism. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:219. [PMID: 31462892 PMCID: PMC6708160 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0941-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide. CD36 is a receptor for fatty acids and plays an important role in regulating fatty acid metabolism, which is closely related to tumorigenesis and development. The regulation of miR-21 and its role in tumorigenesis have been extensively studied in recent years. However, the relationship between miR-21 and CD36 regulated fatty acid metabolism in human non-small cell lung cancer remains unknown. Methods In this study, lentivirus transfection, qRT-PCR, cell migration, immunofluorescence, and western blot were used to examine the relationship between miR-21 and CD36 regulated fatty acid metabolism and the regulation role of miR-21 in human non-small cell lung cancer. Results This study demonstrated that up-regulation of miR-21 promoted cell migration and cell growth in human non-small cell lung cancer cells. Moreover, the intracellular contents of lipids including cellular content of phospholipids, neutral lipids content, cellular content of triglycerides were significantly increased following miR-21 mimic treatment compared with control, and the levels of key lipid metabolic enzymes FASN, ACC1 and FABP5 were obviously enhanced in human non-small cell lung cancer cells. Furthermore, down-regulation of CD36 suppressed miR-21 regulated cell growth, migration and intracellular contents of lipids in human non-small cell lung cancer cells, which suggested that miR-21 promoted cell growth and migration of human non-small cell lung cancer cells through CD36 mediated fatty acid metabolism. Inhibition of miR-21 was revealed to inhibit cell growth, migration, intracellular contents of lipids, and CD36 protein expression level in human non-small cell lung cancer cells. In addition, PPARGC1B was a direct target of miR-21, and down-regulation of PPARGC1B reversed the inhibition of CD36 expression induced by miR-21 inhibitor. Conclusions These results explored the mechanism of miR-21 promoted non-small cell lung cancer and might provide a novel therapeutic method in treating non-small cell lung cancer in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewei Ni
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Dimin Wang
- 2College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Heyun Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Fuyang Mei
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Changhao Wu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Zhifang Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Zhou
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
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Narvaez-Sanchez R, Calderón JC, Vega G, Trillos MC, Ospina S. Skeletal muscle as a protagonist in the pregnancy metabolic syndrome. Med Hypotheses 2019; 126:26-37. [PMID: 31010495 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The pregnant woman normally shows clinical manifestations similar to a metabolic syndrome (MS), due to her metabolic and hemodynamic adaptations in order to share nutrients with the child. If those adjustments are surpassed, a kind of pregnancy MS (PregMS) could appear, characterized by excessive insulin resistance and vascular maladaptation. Skeletal muscle (SKM) must be a protagonist in the PregMS: SKM strength and mass have been associated inversely with MS incidence in non-pregnant patients, and in pregnant women muscular activity modulates metabolic and vascular adaptations that favor better outcomes. Of note, a sedentary lifestyle affects exactly in the other way. Those effects may be explained not only by the old paradigm of SKM being a great energy consumer and store, but because it is an endocrine organ whose chronic activity or deconditioning correspondingly releases myokines modulating insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular adaptation, by direct or indirect mechanisms not well understood. In this document, we present evidence to support the concept of a PregMS and hypothesize on the role of the SKM mass, fiber types composition and myokines in its pathophysiology. Also, we discuss some exercise interventions in pregnancy as a way to test our hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Narvaez-Sanchez
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Group PHYSIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia; Red iberoamericana de trastornos vasculares y del embarazo, RIVATREM, Colombia.
| | - Juan C Calderón
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Group PHYSIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia. http://www.udea.edu.co/physis
| | - Gloria Vega
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Group PHYSIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia. http://www.udea.edu.co/physis
| | - Maria Camila Trillos
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Group PHYSIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia. http://www.udea.edu.co/physis
| | - Sara Ospina
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Group PHYSIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia. http://www.udea.edu.co/physis
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Tang J, Yan Y, Li J, Yang B, Zhao X, Wan Y, Zheng JS, Mi J, Li D. Relationship between erythrocyte phospholipid fatty acid composition and obesity in children and adolescents. J Clin Lipidol 2019; 13:70-79.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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26
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Sabogal-Guáqueta AM, Villamil-Ortiz JG, Arias-Londoño JD, Cardona-Gómez GP. Inverse Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylinositol Levels as Peripheral Biomarkers and Phosphatidylcholine/Lysophosphatidylethanolamine-Phosphatidylserine as Hippocampal Indicator of Postischemic Cognitive Impairment in Rats. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:989. [PMID: 30627084 PMCID: PMC6309919 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular dementia is a transversal phenomenon in different kinds of neurodegenerative diseases involving acute and chronic brain alterations. Specifically, the role of phospholipids in the pathogenesis of dementia remains unknown. In the present study, we explored phospholipid profiles a month postischemia in cognitively impaired rats. The two-vessel occlusion (2-VO) model was used to generate brain parenchyma ischemia in adult male rats confirmed by alterations in myelin, endothelium, astrocytes and inflammation mediator. A lipidomic analysis was performed via mass spectrometry in the hippocampus and serum a month postischemia. We found decreases in phospholipids (PLs) associated with neurotransmission, such as phosphatidylcholine (PC 32:0, PC 34:2, PC 36:3, PC 36:4, and PC 42:1), and increases in PLs implied in membrane structure and signaling, such as lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE 18:1, 20:3, and 22:6) and phosphatidylserine (PS 38:4, 36:2, and 40:4), in the hippocampus. Complementarily, PC (PC 34:2, PC 34:3, PC 38:5, and PC 36:5) and ether-PC (ePC 34:1, 34:2, 36:2, 38:2, and 38:3) decreased, while Lyso-PC (LPC 18:0, 18:1, 20:4, 20:5, and LPC 22:6) and phosphatidylinositol (PI 36:2, 38:4, 38:5, and 40:5), as neurovascular state sensors, increased in the serum. Taken together, these data suggest inverse PC/LPC-PI levels as peripheral biomarkers and inverse PC/LPE-PS as a central indicator of postischemic cognitive impairment in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Maria Sabogal-Guáqueta
- Neuroscience Group of Antioquia, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area - School of Medicine, Sede de Investigación Universitaria (SIU), University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Javier Gustavo Villamil-Ortiz
- Neuroscience Group of Antioquia, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area - School of Medicine, Sede de Investigación Universitaria (SIU), University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | | | - Gloria Patricia Cardona-Gómez
- Neuroscience Group of Antioquia, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area - School of Medicine, Sede de Investigación Universitaria (SIU), University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
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Kučera J, Spáčil Z, Friedecký D, Novák J, Pekař M, Bienertová-Vašků J. Human White Adipose Tissue Metabolome: Current Perspective. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26:1870-1878. [PMID: 30369078 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interest in metabolites produced by adipose tissue has increased substantially in the past several decades. Previously regarded as an inert energy storage depot, adipose tissue is now viewed as a complex metabolically active organ with considerable impact on human health. The emerging field of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics presents a powerful tool for the study of processes in complex biological matrices including adipose tissue. RESULTS A large number of structurally distinct metabolites can be analyzed to facilitate the investigation of differences between physiological and pathophysiological metabolic profiles associated with adipose tissue. Understanding the molecular basis of adipose tissue regulation can thereby provide insight into the monitoring of obesity-related metabolic disorders and lead to the development of novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS This review provides the current state of knowledge, recent progress, and critical evaluation of metabolomics approaches in the context of white adipose tissue and obesity. An overview of basic principles and resources describing individual groups of metabolites analyzed in white adipose tissue and biological fluids is given. The focus is on metabolites that can serve as reliable biomarkers indicative of metabolic alterations associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kučera
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Spáčil
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Friedecký
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Novák
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Matěj Pekař
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Surgery, Vitkovice Hospital, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Julie Bienertová-Vašků
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Oliveira RGD, Guedes DP. PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS AND METABOLIC SYNDROME IN ADOLESCENTS. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-869220182404174502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction: Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) has been associated with sedentary behavior, low levels of physical activity and of cardiorespiratory fitness. However, in adolescents the results are conflicting. Objective: To measure the association between sedentary behavior, physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness and MetS in a representative sample of adolescents. Methods: The sample consisted of 1,035 adolescents (565 girls and 470 boys) between 12 and 20 years of age. Sedentary behavior was treated through recreational screen time, while information equivalent to physical activity was considered through the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents. The maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), estimated through PACER performance, was used as an indicator of cardiorespiratory fitness. MetS was identified using the criteria of the International Diabetes Federation. Results: Adolescents of both sexes identified with MetS had significantly longer recreational screen time and lower VO2max than their unidentified MetS peers. Scores equivalent to the level of physical activity undertaken by adolescents identified and not identified with MetS were statistically similar. Probabilistically, adolescents with high recreational screen time and low VO2max had, respectively, 79% [OR = 1.79; 95% CI 1.10 – 2.82] and 95% [OR = 1.95; 95% CI 1.20 – 3.09] greater odds of being identified with MetS. Conclusion: The findings indicate consistent and significant associations between longer recreational screen time, low VO2max values and high prevalence of MetS, which suggests specific interventions designed to help minimize cardiometabolic risk exposure from a very early age. Level of Evidence III; Prognostic Studies - Investigating the Effect of a Patient's Characteristics on the Disease Outcome.
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Hu X, Ge X, Liang W, Shao Y, Jing J, Wang C, Zeng R, Yao B. Effects of saturated palmitic acid and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on Sertoli cell apoptosis. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2018; 64:368-380. [PMID: 29798686 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2018.1471554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is believed to negatively affect male semen quality and is accompanied by dysregulation of free fatty acid (FFA) metabolism in plasma. However, the implication of dysregulated FFA on semen quality and the involvement of Sertoli cells remain unclear. In the present study, we report obesity decreased Sertoli cell viability through dysregulated FFAs. We observed an increased rate of apoptosis in Sertoli cells, accompanied with elevated FFA levels, in the testes of obese mice that were provided a high-fat diet (HFD). Moreover, the levels of reactive oxygen species were elevated. Furthermore, we demonstrated by in vitro assays that saturated palmitic acid (PA), which is the most common saturated FFA in plasma, led to decreased cell viability of TM4 Sertoli cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. A similar finding was noted in primary mouse Sertoli cells. In contrast to saturated FFA, omega-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) protected Sertoli cells from PA-induced lipotoxicity at the physiologically relevant levels. These results indicated that the lipotoxicity of saturated fatty acids might be the cause of obesity-induced Sertoli cell apoptosis, which leads to decreased semen quality. In addition, ω-3 PUFAs could be classified as protective FFAs. ABBREVIATIONS FFA: free fatty acid; HFD: high-fat diet; SD: standard diet; PA: palmitic acid; PUFA: polyunsaturated fatty acid; AI: apoptotic index; MTT: 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide; ROS: reactive oxygen species; HE: Hematoxylin and eosin; WT1: Wilm Tumor 1; NAFLD: non- alcoholic fatty liver disease; DCFH-DA: 2', 7' dichlorofluorescin diacetate; 36B4: acidic ribosomal phosphoprotein P0; SD: standard deviation; EPA: eicosapentaenoic acid; PI: propidium iodide; DHA: docosahexenoic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechun Hu
- a Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine , Nanjing University , Nanjing , PR China
| | - Xie Ge
- a Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine , Nanjing University , Nanjing , PR China
| | - Wei Liang
- b Traditional Chinese Medicine Department , Nanjing No. 454 Hospital , Nanjing , PR China
| | - Yong Shao
- a Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine , Nanjing University , Nanjing , PR China
| | - Jun Jing
- a Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine , Nanjing University , Nanjing , PR China
| | - Cencen Wang
- a Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine , Nanjing University , Nanjing , PR China
| | - Rong Zeng
- a Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine , Nanjing University , Nanjing , PR China
| | - Bing Yao
- a Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine , Nanjing University , Nanjing , PR China
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Sabogal-Guáqueta AM, Posada-Duque R, Cortes NC, Arias-Londoño JD, Cardona-Gómez GP. Changes in the hippocampal and peripheral phospholipid profiles are associated with neurodegeneration hallmarks in a long-term global cerebral ischemia model: Attenuation by Linalool. Neuropharmacology 2018; 135:555-571. [PMID: 29680773 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipid alterations in the brain are associated with progressive neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment after acute and chronic injuries. Various types of treatments have been evaluated for their abilities to block the progression of the impairment, but effective treatments targeting long-term post-stroke alterations are not available. In this study, we analyzed changes in the central and peripheral phospholipid profiles in ischemic rats and determined whether a protective monoterpene, Linalool, could modify them. We used an in vitro model of glutamate (125 μM) excitotoxicity and an in vivo global ischemia model in Wistar rats. Linalool (0.1 μM) protected neurons and astrocytes by reducing LDH release and restoring ATP levels. Linalool was administered orally at a dose of 25 mg/kg every 24 h for a month, behavioral tests were performed, and a lipidomic analysis was conducted using mass spectrometry. Animals treated with Linalool displayed faster neurological recovery than untreated ischemic animals, accompanied by better motor and cognitive performances. These results were confirmed by the significant reduction in astrogliosis, microgliosis and COX-2 marker, involving a decrease of 24:0 free fatty acid in the hippocampus. The altered profiles of phospholipids composed of mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PC 36:1; 42:1 (24:0/18:1)/LPC 22:6)/LPE 22:6) in the ischemic hippocampus and the upregulation of PI 36:2 and other LCFA (long chain fatty acids) in the serum of ischemic rats were prevented by the monoterpene. Based on these data, alterations in the central and peripheral phospholipid profiles after long-term was attenuated by oral Linalool, promoting a phospholipid homeostasis, related to the recovery of brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Maria Sabogal-Guáqueta
- Neuroscience Group of Antioquia, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area - School of Medicine, SIU, University of Antioquia, Calle 70 # 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Rafael Posada-Duque
- Neuroscience Group of Antioquia, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area - School of Medicine, SIU, University of Antioquia, Calle 70 # 52-21, Medellín, Colombia; Institute of Biology, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Natalie Charlotte Cortes
- Grupo de Investigación en Sustancias Bioactivas, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquía, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Gloria Patricia Cardona-Gómez
- Neuroscience Group of Antioquia, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area - School of Medicine, SIU, University of Antioquia, Calle 70 # 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
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Aristizabal JC, González-Zapata LI, Estrada-Restrepo A, Monsalve-Alvarez J, Restrepo-Mesa SL, Gaitán D. Concentrations of Plasma Free Palmitoleic and Dihomo-Gamma Linoleic Fatty Acids Are Higher in Children with Abdominal Obesity. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10010031. [PMID: 29301242 PMCID: PMC5793259 DOI: 10.3390/nu10010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased plasma free fatty acids (FFAs) are associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in adults with abdominal obesity (AO). However, this association remains controversial in children. This study analyzed plasma FFA concentration in children with and without AO. Twenty-nine children classified with AO were matched by age and sex with 29 non-obese individuals. Blood samples were collected after fasting for 10–12 h. Plasma concentration of glucose, insulin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were determined by automatized methods. FFAs were analyzed by gas chromatography. Children with and without AO had similar age (7.1 ± 2.6 vs. 7.2 ± 2.7 years; p > 0.05) but obese children showed higher (p < 0.05) body mass index (BMI) (+4.3 kg/m2), systolic blood pressure (+5.1 mmHg), and insulin (+27.8 pmol/L). There were no significant differences in plasma total FFA concentration between groups (1.02 ± 0.61 vs. 0.89 ± 0.37 mmol/L; p > 0.05). However, children with AO had higher palmitoleic acid (0.94 vs. 0.70 wt %; p < 0.05) and dihomo-gamma linoleic acid (DHGL) (2.76 vs. 2.07 wt %; p < 0.05). Palmitoleic and DHGL acids correlated (p < 0.05) with BMI (r = 0.397; r = 0.296, respectively) and with waist circumference (r = 0.380; r = 0.276, respectively). Palmitoleic acid correlated positively with systolic blood pressure (r = 0.386; p < 0.05) and negatively with HDL-C (−0.572; p < 0.01). In summary, children with AO have higher plasmatic concentrations of free palmitoleic and DHGL fatty acids, which correlate with cardiometabolic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Aristizabal
- Grupo de Investigación en Fisiología y Bioquímica (PHYSIS), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050025, Colombia.
| | - Laura I González-Zapata
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050025, Colombia.
- Grupo de Investigación en Determinantes Sociales y Económicos de la Salud y la Nutrición, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
| | - Alejandro Estrada-Restrepo
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050025, Colombia.
- Grupo de Investigación en Demografía y Salud, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
| | | | - Sandra L Restrepo-Mesa
- Grupo de Investigación Alimentación y Nutrición Humana, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
| | - Diego Gaitán
- Grupo de Investigación Alimentación y Nutrición Humana, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
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32
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Oliveira RGD, Guedes DP. Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescents: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Evidence. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168503. [PMID: 27997601 PMCID: PMC5173371 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been diagnosed in adolescents and among the associated factors are low levels of physical activity, sedentary behavior over long periods and low cardiorespiratory fitness. However, specifically in adolescents, studies present conflicting results. The aim of the present study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies, in order to map the association between physical activity, sedentary behavior, cardiorespiratory fitness and MetS in adolescents. Methods A search was performed in the databases PubMed, SPORTDiscus, LILACS and the Cochrane Library. For the meta-analysis, the odds ratio (OR) was calculated together with the respective confidence intervals (95% CI), in which the measures of effect were analyzed by dichotomous data (exposure variables) with MetS used as events. Results Eighteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. Primary analysis demonstrated that low levels of physical activity (OR = 1.35 [1.03 to 1.79]; p = 0.03) and low cardiorespiratory fitness (OR = 4.05 [2.09 to 7.87]; p < 0.01) were significantly associated with the development of MetS, while for sedentary behavior, represented by screen time > 2 hours/day, a significant association was not identified (OR = 1.20 [0.91 to 1.59]; p = 0.20). Subgroup analyses demonstrated that the association between low physical activity and MetS was dependent on the use of the accelerometry technique (OR = 2.93 [1.56 to 5.47]; p < 0.01). Screen time > 2 hours/day was significantly associated with MetS only on weekends (OR = 2.05 [1.13 to 3.73]; p = 0.02). With respect to cardiorespiratory fitness, a significant association with MetS was found independent of the maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) measurement method. Conclusions Low levels of physical activity, low indices of cardiorespiratory fitness and sedentary behavior, represented by screen time > 2 hours/day on weekends, were significantly associated with the development of MetS in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Gonçalves de Oliveira
- Centro de Pesquisa em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Norte do Paraná (UNOPAR), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná (UENP), Jacarezinho, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Dartagnan Pinto Guedes
- Centro de Pesquisa em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Norte do Paraná (UNOPAR), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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