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Costello LA, Ziegler K, McCormack L, Akbaryan A, Vargas JC, Harris WS, Jackson KH, Barber M, Morales S, Elliott AJ, Hockett C, Shuffrey LC. Pre-pregnancy overweight or obesity moderates the association between prenatal maternal depressive symptoms and infant cord blood omega-3 levels. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2024; 24:535. [PMID: 39143534 PMCID: PMC11323614 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-024-06732-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Empirical evidence has demonstrated associations between pre-pregnancy obesity and perinatal maternal depressive symptoms. Omega-3 is an essential fatty acid derived from dietary sources that is critical for fetal brain development. Pre-pregnancy obesity is associated with higher omega-3 intake, but a weaker association between dietary intake and respective maternal and cord blood omega-3 levels. Further, lower intake of omega-3 during pregnancy has been linked to higher depressive symptoms. Yet, prior studies have not examined the interactive effects of pre-pregnancy overweight or obesity (OWOB) and prenatal maternal mental health symptoms on infant cord blood omega-3 levels. METHODS Participants included 394 maternal-infant dyads from the NIH Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) - Safe Passage Study in South Dakota. A pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) > 25 was used to dichotomize participants as OWOB (54%) vs. non-OWOB (46%). Prenatal maternal depressive symptoms were measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and prenatal maternal anxiety symptoms were measured using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). We implemented linear regression models to examine the interaction term between pre-pregnancy BMI category and prenatal maternal mental health symptoms on cord blood omega-3 levels. Secondary analyses were stratified by pre-pregnancy BMI category. RESULTS We observed a significant interaction between pre-pregnancy BMI category and prenatal maternal depressive symptoms with cord blood omega-3 (F(4,379) = 6.21, p < .0001, adj. R2 = 0.05). Stratified models revealed an association between prenatal maternal depressive symptoms with lower cord blood omega-3 levels only among individuals with pre-pregnancy OWOB (β = -0.06, 95% CI = -0.11, -0.02; F (2,208) = 4.00, p < .05, adj R2 = 0.03). No associations were observed among non-OWOB participants. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest maternal-placental transfer of omega-3 may represent one pathway by which maternal metabolic and mental health impacts infant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Costello
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, One Park Avenue, 8th Floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
| | - Katherine Ziegler
- Avera Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, 57108, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Dakota School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD, 57108, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Dakota School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD, 57108, USA
| | - Lacey McCormack
- Avera Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, 57108, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Dakota School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD, 57108, USA
| | - Anahid Akbaryan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, One Park Avenue, 8th Floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Julianna Collazo Vargas
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, One Park Avenue, 8th Floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - William S Harris
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Dakota School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD, 57108, USA
- Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, 57106, USA
| | - Kristina H Jackson
- Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, 57106, USA
- OmegaQuant Analytics, LLC, Sioux Falls, SD, 57106, USA
| | - Maria Barber
- Avera Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, 57108, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Dakota School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD, 57108, USA
| | - Santiago Morales
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90007, USA
| | - Amy J Elliott
- Avera Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, 57108, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Dakota School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD, 57108, USA
| | - Christine Hockett
- Avera Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, 57108, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Dakota School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD, 57108, USA
| | - Lauren C Shuffrey
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, One Park Avenue, 8th Floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA
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Ortiz M, Álvarez D, Muñoz Y, Crisosto N, Valenzuela R, Maliqueo M. Linoleic and Arachidonic Fatty Acids and their Potential Relationship with Inflammation, Pregnancy, and Fetal Development. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:5046-5060. [PMID: 37415369 DOI: 10.2174/0929867331666230706161144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
A healthy maternal diet must consider an appropriate supply of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) precursors to ensure adequate growth and development of the fetus. In this regard, n-6 PUFAs, predominantly linoleic (C18:2 n-6, LA) and arachidonic acid (C20:4 n-6), have a central role in the development of the central nervous system because they are part of the membrane structure and participate in the metabolism and signal transduction of cells. Nevertheless, they can also be transformed into inflammatory metabolites promoting the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and autoimmune or inflammatory conditions. In modern westernized societies, there is a high dietary consumption of foods rich in n-6 PUFAs which could have detrimental consequences for the fetus and neonate due to excessive exposure to these fatty acids (FAs). OBJECTIVE To summarize the evidence of maternal, placental, and fetal alterations that an excessive intake of n-6 polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs), LA, and AA, could produce during pregnancy. METHODS A thorough review of the literature regarding the effects of n-6 PUFAs during pregnancy and lactation including in vivo and in vitro models, was carried out using the PubMed database from the National Library of Medicine-National Institutes of Health. RESULTS An elevated intake of n-6 PUFA, specifically LA, during pregnancy influences children's motor, cognitive, and verbal development during infancy and early childhood. Similarly, they could harm the placenta and the development of other fetal organs such as the fat tissue, liver, and cardiovascular system. CONCLUSION Maternal diet, specifically LA intake, could have significant repercussions on fetal development and long-term consequences in the offspring, including the possibility of future metabolic and mental diseases. It would be necessary to focus on the prevention of these alterations through timely dietary interventions in the target population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Ortiz
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine West Division, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Álvarez
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine West Division, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yasna Muñoz
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine West Division, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás Crisosto
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine West Division, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Faculty of Medicine, Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Nutrition Department, School of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel Maliqueo
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine West Division, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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3
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Nikolajeva K, Aizbalte O, Piskurjova A, Rezgale R, Cauce V, Začs D, Meija L. Fatty Acid Composition of a Maternal Diet and Erythrocyte Phospholipid Status in Latvian Pregnant Women. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1514. [PMID: 37763633 PMCID: PMC10532992 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59091514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Dietary fats are essential for maternal and fetal health. Fatty acids (FAs) in erythrocytes characterize the FA profile, which is influenced by diet and other factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the main FAs in erythrocyte membrane phospholipids and their influencing factors-dietary fat and supplement intake and lifestyle factors-in Latvian pregnant women. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study included 236 pregnant and postpartum women. The data were collected from medical documentation, a food frequency questionnaire, and a questionnaire on demographic, lifestyle, health status, and nutritional habits in outpatient clinics and maternity departments. FAs in erythrocyte membrane phospholipids were determined using gas chromatography. RESULTS Correlations were found between dietary SFAs and erythrocyte SFAs (r = -0.140, p = 0.032) and PUFAs (r = 0.167, p = 0.01) and between dietary PUFAs and erythrocyte MUFAs (r = -0.143, p = 0.028). Dietary SFAs, MUFAs, and PUFAs positively correlated with the studied n-3 and n-6 FAs in erythrocytes. Vitamin D correlated positively with MUFA and negatively with total PUFA and AA in erythrocytes. There was a negative correlation between dietary vitamin A and linoleic acid in erythrocytes. Physical activity negatively correlated with erythrocyte MUFAs and positively with erythrocyte PUFAs. Alcohol consumption positively correlated with erythrocyte SFAs and negatively with erythrocyte PUFAs. CONCLUSIONS There are indications that some dietary FAs may be correlated with erythrocyte FAs. Possible influencing factors for this association are alcohol, physical activity, vitamin D, and vitamin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenija Nikolajeva
- Doctoral Department, Faculty of “Medicine”, Rīga Stradiņš University, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Rīga, Latvia
- Riga East Clinical University Hospital, 2 Hipokrata Street, LV-1038 Rīga, Latvia;
| | - Olga Aizbalte
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Rīga Stradiņš University, 9 Kronvalda bulvāris, LV-1010 Rīga, Latvia; (O.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Anna Piskurjova
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Rīga Stradiņš University, 9 Kronvalda bulvāris, LV-1010 Rīga, Latvia; (O.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Roberta Rezgale
- Faculty of Medicine, Rīga Stradiņš University, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Rīga, Latvia; (R.R.); (V.C.)
| | - Vinita Cauce
- Faculty of Medicine, Rīga Stradiņš University, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Rīga, Latvia; (R.R.); (V.C.)
| | - Dzintars Začs
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment “BIOR”, Lejupes Street 3, LV-1076 Rīga, Latvia;
| | - Laila Meija
- Riga East Clinical University Hospital, 2 Hipokrata Street, LV-1038 Rīga, Latvia;
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Rīga Stradiņš University, 9 Kronvalda bulvāris, LV-1010 Rīga, Latvia; (O.A.); (A.P.)
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Fernando KK, Craig JM, Dawson SL. Relationships between the maternal prenatal diet and epigenetic state in infants: a systematic review of human studies. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2023; 14:540-555. [PMID: 37496159 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174423000211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Most human studies investigating the relationship between maternal diet in pregnancy and infant epigenetic state have focused on macro- and micro-nutrient intake, rather than the whole diet. This makes it difficult to translate the evidence into practical prenatal dietary recommendations.To review the evidence on how the prenatal diet relates to the epigenetic state of infants measured in the first year of life via candidate gene or genome-wide approaches.Following the PRISMA guidelines, this systematic literature search was completed in August 2020, and updated in August 2021 and April 2022. Studies investigating dietary supplementation were excluded. Risk of bias was assessed, and the certainty of results was analysed with consideration of study quality and validity.Seven studies were included, encompassing 6852 mother-infant dyads. One study was a randomised controlled trial and the remaining six were observational studies. There was heterogeneity in dietary exposure measures. Three studies used an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) design and four focused on candidate genes from cord blood samples. All studies showed inconsistent associations between maternal dietary measures and DNA methylation in infants. Effect sizes of maternal diet on DNA methylation ranged from very low (< 1%) to high (> 10%). All studies had limitations and were assessed as having moderate to high risk of bias.The evidence presented here provides very low certainty that dietary patterns in pregnancy relate to epigenetic state in infants. We recommend that future studies maximise sample sizes and optimise and harmonise methods of dietary measurement and pipelines of epigenetic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathya K Fernando
- Department of Immunology & Pathology, Alfred Health and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jeffrey M Craig
- Epigenetics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
- IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Australia
| | - Samantha L Dawson
- Epigenetics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
- IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Australia
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Policastro V, Righelli D, Ravà L, Vernocchi P, Bianchi M, Vallone C, Signore F, Manco M. Dietary Fatty Acids Contribute to Maintaining the Balance between Pro-Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Responses during Pregnancy. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112432. [PMID: 37299395 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During pregnancy, the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses is essential for ensuring healthy outcomes. Dietary Fatty acids may modulate inflammation. METHODS We investigated the association between dietary fatty acids as profiled on red blood cells membranes and a few pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, including the adipokines leptin and adiponectin at ~38 weeks in 250 healthy women. RESULTS We found a number of associations, including, but not limited to those of adiponectin with C22:3/C22:4 (coeff -1.44; p = 0.008), C18:1 c13/c14 (coeff 1.4; p = 0.02); endotoxin with C20:1 (coeff -0.9; p = 0.03), C22:0 (coeff -0.4; p = 0.05); MCP-1 with C16:0 (coeff 0.8; p = 0.04); and ICAM-1 with C14:0 (coeff -86.8; p = 0.045). Several cytokines including leptin were associated with maternal body weight (coeff 0.9; p = 2.31 × 10-5), smoking habits (i.e., ICAM-1 coeff 133.3; p = 0.09), or gestational diabetes (i.e., ICAM-1 coeff 688; p = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS In a general cohort of pregnant women, the intake of fatty acids influenced the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory molecules together with weight gain, smoking habits, and gestational diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Policastro
- Department of Political Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo "Mauro Picone", National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Dario Righelli
- Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo "Mauro Picone", National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Padova, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Lucilla Ravà
- Clinical Epidemiology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Pamela Vernocchi
- Unit of Human Microbiome, Multimodal Laboratory Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Marzia Bianchi
- Research Unit of Molecular Genetics of Complex Phenotypes, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Vallone
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, USL Roma1, San Filippo Neri Hospital, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Signore
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, USL Roma2, Sant 'Eugenio Hospital, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Melania Manco
- Research Area for Fetal, Neonatal and Cardiological Sciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Roma, Italy
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Mandato C, Panera N, Alisi A. Pregnancy and Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2023. [PMID: 37495342 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), the term proposed to substitute nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, comprises not only liver features but also potentially associated metabolic dysfunctions. Since experimental studies in mice and retrospective clinical studies in humans investigated the association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease during pregnancy and the adverse clinical outcomes in mothers and offspring, it is plausible that MAFLD may cause similar or worse effects on mother and the offspring. Only a few studies have investigated the possible association of maternal MAFLD with more severe pregnancy-related complications. This article provides an overview of the evidence for this dangerous liaison.
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Castaño-Moreno E, Ronco AM, Casanello P. Metabolic Interaction Between Folate, Vitamin B12, and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Pregnancy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1428:83-98. [PMID: 37466770 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-32554-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Fetal growth and development are influenced by maternal nutrition and gestational weight gain. Adequate intake of nutrients such as folate, vitamin B12, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is essential for healthy fetal and placental development. Many countries have a national flour fortification program with folic acid (FA), together with pre-pregnancy supplementation of FA (400 μg/day) during the first trimester of pregnancy. The latter has been recommended by the WHO and adapted to local requirements by perinatal guidelines. On the other hand, in population studies, many women of childbearing age have vitamin B12 deficiency (<148 pmol/L), which can be additionally masked by high FA intake and maternal pregestational obesity. Under these conditions, these patients could be having pregnancies in a folate/vitamin B12 imbalance, which is associated with higher adiposity, insulin resistance, altered lipid metabolism, and low DHA levels in their offspring. However, if these neonatal consequences of maternal pregestational obesity and folate/vitamin B12 imbalance can be reverted by DHA supplementation during pregnancy has not been addressed. This chapter reviews the literature and exposes the current gaps in knowledge and challenges in maternal nutrition with a life-course perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Castaño-Moreno
- Laboratorio de Nutrición y Regulación Metabólica, Unidad de Nutrición Humana - Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA) - Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Ana María Ronco
- Laboratorio de Nutrición y Regulación Metabólica, Unidad de Nutrición Humana - Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA) - Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Casanello
- Department of Neonatology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Department of Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Uc A, Strandvik B, Yao J, Liu X, Yi Y, Sun X, Welti R, Engelhardt J, Norris A. The fatty acid imbalance of cystic fibrosis exists at birth independent of feeding in pig and ferret models. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:1773-1791. [PMID: 36416119 PMCID: PMC9747517 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Persons with cystic fibrosis (CF) exhibit a unique alteration of fatty acid composition, marked especially among polyunsaturates by relative deficiency of linoleic acid and excess of Mead acid. Relative deficiency of docosahexaenoic acid is variably found. However, the initial development of these abnormalities is not understood. We examined fatty acid composition in young CF ferrets and pigs, finding abnormalities from the day of birth onward including relative deficiency of linoleic acid in both species. Fatty acid composition abnormalities were present in both liver and serum phospholipids of newborn CF piglets even prior to feeding, including reduced linoleic acid and increased Mead acid. Serum fatty acid composition evolved over the first weeks of life in both non-CF and CF ferrets, though differences between CF and non-CF persisted. Although red blood cell phospholipid fatty acid composition was normal in newborn animals, it became perturbed in juvenile CF ferrets including relative deficiencies of linoleic and docosahexaenoic acids and excess of Mead acid. In summary, fatty acid composition abnormalities in CF pigs and ferrets exist from a young age including at birth independent of feeding and overlap extensively with the abnormalities found in humans with CF. That the abnormalities exist prior to feeding implies that dietary measures alone will not address the mechanisms of imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliye Uc
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, U.S.A
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, U.S.A
| | - Birgitta Strandvik
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet NEO, Flemingsberg, Stockholm 14183, Sweden
| | - Jianrong Yao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, U.S.A
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, U.S.A
| | - Yaling Yi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, U.S.A
| | - Xingshen Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, U.S.A
| | - Ruth Welti
- Kansas Lipidomics Research Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, U.S.A
| | - John F. Engelhardt
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, U.S.A
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, U.S.A
| | - Andrew W. Norris
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, U.S.A
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, U.S.A
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Baas RE, Hutten BA, Henrichs J, Vrijkotte TGM. Associations Between Maternal Lipid Blood Levels at the 13th Week of Pregnancy and Offspring's Adiposity at Age 11-12 Years. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e4048-e4057. [PMID: 35861593 PMCID: PMC9516046 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT There is increasing evidence that intrauterine lipid metabolism influences the adiposity of the newborn and the first years thereafter. It remains unclear if these effects persist when these children grow older. OBJECTIVE This study examined the associations between maternal lipid blood levels during the 13th week of pregnancy and an offspring's adiposity, measured at age 11-12, and if these associations were moderated by the child's sex. METHODS Data were obtained from a community-based birth cohort, the Amsterdam Born Children and their Development (ABCD) study. At a median of 13 weeks' gestation, nonfasting blood samples of triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (TC), free fatty acids (FFAs), and apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1 ratio (ApoB/ApoA1) were measured. An offspring's body mass index (BMI), subcutaneous fat (SCF), waist-to-height-ratio (WHtR), and fat percentage (fat%) were measured at age 11-12. Mothers with at-term born children were included (n = 1853). Multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to assess the associations between maternal lipids and each offspring's adiposity outcome separately. Sex differences were additionally evaluated. RESULTS TGs, TC, ApoB/ApoA1, and FFAs were significantly positively associated with BMI, WHtR, and fat% (adjusted for gestational age at blood sampling, child's age, sex, and sexual maturation). After additional adjustments for potential confounders and covariates, only TGs remained significantly associated with WHtR (0.45, 95% CI -0.007; 0.91). There were no associations between maternal lipids and SCF and no clear sex-specific results were found. CONCLUSION Overall, our results do not strongly support that maternal lipid profile during the 13th week of pregnancy has programming effects on adiposity in preadolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa E Baas
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara A Hutten
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Research Institute, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jens Henrichs
- Department of Midwifery Science, AVAG, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja G M Vrijkotte
- Correspondence: Tanja G.M. Vrijkotte, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Postbox 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands,
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10
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Study on the characteristics of glycerides and phospholipids in human milk from Tibet. Food Res Int 2022; 157:111025. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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11
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Fayezi S, Mehdizadeh A, Germeyer A, Strowitzki T, Fayyazpour P, Nowrouzi Z, Zarezadeh R. Maternal erythrocyte fatty acid composition as a predictive marker for pregnancy health. Biofactors 2022; 48:763-778. [PMID: 35357720 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy is accompanied by a surge in demand for fatty acids (FAs) in order to support maternal health, as well as fetal growth and development. Of particular demand is essential for long-chain polyunsaturated FAs. FAs are primarily obtained from dietary sources and are distributed in the body. In comparison with the use of self-reporting approaches, measuring the FA levels within different blood compartments can present a more accurate image of nutritional, and thus tissue, FA composition. Hence, the FA profile of plasma or serum is commonly used for physiological analyses. Nevertheless, plasma and serum FAs are not yet incorporated into cell membranes, and consequently may not be a suitable reflection of the FA status of body tissues. The evaluation of erythrocyte FA levels offers a superior possibility for the following reasons: the biological fluctuation of erythrocyte FA composition is low, phospholipids account for almost all the lipid content of erythrocytes, and the FA profiles of erythrocytes represent those of tissues. Here, we elaborate on whether the status of maternal erythrocyte FAs can serve as a prognostic biomarker for reproductive health and fetomaternal complications, including embryonic and fetoplacental development, gestational length, and preeclampsia. In addition, factors with the potential of altering the maternal erythrocyte FAs such as maternal diet, lifestyle habits, genetics, and body composition are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Fayezi
- Department of Gynecologic Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, Women's Hospital, Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Mehdizadeh
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ariane Germeyer
- Department of Gynecologic Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, Women's Hospital, Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Strowitzki
- Department of Gynecologic Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, Women's Hospital, Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Parisa Fayyazpour
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student's Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Nowrouzi
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student's Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Zarezadeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student's Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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12
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Yu HT, Xu WH, Chen YR, Ji Y, Tang YW, Li YT, Gong JY, Chen YF, Liu GL, Xie L. Association of Prepregnancy Obesity and Remodeled Maternal-Fetal Plasma Fatty Acid Profiles. Front Nutr 2022; 9:897059. [PMID: 35651505 PMCID: PMC9149296 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.897059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fatty acids, especially polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), are found abundantly in the brain and are fundamental for a fetus's growth. The fatty acid profiles of mothers and fetuses may be affected by maternal prepregnancy body mass index (pre-BMI), thus affecting fetal growth and development. Methods A total of 103 mother-fetus pairs were divided into overweight/obese (OW, n = 26), normal weight (NW, n = 60), and underweight (UW, n = 17) groups according to pre-BMI. Fatty acid profiles in maternal and umbilical cord plasma were analyzed by gas chromatography. Results The infant birth BMI z-score of the OW group was higher than that of the NW and UW groups (p < 0.05). The OW mothers had significantly higher plasma n-6 PUFA and n-6/n-3, but lower docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and n-3 PUFA (p < 0.05). In cord plasma, the proportions of DHA and n-3 PUFA were lower in the OW group (p < 0.05), whereas the n-6/n-3 ratio was higher in the OW group (p < 0.05). The pre-BMI was negatively correlated with cord plasma DHA in all subjects (r = −0.303, p = 0.002), and the same negative correlation can be observed in the OW group (r = −0.561, p = 0.004), but not in the NW and UW groups (p > 0.05). The pre-BMI was positively correlated with cord plasma n-6/n-3 in all subjects (r = 0.325, p = 0.001), and the same positive correlation can be found in the OW group (r = 0.558, p = 0.004), but not in NW and UW groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions Maternal pre-BMI was associated with the maternal-fetal plasma fatty acid profiles, whereas the adverse fatty acid profiles are more noticeable in the prepregnancy OW mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Tao Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wen-Hui Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yi-Ru Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ye Ji
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yi-Wei Tang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yue-Ting Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jia-Yu Gong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yi-Fei Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guo-Liang Liu
- Experimental Teaching Center for Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lin Xie
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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13
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Longitudinal associations of pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain with maternal urinary metabolites: an NYU CHES study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:1332-1340. [PMID: 35411100 PMCID: PMC9581342 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-022-01116-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) and pre-pregnancy obesity affect a significant portion of the US pregnant population and are linked with negative maternal and child health outcomes. The objective of this study was to explore associations of pre-pregnancy body mass index (pBMI) and GWG with longitudinally measured maternal urinary metabolites throughout pregnancy. Subjects/Methods: Among 652 participants in the New York University Children’s Health and Environment Study, a longitudinal pregnancy cohort, targeted metabolomics were measured in serially collected urine samples throughout pregnancy. Metabolites were measured at median 10 (T1), 21 (T2), and 29 (T3) weeks gestation using the Biocrates AbsoluteIDQ® p180 Urine Extension kit. Acylcarnitine, amino acid, biogenic amine, phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine, sphingolipid, and sugar levels were quantified. Pregnant people 18 years or older, without type 1 or 2 diabetes and with singleton live births and valid pBMI and metabolomics data were included. GWG and pBMI were calculated using weight and height data obtained from electronic health records. Linear mixed effects models with interactions with time were fit to determine the gestational age-specific associations of categorical pBMI and continuous interval-specific GWG with urinary metabolites. All analyses were corrected for false discovery rate. Results: Participants with obesity had lower long-chain acylcarnitine levels throughout pregnancy and lower phosphatidylcholine and glucogenic amino acids and higher phenylethylamine concentrations in T2 and T3 compared with participants with normal/underweight pBMI. GWG was associated with taurine in T2 and T3 and C5 acylcarnitine species, C5:1, C5-DC, and C5-M-DC, in T2. Conclusions: pBMI and GWG were associated with the metabolic environment of pregnant individuals, particularly in relation to mid-pregnancy. These results highlight the importance of both preconception and prenatal maternal health.
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14
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Jiang XF, Wang H, Wu DD, Zhang JL, Gao L, Chen L, Zhang J, Fan JX, Huang HF, Wu YT, Lin XH. The Impact of Gestational Weight Gain on the Risks of Adverse Maternal and Infant Outcomes among Normal BMI Women with High Triglyceride Levels during Early Pregnancy. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103454. [PMID: 34684457 PMCID: PMC8540674 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A high maternal triglyceride (mTG) level during early pregnancy is linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes, but the use of specific interventions has been met with limited success. A retrospective cohort study was designed to investigate the impact of gestational weight gain (GWG) on the relationship between high levels of mTG and adverse pregnancy outcomes in normal early pregnancy body mass index (BMI) women. The patients included 39,665 women with normal BMI who had a singleton pregnancy and underwent serum lipids screening during early pregnancy. The main outcomes were adverse pregnancy outcomes, including gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, cesarean delivery, preterm birth, and large or small size for gestational age (LGA or SGA) at birth. As a result, the high mTG (≥2.05mM) group had increased risks for gestational hypertension ((Adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 1.80; 95% CI, 1.46 to 2.24)), preeclampsia (1.70; 1.38 to 2.11), gestational diabetes (2.50; 2.26 to 2.76), cesarean delivery (1.22; 1.13 to 1.32), preterm birth (1.42, 1.21 to 1.66), and LGA (1.49, 1.33 to 1.68) compared to the low mTG group, after adjustment for potential confounding factors. Additionally, the risks of any adverse outcome were higher in each GWG subgroup among women with high mTG than those in the low mTG group. High mTG augmented risks of gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, preterm birth, and LGA among women with 50th or greater percentile of GWG. Interestingly, among women who gained less than the 50th percentile of GWG subgroups, there was no relationship between high mTG level and risks for those pregnancy outcomes when compared to low mTG women. Therefore, weight control and staying below 50th centile of the suggested GWG according to gestational age can diminish the increased risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes caused by high mTG during early pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia-Fei Jiang
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; (X.-F.J.); (D.-D.W.); (L.C.); (J.Z.); (J.-X.F.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternity and Child Health Hospital of Songjiang District, Shanghai 201620, China;
| | - Dan-Dan Wu
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; (X.-F.J.); (D.-D.W.); (L.C.); (J.Z.); (J.-X.F.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jian-Lin Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China; (J.-L.Z.); (L.G.)
| | - Ling Gao
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China; (J.-L.Z.); (L.G.)
| | - Lei Chen
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; (X.-F.J.); (D.-D.W.); (L.C.); (J.Z.); (J.-X.F.)
| | - Jian Zhang
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; (X.-F.J.); (D.-D.W.); (L.C.); (J.Z.); (J.-X.F.)
| | - Jian-Xia Fan
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; (X.-F.J.); (D.-D.W.); (L.C.); (J.Z.); (J.-X.F.)
| | - He-Feng Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai 200030, China
- Correspondence: (X.-H.L.); (Y.-T.W.); (H.-F.H.); Tel.: +86-21- 64070434 (X.-H.L.); +86-21-63455050 (Y.-T.W.); +86-21-63455050 (H.-F.H.)
| | - Yan-Ting Wu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China; (J.-L.Z.); (L.G.)
- Correspondence: (X.-H.L.); (Y.-T.W.); (H.-F.H.); Tel.: +86-21- 64070434 (X.-H.L.); +86-21-63455050 (Y.-T.W.); +86-21-63455050 (H.-F.H.)
| | - Xian-Hua Lin
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; (X.-F.J.); (D.-D.W.); (L.C.); (J.Z.); (J.-X.F.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai 200030, China
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China; (J.-L.Z.); (L.G.)
- Correspondence: (X.-H.L.); (Y.-T.W.); (H.-F.H.); Tel.: +86-21- 64070434 (X.-H.L.); +86-21-63455050 (Y.-T.W.); +86-21-63455050 (H.-F.H.)
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15
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Gulecoglu Onem MG, Coker C, Baysal K, Altunyurt S, Keskinoglu P. The effects of pre-pregnancy obesity and gestational weight gain on maternal lipid profiles, fatty acids and insulin resistance. J Perinat Med 2021; 49:873-883. [PMID: 33887128 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2020-0540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pregnancy is associated with physiological alterations in insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism. This study investigates the associations between pregestational body mass index (pBMI) and the rate of gestational weight gain (rGWG) in the second trimester with the biomarkers of lipid, fatty acids metabolism and insulin resistance. METHODS Sixty nine pregnant women followed. The body weights of the pregnant women were measured and blood samples were obtained at 11-14th and 24-28th weeks of pregnancy. Glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, insulin levels and fatty acids were measured. Rate of GWG (kg/week) and The Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) were calculated. The pregnant women were stratified according to their pBMI and the 2nd trimester rGWG. RESULTS The rate of GWG was significantly higher for the group with pBMI<25, compared to the group with pBMI≥25 (p=0.024). Triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL and HDL cholesterol were significantly increased in the second trimester compared with the first trimester. Palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, myristic acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), arachidonic acid (AA), total omega-6 (n - 6) and omega-3 (n - 3) fatty acid levels and n - 6/n - 3 ratio were significantly higher in the second trimester. Glucose was significantly decreased and insulin was increased in the second trimester. In the overweight/obese group; HOMA-IR, insulin, AA, palmitoleic acid and stearic acid were found to be high in comparison to the group with low/normal pBMI. No parameters were associated with rGWG. CONCLUSIONS The changes in lipid parameters, free fatty acids, insulin and HOMA-IR in the second trimester were compatible with the changes in lipid metabolism and the development of insulin resistance. Pregestational BMI was shown to have a stronger influence on lipid profile, insulin resistance, and fatty acids than rGWG.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Canan Coker
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Faculty Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Kemal Baysal
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Faculty Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sabahattin Altunyurt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Pembe Keskinoglu
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Medical Faculty Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
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Antony KM, Romezi M, Lindgren K, Mitchell KB, Venable SF, Racusin DA, Suter MA, Aagaard KM. Maternal Metabolic Biomarkers are Associated with Obesity and Excess Gestational Weight Gain. Am J Perinatol 2021; 38:e173-e181. [PMID: 32232816 PMCID: PMC8630982 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1708855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the independent contribution of maternal obesity and gestational weight gain (GWG) in excess of the Institute of Medicine's guidelines on levels of maternal serum inflammatory and metabolic measures. STUDY DESIGN Banked maternal serum samples from 120 subjects with documented prepregnancy or first trimester body mass index (BMI) were utilized for analyte analyses. Validated, BMI-specific formulas were utilized to categorize GWG as either insufficient, at goal or excess based on the Institute of Medicine guidelines with gestational age adjustments. Serum was analyzed for known inflammatory or metabolic pathway intermediates using the Luminex xMap system with the MILLIPLEX Human Metabolic Hormone Magnetic Bead Panel. Measured analytes included interleukin-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and tumor necrosis factor-α and metabolic markers amylin, c-peptide, ghrelin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, glucagon-like peptide-1, glucagon, insulin, leptin, pancreatic polypeptide, and peptide YY. Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA and Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated for each marker. RESULTS C-peptide, insulin, and leptin all varied significantly with both obesity and GWG while glucagon-like peptide-1 varied by BMI but not GWG. These analytes covaried with other metabolic analytes, but not with inflammatory analytes. CONCLUSION Maternal metabolic biomarkers at delivery vary significantly with both obesity and GWG. Taken together, these findings suggest that GWG (with and without comorbid obesity) is an important mediator of measurable metabolites in pregnancy but is not necessarily accompanied by inflammatory measures in serum. These findings are consistent with GWG being an independent risk factor for metabolic disturbances during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M. Antony
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Mona Romezi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Kourtnee Lindgren
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Kristen B. Mitchell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Susan F. Venable
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Diana A. Racusin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Melissa A. Suter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Kjersti M. Aagaard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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17
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Hosseinkhani S, Dehghanbanadaki H, Aazami H, Pasalar P, Asadi M, Razi F. Association of circulating omega 3, 6 and 9 fatty acids with gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. BMC Endocr Disord 2021; 21:120. [PMID: 34130655 PMCID: PMC8207652 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-021-00783-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with increased risks of disease for mother and child during pregnancy and after that. Early diagnosis of GDM would promote both maternal and fetal health. Metabolomics can simplify and develop our understanding of the etiology, manifestation, or pathophysiology of the disease. This systematic review investigates the association of circulating omega 3, 6, and 9 fatty acids with GDM. METHODS We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases up to May 8, 2020, using the key term combinations of all types of omega fatty acids with gestational diabetes mellitus. Additional articles were identified through searching the reference lists of included studies. RESULTS This systematic review included 15 articles. Five were cohort studies, four included nested case-control studies and four were case-control studies. The results of this study demonstrate an increasing trend in the amount of oleic acid and palmitoleic acid in the second trimester and an increase in decosahexanoic acid in the third trimester of GDM mothers. The changes in other fatty acids of interest are either not significant or if significant, their results are inconsistent with the other existing articles. CONCLUSIONS Omega fatty acids, as potential biomarkers, are considered to be associated with GDM risk and thus provide useful information regarding the prevention and early diagnosis of GDM. Moreover, existing metabolomic studies on GDM are shown to provide conflicting results about metabolite profile characteristics. This systematic review was registered at PROSPERO ( www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO ) as CRD42020196122.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaghayegh Hosseinkhani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hojat Dehghanbanadaki
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Aazami
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Pasalar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojgan Asadi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Razi
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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18
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Gázquez A, Giménez-Bañón MJ, Prieto-Sánchez MT, Martínez-Graciá C, Suárez C, Santaella-Pascual M, Galdo-Castiñeira L, Ballesteros-Meseguer C, Vioque J, Martínez-Villanueva M, Avilés-Plaza F, Noguera-Velasco JA, Morales E, García-Marcos L, Larqué E. Self-Reported DHA Supplementation during Pregnancy and Its Association with Obesity or Gestational Diabetes in Relation to DHA Concentration in Cord and Maternal Plasma: Results from NELA, a Prospective Mother-Offspring Cohort. Nutrients 2021; 13:843. [PMID: 33806689 PMCID: PMC8000695 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal supplementation of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) during pregnancy has been recommended due to its role in infant development, but its effect on materno-fetal DHA status is not well established. We evaluated the associations between DHA supplementation in pregnant women with obesity or gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and maternal and neonatal DHA status. Serum fatty acids (FA) were analyzed in 641 pregnant women (24 weeks of gestation) and in 345 venous and 166 arterial cord blood samples of participants of the NELA cohort. Obese women (n = 47) presented lower DHA in serum than those lean (n = 397) or overweight (n = 116) before pregnancy. Linoleic acid in arterial cord was elevated in obese women, which indicates lower fetal retention. Maternal DHA supplementation (200 mg/d) during pregnancy was associated with enhanced maternal and fetal DHA levels regardless of pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), although higher arterial DHA in overweight women indicated an attenuated response. Maternal DHA supplementation was not associated with cord venous DHA in neonates of mothers with GDM. The cord arteriovenous difference was similar for DHA between GDM and controls. In conclusion, maternal DHA supplementation during pregnancy enhanced fetal DHA status regardless of the pre-pregnancy BMI while GDM may reduce the effect of DHA supplementation in newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Gázquez
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30120 Murcia, Spain; (A.G.); (M.J.G.-B.); (M.T.P.-S.); (C.M.-G.); (C.S.); (M.S.-P.); (M.M.-V.); (F.A.-P.); (J.A.N.-V.); (E.M.); (L.G.-M.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - María J. Giménez-Bañón
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30120 Murcia, Spain; (A.G.); (M.J.G.-B.); (M.T.P.-S.); (C.M.-G.); (C.S.); (M.S.-P.); (M.M.-V.); (F.A.-P.); (J.A.N.-V.); (E.M.); (L.G.-M.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - María T. Prieto-Sánchez
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30120 Murcia, Spain; (A.G.); (M.J.G.-B.); (M.T.P.-S.); (C.M.-G.); (C.S.); (M.S.-P.); (M.M.-V.); (F.A.-P.); (J.A.N.-V.); (E.M.); (L.G.-M.)
- Obstetrics & Gynaecology Service, “Virgen de la Arrixaca” University Clinical Hospital, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (L.G.-C.); (C.B.-M.)
| | - Carmen Martínez-Graciá
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30120 Murcia, Spain; (A.G.); (M.J.G.-B.); (M.T.P.-S.); (C.M.-G.); (C.S.); (M.S.-P.); (M.M.-V.); (F.A.-P.); (J.A.N.-V.); (E.M.); (L.G.-M.)
- Food Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Clara Suárez
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30120 Murcia, Spain; (A.G.); (M.J.G.-B.); (M.T.P.-S.); (C.M.-G.); (C.S.); (M.S.-P.); (M.M.-V.); (F.A.-P.); (J.A.N.-V.); (E.M.); (L.G.-M.)
- Food Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Marina Santaella-Pascual
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30120 Murcia, Spain; (A.G.); (M.J.G.-B.); (M.T.P.-S.); (C.M.-G.); (C.S.); (M.S.-P.); (M.M.-V.); (F.A.-P.); (J.A.N.-V.); (E.M.); (L.G.-M.)
- Food Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Lina Galdo-Castiñeira
- Obstetrics & Gynaecology Service, “Virgen de la Arrixaca” University Clinical Hospital, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (L.G.-C.); (C.B.-M.)
| | - Carmen Ballesteros-Meseguer
- Obstetrics & Gynaecology Service, “Virgen de la Arrixaca” University Clinical Hospital, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (L.G.-C.); (C.B.-M.)
| | - Jesús Vioque
- Health and Biomedical Research Institute of Alicante (ISABIAL-UMH), 46020 Alicante, Spain;
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam Martínez-Villanueva
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30120 Murcia, Spain; (A.G.); (M.J.G.-B.); (M.T.P.-S.); (C.M.-G.); (C.S.); (M.S.-P.); (M.M.-V.); (F.A.-P.); (J.A.N.-V.); (E.M.); (L.G.-M.)
- Molecular Therapy and Biomarkers Research Group, Clinical Analysis Service, University Clinical Hospital “Virgen de la Arrixaca”, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Avilés-Plaza
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30120 Murcia, Spain; (A.G.); (M.J.G.-B.); (M.T.P.-S.); (C.M.-G.); (C.S.); (M.S.-P.); (M.M.-V.); (F.A.-P.); (J.A.N.-V.); (E.M.); (L.G.-M.)
- Molecular Therapy and Biomarkers Research Group, Clinical Analysis Service, University Clinical Hospital “Virgen de la Arrixaca”, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - José A. Noguera-Velasco
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30120 Murcia, Spain; (A.G.); (M.J.G.-B.); (M.T.P.-S.); (C.M.-G.); (C.S.); (M.S.-P.); (M.M.-V.); (F.A.-P.); (J.A.N.-V.); (E.M.); (L.G.-M.)
- Molecular Therapy and Biomarkers Research Group, Clinical Analysis Service, University Clinical Hospital “Virgen de la Arrixaca”, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Eva Morales
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30120 Murcia, Spain; (A.G.); (M.J.G.-B.); (M.T.P.-S.); (C.M.-G.); (C.S.); (M.S.-P.); (M.M.-V.); (F.A.-P.); (J.A.N.-V.); (E.M.); (L.G.-M.)
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Luís García-Marcos
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30120 Murcia, Spain; (A.G.); (M.J.G.-B.); (M.T.P.-S.); (C.M.-G.); (C.S.); (M.S.-P.); (M.M.-V.); (F.A.-P.); (J.A.N.-V.); (E.M.); (L.G.-M.)
- Network of Asthma and Adverse and Allergic Reactions (ARADyAL), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elvira Larqué
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30120 Murcia, Spain; (A.G.); (M.J.G.-B.); (M.T.P.-S.); (C.M.-G.); (C.S.); (M.S.-P.); (M.M.-V.); (F.A.-P.); (J.A.N.-V.); (E.M.); (L.G.-M.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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19
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Gázquez A, Larqué E. Towards an Optimized Fetal DHA Accretion: Differences on Maternal DHA Supplementation Using Phospholipids vs. Triglycerides during Pregnancy in Different Models. Nutrients 2021; 13:511. [PMID: 33557158 PMCID: PMC7913957 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation during pregnancy has been recommended by several health organizations due to its role in neural, visual, and cognitive development. There are several fat sources available on the market for the manufacture of these dietary supplements with DHA. These fat sources differ in the lipid structure in which DHA is esterified, mainly phospholipids (PL) and triglycerides (TG) molecules. The supplementation of DHA in the form of PL or TG during pregnancy can lead to controversial results depending on the animal model, physiological status and the fat sources utilized. The intestinal digestion, placental uptake, and fetal accretion of DHA may vary depending on the lipid source of DHA ingested by the mother. The form of DHA used in maternal supplementation that would provide an optimal DHA accretion for fetal brain development, based on the available data obtained most of them from different animal models, indicates no consistent differences in fetal accretion when DHA is provided as TG or PL. Other related lipid species are under evaluation, e.g., lyso-phospholipids, with promising results to improve DHA bioavailability although more studies are needed. In this review, the evidence on DHA bioavailability and accumulation in both maternal and fetal tissues after the administration of DHA supplementation during pregnancy in the form of PL or TG in different models is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Gázquez
- Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Elvira Larqué
- Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30120 Murcia, Spain
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20
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Álvarez D, Muñoz Y, Ortiz M, Maliqueo M, Chouinard-Watkins R, Valenzuela R. Impact of Maternal Obesity on the Metabolism and Bioavailability of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding. Nutrients 2020; 13:nu13010019. [PMID: 33374585 PMCID: PMC7822469 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal and postnatal development are closely related to healthy maternal conditions that allow for the provision of all nutritional requirements to the offspring. In this regard, an appropriate supply of fatty acids (FA), mainly n-3 and n-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), is crucial to ensure a normal development, because they are an integral part of cell membranes and participate in the synthesis of bioactive molecules that regulate multiple signaling pathways. On the other hand, maternal obesity and excessive gestational weight gain affect FA supply to the fetus and neonate, altering placental nutrient transfer, as well as the production and composition of breast milk during lactation. In this regard, maternal obesity modifies FA profile, resulting in low n-3 and elevated n-6 PUFA levels in maternal and fetal circulation during pregnancy, as well as in breast milk during lactation. These modifications are associated with a pro-inflammatory state and oxidative stress with short and long-term consequences in different organs of the fetus and neonate, including in the liver, brain, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue. Altogether, these changes confer to the offspring a higher risk of developing obesity and its complications, as well as neuropsychiatric disorders, asthma, and cancer. Considering the consequences of an abnormal FA supply to offspring induced by maternal obesity, we aimed to review the effects of obesity on the metabolism and bioavailability of FA during pregnancy and breastfeeding, with an emphasis on LCPUFA homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Álvarez
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (D.Á.); (Y.M.); (M.O.); (M.M.)
| | - Yasna Muñoz
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (D.Á.); (Y.M.); (M.O.); (M.M.)
| | - Macarena Ortiz
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (D.Á.); (Y.M.); (M.O.); (M.M.)
| | - Manuel Maliqueo
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, West Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (D.Á.); (Y.M.); (M.O.); (M.M.)
| | - Raphaël Chouinard-Watkins
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada;
| | - Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada;
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +56-2-9786746
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21
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The Role of Arachidonic and Linoleic Acid Derivatives in Pathological Pregnancies and the Human Reproduction Process. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249628. [PMID: 33348841 PMCID: PMC7766587 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the available literature review was to focus on the role of the proinflammatory mediators of AA and LA derivatives in pathological conditions related to reproduction and pregnancy. Arachidonic (AA) and linoleic acid (LA) derivatives play important roles in human fertility and the course of pathological pregnancies. Recent studies have demonstrated that uncontrolled inflammation has a significant impact on reproduction, spermatogenesis, endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) genesis, implantation, pregnancy and labor. In addition, cyclooxygenase-mediated prostaglandins and AA metabolite levels are higher in women’s ovarian tissue when suffering from PCOS. It has been demonstrated that abnormal cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) levels are associated with ovulation failure, infertility, and implantation disorders and the increase in 9-HODE/13-HODE was a feature recognized in PCOS patients. Maintaining inflammation without neutrophil participation allows pregnant women to tolerate the fetus, while excessive inflammatory activation may lead to miscarriages and other pathological complications in pregnancies. Additionally AA and LA derivatives play an important role in pregnancy pathologies, e.g., gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia (PE), and fetal growth, among others. The pathogenesis of PE and other pathological states in pregnancy involving eicosanoids have not been fully identified. A significant expression of 15-LOX-1,2 was found in women with PE, leading to an increase in the synthesis of AA and LA derivatives, such as hydroxyeicozatetraenoic acids (HETE) and hydroxyoctadecadiene acids (HODE). Synthesis of the metabolites 5-, 8-, 12-, and 15-HETE increased in the placenta, while 20-HETE increased only in umbilical cord blood in women with preeclampsia compared to normal pregnancies. In obese women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) an increase in epoxygenase products in the cytochrome P450 (CYP) and the level of 20-HETE associated with the occurrence of insulin resistance (IR) were found. In addition, 12- and 20-HETE levels were associated with arterial vasoconstriction and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) with arterial vasodilatation and uterine relaxation. Furthermore, higher levels of 5- and 15-HETE were associated with premature labor. By analyzing the influence of free fatty acids (FFA) and their derivatives on male reproduction, it was found that an increase in the AA in semen reduces its amount and the ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids showed higher values in infertile men compared to the fertile control group. There are several studies on the role of HETE/HODE in relation to male fertility. 15-Hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid may affect the integrity of the membrane and sperm function. Moreover, the incubation of sperm with physiologically low levels of prostaglandins (PGE2/PGF2α) improves the functionality of human sperm. Undoubtedly, these problems are still insufficiently understood and require further research. However, HETE and HODE could serve as predictive and diagnostic biomarkers for pregnancy pathologies (especially in women with risk factors for overweight and obesity). Such knowledge may be helpful in finding new treatment strategies for infertility and the course of high-risk pregnancies.
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22
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Martínez-Hortelano JA, Cavero-Redondo I, Álvarez-Bueno C, Garrido-Miguel M, Soriano-Cano A, Martínez-Vizcaíno V. Monitoring gestational weight gain and prepregnancy BMI using the 2009 IOM guidelines in the global population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2020; 20:649. [PMID: 33109112 PMCID: PMC7590483 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-020-03335-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported a high prevalence of excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) in women with prepregnancy BMI classified as overweight and obese. However, the joint evidence regarding GWG and prepregnancy BMI in the worldwide population has not been synthesized. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate global and regional mean GWG and the prevalence of GWG above, within and below 2009 Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines. Second, we aimed to estimate global and regional prepregnancy BMI and the prevalence of BMI categories according to World Health Organization (WHO) classification. METHODS We searched Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library and Web of Science to identify observational studies until 9 May 2018. We included studies published from 2009 that used 2009 IOM guidelines, reporting data from women in general population with singleton pregnancies. The 2009 IOM categories for GWG and the WHO categories for prepregnancy BMI were used. DerSimonian and Laird random effects methods were used to estimate the pooled and their respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of the mean and by category rates of GWG and prepregnancy BMI, calculated by global and regions. RESULTS Sixty-three published studies from 29 countries with a total sample size of 1,416,915 women were included. The global prevalence of GWG above and below the 2009 IOM guidelines, was 27.8% (95% CI; 26.5, 29.1) and 39.4% (95% CI; 37.1, 41.7), respectively. Furthermore, meta-regression analyses showed that the mean GWG and the prevalence of GWG above guidelines have increased. The global prevalence of overweight and obesity, was 23.0% (95% CI; 22.3, 23.7) and 16.3% (95% CI; 15.4, 17.4), respectively. The highest mean GWG and prepregnancy BMI were in North America and the lowest were in Asia. CONCLUSIONS Considering the high prevalence of GWG above the 2009 IOM guidelines and women with overweight/obesity and their continuously increasing trend in most regions, clinicians should recommend lifestyle interventions to improve women's weight during reproductive age. Due to regional variability, these interventions should be adapted to each cultural context. TRIAL REGISTRATION Prospectively registered with PROSPERO ( CRD42018093562 ).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iván Cavero-Redondo
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Social and Health Care Research Center, Santa Teresa Jornet s/n, 16071, Cuenca, Spain
- Universidad Politécnica y Artística del Paraguay, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Celia Álvarez-Bueno
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Social and Health Care Research Center, Santa Teresa Jornet s/n, 16071, Cuenca, Spain.
- Universidad Politécnica y Artística del Paraguay, Asunción, Paraguay.
| | - Miriam Garrido-Miguel
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Social and Health Care Research Center, Santa Teresa Jornet s/n, 16071, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Alba Soriano-Cano
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Social and Health Care Research Center, Santa Teresa Jornet s/n, 16071, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Social and Health Care Research Center, Santa Teresa Jornet s/n, 16071, Cuenca, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
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23
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Al-Otaibi H, Hussein N, Mustafa H, Al-Mudaires N. Obesity, gestational weight gain, and polyunsaturated fatty acids profile in pregnant Saudi women. Bioinformation 2020; 16:493-500. [PMID: 32884215 PMCID: PMC7452740 DOI: 10.6026/97320630016493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) are associated with a deficiency of essential fatty acids, affecting maternal health during and after pregnancy. Therefore, it is of interest to identify the associations of pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and GWG with lipid profiles in Saudi women after giving birth. Hence, a cross-sectional study of 238 pregnant women aged 20-40 years was conducted at the King Abdul Aziz Hospital, in Al-Ahsa Governorate-Saudi Arabia. Thus, socio-demographic and anthropometric data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), saturated fatty acids (SFAs), and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) levels were assessed from blood samples collected after the women gave birth. The participants generally consumed diets low in omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs and high in SFAs and MUFAs. Among them, 51% had university degrees, only 20.4% were employed, and 50% had pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity. Women with overweight/obesity had a higher omega-6 to omega-3 PUFA ratio than women with normal weight. Overweight, obesity, and excessive GWG were not associated with higher levels of total n-3 PUFAs, docosahexaenoic acid, and α-linolenic acid but were associated with higher levels of total n-6 PUFAs and linoleic acid. Women with obesity had significantly higher SFA and MUFA levels than women with normal weight, whereas women with excessive GWG were twice as likely to have higher SFA levels than women with adequate GWG. We show that a higher pre-pregnancy BMI and excessive GWG were significantly associated with abnormal lipid profiles in Saudi women after giving birth. We believe that future studies will help explore these associations in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Al-Otaibi
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahed Hussein
- Faculty of Specific Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hani Mustafa
- King Abdul Aziz Hospital, National Guard Health Affairs, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah Al-Mudaires
- Department of Physical Education, College of Education, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
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24
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Ortega-Senovilla H, Schaefer-Graf U, Herrera E. Pregnant women with gestational diabetes and with well controlled glucose levels have decreased concentrations of individual fatty acids in maternal and cord serum. Diabetologia 2020; 63:864-874. [PMID: 31832744 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-05054-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Both arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4 n-6) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA,22:6 n-3), long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), are involved in fetal development and, based on their percentage compositions, appear to be specifically accumulated in fetal circulation in a proposed phenomenon known as biomagnification. Discrepancies exist in the literature concerning the effect of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on circulating fatty acids. Our objective was to analyse individual fatty acid concentrations in a large cohort of maternal and cord paired serum samples from pregnant women with and without GDM. METHODS Overnight fasted maternal and cord blood paired samples from 84 women with GDM and well controlled blood glucose levels and 90 healthy pregnant women (controls) were drawn at term. Individual fatty acids within total serum lipids were analysed by gas chromatography and expressed both as concentrations of fatty acid (mmol/l) and as a percentage of total fatty acids. RESULTS In the serum of overnight fasted pregnant women with GDM, the concentrations of most fatty acids were lower than in control women, except for AA and DHA, which remained the same. The concentrations of most fatty acids in cord serum were also lower in the GDM group than in the control group, except for α-linolenic acid (ALA,18:3 n-3), which was higher in the GDM group. In both groups, the concentrations of all fatty acids were lower in cord serum than in maternal serum. In GDM participants only, a positive and significant correlation between cord and maternal serum concentration of AA and DHA was observed. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The expression of fatty acids in molar concentrations reveals that GDM decreases the concentration of most fatty acids in both maternal and cord serum. There is a high fetal dependence on maternal AA and DHA, but our findings do not support the existence of a fetal biomagnification of those two LCPUFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henar Ortega-Senovilla
- Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Ctra. Boadilla del Monte km 5,3, E-28668, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ute Schaefer-Graf
- Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St Joseph's Hospital Center for Diabetes in Pregnancy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Emilio Herrera
- Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Ctra. Boadilla del Monte km 5,3, E-28668, Madrid, Spain
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25
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Bianchi M, Alisi A, Fabrizi M, Vallone C, Ravà L, Giannico R, Vernocchi P, Signore F, Manco M. Maternal Intake of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids During Pregnancy Is Associated With Differential Methylation Profiles in Cord Blood White Cells. Front Genet 2019; 10:1050. [PMID: 31708974 PMCID: PMC6824245 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A healthy diet during pregnancy is pivotal for the offspring health at birth and later in life. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) are not endogenously produced in humans and are exclusively derived from the diet. They are pivotal for the fetus growth and neuronal development and seem beneficial in reducing the risk of cardiometabolic diseases and preventing later allergic disorders in the offspring by modulating the inflammatory immune response. In the present study, we investigated the association between maternal intakes of n-3PUFAs, profiled on maternal erythrocyte membranes at pregnancy term, and offspring DNA methylation on cord blood mononuclear cells in a sample of 118 mother–newborn pairs randomly drawn from the “Feeding fetus’ low-grade inflammation and insulin-resistance” study cohort. N-3 PUFA content on erythrocyte membranes is a validated biomarker to measure objectively medium term intake of n-3 PUFAs. Based on distribution of n-3 PUFA in the whole cohort of mothers, we identified mothers with low (n-3 PUFA concentration <25th percentile), medium (n-3 PUFAs between 25th and 75th percentiles), and high n-3 PUFA content (>75th percentile). The HumanMethylation450 BeadChip (Illumina) was used for the epigenome-wide association study using the Infinium Methylation Assay. The overall DNA methylation level was not different between the three groups while there was significant difference in methylation levels at certain sites. Indeed, 8,503 sites had significantly different methylations between low and high n-3 PUFA groups, 12,716 between low and medium n-3 PUFA groups, and 18,148 between high and medium n-3 PUFA groups. We found differentially methylated genes that belong prevalently to pathways of signal transduction, metabolism, downstream signaling of G protein-coupled receptors, and gene expression. Within these pathways, we identified four differentially methylated genes, namely, MSTN, IFNA13, ATP8B3, and GABBR2, that are involved in the onset of insulin resistance and adiposity, innate immune response, phospholipid translocation across cell membranes, and mechanisms of addiction to high fat diet, alcohol, and sweet taste. In conclusion, findings of this preliminary investigation suggest that maternal intake of n-3 PUFAs during pregnancy has potential to influence the offspring DNA methylation. Validation of results in a larger cohort and investigation of biological significance and impact on the phenotype are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Bianchi
- Research Unit for Multifactorial Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Alisi
- Research Unit of Molecular Genetics of Complex Phenotypes, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Fabrizi
- Research Unit for Multifactorial Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Vallone
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Misericordia Hospital, Grosseto, Italy
| | - Lucilla Ravà
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Giannico
- Research Unit for Multifactorial Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Pamela Vernocchi
- Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Signore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Misericordia Hospital, Grosseto, Italy
| | - Melania Manco
- Research Unit for Multifactorial Diseases, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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26
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Gázquez A, Prieto-Sánchez MT, Blanco-Carnero JE, van Harskamp D, Perazzolo S, Oosterink JE, Demmelmair H, Schierbeek H, Sengers BG, Lewis RM, van Goudoever JB, Koletzko B, Larqué E. In vivo kinetic study of materno-fetal fatty acid transfer in obese and normal weight pregnant women. J Physiol 2019; 597:4959-4973. [PMID: 31287560 DOI: 10.1113/jp278146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Placental structure and function can be modified as a result of maternal obesity affecting materno-fetal fatty acids (FA) transport. We report for the first time, in humans and in vivo, the kinetics of placental FA transfer in normo-weight and in normolipemic obese pregnant women using stable isotopes. The administration of different tracer FA with similar behaviour to the mother at different time points allows the collection of kinetic information on materno-fetal transfer of FA despite only one sample of placenta and cord can be collected per subject. Computational modelling showed a good fit to the data when considering all maternal plasma lipid classes but not when based only on non-esterified FA. The novel approach using multiple tracer FA administration combined with computational modelling shows a consistent time course of placental tracer FA and predicted total FA accumulation. ABSTRACT We analyse for the first time the in vivo materno-fetal kinetic transfer of fatty acids (FA) labelled with stable isotopes in control and obese (OB) pregnant women. Labelled FA with a similar metabolism (stearic acid: 13 C-SA; palmitic acid: 13 C-PA; oleic acid: 13 C-OA) were orally administered at -4 h, -8 h and -12 h, respectively prior to elective caesarean section to 10 pregnant women with a body mass index >30 (OB) and 10 with a body mass index in the range 20-25 (NW). Placenta, venous and arterial cord blood were collected obtaining a wide range of FA enrichments. A combined experimental and computational modelling analysis was applied. FA fractional synthesis rate (FSR) in placenta was 11-12% h-1 . No differences were observed between NW and normo-lipidemic OB. It was not possible to estimate FA FSR in cord blood with this oral bolus dose approach. Computational modelling demonstrated a good fit to the data when all maternal plasma lipid classes were included but not with modelling based only on the non-esterified FA fraction. The estimated materno-fetal 13 C-FA transfer was ∼1%. In conclusion, our approach using multiple 13 C-FA tracers allowed us to estimated FSR in placental/maternal plasma but not in fetal/maternal compartments. Computational modelling showed a consistent time course of placental 13 C-FA transfer and predicted total fetal FA accumulation during the experiment. We conclude that, in addition to non-esterified FA fraction in the maternal circulation, maternal plasma very low-density lipoprotein and other lipoproteins are important contributors to placental FA transfer to the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Gázquez
- Department of Physiology, School of Biology, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University Clinical Hospital 'Virgen de la Arrixaca', University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,LMU - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - María T Prieto-Sánchez
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Service, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University Clinical Hospital 'Virgen de la Arrixaca', University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - José E Blanco-Carnero
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Service, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University Clinical Hospital 'Virgen de la Arrixaca', University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Dewi van Harskamp
- Department of Paediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simone Perazzolo
- Bioengineering Science Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - J Efraim Oosterink
- Department of Paediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Demmelmair
- LMU - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Henk Schierbeek
- Department of Paediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bram G Sengers
- Bioengineering Science Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Rohan M Lewis
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Johannes B van Goudoever
- Department of Paediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Bioengineering Science Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK.,Department of Paediatrics, Free University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- LMU - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Elvira Larqué
- Department of Physiology, School of Biology, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University Clinical Hospital 'Virgen de la Arrixaca', University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Gázquez A, Prieto-Sánchez MT, Blanco-Carnero JE, Ruíz-Palacios M, Nieto A, van Harskamp D, Oosterink JE, Schierbeek H, van Goudoever JB, Demmelmair H, Koletzko B, Larqué E. Altered materno-fetal transfer of 13C-polyunsaturated fatty acids in obese pregnant women. Clin Nutr 2019; 39:1101-1107. [PMID: 31029479 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Maternal obesity at conception is considered a major predictor of offspring obesity. This could by driven at least in part by an altered placental fat transfer. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms involved are not fully understood. We investigated the in vivo materno-fetal transfer of fatty acids (FAs) in obese pregnant women using stable isotopes. METHODS Ten obese and ten normo-weight pregnant women (control) received orally a bolus of 13C-labeled FAs 12 h before elective caesarean section: oleic acid (13C-OA), linoleic acid (13C-LA) and docosahexaenoic acid (13C-DHA). Maternal blood samples were collected at -12 (basal), -8, -4, -2, 0 h relative to the time of cesarean section. At the time of birth, arterial and venous cord bloods as well as placental tissue were collected. FAs composition was determined by gas-liquid chromatography and isotopic enrichment by gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry. RESULTS Maternal plasma insulin and placental weight tended to higher values in obese pregnant women although they did not present serum hyperlipidemia. Higher concentrations of 13C-LA and 13C-DHA were found in non-esterified FAs fraction in maternal plasma of obese mothers. The ratio of placental uptake for 13C-LA and 13C-DHA was lower in obese women compared to normal weight pointing toward a limited capacity of FA placental transfer, especially of essential FAs. Maternal insulin was associated to this lower placenta/maternal plasma ratio for both 13C-LA (R = -0.563, P = 0.012) and 13C-DHA (R = -0.478, P = 0.033). In addition, the ratio cord/maternal plasma of 13C-LA was significantly lower in obese women compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, obese mothers without hyperlipidemia showed a reduced materno-fetal transfer of polyunsaturated FAs which could affect fetal development. This affect dietary recommendation for obese pregnant women. TRIAL REGISTRY NUMBER ISRCTN69794527.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gázquez
- LMU - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Munich, Germany; Department of Physiology, School of Biology, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University Clinical Hospital "Virgen de la Arrixaca", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - M T Prieto-Sánchez
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Service, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University Clinical Hospital "Virgen de la Arrixaca", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - J E Blanco-Carnero
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Service, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University Clinical Hospital "Virgen de la Arrixaca", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - M Ruíz-Palacios
- Department of Physiology, School of Biology, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University Clinical Hospital "Virgen de la Arrixaca", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - A Nieto
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Service, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University Clinical Hospital "Virgen de la Arrixaca", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - D van Harskamp
- Department of Paediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J E Oosterink
- Department of Paediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - H Schierbeek
- Department of Paediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J B van Goudoever
- Department of Paediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Paediatrics, Free University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - H Demmelmair
- LMU - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - B Koletzko
- LMU - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - E Larqué
- Department of Physiology, School of Biology, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University Clinical Hospital "Virgen de la Arrixaca", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
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28
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Elshani B, Kotori V, Daci A. Role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in gestational diabetes, maternal and fetal insights: current use and future directions. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2019; 34:124-136. [PMID: 30857450 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2019.1593361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
ω-3-Polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) are widely used during pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). ω-3 PUFAs are beneficial in the regulation of maternal and fetal metabolic function, inflammation, immunity, macrosomia (MAC), oxidative stress, preeclampsia, intrauterine growth, preterm birth, offspring metabolic function, and neurodevelopment. Dietary counseling is vital for improving therapeutic outcomes in patients with GDM. In maternal circulation, ω-3 PUFAs are transported via transporters, synthesis enzymes, and intracellular proteins, which activate nuclear receptors and play central roles in the cellular metabolic processes of placental trophoblasts. In patients with GDM, this process is compromised due to abnormal functioning of the placenta, which disrupts the normal mother to fetus transport. This results in reduced fetal levels of ω-3 PUFAs, which contributes negatively to fetal growth, metabolic function, and development. Dietary counseling and nutritional assessment remain challenging in the prevention and alleviation of GDM. Therefore, personalized approaches, including measurement of the ω-3 index, pharmacogenetic implementation strategies, and appropriate supplementation with ω-3 PUFAs are used to achieve sufficient distribution in the maternal and fetal fluids during the entire pregnancy period. Developing new dosing guidelines and personalized approaches, determining the mechanisms of ω-3 PUFAs in the placenta, and examining the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetics interactions involving ω-3 PUFAs will lead to better management and increase the quality of life of patients with GDM and their offspring. Moreover, different strategies for supplementing with ω-3 PUFAs, improving their placental transport, and pharmacological exploration of the maternal-fetal interactions will help to further elucidate the role of ω-3 PUFAs in women with GDM. In this review, we summarize the current information on the potential therapeutic benefits and clinical applicability of ω-3 PUFAs in patients with GDM and their offspring, highlighting recent progress and future perspectives in this field. Studies investigating the mechanisms of ω-3 PUFA transport to targeted tissues have spurred an interest in personalized treatment strategies for patients with GDM and their offspring. To implement such therapies, we need to clarify the index/ratio of ω-3 PUFAs in maternal and fetal fluids, delineate the ω-3 PUFA transport pathways, and establish the guidelines for FA profiling prepregnancy and during pregnancy-associated weight gain. Such therapies also need to take into account the gender of the fetus, and whether the patient is obese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brikene Elshani
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Vjosa Kotori
- Department of Endocrinology, Pediatric Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Armond Daci
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
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29
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Petrick LM, Schiffman C, Edmands WMB, Yano Y, Perttula K, Whitehead T, Metayer C, Wheelock CE, Arora M, Grigoryan H, Carlsson H, Dudoit S, Rappaport SM. Metabolomics of neonatal blood spots reveal distinct phenotypes of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia and potential effects of early-life nutrition. Cancer Lett 2019; 452:71-78. [PMID: 30904619 PMCID: PMC6499387 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Early-life exposures are believed to influence the incidence of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Archived neonatal blood spots (NBS), collected within the first days of life, offer a means to investigate small molecules that reflect early-life exposures. Using untargeted metabolomics, we compared abundances of small-molecule features in extracts of NBS punches from 332 children that later developed ALL and 324 healthy controls. Subjects were stratified by early (1-5 y) and late (6-14 y) diagnosis. Mutually-exclusive sets of metabolic features - representing putative lipids and fatty acids - were associated with ALL, including 9 and 19 metabolites in the early- and late-diagnosis groups, respectively. In the late-diagnosis group, a prominent cluster of features with apparent 18:2 fatty-acid chains suggested that newborn exposure to the essential nutrient, linoleic acid, increased ALL risk. Interestingly, abundances of these putative 18:2 lipids were greater in infants who were fed formula rather than breast milk (colostrum) and increased with the mother's pre-pregnancy body mass index. These results suggest possible etiologic roles of newborn nutrition in late-diagnosis ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Petrick
- The Senator Frank R. Lautenberg Environmental Health Science Laboratory, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Center for Integrative Research on Childhood Leukemia and the Environment, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Courtney Schiffman
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; Center for Integrative Research on Childhood Leukemia and the Environment, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - William M B Edmands
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yukiko Yano
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; Center for Integrative Research on Childhood Leukemia and the Environment, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kelsi Perttula
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Todd Whitehead
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; Center for Integrative Research on Childhood Leukemia and the Environment, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Catherine Metayer
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; Center for Integrative Research on Childhood Leukemia and the Environment, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Craig E Wheelock
- Division of Physiological Chemistry 2, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Manish Arora
- The Senator Frank R. Lautenberg Environmental Health Science Laboratory, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hasmik Grigoryan
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Henrik Carlsson
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sandrine Dudoit
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Stephen M Rappaport
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; Center for Integrative Research on Childhood Leukemia and the Environment, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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30
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Gázquez A, Uhl O, Ruíz-Palacios M, Gill C, Patel N, Koletzko B, Poston L, Larqué E. Placental lipid droplet composition: Effect of a lifestyle intervention (UPBEAT) in obese pregnant women. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1863:998-1005. [PMID: 29702246 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Maternal obesity is associated with adverse outcomes. Placental lipid droplets (LD) have been implicated in maternal-fetal lipid transfer but it is not known whether placental LD fat composition is modifiable. We evaluated the effects of a diet and physical activity intervention in obese pregnant women compared to routine antenatal care (UPBEAT study) on placental LD composition. LD were isolated by ultracentrifugation. Total FAs and phospholipids (phosphatidylcholines, PCs; sphingomyelins, SMs and lyso-phosphatidylcholines, Lyso-PCs) were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Placenta MFSD2a expression was assessed by western blot. Placental LDs from obese women were comprised of predominantly saturated and monounsaturated FAs. TG and Chol composition was similar between intervention (n = 20) and control (n = 23) groups. PCs containing dihomo-ɣ-linolenic acid in LD were positively associated with gestational weight gain (P < 0.007), and lowered by the intervention. In the whole sample, PCs carrying DHA and arachidonic acid were inversely associated with placental weight. Placenta MFSD2a expression was associated with DHA cord blood metabolites and relationships were observed between LD lipids, especially DHA carrying species, and cord blood metabolites. We describe placenta LD composition for the first time and demonstrate modest, potentially beneficial effects of a lifestyle intervention on LD FAs in obese pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Gázquez
- LMU - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Munich, Germany; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Olaf Uhl
- LMU - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - María Ruíz-Palacios
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carolyn Gill
- Department of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Nashita Patel
- Department of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- LMU - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Lucilla Poston
- Department of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Elvira Larqué
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
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31
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Association between Maternal and Foetal Erythrocyte Fatty Acid Profiles and Birth Weight. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10040402. [PMID: 29570689 PMCID: PMC5946187 DOI: 10.3390/nu10040402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular foetal development is crucial for assuring good health status in the offspring. The quality and quantity of maternal dietary fatty acids (FAs) can affect growth. The study aimed to: (1) investigate the association of maternal/foetal lipid profiles with birth weight (BW); and (2) compare these profiles in small, appropriate, and large for gestational age (SGA, AGA, and LGA) infants. FAs were measured in erythrocyte membranes using gas chromatography analysis in 607 mother–infant pairs (316 males, 52.1%). In the quantile regression, a significant association between BW and levels of maternal linoleic acid (LA; C18:2, n-6; coefficient: 18.66; p = 0.010), arachidonic acid (AA; C20:4, n-6; coefficient: 11.35; p = 0.007), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6, n-3; coefficient: 29.73; p = 0.007), polyunsaturated FAs (coefficient: 8.55; p = 0.001), foetal DHA (coefficient: −22.82; p = 0.037), and saturated FAs (coefficient: −65.41; p = 0.002) was found. Myristic (C14:0) and pentadecanoic acids (C15:0), both maternal (p = 0.000; p = 0.017) and foetal (p = 0.009; p = 0.002), and maternal erucic acid (C22:1, n-9; p = 0.026) were found at higher levels in SGA infants as compared to AGA ones. Conversely, maternal LA, AA, and omega 6 FAs levels were higher in AGA infants (p = 0.037; p = 0.003; p = 0.026, respectively). Maternal and foetal polyunsaturated and omega 6 FAs levels are positively related to BW, while a lipid profile rich in saturated FAs and erucic acid may influence the risk of SGA.
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32
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Taschereau-Charron A, Da Silva MS, Bilodeau JF, Morisset AS, Julien P, Rudkowska I. Alterations of fatty acid profiles in gestational diabetes and influence of the diet. Maturitas 2017; 99:98-104. [PMID: 28364876 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a pregnancy-induced complication with increased prevalence, especially in overweight women. Fatty acid (FA) composition in tissues can reflect dietary fat intake, especially essential FA intake. Moreover, it has been shown that FA profiles in blood lipid fractions are altered in diabetic patients. Consequently, women with GDM may also have a distinctive FA profile. The objective of this review is compare FA profiles in different blood lipid fractions and the influence of dietary fat intake in women with GDM or normoglycemic pregnancies. Results show that women with GDM have more saturated and less polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) in their red blood cell (RBC) membranes than normoglycemic pregnant women. Moreover, some studies reported that women with GDM have a greater energy intake from total fat and saturated FA, along with a lower energy intake from PUFA, when compared to normoglycemic pregnancies. Clinical trials showed that omega-3 PUFA levels in RBC membranes of GDM women can be restored by a dietary intervention. Further research is required to determine whether FA profiles are altered prior to the diagnosis of GDM and can be prevented by diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréa Taschereau-Charron
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Marine S Da Silva
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-François Bilodeau
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Anne-Sophie Morisset
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre Julien
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Iwona Rudkowska
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada.
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