1
|
Williamson G, Clifford MN. A critical examination of human data for the biological activity of phenolic acids and their phase-2 conjugates derived from dietary (poly)phenols, phenylalanine, tyrosine and catecholamines. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-60. [PMID: 39383187 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2410874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2024]
Abstract
Free or conjugated aromatic/phenolic acids arise from the diet, endogenous metabolism of catecholamines (adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine), protein (phenylalanine, tyrosine), pharmaceuticals (aspirin, metaprolol) plus gut microbiota metabolism of dietary (poly)phenols and undigested protein. Quantitative data obtained with authentic calibrants for 112 aromatic/phenolic acids including phase-2 conjugates in human plasma, urine, ileal fluid, feces and tissues have been collated and mean/median values compared with in vitro bioactivity data in cultured cells. Ca 30% of publications report bioactivity at ≤1 μmol/L. With support from clinical studies, it appears that the greatest benefit might be produced in vascular tissues by C6-C3 metabolites, including some of gut microbiota origin and some phase-2 conjugates, 15 of which are 3',4'-disubstituted with multiple sources including caffeic acid and hesperetin, plus one unsubstituted and two mono-substituted examples which can originate from protein. There is an unexamined potential for synergy. Free-living and washout plasma data are scarce. Some metabolites have been overlooked, notably phenyl-lactic, phenyl-hydracrylic and phenyl-propanoic acids, especially those from amino acids plus glycine, hydroxy-glycine and glutamine conjugates. Phenolic acids and conjugates from multiple sources exhibit biological activities, some of which are likely relevant in vivo and link to biomarkers of health. Further targeted studies are justified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gary Williamson
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Victorian Heart Institute, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Victoria Heart Hospital, Clayton, Australia
| | - Michael N Clifford
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Victorian Heart Institute, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Victoria Heart Hospital, Clayton, Australia
- School of Bioscience and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
DeBenedictis JN, Murrell C, Hauser D, van Herwijnen M, Elen B, de Kok TM, van Breda SG. Effects of Different Combinations of Phytochemical-Rich Fruits and Vegetables on Chronic Disease Risk Markers and Gene Expression Changes: Insights from the MiBLEND Study, a Randomized Trial. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:915. [PMID: 39199161 PMCID: PMC11351619 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Adequate fruit and vegetable (F and V) intake, as recommended by the World Health Organization (over 400 g/day), is linked to reduced chronic disease risk. However, human intervention trials, especially with whole F and V and in complex combinations, are lacking. The MiBlend Study explored the effects of various phytochemical-rich F and V combinations on chronic disease risk markers, phytochemical absorption, and gene expression in blood. This randomized cross-over study involved participants consuming two of seven different F and V blends for 2 weeks (450 g/day), following a 2-week low F and V intake period (50 g/day). Each blend represented major phytochemical classes (flavonoids, anthocyanins, carotenoids, and glucosinolates) or combinations thereof. Markers of chronic disease risk, including DNA damage, oxidative stress, and retinal microvasculature, were measured. Increasing F and V intake significantly improved plasma antioxidant capacity, DNA damage protection, and retinal arteriolar dilation. Flavonoid-rich, carotenoid-rich, and complex blends notably reduced DNA damage susceptibility. Anthocyanin-rich and carotenoid-rich interventions were most effective in boosting antioxidant capacity, while blends high in flavonoids, especially combined with anthocyanins, significantly improved retinal microvasculature. Gene expression analysis revealed changes in DNA repair, signal transduction, and transcription processes, indicating mechanisms for these health benefits. The study suggests specific F and V blends can provide targeted health improvements, emphasizing the importance of both overall F and V intake and the specific phytochemical composition for personalized preventive strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia N. DeBenedictis
- Toxicogenomics Department, GROW School of Oncology & Reproduction, Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Courtney Murrell
- Toxicogenomics Department, GROW School of Oncology & Reproduction, Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Duncan Hauser
- Toxicogenomics Department, GROW School of Oncology & Reproduction, Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel van Herwijnen
- Toxicogenomics Department, GROW School of Oncology & Reproduction, Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Elen
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Theo M. de Kok
- Toxicogenomics Department, GROW School of Oncology & Reproduction, Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Simone G. van Breda
- Toxicogenomics Department, GROW School of Oncology & Reproduction, Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jiang Y, Li X, Zhang Y, Wu B, Li Y, Tian L, Sun J, Bai W. Mechanism of action of anthocyanin on the detoxification of foodborne contaminants-A review of recent literature. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13259. [PMID: 38284614 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Foodborne contaminants refer to substances that are present in food and threaten food safety. Due to the progress in detection technology and the rising concerns regarding public health, there has been a surge in research focusing on the dangers posed by foodborne contaminants. These studies aim to explore and implement strategies that are both safe and efficient in mitigating the associated risks. Anthocyanins, a class of flavonoids, are abundantly present in various plant species, such as blueberries, grapes, purple sweet potatoes, cherries, mulberries, and others. Numerous epidemiological and nutritional intervention studies have provided evidence indicating that the consumption of anthocyanins through dietary intake offers a range of protective effects against the detrimental impact of foodborne contaminants. The present study aims to differentiate between two distinct subclasses of foodborne contaminants: those that are generated during the processing of food and those that originate from the surrounding environment. Furthermore, the impact of anthocyanins on foodborne contaminants was also summarized based on a review of articles published within the last 10 years. However, further investigation is warranted regarding the mechanism by which anthocyanins target foodborne contaminants, as well as the potential impact of individual variations in response. Additionally, it is important to note that there is currently a dearth of clinical research examining the efficacy of anthocyanins as an intervention for mitigating the effects of foodborne pollutants. Thus, by exploring the detoxification effect and mechanism of anthocyanins on foodborne pollutants, this review thereby provides evidence, supporting the utilization of anthocyanin-rich diets as a means to mitigate the detrimental effects of foodborne contaminants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jiang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xusheng Li
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Dongguan, PR China
| | - Yulin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Biyu Wu
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food, and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Yuxi Li
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Lingmin Tian
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jianxia Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Weibin Bai
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tsiountsioura M, Cvirn G, Meixner-Goetz L, Ziegler T, Lamprecht M. Effects of long-term consumption of two plant-based dietary supplements on cardiovascular health and low-grade inflammation in middle-aged and elderly people: study protocol for a randomised, controlled trial. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2023; 42:100. [PMID: 37726820 PMCID: PMC10510179 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-023-00434-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ageing is a process characterised by chronic low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress which could lead to increased prevalence of both physical and mental age-related chronic conditions. A healthy balanced diet, rich in fruit and vegetables as well as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3 PUFA), could reduce oxidative stress and improve markers of low-grade inflammation. Nonetheless, considering that a large part of the population struggles to meet current guidelines on fruit and vegetable and n3 PUFA recommendations, fruit and vegetable concentrate supplements and mixed omega fatty acid supplements could be an effective strategy to bridge the gap between actual and recommended intakes. METHODS In this randomised, controlled, open-labelled, parallel-grouped clinical trial, 112 participants will be allocated to one of four arms (n = 28 on each arm): an encapsulated juice powder concentrate, a plant-based omega fatty acid supplement, both or a control group. We aim to investigate whether long-term separate or combined ingestion of the two can affect biomarkers of cardiovascular health, low-grade inflammation and indicators of ageing, including cognitive function, in middle-aged and elderly people. We will additionally explore the effect of the different supplementations on plasma levels of vitamins, carotenoids and fatty acids. Intervention will last 2 years and participants will be assessed at baseline and at follow-up visits at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months. DISCUSSION This study will provide evidence whether long-term, plant-based dietary supplementation can support cardiovascular health, anti-inflammatory processes, immunity and nutritional status in ageing. Trial registration This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04763291) on February 21, 2021.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melina Tsiountsioura
- Juice Plus+ Science Institute, 140 Crescent Drive, Collierville, TN 38017 USA
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/III, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gerhard Cvirn
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/III, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Lisa Meixner-Goetz
- Juice Plus+ Science Institute, 140 Crescent Drive, Collierville, TN 38017 USA
| | - Tobias Ziegler
- Juice Plus+ Science Institute, 140 Crescent Drive, Collierville, TN 38017 USA
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/III, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Manfred Lamprecht
- Juice Plus+ Science Institute, 140 Crescent Drive, Collierville, TN 38017 USA
- Green Beat - Institute of Nutrient Research and Sport Nutrition, Nernstgasse 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Arcusa R, Carillo JÁ, Cerdá B, Durand T, Gil-Izquierdo Á, Medina S, Galano JM, Zafrilla MP, Marhuenda J. Ability of a Polyphenol-Rich Nutraceutical to Reduce Central Nervous System Lipid Peroxidation by Analysis of Oxylipins in Urine: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030721. [PMID: 36978969 PMCID: PMC10045327 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Isoprostanes (IsoPs) are lipid peroxidation biomarkers that reveal the oxidative status of the organism without specifying which organs or tissues it occurs in. Similar compounds have recently been identified that can assess central nervous system (CNS) lipid peroxidation status, usually oxidated by reactive oxygen species. These compounds are the neuroprostanes (NeuroPs) derived from eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and the F2t-dihomo-isoprotanes derived from adrenic acid (AdA). The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate whether the long-term nutraceutical consumption of high polyphenolic contents (600 mg) from fruits (such as berries) and vegetables shows efficacy against CNS lipid peroxidation in urine biomarkers. A total of 92 subjects (47 females, 45 males, age 34 ± 11 years old, weight 73.10 ± 14.29 kg, height 1.72 ± 9 cm, body mass index (BMI) 24.40 ± 3.43 kg/m2) completed a randomized, cross-over, double-blind study after an intervention of two periods of 16 weeks consuming either extract (EXT) or placebo (PLA) separated by a 4-week washout period. The results showed significant reductions in three AdA-derived metabolites, namely, 17-epi-17-F2t-dihomo-IsoPs (Δ −1.65 ng/mL; p < 0.001), 17-F2t-dihomo-IsoPs (Δ −0.17 ng/mL; p < 0.015), and ent-7(RS)-7-F2t-dihomo-IsoPs (Δ −1.97 ng/mL; p < 0.001), and one DHA-derived metabolite, namely, 4-F4t-NeuroP (Δ −7.94 ng/mL; p < 0.001), after EXT consumption, which was not observed after PLA consumption. These data seem to show the effectiveness of the extract for preventing CNS lipid peroxidation, as determined by measurements of oxylipins in urine through Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QqQ-ESI-MS/MS).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Arcusa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Católica de San Antonio, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (R.A.); (J.Á.C.); (B.C.); (J.M.)
| | - Juan Ángel Carillo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Católica de San Antonio, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (R.A.); (J.Á.C.); (B.C.); (J.M.)
| | - Begoña Cerdá
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Católica de San Antonio, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (R.A.); (J.Á.C.); (B.C.); (J.M.)
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, UMR 5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM 1919 Route de Mende, CEDEX 05, 34293 Montpellier, France; (T.D.); (J.-M.G.)
| | - Ángel Gil-Izquierdo
- Research Group on Quality Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Food Science and Technology Department, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (Á.G.-I.); (S.M.)
| | - Sonia Medina
- Research Group on Quality Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Food Science and Technology Department, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (Á.G.-I.); (S.M.)
| | - Jean-Marie Galano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, UMR 5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM 1919 Route de Mende, CEDEX 05, 34293 Montpellier, France; (T.D.); (J.-M.G.)
| | - María Pilar Zafrilla
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Católica de San Antonio, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (R.A.); (J.Á.C.); (B.C.); (J.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-685-607-716
| | - Javier Marhuenda
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Católica de San Antonio, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (R.A.); (J.Á.C.); (B.C.); (J.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Screening and characterization of phenolic compounds by LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS and their antioxidant potentials in papaya fruit and their by-products activities. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
|
7
|
Type 2 Diabetes mellitus alters the cargo of (poly)phenol metabolome and the oxidative status in circulating lipoproteins. Redox Biol 2022; 59:102572. [PMID: 36516720 PMCID: PMC9762197 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of diabetes on the worldwide population has tripled in the past 5 decades. While drug-based therapies are valuable strategies to treat and ease the socio-economic burden of diabetes, nutritional strategies offer valuable alternatives to prevent and manage diabetes onset and contribute to the sustainability of health budgets. Whilst, intervention studies have shown that (poly)phenol-rich diets improve fasting glucose levels and other blood parameters, very little is known about the distribution of ingested polyphenols in circulation and the impact of diabetes on its cargo. In this study we investigate the impact of type 2 diabetes on the cargo of plasma (poly)phenols. Our results show that phenolic compounds are heterogeneously distributed in circulation though mainly transported by lipoprotein populations. We also found that diabetes has a marked effect on the phenolic content transported by VLDL resulting in the decrease in the content of flavonoids and consequently a decrease in the antioxidant capacity. In addition to the reduced bioavailability of (poly)phenol metabolites and increase of oxidative status in LDL and HDL populations in diabetes, cell-based assays show that sub-micromolar amounts of microbial (poly)phenol metabolites are able to counteract the pro-inflammatory status in glucose-challenged endothelial cells. Our findings highlight the relevance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in the transport and delivery of bioactive plant-based compounds to the endothelium in T2DM supporting the adoption of nutritional guidelines as an alternative strategy to drug-based therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
|
8
|
Exposure to (Poly)phenol Metabolites after a Fruit and Vegetable Supplement Intake: A Double-Blind, Cross-Over, Randomized Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224913. [PMID: 36432599 PMCID: PMC9692523 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary (poly)phenol intake derived from the daily consumption of five portions of fruits and vegetables could protect against the development of non-communicable diseases. However, the general population does not meet the recommended intake. Supplementation with (poly)phenol-rich ingredients, within a varied and balanced diet, could help in filling this nutritional gap. This study aimed to validate the proof-of-concept of a (poly)phenolic supplementation developed to enhance the daily consumption of potentially bioactive compounds. Oxxynea® is a (poly)phenol-rich ingredient developed to provide the quantity and the variety corresponding to five-a-day fruit and vegetable consumption. In this double-blind, randomized cross-over study, 10 participants were supplemented with 450 mg of a (poly)phenol-based supplement or a placebo. Pharmacokinetics and urinary excretion profiles were measured for 24 and 48 h, respectively, using UPHLC-MS/MS analysis. The pharmacokinetic profile displayed a triphasic absorption, indicating peaks of circulating metabolites at 1.75 ± 0.25 h, 4.50 ± 0.34 h, 9.50 ± 0.33 h and an average Tmax (time of maximal plasma concentration) of 6.90 ± 0.96 h. Similarly, the urinary profile showed maximum metabolite excretion at 3-6 h, 6-10 h and 14-24 h after supplement consumption. Compared to individual metabolites belonging to different (poly)phenolic subfamilies, the total circulating and excreted metabolites showed a reduced coefficient of variation (CV 38%). The overall bioavailability estimated was 27.4 ± 3.4%. Oxxynea® supplementation may provide a sustained exposure to several (poly)phenolic metabolites and catabolites and reduces the inter-individual variation that could arise from supplementing only one class of (poly)phenol.
Collapse
|
9
|
Gonçalves AC, Falcão A, Alves G, Lopes JA, Silva LR. Employ of Anthocyanins in Nanocarriers for Nano Delivery: In Vitro and In Vivo Experimental Approaches for Chronic Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2272. [PMID: 36365091 PMCID: PMC9695229 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are among the best-known phenolic compounds and possess remarkable biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antidiabetic effects. Despite their therapeutic benefits, they are not widely used as health-promoting agents due to their instability, low absorption, and, thus, low bioavailability and rapid metabolism in the human body. Recent research suggests that the application of nanotechnology could increase their solubility and/or bioavailability, and thus their biological potential. Therefore, in this review, we have provided, for the first time, a comprehensive overview of in vitro and in vivo studies on nanocarriers used as delivery systems of anthocyanins, and their aglycones, i.e., anthocyanidins alone or combined with conventional drugs in the treatment or management of chronic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Gonçalves
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
- CIBIT—Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Amílcar Falcão
- CIBIT—Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Alves
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - João A. Lopes
- iMed.ULisboa, Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, University of Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís R. Silva
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
- CPIRN-UDI/IPG, Center of Potential and Innovation of Natural Resources, Research Unit for Inland Development (UDI), Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Carregosa D, Pinto C, Ávila-Gálvez MÁ, Bastos P, Berry D, Santos CN. A look beyond dietary (poly)phenols: The low molecular weight phenolic metabolites and their concentrations in human circulation. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:3931-3962. [PMID: 36037277 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A large number of epidemiological studies have shown that consumption of fruits, vegetables, and beverages rich in (poly)phenols promote numerous health benefits from cardiovascular to neurological diseases. Evidence on (poly)phenols has been applied mainly to flavonoids, yet the role of phenolic acids has been largely overlooked. Such phenolics present in food combine with those resulting from gut microbiota catabolism of flavonoids and chlorogenic acids and those produced by endogenous pathways, resulting in large concentrations of low molecular weight phenolic metabolites in human circulation. Independently of the origin, in human intervention studies using diets rich in (poly)phenols, a total of 137 low molecular weight phenolic metabolites have been detected and quantified in human circulation with largely unknown biological function. In this review, we will pinpoint two main aspects of the low molecular weight phenolic metabolites: (i) the microbiota responsible for their generation, and (ii) the analysis (quali- and quantitative) in human circulation and their respective pharmacokinetics. In doing so, we aim to drive scientific advances regarding the ubiquitous roles of low molecular weight phenolic metabolites using physiologically relevant concentrations and under (patho)physiologically relevant conditions in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Carregosa
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade Ciências Médicas, NMS
- FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina Pinto
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade Ciências Médicas, NMS
- FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - María Ángeles Ávila-Gálvez
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade Ciências Médicas, NMS
- FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Lisboa, Portugal.,iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Paulo Bastos
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade Ciências Médicas, NMS
- FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - David Berry
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cláudia Nunes Santos
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade Ciências Médicas, NMS
- FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Lisboa, Portugal.,iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, Oeiras, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Capacity of a Fruit and Vegetable-Based Nutraceutical Measured by Urinary Oxylipin Concentration in a Healthy Population: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071342. [PMID: 35883832 PMCID: PMC9312146 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxylipins, lipid biomarkers of inflammation are considered the gold standard method to evaluate the inflammatory and antioxidant status. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the administration of a polyphenolic extract shot in the form of a nutraceutical was able to reduce inflammation, measured in urine markers. Ninety-two participants (45 males, 47 females, age 34 ± 11 years, weight 73.10 ± 14.29 kg, height 1.72 ± 9 cm, BMI 24.40 ± 3.43 kg/m2) completed the study after an intervention of two 16-week periods consuming extract or placebo separated by a 4-week washout period. The results showed significant differences in terms of reduction of different pro-inflammatory oxylipins (15-keto-PGF2α (from 0.90 ± 0.25 ng/mL to 0.74 ± 0.19 ng/mL p < 0.05), ent-PGF2α (from 1.59 ± 0.37 ng/mL to 1.44 ± 0.32 ng/mL p < 0.05), 2,3-dinor-15-F2t-Isop) (from 1.17 ± 0.35 ng/mL to 1.02 ± 0.27 ng/mL p < 0.05), in total oxylipins count (from 8.03 ± 1.86 ng/mL to 7.25 ± 1.23 ng/mL p < 0.05), and increase in PGE2 (from 1.02 ± 0.38 ng/mL to 1.26 ± 0.38 ng/mL p < 0.05) which has an anti-inflammatory character, after extract consumption compared to placebo. The available data seem to indicate that long-term consumption of a nutraceutical with high polyphenol content improves inflammation and oxidation parameters measured in urine, through UHPLC-QqQ-ESI-MS/MS.
Collapse
|
12
|
Gonçalves AC, Nunes AR, Flores-Félix JD, Alves G, Silva LR. Cherries and Blueberries-Based Beverages: Functional Foods with Antidiabetic and Immune Booster Properties. Molecules 2022; 27:3294. [PMID: 35630771 PMCID: PMC9145489 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, it is largely accepted that the daily intake of fruits, vegetables, herbal products and derivatives is an added value in promoting human health, given their capacity to counteract oxidative stress markers and suppress uncontrolled pro-inflammatory responses. Given that, natural-based products seem to be a promising strategy to attenuate, or even mitigate, the development of chronic diseases, such as diabetes, and to boost the immune system. Among fruits, cherries and blueberries are nutrient-dense fruits that have been a target of many studies and interest given their richness in phenolic compounds and notable biological potential. In fact, research has already demonstrated that these fruits can be considered functional foods, and hence, their use in functional beverages, whose popularity is increasing worldwide, is not surprising and seem to be a promising and useful strategy. Therefore, the present review reinforces the idea that cherries and blueberries can be incorporated into new pharmaceutical products, smart foods, functional beverages, and nutraceuticals and be effective in preventing and/or treating diseases mediated by inflammatory mediators, reactive species, and free radicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Gonçalves
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- CIBIT-Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana R Nunes
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- CNC-Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José D Flores-Félix
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Alves
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Luís R Silva
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- CPIRN-UDI-IPG-Center of Potential and Innovation of Natural Resources, Research Unit for Inland Development, Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Comparison of chemometric strategies for potential exposure marker discovery and false-positive reduction in untargeted metabolomics: application to the serum analysis by LC-HRMS after intake of Vaccinium fruit supplements. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:1841-1855. [PMID: 35028688 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03815-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Untargeted liquid chromatographic-high-resolution mass spectrometric (LC-HRMS) metabolomics for potential exposure marker (PEM) discovery in nutrikinetic studies generates complex outputs. The correct selection of statistically significant PEMs is a crucial analytical step for understanding nutrition-health interactions. Hence, in this paper, different chemometric selection workflows for PEM discovery, using multivariate or univariate parametric or non-parametric data analyses, were comparatively tested and evaluated. The PEM selection protocols were applied to a small-sample-size untargeted LC-HRMS study of a longitudinal set of serum samples from 20 volunteers after a single intake of (poly)phenolic-rich Vaccinium myrtillus and Vaccinium corymbosum supplements. The non-parametric Games-Howell test identified a restricted group of significant features, thus minimizing the risk of false-positive retention. Among the forty-seven PEMs exhibiting a statistically significant postprandial kinetics, twelve were successfully annotated as purine pathway metabolites, benzoic and benzodiol metabolites, indole alkaloids, and organic and fatty acids, and five (i.e. octahydro-methyl-β-carboline-dicarboxylic acid, tetrahydro-methyl-β-carboline-dicarboxylic acid, citric acid, caprylic acid, and azelaic acid) were associated to Vaccinium berry consumption for the first time. The analysis of the area under the curve of the longitudinal dataset highlighted thirteen statistically significant PEMs discriminating the two interventions, including four intra-intervention relevant metabolites (i.e. abscisic acid glucuronide, catechol sulphate, methyl-catechol sulphate, and α-hydroxy-hippuric acid). Principal component analysis and sample classification through linear discriminant analysis performed on PEM maximum intensity confirmed the discriminating role of these PEMs.
Collapse
|
14
|
Macêdo APA, Gonçalves MDS, Barreto Medeiros JM, David JM, Villarreal CF, Macambira SG, Soares MBP, Couto RD. Potential therapeutic effects of green tea on obese lipid profile - a systematic review. Nutr Health 2022; 28:401-415. [PMID: 35014893 DOI: 10.1177/02601060211073236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Green tea, obtained from the plant Camellis sinensis, is one of the oldest drinks in the world and contains numerous bioactive compounds. Studies have demonstrated the efficacy of green tea in preventing obesity and cardiovascular diseases that may be related to the reduction of lipid levels. Aim: This study aimed to evidence, through a systematic review, the therapeutic potential of green tea on the lipid profile in preclinical studies in obese animals and clinical studies in obese individuals. Methods: This systematic review follows the recommendations of the preferred report items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The electronic databases, PubMed (Medline), Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science were consulted. Articles from January 2009 to December 2019 were selected. Results: This search resulted in twenty-nine articles were included cirtically reviewed. In experimental studies, green tea administration has been shown to reduce total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in animals exposed to obesity-inducing diet. In humans' studies green tea was not shown to be effective for obese lipid control. Because supplementation with green tea extract reduced total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein for three months at a specific dose. Conclusion: Therefore, green tea appears to act as a protective agent for dyslipidemia in obesity-induced animals. In human studies, green tea has not been shown to be effective in controlling obese lipids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Azevêdo Macêdo
- Postgraduate Program in Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, 28111Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Mariane Dos Santos Gonçalves
- Postgraduate Program in Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, 28111Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Jorge Mauricio David
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Simone Garcia Macambira
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Milena Botelho Pereira Soares
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Immuno Pharmacology, 42509Research Center Gonçalo Moniz, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ricardo David Couto
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Metabotypes of flavan-3-ol colonic metabolites after cranberry intake: elucidation and statistical approaches. Eur J Nutr 2021; 61:1299-1317. [PMID: 34750642 PMCID: PMC8921115 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02692-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Extensive inter-individual variability exists in the production of flavan-3-ol metabolites. Preliminary metabolic phenotypes (metabotypes) have been defined, but there is no consensus on the existence of metabotypes associated with the catabolism of catechins and proanthocyanidins. This study aims at elucidating the presence of different metabotypes in the urinary excretion of main flavan-3-ol colonic metabolites after consumption of cranberry products and at assessing the impact of the statistical technique used for metabotyping. Methods Data on urinary concentrations of phenyl-γ-valerolactones and 3-(hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid derivatives from two human interventions has been used. Different multivariate statistics, principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis, and partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), have been considered. Results Data pre-treatment plays a major role on resulting PCA models. Cluster analysis based on k-means and a final consensus algorithm lead to quantitative-based models, while the expectation–maximization algorithm and clustering according to principal component scores yield metabotypes characterized by quali-quantitative differences in the excretion of colonic metabolites. PLS-DA, together with univariate analyses, has served to validate the urinary metabotypes in the production of flavan-3-ol metabolites and to confirm the robustness of the methodological approach. Conclusions This work proposes a methodological workflow for metabotype definition and highlights the importance of data pre-treatment and clustering methods on the final outcomes for a given dataset. It represents an additional step toward the understanding of the inter-individual variability in flavan-3-ol metabolism. Trial registration The acute study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02517775, August 7, 2015; the chronic study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02764749, May 6, 2016. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00394-021-02692-z.
Collapse
|
16
|
Gonçalves AC, Flores-Félix JD, Costa AR, Falcão A, Alves G, Silva LR. Hepatoprotective Effects of Sweet Cherry Extracts (cv. Saco). Foods 2021; 10:foods10112623. [PMID: 34828905 PMCID: PMC8621173 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second cause of death worldwide. Among cancers, hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most prevalent. Evidence indicates that the daily consumption of fruits and vegetables can prevent the onset of various cancers due to the presence of bioactive compounds. Sweet cherries are known for their richness in phenolics, including anthocyanins, which are the major constituents, and presumably, the key contributors to their biological activity. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of three different cherry fractions on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells viability and effectiveness to improve the redox status of these cells under oxidative damage induced by nitric oxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide. Phenolic characterization of fractions was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The obtained results indicated that enriched phenolic fractions of sweet cherries (cv. Saco, can impair cell viability and suppress cells growth after 72 h of exposure, promoting necrosis at the highest tested concentrations (>50 µg/mL). Additionally, fractions also showed the capacity to protect these cells against oxidative injury by capturing radicals before they can attack cells’ membrane and by modulating reactive oxygen and nitrogen species generation, as demonstrated by bioinformatic tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Gonçalves
- CICS–UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (J.D.F.-F.); (A.R.C.); (G.A.)
- CIBIT—Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - José D. Flores-Félix
- CICS–UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (J.D.F.-F.); (A.R.C.); (G.A.)
| | - Ana R. Costa
- CICS–UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (J.D.F.-F.); (A.R.C.); (G.A.)
| | - Amílcar Falcão
- CIBIT—Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Alves
- CICS–UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (J.D.F.-F.); (A.R.C.); (G.A.)
| | - Luís R. Silva
- CICS–UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (J.D.F.-F.); (A.R.C.); (G.A.)
- CPIRN-UDI/IPG—Centro de Potencial e Inovação em Recursos Naturais, Unidade de Investigação para o Desenvolvimento do Interior do Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-275-329-077
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gonçalves AC, Nunes AR, Falcão A, Alves G, Silva LR. Dietary Effects of Anthocyanins in Human Health: A Comprehensive Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14070690. [PMID: 34358116 PMCID: PMC8308553 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the consumption of natural-based foods, including beans, fruits, legumes, nuts, oils, vegetables, spices, and whole grains, has been encouraged. This fact is essentially due to their content in bioactive phytochemicals, with the phenolic compounds standing out. Among them, anthocyanins have been a target of many studies due to the presence of catechol, pyrogallol, and methoxy groups in their chemical structure, which confer notable scavenging, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory activities, being already recommended as supplementation to mitigate or even attenuate certain disorders, such as diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular and neurological pathologies. The most well-known anthocyanins are cyanidin 3-O-glucoside and cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside. They are widespread in nature, being present in considerable amounts in red fruits and red vegetables. Overall, the present review intends to discuss the most recent findings on the potential health benefits from the daily intake of anthocyanin-rich foods, as well as their possible pharmacological mechanisms of action. However, before that, some emphasis regarding their chemical structure, dietary sources, and bioavailability was done.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Gonçalves
- CICS–UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (A.R.N.); (G.A.)
| | - Ana R. Nunes
- CICS–UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (A.R.N.); (G.A.)
| | - Amílcar Falcão
- CIBIT—Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Edifício do ICNAS, Pólo 3, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Alves
- CICS–UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (A.R.N.); (G.A.)
| | - Luís R. Silva
- CICS–UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (A.R.N.); (G.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-275-329-077
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rocha S, Oskolkova O, de Freitas V, Reis A. (Poly)phenol-Rich Diets in the Management of Endothelial Dysfunction in Diabetes Mellitus: Biological Properties in Cultured Endothelial Cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2001130. [PMID: 34050718 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202001130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Processed and ready-to-eat foods become routinely consumed resulting in a sharp rise of sugar intake in people's daily diets. The inclusion of fresh fruits and vegetables rich in (poly)phenols has been encouraged by the World Health Organization (WHO) as part of the daily choices to ameliorate endothelial dysfunction and ease the socio-economic burden of diabetes. Research in Food, Nutrition, and Cell Metabolism areas is revealing that the health benefits of (poly)phenol-rich foods go beyond their antioxidant properties and are in fact key modulators of redox and glycaemia status, and inflammatory response contributing to improved endothelial function and vascular health in diabetes. Other beneficial aspects include appetite modulation, regulation of hydrolytic enzymes involved in sugar and lipid metabolism, and mediation of cell-cell aggregation events. This work overviews the current knowledge on the biological properties of ingested (poly)phenols in cultured endothelial cells with emphasis on the circulating (poly)phenols, providing support to (poly)phenol-rich diets as alternatives to drug-based therapies in the prevention, treatment, and management of diabetes. A critical evaluation on the caveats and challenges involve in current experimental cell-based designs and approaches adopted is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rocha
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto, 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Olga Oskolkova
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 46/III, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Victor de Freitas
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto, 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Ana Reis
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto, 4169-007, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Effects of a Fruit and Vegetable-Based Nutraceutical on Biomarkers of Inflammation and Oxidative Status in the Plasma of a Healthy Population: A Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, and Randomized Clinical Trial. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123604. [PMID: 34204618 PMCID: PMC8231220 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There is scientific evidence of the positive effect of polyphenols from plant foods on inflammation and oxidative status. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether treatment with a high-polyphenolic nutraceutical reduces the plasmatic concentration of certain oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers in a healthy population. One hundred and eight subjects were selected and stratified by sex in the intervention group (n = 53) and the placebo group (n = 55). Ninety-two subjects completed the study after two 16-week treatment periods separated by a four-week washout period. The results revealed statistically significant differences in subjects treated with the polyphenolic extract compared to the placebo: A decrease in homocysteine, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL), TNF-α, sTNFR1, and C-reactive protein (CRP). The most significant decrease was observed for OxLDL (from 78.98 ± 24.48 to 69.52 ± 15.64; p < 0.05) and CRP (from 1.50 ± 0.33 to 1.39 ± 0.37; p < 0.05), both showing significant differences compared to the placebo (p < 0.001). Moreover, catecholamines increased after the administration of the product under investigation, especially in the case of dopamine (from 15.43 ± 2.66 to 19.61 ± 5.73; p < 0.05). Therefore, the consumption of a nutraceutical based on fruit and vegetables with a high polyphenol content seems to improve the parameters related to health benefits (oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers), including remarkable changes in the expression of catecholamines.
Collapse
|
20
|
Micek A, Raźny U, Paweł K. Association between health risk factors and dietary flavonoid intake in cohort studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2021; 72:1019-1034. [PMID: 33827357 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2021.1908965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify the health risk factors associated with flavonoid intake in cohort studies investigating the association between dietary polyphenols and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). A systematic search of the PubMed and EMBASE databases was performed. Prospective studies with the background characteristics given for categories of flavonoid intake were eligible to inclusion. A bivariate meta-analysis summarising the intercepts and slopes of the linear regression and a dose-response meta-analysis of differences in means were used to analyse the relationships. The intake of total flavonoids was inversely associated with BMI, alcohol consumption, saturated fat intake, and current smoking, and positively associated with vitamin E, folate, fibre, beta-carotene intake, multivitamin supplement use, and high physical activity. The results of this study underline the importance of considering the association between dietary flavonoid consumption and CVD risk in the context of a healthy lifestyle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Micek
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Department of Nursing Management and Epidemiology Nursing, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Urszula Raźny
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kawalec Paweł
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Department of Nutrition and Drug Research, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Going "Green" in the Prevention and Management of Atherothrombotic Diseases: The Role of Dietary Polyphenols. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10071490. [PMID: 33916712 PMCID: PMC8038361 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10071490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During the 20th century processed and ready-to-eat foods became routinely consumed resulting in a sharp rise of fat, salt, and sugar intake in people's diets. Currently, the global incidence of obesity, raised blood lipids, hypertension, and diabetes in an increasingly aged population contributes to the rise of atherothrombotic events and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) mortality. Drug-based therapies are valuable strategies to tackle and help manage the socio-economic impact of atherothrombotic disorders though not without adverse side effects. The inclusion of fresh fruits and vegetables rich in flavonoids to human diets, as recommended by WHO offers a valuable nutritional strategy, alternative to drug-based therapies, to be explored in the prevention and management of atherothrombotic diseases at early stages. Though polyphenols are mostly associated to color and taste in foods, food flavonoids are emerging as modulators of cholesterol biosynthesis, appetite and food intake, blood pressure, platelet function, clot formation, and anti-inflammatory signaling, supporting the health-promoting effects of polyphenol-rich diets in mitigating the impact of risk factors in atherothrombotic disorders and CVD events. Here we overview the current knowledge on the effect of polyphenols particularly of flavonoid intake on the atherothrombotic risk factors and discuss the caveats and challenges involved with current experimental cell-based designs.
Collapse
|
22
|
Brito TGDS, Silva APSD, Cunha RXD, Fonseca CSMD, Araújo TFDS, Campos JKDL, Nascimento WM, Araújo HDAD, Silva JPRE, Tavares JF, Santos BSD, Lima VLDM. Anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and analgesic activities of Plinia cauliflora (Mart.) Kausel (Brazilian grape) epicarp. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 268:113611. [PMID: 33242623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Plinia cauliflora (Mart.) Kausel, known in Brazil as jabuticaba or jaboticaba has been used by Brazilian native populations for medicinal purposes, including those related to inflammatory conditions, such as asthma, diarrhea, disorders in female genitourinary tract, and tonsillitis. Inflammation has emerged as a main factor for the oxidative stress, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia present in chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Such disturbances have been a leading cause of death worldwide for decades, despite significant efforts in developing new therapies. Therefore, strengthening the relevance of ethnobotanic approaches, as P. cauliflora has the potential to become a natural, native, and traditional product to prevent and treat inflammation-associated diseases more effectively for more people. AIM OF THE STUDY Evaluate anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and analgesic properties of hydroethanolic extract of P. cauliflora epicarps (PcE). MATERIALS AND METHODS Phytochemical compound from the PcE were identified through HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn analysis. Antioxidant activity was determined by measuring 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging. The anti-inflammatory potential was investigated by carrageenan-induced paw edema and peritonitis in mice. Analgesic effect was assessed, in mice, though hot plate test and acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing. Antidiabetic and hypolipidemic potential were evaluated using alloxan-induced diabetic mice. RESULTS Tannins, phenolic acids, and their derivatives were the predominant phytochemicals found. Overall, PcE showed different properties related to the treatment of clinical conditions associated with chronic diseases as a potent antioxidant activity, demonstrating a radical scavenging action similar to gallic acid. PcE oral administration also significantly reduced inflammation induced by paw edema and partially blocked leukocyte migration. Moreover, PcE produced peripheral and central analgesic effects, as evaluated in the writhing model and hot plate tests. Treatment with PcE significantly improved glucose levels and lipid markers in diabetic mice. CONCLUSIONS P. cauliflora fruits are rich sources of secondary metabolites, mainly tannins and phenolic acids with high biological potential, which can effectively contribute to the approach of preventing and controlling chronic NCDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thaíse Gabriele da Silva Brito
- Laboratório de Lipídios e Aplicações de Biomoléculas em Doenças Prevalentes e Negligenciadas. Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, CEP 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Sant'Anna da Silva
- Laboratório de Lipídios e Aplicações de Biomoléculas em Doenças Prevalentes e Negligenciadas. Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, CEP 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Rebeca Xavier da Cunha
- Laboratório de Lipídios e Aplicações de Biomoléculas em Doenças Prevalentes e Negligenciadas. Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, CEP 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Caíque Silveira Martins da Fonseca
- Laboratório de Lipídios e Aplicações de Biomoléculas em Doenças Prevalentes e Negligenciadas. Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, CEP 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Tiago Ferreira da Silva Araújo
- Colegiado de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Vale Eo São Francisco, Avenida José de Sá Maniçoba, S/N, CEP 56304917, Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | - Janaína Karin de Lima Campos
- Laboratório Morfofuncional, Curso de Medicina, Núcleo de Ciências da Vida, Centro Acadêmico do Agreste, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Rodovia BR-104, Km 62, S/N, CEP, 55014-908, Caruaru, PE, Brazil
| | - Weber Melo Nascimento
- Laboratório de Lipídios e Aplicações de Biomoléculas em Doenças Prevalentes e Negligenciadas. Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, CEP 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Hallysson Douglas Andrade de Araújo
- Laboratório de Lipídios e Aplicações de Biomoléculas em Doenças Prevalentes e Negligenciadas. Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, CEP 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Joanda Paolla Raimundo E Silva
- Laboratório Multiusuário de Caracterização e Análise - LMCA, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Cidade Universitária, Campus I, Castelo Branco III, S/N, 58033-455, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Josean Fechine Tavares
- Laboratório Multiusuário de Caracterização e Análise - LMCA, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Cidade Universitária, Campus I, Castelo Branco III, S/N, 58033-455, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Bianka Santana Dos Santos
- Laboratório Morfofuncional, Curso de Medicina, Núcleo de Ciências da Vida, Centro Acadêmico do Agreste, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Rodovia BR-104, Km 62, S/N, CEP, 55014-908, Caruaru, PE, Brazil
| | - Vera Lúcia de Menezes Lima
- Laboratório de Lipídios e Aplicações de Biomoléculas em Doenças Prevalentes e Negligenciadas. Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, CEP 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Effects of Fruit and Vegetable-Based Nutraceutical on Cognitive Function in a Healthy Population: Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, and Randomized Clinical Trial. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10010116. [PMID: 33467530 PMCID: PMC7830952 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
There is scientific evidence of the positive effect of polyphenols from plant foods on cognition, but not enough is known about the synergistic effect when multiple polyphenols are consumed and even less in a healthy non-elderly population. The aim of the present study is to investigate the possible effects of improvements in cognitive function in healthy people as a preparation based on micronized fruit and vegetables consumed. One hundred and eight subjects were selected, stratified by sex in the control intervention group (n = 53) and placebo (n = 55). Volunteers completed the study after two 16-week periods of consumption with a 4-week wash period between each phase. At the beginning and the end of each phase, volunteers performed the Stroop, TESEN, and RIST tests for the measurement of different cognitive function patterns. The results revealed statistically significant differences in all the variables of the tests carried out, especially compared with the placebo. Specially, the results obtained in the Stroop and TESEN test, in addition to the processing speed even with semantic interferences, were markedly better after the treatment with the product under study. Moreover, the consumption of the product under study clearly improves short-term memory, verbal and non-verbal, according to the results obtained in the RIST test. The results showed an improvement in executive function in terms of short-term memory, working memory, selective and sustained attention, and speed of processing.
Collapse
|
24
|
SANTIAGO-SAENZ YO, LÓPEZ-PALESTINA CU, GUTIÉRREZ-TLAHQUE J, MONROY-TORRES R, PINEDO-ESPINOZA JM, HERNÁNDEZ-FUENTES AD. Nutritional and functional evaluation of three powder mixtures based on mexican quelites: alternative ingredients to formulate food supplements. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.28419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
|
25
|
Voelker AL, Felten C, Taylor LS, Mauer LJ. Effects of polyphenols on crystallization of amorphous sucrose lyophiles. Food Chem 2020; 338:128061. [PMID: 32950870 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The crystallization of amorphous sucrose in food products can greatly affect the quality of foods. This study investigated the effects of polyphenols on the crystallization of amorphous sucrose lyophiles. Monoglycosylated, polyglycosylated, and aglycones with differing polyphenol backbones were studied, in addition to bulk food ingredients containing a high concentration of polyphenols. Solutions containing sucrose with and without polyphenols (1 and 5%) were lyophilized, stored in RH-controlled desiccators, and analyzed by x-ray diffraction. Moisture sorption studies, Karl Fischer titration, and differential scanning calorimetry were also completed. Polyphenol addition delayed sucrose crystallization by up to 6.4x compared to the control. Structure played the most significant role in efficacy of polyphenols in delaying sucrose crystallization, more than Tg or hygroscopicity. Glycosylated polyphenols were more effective than aglycones, polyphenols with (2,1) glycosidic linkages were more effective than those with (6,1) linkages, and bulk food ingredients were the most effective at delaying sucrose crystallization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne L Voelker
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, 745 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States.
| | - Collin Felten
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, 745 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States.
| | - Lynne S Taylor
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States.
| | - Lisa J Mauer
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, 745 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Reis A, Perez-Gregorio R, Mateus N, de Freitas V. Interactions of dietary polyphenols with epithelial lipids: advances from membrane and cell models in the study of polyphenol absorption, transport and delivery to the epithelium. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:3007-3030. [PMID: 32654502 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1791794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Currently, diet-related diseases such as diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases account for 70% of all global deaths. To counteract the rising prevalence of non-communicable diseases governments are investing in persuasive educational campaigns toward the ingestion of fresh fruits and vegetables. The intake of dietary polyphenols abundant in Mediterranean and Nordic-type diets holds great potential as nutritional strategies in the management of diet-related diseases. However, the successful implementation of healthy nutritional strategies relies on a pleasant sensory perception in the mouth able to persuade consumers to adopt polyphenol-rich diets and on a deeper understanding on the chemical modifications, that affect not only their chemical properties but also their physical interaction with epithelial lipids and in turn their permeability, location within the lipid bilayer, toxicity and biological activity, and fate during absorption at the gastro-intestinal epithelium, transport in circulation and delivery to the endothelium. In this paper, we review the current knowledge on the interactions between polyphenols and their metabolites with membrane lipids in artificial membranes and epithelial cell models (oral, stomach, gut and endothelium) and the findings from polyphenol-lipid interactions to physiological processes such as oral taste perception, gastrointestinal absorption and endothelial health. Finally, we discuss the limitations and challenges associated with the current experimental approaches in membrane and cell model studies and the potential of polyphenol-rich diets in the quest for personalized nutritional strategies ("personalized nutrition") to assist in the prevention, treatment, and management of non-communicable diseases in an increasingly aged population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Reis
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rosa Perez-Gregorio
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Mateus
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Victor de Freitas
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Favari C, Mena P, Curti C, Istas G, Heiss C, Del Rio D, Rodriguez-Mateos A. Kinetic profile and urinary excretion of phenyl-γ-valerolactones upon consumption of cranberry: a dose-response relationship. Food Funct 2020; 11:3975-3985. [PMID: 32396592 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00806k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cranberries are a rich source of poly(phenols), mainly monomeric and oligomeric flavan-3-ols. However, information on the appearance of their main circulating microbial metabolites, namely phenyl-γ-valerolactones and phenylvaleric acid, is lacking despite its relevance to understanding the health effects attributed to cranberries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the absorption, metabolism and urinary excretion of cranberry flavan-3-ols through the targeted analysis of phenyl-γ-valerolactones and their related phenylvaleric acids, considering also their potential as biomarkers of flavan-3-ol intake and inter-individual variability in their appearance in plasma and urine. A six-arm acute crossover, randomized, double-blinded, controlled intervention trial was performed in ten healthy males who consumed a cranberry juice drink (375, 716, 1131, 1396, 1741 mg of total flavan-3-ols) or an isocaloric control drink with one-week washout. Plasma and urine were analyzed by UHPLC-ESI-QqQ-MS/MS and 22 compounds were identified. Glucuronide and sulfate conjugates of 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone were the main circulating and excreted metabolites after cranberry juice intake, with glucuronidation appearing to be the most favorable conjugation route. These compounds reached maximum plasma concentration at about 4-6 h. Plasma and urinary concentrations of the sum of the metabolites increased in relation to the amounts of cranberry flavan-3-ols provided by the drink, showing a clear and linear dose-dependent relationship and underscoring their potential as biomarkers of flavan-3-ol intake. A high inter-individual variability in circulating and urinary metabolite levels was observed and, interestingly, some subjects seemed to display a greater efficiency in metabolizing flavan-3-ols and producing phenyl-γ-valerolactones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Favari
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food & Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Mena P, Bresciani L, Brindani N, Ludwig IA, Pereira-Caro G, Angelino D, Llorach R, Calani L, Brighenti F, Clifford MN, Gill CIR, Crozier A, Curti C, Del Rio D. Phenyl-γ-valerolactones and phenylvaleric acids, the main colonic metabolites of flavan-3-ols: synthesis, analysis, bioavailability, and bioactivity. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 36:714-752. [PMID: 30468210 DOI: 10.1039/c8np00062j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 1958 to June 2018 Phenyl-γ-valerolactones (PVLs) and their related phenylvaleric acids (PVAs) are the main metabolites of flavan-3-ols, the major class of flavonoids in the human diet. Despite their presumed importance, these gut microbiota-derived compounds have, to date, in terms of biological activity, been considered subordinate to their parent dietary compounds, the flavan-3-ol monomers and proanthocyanidins. In this review, the role and prospects of PVLs and PVAs as key metabolites in the understanding of the health features of flavan-3-ols have been critically assessed. Among the topics covered, are proposals for a standardised nomenclature for PVLs and PVAs. The formation, bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of PVLs and PVAs from different types of flavan-3-ols are discussed, taking into account in vitro and animal studies, as well as inter-individual differences and the existence of putative flavan-3-ol metabotypes. Synthetic strategies used for the preparation of PVLs are considered and the methodologies for their identification and quantification assessed. Metabolomic approaches unravelling the role of PVLs and PVAs as biomarkers of intake are also described. Finally, the biological activity of these microbial catabolites in different experimental models is summarised. Knowledge gaps and future research are considered in this key area of dietary (poly)phenol research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Mena
- Department of Food & Drugs, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Mocciaro G, Bresciani L, Tsiountsioura M, Martini D, Mena P, Charron M, Brighenti F, Bentley S, Harvey M, Collins D, Del Rio D, Ray S. Dietary absorption profile, bioavailability of (poly)phenolic compounds, and acute modulation of vascular/endothelial function by hazelnut skin drink. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
|
30
|
Dams S, Holasek S, Tsiountsioura M, Malliga DE, Meier-Allard N, Poncza B, Lackner S, Jansenberger Y, Lamprecht M. An encapsulated fruit, vegetable and berry juice powder concentrate increases plasma values of specific carotenoids and vitamins. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2019; 91:77-86. [PMID: 31726948 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Vitamins and carotenoids are organic compounds that are important for vital functions of the human organism. Since the human body is not able to synthesize most of these micronutrients, they need to be supplied by the intake of food or supplements. The aim of this study was to analyze whether a whole food based, encapsulated fruit, berry, and vegetable juice powder concentrate provides bioavailable carotenoids and vitamins A (all-trans retinol), E and C. Eighteen healthy subjects received 6 capsules a day for 8 weeks, which provided 2.91 mg β-carotene, 490 μg vitamin A, 18.7 mg vitamin E, 159 mg vitamin C, 6.1 mg lutein and 1 mg lycopene. Plasma concentrations of several carotenoids and vitamins before and after supplementation were measured. After 8 weeks of supplementation, the plasma concentration of the following carotenoids increased significantly: α-carotene increased from 59.6 ± 22.4 nmol/L to 85.7 ± 24.2 nmol/L (p = 0.002), β-cryptoxanthin from 106.7 ± 39.8 nmol/L to 151.9 ± 57.9 nmol/L (p = 0.017), and lycopene from 1.2 ± 0.5 μmol/L to 1.7 ± 0.5 μmol/L (p = 0.005). Significant increases were also observed for plasma concentrations of vitamin C from 70 ± 20 μmol/L to 90 ± 10 μmol/L (p < 0.001), all-trans retinol from 1.99 ± 0.24 μmol/L to 2.30 ± 0.66 μmol/L (p = 0.015), and α-tocopherol from 27 ± 6 μmol/L to 32 ± 6 μmol/L (p = 0.008). For those micronutrients with accepted plasma reference ranges, all observed increases levelled off around the upper limit of the individual reference range. The data demonstrate that the investigated supplement is able to increase plasma concentrations of certain carotenoids and vitamins of healthy subjects within 8 weeks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Dams
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Green Beat - Institute of Nutrient Research and Sport Nutrition, Graz, Austria
| | - Sandra Holasek
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Melina Tsiountsioura
- Green Beat - Institute of Nutrient Research and Sport Nutrition, Graz, Austria.,The Juice Plus+® Science Institute, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Daniela-Eugenia Malliga
- Green Beat - Institute of Nutrient Research and Sport Nutrition, Graz, Austria.,Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Nathalie Meier-Allard
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Brigitte Poncza
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sonja Lackner
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Yvonne Jansenberger
- Green Beat - Institute of Nutrient Research and Sport Nutrition, Graz, Austria
| | - Manfred Lamprecht
- Green Beat - Institute of Nutrient Research and Sport Nutrition, Graz, Austria.,The Juice Plus+ Science Institute, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Jiang Q, Zhang H, Yang R, Hui Q, Chen Y, Mats L, Tsao R, Yang C. Red-Osier Dogwood Extracts Prevent Inflammatory Responses in Caco-2 Cells and a Caco-2 BBe1/EA.hy926 Cell Co-Culture Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E428. [PMID: 31557846 PMCID: PMC6827138 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8100428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Red-osier dogwood extracts (RDE) contain high levels of phenolic compounds which have been recognized as natural antioxidants. In this study, the potential of RDE to prevent cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) was evaluated using Caco-2 cells and a co-culture model of Caco-2 BBe1/EA.hy926 cells in Transwell® plates. The results showed that RDE supplementation significantly prevented interleukin-8 (IL-8) production and suppressed the gene expression of IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) in the TNF-α inflamed Caco-2 cells. Meanwhile, the polyphenols (quercetin-3-glucoside, quercetin-glucuronide, rutin, quercetin-3-O-malonylglucoside, and kaempferol-glucoside) in the RDE were validated to be absorbed by Caco-2 BBe1 cells and transported to the basal chamber where EA.hy926 cells were located during 12 h incubation. The transported polyphenols were able to prevent IL-8 production and suppress the gene expression of proinflammatory mediators (TNF-α, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and COX-2) in the TNF-α or oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) treated EA.hy926 cells. These novel findings demonstrated that phenolic compounds in RDE can be transported to the cardiovascular system by intestinal absorption and mitigate the inflammatory responses of vascular endothelial cells, indicating that RDE could be a natural resource of polyphenols to prevent inflammation cytokine or oxidized lipid-induced CVDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Jiang
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.
| | - Hua Zhang
- Food Nutrition and Safety, Department of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China.
- Guelph Research & Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada.
| | - Runqiang Yang
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Qianru Hui
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Yuhuan Chen
- Guelph Research & Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada.
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, University of Nanchang, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Lili Mats
- Guelph Research & Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada.
| | - Rong Tsao
- Guelph Research & Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada.
| | - Chengbo Yang
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Deme P, Narasimhulu CA, Parthasarathy S. Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Herbal Aqueous Extracts and Their Chemical Characterization. J Med Food 2019; 22:861-873. [PMID: 31241395 PMCID: PMC6686693 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant extracts are gaining more attention as therapeutic agents against inflammation. In this study, four different widely used herbals were selected, such as holy basil leaf, sesame seed, long pepper, and cubeb pepper. We have evaluated the anti-inflammatory action of an aqueous extract from these herbs and tested their effects on monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). MDMs were pre-treated with these extracts individually for 2 h, followed by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation for 24 h and pro-inflammatory gene expression was analyzed. Also, we studied the effect of these extracts on the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) by enzymatic (Myeloperoxidase) and non-enzymatic (copper) reactions. All extracts attenuated LPS-induced inflammation and also were able to inhibit the oxidation of LDL. These beneficial actions of extracts led us to identify molecules present in the extracts. A liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometric analysis was performed to identify the chemical composition of extracts. Wide range of molecules were identified across all the extracts, short-chain organic acids, phenolic acids and derivatives, piperine and its structural homologues, eugenol, rosmarinic acid, flavonoids and their glucosides, and others. This study opens a door for future studies on non-pharmacological natural therapeutics that will be useful for consumers and producers, as well as industries utilizing bioactive compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pragney Deme
- College of Medicine, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | | | - Sampath Parthasarathy
- College of Medicine, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Saiwal N, Dahiya M, Dureja H. Nutraceutical Insight into Vegetables and their Potential for Nutrition Mediated Healthcare. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401314666180115151107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background:
The connection between food and good health is not a new concept. Vegetables
are being used as a source of nutrition since long. Dietary active components are essential for the
normal functioning of the human body.
Methods:
The study basically involves all the three categories of research methodologies, including
analytic, descriptive and historical. It involves secondary data from scientific reports, books, and
journals.
Results:
Vegetables can be considered as nutraceuticals since they supply bioactive compounds effective
in decreasing the risk of many diseases. Vegetables are considered to be protective foods since
they contain low calories and higher vitamins and minerals. Vegetables are potentially suitable against
civilization diseases, which are caused by the lack of nutrients such as omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants
(vitamin E, vitamin C, β-carotene, selenium, zinc, cryptoxanthin, lycopene etc), and other micronutrients.
Conclusion:
The presence of bioactive compounds like phytochemicals offers nutraceutical values to
vegetables. Nutraceutical rich vegetables have been established to have a role in gastrointestinal disorders,
cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes and other diseases. Vegetables and fruits not only
have the potential to stop the growth of disease but also can cure many diseases and boost the immune
system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Saiwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak - 124001, India
| | - Mandeep Dahiya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak - 124001, India
| | - Harish Dureja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak - 124001, India
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Mena P, Ludwig IA, Tomatis VB, Acharjee A, Calani L, Rosi A, Brighenti F, Ray S, Griffin JL, Bluck LJ, Del Rio D. Inter-individual variability in the production of flavan-3-ol colonic metabolites: preliminary elucidation of urinary metabotypes. Eur J Nutr 2019; 58:1529-1543. [PMID: 29616322 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1683-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is much information on the bioavailability of (poly)phenolic compounds following acute intake of various foods. However, there are only limited data on the effects of repeated and combined exposure to specific (poly)phenol food sources and the inter-individual variability in their bioavailability. This study evaluated the combined urinary excretion of (poly)phenols from green tea and coffee following daily consumption by healthy subjects in free-living conditions. The inter-individual variability in the production of phenolic metabolites was also investigated. METHODS Eleven participants consumed both tablets of green tea and green coffee bean extracts daily for 8 weeks and 24-h urine was collected on five different occasions. The urinary profile of phenolic metabolites and a set of multivariate statistical tests were used to investigate the putative existence of characteristic metabotypes in the production of flavan-3-ol microbial metabolites. RESULTS (Poly)phenolic compounds in the green tea and green coffee bean extracts were absorbed and excreted after simultaneous consumption, with green tea resulting in more inter-individual variability in urinary excretion of phenolic metabolites. Three metabotypes in the production of flavan-3-ol microbial metabolites were tentatively defined, characterized by the excretion of different amounts of trihydroxyphenyl-γ-valerolactones, dihydroxyphenyl-γ-valerolactones, and hydroxyphenylpropionic acids. CONCLUSIONS The selective production of microbiota-derived metabolites from flavan-3-ols and the putative existence of characteristic metabotypes in their production represent an important development in the study of the bioavailability of plant bioactives. These observations will contribute to better understand the health effects and individual differences associated with consumption of flavan-3-ols, arguably the main class of flavonoids in the human diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Mena
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Medical School Building C, Via Volturno, 39, 43125, Parma, Italy.
| | - Iziar A Ludwig
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Medical School Building C, Via Volturno, 39, 43125, Parma, Italy
- Food Technology Department, Universitat de Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Lleida, Spain
| | - Virginia B Tomatis
- UK Medical Research Council Elsie Widdowson Laboratory (formerly MRC Human Nutrition Research), Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Animesh Acharjee
- UK Medical Research Council Elsie Widdowson Laboratory (formerly MRC Human Nutrition Research), Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Centre for Computational Biology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Luca Calani
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Medical School Building C, Via Volturno, 39, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - Alice Rosi
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Medical School Building C, Via Volturno, 39, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - Furio Brighenti
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Medical School Building C, Via Volturno, 39, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - Sumantra Ray
- UK Medical Research Council Elsie Widdowson Laboratory (formerly MRC Human Nutrition Research), Cambridge, UK
| | - Julian L Griffin
- UK Medical Research Council Elsie Widdowson Laboratory (formerly MRC Human Nutrition Research), Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Les J Bluck
- UK Medical Research Council Elsie Widdowson Laboratory (formerly MRC Human Nutrition Research), Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Medical School Building C, Via Volturno, 39, 43125, Parma, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Grape pomace polyphenols improve insulin response to a standard meal in healthy individuals: A pilot study. Clin Nutr 2018; 38:2727-2734. [PMID: 30573355 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Dietary polyphenols have beneficial effects on glucose/lipid metabolism in subjects at high risk to develop type 2 diabetes; however, the underlying mechanisms are not clear. We aimed to evaluate: 1) the acute effects of the consumption of a drink rich in polyphenols from red grape pomace (RGPD) on glucose/insulin and triglyceride responses to a standard meal in healthy individuals, and, 2) the relationship between plasma levels of phenolic metabolites and metabolic parameters. METHODS Twelve healthy men, aged 20-40 years participated in a randomized, controlled study according to a cross-over design. After a 3-day low-polyphenol diet, all participants consumed, on two different days and separated by a one week interval, after an overnight fast, a drink rich in polyphenols (1.562 g gallic acid equivalents (GAE)) or a control drink (CD, no polyphenols), followed after 3 h by a standard meal (960 kcal, 18% protein, 30% fat, 52% CHO). Blood samples were taken at fasting, 3 h after the drink, over 5 h after the standard meal and at fasting on the next day to measure plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, triglyceride and phenolic metabolites. RESULTS Glycemic and triglyceride post-meal responses were similar after both the RGPD and the control drink. In contrast, postprandial insulin incremental area (iAUC0-5h) was 31% lower (p < 0.05), insulin secretion index was 18% lower (p < 0.016) and insulin sensitivity (SI) index was 36% higher (p = 0.037) after the RGPD compared to CD. Among phenolic metabolites, gallic acid correlated inversely with the insulin response (r = -0.604; p = 0.032) and positively with the SI index (r = 0.588, p = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS RGPD consumption acutely reduced postprandial insulin levels and improved insulin sensitivity. This effect could be likely related to the increase in gallic acid levels. This drink, added to usual diet, could contribute to increase the daily intake of polyphenols, with potential health benefits. CLINICALTRIALS. GOV IDENTIFIER NCT02865278.
Collapse
|
36
|
Diaconeasa Z. Time-Dependent Degradation of Polyphenols from Thermally-Processed Berries and Their In Vitro Antiproliferative Effects against Melanoma. Molecules 2018; 23:E2534. [PMID: 30287788 PMCID: PMC6222797 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are natural occurring micronutrients that can protect plants from natural weathering and are also helpful to humans. These compounds are abundantly found in fruits or berries. Because of berry seasonal availability and also due to their rapid degradation, people have found multiple ways to preserve them. The most common options are freezing or making jams. Polyphenol stability, during processing is a continuous challenge for the food industry. There are also multiple published data providing that they are sensitive to light, pH or high temperature, vectors which are all present during jam preparation. In this context the aim of this study was to assess phytochemical composition and bioactive compounds degradation after jam preparation. We also monitored their degradation during storage time and their in vitro antiproliferative potential when tested on melanoma cells. The obtained results revealed that when processed and stored in time, the bioactive compounds from berries jams are degrading, but they still exert antioxidant and antiproliferative potential. Prior to LC-MS analysis, polyphenolic compounds were identified as: flavonoids (anthocyanins (ANT), flavonols (FLA)) and non-flavonoid (hydroxycinnamic acids (HCA) and hydroxybenzoic acids (HBA)). The most significant decrease was observed for HCA compared to other classes of compounds. This variation is expected due to differences in constituents and phenolic types among different analyzed berries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zorița Diaconeasa
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Martini S, Conte A, Tagliazucchi D. Comprehensive evaluation of phenolic profile in dark chocolate and dark chocolate enriched with Sakura green tea leaves or turmeric powder. Food Res Int 2018; 112:1-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
38
|
Jesus F, Gonçalves AC, Alves G, Silva LR. Exploring the phenolic profile, antioxidant, antidiabetic and anti-hemolytic potential of Prunus avium vegetal parts. Food Res Int 2018; 116:600-610. [PMID: 30716986 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.08.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to evaluate the phenolic profile of leaves, stems and flowers of P. avium and their biological potential. For this purpose, two extracts of each matrix (hydroethanolic and infusion) were prepared. A total of twenty-six phenolics were identified by LC-DAD, including 1 hydroxybenzoic acid, 9 hydroxycinnamic acids, 7 flavonols, 3 isoflavones, 3 flavanones and 3 flavan-3-ols, being the hydroethanolic leaves extract the richest one. 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, hydroxycinnamic derivative 1 and sakuranetin derivative were the major compounds found in leaves, flowers and stems, respectively. The hydroethanolic extracts of stems and leaves proved to be the most active against DPPH• and O2•- (IC50 = 22.37 ± 0.29 μg/mL and IC50 = 9.11 ± 0.16 μg/mL, respectively). On the other hand, the infusion extract of stems showed the highest antioxidant activity against •NO (IC50 = 99.99 ± 1.89 μg/mL). The antidiabetic potential was tested using the α-glucosidase enzyme, being the infusion extract of stems the most active, with an IC50 = 3.18 ± 0.23 μg/mL. Finally, the protective effect of the extracts towards human erythrocytes against oxidative damage was also evaluated. The hydroethanolic extract of stems was the most active against lipid peroxidation and hemolysis with an IC50 = 26.20 ± 0.38 μg/mL and IC50 = 1.58 ± 0.18 μg/mL, respectively. On the other hand, the hydroethanolic extract of flowers showed the greater protective effect against hemoglobin oxidation (IC50 = 12.85 ± 0.61 μg/mL). Considering the results obtained in this work, we can consider that leaves, stems and flowers of P. avium are a promising source of bioactive compounds and present health-promoting properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Jesus
- CICS - UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana C Gonçalves
- CICS - UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Alves
- CICS - UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Luís R Silva
- CICS - UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
De Gregori M, Belfer I, De Giorgio R, Marchesini M, Muscoli C, Rondanelli M, Martini D, Mena P, Arranz LI, Lorente-Cebrián S, Perna S, Villarini A, Salamone M, Allegri M, Schatman ME. Second edition of SIMPAR's "Feed Your Destiny" workshop: the role of lifestyle in improving pain management. J Pain Res 2018; 11:1627-1636. [PMID: 30214272 PMCID: PMC6118253 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s160660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This review is aimed to summarize the latest data regarding pain and nutrition, which have emerged during the second edition of Feed Your Destiny (FYD). Theme presentations and interactive discussions were held at a workshop on March 30, 2017, in Florence, Italy, during the 9th Annual Meeting of Study in Multidisciplinary Pain Research, where an international faculty, including recognized experts in nutrition and pain, reported the scientific evidence on this topic from various perspectives. Presentations were divided into two sections. In the initial sessions, we analyzed the outcome variables and methods of measurement for health claims pertaining to pain proposed under Regulation EC No 1924/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 December 2006 on nutrition and health claims made on foods. Moreover, we evaluated how the Mediterranean diet can have a potential impact on pain, gastrointestinal disorders, obesity, cancer, and aging. Second, we discussed the evidence regarding vitamin D as a nutraceutical that may contribute to pain control, evaluating the interindividual variability of pain nature and nurture, and the role of micro-RNAs (miRNAs), polyunsaturated omega 3 fatty acids, and phenolic compounds, with a final revision of the clinical role of nutrition in tailoring pain therapy. The key take-home message provided by the FYD workshop was that a balanced, personalized nutritional regimen might play a role as a synergic strategy that can improve management of chronic pain through a precision medicine approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela De Gregori
- Pain Therapy Service, Fondazione IRCCS Polclinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy, .,Study in Multidisciplinary Pain Research Group, Parma, Italy, .,Young Against Pain Group, Parma, Italy,
| | - Inna Belfer
- Study in Multidisciplinary Pain Research Group, Parma, Italy, .,Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Roberto De Giorgio
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Nuovo Arcispedale S. Anna, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maurizio Marchesini
- Study in Multidisciplinary Pain Research Group, Parma, Italy, .,Young Against Pain Group, Parma, Italy, .,Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy Service, Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Carolina Muscoli
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Parma, Italy
| | - Mariangela Rondanelli
- Study in Multidisciplinary Pain Research Group, Parma, Italy, .,Department of Public Health, Section of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona di Pavia, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniela Martini
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food & Drugs, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Pedro Mena
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food & Drugs, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Laura Isabel Arranz
- Study in Multidisciplinary Pain Research Group, Parma, Italy, .,Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Lorente-Cebrián
- Study in Multidisciplinary Pain Research Group, Parma, Italy, .,Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Simone Perna
- Department of Public Health, Section of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona di Pavia, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Villarini
- Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Salamone
- Study in Multidisciplinary Pain Research Group, Parma, Italy, .,Science department, Metagenics Italia srl, Milano, Italy.,Società internazionale di Neuropsicocardiologia, Trapani, Italy
| | - Massimo Allegri
- Study in Multidisciplinary Pain Research Group, Parma, Italy, .,Anesthesia and Intensive Care Service - IRCCS MultiMedica Hospital, Sesto San Giovanni, Milano, Italy
| | - Michael E Schatman
- Study in Multidisciplinary Pain Research Group, Parma, Italy, .,Research and Network Development, Boston Pain Care, Waltham, MA, USA.,Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Grosso G. Effects of Polyphenol-Rich Foods on Human Health. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10081089. [PMID: 30110959 PMCID: PMC6115785 DOI: 10.3390/nu10081089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence has suggested that polyphenol-rich foods intake may be associated with decreased risk of chronic diseases. The Special Issue “Effects of Polyphenol-Rich Foods on Human Health” comprised 64 peer-reviewed papers on the most recent evidence regarding the dietary intake of polyphenols and polyphenol-rich foods, as well as their effect toward the prevention and treatment of non-communicable diseases. Original contributions and literature reviews demonstrated the potential protective effects of polyphenol-rich foods and their extracts toward cardiovascular diseases, certain cancers, and neurodegenerative diseases, mostly through anti-oxidant and chemo-preventive properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Grosso
- NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge CB4 0WS, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Castello F, Costabile G, Bresciani L, Tassotti M, Naviglio D, Luongo D, Ciciola P, Vitale M, Vetrani C, Galaverna G, Brighenti F, Giacco R, Del Rio D, Mena P. Bioavailability and pharmacokinetic profile of grape pomace phenolic compounds in humans. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 646:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|