1
|
Khalid N. Impact of carbonated beverages on early onset of osteoporosis: A narrative review. Nutr Health 2024; 30:207-214. [PMID: 37697739 DOI: 10.1177/02601060231201890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Background: Processed and semi-processed foods are getting popular in the diets of the Western population. The Western diet is almost coupled with consuming carbonated beverages, either alcoholic or nonalcoholic. The presence of sugar, caffeine, and alcohol in different carbonated beverages and detrimental dietary patterns are leading causes of obesity, diabetes, and periodontal diseases in the young population. Aims: This article aims to review the impact of carbonated beverages on early onset of osteoporosis. Methods: A nonsystematic literature review searches in PubMed and Google Scholar electronic databases with predefined terms relating to carbonated beverages, caffeine intake, childhood obesity, osteoporosis, and bone softness. Results: Bone diseases significantly increase due to early exposure to caffeine and phosphoric acid in the pubertal period. Musculoskeletal growth is a dynamic and complex process, and bone mass achievement is of great importance in this process. According to the global burden of diseases, bone disorders consist of "6.8% of total disability-adjusted life-years." The consumption of soft drinks and their impact on bone accretion and bone mineral density in the young population is under research in the current literature on osteoporotic disorders. Since bone is a metabolically active tissue, it's in constant reconstruction mode. This process is regulated by genetic, hormonal, nutritional, and physical factors. Any imbalance in one of these processes might lead to mineral deposition and osteoporosis. Conclusion: Habitual intake of carbonated drinks with added sugars and caffeine is associated with increased body weight and bone fragility; stringent regulations are needed for proper education.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nauman Khalid
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
- College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Niu J, Li B, Zhang Q, Chen G, Papadaki A. Exploring the traditional Chinese diet and its association with health status-a systematic review. Nutr Rev 2024:nuae013. [PMID: 38452296 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Increased adherence to a traditional Chinese diet (TCD) could reduce the increasing prevalence of noncommunicable diseases. Currently, there is no consistent definition of the TCD in the literature, and its associations with health outcomes have not yet been identified. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aimed to assess the definition of the TCD, in the literature, and to evaluate whether the TCD, as described, is associated with health outcomes. DATA SOURCES Fourteen databases were searched up to April 25, 2022. DATA EXTRACTION Three reviewers (in pairs) independently screened and extracted data. A modified risk-of-bias tool was used to assess the quality of the studies assessing the TCD definition; the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias tool were used to assess the quality of the observational studies and randomized controlled trials assessing associations between the TCD and health outcomes. DATA ANALYSIS Ninety-nine studies were identified that assessed the TCD definition. In at least 75% of the studies, rice and leafy vegetables were consistently reported as food groups that characterize the TCD; the most frequently cited food items were white rice, spinach, bokchoy, and cabbage. Fish and seafood, pork, and pork products were consistently reported in studies exclusively referring to the TCD consumed in southern China (n = 21 studies), whereas wheat and wheat products were commonly reported in studies focusing on northern China (n = 14 studies). Fifteen studies reported on the quantities of food groups that are characteristic of the TCD, but their findings were inconsistent. Of the 99 studies, 54 assessed associations with health outcomes. The TCD was overall inversely associated with obesity risk and weight gain, while relationships between the TCD and other health outcomes were inconsistent. CONCLUSION Further studies are needed to determine the quantities of foods consumed in the TCD and to establish a consistent definition for further exploration of the TCD's potential role in preventing non-communicable diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jizhao Niu
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Bai Li
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Qing Zhang
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ge Chen
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Angeliki Papadaki
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Grili PPDF, Vidigal CV, Cruz GFD, Albergaria BH, Marques-Rocha JL, Pereira TSS, Guandalini VR. Nutrient Patterns and Risk of Osteopenia in Postmenopausal Women. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071670. [PMID: 37049510 PMCID: PMC10096860 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrient patterns (NPs) and the synergistic effect between nutrients have been shown to be associated with changes in bone mineral density (BMD). This study aimed to identify NPs and to associate them with BMD categories in postmenopausal women. This cross-sectional, observational, analytical study was carried out with women in menopause for at least 12 months, aged ≥50 years. Sociodemographic, lifestyle, and clinical variables were investigated. BMD was assessed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. A dietary assessment was conducted using a food frequency questionnaire, and three nutrient patterns (NP1, NP2, and NP3) were extracted from the principal component analysis. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to investigate the association between BMD classifications and NP consumption. A total of 124 women, aged on average, 66.8 ± 6.1 years, were evaluated. Of these, 41.9% had osteopenia and 36.3% had osteoporosis. The NP1 (OR: 6.64, [CI95%: 1.56-28.16]; p = 0.010), characterized by vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, phosphorus, riboflavin, protein (total and animal), vitamin B6, potassium, vitamin D, vitamin E, calcium, cholesterol, β-carotene, omega 3, magnesium, zinc, niacin, and selenium; and the NP2 (OR: 5.03, [CI95%: 1.25-20.32]; p = 0.023), characterized by iron, vegetable protein, thiamine, folate, fibers (soluble and insoluble), PUFA, vitamin A, vitamin K, alpha-tocopherol, copper, sodium, and retinol, was inversely associated with osteopenia. The lower consumption of NP1 and NP2 by postmenopausal women was associated with a higher risk of osteopenia, but not osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Paula da Fonseca Grili
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória 29047-105, Brazil
| | - Camila Vilarinho Vidigal
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória 29047-105, Brazil
| | - Geise Ferreira da Cruz
- Department of Integrated Education, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória 29047-105, Brazil
| | - Ben-Hur Albergaria
- Department of Social Medicine, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória 29047-105, Brazil
| | - José Luiz Marques-Rocha
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória 29047-105, Brazil
- Department of Integrated Education, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória 29047-105, Brazil
| | | | - Valdete Regina Guandalini
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória 29047-105, Brazil
- Department of Integrated Education, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória 29047-105, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yang Y, Yuan S, Liu Q, Li F, Dong Y, Dong B, Zou Z, Ma J, Baker JS, Li X, Liang W. Meeting 24-Hour Movement and Dietary Guidelines: Prevalence, Correlates and Association with Weight Status among Children and Adolescents: A National Cross-Sectional Study in China. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142822. [PMID: 35889779 PMCID: PMC9317649 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
China is confronted with a “double burden” of underweight and overweight/obesity in children and adolescents. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and correlates of meeting 24 h movement and dietary guidelines among Chinese children and adolescents. Further, the study aimed to examine the association of meeting 24 h movement and dietary guidelines with weight status in Chinese children and adolescents. A total of 34,887 Chinese children and adolescents were involved. Only 2.1% of participants met the 24 h movement guidelines. Compared to those who met all three 24 h movement guidelines, those who only met the sleep duration guideline was significantly associated with a higher risk of underweight (p < 0.05), and those who only met the moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, or screen time guidelines were significantly associated with a higher risk of overweight/obesity (p < 0.05). Compared with those meeting the dietary guidelines, those who did not meet the soft drink intake guideline had a significantly lower risk of underweight (p < 0.05), those who did not meet the fruit intake guideline had a significantly lower risk of overweight/obesity (p < 0.05), and those who did not meet the milk intake guideline showed a significantly higher risk of overweight/obesity (p < 0.001). These findings indicate a significant association between meeting the 24 h movement and dietary guidelines and weight status among Chinese children and adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yide Yang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, China; (Y.Y.); (S.Y.); (Q.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, China
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (B.D.); (Z.Z.); (J.M.)
| | - Shuqian Yuan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, China; (Y.Y.); (S.Y.); (Q.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, China; (Y.Y.); (S.Y.); (Q.L.)
| | - Feifei Li
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; (F.L.); (J.S.B.)
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yanhui Dong
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (B.D.); (Z.Z.); (J.M.)
- Correspondence: (Y.D.); (X.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Bin Dong
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (B.D.); (Z.Z.); (J.M.)
| | - Zhiyong Zou
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (B.D.); (Z.Z.); (J.M.)
| | - Jun Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (B.D.); (Z.Z.); (J.M.)
| | - Julien S. Baker
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; (F.L.); (J.S.B.)
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xianxiong Li
- School of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Correspondence: (Y.D.); (X.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Wei Liang
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; (F.L.); (J.S.B.)
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence: (Y.D.); (X.L.); (W.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Framework of Methodology to Assess the Link between A Posteriori Dietary Patterns and Nutritional Adequacy: Application to Pregnancy. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12050395. [PMID: 35629899 PMCID: PMC9148035 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12050395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the nutritional profile of 608 women during the second trimester of pregnancy, in terms of nutrient patterns, dietary quality and nutritional adequacy. Dietary data were collected using a validated Mediterranean-oriented, culture-specific FFQ. Principal component analysis was performed on 18 energy-adjusted nutrients. Two main nutrient patterns, “plant-origin” (PLO) and “animal-origin” (ANO), were extracted. Six homogenous clusters (C) relative to nutrient patterns were obtained and analyzed through a multidimensional methodological approach. C1, C5 and C6 scored positively on PLO, while C1, C2 and C3 scored positively on ANO. When dietary quality was mapped on food choices and dietary indexes, C6 unveiled a group with a distinct image resembling the Mediterranean-type diet (MedDiet Score = 33.8). Although C1–C5 shared common dietary characteristics, their diet quality differed as reflected in the HEI-2010 (C1:79.7; C2:73.3; C3:70.9; C4:63.2; C5:76.6). The appraisal of nutritional adequacy mirrored a “nutritional-quality gradient”. A total of 50% of participants in C6 had almost 100% adequate magnesium intake, while 50% of participants in C4 had a probability of adequacy of ≤10%. Our methodological framework is efficient for assessing the link between a posteriori dietary patterns and nutritional adequacy during pregnancy. Given that macro- and micronutrient distributions may induce metabolic modifications of potential relevance to offspring’s health, public health strategies should be implemented.
Collapse
|
6
|
Shi Z, Shi X, Yan AF. Exposure to Chinese Famine during Early Life Increases the Risk of Fracture during Adulthood. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14051060. [PMID: 35268035 PMCID: PMC8912709 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study focused on identifying whether exposure to the Chinese Great Famine (1959–1961) in early life amplified the potential for fractures in adulthood. The survey was conducted using data from the 1997–2015 China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS)—5235 adults born between 1954 and 1964 were selected as the sample size. Fracture was defined based on self-report. Those born from 1962–1964 were treated as non-exposure group. Those with exposure to famine were divided into four subgroups: Fetal, early childhood, mid-childhood, and late childhood cohorts. The association between the groups and fracture was determined using Cox regression. In follow-up data (mean of 11 years), fractures were identified in 418 of the participants. The incidence of fracture was 8.7 in late childhood, 8.1 in mid-childhood, 8.3 in early childhood, 7.0 in fetal, and 5.4 in non-exposed cohorts per 1000 person-year. Compared with the non-exposed group, the famine-exposed groups had an increased risk of developing fracture in adulthood with hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CI of 1.29 (0.90–1.85), 1.48 (1.08–2.03), 1.45 (1.02–2.06), and 1.54 (1.08–2.20), respectively. The positive link of famine exposure to risk of fracture occurred primarily in those participants with a modern diet who lived in urban areas. In conclusion, the risk of fracture in Chinese adults is associated with famine exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zumin Shi
- Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +974-4403-6037
| | - Xinyu Shi
- Transformation & Operation, Deloitte, Canberra, ACT 2609, Australia;
| | - Alice F. Yan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, Center for Advancing Population Science, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
SEGHETO KJ, SILVA DCGD, FERREIRA FG, JORGE ELGDM, PEREIRA DLM, LONGO GZ. Association between bone mineral content and dietary patterns among Brazilian adults from Viçosa, Minas Gerais: a population-based study. REV NUTR 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-9865202235e210154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective The aim of the study was to investigate if there is an association between dietary patterns and bone mineral content among Brazilian adults. Methods This is a cross-sectional, population-based study. Bone health was assessed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. The dietary pattern was obtained using a food frequency questionnaire. An exploratory factor analysis obtained the dietary patterns. Linear regression was used for the multivariate analysis. The research was conducted with adult individuals (20-59 years old) of both sexes residing in the city of Viçosa, MG, Brazil (n=572). Results Two distinct dietary patterns were identified: a “meats and alcoholic drinks” pattern, composed of condiments, alcoholic drinks, dough-based foods, and savory snacks; and a “local traditional” pattern, composed of eggs, beans, trooper’s beans, margarine, butter, olive oil, coffee and tea, cereals, and tubers (factor loadings ≥0.20). Having verified the associations considering the confounding factors, we identified that the bone mineral content for males was positively associated with the “local traditional” dietary pattern (β=0.058; 95% CI: 0.003–0.112; p=0.036), and for females an inverse association with the “meats and alcoholic drinks” pattern was found (β=-0.057; 95% CI: -0.110 -0.003; p=0.037). Conclusion We identified a positive association between the local traditional dietary pattern and bone health.
Collapse
|
8
|
Ru Y, Wang N, Min Y, Wang X, McGurie V, Duan M, Xu X, Zhao X, Wu YH, Lu Y, Hsing AW, Zhu S. Characterization of dietary patterns and assessment of their relationships with metabolomic profiles: A community-based study. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:3531-3541. [PMID: 33349486 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Determining dietary patterns in China is challenging due to lack of external validation and objective measurements. We aimed to characterize dietary patterns in a community-based population and to validate these patterns using external validation cohort and metabolomic profiles. DESIGN We studied 5145 participants, aged 18-80 years, from two districts of Hangzhou, China. We used one district as the discovery cohort (N = 2521) and the other as the external validation cohort (N = 2624). We identified dietary patterns using a k-means clustering. Associations between dietary patterns and metabolic conditions were analyzed using adjusted logistic models. We assessed relationships between metabolomic profile and dietary patterns in 214 participants with metabolomics data. RESULTS We identified three dietary patterns: the traditional (rice-based), the mixed (rich in dairy products, eggs, nuts, etc.), and the high-alcohol diets. Relative to the traditional diet, the mixed (ORadj = 1.7, CI 1.3-2.4) and the high-alcohol diets (ORadj = 1.9, CI 1.3-2.7) were associated with type 2 diabetes and hypertension, respectively. Similar results were confirmed in the external validation cohort. In addition, we also identified 18 and 22 metabolites that could distinguish the mixed (error rate = 12%; AUC = 96%) and traditional diets (error rate = 19%; AUC = 88%) from the high-alcohol diet. CONCLUSIONS Despite the complexity of Chinese diet, identifying dietary patterns helps distinguish groups of individuals with high risk of metabolic diseases, which can also be validated by external population and metabolomic profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ru
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Ninglin Wang
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Yan Min
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Xuemiao Wang
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Valerie McGurie
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Meng Duan
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Xiaochen Xu
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Xueyin Zhao
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Yi-Hsuan Wu
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA; Stanford Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ann W Hsing
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA; Stanford Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Shankuan Zhu
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Warensjö Lemming E, Byberg L. Is a Healthy Diet Also Suitable for the Prevention of Fragility Fractures? Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092642. [PMID: 32872582 PMCID: PMC7551566 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis and sarcopenia contribute to the risk of fracture in the population. These conditions share common features, and it is known that a healthy diet may have beneficial effects on both, theoretically resulting in fewer fractures. The present narrative review gives an overview of recent epidemiological research related to the association between healthy diets/dietary patterns, bone health and fragility fractures. The review also gives a brief overview on general dietary recommendations and advice as the cornerstone of public health nutrition. Although muscle health and sarcopenia contribute to the risk of fractures, these endpoints were not the focus of this review. Healthy diets are nutrient dense and contain bioactive components that are needed for the constant remodeling of the skeleton and to slow the rate of bone loss and muscle wasting, thus contributing to the prevention of fragility fractures. Compliance with healthy dietary patterns were predominantly found to be inversely associated with bone outcomes, although this was not entirely consistent across all studies. Different a priori diet scores, such as the Mediterranean diet score and the Dietary Inflammatory Index, as well as a posteriori data driven dietary patterns, such as the prudent or healthy dietary pattern, were inversely associated with fragility fractures in different populations. In conclusion, different healthy dietary patterns may contribute to bone health and less fractures. Following current dietary guidelines is thus advisable for the prevention of fragility fractures.
Collapse
|
10
|
Yarizadeh H, Setayesh L, Roberts C, Yekaninejad MS, Mirzaei K. Nutrient pattern of unsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E increase resting metabolic rate of overweight and obese women. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2020; 92:214-222. [PMID: 32672509 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Obesity plays an important role in the development of chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease and diabetes. A low resting metabolic rate (RMR) for a given body size and composition is a risk factor for obesity, however, there is limited evidence available regarding the association of nutrient patterns and RMR. The aim of this study was to determine the association of nutrient patterns and RMR in overweight and obese women. Study design: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 360 women who were overweight or obese. Method: Dietary intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative standard food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Nutrient patterns were also extracted by principal components analysis (PCA). All participants were evaluated for their body composition, RMR, and blood parameters. Result: Three nutrient patterns explaining 64% of the variance in dietary nutrients consumption were identified as B-complex-mineral, antioxidant, and unsaturated fatty acid and vitamin E (USFA-vit E) respectively. Participants were categorized into two groups based on the nutrient patterns. High scores of USFA-vit E pattern was significantly associated with the increase of RMR (β = 0.13, 95% CI = 0.79 to 68.16, p = 0.04). No significant associations were found among B-complex-mineral pattern (β = -0.00, 95% CI = -49.67 to 46.03, p = 0.94) and antioxidant pattern (β = 0.03, 95% CI -41.42 to 22.59, p = 0.56) with RMR. Conclusion: Our results suggested that the "USFA-vit E" pattern (such as PUFA, oleic, linoleic, vit.E, α-tocopherol and EPA) was associated with increased RMR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Habib Yarizadeh
- Students' Scientific Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 1417755331, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Setayesh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Caroline Roberts
- Department of Nutritional Sciences School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Kings College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building room 4.108
| | - Mir Saeed Yekaninejad
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Medical Sciences/University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shakya PR, Melaku YA, Page AJ, Gill TK. Nutrient patterns and depressive symptoms among Australian adults. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:329-343. [PMID: 32328747 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02243-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Much of the current literature on the associations between diet and depression focus on single nutrients rather than nutrient patterns (NPs). We investigated the association between NPs and depressive symptoms (DepS) in an Australian adult population. METHODS DepS were examined at two different time points, in 2010 (Stage 3, n = 1743, 49.0% males) and 2015 [North West 2015 (NW15), n = 1,024, 46.6% males] of the North West Adelaide Health Study (NWAHS). Dietary habits were evaluated using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) at Stage 3. DepS were assessed using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) scale at Stage 3 and NW15. Principal component analysis was used to identify NPs as well as the factor structure of the CES-D. Log- and negative binomial regression analyses were used to assess the association between NPs and DepS scores. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was undertaken between the NPs and identified factors of the CES-D score. RESULTS Three NPs (from the FFQ) and two-factors (from the CES-D score) were obtained. After adjusting for known confounding variables, a 'plant-sourced' NP (β-carotene, fibre, vitamin C, potassium and α-carotene) was inversely associated with DepS at Stage 3 [prevalence ratio (PR)Q4VsQ1, 0.78; 95% CI 0.66-0.92; p = 0.003], whereas an 'animal-sourced' (ω-3 fatty acid, monounsaturated fat, vitamin E and cholesterol) or 'mixed-source' (phosphorous, protein, vitamin B2, iodine and zinc) NP was not associated with DepS. There was an inverse relationship between the 'plant-sourced' NP and the '(absence of) positive-affect' factor from the CES-D in both stages. CONCLUSION The 'plant-sourced' NP is consistently and inversely associated with DepS; however, longitudinal studies are recommended to confirm these results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prem R Shakya
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, SA, Australia.,Diabetes, Nutrition and Gut Health, Lifelong Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, 5005, SA, Australia
| | - Yohannes A Melaku
- Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, 5042, SA, Australia
| | - Amanda J Page
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, SA, Australia.,Diabetes, Nutrition and Gut Health, Lifelong Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, 5005, SA, Australia
| | - Tiffany K Gill
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, SA, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chen L, Liu R, Zhao Y, Shi Z. High Consumption of Soft Drinks Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Fracture: A 7-Year Follow-Up Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:E530. [PMID: 32092922 PMCID: PMC7071508 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Fracture causes a substantial burden to society globally. Some studies have found that soft drinks consumption was associated with the risk of fractures. We aimed to assess the association in the Chinese population; (2) Methods: Data from 17,383 adults aged 20 to 75 years old attending the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) between 2004 and 2011 were analyzed. Soft drinks consumption and fracture occurrence were self-reported. The cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between soft drink and fracture was assessed using multivariable mixed-effect logistic regression and Cox regression; (3) Results: After adjusting for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors and dietary patterns, compared with those who did not consume soft drinks, participants with daily consumption of soft drinks had an odds ratio (95%CI) of 2.72 (95%CI: 1.45-5.09) for fracture. During a mean 5-year follow-up, there were 569 incident fracture cases. Compared with non-consumers, those with daily soft drinks consumption had a hazard ratio (95%CI) of 4.69 (95%CI: 2.80-7.88) for incident fracture; (4) Conclusions: Soft drinks consumption is directly associated with the risk of fracture. Reducing soft drinks consumption should be considered as an important strategy for individual and population levels to maintain bone health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (L.C.); (R.L.)
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- The Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Nutrition and Health, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ruiyi Liu
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (L.C.); (R.L.)
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- The Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Nutrition and Health, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (L.C.); (R.L.)
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- The Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Nutrition and Health, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zumin Shi
- Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Science, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar;
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang J, Tan S, Zhao A, Wang M, Wang P, Zhang Y. Association between nutrient patterns and serum lipids in Chinese adult women: A cross-sectional study. Nutr Diet 2019; 76:184-191. [PMID: 30338924 PMCID: PMC7380030 DOI: 10.1111/1747-0080.12480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the association between patterns of nutrient intake and serum lipids in Chinese women aged 18-80 years. METHODS In the present study, cross-sectional data were analysed from 2886 female participants aged 18-80 years from the China Health and Nutrition Survey wave 2009. Nutrient patterns were identified using factor analysis combined with cluster analysis based on the data of nutrient intake for three consecutive days. Multivariate linear regression models were used to estimate the association of nutrient patterns with serum lipids. RESULTS Four nutrient patterns were identified in Chinese adult women, which were the plant-based pattern, carbohydrate and animal fat pattern, plant fat and sodium pattern, and the animal-based pattern. Participants following different patterns varied significantly in sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle behaviours and food consumption. Compared with the plant-based pattern, the carbohydrate and animal fat pattern was positively associated with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (β = 4.57, 95% CI: 0.29-8.85, P = 0.036) and total cholesterol (β = 4.89, 95% CI: 0.34-9.44, P = 0.035). The corresponding rises for the animal-based pattern were 4.91 (95% CI: 0.99-8.82, P = 0.014) and 4.98 (95% CI: 0.82-9.15, P = 0.019), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Nutrient patterns with a high intake of animal fat and a low intake dietary fibre and with high intakes of animal fat, animal protein and cholesterol may increase the serum cholesterol in Chinese women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Shengjie Tan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Ai Zhao
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Meichen Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Peiyu Wang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yumei Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fabiani R, Naldini G, Chiavarini M. Dietary Patterns in Relation to Low Bone Mineral Density and Fracture Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Adv Nutr 2019; 10:219-236. [PMID: 30657847 PMCID: PMC6416046 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Low bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoporosis-related fractures constitute a considerable public health burden. Several studies have demonstrated the association between diet and bone health. We performed a systematic review to provide an estimate of the association between different dietary patterns defined through the use of a posteriori methods and fracture or low BMD risk. A literature search on PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, up to March 2018, was performed to identify all eligible case-control, prospective, or cross-sectional studies involving subjects of both sexes and any age. Random-effects models were used. Heterogeneity and publication bias were evaluated. Stratified analyses were conducted on study characteristics. The meta-analysis includes 20 studies and identifies 3 prevalent dietary patterns: "Healthy," "Milk/dairy," and "Meat/Western." From the 10 studies on fracture, adherence to the "Healthy" pattern reduced the risk, particularly in older people (OR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.66, 0.95; P = 0.011) and in Eastern countries (OR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.43, 0.97; P = 0.037), whereas the risk increased with the "Meat/Western" pattern, especially for older people (OR: 1.11; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.18, P = 0.001), in those with hip fractures (OR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.25; P = 0.002), and in Western countries (OR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.14; P < 0.0001). Analyses on low BMD showed a reduced risk in the "Healthy" pattern, particularly for younger people (OR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.44, 0.89; P = 0.009). The "Meat/Western" pattern increased low BMD risk, especially in older people (OR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.64; P = 0.015). The "Milk/dairy" pattern resulted in the strongest reduction in low BMD risk; when stratifying, this effect remained significant (e.g., older women-OR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.46, 0.70; P < 0.0001). Nutrition is an important modifiable factor affecting bone health. The "Healthy" and "Milk/dairy" patterns are associated with a reduced risk of low BMD and fracture. In contrast, the "Western" pattern is inversely associated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Giulia Naldini
- School of Specialization in Hygiene and Preventive Medicine
| | - Manuela Chiavarini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Public Heath, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abizari AR, Ali Z. Dietary patterns and associated factors of schooling Ghanaian adolescents. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2019; 38:5. [PMID: 30728067 PMCID: PMC6364425 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-019-0162-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessment of single nutrients or foods does not normally reflect the diet of population groups. Dietary pattern analyses are useful in understanding the overall diet and its relationship with disease conditions. The objective of the present study was to determine the dietary patterns and associated factors among schooling adolescents in Northern Ghana. METHODS A cross-sectional study involving 366 pupils in 10 junior high schools in the Tamale metropolis was conducted. A Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) which consisted of 60 commonly consumed foods was used to assess pupils' 7-day intake. Foods grouped (14) from FFQ data based on shared nutritional value were used to identify dietary patterns using principal component analysis (PCA). Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine the association between identified patterns and sociodemographic, anthropometric status, and household characteristics of pupils. RESULTS Half of the pupils were female (50.3%) and average age was 15.6 ± 2.0 years. PCA identified two dietary patterns which in total explained 49.7% of the variability of the diet of pupils. The patterns were sweet tooth pattern (STP) with high factor loadings for sugar sweetened snacks, energy and soft drinks, sweets, tea and coffee, and milk and milk products, and a traditional pattern (TP) which showed high factor loadings for cereals and grains, local beverages, nuts, seeds and legumes, vegetables, and fish and seafood. Logistic regression showed that pupils who lived with their parents [AOR = 1.95; 95% CI (1.1-3.4); p = 0.019], those who went to school with pocket money [AOR = 4.73; 95% CI (1.5-15.0); p = 0.008], and those who lived in the wealthiest homes [AOR = 3.4; 95% CI (1.6-7.5); p = 0.002)] had higher odds of following the STP. The TP was associated with high dietary diversity (p = 0.035) and household wealth [AOR = 3.518; 95% CI (1.763-7.017); p < 0.001)]. None of the patterns was associated with anthropometric status of pupils. CONCLUSION Adolescents in the present study followed a sweet tooth or a traditional diet pattern which associated more with household- and individual-level factors but not anthropometric status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul-Razak Abizari
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, P O Box 1883, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Zakari Ali
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, P O Box 1883, Tamale, Ghana
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gao M, Wang F, Shen Y, Zhu X, Zhang X, Sun X. Trajectories of Mediterranean Diet Adherence and Risk of Hypertension in China: Results from the CHNS Study, 1997⁻2011. Nutrients 2018; 10:E2014. [PMID: 30572651 PMCID: PMC6315578 DOI: 10.3390/nu10122014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence indicates that longitudinal changes in dietary patterns may predict variations in blood pressure (BP) and risk of incident hypertension. We aimed to identify distinct trajectories in the levels of Mediterranean diet adherence (MDA) in China and explore their association with BP levels and hypertension risk using the China Health and Nutrition Survey 1997⁻2011 data. Three levels of MDA were constructed. The trajectories in these levels were constructed using group-based trajectory modeling. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to measure the association between MDA trajectory groups and the risk of incident hypertension after adjusting for covariates. Finally, 6586 individuals were included. Six distinct MDA trajectory groups were identified: persistently low and gradual decline; rapidly increasing and stabilized; persistently moderate; slightly increasing, steady, and acutely descending; slightly decreasing and acutely elevated; and persistently high. The systolic BP and diastolic BP were significantly lower in trajectory groups with rapidly increasing and stabilized MDA; slightly increasing, steady, and acutely descending MDA; and persistently high MDA. Cox regression analysis showed that the risks of developing hypertension were relatively lower in the group with slightly increasing, steady, and acutely descending MDA (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.17, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.09⁻0.32) and the group with rapidly increasing and stabilized MDA (HR = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.23⁻0.42), but the risk was the highest in the trajectory with persistently moderate MDA (HR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.84⁻1.08). In conclusion, MDA in China was categorized into six distinct trajectory groups. BP was relatively lower in trajectory groups with initially high or increasing MDA levels. Greater MDA was significantly associated with a lower risk of developing hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Gao
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Fengbin Wang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Ying Shen
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Xiaorou Zhu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Xinying Sun
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhen S, Ma Y, Zhao Z, Yang X, Wen D. Dietary pattern is associated with obesity in Chinese children and adolescents: data from China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). Nutr J 2018; 17:68. [PMID: 29996840 PMCID: PMC6042200 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-018-0372-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Associations of dietary patterns in Chinese adolescents and children with later obesity have not previously been investigated. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the associations between dietary patterns and the risk of obesity in Chinese adolescents and children by using a longitudinal design. METHODS Data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), a nationally representative survey, were used for our analysis. 489 participants 6-14 years of age were followed from 2006 to 2011. Factor analysis was used to identify the dietary patterns in Chinese adolescents and children. Ordered logistic regression models were used to examine the association between dietary patterns and later obesity. RESULTS Two dietary patterns were revealed by factor analysis, the traditional Chinese dietary pattern (with high intake of rice, vegetables, poultry, pork and fish and the modern dietary pattern (with high intake of wheat, processed meat and fast food). Children in the highest quartile and the second-highest quartile of the traditional Chinese dietary pattern was inversely associated with later obesity compared with children in the lowest quartile over 5 years (OR = 0.19, 95%CI: 0.09, 0.40 for Q4; OR = 0.47, 95%CI: 0.33, 0.67 for Q3); Children in the highest quartile of the modern dietary pattern was positively associated with later obesity compared with children in the lowest quartile over 5 years (OR = 2.02, 95%CI: 1.17, 3.48). CONCLUSIONS Dietary patterns in Chinese adolescents and children are associated with later obesity. These findings further confirm the importance of children's dietary patterns in later obesity and lay groundwork for dietary culture-specific interventions targeted at reducing rates of obesity in children and adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shihan Zhen
- China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province China
| | - Yanan Ma
- China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province China
| | - Zhongyi Zhao
- China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province China
| | - Xuelian Yang
- China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province China
| | - Deliang Wen
- China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province China
| |
Collapse
|