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Zhang M, Lang Y, Li W. Molecular Research on Coronavirus: Pathogenic Mechanisms, Antiviral Drugs, and New Vaccines. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6172. [PMID: 38892360 PMCID: PMC11172621 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the COVID-19 outbreak in 2019, five coronaviruses have been found to infect humans, including SARS-CoV (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus) [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjia Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Yifei Lang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Wentao Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
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Siddiqui R, Khodja A, Ibrahim T, Khamis M, Anwar A, Khan NA. The increasing importance of novel deep eutectic solvents as potential effective antimicrobials and other medicinal properties. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:330. [PMID: 37792153 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03760-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
With the rise of antibiotic resistance globally, coupled with evolving and emerging infectious diseases, there is an urgent need for the development of novel antimicrobials. Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are a new generation of eutectic mixtures that depict promising attributes with several biological implications. DES exhibit unique properties such as low toxicity, biodegradability, and high thermal stability. Herein, the antimicrobial properties of DES and their mechanisms of action against a range of microorganisms, including bacteria, amoebae, fungi, viruses, and anti-cancer properties are reviewed. Overall, DES represent a promising class of novel antimicrobial agents as well as possessing other important biological attributes, however, future studies on DES are needed to investigate their underlying antimicrobial mechanism, as well as their in vivo effects, for use in the clinic and public at large.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui
- Microbiota Research Center, Istinye University, 34010, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdelhamid Khodja
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Taleb Ibrahim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mustafa Khamis
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ayaz Anwar
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Naveed Ahmed Khan
- Microbiota Research Center, Istinye University, 34010, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Alharbi AM. Coronavirus and co-infections: A Saudi Arabian perspective. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103739. [PMID: 37520787 PMCID: PMC10382925 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mortality due to infectious diseases continues to rise globally, despite advances in antimicrobial therapy and supportive care. This is evident with the occurrence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, instigated by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Saudi Arabia, an eminent country within the Arab region, has had significant impact during global pandemics, concomitant with the fact that millions of Muslims travel to Saudi Arabia for pilgrimages every year. Herein, we discuss the significance of SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, as well as the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in Saudi Arabia with particular reference to global transmission and/or emergence of new variants due to genetic mixing of different strains. Furthermore, we also discuss the role of Saudi Arabia with reference to novel emerging infectious diseases and re-emerging infections, such as Ebola, zika, and monkeypox, as well as in the context on coinfections. Future strategies to limit the spread of viral infections and the pivotal role of Saudi Arabia, are deliberated upon.
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Iliopoulos ID, Lianou I, Kaspiris A, Ntourantonis D, Arachoviti C, Zafeiris CP, Lambrou GI, Chronopoulos E. Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Fragility Fractures of the Hip: An Interrupted Time-Series Analysis of the Lockdown Periods in Western Greece and Review of the Literature. Geriatrics (Basel) 2023; 8:72. [PMID: 37489320 PMCID: PMC10366837 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics8040072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Since December 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on healthcare systems worldwide, prompting policymakers to implement measures of isolation and eventually adopt strict national lockdowns, which affected mobility, healthcare-seeking behavior, and services, in an unprecedented manner. This study aimed to analyze the effects of these lockdowns on hip-fracture epidemiology and care services, compared to nonpandemic periods in previous years. We retrospectively collected data from electronic patient records of two major hospitals in Western Greece and included patients who suffered a fragility hip fracture and were admitted during the two 5-week lockdown periods in 2020, compared to time-matched patients from 2017-2019. The results showed a drop in hip-fracture incidence, which varied among hospitals and lockdown periods, and conflicting impacts on time to surgery, time to discharge after surgery, and total hospitalization time. The study also found that differences between the two differently organized units were exaggerated during the COVID-19 lockdown periods, highlighting the impact of compliance with social-distancing measures and the reallocation of resources on the quality of healthcare services. Further research is needed to fully understand the specific variations and patterns of geriatric hip-fracture care during emergency health crises characterized by limited resources and behavioral changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias D Iliopoulos
- Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Lianou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, "Rion" University Hospital and Medical School, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Angelos Kaspiris
- Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Ntourantonis
- Accident and Emergency Department, "Rion" University Hospital and Medical School, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Christine Arachoviti
- Orthopedics Department, General Hospital of Patras "Agios Andreas", 26332 Patras, Greece
| | - Christos P Zafeiris
- Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece
| | - George I Lambrou
- Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece
- Choremeio Research Laboratory, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathios Chronopoulos
- Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece
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The Effect of Dexamethasone Treatment on COVID-19 Prognosis in Cancer Patients. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10111798. [PMID: 36366306 PMCID: PMC9692442 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dexamethasone is used to treat cancer, relieve chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, enhance cancer patients’ appetites, and treat COVID-19 patients. There is little evidence of the impact of a dexamethasone treatment plan on the severity of COVID-19 infections in cancer patients. This study explores whether dexamethasone treatment plan influences the severity of COVID-19 in dexamethasone-treated cancer patients. Methods: The medical records of 108 cancer patients receiving dexamethasone at King Hussein Cancer Center with a COVID-19 infection and 343 without corticosteroid treatment were reviewed. Patients on dexamethasone within seven days before infection, after infection, or both were included. Ventilation support, hospitalization, and mortality within 28 days of a COVID-19 diagnosis were key severity factors. Results: We found that dexamethasone before a COVID-19 infection increased the risk of requiring ventilation assistance and mortality within 28 days by a factor of 5.8 (2.8−12.0) relative to control (p < 0.005). Continuing dexamethasone treatment after a COVID-19 infection, or starting it after infection, had a risk factor equivalent to control. Conclusion: Our data showed that dexamethasone therapy protocol affected COVID-19 prognoses in cancer patients, and it is preferable to not discontinue therapy after infection. A rigorous prospective comparison between early and late dexamethasone dosing is needed to determine the best protocol for treatment.
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Gill R, Siau E. Colitis After SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Cureus 2022; 14:e26532. [PMID: 35928392 PMCID: PMC9345497 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.26532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Muhammad JS, Siddiqui R, Khan NA. COVID-19 and alcohol use disorder: putative differential gene expression patterns that might be associated with neurological complications. Hosp Pract (1995) 2022; 50:189-195. [PMID: 35686663 DOI: 10.1080/21548331.2022.2088183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several lines of evidence suggest that SARS-CoV-2 invasion of the central nervous system leads to meningitis and encephalopathy syndromes. Additionally, chronic alcoholics were found to be at a higher risk of developing mental health problems and serious neurological manifestations, if exposed to SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS Herein, we studied RNA seq data from alcoholics' brain tissue and COVID-19 patient's brain tissue to identify the common differentially expressed genes. RESULTS Overlap analysis depicted the expression of seven genes (GHRL, SLN, VGF, IL1RL1, NPTX2, PDYN, and RPRML) that were significantly upregulated in both groups. Along with these, protein-protein interaction analysis revealed 10 other key molecules with strong interactions with the aforementioned genes. CONCLUSIONS Taken together with the functional effect of these genes, we suggest a strong molecular link between COVID-19-induced severities and neurological impairment in patients suffering from alcohol abuse disorder. These findings emphasize the importance of identifying chronic alcoholism as a risk factor for developing cognitive and memory impairment in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibran Sualeh Muhammad
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui
- College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Naveed Ahmed Khan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
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Anjum F, Mohammad T, Asrani P, Shafie A, Singh S, Yadav DK, Uversky VN, Hassan MI. Identification of intrinsically disorder regions in non-structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2: New insights into drug and vaccine resistance. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:1607-1619. [PMID: 35211823 PMCID: PMC8869350 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04393-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in December 2019 and caused coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which causes pneumonia and severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. It is a highly infectious pathogen that promptly spread. Like other beta coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2 encodes some non-structural proteins (NSPs), playing crucial roles in viral transcription and replication. NSPs likely have essential roles in viral pathogenesis by manipulating many cellular processes. We performed a sequence-based analysis of NSPs to get insights into their intrinsic disorders, and their functions in viral replication were annotated and discussed in detail. Here, we provide newer insights into the structurally disordered regions of SARS-CoV-2 NSPs. Our analysis reveals that the SARS-CoV-2 proteome has a chunk of the disordered region that might be responsible for increasing its virulence. In addition, mutations in these regions are presumably responsible for drug and vaccine resistance. These findings suggested that the structurally disordered regions of SARS-CoV-2 NSPs might be invulnerable in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Anjum
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taj Mohammad
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Purva Asrani
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Alaa Shafie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shailza Singh
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Ganeshkhind, SP, Pune University Campus, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Yadav
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Hambakmoeiro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon City, 21924, South Korea.
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India.
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Mungroo MR, Khan NA, Anwar A, Siddiqui R. Nanovehicles in the improved treatment of infections due to brain-eating amoebae. Int Microbiol 2021; 25:225-235. [PMID: 34368912 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-021-00201-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic free-living amoebae are known to cause fatal central nervous system infections with extremely high mortality rates. High selectivity of the blood-brain barrier hampers delivery of drugs and untargeted delivery of drugs can cause severe side effects. Nanovehicles can be used for targeted drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier. Inorganic nanoparticles have been explored as carriers for various biomedical applications and can be modified with various ligands for efficient targeting and cell selectivity while lipid-based nanoparticles have been extensively used in the development of both precision and colloidal nanovehicles. Nanomicelles and polymeric nanoparticles can also serve as nanocarriers and may be modified so that responsiveness of the nanoparticles and release of the loads are linked to specific stimuli. These nanoparticles are discussed here in the context of the treatment of central nervous system infections due to pathogenic amoebae. It is anticipated that these novel strategies can be utilized in tandem with novel drug leads currently in the pipeline and yield in the development of much needed treatments against these devastating parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ridwane Mungroo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Naveed Ahmed Khan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Ayaz Anwar
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui
- College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, 26666, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Pradhan M, Shah K, Alexander A, Ajazuddin, Minz S, Singh MR, Singh D, Yadav K, Chauhan NS. COVID-19: clinical presentation and detection methods. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2021; 43:1951291. [PMID: 34355645 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2021.1951291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The unending outburst of COVID-19 has reinforced the necessity of SARS-CoV-2 identification approaches for the prevention of infection transmission and the proper care of severe and critical patients. As there is no cure, a prompt and reliable diagnosis of SARS-CoV2 is vital to counter the spread and to provide adequate care and treatment for the infection. Currently, RT-PCR is a gold standard detection method for the qualitative and quantitative detection of viral nucleic acids. Besides, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is also a primarily used method for qualitative estimation of viral load. However, almost all the detection methods have their pros and cons in terms of specificity, accuracy, sensitivity, cost, time consumption, the need for sophisticated laboratories, and the requirement of skilled technical experts to carry out the detection tests. Thus, it is suggested to integrate different techniques to enhance the detection efficiency and accurateness for SARS-CoV2. This review focuses on preliminary, pre-confirmatory, and confirmatory methods of detection such as imaging techniques (chest-X-ray and chest- computed tomography), nucleic acid detection methods, serological assay methods, and viral culture and identification methods that are currently being employed to detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2 infection along with recent detection method and applicability for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhulika Pradhan
- Department of Pharmacy, Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Bhilai, India
| | - Kamal Shah
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research,GLA University, Mathura, India
| | - Amit Alexander
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-G), Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Guwahati, India
| | - Ajazuddin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Shirpur, 425405, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sunita Minz
- Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, annupur, India
| | - Manju Rawat Singh
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pandit Ravishankar Shukla University Institute of Pharmacy, Raipur, India
| | - Deependra Singh
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pandit Ravishankar Shukla University Institute of Pharmacy, Raipur, India
| | - Krishna Yadav
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pandit Ravishankar Shukla University Institute of Pharmacy, Raipur, India
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Siddiqui R, Mungroo MR, Khan NA. SARS-CoV-2 invasion of the central nervous: a brief review. Hosp Pract (1995) 2021; 49:157-163. [PMID: 33554684 PMCID: PMC7938650 DOI: 10.1080/21548331.2021.1887677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence of the ability of the novel coronavirus to invade the central nervous system (CNS). But how does a respiratory virus invade the highly protected CNS? Here, we reviewed available literature and case reports to determine CNS involvement in COVID-19, and to identify potential regions of the brain that may be affected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its possible route of entry into the brain to identify its pathogenicity. Based on the symptoms, the parietal lobe and the cerebellum are the likely targets of SARS-CoV-2; however, further work is needed to elucidate this. The presence of ACE2, used by SARS-CoV-2 for cell entry, in the brain as well as detection of the virus in the cerebrospinal fluid, further assert that SARS-COV-2 targets the brain, and therefore, medical practitioners should take that into account when dealing with patients suffering from COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui
- College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad Ridwane Mungroo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Naveed Ahmed Khan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Verberk IM, Nossent EJ, Bontkes HJ, Teunissen CE. Pre-analytical sample handling effects on blood cytokine levels: quality control of a COVID-19 biobank. Biomark Med 2021; 15:987-997. [PMID: 34289718 PMCID: PMC8359910 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2020-0770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: We investigated the effect of pre-analytical sample handling variations on coronavirus disease 2019-relevant circulating cytokine levels IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17A, IL-6 and TNF-α. Materials & methods: We collected blood in different collection tubes (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, sodium citrate, lithium heparin, serum), and subjected ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid plasma to among others increasing delays in centrifugation or -80°C storage. Six subjects were included in each experimental condition. Cytokine levels were measured in these samples using the Simoa Cytokine 6-plex kit. Results: Different tube types resulted in different blood cytokine levels. IL-17A and IL-6 levels declined with 3 h centrifugation delay. IFN-γ levels declined with 24 h postcentrifugation storage delay. IL-17A levels declined with 2-week storage delay. Conclusion: It is recommended to centrifuge tubes quickly following collection, for accurate cytokine measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Mw Verberk
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neurochemistry Laboratory, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther J Nossent
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hetty J Bontkes
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Medical Immunology Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neurochemistry Laboratory, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Stawinski P, Dziadkowiec KN, Marcus A. COVID-19-Induced Colitis: A Novel Relationship During Troubling Times. Cureus 2021; 13:e15870. [PMID: 34327095 PMCID: PMC8302258 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.15870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the resulting disease called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has initiated a global health crisis declared by the World Health Organization (WHO). As the nature of this novel virus unfolds, there have been a variety of extra-pulmonary clinical presentations of COVID-19 affecting the gastrointestinal tract. We present a novel relationship between this disease and its clinical manifestation as COVID-19-induced colitis. Providing insight into this association will invariably facilitate earlier recognition and resultant treatment of COVID-19 along with reducing unintended exposure to healthcare workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Stawinski
- Internal Medicine, University of Miami JFK Medical Center, Atlantis, USA
| | | | - Akiva Marcus
- Gastroenterology, University of Miami, JFK Regional Campus, Atlantis, USA
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Melo P, Barbosa JM, Jardim L, Carrilho E, Portugal J. COVID-19 Management in Clinical Dental Care. Part I: Epidemiology, Public Health Implications, and Risk Assessment. Int Dent J 2021; 71:251-262. [PMID: 33879353 PMCID: PMC7874946 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2021.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a viral disease declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020, has posed great changes to many sectors of society across the globe. Its virulence and rapid dissemination have forced the adoption of strict public health measures in most countries, which, collaterally, resulted in economic hardship. This article is the first in a series of 3 that aims to contextualise the clinical impact of COVID-19 for the dental profession. It presents the epidemiological conditions of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), namely, its modes of transmission, incubation, and transmissibility period, signs and symptoms, immunity, immunological tests, and risk management in dental care. Individuals in dental care settings are exposed to 3 potential sources of contamination with COVID-19: close interpersonal contacts (<1 m), contact with saliva, and aerosol-generating dental procedures. Thus, a risk management model is propsoed for the provision of dental care depending on the epidemiological setting, the patient's characteristics, and the type of procedures performed in the office environment. Although herd immunity seems difficult to achieve, a significant number of people has been infected throughout the first 9 months of the pandemic and vaccination has been implemented, which means that there will be a growing number of presumable "immune" individuals that might not require many precautions that differ from those before COVID-19. In conclusion, dental care professionals may manage their risk by following the proposed model, which considers the recommendations by local and international health authorities, thus providing a safe environment for both professionals and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Melo
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, EpiUnit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - João Malta Barbosa
- Instituto de Implantologia, Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, USA
| | - Luis Jardim
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Eunice Carrilho
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, CIMAGO; Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice; Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology; Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jaime Portugal
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is an unexpected worldwide situation, and all countries have implemented their own policies to curb the spread of the virus. The pathophysiology of COVID-19 has opened numerous hypotheses of functional alterations in different physiological aspects. The direct impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the urogenital organs of males and females is still to be assessed. Nevertheless, based on biological similarities between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, several hypotheses have been proposed. In this study, we will discuss the possible mechanism of action, and potential effects on the male/female reproductive system and fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash S Mali
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague Czech Republic
| | - Madhuri Magdum
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Samata Hospital, Dombiwali (MH), India
| | - Jiri Novotny
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague Czech Republic
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16
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Juchnowicz D, Baj J, Forma A, Karakuła K, Sitarz R, Bogucki J, Karakula-Juchnowicz H. The Outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic and the Well-Being of Polish Students: The Risk Factors of the Emotional Distress during COVID-19 Lockdown. J Clin Med 2021; 10:944. [PMID: 33804368 PMCID: PMC7957694 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10050944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has a significant impact on both physical and mental health. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to (1) evaluate depression, anxiety, and stress levels among students from Polish universities during the first weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic and (2) assess the risk factors of the higher intensity of emotional distress. We conducted an online survey using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) to assess well-being. The study included 2172 respondents (73% female, 27% male) with a mean age of 22.1 ± 2.2. Moderate to extremely severe scores of depression, anxiety, and stress were reported by 43.4%, 27.3%, and 41.0% of the respondents, respectively. Higher scores of DASS-21 were related to female sex (odds ratio (OR) = 3.01), studying sciences (OR = 2.04), co-residence with the roommates (OR = 1.25), suffering from a mental disorder (OR = 5.88), loneliness (OR = 293.30), the usage of psychiatric support before pandemic (OR = 8.06), poor economic situation (OR = 13.49), and the lower scores were found for being currently employed (OR = 0.4). This study highlights an urgent need for (1) crisis-oriented psychological and psychiatric support for students during the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic and (2) preparing appropriate psychological interventions to improve the mental health of students for a possible similar situation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Juchnowicz
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Jacek Baj
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Alicja Forma
- Student Research Group Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Kaja Karakuła
- Psychiatry Student Research Group I Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, 20-439 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Ryszard Sitarz
- Chair and I Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, 20-439 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Jacek Bogucki
- Chair and Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Hanna Karakula-Juchnowicz
- Chair and I Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, 20-439 Lublin, Poland;
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17
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Rampogu S, Lee KW. Old Drugs for New Purpose—Fast Pace Therapeutic Identification for
SARS‐CoV
‐2 Infections by Pharmacophore Guided Drug Repositioning Approach. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shailima Rampogu
- Department of Bio & Medical Big Data (BK21 Four Program) Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University (GNU) 501 Jinju‐daero, Jinju 52828 South Korea
| | - Keun Woo Lee
- Department of Bio & Medical Big Data (BK21 Four Program) Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University (GNU) 501 Jinju‐daero, Jinju 52828 South Korea
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18
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Abstract
The field of bio-nano interfaces paves the way for a better understanding, development, and implementation of the advanced biotechnological process. Interfacing biomolecules with the nanomaterials will result in the development of new tools and techniques that, in turn, will enable to explore the fundamental process at the nano level and fabricate cost-effective portable devices. Fascinating biomolecules like DNA, RNA and proteins in the regime of nanoscale are intelligent materials that are capable of storing the information and controlling the basic structure and function of the complex biological systems. Following this concept, the current pandemic situation would be a natural selection process, where the selective pressure is on the ssRNA of Covid-19 to choose the suitable progeny for survival. Consequently, the interaction of human DNA invoking response with Covid-19 happens at the nanoscale and it could be a better candidate to provoke combat against the virus. The extent of this interaction would give us the insights at the nanotechnological level to tackle the prevention, diagnosis and treatment for Covid-19. Herein, the possible features and obstacles in Covid-19 and a probable solution from the advent of nanotechnology are discussed to address the current necessity. Moreover, the perspective sustainable green graph mask that can be prepared using green plant extract/graphene (Bio-Nano composite mask) is suggested for the possible protection of virus-like Covid-19. The composite material will not only effectively trap the virus but also inactivate the virus due to the presence of antiviral compounds in the plant extracts.
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19
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Clinical manifestations of COVID-19 in the general population: systematic review. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2020; 133:377-382. [PMID: 33242148 PMCID: PMC7689634 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-020-01760-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Clinical manifestations of COVID-19 are varied in the general population. This study aimed to systematize the literature regarding clinical manifestations of patients with confirmed COVID-19. A systematic review of the literature was conducted. A total of 8070 scientific productions were found in the databases. Among the studies, 184 met the initial inclusion criteria, with a total of 114,046 patients. After complete reading, 32 studies that did not report clinical manifestations were excluded. The 152 publications finally included a total of 41,409 individuals from at least 23 countries and 26 different clinical manifestations were reported. In percentage terms, 6 symptoms had a general prevalence greater than or equal to 25%, namely, fever (58.66%), cough (54.52%), dyspnea (30.82%), malaise (29.75%), fatigue (28.16%) and sputum/secretion (25.33%). Neurological symptoms (20.82%), dermatological manifestations (20.45%), anorexia (20.26%), myalgia (16.9%), sneezing (14.71%), sore throat (14.41%), rhinitis (14.29%), goosebumps (13.49%), headache (12.17%), chest pain (11.49%) and diarrhea (9.59%) were other common symptoms. Only one study reported dermatological manifestations. The least frequent sign/symptom was hemoptysis (1.65%). In studies with more than 100 patients, the 3 main symptoms were fever (57.93%), cough (54.21%), and dyspnea (30.64%). Dermatological manifestations do not appear among the main symptoms. The identification of all clinical manifestations of COVID-19 is essential for an early diagnosis and the adoption of preventive measures.
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20
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Oves M, Ravindran M, Rauf MA, Omaish Ansari M, Zahin M, Iyer AK, Ismail IMI, Khan MA, Palaniyar N. Comparing and Contrasting MERS, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2: Prevention, Transmission, Management, and Vaccine Development. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9120985. [PMID: 33255989 PMCID: PMC7761006 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9120985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is responsible for an unprecedented disruption to the healthcare systems and economies of countries around the world. Developing novel therapeutics and a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 requires an understanding of the similarities and differences between the various human coronaviruses with regards to their phylogenic relationships, transmission, and management. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that humans were first infected with SARS-CoV-2 in late 2019 and the virus rapidly spread from the outbreak epicenter in Wuhan, China to various parts of the world. Multiple variants of SARS-CoV-2 have now been identified in particular regions. It is apparent that MERS, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 present with several common symptoms including fever, cough, and dyspnea in mild cases, but can also progress to pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Understanding the molecular steps leading to SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells and the viral replication cycle can illuminate crucial targets for testing several potential therapeutics. Genomic and structural details of SARS-CoV-2 and previous attempts to generate vaccines against SARS-CoV and MERS have provided vaccine targets to manage future outbreaks more effectively. The coordinated global response against this emerging infectious disease is unique and has helped address the need for urgent therapeutics and vaccines in a remarkably short time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Oves
- Centre of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Makkah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.O.); (I.M.I.I.)
| | - Mithunan Ravindran
- Program in Translational Medicine, SickKids Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Mohd Ahmar Rauf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.A.R.); (A.K.I.)
| | - Mohammad Omaish Ansari
- Center of Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Makkah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Maryam Zahin
- Center for Predictive Medicine and James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
| | - Arun K. Iyer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.A.R.); (A.K.I.)
| | - Iqbal M. I. Ismail
- Centre of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Makkah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.O.); (I.M.I.I.)
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Makkah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meraj A. Khan
- Program in Translational Medicine, SickKids Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada;
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada
- Correspondence: (M.A.K.); (N.P.)
| | - Nades Palaniyar
- Program in Translational Medicine, SickKids Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada
- Correspondence: (M.A.K.); (N.P.)
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21
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Nascimento Junior JAC, Santos AM, Oliveira AMS, Guimarães AG, Quintans-Júnior LJ, Coutinho HDM, Martins N, Borges LP, Serafini MR. Trends in MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Diagnosis Strategies: A Patent Review. Front Public Health 2020; 8:563095. [PMID: 33194964 PMCID: PMC7653175 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.563095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak represents a challenge for the diagnostic laboratories responsible for developing test kits to identify those infected with SARS-CoV-2. Methods with rapid and accurate detection are essential to control the sources of infection, to prevent the spread of the disease and to assist decision-making by public health managers. Currently, there is a wide variety of tests available with different detection methodologies, levels of specificity and sensitivity, detection time, and with an extensive range of prices. This review therefore aimed to conduct a patent search in relation to tests for the detection of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2. The greatest number of patents identified in the search were registered between 2003 and 2011, being mainly deposited by China, the Republic of Korea, and the United States. Most of the patents used the existing RT-PCR, ELISA, and isothermal amplification methods to develop simple, sensitive, precise, easy to use, low-cost tests that reduced false-negative or false-positive results. The findings of this patent search show that an increasing number of materials and diagnostic tests for the coronavirus are being produced to identify infected individuals and combat the growth of the current pandemic; however, there is still a question in relation to the reliability of the results of these tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Adão Carvalho Nascimento Junior
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, Brazil.,Posgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, Brazil
| | | | | | - Adriana Gibara Guimarães
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, Brazil.,Posgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, Brazil
| | - Lucindo José Quintans-Júnior
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, Brazil.,Posgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, Brazil
| | | | - Natália Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Mairim Russo Serafini
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, Brazil.,Posgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, Brazil
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22
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Siddiqui R, Khamis M, Ibrahim T, Khan NA. Irrigation System and COVID-19 Recurrence: A Potential Risk Factor in the Transmission of SARS-CoV-2. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:2903-2905. [PMID: 32945160 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Several lines of evidence suggest the presence of severe acute respiratory coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in wastewater. The use of sewage water for irrigation is common in many developing countries, and it is only partially treated in the majority of countries with less than 10% of collected wastewater receiving any form of treatment globally. Wastewater is unsafe for human and animal consumption and contains impurities and microbial pathogens. Here, we pose the question of whether the reuse of untreated or partially treated wastewater for irrigation can expose susceptible populations and pets, leading to COVID-19 disease recurrence in the community? It is imperative to study the ecological relationships between humans, animals, and environmental health in relation to COVID-19 to contribute to a "One Health Concept" to design preventative strategies and attain optimal health for people, animals, and the environment.
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23
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Brave H, MacLoughlin R. State of the Art Review of Cell Therapy in the Treatment of Lung Disease, and the Potential for Aerosol Delivery. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6435. [PMID: 32899381 PMCID: PMC7503246 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory and pulmonary diseases are among the leading causes of death globally. Despite tremendous advancements, there are no effective pharmacological therapies capable of curing diseases such as COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome), and COVID-19. Novel and innovative therapies such as advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) are still in early development. However, they have exhibited significant potential preclinically and clinically. There are several longitudinal studies published, primarily focusing on the use of cell therapies for respiratory diseases due to their anti-inflammatory and reparative properties, thereby hinting that they have the capability of reducing mortality and improving the quality of life for patients. The primary objective of this paper is to set out a state of the art review on the use of aerosolized MSCs and their potential to treat these incurable diseases. This review will examine selected respiratory and pulmonary diseases, present an overview of the therapeutic potential of cell therapy and finally provide insight into potential routes of administration, with a focus on aerosol-mediated ATMP delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosanna Brave
- College of Medicine, Nursing & Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland;
| | - Ronan MacLoughlin
- Department of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
- Aerogen Ltd. Galway Business Park, H91 HE94 Galway, Ireland
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24
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Sampaio SGDSM, Dias AM, de Freitas R, Borsatto AZ, Esteves EMFL, de Oliveira LC. Evaluation of the Criteria Adopted to Identify Suspected Cases of COVID-19 in the Emergency Department Service of a Referral Palliative Oncology Care Unit. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2020; 38:199-203. [PMID: 32875819 DOI: 10.1177/1049909120957310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Due to the need for isolation of inpatients with suspected COVID-19, accuracy in identifying these cases in Emergency Department (ED) has great relevance, especially in Palliative Oncology Care Unit (PCU). OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficiency of clinical criteria adopted to identify suspected cases of COVID-19 by the ED in PCU. METHODS All patients admitted to PCU between April and June 2020 from ED were included. The clinical criteria adopted to identify suspected COVID-19 cases were: being in contact with a suspected or confirmed case less than 14 days ago and / or presenting fever with no defined focus and / or respiratory symptoms not explained by oncological disease and / or suggestive image in radiological examination (if necessary). All suspected cases were submitted to deep nasal and throat swab for SARS COV-2 investigation by Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction Test, adopted as gold standard. Inpatients hospitalized by ED, without suspicion, and then diagnosed with COVID-19 within 10 days of hospitalization were considered as false-negative cases. RESULTS During the period, 327 patients were admitted from ED. Of these, 69 (21%) were considered suspects, of whom 34 (49%) tested positive for COVID-19. The sensitivity of the clinical criterion to identify suspected cases was 87%, specificity was 88%, positive predictive value was 49%, negative was 98% and accuracy was 88%. CONCLUSION The clinical criteria adopted to identify suspected cases of COVID-19 at ED proved to be efficient, with low risk of spreading in-hospital infection, avoiding unnecessary isolation of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andréa Marins Dias
- 37908National Cancer Institute-Palliative Care Unit (HC IV), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renata de Freitas
- 37908National Cancer Institute-Palliative Care Unit (HC IV), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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25
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Grassia R, Testa S, De Silvestri A, Drago A, Cereatti F, Conti CB. Lights and shadows of SARS-CoV-2 infection risk assessment in endoscopy. Dig Liver Dis 2020; 52:816-818. [PMID: 32601027 PMCID: PMC7293506 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2020.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Grassia
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, ASST Cremona, Cremona, Italy
| | - Sophie Testa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Haemostasis and Thrombosis Center, ASST Cremona, Italy
| | - Annalisa De Silvestri
- Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Scientific Direction, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Drago
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, ASST Cremona, Cremona, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Cereatti
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, ASST Cremona, Cremona, Italy
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26
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Fraietta R, Pasqualotto FF, Roque M, Taitson PF. SARS-COV-2 and Male Reproductive Health. JBRA Assist Reprod 2020; 24:347-350. [PMID: 32510901 PMCID: PMC7365526 DOI: 10.5935/1518-0557.20200047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Critical challenges for the public and private health, research, and medical communities have been posed by the COVID-19 outbreak. Some of these challenges are related to the possible adverse effects of SARS-CoV-2 on male reproductive health, and whether other potential modes of transmission may occur, such as sexual transmission. Moreover, concerns have been raised in terms of whether the COVID-19 outbreak may have an impact on fertility worldwide. In this study, we will discuss the origins of SARS-CoV-2. We will further describe its mechanism of action, diagnosis, symptoms, and potential effects on the male reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Fraietta
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio Firmbach Pasqualotto
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Matheus Roque
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Mater Prime, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Franco Taitson
- Discipline of Human Reproduction, Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
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27
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Kabir MT, Uddin MS, Hossain MF, Abdulhakim JA, Alam MA, Ashraf GM, Bungau SG, Bin-Jumah MN, Abdel-Daim MM, Aleya L. nCOVID-19 Pandemic: From Molecular Pathogenesis to Potential Investigational Therapeutics. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:616. [PMID: 32754599 PMCID: PMC7365855 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In December 2019, a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-related epidemic was first observed in Wuhan, China. In 2020, owing to the highly infectious and deadly nature of the virus, this widespread novel coronavirus disease 2019 (nCOVID-19) became a worldwide pandemic. Studies have revealed that various environmental factors including temperature, humidity, and air pollution may also affect the transmission pattern of COVID-19. Unfortunately, still, there is no specific drug that has been validated in large-scale studies to treat patients with confirmed nCOVID-19. However, remdesivir, an inhibitor of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), has appeared as an auspicious antiviral drug. Currently, a large-scale study on remdesivir (i.e., 200 mg on first day, then 100 mg once/day) is ongoing to evaluate its clinical efficacy to treat nCOVID-19. Good antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 was not observed with the use of lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r). Nonetheless, the combination of umifenovir and LPV/r was found to have better antiviral activity. Furthermore, a combination of hydroxychloroquine (i.e., 200 mg 3 times/day) and azithromycin (i.e., 500 mg on first day, then 250 mg/day from day 2-5) also exhibited good activity. Currently, there are also ongoing studies to evaluate the efficacy of teicoplanin and monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Thus, in this article, we have analyzed the genetic diversity and molecular pathogenesis of nCOVID-19. We also present possible therapeutic options for nCOVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md. Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Farhad Hossain
- Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae, South Korea
| | - Jawaher A. Abdulhakim
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Yanbu, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md. Asraful Alam
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Simona G. Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| | - May N. Bin-Jumah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environnement Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Besançon, France
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28
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Arun Krishnan R, Elizabeth Thomas R, Sukumaran A, Paul JK, Vasudevan DM. COVID-19: Current Trends in Invitro Diagnostics. Indian J Clin Biochem 2020; 35:285-289. [PMID: 32641875 PMCID: PMC7320251 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-020-00906-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is the seventh known species of coronavirus, infectious to human beings. The pandemic COVID-19 spread all over the world with an unprecedented spreading rate after its first appearance in Wuhan, China. As a novel viral disease there in no antiviral treatment or vaccine for the COVID-19. At present, the early detection and the quarantine of infected patients are the ways to stop the spreading of the disease. This review will discuss about the current invitro diagnostic methods used worldwide for the early and accurate diagnosis of COVID-19. Currently the nucleic acid based polymerase chain reaction is used as the reliable diagnostic platform and antigen/antibody detection immunoassays are playing the role of screening tests for early detection and prognosis in COVID-19 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Arun Krishnan
- R&D Reagent Department, Agappe Diagnostics Limited, Cochin, Kerala India
| | | | | | - Jofy K. Paul
- R&D Reagent Department, Agappe Diagnostics Limited, Cochin, Kerala India
| | - D. M. Vasudevan
- R&D Reagent Department, Agappe Diagnostics Limited, Cochin, Kerala India
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29
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Siddiqui R, Khan NA. Proposed Intranasal Route for Drug Administration in the Management of Central Nervous System Manifestations of COVID-19. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:1523-1524. [PMID: 32432466 PMCID: PMC7241733 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
There is mounting evidence of the central nervous system manifestations associated with COVID-19, particularly in severe cases. Up to 25% of COVID-19 cases exhibit neurological manifestations associated with COVID-19. In view of the devastating nature of the disease due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, here we debate intranasal drug delivery, in addition to intravenous delivery, as a therapeutic strategy in the management of COVID-19 cases with central nervous system involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts
and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, University City,
Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Naveed Ahmed Khan
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts
and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, University City,
Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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30
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Abstract
CoVID-19 is a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Since the first case has been reported in Wuhan in China, evidence of associated severe acute respiratory syndrome is well established and the disease is accepted as a primarily respiratory infection. However, current available data are supporting a gastrointestinal tropism with great implications at multiple levels in the course of this disease. The gastrointestinal tract appears in the heart of the strategy for management of infected patients from diagnosis to post-recovery isolation policies. This review highlights the digestive aspects of CoVID-19.
Keywords: ACE2, CoVID-19, Digestive, Endoscopy, Fecal transmission, Liver, Prognosis
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