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Mendonça R, Furtado R, Coelho A, Correia CB, Suyarko E, Borges V, Gomes JP, Pista A, Batista R. Raw milk cheeses from Beira Baixa, Portugal-A contributive study for the microbiological hygiene and safety assessment. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:1759-1772. [PMID: 38622468 PMCID: PMC11153484 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01332-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to specific bacterial microbiota, raw milk cheeses have appreciated sensory properties. However, they may pose a threat to consumer safety due to potential pathogens presence. This study evaluated the microbiological contamination of 98 raw milk cheeses from Beira Baixa, Portugal. Presence and enumeration of Coagulase Positive Staphylococci (CPS), Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., pathogenic Escherichia coli, and indicator microorganisms (non-pathogenic E. coli and Listeria spp.) was attained. E. coli antimicrobial resistance (AMR) was also evaluated. PCR and/or Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was used to characterize E. coli, Salmonella spp. and L. monocytogenes isolates. Sixteen cheeses (16.3%) were classified as Satisfactory, 59 (60.2%) as Borderline and 23 (23.5%) as Unsatisfactory/Potential Injurious to Health. L. monocytogenes, CPS > 104 cfu g-1, Extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) and Salmonella spp. were detected in 4.1%, 6.1%, 3.1% and 1.0% of the samples, respectively. Listeria innocua (4.1%) and E. coli > 104 cfu g-1 (16.3%) were also detected. AMR E. coli was detected in 23/98 (23.5%) of the cheese samples, of which two were multidrug resistant. WGS identified genotypes already associated to human disease and Listeria spp. cluster analysis indicated that cheese contamination might be related with noncompliance with Good Hygiene Practices during cheese production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Mendonça
- Department of Food and Nutrition, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Rosália Furtado
- Department of Food and Nutrition, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Anabela Coelho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristina Belo Correia
- Department of Food and Nutrition, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Elena Suyarko
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
- NOVA School of Science and Technology, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Vítor Borges
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Gomes
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
- Animal and Veterinary Research Center (CECAV), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University-Lisbon University Centre, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Angela Pista
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rita Batista
- Department of Food and Nutrition, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Beyene AM, Gizachew M, Yousef AE, Haileyesus H, Abdelhamid AG, Berju A, Tebeje MM, Feleke T, Gelaw B. Multidrug-resistance and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing lactose-fermenting enterobacteriaceae in the human-dairy interface in northwest Ethiopia. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303872. [PMID: 38771780 PMCID: PMC11108214 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is among the top public health concerns in the globe. Estimating the prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR), MDR index (MDR-I) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing lactose fermenting Enterobacteriaceae (LFE) is important in designing strategies to combat AMR. Thus, this study was designed to determine the status of MDR, MDR-I and ESBL-producing LFE isolated from the human-dairy interface in the northwestern part of Ethiopia, where such information is lacking. METHODOLOGY A cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2022 to August 2023 by analyzing 362 samples consisting of raw pooled milk (58), milk container swabs (58), milker's hand swabs (58), farm sewage (57), milker's stool (47), and cow's feces (84). The samples were analyzed using standard bacteriological methods. The antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and ESBL production ability of the LFE isolates were screened using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, and candidate isolates passing the screening criteria were phenotypically confirmed by using cefotaxime (30 μg) and cefotaxime /clavulanic acid (30 μg/10 μg) combined-disk diffusion test. The isolates were further characterized genotypically using multiplex polymerase chain reaction targeting the three ESBL-encoding- genes namely blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M. RESULTS A total of 375 bacterial isolates were identified and the proportion of MDR and ESBL-producing bacterial isolates were 70.7 and 21.3%, respectively. The MDR-I varied from 0.0 to 0.81 with an average of 0.30. The ESBL production was detected in all sample types. Genotypically, the majority of the isolates (97.5%), which were positive on the phenotypic test, were carrying one or more of the three genes. CONCLUSION A high proportion of the bacterial isolates were MDR; had high MDR-I and were positive for ESBL production. The findings provide evidence that the human-dairy interface is one of the important reservoirs of AMR traits. Therefore, the implementation of AMR mitigation strategies is highly needed in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achenef Melaku Beyene
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mucheye Gizachew
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Ahmed E. Yousef
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ohio State; University, Ohio, Columbus, United States of America
| | - Hana Haileyesus
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Ahmed G. Abdelhamid
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ohio State; University, Ohio, Columbus, United States of America
| | - Adugna Berju
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Meseret Molu Tebeje
- Clinical Bacteriology Unit, Comprehensive Specialized Teaching Hospital, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tigest Feleke
- Clinical Bacteriology Unit, Comprehensive Specialized Teaching Hospital, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Baye Gelaw
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Mounsey O, Marchetti L, Parada J, Alarcón LV, Aliverti F, Avison MB, Ayala CS, Ballesteros C, Best CM, Bettridge J, Buchamer A, Buldain D, Carranza A, Corti Isgro M, Demeritt D, Escobar MP, Gortari Castillo L, Jaureguiberry M, Lucas MF, Madoz LV, Marconi MJ, Moiso N, Nievas HD, Ramirez Montes De Oca MA, Reding C, Reyher KK, Vass L, Williams S, Giraudo J, De La Sota RL, Mestorino N, Moredo FA, Pellegrino M. Genomic epidemiology of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli from Argentinian pig and dairy farms reveals animal-specific patterns of co-resistance and resistance mechanisms. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0179123. [PMID: 38334306 PMCID: PMC10952494 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01791-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Control measures are being introduced globally to reduce the prevalence of antibiotic resistance (ABR) in bacteria on farms. However, little is known about the current prevalence and molecular ecology of ABR in bacterial species with the potential to be key opportunistic human pathogens, such as Escherichia coli, on South American farms. Working with 30 dairy cattle farms and 40 pig farms across two provinces in central-eastern Argentina, we report a comprehensive genomic analysis of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant (3GC-R) E. coli, which were recovered from 34.8% (cattle) and 47.8% (pigs) of samples from fecally contaminated sites. Phylogenetic analysis revealed substantial diversity suggestive of long-term horizontal and vertical transmission of 3GC-R mechanisms. CTX-M-15 and CTX-M-2 were more often produced by isolates from dairy farms, while CTX-M-8 and CMY-2 and co-carriage of amoxicillin/clavulanate resistance and florfenicol resistance were more common in isolates from pig farms. This suggests different selective pressures for antibiotic use in these two animal types. We identified the β-lactamase gene blaROB, which has previously only been reported in the family Pasteurellaceae, in 3GC-R E. coli. blaROB was found alongside a novel florfenicol resistance gene, ydhC, also mobilized from a pig pathogen as part of a new composite transposon. As the first comprehensive genomic survey of 3GC-R E. coli in Argentina, these data set a baseline from which to measure the effects of interventions aimed at reducing on-farm ABR and provide an opportunity to investigate the zoonotic transmission of resistant bacteria in this region. IMPORTANCE Little is known about the ecology of critically important antibiotic resistance among bacteria with the potential to be opportunistic human pathogens (e.g., Escherichia coli) on South American farms. By studying 70 pig and dairy cattle farms in central-eastern Argentina, we identified that third-generation cephalosporin resistance (3GC-R) in E. coli was mediated by mechanisms seen more often in certain species and that 3GC-R pig E. coli were more likely to be co-resistant to florfenicol and amoxicillin/clavulanate. This suggests that on-farm antibiotic usage is key to selecting the types of E. coli present on these farms. 3GC-R E. coli and 3GC-R plasmids were diverse, suggestive of long-term circulation in this region. We identified the de novo mobilization of the resistance gene blaROB from pig pathogens into E. coli on a novel mobile genetic element, which shows the importance of surveying poorly studied regions for antibiotic resistance that might impact human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Mounsey
- University of Bristol, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Marchetti
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Julián Parada
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Río Cuarto, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura V. Alarcón
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Florencia Aliverti
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Matthew B. Avison
- University of Bristol, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos S. Ayala
- University of Bristol Veterinary School, Langford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Caroline M. Best
- University of Bristol Veterinary School, Langford, United Kingdom
| | - Judy Bettridge
- University of Bristol Veterinary School, Langford, United Kingdom
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Buchamer
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Daniel Buldain
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, La Plata, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia Carranza
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Maite Corti Isgro
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Río Cuarto, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - David Demeritt
- Department of Geography, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Lihuel Gortari Castillo
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, La Plata, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Jaureguiberry
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, La Plata, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana F. Lucas
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, La Plata, Argentina
- Universidad del Salvador, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias, Pilar, Argentina
| | - L. Vanina Madoz
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, La Plata, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María José Marconi
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, La Plata, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Moiso
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Hernán D. Nievas
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, La Plata, Argentina
| | | | - Carlos Reding
- University of Bristol, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | | | - Lucy Vass
- University of Bristol Veterinary School, Langford, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Williams
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, La Plata, Argentina
| | - José Giraudo
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - R. Luzbel De La Sota
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, La Plata, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nora Mestorino
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Fabiana A. Moredo
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Matías Pellegrino
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico Químicas y Naturales, Río Cuarto, Argentina
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Widodo A, Lamid M, Effendi MH, Tyasningsih W, Raharjo D, Khairullah AR, Kurniawan SC, Yustinasari LR, Riwu KHP, Silaen OSM. Molecular identification of blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes in multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli found in milk samples from dairy cattle farms in Tulungagung, Indonesia. J Vet Res 2023; 67:381-388. [PMID: 37786843 PMCID: PMC10541667 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2023-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Escherichia coli is an opportunistic bacteria that can grow easily, produce toxins, and resist antibiotics. The phenomenon of E. coli developing multidrug resistance is currently the subject of extensive research. The objective of this study was to molecularly identify blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes in multidrug-resistant E. coli found in milk samples from dairy cattle farms in Tulungagung, Indonesia. Material and Methods One hundred and ten milk samples were collected from 45 dairy cattle farms in Tulungagung, Indonesia. Indole, methyl red, Voges-Proskauer and in citrate tests and triple iron sugar agar tests were used to identify E. coli. Multidrug resistance was determined in isolates through antibiotic sensitivity tests using tetracycline, streptomycin, trimethoprim, chloramphenicol and aztreonam. Extended-spectrum beta lactamase enzyme production was confirmed by double-disc synergy test (DDST). Molecular identification was performed to confirm the blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes. Results One hundred and one (91.82%) E. coli strains were isolated from the samples. The antibiotic sensitivity test showed four (3.96%) multidrug-resistant (MDR) and one (0.99%) ESBL-positive E. coli by DDST confirmation. There were three (77.78%) blaTEM genes and one (0.99%) blaCTX-M gene discovered in the MDR E. coli isolates using PCR for molecular identification. Conclusion The findings of the blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes encoding ESBL E. coli in dairy cattle milk in Tulungagung, Indonesia is concerning and argues for prompt action to stop the emergence of antibiotic resistance which has an impact on public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agus Widodo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya60115, East Java, Indonesia
- Department of Health, Faculty of Vocational Studies, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya60115, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Mirni Lamid
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya60115, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Mustofa Helmi Effendi
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya60115, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Wiwiek Tyasningsih
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya60115, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Dadik Raharjo
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya60115, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Aswin Rafif Khairullah
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya60115, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Shendy Canadya Kurniawan
- Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen6708 PB, Netherlands
| | - Lita Rakhma Yustinasari
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya60115, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Katty Hendriana Priscilia Riwu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Mandalika, Mataram83125, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Indonesia
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Jato-Espino D, Mayor-Vitoria F, Moscardó V, Capra-Ribeiro F, Bartolomé del Pino LE. Toward One Health: a spatial indicator system to model the facilitation of the spread of zoonotic diseases. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1215574. [PMID: 37457260 PMCID: PMC10340543 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1215574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrent outbreaks of zoonotic infectious diseases highlight the importance of considering the interconnections between human, animal, and environmental health in disease prevention and control. This has given rise to the concept of One Health, which recognizes the interconnectedness of between human and animal health within their ecosystems. As a contribution to the One Health approach, this study aims to develop an indicator system to model the facilitation of the spread of zoonotic diseases. Initially, a literature review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement to identify relevant indicators related to One Health. The selected indicators focused on demographics, socioeconomic aspects, interactions between animal and human populations and water bodies, as well as environmental conditions related to air quality and climate. These indicators were characterized using values obtained from the literature or calculated through distance analysis, geoprocessing tasks, and other methods. Subsequently, Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) techniques, specifically the Entropy and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) methods, were utilized to combine the indicators and create a composite metric for assessing the spread of zoonotic diseases. The final indicators selected were then tested against recorded zoonoses in the Valencian Community (Spain) for 2021, and a strong positive correlation was identified. Therefore, the proposed indicator system can be valuable in guiding the development of planning strategies that align with the One Health principles. Based on the results achieved, such strategies may prioritize the preservation of natural landscape features to mitigate habitat encroachment, protect land and water resources, and attenuate extreme atmospheric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Jato-Espino
- GREENIUS Research Group, Universidad Internacional de Valencia—VIU, Calle Pintor Sorolla, Valencia, Spain
| | - Fernando Mayor-Vitoria
- GREENIUS Research Group, Universidad Internacional de Valencia—VIU, Calle Pintor Sorolla, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vanessa Moscardó
- GREENIUS Research Group, Universidad Internacional de Valencia—VIU, Calle Pintor Sorolla, Valencia, Spain
| | - Fabio Capra-Ribeiro
- GREENIUS Research Group, Universidad Internacional de Valencia—VIU, Calle Pintor Sorolla, Valencia, Spain
- School of Architecture, College of Art and Design, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
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Ashraf D, Ombarak RA, Samir A, Abdel-Salam AB. Characterization of multidrug-resistant potential pathogens isolated from milk and some dairy products in Egypt. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2023; 10:275-283. [PMID: 37534087 PMCID: PMC10390681 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2023.j679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to explore the incidence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus in raw milk and some Egyptian dairy products, namely Kariesh cheese and rice with milk. Material and Methods 112 samples (70 raw milk, 30 Kariesh cheese, and 12 rice with milk) were randomly collected from different districts in Cairo and Giza, Egypt. The samples were examined for E. coli, S. aureus, and B. cereus presence. The susceptibility of the obtained isolates was tested against 11 antimicrobials using the disk diffusion method, and further, the presence of AMR genes was examined. Results The incidences of E. coli, S. aureus, and B. cereus were 69.64%, 12.5%, and 16.7% in the examined samples, respectively. The antibiogram indicated that E. coli isolates (n = 60) were resistant to gentamycin (73.33%), ampicillin (AM, 53.3%), and cefotaxime (CTX, 16.66%). Multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli strains (n = 5) were tested for β-lactams resistance genes. blaTEM was detected in all isolates, and two of them additionally carried blaCTX-M. Staphylococcus aureus isolates (n = 10) were resistant to AM (100%), followed by tetracycline (TE), CTX, and gentamycin (60% each). All MDR S. aureus strains (n = 4) carried blaZ and tetK, and three of them additionally carried aac(6')-aph (2''). Bacillus cereus isolates (n = 30) showed resistance to AM (100%), amoxicillin (20%), and TE (6.66%). bla and tetA genes were detected in all MDR B. cereus isolates (n = 6). Conclusion Our findings denote the high incidence of potential health hazards in raw milk and some of its products and the existence of AMR bacteria, including MDR strains, which can cause human illnesses that are difficult to treat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Ashraf
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rabee A. Ombarak
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Samir
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ayah B. Abdel-Salam
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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7
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Rai S, Kumar M, Jas R, Mandal GP, Samanta I, Rajendar M, Tripura S, Das SK, Mondal M, Mandal DK. Antibacterial effect of kitchen herbs against pathogenic multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates from calf diarrhoea. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:211. [PMID: 37204503 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03628-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Calf diarrhoea remains the biggest challenge both in the small and large farms. Infectious diarrhoea is associated with many pathogens, Escherichia coli being one, but majority are systematically treated with antibiotics. Since antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing menace, the need to find alternative prophylactic solutions using popular kitchen herbs such as Trachyspermum ammi (carom seeds), Curcuma longa (turmeric) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum sp.) extracts is been investigated against virulent form of E. coli isolated from calf diarrhoea. The virulence factors identified in these isolates were ST (32.5%), LT (20%), eaeA (15%), stx1 (2.5%) and stx2 (5%) with the occurrence of the most common serogroups as O18 (15%) followed by O111 (12.5%). Highest resistance was seen with beta lactam + beta lactamase inhibitor (amoxicillin/clavulanic acid) followed by beta lactams (ampicillin, cefuroxime and cefepime). The zone of inhibition due to cinnamon (methanol) and carom seed (ethanol) extracts (500 to 250 μg/mL concentration) on E. coli bacteria was >19 mm, respectively. Turmeric, cinnamon and carom had the potency of inhibiting the pathogenic E. coli which maybe suggestive of its use in calf diets as prophylaxis against diarrhoea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saroj Rai
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research - National Dairy Research Institute, Eastern Regional Station, Kalyani, WB, 741235, India.
| | - M Kumar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research - National Dairy Research Institute, Eastern Regional Station, Kalyani, WB, 741235, India
| | - R Jas
- West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Belgachia, Kolkata, WB, India
| | - G P Mandal
- West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Belgachia, Kolkata, WB, India
| | - I Samanta
- West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Belgachia, Kolkata, WB, India
| | - M Rajendar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research - National Dairy Research Institute, Eastern Regional Station, Kalyani, WB, 741235, India
| | - S Tripura
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research - National Dairy Research Institute, Eastern Regional Station, Kalyani, WB, 741235, India
| | - S K Das
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research - National Dairy Research Institute, Eastern Regional Station, Kalyani, WB, 741235, India
| | - M Mondal
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research - National Dairy Research Institute, Eastern Regional Station, Kalyani, WB, 741235, India
| | - D K Mandal
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research - National Dairy Research Institute, Eastern Regional Station, Kalyani, WB, 741235, India
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Cheesman MJ, Shivashekaregowda NKH, Cock IE. Bacterial Foodborne Illness in Malaysia: Terminalia spp. as a Potential Resource for Treating Infections and Countering Antibiotic Resistance. Malays J Med Sci 2023; 30:42-54. [PMID: 37102050 PMCID: PMC10125245 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2023.30.2.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute diarrhoea is becoming a major public health problem in Malaysia, with more than 13.5 million cases reported annually. Foodborne bacterial pathogens are a predominant cause of diarrhoea, with infections causing prolonged illness durations and higher patient mortality rates, placing a tremendous burden on the Malaysian economy. Due to increasing incidences of diarrhoea in Malaysia caused by foodborne pathogens and the increasing levels of resistance towards antibiotics from many different classes, new drugs and/or therapies are urgently required. The evidence for plants as new sources of antibiotics has increased dramatically in recent years and there has been a substantial increase in interest in traditional and herbal medicines. Several Terminalia spp. are native to Malaysia, with previous research demonstrating that Terminalia spp. are rich in therapeutic phytochemicals and possess antibacterial properties. However, limited research has been conducted on the native Malaysian Terminalia spp. for their potential as new antibacterial therapies. The current review discusses the types of bacteria, including antibiotic-resistant strains, that cause food poisoning in Malaysia, and reports the phytochemical content and antibacterial properties of eight of these useful plant species. Future directions pertaining to drug discovery pathways are also suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew James Cheesman
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Ian Edwin Cock
- School of Environment and Science, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Australia
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9
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β-Lactamase Genes ( blaCTX-M, blaSHV, blaTEM, blaOXA1 and blaOXA2) and Phylogenetic Groups in ESBL Producing Commensal Escherichia coli Isolated from Faecal Samples from Dairy Farm in the Municipality of Debar. MACEDONIAN VETERINARY REVIEW 2023. [DOI: 10.2478/macvetrev-2023-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
β-lactamases are a diverse class of enzymes produced by bacteria that present a major cause for resistance to β-lactams. In this study we analysed 159 fecal samples from dairy cows, for the presence of presumptive ESBL, AmpC, and carbapenemase-producing E. coli. Phylotyping was done using Clermont phylo-typing method, targeting arpA, ChuA, and YjaA genes, along with the DNA fragment TspE4.C2. Convetional PCR method was used to confirm the presence of bla genes among 39 phenotypically confirmed ESBL producing E. coli. The results showed presence of CTX-M, SHV, TEM and OXA1 bla genes in 28 (71.79%), 1 (2.56%), 29 (74.35%), 2 (5.12%) of isolates, respectively Twenty (51.28%) isolates showed presence of both blaCTX-M and TEM genes. The strain that carried the blaSHV gene was found to carry blaTEM gene as well, while one of the strains that carried blaOXA1 gene was also carrying blaCTX-M and TEM gene. The ration between isolates and phylo-groups was as follows: 9 (23.07%) strains were assigned to phyllo-group D; 14 (35.89%) to phyllo-group B; 16 (41.02%) to phyllo-group A. Out of the 39 strains where bla genes were identified, 29 (74.35%) were categorized as multi drug resistant.
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10
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Islam MS, Rahman AT, Hassan J, Rahman MT. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase in Escherichia coli isolated from humans, animals, and environments in Bangladesh: A One Health perspective systematic review and meta-analysis. One Health 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
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11
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Gücükoğlu A, Uyanik T, Çadirci Ö, Uğurtay E, Kanat S, Bölükbaş A. Determination of extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in raw water buffalo milk and dairy products by conventional multiplex and real-time PCR. Int Dairy J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2022.105581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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12
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Multi-Drug Resistant Pathogenic Escherichia coli Isolated from Wild Birds, Chicken, and the Environment in Malaysia. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11101275. [PMID: 36289933 PMCID: PMC9598899 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11101275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmission of pathogenic microorganisms in the last decades has been considered a significant health hazard and pathogenic E. coli, particularly antibiotic-resistant strains, have long been identified as a zoonotic problem. This study aimed to investigate multidrug resistant pathogenic E. coli isolates from wild birds, chickens, and environment in selected Orang Asli and Malay villages in Peninsular Malaysia. The bacteriological culture-based technique, disc diffusion method, and multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (mPCR) assay was used to determine the occurrence of pathogenic E. coli strains in the several samples in the study. E. coli isolates showed a variety of multi-drug resistant (MDR) antibiotypes and Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) and Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) were the most predominantly identified pathogenic E. coli strains. The findings of this study demonstrated the significance of animal reservoirs and the environment as sources of pathogenic E. coli, resistant bacteria, and resistance genes. Hence, there is a need for adoption of a practical surveillance approach on MDR pathogens to control foodborne contamination.
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13
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Huang S, Tian P, Kou X, An N, Wu Y, Dong J, Cai H, Li B, Xue Y, Liu Y, Ji H. The prevalence and characteristics of extended-spectrum β-lactamase Escherichia coli in raw milk and dairy farms in Northern Xinjiang, China. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 381:109908. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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14
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El-Mohandes SS, Eid RH, Allam AM, Abou-Zeina HAA, Elbayoumy MK. Phenotyping and genotyping studies on extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolates from mastitic cows on dairy farms in Egypt. Vet World 2022; 15:890-897. [PMID: 35698499 PMCID: PMC9178576 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.890-897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae have become a serious public health hazard worldwide. This importance is derived from the increase of new variants, particularly blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M genes. This study aimed to examine ESBL-producing Escherichia coli isolated from different governorates in Egypt from dairy cows infected with subclinical and clinical mastitis.
Materials and Methods: This study examined 207 milk samples for the resistance of isolates against 14 different antibiotics and ran serological identification of ESBL-producing E. coli isolates with complete antibiotic resistance. Genotypic and sequencing analyses of several resistance genes were conducted using a polymerase chain reaction.
Results: E. coli was identified in cases with subclinical mastitis (80.5%) and clinical mastitis (85.7%). ESBL-producing E. coli was isolated from 38.2% of subclinical mastitic milk compared to 39.3% in clinical cases, where O26:k60, O125:k70, and O25:k11 were the serotypes with complete resistance to antibiotics. ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were resistant to cefotaxime, amoxicillin, cloxacillin, oxacillin, rifampicin, and penicillin in 100% but susceptible to amoxicillin and clavulanic acid in 82.5% of the cases. Results also revealed that 51.25%, 52.5%, 66.25%, 77.5% and 60% of ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were responsive to ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, norfloxacin, levofloxacin, and gentamycin, respectively. The detected genes were registered in GenBank as MW345819.1 and MW345820.1 for the E. coli blaTEM gene and MW295407 for the E. coli blaSHV gene.
Conclusion: This study found ESBL-producing E. coli in mastitic milk samples from Egyptian dairy farms and confirmed the occurrence and circulation of the main antibiotic genes (blaTEM and blaSHV) in the samples. Regular and thorough surveillance of ESBL-producing E. coli and subsequent preventive actions are essential for preventing the spread of these resistance genes in the future, which could pose serious and catastrophic health risks. Authorities should cling to the concept of One Health to minimize the risk of new varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shereen S. El-Mohandes
- Department of Mastitis and Neonatal Diseases, Animal Reproduction Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Rasha H. Eid
- Department of Mastitis and Neonatal Diseases, Animal Reproduction Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Ahmad M. Allam
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza 12556, Egypt
| | - Hala A. A. Abou-Zeina
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza 12556, Egypt
| | - Mohamed K. Elbayoumy
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza 12556, Egypt
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15
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High prevalence of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic foodborne bacteria isolated from bovine milk. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3878. [PMID: 35264647 PMCID: PMC8907330 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07845-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of foodborne pathogenic bacteria in bovine milk, their antibiogram phenotype, and the carriage of antibiotic resistance genes. Raw bovine milk samples (n = 100) were randomly collected from different suppliers in the northwest of Iran. Antibiotic-resistant patterns and the presence of antibiotic resistance genes were evaluated in the isolates. Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella spp. were isolated from 78%, 47%, 25%, and 21% of samples, respectively. All isolates showed high rates of resistance to amoxicillin, penicillin, and cefalexin. The blaTEM and blaSHV genes were detected in 50.0% and 6.4% of E. coli isolates, respectively. Also, 28.5% and 19.0% of Salmonella isolates were positive for blaTEM and blaSHV. The frequency of mecA and blaZ in S. aureus isolates was 20.0% and 12.0%, respectively. The high prevalence of bovine milk contamination with antimicrobial-resistant species in this study necessitates precise control on antibiotic prescription in veterinary medicine.
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16
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Dong X, Wang J, Wang Z, Shi P, Bian L. Mutation and evolution of metallo-beta-lactamase CphA under the selective pressure of biapenem continuous concentration gradient. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 230:111776. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Tóth AG, Csabai I, Judge MF, Maróti G, Becsei Á, Spisák S, Solymosi N. Mobile Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Probiotics. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10111287. [PMID: 34827225 PMCID: PMC8614787 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10111287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Even though people worldwide tend to consume probiotic products for their beneficial health effects on a daily basis, recently, concerns were outlined regarding the uptake and potential intestinal colonisation of the bacteria that they carry. These bacteria are capable of executing horizontal gene transfer (HGT) which facilitates the movement of various genes, including antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), among the donor and recipient bacterial populations. Within our study, 47 shotgun sequencing datasets deriving from various probiotic samples (isolated strains and metagenomes) were bioinformatically analysed. We detected more than 70 ARGs, out of which rpoB mutants conferring resistance to rifampicin, tet(W/N/W) and potentially extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) coding TEM-116 were the most common. Numerous ARGs were associated with integrated mobile genetic elements, plasmids or phages promoting the HGT. Our findings raise clinical and public health concerns as the consumption of probiotic products may lead to the transfer of ARGs to human gut bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienn Gréta Tóth
- Health Services Management Training Centre, Semmelweis University, 1125 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - István Csabai
- Department of Phyisics of Complex Systems, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (I.C.); (Á.B.)
| | - Maura Fiona Judge
- Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, 1078 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Gergely Maróti
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center, 6726 Szeged, Hungary;
- Faculty of Water Sciences, University of Public Service, 6500 Baja, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Becsei
- Department of Phyisics of Complex Systems, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (I.C.); (Á.B.)
| | - Sándor Spisák
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Norbert Solymosi
- Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, 1078 Budapest, Hungary;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-30-9347-069
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18
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Sirichokchatchawan W, Apiwatsiri P, Pupa P, Saenkankam I, Khine NO, Lekagul A, Lugsomya K, Hampson DJ, Prapasarakul N. Reducing the Risk of Transmission of Critical Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants From Contaminated Pork Products to Humans in South-East Asia. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:689015. [PMID: 34385984 PMCID: PMC8353453 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.689015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical challenge worldwide as it impacts public health, especially via contamination in the food chain and in healthcare-associated infections. In relation to farming, the systems used, waste management on farms, and the production line process are all determinants reflecting the risk of AMR emergence and rate of contamination of foodstuffs. This review focuses on South East Asia (SEA), which contains diverse regions covering 11 countries, each having different levels of development, customs, laws, and regulations. Routinely, here as elsewhere antimicrobials are still used for three indications: therapy, prevention, and growth promotion, and these are the fundamental drivers of AMR development and persistence. The accuracy of detection of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) depends on the laboratory standards applicable in the various institutes and countries, and this affects the consistency of regional data. Enterobacteriaceae such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae are the standard proxy species used for indicating AMR-associated nosocomial infections and healthcare-associated infections. Pig feces and wastewater have been suspected as one of the hotspots for spread and circulation of ARB and ARG. As part of AMR surveillance in a One Health approach, clonal typing is used to identify bacterial clonal transmission from the production process to consumers and patients - although to date there have been few published definitive studies about this in SEA. Various alternatives to antibiotics are available to reduce antibiotic use on farms. Certain of these alternatives together with improved disease prevention methods are essential tools to reduce antimicrobial usage in swine farms and to support global policy. This review highlights evidence for potential transfer of resistant bacteria from food animals to humans, and awareness and understanding of AMR through a description of the occurrence of AMR in pig farm food chains under SEA management systems. The latter includes a description of standard pig farming practices, detection of AMR and clonal analysis of bacteria, and AMR in the food chain and associated environments. Finally, the possibility of using alternatives to antibiotics and improving policies for future strategies in combating AMR in a SEA context are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wandee Sirichokchatchawan
- College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Diagnosis and Monitoring of Animal Pathogen Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prasert Apiwatsiri
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pawiya Pupa
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Imporn Saenkankam
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nwai Oo Khine
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Angkana Lekagul
- International Health Policy Program, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Kittitat Lugsomya
- Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - David J. Hampson
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Nuvee Prapasarakul
- Diagnosis and Monitoring of Animal Pathogen Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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19
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Ibekwe A, Durso L, Ducey TF, Oladeinde A, Jackson CR, Frye JG, Dungan R, Moorman T, Brooks JP, Obayiuwana A, Karathia H, Fanelli B, Hasan N. Diversity of Plasmids and Genes Encoding Resistance to Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase in Escherichia coli from Different Animal Sources. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9051057. [PMID: 34068339 PMCID: PMC8153348 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9051057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance associated with the spread of plasmid-encoded extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes conferring resistance to third generation cephalosporins is increasing worldwide. However, data on the population of ESBL producing E. coli in different animal sources and their antimicrobial characteristics are limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate potential reservoirs of ESBL-encoded genes in E. coli isolated from swine, beef, dairy, and poultry collected from different regions of the United States using whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Three hundred isolates were typed into different phylogroups, characterized by BOX AIR-1 PCR and tested for resistance to antimicrobials. Of the 300 isolates, 59.7% were resistant to sulfisoxazole, 49.3% to tetracycline, 32.3% to cephalothin, 22.3% to ampicillin, 20% to streptomycin, 16% to ticarcillin; resistance to the remaining 12 antimicrobials was less than 10%. Phylogroups A and B1 were most prevalent with A (n = 92, 30%) and B1 (87 = 29%). A total of nine E. coli isolates were confirmed as ESBL producers by double-disk synergy testing and multidrug resistant (MDR) to at least three antimicrobial drug classes. Using WGS, significantly higher numbers of ESBL-E. coli were detected in swine and dairy manure than from any other animal sources, suggesting that these may be the primary animal sources for ESBL producing E. coli. These isolates carry plasmids, such as IncFIA(B), IncFII, IncX1, IncX4, IncQ1, CollRNAI, Col440I, and acquired ARGs aph(6)-Id, aph(3″)-Ib, aadA5, aph(3')-Ia, blaCTX-M-15, blaTEM-1B, mphA, ermB, catA1, sul1, sul2, tetB, dfrA17. One of the E. coli isolates from swine with ST 410 was resistant to nine antibiotics and carried more than 28 virulence factors, and this ST has been shown to belong to an international high-risk clone. Our data suggests that ESBL producing E. coli are widely distributed in different animal sources, but swine and dairy cattle may be their main reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abasiofiok Ibekwe
- US Salinity Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Riverside, CA 92507, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Lisa Durso
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA;
| | - Thomas F. Ducey
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Florence, SC 29501, USA;
| | - Adelumola Oladeinde
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30605, USA; (A.O.); (C.R.J.); (J.G.F.)
| | - Charlene R. Jackson
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30605, USA; (A.O.); (C.R.J.); (J.G.F.)
| | - Jonathan G. Frye
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30605, USA; (A.O.); (C.R.J.); (J.G.F.)
| | - Robert Dungan
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Kimberly, ID 83341, USA;
| | - Tom Moorman
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
| | - John P. Brooks
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA;
| | - Amarachukwu Obayiuwana
- Department of Biological Sciences (Microbiology Option), Augustine University Ilara (AUI), Epe 106101, Lagos State, Nigeria;
| | - Hiren Karathia
- CosmosID Inc., Rockville, MD 20850, USA; (H.K.); (B.F.); (N.H.)
| | - Brian Fanelli
- CosmosID Inc., Rockville, MD 20850, USA; (H.K.); (B.F.); (N.H.)
| | - Nur Hasan
- CosmosID Inc., Rockville, MD 20850, USA; (H.K.); (B.F.); (N.H.)
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20878, USA
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