1
|
Simelane NWN, Abrahamse H. Actively targeted photodynamic therapy in multicellular colorectal cancer spheroids via functionalised gold nanoparticles. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 52:309-320. [PMID: 38781462 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2024.2357693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) holds great potential to overcome limitations associated with common colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment approaches. Targeted photosensitiser (PS) delivery systems using nanoparticles (NPs) with targeting moieties are continually being designed, which are aimed at enhancing PS efficacy in CRC PDT. However, the optimisation of targeted PS delivery systems in most, in vitro PDT studies has been conducted on two dimensional (2D) monolayers cell cultures. In our present study, we developed a nano PS delivery system for in vitro cultured human colorectal three-dimensional multicellular spheroids (3D MCTS). PEGylated gold nanoparticles (PEG-AuNPs) were prepared and attached to ZnPcS4PS and further functionalised with specific CRC targeting anti-Guanylate Cyclase monoclonal antibodies(mAb). The ZnPcS4-AuNP-Anti-GCC Ab (BNC) nanoconjugates were successfully synthesised and their photodynamic effect investigated following exposure to laser irradiation and demonstrated enhanced anticancer effects in Caco-2 cells cultivated as 3D MCTS spheroids. Our findings suggest that targeted BNC nanoconjugates can improve the efficacy of PDT and highlight the potential of 3D MCTS tumour model for evaluating of targeted PDT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhuge Y, Li G, Sun M, Zhang J, Zou J, Gao F, Wang F. Reactive oxygen species responsive double-locked liposome collaborative photodynamic therapy for reducing electrical conduction recurrence after radiofrequency catheter ablation. Int J Pharm X 2024; 8:100275. [PMID: 39252693 PMCID: PMC11382321 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2024.100275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) is the preferred technique for the treatment of atrial fibrillation, but the recovery of electrical conduction after ablation seriously endangers the health of patients. This study aimed to develop reactive oxygen species (ROS) responsive double-locked liposome collaborative photodynamic therapy (PDT) to target the ablation area and reduce the recovery of electrical conduction after ablation. The successful synthesis of β-cyclodextrin modified with phenylboronic acid pinacol ester (OCD) was confirmed by 1H NMR and FT-IR. Furthermore, the successful synthesis of octadecylamine-modified indocyanine green (ICG-ODA) was confirmed by 1H NMR and mass spectrometry. The ICG-ODA was encapsulated in liposomes to generate a double-locked hybrid liposome (ICG-ODA@rNP), which was subsequently characterized. Several properties of ICG-ODA@rNP were evaluated, including the drug release, targeting ability and ability to inhibit electrical conduction recurrence. Moreover, a model was constructed for the blockage of electrical conduction after RFCA in rabbits to further evaluate ICG-ODA@rNP. The preliminary safety evaluation of ICG-ODA@rNP was also performed. The ICG-ODA@rNP with a uniform particle size showed excellent storage stability. The nanoparticle can sensitively release drugs under ROS environment, and exhibits excellent photothermal effects. Furthermore, ICG-ODA@rNP can circulate for a long time in vivo and accumulate significantly in the ablation area. In a pacing test with a left atrial appendage (LAA), these nanoparticles, combined with PDT, reduced the ratio of electrical conduction recovery, which was confirmed by a hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) test. Further molecular analysis revealed that ICG-ODA@rNP could increase RFCA-induced apoptosis and ROS levels. Specifically, ICG-ODA@rNP significantly increased the expression of Bax and cleaved caspase-3, and decreased the expression of Bcl-2. In addition, the excellent biosafety of the double-locked nanoparticle was verified. This study provides evidence that ICG-ODA@rNP, with the double lock characteristic and biosafety, which exhibits a targeting effect on RFCA-induced cardiac injury areas, which further reduce electrical conduction recovery in RFCA areas by collaborativing PDT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhuge
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200800, China
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200800, China
| | - Gonghao Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200800, China
- Department of Cardiology, Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang 222000, China
| | - Mingyue Sun
- Shanghai Frontier Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- Shanghai Frontier Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiafeng Zou
- Shanghai Frontier Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Shanghai Frontier Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200800, China
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200800, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nasir A, Rehman MU, Khan T, Husn M, Khan M, Khan A, Nuh AM, Jiang W, Farooqi HMU, Bai Q. Advances in nanotechnology-assisted photodynamic therapy for neurological disorders: a comprehensive review. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 52:84-103. [PMID: 38235991 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2024.2304814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Neurological disorders such as neurodegenerative diseases and nervous system tumours affect more than one billion people throughout the globe. The physiological sensitivity of the nervous tissue limits the application of invasive therapies and leads to poor treatment and prognosis. One promising solution that has generated attention is Photodynamic therapy (PDT), which can potentially revolutionise the treatment landscape for neurological disorders. PDT attracted substantial recognition for anticancer efficacy and drug conjugation for targeted drug delivery. This review thoroughly explained the basic principles of PDT, scientific interventions and advances in PDT, and their complicated mechanism in treating brain-related pathologies. Furthermore, the merits and demerits of PDT in the context of neurological disorders offer a well-rounded perspective on its feasibility and challenges. In conclusion, this review encapsulates the significant potential of PDT in transforming the treatment landscape for neurological disorders, emphasising its role as a non-invasive, targeted therapeutic approach with multifaceted applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Nasir
- Medical Research Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mujeeb Ur Rehman
- Department of Zoology, Islamia College University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Tamreez Khan
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Mansoor Husn
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Manzar Khan
- Department of Zoology, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Khan
- Department of Psychology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Abdifatah Mohamed Nuh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Medical Research Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | | | - Qain Bai
- Medical Research Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lei Y, Jiang W, Peng C, Wu D, Wu J, Xu Y, Yan H, Xia X. Advances in polymeric nano-delivery systems targeting hair follicles for the treatment of acne. Drug Deliv 2024; 31:2372269. [PMID: 38956885 PMCID: PMC11225637 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2024.2372269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Acne is a common chronic inflammatory disorder of the sebaceous gland in the hair follicle. Commonly used external medications cause skin irritation, and the transdermal capacity is weak, making it difficult to penetrate the cuticle skin barrier. Hair follicles can aid in the breakdown of this barrier. As nanomaterials progress, polymer-based nanocarriers are routinely used for hair follicle drug delivery to treat acne and other skin issues. Based on the physiological and anatomical characteristics of hair follicles, this paper discusses factors affecting hair follicle delivery by polymer nanocarriers, summarizes the common combination technology to improve the targeting of hair follicles by carriers, and finally reviews the most recent research progress of different polymer nanodrug-delivery systems for the treatment of acne by targeting hair follicles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Lei
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Wanting Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Donghai Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yiling Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xinhua Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wolf I, Storz J, Schultze-Seemann S, Esser PR, Martin SF, Lauw S, Fischer P, Peschers M, Melchinger W, Zeiser R, Gorka O, Groß O, Gratzke C, Brückner R, Wolf P. A new silicon phthalocyanine dye induces pyroptosis in prostate cancer cells during photoimmunotherapy. Bioact Mater 2024; 41:537-552. [PMID: 39246837 PMCID: PMC11378935 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Photoimmunotherapy (PIT) combines the specificity of antibodies with the cytotoxicity of light activatable photosensitizers (PS) and is a promising new cancer therapy. We designed and synthesized, in a highly convergent manner, the silicon phthalocyanine dye WB692-CB2, which is novel for being the first light-activatable PS that can be directly conjugated via a maleimide linker to cysteines. In the present study we conjugated WB692-CB2 to a humanized antibody with engineered cysteines in the heavy chains that specifically targets the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). The resulting antibody dye conjugate revealed high affinity and specificity towards PSMA-expressing prostate cancer cells and induced cell death after irradiation with red light. Treated cells exhibited morphological characteristics associated with pyroptosis. Mechanistic studies revealed the generation of reactive oxygen species, triggering a cascade of intracellular events involving lipid peroxidation, caspase-1 activation, gasdermin D cleavage and membrane rupture followed by release of pro-inflammatory cellular contents. In first in vivo experiments, PIT with our antibody dye conjugate led to a significant reduction of tumor growth and enhanced overall survival in mice bearing subcutaneous prostate tumor xenografts. Our study highlights the future potential of the new phthalocyanine dye WB692-CB2 as PS for the fluorescence-based detection and PIT of cancer, including local prostate tumor lesions, and systemic activation of anti-tumor immune responses by the induction of pyroptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isis Wolf
- Department of Urology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jonas Storz
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Schultze-Seemann
- Department of Urology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp R Esser
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
- Allergy Research Group, Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan F Martin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
- Allergy Research Group, Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Susan Lauw
- Core Facility Signalling Factory & Robotics, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peer Fischer
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marie Peschers
- Department of Urology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Melchinger
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert Zeiser
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Gorka
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Olaf Groß
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Gratzke
- Department of Urology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Reinhard Brückner
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Wolf
- Department of Urology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Porubský M, Hodoň J, Stanková J, Džubák P, Hajdúch M, Urban M, Hlaváč J. Near-infrared pH-switchable BODIPY photosensitizers for dual biotin/cRGD targeted photodynamic therapy. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 259:113010. [PMID: 39141981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.113010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinically-approved cancer treatment that is based on production of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species to induce cell death. However, its efficiency depends on distribution of photosensitizer (PS) and depth of light penetration through the tissues. Tendency of pathological cancer tissues to exhibit lower pH than healthy tissues inspired us to explore dual-targeted pH-activatable photosensitizers based on tunable near-infrared (NIR) boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) dyes. Our BODIPY PSs were designed to carry three main attributes: (i) biotin or cRGD peptide as an effective cancer cell targeting unit, (ii) amino moiety that is protonated in acidic (pH <6.5) conditions for pH-activation of the PS based on photoinduced electron transfer (PET) and (iii) hydrophilic groups enhancing the water solubility of very hydrophobic BODIPY dyes. Illumination of such compounds with suitable light (>640nm) allowed for high phototoxicity against HeLa (αvβ3 integrin and biotin receptor positive) and A549 (biotin receptor positive) cells compared to healthy MRC-5 (biotin negative) cells. Moreover, no dark toxicity was observed on selected cell lines (>10 μM) providing promising photosensitizers for tumour-targeted photodynamic therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Porubský
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Tr. 17. Listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiří Hodoň
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Tr. 17. Listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic; Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 5, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jarmila Stanková
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 5, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Džubák
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 5, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marián Hajdúch
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 5, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Urban
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 5, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hlaváč
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Tr. 17. Listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Casula L, Elena Giacomazzo G, Conti L, Fornasier M, Manca B, Schlich M, Sinico C, Rheinberger T, Wurm FR, Giorgi C, Murgia S. Polyphosphoester-stabilized cubosomes encapsulating a Ru(II) complex for the photodynamic treatment of lung adenocarcinoma. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 670:234-245. [PMID: 38761576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.05.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
The clinical translation of photosensitizers based on ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes (RPCs) in photodynamic therapy of cancer faces several challenges. To address these limitations, we conducted an investigation to assess the potential of a cubosome formulation stabilized in water against coalescence utilizing a polyphosphoester analog of Pluronic F127 as a stabilizer and loaded with newly synthesized RPC-based photosensitizer [Ru(dppn)2(bpy-morph)](PF6)2 (bpy-morph = 2,2'-bipyridine-4,4'-diylbis(morpholinomethanone)), PS-Ru. The photophysical characterization of PS-Ru revealed its robust capacity to induce the formation of singlet oxygen (1O2). Furthermore, the physicochemical analysis of the PS-Ru-loaded cubosomes dispersion demonstrated that the encapsulation of the photosensitizer within the nanoparticles did not disrupt the three-dimensional arrangement of the lipid bilayer. The biological tests showed that PS-Ru-loaded cubosomes exhibited significant phototoxic activity when exposed to the light source, in stark contrast to empty cubosomes and to the same formulation without irradiation. This promising outcome suggests the potential of the formulation in overcoming the drawbacks associated with the clinical use of RPCs in photodynamic therapy for anticancer treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Casula
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria Monserrato, S.P. 8 Km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Gina Elena Giacomazzo
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Luca Conti
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Marco Fornasier
- Department of Chemistry, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden; CSGI, Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Benedetto Manca
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Cagliari, via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, CA, Italy
| | - Michele Schlich
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria Monserrato, S.P. 8 Km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Chiara Sinico
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria Monserrato, S.P. 8 Km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Timo Rheinberger
- Sustainable Polymer Chemistry (SPC), Department of Molecules and Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, Enschede 7500 AE, Netherlands
| | - Frederik R Wurm
- Sustainable Polymer Chemistry (SPC), Department of Molecules and Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, Enschede 7500 AE, Netherlands
| | - Claudia Giorgi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Sergio Murgia
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria Monserrato, S.P. 8 Km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy; CSGI, Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pinho S, Coelho JMP, Gaspar MM, Reis CP. Advances in localized prostate cancer: a special focus on photothermal therapy. Eur J Pharmacol 2024:176982. [PMID: 39260812 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a high prevalence disease, per 10000 habitants, that tends to increase with age. This pathology is difficult to detect at an early stage due to the absence of symptoms, hence the importance of monitoring signs for early detection. This disease can be detected by various methods, including plasmatic levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and rectal touch, with biopsy being necessary to confirm the diagnosis. Patients affected by prostate cancer can have localized or advanced disease. There are conventional approaches that have been used as a reference in localized cancer, such as active surveillance, surgery, or radiotherapy. However, the adverse effects might vary and, sometimes, they can be permanent. An overview about the innovative therapeutic approaches to improve outcomes in terms of both tumor remission and side effects for localized PCa is presented. In case of emerging light-based treatment strategies, they aimed at ablating tumor tissue by inducing an external light are non-invasive, localized and, considerably, they are able to reduce lesions in peripheral tissues. One is photodynamic therapy (PDT) and it involves the photooxidation of molecules culminating in the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), inducing cell death. On the other hand, photothermal therapy (PTT) is based on inducing hyperthermia in cancer cells by irradiating them with beams of light at a specific wavelength. To improve the heat generated, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have those desirable characteristics that have drawn attention to PTT. Various studies point to AuNPs as efficient nanomaterials in PTT for the treatment of tumors, including prostate cancer. This review includes the most representative advances in this research field, dated from 1998 to 2023. It is noticed that several advances have been made and the way to find the effective treatment without impacting adverse side effects is shorter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pinho
- Research Institute for Medicines, iMed.ULisboa - Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João M P Coelho
- Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica (IBEB), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Manuela Gaspar
- Research Institute for Medicines, iMed.ULisboa - Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica (IBEB), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina Pinto Reis
- Research Institute for Medicines, iMed.ULisboa - Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica (IBEB), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ziental D, Czarczynska-Goslinska B, Wysocki M, Ptaszek M, Sobotta Ł. Advances and perspectives in use of semisolid formulations for photodynamic methods. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024:114485. [PMID: 39255919 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Although nearly 30 years have passed since the introduction of the first clinically approved photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy, progress in developing new pharmaceutical formulations remains unsatisfactory. This review highlights that despite years of research, many recurring challenges and issues remain unresolved. The paper includes an analysis of selected essential studies involving aminolevulinic acid and its derivatives, as well as other photosensitizers with potential for development as medical products. Among various possible vehicles, special attention is given to gelatin, alginates, poly(ethylene oxide), polyacrylic acid, and chitosan. The focus is particularly on infectious and cancerous diseases. Key aspects of developing new semi-solid drug forms should prioritize the creation of easily manufacturable and biocompatible preparations for clinical use. At the same time, new formulations should preserve the primary function of photosensitizers, which is the generation of reactive oxygen species capable of destroying pathogenic cells or tumors. Additionally, the use of adjuvant properties of carriers, which can enhance the effectiveness of macrocycles, is emphasized, especially in chitosan-based antibacterial formulations. Current research indicates that many promising dyes and macrocyclic compounds with high potential as photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy remain unexplored in formulation and development work. This review outlines potential new and previously explored pathways for advancing photosensitizers as active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ziental
- Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Beata Czarczynska-Goslinska
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marcin Wysocki
- Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marcin Ptaszek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Łukasz Sobotta
- Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xiao S, Mu M, Feng C, Pan S, Chen N. The application of bacteria-nanomaterial hybrids in antitumor therapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:536. [PMID: 39227831 PMCID: PMC11373302 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02793-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Adverse effects and multidrug resistance remain significant obstacles in conventional cancer therapy. Nanomedicines, with their intrinsic properties such as nano-sized dimensions and tunable surface characteristics, have the potential to mitigate the side effects of traditional cancer treatments. While nanomaterials have been widely applied in cancer treatment, challenges such as low targeting efficiency and poor tumor penetration persist. Recent research has shown that anaerobic bacteria exhibit high selectivity for primary tumors and metastatic cancers, offering good safety and superior tumor penetration capabilities. This suggests that combining nanomaterials with bacteria could complement their respective limitations, opening vast potential applications in cancer therapy. The use of bacteria in combination with nanomaterials for anticancer treatments, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and photothermal/photodynamic therapy, has contributed to the rapid development of the field of bacterial oncology treatments. This review explores the mechanisms of bacterial tumor targeting and summarizes strategies for synthesizing bacterial-nanomaterial and their application in cancer therapy. The combination of bacterial-nanomaterial hybrids with modern therapeutic approaches represents a promising avenue for future cancer treatment research, with the potential to improve treatment outcomes for cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susu Xiao
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Min Mu
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chenqian Feng
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Shulin Pan
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Nianyong Chen
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jiménez-Chávez ÁDJ, Moreno-Fierros L, Cayetano-Cruz M, Romero-Romero LP, Bustos-Jaimes I. Use of parvovirus B19-like particles in self-illuminated photodynamic therapy for solid tumors. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 258:112979. [PMID: 39003970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer photodynamic therapy, which uses light generated by bioluminescent proteins to activate photosensitizers and produce reactive oxygen species without the need for external irradiation, has shown promising results in cancer models. However, the characterization of delivery systems that can incorporate the components of this therapy for preferential delivery to the tumor remains necessary. In this work, we have characterized parvovirus B19-like particles (B19V-VLPs) as a platform for a photosensitizer and a bioluminescent protein. By chemical and biorthogonal conjugation, we conjugated rose Bengal photosensitizer and firefly luciferase to B19V-VLPs and a protein for added specificity. The results showed that B19V-VLPs can withstand decoration with all three components without affecting its structure or stability. The conjugated luciferase showed activity and was able to activate rose Bengal to produce singlet oxygen without the need for external light. The photodynamic reaction generated by the functionalized VLPs-B19 can decrease the viability of tumor cells in vitro and affect tumor growth and metastasis in the 4 T1 model. Treatment with functionalized VLPs-B19 also increased the percentage of CD4 and CD8 cell populations in the spleen and in inguinal lymph nodes compared to vehicle-treated mice. Our results support B19V-VLPs as a delivery platform for bioluminescent photodynamic therapy components to solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ángel de Jesús Jiménez-Chávez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City 04510, Mexico
| | - Leticia Moreno-Fierros
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM, Tlalnepantla de Baz, Estado de México 54090, Mexico
| | - Maribel Cayetano-Cruz
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City 04510, Mexico
| | | | - Ismael Bustos-Jaimes
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City 04510, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pires BRB, de Paoli F, Mencalha AL, de Souza da Fonseca A. Photodynamic therapy on mRNA levels in bacteria. Lasers Med Sci 2024; 39:229. [PMID: 39214913 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-024-04179-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has shown efficacy in inactivating different bacterial species by photosensitizer-induced free radical production. Despite aPDT is considered unable to cause resistant strains, enzymatic pathways for detoxification of reactive oxygen species and transmembrane photosensitizer efflux systems could cause resistance to aPDT. Resistance mechanisms can be evaluated by measurement of mRNA from by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Thus, the aim of this study was to access the mRNA level data obtained by RT-qPCR in bacterial cells submitted to photodynamic therapy. Studies performed on mRNA levels in bacteria after PDT were assessed on MEDLINE/Pubmed. The mRNA levels from genes related to various functions have been successfully evaluated in both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria after aPDT by RT-qPCR. Such an approach has improved the understanding of aPDT-induced effects, and reinforced the effectiveness of aPDT on bacteria, which can cause infections in different human tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Ricardo Barreto Pires
- Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Boulevard Vinte e Oito de Setembro, 87, fundos, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, 20551030, Brazil
| | - Flavia de Paoli
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Rua José Lourenço Khelmer - s/n, Campus Universitário, São Pedro, Juiz de Fora, 36036900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Andre Luiz Mencalha
- Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Boulevard Vinte e Oito de Setembro, 87, fundos, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, 20551030, Brazil
| | - Adenilson de Souza da Fonseca
- Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Boulevard Vinte e Oito de Setembro, 87, fundos, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, 20551030, Brazil.
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Frei Caneca, 94, Rio de Janeiro, 20211040, Brazil.
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Centro Universitário Serra dos Órgãos, Avenida Alberto Torres, 111, Teresópolis, Rio de Janeiro, 25964004, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu T, Zhang E, Cui S, Dai H, Yang X, Lin C. Effects of 630 nm laser on apoptosis, metastasis, invasion and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of human lung squamous cell carcinoma H520 cells mediated by hematoporphyrin derivatives. Lasers Med Sci 2024; 39:228. [PMID: 39210165 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-024-04176-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has significant advantages in the treatment of malignant lung tumors. The research on the mechanism of PDT mediated by hematoporphyrin derivatives (HPD) and its cytotoxic effects on lung cancer cells has primarily focused on lung adenocarcinoma cells. However, the impact of HPD-PDT on lung squamous cell carcinoma has not been thoroughly studied. This study aimed to investigate the effects of 630 nm laser on apoptosis, metastasis, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human lung squamous cell carcinoma H520 cells mediated by HPD. H520 cells were divided into four groups: control group, photosensitizer group, irradiation group, and HPD-PDT group. Cell proliferation was assessed using CCK8 assay; cell apoptosis was detected by Hoechst 33258 staining and flow cytometry; cell migration and invasion abilities were evaluated using wound-healing and invasion assays; and protein and mRNA expressions were analyzed by Western blot and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) respectively. Results showed that HPD-PDT significantly inhibited cell proliferation, promoted apoptosis (P < 0.05), suppressed cell migration and invasion (P < 0.05), decreased Bcl-2 mRNA expression, and increased Bax and Caspase-9 mRNA expression(P < 0.05). Western blotting analysis indicated increased expression of Bax, Caspase-9, and E-cadherin, and decreased expression of Bcl-2, N-cadherin, and Vimentin (P < 0.05). In conclusion, 630 nm laser mediated by HPD promoted cell apoptosis via upregulation of Bax and caspase-9, and downregulation of Bcl-2, and inhibited cell migration and invasion by regulating EMT in H520 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Enhua Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Shichao Cui
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Haoyu Dai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaohui Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Cunzhi Lin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kirla H, Wu J, Hamzah J, Henry DJ. One-pot synthesis and covalent conjugation of methylene blue in mesoporous silica nanoparticles - A platform for enhanced photodynamic therapy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 245:114195. [PMID: 39232478 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging clinical modality for diverse disease conditions, including cancer. This technique involves, the generation of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species by a photosensitizer in the presence of light and oxygen. Methylene blue (MB) is a cationic dye with an ability to act as photosensitizing and bioimaging agent. The direct utilization of MB as photosensitizer for biological applications has often been impeded by its poor photostability and unwanted tissue interactions. Nanocarriers such as mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) provide an effective means of overcoming these limitations. However, the mere physical adsorption of the dye within the MSN can result in leakage, compromising the effectiveness of PDT. Therefore, in this work, we report the conjugation of MB into MSNs using novel MB-silane derivatives, namely MBS1 and MBS2, to create dye-doped and amine-functionalized MSNs (MBS1-AMSN and MBS2-AMSN). The PDT efficacy and bioimaging capability of these nanoparticles were compared with those of MSNs in which MB was non-covalently encapsulated (MB@AMSN). The synthesized nanoparticles, ultra-small in size (≤ 35 ± 4 nm) with monodispersity, exhibited enhanced fluorescence quantum yields. MBS1-AMSN demonstrated 70-fold increase, while MBS2-AMSN showed 33-fold improvement in fluorescence quantum yields compared to MB@AMSN at the same concentration. Covalent conjugation resulted in a 2-fold enhancement in the singlet oxygen quantum yield of the dye in MBS1-AMSN and 1.2-fold improvement in MBS2-AMSN, compared to non-covalent encapsulation. Assessment on RAW 264.7 macrophages revealed superior fluorescence in cell imaging for MBS1-AMSN, establishing it as a more efficient PDT agent compared to MBS2-AMSN and MB@AMSN. These findings suggest that MBS1-AMSN holds significant potential as a theranostic nanoplatform for image-guided PDT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haritha Kirla
- Chemistry and Physics, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths, Murdoch University, WA 6150, Australia; Targeted Drug Delivery, Imaging & Therapy Laboratory, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Centre for Medical Research, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Jiansha Wu
- Chemistry and Physics, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths, Murdoch University, WA 6150, Australia; Targeted Drug Delivery, Imaging & Therapy Laboratory, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Centre for Medical Research, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Juliana Hamzah
- Targeted Drug Delivery, Imaging & Therapy Laboratory, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Centre for Medical Research, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - David J Henry
- Chemistry and Physics, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths, Murdoch University, WA 6150, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang J, Zhang A, Liu S, Dong Z, Zhao J, Sun Y, Wei Q, Wang D, Wang S, Yu A, Li ZR, Yan R, Wang Y. Nanosized Porphyrin-Containing Covalent Organic Polymer to Enhance Ferroptosis in Photodynamic Treatment of Tumor Cells via Glutathione Depletion. Bioconjug Chem 2024. [PMID: 39213480 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
A porphyrin-containing nanoscale covalent organic polymer (COP) was fabricated from 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (TCPP) and cystamine via an acylation reaction. On the one hand, TCPP can induce tumor cell death by laser irradiation. Due to the presence of disulfide bonds of cystamine which can react with glutathione, it exhibits depletion of glutathione and accumulation of peroxides in tumor cells. Ultimately by the hyaluronic acid to encapsulate the COP to get S-COP@HA, the nanoparticle with a size of 168.6 nm also exhibits good tumor accumulation and biosafety. Significant inhibition of tumor cell growth was observed after two consecutive doses of S-COP@HA at relatively low laser densities. This combination therapy was proved to reduce the level of reduced glutathione in tumor cells, where ferroptosis occurs after photodynamic treatment. Overall, this study presents a potent, good therapeutic option for the effective enhancement of photodynamic therapy by glutathione depletion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Anna Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Siyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Zhipeng Dong
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Junkai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yufeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Qiuxian Wei
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Saifei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Anping Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Zhong Rui Li
- Electron Microbeam Analysis Laboratory University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ran Yan
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Patel N, Held I, Trzcinska A, Wasman J, Alagramam KN, Oleinick NL, Maronian N, Howard NS. Mucosal Injection of the Silicon Phthalocyanine Pc 4 in a Rabbit Model-A Pilot Study. Laryngoscope 2024. [PMID: 39206668 DOI: 10.1002/lary.31738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The silicon phthalocyanine Pc 4 is a photosensitizing agent previously shown to be a promising treatment for cutaneous neoplasms using photodynamic therapy (PDT). Based on prior preclinical studies, we believe Pc 4-PDT has potential as a targeted treatment of human recurrent respiratory papillomatosis or laryngeal leukoplakia by direct injection into mucosal surfaces. METHODS This was a proof-of-concept pilot study assessing direct mucosal injection of Pc 4 into buccal and vocal fold mucosae in a rabbit model. Five New Zealand white rabbits underwent tattooing of bilateral buccal mucosae to delineate injection sites, followed by submucosal injections of control and Pc 4 solutions. Rabbits were monitored for post-injection tolerance. Punch biopsies were obtained from injected mucosa and assessed histopathologically. Once the buccal mucosa was found to be tolerant, vocal folds of three rabbits were injected. The rabbits were then sacrificed, and laryngeal tissue was assessed histopathologically. RESULTS All rabbits tolerated injection of Pc 4 and control solutions into buccal mucosa with no evidence of gross visual inflammatory changes and no changes in behavior or masticatory function. Histopathologic analysis of Pc 4 injected buccal and control mucosal tissue revealed mild focal histological changes and no stigmata of diffuse inflammatory reactions. The histopathologic analysis of Pc 4 injected into laryngeal tissue revealed similar findings with addition of mild eosinophilia in one sample. CONCLUSION Direct mucosal injection of Pc 4 in rabbit buccal and vocal fold mucosae appears to be well tolerated with no gross inflammatory changes, and only mild histopathologic inflammatory changes observed. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 2024.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nilam Patel
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Isabel Held
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Anna Trzcinska
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Jay Wasman
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Kumar N Alagramam
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Nancy L Oleinick
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Nicole Maronian
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Nelson S Howard
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang F, Liu Z, Liu Y, Zhang J, Xu W, Liu B, Sun Z, Chu H. A Spatiotemporally Controlled Gene-Regulation Strategy for Combined Tumor Therapy Based on Upconversion Hybrid Nanosystem. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2405640. [PMID: 39207039 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202405640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The lack of precise spatiotemporal gene modulation and therapy impedes progress in medical applications. Herein, a 980 nm near-infrared (NIR) light-controlled nanoplatform, namely URMT, is developed, which can allow spatiotemporally controlled photodynamic therapy and trigger the enzyme-activated gene expression regulation in tumors. URMT is constructed by engineering an enzyme-activatable antisense oligonucleotide, which combined with an upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP)-based photodynamic nanosystem, followed by the surface functionalization of triphenylphosphine (TPP), a mitochondria-targeting ligand. URMT allows for the 980 nm NIR light-activated generation of reactive oxygen species, which can induce the translocation of a DNA repair enzyme (namely apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1, APE1) from the nucleus to mitochondria. APE1 can recognize the basic apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites in DNA double-strands and perform cleavage, thereby releasing the functional single-strands for gene regulation. Overall, an augmented antitumor effect is observed due to NIR light-controlled mitochondrial damage and enzyme-activated gene regulation. Altogether, the approach reported in this study offers high spatiotemporal precision and shows the potential to achieve precise and specific gene regulation for targeted tumor treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Translational Medicine Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, 9 Beiguan Street, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Zechao Liu
- College of Science, Minzu University of China, 27 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuechen Liu
- College of Science, Minzu University of China, 27 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jiayi Zhang
- Translational Medicine Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, 9 Beiguan Street, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Weizhe Xu
- Translational Medicine Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, 9 Beiguan Street, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Bei Liu
- College of Science, Minzu University of China, 27 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhaogang Sun
- Translational Medicine Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, 9 Beiguan Street, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Hongqian Chu
- Translational Medicine Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, 9 Beiguan Street, Beijing, 101149, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Niogret G, Chériaux C, Bonhomme F, Levi-Acobas F, Figliola C, Ulrich G, Gasser G, Hollenstein M. A toolbox for enzymatic modification of nucleic acids with photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy. RSC Chem Biol 2024; 5:841-852. [PMID: 39211468 PMCID: PMC11353023 DOI: 10.1039/d4cb00103f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an approved cancer treatment modality. Despite its high efficiency, PDT is limited in terms of specificity and by the poor solubility of the rather lipophilic photosensitizers (PSs). In order to alleviate these limitations, PSs can be conjugated to oligonucleotides. However, most conjugation methods often involve complex organic synthesis and result in the appendage of single modifications at the 3'/5' termini of oligonucleotides. Here, we have investigated the possibility of bioconjugating a range of known PSs by polymerase-mediated synthesis. We have prepared a range of modified nucleoside triphosphates by different conjugation methods and investigated the substrate tolerance of these nucleotides for template-dependent and -independent DNA polymerases. This method represents a mild and versatile approach for the conjugation of single or multiple PSs onto oligonucleotides and can be useful to further improve the efficiency of the PDT treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Germain Niogret
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3523, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry of Nucleic Acids 28, rue du Docteur Roux 75724 Paris Cedex 15 France
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology 75005 Paris France
| | - Camille Chériaux
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour L'Energie, L'Environnement et La Santé (ICPEES), Groupe de Chimie Organique pour Les Matériaux, La Biologie et L'Optique (COMBO), CNRS UMR 7515, École de Chimie, Polymères, Matériaux de Strasbourg (ECPM) 25, Rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02 France
| | - Frédéric Bonhomme
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3523, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Unité de Chimie Biologique Epigénétique 28, rue du Docteur Roux 75724 Paris Cedex 15 France
| | - Fabienne Levi-Acobas
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3523, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry of Nucleic Acids 28, rue du Docteur Roux 75724 Paris Cedex 15 France
| | - Carlotta Figliola
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour L'Energie, L'Environnement et La Santé (ICPEES), Groupe de Chimie Organique pour Les Matériaux, La Biologie et L'Optique (COMBO), CNRS UMR 7515, École de Chimie, Polymères, Matériaux de Strasbourg (ECPM) 25, Rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02 France
| | - Gilles Ulrich
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour L'Energie, L'Environnement et La Santé (ICPEES), Groupe de Chimie Organique pour Les Matériaux, La Biologie et L'Optique (COMBO), CNRS UMR 7515, École de Chimie, Polymères, Matériaux de Strasbourg (ECPM) 25, Rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02 France
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology 75005 Paris France
| | - Marcel Hollenstein
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3523, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry of Nucleic Acids 28, rue du Docteur Roux 75724 Paris Cedex 15 France
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Xiong Y, Lo Y, Song H, Lu J. Development of a Self-Luminescent Living Bioreactor for Enhancing Photodynamic Therapy in Breast Cancer. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:1269-1282. [PMID: 39120495 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
The penetration ability of visible light (<2 mm) and near-infrared (NIR) light (∼1 cm) remarkably impairs the therapeutic efficacy and clinical applications of photodynamic therapy (PDT). To address the limitation of light penetration depth, a novel self-luminescent bacterium, teLuc.FP-EcN, has been engineered through transfection of a fusion expression plasmid containing the luciferase gene teLuc and bright red fluorescent protein mScarlet-I into Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN). The engineered teLuc.FP-EcN can specifically target and colonize tumors without significant toxicity to the host. Acting as a continuous internal light source, teLuc.FP-EcN can activate the photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6) to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and then effectively destroy tumor tissue from the inside. As a result, a significant reduction in tumor proliferation and extension of the overall survival in mouse tumor models has been observed. Furthermore, teLuc.FP-EcN-boosted PDT amplified its therapeutic effect by activating antitumor immune response, including the conversion of M2 macrophages into pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages, as well as an increase in the proportion of CD3+ T cells and a decrease in T-cell exhaustion. In conclusion, teLuc.FP-EcN can be used as an implantable light source for tumor phototherapy, which simultaneously possesses ROS generation and immune regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanian Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yingtung Lo
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Huizhu Song
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jianzhong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kumari P, Arora S, Pan Y, Ahmed I, Kumar S, Parshad B. Tailoring Indocyanine Green J-Aggregates for Imaging, Cancer Phototherapy, and Drug Delivery: A Review. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:5121-5135. [PMID: 39039943 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Indocyanine green J-aggregates (ICG-Jagg) have emerged as a significant subject of interest in biomedical applications due to their unique optical properties, tunable size, and excellent biocompatibility. This comprehensive review aims to provide an in-depth exploration of ICG-Jagg, with a focus on elucidating the diverse facets of their preparation and the factors that influence the preparation process. Additionally, the review discusses their applications in biomedical diagnostics, such as imaging and contrast agents, as well as their utilization in drug delivery and various phototherapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Deenbandhu Chhoturam University of Science and Technology, Sonipat 131039, Murthal, India
| | - Smriti Arora
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Organische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Yuanwei Pan
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
| | - Ishtiaq Ahmed
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Deenbandhu Chhoturam University of Science and Technology, Sonipat 131039, Murthal, India
| | - Badri Parshad
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Alieva RT, Ulasov AV, Khramtsov YV, Slastnikova TA, Lupanova TN, Gribova MA, Georgiev GP, Rosenkranz AA. Optimization of a Modular Nanotransporter Design for Targeted Intracellular Delivery of Photosensitizer. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:1083. [PMID: 39204428 PMCID: PMC11360004 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16081083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Modular nanotransporters (MNTs) are drug delivery systems for targeted cancer treatment. As MNTs are composed of several modules, they offer the advantage of high specificity and biocompatibility in delivering drugs to the target compartment of cancer cells. The large carrier module brings together functioning MNT modules and serves as a platform for drug attachment. The development of smaller-sized MNTs via truncation of the carrier module appears advantageous in facilitating tissue penetration. In this study, two new MNTs with a truncated carrier module containing either an N-terminal (MNTN) or a C-terminal (MNTC) part were developed by genetic engineering. Both new MNTs demonstrated a high affinity for target receptors, as revealed by fluorescent-labeled ligand-competitive binding. The liposome leakage assay proved the endosomolytic activity of MNTs. Binding to the importin heterodimer of each truncated MNT was revealed by a thermophoresis assay, while only MNTN possessed binding to Keap1. Finally, the photodynamic efficacy of the photosensitizer attached to MNTN was significantly higher than when attached to either MNTC or the original MNTs. Thus, this work reveals that MNT's carrier module can be truncated without losing MNT functionality, favoring the N-terminal part of the carrier module due to its ability to bind Keap1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rena T. Alieva
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov St., 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey V. Ulasov
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov St., 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri V. Khramtsov
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov St., 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana A. Slastnikova
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov St., 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana N. Lupanova
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov St., 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria A. Gribova
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov St., 119334 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory St., 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Georgii P. Georgiev
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov St., 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey A. Rosenkranz
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov St., 119334 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory St., 119234 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kazemi KS, Kazemi P, Mivehchi H, Nasiri K, Eshagh Hoseini SS, Nejati ST, Pour Bahrami P, Golestani S, Nabi Afjadi M. Photodynamic Therapy: A Novel Approach for Head and Neck Cancer Treatment with Focusing on Oral Cavity. Biol Proced Online 2024; 26:25. [PMID: 39154015 PMCID: PMC11330087 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-024-00252-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral cancers, specifically oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), pose a significant global health challenge, with high incidence and mortality rates. Conventional treatments such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have limited effectiveness and can result in adverse reactions. However, as an alternative, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a promising option for treating oral cancers. PDT involves using photosensitizing agents in conjunction with specific light to target and destroy cancer cells selectively. The photosensitizers accumulate in the cancer cells and generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon exposure to the activating light, leading to cellular damage and ultimately cell death. PDT offers several advantages, including its non-invasive nature, absence of known long-term side effects when administered correctly, and cost-effectiveness. It can be employed as a primary treatment for early-stage oral cancers or in combination with other therapies for more advanced cases. Nonetheless, it is important to note that PDT is most effective for superficial or localized cancers and may not be suitable for larger or deeply infiltrating tumors. Light sensitivity and temporary side effects may occur but can be managed with appropriate care. Ongoing research endeavors aim to expand the applications of PDT and develop novel photosensitizers to further enhance its efficacy in oral cancer treatment. This review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of PDT in treating oral cancers by analyzing a combination of preclinical and clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimia Sadat Kazemi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Kazemi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Hassan Mivehchi
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Kamyar Nasiri
- Faculty of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Shayan Golestani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental School, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Nabi Afjadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Fornasier M, Krautforst K, Kulbacka J, Jönsson P, Murgia S, Bazylińska U. Cubosomes and hexosomes stabilized by sorbitan monooleate as biocompatible nanoplatforms against skin metastatic human melanoma. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 677:842-852. [PMID: 39173516 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.08.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Nanoparticles have become versatile assets in the medical field, providing notable benefits across diverse medical arenas including controlled drug delivery, imaging, and immunological assays. Among these, non-lamellar lipid nanoparticles, notably cubosomes and hexosomes, showcase remarkable biocompatibility and stability, rendering them as optimal choices for theranostic applications. Particularly, incorporating edge activators like sodium taurocholate enhances the potential of these nanoparticles for dermal and transdermal drug delivery, overcoming the stratum corneum, a first line of defense in our skin. This study reports on the formulation of monoolein-based cubosomes and hexosomes incorporating taurocholate and stabilized by Span 80 and co-encapsulating Chlorin e6 and coenzyme QH for photodynamic therapy in skin metastatic melanoma. The formulations were optimized using small-angle X-ray scattering, and cryo-transmission electron microscopy confirmed the presence of cubosomes or hexosomes, depending on the ratio between taurocholate and Span 80. Furthermore, the co-loaded nanoparticles exhibited high encapsulation efficiencies for both Ce6 and the coenzyme QH. In vitro studies on human melanoma cells (Me45) demonstrated the biocompatibility and photodynamic activity of the loaded formulations. These findings show the possibility of formulating more biocompatible cubosomes and hexosomes for photodynamic therapy in skin cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fornasier
- Department of Chemistry, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Karolina Krautforst
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, s.s. 554 bivio Sestu, I-09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy; Department of Physical and Quantum Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland; CSGI, Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211 A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; Department of Immunology and Bioelectrochemistry, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariškių 5, 08410 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Peter Jönsson
- Department of Chemistry, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sergio Murgia
- CSGI, Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy; Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria Monserrato, S.P. 8 Km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Urszula Bazylińska
- Department of Physical and Quantum Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kejík Z, Hajduch J, Abramenko N, Vellieux F, Veselá K, Fialová JL, Petrláková K, Kučnirová K, Kaplánek R, Tatar A, Skaličková M, Masařík M, Babula P, Dytrych P, Hoskovec D, Martásek P, Jakubek M. Cyanine dyes in the mitochondria-targeting photodynamic and photothermal therapy. Commun Chem 2024; 7:180. [PMID: 39138299 PMCID: PMC11322665 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01256-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysregulation plays a significant role in the carcinogenesis. On the other hand, its destabilization strongly represses the viability and metastatic potential of cancer cells. Photodynamic and photothermal therapies (PDT and PTT) target mitochondria effectively, providing innovative and non-invasive anticancer therapeutic modalities. Cyanine dyes, with strong mitochondrial selectivity, show significant potential in enhancing PDT and PTT. The potential and limitations of cyanine dyes for mitochondrial PDT and PTT are discussed, along with their applications in combination therapies, theranostic techniques, and optimal delivery systems. Additionally, novel approaches for sonodynamic therapy using photoactive cyanine dyes are presented, highlighting advances in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Kejík
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 252 50 Vestec, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 455, 120 00, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Hajduch
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 252 50 Vestec, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 455, 120 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nikita Abramenko
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 252 50 Vestec, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 455, 120 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Frédéric Vellieux
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 252 50 Vestec, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 455, 120 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Veselá
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 252 50 Vestec, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 455, 120 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Kateřina Petrláková
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Kučnirová
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 252 50 Vestec, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 455, 120 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Kaplánek
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 252 50 Vestec, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 455, 120 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ameneh Tatar
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 252 50 Vestec, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 455, 120 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Skaličková
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 252 50 Vestec, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 455, 120 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Masařík
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 252 50 Vestec, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 455, 120 00, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Babula
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Dytrych
- 1st Department of Surgery-Department of Abdominal, Thoracic Surgery and Traumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, U Nemocnice 2, 121 08, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Hoskovec
- 1st Department of Surgery-Department of Abdominal, Thoracic Surgery and Traumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, U Nemocnice 2, 121 08, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Martásek
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 455, 120 00, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Milan Jakubek
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 252 50 Vestec, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 455, 120 00, Prague, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Shalata W, Gothelf I, Bernstine T, Michlin R, Tourkey L, Shalata S, Yakobson A. Mental Health Challenges in Cancer Patients: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Depression and Anxiety. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2827. [PMID: 39199598 PMCID: PMC11352929 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16162827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Advancements in cancer treatment and early detection have extended survival rates, transforming many cancers into chronic conditions. However, cancer diagnosis and treatment can trigger significant psychological distress, including depression and anxiety, impacting patient outcomes and care. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of and identify the risk factors for depression and anxiety among cancer patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted, including patients under the care of the oncology department at a tertiary medical center between June 2021 and October 2023. Depression and anxiety were assessed using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) short forms. Logistic regression analysis identified risk factors for depression and anxiety. The study population included 159 patients, with 40.3% reporting worsening mental health, but only about half of them received therapy. Among the study participants, 22.6% experienced symptoms of depression and 30.2% experienced symptoms of anxiety. Single-cancer patients and those with metastases were at increased risk for depression, while those with a disease duration of more than a year and patients with female-specific cancer were more likely to experience anxiety. Given the high prevalence of mental health deterioration in cancer patients, closer monitoring and validated assessment tools are essential to improve depression and anxiety diagnosis and facilitate early interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walid Shalata
- The Legacy Heritage Oncology Center & Dr. Larry Norton Institute, Soroka Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Itamar Gothelf
- Goldman Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Tomer Bernstine
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 13115, Israel
| | - Regina Michlin
- The Legacy Heritage Oncology Center & Dr. Larry Norton Institute, Soroka Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Lena Tourkey
- The Legacy Heritage Oncology Center & Dr. Larry Norton Institute, Soroka Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Sondos Shalata
- Nutrition Unit, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya 22000, Israel
| | - Alexander Yakobson
- The Legacy Heritage Oncology Center & Dr. Larry Norton Institute, Soroka Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ma M, Luo L, Liu L, Ding Y, Dong Y, Fang B. Synthesis of Coumarin-Based Photosensitizers for Enhanced Antibacterial Type I/II Photodynamic Therapy. Molecules 2024; 29:3793. [PMID: 39202872 PMCID: PMC11357021 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29163793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective method for treating microbial infections by leveraging the unique photophysical properties of photosensitizing agents, but issues such as fluorescence quenching and the restricted generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under hypoxic conditions still remain. In this study, we successfully synthesized and designed a coumarin-based aggregation-induced emission luminogen (AIEgen), called ICM, that shows a remarkable capacity for type I ROS and type II ROS generation. The 1O2 yield of ICM is 0.839. The ROS it produces include hydroxyl radicals (HO•) and superoxide anions (O2•-), with highly effective antibacterial properties specifically targeting Staphylococcus aureus (a Gram-positive bacterium). Furthermore, ICM enables broad-spectrum fluorescence imaging and exhibits excellent biocompatibility. Consequently, ICM, as a potent type I photosensitizer for eliminating pathogenic microorganisms, represents a promising tool in addressing the threat posed by these pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (M.M.); (L.L.); (Y.D.); (Y.D.)
| | - Lili Luo
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (M.M.); (L.L.); (Y.D.); (Y.D.)
| | - Libing Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (M.M.); (L.L.); (Y.D.); (Y.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuxuan Ding
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (M.M.); (L.L.); (Y.D.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yixuan Dong
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (M.M.); (L.L.); (Y.D.); (Y.D.)
| | - Bing Fang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (M.M.); (L.L.); (Y.D.); (Y.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Riebe J, Bädorf B, Löffelsender S, Gutierrez Suburu ME, Rivas Aiello MB, Strassert CA, Grimme S, Niemeyer J. Molecular folding governs switchable singlet oxygen photoproduction in porphyrin-decorated bistable rotaxanes. Commun Chem 2024; 7:171. [PMID: 39112693 PMCID: PMC11306352 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01247-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Rotaxanes are mechanically interlocked molecules where a ring (macrocycle) is threaded onto a linear molecule (thread). The position of the macrocycle on different stations on the thread can be controlled in response to external stimuli, making rotaxanes applicable as molecular switches. Here we show that bistable rotaxanes based on the combination of a Zn(II) tetraphenylporphyrin photosensitizer, attached to the macrocycle, and a black-hole-quencher, attached to the thread, are capable of singlet oxygen production which can be switched on/off by the addition of base/acid. However, we found that only a sufficiently long linker between both stations on the thread enabled switchability, and that the direction of switching was inversed with regard to the original design. This unexpected behavior was attributed to intramolecular folding of the rotaxanes, as indicated by extensive theoretical calculations. This evidences the importance to take into account the conformational flexibility of large molecular structures when designing functional switchable systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Riebe
- Faculty of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry) and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Benedikt Bädorf
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstrasse 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sarah Löffelsender
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstrasse 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Matias E Gutierrez Suburu
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, CeNTech, CiMIC, SoN, Universität Münster, Heisenbergstr. 11, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - María Belén Rivas Aiello
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, CeNTech, CiMIC, SoN, Universität Münster, Heisenbergstr. 11, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Cristian A Strassert
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, CeNTech, CiMIC, SoN, Universität Münster, Heisenbergstr. 11, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstrasse 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Jochen Niemeyer
- Faculty of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry) and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45141, Essen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Tang X, Li Y, Zhu T, Lv L, Liu J. Low-dose X-ray stimulated NO-releasing nanocomposites for closed-loop dual-mode cancer therapy. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:4211-4225. [PMID: 38980700 DOI: 10.1039/d4bm00593g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
X-ray-excited photodynamic therapy (X-PDT) employs X-rays as an energy source, overcoming the light penetration limitations of traditional photodynamic therapy (PDT) but is constrained by high-energy radiation and the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Low-dose X-ray-excited photodynamic therapy and reduction of mitochondrial oxygen consumption can serve as significant breakthroughs in overcoming these barriers. In this study, NaLuF4:Tb/Gd (15%/5%)@NaYF4 (ScNP) nanoparticles adsorbing the photosensitizer MC540 and loaded with α-(nitrate ester) acid (NEAA) were prepared as low X-ray dose triggered nano-scintillators. The final product obtained was NaLuF4:Tb/Gd (15%/5%)@NaYF4@mSiO2@MC540@NEAA (ScNP-MS@MC540@NEAA) nanocomposites, which exhibited intense green luminescence. X-PDT generates cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) with minimal ionizing radiation damage. Simultaneously, NEAA reacts with glutathione (GSH) to generate nitric oxide (NO) for gaseous treatment of the damaged mitochondrial respiratory chain to reduce oxygen consumption and alleviate hypoxia, enhancing the X-PDT efficacy and realizing a closed-loop treatment. The superoxide ions (˙O2-) can rapidly react with NO produced to form the highly cytotoxic reactive nitrogen species (RNS) peroxynitrite anion (ONOO-), which exhibits higher cytotoxicity compared to ROS. Furthermore, GSH scavenges toxic ROS and maintains the physiological function of tumor cells. It can induce cancer cell overoxidation and nitrosative stress. This work describes a low-dose X-ray-triggered X-PDT system with total radiation of 50 mGy, which involves GSH consumption, self-supplied NO, mitochondrial damage alleviation, and hypoxia relief to generate ROS and RNS, forming a closed-loop anti-hypoxia dual-mode system with synergistically enhanced anti-tumor effects, without significant biological side effects. It provides a promising platform for deep-seated tumor X-PDT with considerable application prospects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Tang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China.
| | - Yong Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China.
| | - Tao Zhu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China.
| | - Longhao Lv
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China.
| | - Jinliang Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sonkin D, Thomas A, Teicher BA. Cancer treatments: Past, present, and future. Cancer Genet 2024; 286-287:18-24. [PMID: 38909530 PMCID: PMC11338712 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2024.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
There is a rich history of cancer treatments which provides a number of important lessons for present and future cancer therapies. We outline this history by looking in the past, reviewing the current landscape of cancer treatments, and by glancing at the potential future cancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy Sonkin
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
| | - Anish Thomas
- National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Beverly A Teicher
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wang F, Song Y, Xu H, Liu J, Tang F, Yang D, Yang D, Liang W, Ren L, Wang J, Luo X, Zhou Y, Zeng X, Dan H, Chen Q. Prediction of the short-term efficacy and recurrence of photodynamic therapy in the treatment of oral leukoplakia based on deep learning. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 48:104236. [PMID: 38851310 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The treatment of oral leukoplakia (OLK) with aminolaevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) is widespread. Nonetheless, there is variation in efficacy. Therefore, this study constructed a model for predicting the short-term efficacy and recurrence of OLK after ALA-PDT. METHODS The short-term efficacy and recurrence of ALA-PDT were calculated by statistical analysis, and the relevant influencing factors were analyzed by Logistic regression and COX regression model. Finally, prediction models for total response (TR) rate, complete response (CR) rate and recurrence in OLK patients after ALA-PDT treatment were established. Features from pathology sections were extracted using deep learning autoencoder and combined with clinical variables to improve prediction performance of the model. RESULTS The logistic regression analysis showed that the non-homogeneous (OR: 4.911, P: 0.023) OLK and lesions with moderate to severe epithelial dysplasia (OR: 4.288, P: 0.042) had better short-term efficacy. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of CR, TR and recurrence predict models after the ALA-PDT treatment of OLK patients is 0.872, 0.718, and 0.564, respectively. Feature extraction revealed an association between inflammatory cell infiltration in the lamina propria and recurrence after PDT. Combining clinical variables and deep learning improved the performance of recurrence model by more than 30 %. CONCLUSIONS ALA-PDT has excellent short-term efficacy in the management of OLK but the recurrence rate was high. Prediction model based on clinicopathological characteristics has excellent predictive effect for short-term efficacy but limited effect for recurrence. The use of deep learning and pathology images greatly improves predictive value of the models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Yansong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Hao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Fan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, PR China
| | - Dan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Dan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Wenhui Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Ling Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Jiongke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Xiaobo Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Xin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
| | - Hongxia Dan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Cardoso M, Marto CM, Paula A, Coelho AS, Amaro I, Pineiro M, Pinho E Melo TMVD, Marques Ferreira M, Botelho MF, Carrilho E, Laranjo M. Effectiveness of photodynamic therapy on treatment response and survival in patients with recurrent oral squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 48:104242. [PMID: 38857775 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This systematic review assessed the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in patients with recurrent oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS Clinical studies on recurrent OSCC treated with PDT alone were included. Combined treatment strategies were excluded. The search was performed on Medline/Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science and ClinicalTrials.gov, manual search, and grey literature. RESULTS The eleven included studies were observational. The risk of bias and methodological quality were evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. The studies reported the use of hematoporphyrin derivative, PhotofrinⓇ, FoscanⓇ and 5-aminolevulinic acid. Data on treatment response and survival was collected. Secondarily, postoperative courses and patient's quality of life/acceptance were reported whenever available. PhotofrinⓇ and FoscanⓇ were the most used photosensitisers, with more complete responses. Lesions responding less favourably were on posterior regions or deep-seated in the tissue. CONCLUSIONS Although treatment response differs between treatment protocols, PDT stands as a viable treatment option to be considered, as it can achieve therapeutic results and disease-free, long-lasting periods. Partial treatment responses may be of interest when achieving eligibility for other treatment strategies. Despite this study's limitations, which considered four photosensitisers, PhotofrinⓇ was the most used but more recent photosensitisers like FoscanⓇ have greater chemical stability, tissue penetration, and may be more efficacious on recurrent OSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Cardoso
- Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Pólo III - Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Coimbra, 3000-548, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Pólo III - Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Coimbra, 3000-548, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Chemistry Centre - Institute of Molecular Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Rua Larga, Coimbra, 3004-535, Portugal.
| | - Carlos Miguel Marto
- Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Pólo III - Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Coimbra, 3000-548, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Pólo III - Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Coimbra, 3000-548, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, Institute of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Pólo III - Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Coimbra, 3000-548, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice and Laboratory for Evidence-based Science and Precision Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Av. Bissaya Barreto, Bloco de Celas, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Rua Larga, Coimbra, 3004-504, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Praceta Professor Mota Pinto, Coimbra, 3004-561, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, CEMMPRE, ARISE, Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anabela Paula
- Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Pólo III - Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Coimbra, 3000-548, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice and Laboratory for Evidence-based Science and Precision Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Av. Bissaya Barreto, Bloco de Celas, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Rua Larga, Coimbra, 3004-504, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Praceta Professor Mota Pinto, Coimbra, 3004-561, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, CEMMPRE, ARISE, Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Coelho
- Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Pólo III - Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Coimbra, 3000-548, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice and Laboratory for Evidence-based Science and Precision Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Av. Bissaya Barreto, Bloco de Celas, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Rua Larga, Coimbra, 3004-504, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Praceta Professor Mota Pinto, Coimbra, 3004-561, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, CEMMPRE, ARISE, Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês Amaro
- Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Pólo III - Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Coimbra, 3000-548, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice and Laboratory for Evidence-based Science and Precision Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Av. Bissaya Barreto, Bloco de Celas, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Rua Larga, Coimbra, 3004-504, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Praceta Professor Mota Pinto, Coimbra, 3004-561, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, CEMMPRE, ARISE, Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marta Pineiro
- Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Chemistry Centre - Institute of Molecular Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Rua Larga, Coimbra, 3004-535, Portugal
| | - Teresa M V D Pinho E Melo
- Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Chemistry Centre - Institute of Molecular Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Rua Larga, Coimbra, 3004-535, Portugal
| | - Manuel Marques Ferreira
- Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Pólo III - Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Coimbra, 3000-548, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Rua Larga, Coimbra, 3004-504, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Praceta Professor Mota Pinto, Coimbra, 3004-561, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, CEMMPRE, ARISE, Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, Institute of Endodontics, Faculty of Medicine, Av. Bissaya Barreto, Bloco de Celas, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Filomena Botelho
- Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Pólo III - Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Coimbra, 3000-548, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Pólo III - Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Coimbra, 3000-548, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Rua Larga, Coimbra, 3004-504, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Praceta Professor Mota Pinto, Coimbra, 3004-561, Portugal
| | - Eunice Carrilho
- Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Pólo III - Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Coimbra, 3000-548, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice and Laboratory for Evidence-based Science and Precision Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Av. Bissaya Barreto, Bloco de Celas, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Rua Larga, Coimbra, 3004-504, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Praceta Professor Mota Pinto, Coimbra, 3004-561, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, CEMMPRE, ARISE, Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Laranjo
- Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Pólo III - Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Coimbra, 3000-548, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Pólo III - Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Coimbra, 3000-548, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Rua Larga, Coimbra, 3004-504, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Praceta Professor Mota Pinto, Coimbra, 3004-561, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Chota A, Abrahamse H, George BP. Green synthesis and characterization of AgNPs, liposomal loaded AgNPs and ZnPcS 4 photosensitizer for enhanced photodynamic therapy effects in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 48:104252. [PMID: 38901719 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer remains a formidable challenge in oncology despite significant advancements in treatment modalities. Conventional therapies such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and hormonal therapy have been the mainstay in managing breast cancer for decades. However, a subset of patient's experiences treatment failure, leading to disease recurrence and progression. Therefore, this study investigates the therapeutic potential of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using an African medicinal plant (Dicoma anomala methanol root extract) as a reducing agent for combating breast cancer. AgNPs were synthesized using the bottom-up approach and later modified with liposomes (Lip) loaded with photosensitizer (PS) zinc phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate (Lip@ZnPcS4) using thin film hydration method. The successful formation and Lip modification of AgNPs, alongside ZnPcS4, were confirmed through various analytical techniques including UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Following a 24 h treatment period, MCF-7 cells were assessed for viability using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT viability assay), cell death analysis using mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) (ΔΨm), Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-propidium iodide (PI) kit, and caspase- 3, 8 and 9 activities. The experiments were repeated four times (n = 4), and the results were analyzed using SPSS statistical software version 27, with a confidence interval set at 0.95. The synthesized nanoparticles and nanocomplex, including AgNPs, AgNPs-Lip, Lip@ZnPcS4, and AgNPs-Lip@ZnPcS4, exhibited notable cytotoxicity and therapeutic efficacy against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Notably, the induction of apoptosis, governed by the upregulation of apoptotic proteins i.e., caspase 8 and 9 activities. In addition, caspase 3 was not expressed by MCF-7 cells in both control and experimental groups. Given the challenging prognosis associated with breast cancer, the findings underscore the promise of liposomal nanoformulations in cancer photodynamic therapy (PDT), thus warranting further exploration in clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Chota
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Blassan P George
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lu F, Li L, Zhang M, Yu C, Pan Y, Cheng F, Hu W, Lu X, Wang Q, Fan Q. Confined semiconducting polymers with boosted NIR light-triggered H 2O 2 production for hypoxia-tolerant persistent photodynamic therapy. Chem Sci 2024; 15:12086-12097. [PMID: 39092116 PMCID: PMC11290442 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01609b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia featured in malignant tumors and the short lifespan of photo-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) are two major issues that limit the efficiency of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in oncotherapy. Developing efficient type-I photosensitizers with long-term ˙OH generation ability provides a possible solution. Herein, a semiconducting polymer-based photosensitizer PCPDTBT was found to generate 1O2, ˙OH, and H2O2 through type-I/II PDT paths. After encapsulation within a mesoporous silica matrix, the NIR-II fluorescence and ROS generation are enhanced by 3-4 times compared with the traditional phase transfer method, which can be attributed to the excited-state lifetime being prolonged by one order of magnitude, resulting from restricted nonradiative decay channels, as confirmed by femtosecond spectroscopy. Notably, H2O2 production reaches 15.8 μM min-1 under a 730 nm laser (80 mW cm-2). Further adsorption of Fe2+ ions on mesoporous silica not only improves the loading capacity of the chemotherapy drug doxorubicin but also triggers a Fenton reaction with photo-generated H2O2 in situ to produce ˙OH continuously after the termination of laser irradiation. Thus, semiconducting polymer-based nanocomposites enables NIR-II fluorescence imaging guided persistent PDT under hypoxic conditions. This work provides a promising paradigm to fabricate persistent photodynamic therapy platforms for hypoxia-tolerant phototheranostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Lili Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Chengwu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yonghui Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Fangfang Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Wenbo Hu
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 China
| | - Xiaomei Lu
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
- Zhengzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Quli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications Nanjing 210023 China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ren S, Xu Y, Dong X, Mu Q, Chen X, Yu Y, Su G. Nanotechnology-empowered combination therapy for rheumatoid arthritis: principles, strategies, and challenges. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:431. [PMID: 39034407 PMCID: PMC11265020 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02670-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease with multifactorial etiology and intricate pathogenesis. In RA, repeated monotherapy is frequently associated with inadequate efficacy, drug resistance, and severe side effects. Therefore, a shift has occurred in clinical practice toward combination therapy. However, conventional combination therapy encounters several hindrances, including low selectivity to arthritic joints, short half-lives, and varying pharmacokinetics among coupled drugs. Emerging nanotechnology offers an incomparable opportunity for developing advanced combination therapy against RA. First, it allows for co-delivering multiple drugs with augmented physicochemical properties, targeted delivery capabilities, and controlled release profiles. Second, it enables therapeutic nanomaterials development, thereby expanding combination regimens to include multifunctional nanomedicines. Lastly, it facilitates the construction of all-in-one nanoplatforms assembled with multiple modalities, such as phototherapy, sonodynamic therapy, and imaging. Thus, nanotechnology offers a promising solution to the current bottleneck in both RA treatment and diagnosis. This review summarizes the rationale, advantages, and recent advances in nano-empowered combination therapy for RA. It also discusses safety considerations, drug-drug interactions, and the potential for clinical translation. Additionally, it provides design tips and an outlook on future developments in nano-empowered combination therapy. The objective of this review is to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying combination therapy for RA and unlock the maximum potential of nanotechnology, thereby facilitating the smooth transition of research findings from the laboratory to clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shujing Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong, 226000, PR China
| | - Yuhang Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226000, PR China
| | - Xingpeng Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226000, PR China
| | - Qingxin Mu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong, 226000, PR China.
| | - Yanyan Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226000, PR China.
| | - Gaoxing Su
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226000, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Cheng Z, Benson S, Mendive-Tapia L, Nestoros E, Lochenie C, Seah D, Chang KY, Feng Y, Vendrell M. Enzyme-Activatable Near-Infrared Hemicyanines as Modular Scaffolds for in vivo Photodynamic Therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404587. [PMID: 38717316 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy is an anti-cancer treatment that requires illumination of photosensitizers to induce local cell death. Current near-infrared organic photosensitizers are built from large and non-modular structures that cannot be tuned to improve safety and minimize off-target toxicity. This work describes a novel chemical platform to generate enzyme-activatable near-infrared photosensitizers. We optimized the Se-bridged hemicyanine scaffold to include caging groups and biocompatible moieties, and generated cathepsin-triggered photosensitizers for effective ablation of human glioblastoma cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that enzyme-activatable Se-bridged hemicyanines are effective photosensitizers for the safe ablation of microtumors in vivo, creating new avenues in the chemical design of targeted anti-cancer photodynamic therapy agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Cheng
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Edinburgh, UK
- IRR Chemistry Hub, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sam Benson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Edinburgh, UK
- IRR Chemistry Hub, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lorena Mendive-Tapia
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Edinburgh, UK
- IRR Chemistry Hub, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Eleni Nestoros
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Edinburgh, UK
- IRR Chemistry Hub, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Charles Lochenie
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Edinburgh, UK
- IRR Chemistry Hub, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Deborah Seah
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Edinburgh, UK
- IRR Chemistry Hub, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kai Yee Chang
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yi Feng
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Edinburgh, UK
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marc Vendrell
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Edinburgh, UK
- IRR Chemistry Hub, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lem O, Gangurde P, Koivuniemi A, Keskinen A, Efimov A, Durandin N, Laaksonen T. Far-red light-triggered cargo release from liposomes b ound to a photosensitizer-cellulose nanofiber hydrogel. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 336:122134. [PMID: 38670761 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
In our research we used the anionic nanofibrillar cellulose (ANFC) as a platform for far-red light-induced release of cargo from liposomes. In contrast to previous works, where photosensitizers are usually in the liposomal bilayers, we used a cellulose-binding dye. Our phthalocyanine derivative has been shown to bind very strongly to cellulose and cellulose nanofiber hydrogels, allowing us to place it outside of the liposomes. Both the sensitizer and cationic liposomes bind strongly to the ANFC after mixing, making the system easy to fabricate. Upon light activation, the photosensitizer generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) within the ANFC hydrogel, where the reactive oxygen species oxidize unsaturated lipids in the liposomal membrane, which makes the liposomes more permeable, resulting in on-demand cargo release. We were able to achieve ca. 70 % release of model hydrophilic cargo molecule calcein from the hydrogels with a relatively low dose of light (262 J/cm2) while employing the straightforward fabrication techniques. Our system was remarkably responsive to the far-red light (730 nm), enabling deep tissue penetration. Therefore, this very promising novel cellulose-immobilized photosensitizer liposomal platform could be used as a controlled drug delivery system, which can have applications in externally activated coatings or implants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Lem
- Tampere University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere, Finland
| | - Puja Gangurde
- University of Helsinki, Faculty of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Artturi Koivuniemi
- University of Helsinki, Faculty of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aleksi Keskinen
- Tampere University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere, Finland
| | - Alexander Efimov
- Tampere University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Nikita Durandin
- Tampere University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Timo Laaksonen
- Tampere University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere, Finland; University of Helsinki, Faculty of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Helsinki, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Aebisher D, Serafin I, Batóg-Szczęch K, Dynarowicz K, Chodurek E, Kawczyk-Krupka A, Bartusik-Aebisher D. Photodynamic Therapy in the Treatment of Cancer-The Selection of Synthetic Photosensitizers. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:932. [PMID: 39065781 PMCID: PMC11279632 DOI: 10.3390/ph17070932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising cancer treatment method that uses photosensitizing (PS) compounds to selectively destroy tumor cells using laser light. This review discusses the main advantages of PDT, such as its low invasiveness, minimal systemic toxicity and low risk of complications. Special attention is paid to photosensitizers obtained by chemical synthesis. Three generations of photosensitizers are presented, starting with the first, based on porphyrins, through the second generation, including modified porphyrins, chlorins, 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and its derivative hexyl aminolevulinate (HAL), to the third generation, which is based on the use of nanotechnology to increase the selectivity of therapy. In addition, current research trends are highlighted, including the search for new photosensitizers that can overcome the limitations of existing therapies, such as heavy-atom-free nonporphyrinoid photosensitizers, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) or photosensitizers with a near-infrared (NIR) absorption peak. Finally, the prospects for the development of PDTs are presented, taking into account advances in nanotechnology and biomedical engineering. The references include both older and newer works. In many cases, when writing about a given group of first- or second-generation photosensitizers, older publications are used because the properties of the compounds described therein have not changed over the years. Moreover, older articles provide information that serves as an introduction to a given group of drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Aebisher
- Department of Photomedicine and Physical Chemistry, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Iga Serafin
- Students English Division Science Club, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | | | - Klaudia Dynarowicz
- Center for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Ewa Chodurek
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jedności 8 Str., 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Kawczyk-Krupka
- Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Batorego 15 Street, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
| | - Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher
- Department of Biochemistry and General Chemistry, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Liu R, Qian Y. Near-infrared BODIPY photosensitizers for two-photon excited singlet oxygen generation and tumor cell photodynamic therapy. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:5569-5577. [PMID: 38887040 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00706a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, two near-infrared BODIPY photosensitizers, Id-BDPI and Cz-BDPI, were obtained by modifying the indole and carbazole aromatic heterocycles in the core of BODIPY. The maximum absorption wavelengths of Id-BDPI and Cz-BDPI were 694 nm and 722 nm, and their singlet oxygen yields were 48% and 48.4%, respectively. In the simulated tumor cell photodynamic therapy, Id-BDPI and Cz-BDPI could effectively inhibit the growth of A549 tumor cells under near-infrared light. Meanwhile, the lysosomal co-localization coefficients of Id-BDPI and Cz-BDPI with A549 tumor cells were 0.94 and 0.89, respectively, showing high lysosomal targeting ability and biocompatibility. The two-photon absorption cross sections measured at 1050 nm by the Z-scanning method were 661.8 GM and 715.6 GM, respectively, and Cz-BDPI was further successfully applied to two-photon fluorescence imaging and two-photon excited singlet oxygen generation in zebrafish. The above results indicate that the introduction of aromatic heterocycles can effectively enhance the photodynamic efficacy of BODIPY photosensitizers, and the larger two-photon absorption cross section also brings potential for two-photon photodynamic therapy applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruibo Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
| | - Ying Qian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Becceneri AB, Martin MT, Graminha AE, Cominetti MR, Ford PC, Santana da Silva R. The effect of light irradiation on a nitro-ruthenium porphyrin complex in the induced death of lung cancer cells in two- and three-dimensional cultures: Insights into the effect of nitric oxide. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:11264-11275. [PMID: 38695514 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00381k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Efforts to find compounds selectively affecting cancer cells while sparing normal ones have continued to grow. Nitric oxide (NO) is critical in physiology and pathology, including cancer. It influences cellular processes like proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. The intricate interaction of NO with cancer cells offers innovative treatment possibilities, but its effects can vary by concentration and site. Ruthenium complexes capable of releasing NO upon stimulation show for this purpose. These versatile compounds can also enhance photodynamic therapy (PDT), a light-activated approach, which induces cellular damage. Ruthenium-based photosensitizers (PSs), delivering NO and producing reactive oxygen species (ROS), offer a novel strategy for improved cancer treatments. In this study, a nitro-ruthenium porphyrin conjugate: {TPyP[Ru(NO2)(bpy)2]4}(PF6)4, designated RuNO2TPyP, which releases NO upon irradiation, was investigated for its effects on lung cells (non-tumor MRC-5 and tumor A549) in 2D and 3D cell cultures. The findings suggest that this complex has potential for PDT treatment in lung cancer, as it exhibits photocytotoxicity at low concentrations without causing cytotoxicity to normal lung cells. Moreover, treatment of cells with RuNO2TPyP followed by light irradiation (4 J cm-2) can induce apoptosis, generate ROS, promote intracellular NO formation, and has anti-migratory effects. Additionally, the complex can modify tumor cell structures and induce photocytotoxicity and apoptosis in a 3D culture. These outcomes are attributed to the internalization of the complex and its subsequent activation upon light irradiation, resulting in NO release and singlet oxygen production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Blanque Becceneri
- Laboratory of Photochemistry and Bioinorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. do Café, Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-903, Brazil.
| | - Matheus Torelli Martin
- Laboratory of Photochemistry and Bioinorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. do Café, Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-903, Brazil.
| | - Angelica Ellen Graminha
- Laboratory of Photochemistry and Bioinorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. do Café, Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-903, Brazil.
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, Av. Prof. Francisco Degni, 55, 14800-900, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcia Regina Cominetti
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís, Km 235, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Peter C Ford
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93110-9510, USA
| | - Roberto Santana da Silva
- Laboratory of Photochemistry and Bioinorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. do Café, Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-903, Brazil.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93110-9510, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zhou W, Jiang Z, Lin X, Chen Y, Wu Q, Chen J, Zhang F, Xie G, Zhang Y, Lin J, Guo N. Preparation of MPN@Zein-PpIX Membrane and Its Antibacterial Properties. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:29274-29281. [PMID: 39005804 PMCID: PMC11238231 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
For antibacterial purposes, a photothermal and photodynamic antibacterial membrane was prepared through electrospinning. We used zein as the substrate and introduced Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) into the protein structure. Then, we used electrospinning technology to weave the modified zein into a fiber structure. We finally introduced a metallic polyphenol network (MPN) coating on the fiber surface to form the final membrane: MPN@Zein-PpIX. Then, we investigated the photothermal and photodynamic properties of the membrane and assessed its antibacterial activity with in vitro agar plate counting methods. The MPN@Zein-PpIX membrane exhibited good singlet oxygen generation and excellent photothermal conversion. Additionally, it showed good antibacterial capacity in vitro, owing to the combination of photothermal and photodynamic properties. Our research provides a simple approach to prepare a multifunctional membrane with excellent antibacterial ability. We used the electrospinning technique to anchor PpIX onto zein to produce a fiber membrane (Zein-PpIX) that can be adhered in situ to improve the biocompatibility of PpIX, and the MPN makes the membrane surface more hydrophilic and more accessible to adhere to biological tissues. The MPN@Zein-PpIX membrane provided new ideas for combining PDT and PTT, and it had great potential for use in the antibacterial application field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhong Zhou
- The
First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital; School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523000, China
| | - Zhonghao Jiang
- The
First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital; School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523000, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- The
First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital; School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523000, China
| | - Yanan Chen
- The
First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital; School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523000, China
| | - Quanxin Wu
- The
First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital; School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523000, China
| | - Jia Chen
- The
First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital; School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523000, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- The
First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital; School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523000, China
| | - Guolie Xie
- The
First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital; School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523000, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- South
China Institute of Collaborative Innovation, Dongguan 523000, China
- Guangdong
Dongguan Quality Supervision Testing Center, Dongguan 523000, China
| | - Jiantao Lin
- The
First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital; School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523000, China
| | - Ning Guo
- The
First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital; School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523000, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Giannakopoulos E, Katopodi A, Rallis M, Politopoulos K, Alexandratou E. The effect of low-dose photodynamic therapy using the photosensitizer chloroaluminum phthalocyanine on a scratch wound model in skin fibroblasts. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024:e202400033. [PMID: 38962832 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202400033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Different approaches on wound healing have been developed over the years but they suffer from high costs and adverse effects for the patients. The current paper was designed to study low dose PDT, a novel healing approach, in an in vitro fibroblasts wound healing model. Chloroaluminum phthalocyanine (AlClPc) was used as photosensitizer and was activated by a red diode laser at 661 nm. After PDT optimization, wound closure rate and reactive oxygen species were quantified by image processing and analysis. Our results revealed that wound healing rates were significantly higher in PDT treated groups than in the control. Additionally, the study revealed that a prolonged ROS increase did not promote wound closure, while a small increase acted as a trigger, resulting in faster wound closure. Concluding, low dose PDT using AlClPc enhances wound healing in vitro in a ROS dependent manner, allowing the assumption of similar positive effects in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Efstathios Giannakopoulos
- Laboratory of Biomedical Optics and Applied Biophysics, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Annita Katopodi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Michail Rallis
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Politopoulos
- Laboratory of Biomedical Optics and Applied Biophysics, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Alexandratou
- Laboratory of Biomedical Optics and Applied Biophysics, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Dutta J, Bera A, Upadhyay A, Yadav AK, Banerjee S, Sarkar T, Hussain A. Photoactivated Anticancer Activity of Cobalt(III) Complexes with Naturally Occurring Flavonoids Chrysin and Silibinin. Chembiochem 2024:e202400484. [PMID: 38962951 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Photoactive metal complexes of bioessential transition metal ions with natural chelators are gaining interest as photocytotoxic agents for cancer photodynamic therapy (PDT). We report six new cobalt(III) complexes with a mixed-ligand formulation [Co(B)2(L)](ClO4)2 (Co1-Co6), where B represents a N,N-donor α-diimine ligand, namely, phenanthroline (phen; Co1, Co2), dipyrido[3,2-d:2',3'-f]quinoxaline (dpq; Co3, Co4), and dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine (dppz; Co5, Co6), and L is the monoanionic form of the naturally occurring flavonoids chrysin (chry; Co1, Co3, Co5) and silibinin (sili; Co2, Co4, Co6). Complexes displayed a d-d absorption band within 500-700 nm and exhibited excellent dark and photostability in solution. Cytotoxicity studies indicated significant activity of Co5 and Co6 against cervical (HeLa) and lung (A549) cancer cells under visible light (400-700 nm) irradiation giving low micromolar IC50 values (2.3-3.4 μM, phototoxicity index~15-30). The complexes demonstrated notably low toxicity against normal HPL1D lung epithelial cells. Flow cytometry assay revealed an apoptotic mode of cell damage triggered by the complexes when irradiated. ROS generation assay indicated the involvement of singlet oxygen species in the cell death mechanism when irradiated with light. Overall, complexes Co5 and Co6 with coordinated dipyridophenazine and flavonoid ligands are potential candidates for cancer PDT applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jyotirmoy Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Handique Girls' College, Guwahati, Assam, 781001, India
| | - Arpan Bera
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560012, India
| | - Aarti Upadhyay
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560012, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Samya Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Tukki Sarkar
- Department of Fluoro-Agrochemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | - Akhtar Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Handique Girls' College, Guwahati, Assam, 781001, India
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Andrés CMC, Pérez de la Lastra JM, Bustamante Munguira E, Andrés Juan C, Pérez-Lebeña E. Anticancer Activity of Metallodrugs and Metallizing Host Defense Peptides-Current Developments in Structure-Activity Relationship. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7314. [PMID: 39000421 PMCID: PMC11242492 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
This article provides an overview of the development, structure and activity of various metal complexes with anti-cancer activity. Chemical researchers continue to work on the development and synthesis of new molecules that could act as anti-tumor drugs to achieve more favorable therapies. It is therefore important to have information about the various chemotherapeutic substances and their mode of action. This review focuses on metallodrugs that contain a metal as a key structural fragment, with cisplatin paving the way for their chemotherapeutic application. The text also looks at ruthenium complexes, including the therapeutic applications of phosphorescent ruthenium(II) complexes, emphasizing their dual role in therapy and diagnostics. In addition, the antitumor activities of titanium and gold derivatives, their side effects, and ongoing research to improve their efficacy and reduce adverse effects are discussed. Metallization of host defense peptides (HDPs) with various metal ions is also highlighted as a strategy that significantly enhances their anticancer activity by broadening their mechanisms of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - José Manuel Pérez de la Lastra
- Institute of Natural Products and Agrobiology, CSIC-Spanish Research Council, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, 3, 38206 La Laguna, Spain
| | | | - Celia Andrés Juan
- Cinquima Institute and Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Valladolid University, Paseo de Belén, 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Qi J, Amrutha AS, Ishida-Ishihara S, Dokainish HM, Hashim PK, Miyazaki R, Tsuda M, Tanaka S, Tamaoki N. Caging Bioactive Triarylimidazoles: An Approach to Create Visible Light-Activatable Drugs. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:18002-18010. [PMID: 38905195 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Imidazoles are crucial structural components in a variety of small-molecule inhibitors designed to target different kinases in anticancer treatment. However, the effectiveness of such inhibitors is often hampered by nonspecific effects and the development of resistance. Photopharmacology provides a compelling solution by enabling external control over drug activity with spatiotemporal precision. Herein, we introduce a novel strategy for caging bioactive triarylimidazole-based drug molecules. This approach involves introducing a dialkylamino group as a photoremovable group on the carbon atom of the imidazole ring, which intrinsically modulates the core structure from planar imidazole to tetrahedral 2H-imidazole, enabling the caged compound to be selectively uncaged upon visible light exposure. We applied this innovative caging technique to SB431542, a triarylimidazole-based small-molecule inhibitor that targets the pivotal TGF-β signaling pathway, the dysregulation of which is linked to several human diseases, including cancer. Our results demonstrated the selective inhibition of human breast cancer cell migration in vitro upon light activation, highlighting the potential of our approach to transform triarylimidazole-based drug molecules into visible light-activatable drugs, thereby facilitating spatiotemporal regulation of their pharmacological activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Qi
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 20, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Ammathnadu S Amrutha
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 20, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Sumire Ishida-Ishihara
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Hisham M Dokainish
- Center of Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 6, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
| | - P K Hashim
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 20, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Ryu Miyazaki
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Masumi Tsuda
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Shinya Tanaka
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Tamaoki
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 20, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Wood-Yang AJ, Gerberich BG, Prausnitz MR. Computational modelling of scleral photocrosslinking: from rat to minipig to human. J R Soc Interface 2024; 21:20240111. [PMID: 39081249 PMCID: PMC11289678 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2024.0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Selective scleral crosslinking has been proposed as a novel treatment to increase scleral stiffness to counteract biomechanical changes associated with glaucoma and high myopia. Scleral stiffening has been shown by transpupillary peripapillary scleral photocrosslinking in rats, where the photosensitizer, methylene blue (MB), was injected retrobulbarly and red light initiated crosslinking reactions with collagen. Here, we adapted a computational model previously developed to model this treatment in rat eyes to additionally model MB photocrosslinking in minipigs and humans. Increased tissue length and subsequent diffusion and light penetration limitations were found to be barriers to achieving the same extent of crosslinking as in rats. Per cent inspired O2, injected MB concentration and laser fluence were simultaneously varied to overcome these limitations and used to determine optimal combinations of treatment parameters in rats, minipigs and humans. Increasing these three treatment parameters simultaneously resulted in maximum crosslinking, except in rats, where the highest MB concentrations decreased crosslinking. Additionally, the kinetics and diffusion of photocrosslinking reaction intermediates and unproductive side products were modelled across space and time. The model provides a mechanistic understanding of MB photocrosslinking in scleral tissue and a basis for adapting and screening treatment parameters in larger animal models and, eventually, human eyes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy J. Wood-Yang
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA30332, USA
| | - Brandon G. Gerberich
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA30332, USA
| | - Mark R. Prausnitz
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA30332, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA30332, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Pereira de Godoy LM, Pereira de Godoy HJ, Pereira de Godoy JM. Cross-Over Study Evaluating Photobiomodulation in Pain Control in the Lower Limb. Cureus 2024; 16:e64914. [PMID: 39035599 PMCID: PMC11259089 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.64914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Photobiomodulation is an emerging treatment modality in dermatology, with increasing use in doctors' offices. Photobiomodulation is the use of various light sources in the red light (620-700 nm) and near-infrared (700-1440 nm) spectrums as a form of light therapy. Objective The objective of the present study was to evaluate the use of photobiomodulation to improve pain in patients who take analgesics daily for chronic non-arterial leg ulcers. Method A cohort trial was performed with 20 patients to evaluate the improvement in pain, patient tolerance to treatment, and evolution of chronic, difficult-to-heal leg ulcers treated with low-frequency laser. Data were entered into a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, US). Statistical analysis used the Stats Direct 3 program with significance being set at an alpha error of 5% (p-value <0.05). Results An improvement in pain immediately after the first session was experienced by 18/20 patients; these patients remained pain-free for at least four days. One patient had suffered much pain during the entire day; a biopsy with culture and antibiogram was performed with the pain improving after treating an infection with appropriate antibiotics. However, one other case reported no improvement in the pain. Conclusion Photobiomodulation is an optional adjuvant therapy to improve pain in the treatment of chronic, difficult-to-heal leg ulcers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Maria Pereira de Godoy
- Dermatology, Instituto Lauro Souza de Lima-Bauru-Brazil, São José do Rio Preto, BRA
- Research, Clínica Godoy, São José do Rio Preto, BRA
| | - Henrique Jose Pereira de Godoy
- Vascular Surgery, Faculdade de Mediocina de Sao Jose do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, BRA
- General Practice, Clínica Godoy, São José do Rio Preto, BRA
| | - Jose Maria Pereira de Godoy
- Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculdade de Mediocina de Sao Jose do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, BRA
- Angiology and Vascular Surgery, Clínica Godoy, São José do Rio Preto, BRA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kong Q, Zhu Z, Xu Q, Yu F, Wang Q, Gu Z, Xia K, Jiang D, Kong H. Nature-Inspired Thylakoid-Based Photosynthetic Nanoarchitectures for Biomedical Applications. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2301143. [PMID: 38040986 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
"Drawing inspiration from nature" offers a wealth of creative possibilities for designing cutting-edge materials with improved properties and performance. Nature-inspired thylakoid-based nanoarchitectures, seamlessly integrate the inherent structures and functions of natural components with the diverse and controllable characteristics of nanotechnology. These innovative biomaterials have garnered significant attention for their potential in various biomedical applications. Thylakoids possess fundamental traits such as light harvesting, oxygen evolution, and photosynthesis. Through the integration of artificially fabricated nanostructures with distinct physical and chemical properties, novel photosynthetic nanoarchitectures can be catalytically generated, offering versatile functionalities for diverse biomedical applications. In this article, an overview of the properties and extraction methods of thylakoids are provided. Additionally, the recent advancements in the design, preparation, functions, and biomedical applications of a range of thylakoid-based photosynthetic nanoarchitectures are reviewed. Finally, the foreseeable challenges and future prospects in this field is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qunshou Kong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, The Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zhimin Zhu
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qin Xu
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Feng Yu
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Qisheng Wang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Zhihua Gu
- Shanghai Pudong TCM Hospital, Shanghai, 201205, China
| | - Kai Xia
- Shanghai Frontier Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai, 201108, China
- Xiangfu Laboratory, Jiashan, 314102, China
- Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Dawei Jiang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, The Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Huating Kong
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Chota A, George BP, Abrahamse H. Apoptotic efficiency of Dicoma anomala biosynthesized silver nanoparticles against A549 lung cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116845. [PMID: 38810403 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the common forms of cancer that affects both men and women and is regarded as the leading cause of cancer related deaths. It is characterized by unregulated cell division of altered cells within the lung tissues. Green nanotechnology is a promising therapeutic option that is adopted in cancer research. Dicoma anomala (D. anomala) is one of the commonly used African medicinal plant in the treatment of different medical conditions including cancer. In the present study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using D. anomala MeOH root extract. We evaluated the anticancer efficacy of the synthesized AgNPs as an individual treatment as well as in combination with pheophorbide a (PPBa) mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) in vitro. UV-VIS spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was used to confirm the formation of D.A AgNPs. Post 24 h treatment, A549 cells were evaluated for ATP proliferation, morphological changes supported by LIVE/DEAD assay, and caspase activities. All experiments were repeated four times (n=4), with findings being analysed using SPSS statistical software version 27 set at 0.95 confidence interval. The results from the present study revealed a dose-dependent decrease in cell proliferation in both individual and combination therapy of PPBa mediated PDT and D.A AgNPs on A549 lung cancer cells with significant morphological changes. Additionally, LIVE/DEAD assay displayed a significant increase in the number of dead cell population in individual treatments (i.e., IC50's treated A549 cells) as well as in combination therapy. In conclusion, the findings from this study demonstrated the anticancer efficacy of green synthesized AgNPs as a mono-therapeutic drug as well as in combination with a chlorophyll derivative PPBa in PDT. Taken together, the findings highlight the therapeutic potential of green nanotechnology in medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Chota
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 1711, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
| | - Blassan P George
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 1711, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa.
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 1711, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Alfei S, Schito GC, Schito AM, Zuccari G. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-Mediated Antibacterial Oxidative Therapies: Available Methods to Generate ROS and a Novel Option Proposal. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7182. [PMID: 39000290 PMCID: PMC11241369 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens causes difficult-to-treat infections with long-term hospitalizations and a high incidence of death, thus representing a global public health problem. To manage MDR bacteria bugs, new antimicrobial strategies are necessary, and their introduction in practice is a daily challenge for scientists in the field. An extensively studied approach to treating MDR infections consists of inducing high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by several methods. Although further clinical investigations are mandatory on the possible toxic effects of ROS on mammalian cells, clinical evaluations are extremely promising, and their topical use to treat infected wounds and ulcers, also in presence of biofilm, is already clinically approved. Biochar (BC) is a carbonaceous material obtained by pyrolysis of different vegetable and animal biomass feedstocks at 200-1000 °C in the limited presence of O2. Recently, it has been demonstrated that BC's capability of removing organic and inorganic xenobiotics is mainly due to the presence of persistent free radicals (PFRs), which can activate oxygen, H2O2, or persulfate in the presence or absence of transition metals by electron transfer, thus generating ROS, which in turn degrade pollutants by advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). In this context, the antibacterial effects of BC-containing PFRs have been demonstrated by some authors against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, thus giving birth to our idea of the possible use of BC-derived PFRs as a novel method capable of inducing ROS generation for antimicrobial oxidative therapy. Here, the general aspects concerning ROS physiological and pathological production and regulation and the mechanism by which they could exert antimicrobial effects have been reviewed. The methods currently adopted to induce ROS production for antimicrobial oxidative therapy have been discussed. Finally, for the first time, BC-related PFRs have been proposed as a new source of ROS for antimicrobial therapy via AOPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Alfei
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano, 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy
| | - Gian Carlo Schito
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Schito
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Guendalina Zuccari
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano, 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Guarnieri T. Light Sensing beyond Vision: Focusing on a Possible Role for the FICZ/AhR Complex in Skin Optotransduction. Cells 2024; 13:1082. [PMID: 38994936 PMCID: PMC11240502 DOI: 10.3390/cells13131082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Although our skin is not the primary visual organ in humans, it acts as a light sensor, playing a significant role in maintaining our health and overall well-being. Thanks to the presence of a complex and sophisticated optotransduction system, the skin interacts with the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum and with ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Following a brief overview describing the main photosensitive molecules that detect specific electromagnetic radiation and their associated cell pathways, we analyze their impact on physiological functions such as melanogenesis, immune response, circadian rhythms, and mood regulation. In this paper, we focus on 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ), a photo oxidation derivative of the essential amino acid tryptophan (Trp). This molecule is the best endogenous agonist of the Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR), an evolutionarily conserved transcription factor, traditionally recognized as a signal transducer of both exogenous and endogenous chemical signals. Increasing evidence indicates that AhR is also involved in light sensing within the skin, primarily due to its ligand FICZ, which acts as both a chromophore and a photosensitizer. The biochemical reactions triggered by their interaction impact diverse functions and convey crucial data to our body, thus adding a piece to the complex puzzle of pathways that allow us to decode and elaborate environmental stimuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Guarnieri
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research in Life Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo "Mauro Picone", Via dei Taurini 19, 00185 Roma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|