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Zou J, Wang P, Xu H, Gan X, Zhang H, Chen L, Chen H, Wang F, Hu Y, Liu Y. Metabolic profile and bioactivity of the peel of Zhoupigan ( Citrus reticulata cv. Manau Gan), a special citrus variety in China, based on GC-MS, UPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis, and in vitro assay. Food Chem X 2024; 23:101719. [PMID: 39224696 PMCID: PMC11367054 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Zhoupigan (Citrus reticulata cv. Manau Gan) is a local citrus variety in China. Its peel, known as Zangju peel (ZJP). The metabolic profile and bioactivity of ZJP have not been adequately studied, resulting in underutilization of ZJP and a serious waste of resources. In this study, GC-MS identified 46 components in ZJP, which defined ZJP's distinct aroma. Furthermore, UPLC-ESI-MS/MS detected 1506 metabolites in ZJP, and the differential metabolites were primarily involved in the biosynthesis of flavonoids and phenylacetone. Additionally, 56 key differential metabolites with metabolic pathways were identified. ZJP had significant antioxidant activity and the enzyme inhibitory activity ranking as pancreatic lipase (IC50 = 3.71 mg/mL) > α-glucosidase (IC50 = 6.28 mg/mL) > α-amylase (IC50 = 8.02 mg/mL). This study aimed to evaluate the potential of ZJP as natural antioxidant and functional food source and to serve as foundation for the further development of ZJP products with specific functional attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang Zou
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Huanhuan Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xuelian Gan
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Huangsheng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Hongping Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Fu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Youping Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu 611137, China
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2
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Assaggaf H, El Hachlafi N, Elbouzidi A, Taibi M, Alnasser SM, Bendaif H, Aalilou Y, Qasem A, Attar A, Bouyahya A, Ardianto C, Ming LC, Goh KW, Fikri-Benbrahim K, Mrabti HN. Exploring the antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory potential of Lavandula officinalis essential oil: In vitro and in silico insights. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34135. [PMID: 39170293 PMCID: PMC11336354 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants have been utilized for centuries in traditional medicine systems worldwide, providing a rich source of bioactive compounds with diverse biological activities. Lavandula officinalis, a member of the Lamiaceae family, has been recognized for its multifaceted pharmacological activities. In this current investigation, our primary objective was to scrutinize the in vitro inhibitory potential of L. officinalis essential oil (LOEO) against alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase, with the aim of understanding its antidiabetic effects. Additionally, the assay encompassed tyrosinase and lipoxygenase (LOX) to assess its anti-inflammatory attributes. Unraveling the underlying molecular mechanisms of these activities prompted an in-silico study. The purpose was to establish correlations between in-vitro observations and computational insights derived from molecular docking, which forecasts the interaction of LOEO molecules with their respective targets, alongside ADMET prediction. The Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis allow to identify eighteen compounds, with the dominance of L-camphor (43.12 %), 1,8-cineole (34.27 %) and borneol (8.60 %) in LOEO. The antidiabetic evaluation revealed that LOEO exhibited noteworthy inhibitory activity against both α-amylase and α-glucosidase, displaying IC50 values of 3.14 ± 0.05 mg/mL and 2.07 ± 0.03 mg/mL, respectively. The subsequent in-silico study highlighted the particularly strong binding affinity of (E)-Farnesene, with a binding score of -7.4 kcal/mol for alpha-glucosidase, while Germacrene D displayed the highest affinity among the ligands (-7.9 kcal/mol) for the alpha-amylase target. Furthermore, the investigation into in vitro anti-inflammatory activity unveiled LOEO efficacy against tyrosinase (IC50 = 42.74 μg/mL) and LOX (IC50 = 11.58 ± 0.07 μg/mL). The in-silico analysis echoed these findings, indicating α-Cadinene's notable binding affinity of 6 kcal/mol with tyrosinase and α-Cedrene's binding score of -6.5 kcal/mol for LOX. Impressively, for both COX-1 and COX-2, α-Cedrene exhibited significant binding affinities of -7.6 and -7.3 kcal/mol, respectively. The convergence between the in vitro and in silico outcomes underscores the potential of LOEO and its constituent compounds as potent inhibitors targeting both diabetes and the inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Assaggaf
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naoufal El Hachlafi
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies Faculty, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, P.O. Box 2202, Imouzzer Road, Fez, Morocco
- Laboratories of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Analysis Research Team, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Amine Elbouzidi
- Laboratoire d’Amélioration des Productions Agricoles, Biotechnologie et Environnement (LAPABE), Faculté des Sciences, Morocco des Sciences, Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda, 60000, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Taibi
- Laboratoire d’Amélioration des Productions Agricoles, Biotechnologie et Environnement (LAPABE), Faculté des Sciences, Morocco des Sciences, Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda, 60000, Morocco
- Centre de l’Oriental des Sciences et Technologies de l’Eau et de l’Environnement (COSTEE), Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda, 60000, Morocco
| | - Sulaiman Mohammed Alnasser
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim, 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hajar Bendaif
- Laboratoire des Ressources Naturelles et Environnement, Faculté Polydisciplinaire de Taza, Morocco
| | - Youssra Aalilou
- Laboratories of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Analysis Research Team, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Ahmed Qasem
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ammar Attar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, 10106, Morocco
| | - Chrismawan Ardianto
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City, 47500, Malaysia
- Pengiran Anak Puteri Rashidah Sa'adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Kawtar Fikri-Benbrahim
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies Faculty, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, P.O. Box 2202, Imouzzer Road, Fez, Morocco
| | - Hanae Naceiri Mrabti
- High Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques Casablanca, Casablanca, 20250, Morocco
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Engineering and Biotechnology, Euromed University of Fes (UEMF), Meknes Road, Fez, 30000, Morocco
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Pandey P, Khan F, Ramniwas S, Saeed M, Ahmad I. A mechanistic review of the pharmacological potential of narirutin: a dietary flavonoid. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:5449-5461. [PMID: 38457040 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03022-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Flavanones, a type of polyphenol, are found in substantial amounts in citrus fruits. When high- or moderate-dose orange juice consumption occurs, flavanones make up a significant portion of the total polyphenols in plasma. Disaccharide derivative narirutin, mainly dihydroxy flavanone, is found in citrus fruits. The substantial chemotherapeutic potential of narirutin has been amply demonstrated by numerous experimental studies. Consequently, the purpose of this study is to compile the research that has already been done showing narirutin to be a promising anticancer drug, with its mechanism of action being documented in treatment plans for various cancer forms. Narirutin functions in a variety of cancer cells by regulating several pathways that include cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, antiangiogenic, antimetastatic, and DNA repair. Narirutin has been shown to modify many molecular targets linked to the development of cancer, including drug transporters, cell cycle mediators, transcription factors, reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, and inflammatory cytokines. Taken together, these reviews offer important new information about narirutin's potential as a potent and promising drug candidate for use in medicines, functional foods, dietary supplements, nutraceuticals, and other products targeted at improving the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Pandey
- University Centre for Research and Development, University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Fahad Khan
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India.
| | - Seema Ramniwas
- University Centre for Research and Development, University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Mohd Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Xu D, Liu D, Jiang N, Xie Y, He D, Cheng J, Liu J, Fu S, Hu G. Narirutin mitigates dextrose sodium sulfate-induced colitis in mice by modulating intestinal flora. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 130:155730. [PMID: 38759313 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a prolonged inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. Current therapeutic options remain limited, underscoring the imperative to explore novel therapeutic strategies. Narirutin (NR), a flavonoid naturally present in citrus fruits, exhibits excellent anti-inflammatory effects in vitro, yet its in vivo efficacy, especially in UC, remains underexplored. OBJECTIVE This work examined the effect of NR on dextrose sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced UC in mice in vivo, with a specific focus on the role of gut flora in it. METHODS The effects of NR (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg) on DSS-induced UC in mice were investigated by monitoring changes in body weight, disease activity index (DAI) scores, colon length, and histological damage. Colonic levels of pro-inflammatory mediators, tight junction (TJ) proteins, and inflammation-related signaling pathway proteins were analyzed via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blot, and immunofluorescence. The role of gut microbiota in NR against colitis was analyzed through 16S rRNA sequencing, flora clearance assays, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) assays. RESULTS NR administration suppressed DSS-induced colitis as reflected in a decrease in body weight loss, DAI score, colon length shortening, and histological score. Furthermore, NR administration preserved the integrity of the DSS-induced intestinal barrier by inhibiting the reduction of TJ proteins (claudin3, occludin, and zonula occludens-1). Moreover, NR administration markedly repressed the activation of the toll-like receptor 4-mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor-κB pathway and reduced the amount of pro-inflammatory mediators in the colon. Importantly, the results of 16S rRNA sequencing showed that the intestinal flora of mice with colitis exhibited richer microbial diversity following NR administration, with elevated abundance of Lactobacillaceae (Lactobacillus) and decreased abundance of Bacteroidaceae (Bacteroides) and Shigella. In addition, the anti-colitis effect of NR almost disappeared after gut flora clearance. Further FMT assay also validated this gut flora-dependent protective mechanism of NR. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that NR is a prospective natural compound for the management of UC by modulating intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianwen Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Dianfeng Liu
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Naiyuan Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yachun Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Dewei He
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ji Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Juxiong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Shoupeng Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Guiqiu Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
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5
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Im ST, Kang H, Kim J, Kim SR, Kim KN, Lee SH. Narirutin-Rich Celluclast Extract from Mandarin ( Citrus unshiu) Peel Alleviates High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity and Promotes Energy Metabolism in C57BL/6 Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4475. [PMID: 38674060 PMCID: PMC11049868 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mandarin peel, a main by-product from the processing of citrus juice, has been highlighted for its various bioactivities and functional ingredients. Our previous study proved the inhibitory effects of Celluclast extract from mandarin peel (MPCE) on lipid accumulation and differentiation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Therefore, the current study aimed to evaluate the anti-obesity effect of MPCE in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis exhibited that narirutin and hesperidin are the main active components of MPCE. Our current results showed that MPCE supplementation decreased adiposity by reducing body and organ weights in HFD-induced obese mice. MPCE also reduced triglyceride (TG), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and leptin contents in the serum of HFD-fed mice. Moreover, MPCE significantly inhibited hepatic lipid accumulation by regulating the expression levels of proteins associated with lipid metabolism, including sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP1c), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). Furthermore, MPCE administration significantly inhibited both adipogenesis and lipogenesis, with modulation of energy metabolism by activating 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and lipolytic enzymes such as hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) in the white adipose tissue (WAT). Altogether, our findings indicate that MPCE improves HFD-induced obesity and can be used as a curative agent in pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals to alleviate obesity and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Tae Im
- Department of Medical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea;
| | - Heejoo Kang
- ILHAE Co., Ltd., Jeju 695962, Republic of Korea; (H.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Jusang Kim
- ILHAE Co., Ltd., Jeju 695962, Republic of Korea; (H.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Song-Rae Kim
- Metropolitan Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kil-Nam Kim
- Gwangju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwangju 61751, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seung-Hong Lee
- Department of Medical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
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Lam TP, Tran NVN, Pham LHD, Lai NVT, Dang BTN, Truong NLN, Nguyen-Vo SK, Hoang TL, Mai TT, Tran TD. Flavonoids as dual-target inhibitors against α-glucosidase and α-amylase: a systematic review of in vitro studies. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2024; 14:4. [PMID: 38185713 PMCID: PMC10772047 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-023-00424-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus remains a major global health issue, and great attention is directed at natural therapeutics. This systematic review aimed to assess the potential of flavonoids as antidiabetic agents by investigating their inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase and α-amylase, two key enzymes involved in starch digestion. Six scientific databases (PubMed, Virtual Health Library, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and WHO Global Index Medicus) were searched until August 21, 2022, for in vitro studies reporting IC50 values of purified flavonoids on α-amylase and α-glucosidase, along with corresponding data for acarbose as a positive control. A total of 339 eligible articles were analyzed, resulting in the retrieval of 1643 flavonoid structures. These structures were rigorously standardized and curated, yielding 974 unique compounds, among which 177 flavonoids exhibited inhibition of both α-glucosidase and α-amylase are presented. Quality assessment utilizing a modified CONSORT checklist and structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis were performed, revealing crucial features for the simultaneous inhibition of flavonoids against both enzymes. Moreover, the review also addressed several limitations in the current research landscape and proposed potential solutions. The curated datasets are available online at https://github.com/MedChemUMP/FDIGA .
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Affiliation(s)
- Thua-Phong Lam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, 75105, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ngoc-Vi Nguyen Tran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, 75105, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Long-Hung Dinh Pham
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Nghia Vo-Trong Lai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Bao-Tran Ngoc Dang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ngoc-Lam Nguyen Truong
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Song-Ky Nguyen-Vo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thuy-Linh Hoang
- California Northstate University College of Pharmacy, California, 95757, USA
| | - Tan Thanh Mai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Thanh-Dao Tran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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Hu Z, Wang X, Hu Q, Chen X. Exploring the protective effects of herbal monomers against diabetic retinopathy based on the regulation of autophagy and apoptosis: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35541. [PMID: 37904448 PMCID: PMC10615407 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) has become one of the top 3 blinding eye diseases in the world. In spite of recent therapeutic breakthroughs, it is not yet possible to cure DR through pharmacotherapy. Cell death is thought to play a key role in the pathogenesis of DR. Moderate modulation of cellular autophagy and inhibition of apoptosis have been identified as effective targets for the treatment of DR. Numerous phytochemicals have emerged as potential new drugs for the treatment of DR. We collected basic DR research on herbal monomers through keywords such as autophagy and apoptosis, and conducted a systematic search for relevant research articles published in the PubMed database. This review provides the effects and reports of herbal monomers on various DR cellular and animal models in vivo and in vitro in the available literature, and emphasizes the importance of cellular autophagy and apoptosis as current DR therapeutic targets. Based on our review, we believe that herbal monomers that modulate autophagy and inhibit apoptosis may be potentially effective candidates for the development of new drugs in the treatment of DR. It provides a strategy for further development and application of herbal medicines for DR treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoyu Hu
- Department of ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Graduate School of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Hu
- Department of ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangdong Chen
- Department of ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
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8
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Wang Y, Li S, Yan Z, Zhang L. Computational Insights into Novel Inhibitor N-(3-( tert-Butylcarbamoyl)-4-methoxyphenyl)-indole and Ingliforib Specific against GP Isoenzyme Dimers Interaction Mechanism. Molecules 2023; 28:4909. [PMID: 37446571 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28134909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The high conservation of the three subtypes of glycogen phosphorylase (GP) presents significant challenges for specific inhibitor studies targeting GP. Our prior screening revealed that compound 1 exhibited unequal inhibitory activity against the three GP subtypes, with a noticeable effect against brain GP (PYGB). The commercially available ingliforib demonstrated potent inhibitory activity specifically against liver GP (PYGL). To guide the further design and screening of high-specificity inhibitors, the possible reasons for the differential inhibitory activity of two compounds against different GP subtypes were analyzed, with ingliforib as a reference, through molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. Initially, the study predicted the binding modes of ligands with the three GP receptor subtypes using molecular docking. Subsequently, this was validated by molecular dynamics experiments, and possible amino acid residues that had important interactions were explored. The strong correlation between the calculated interaction free energies and experimental inhibitory activity implied the reasonable binding conformations of the compounds. These findings offer insight into the different inhibitory activity of compound 1 and ingliforib against all three GP subtypes and provide guidance for the design of specific target molecules that regulate subtype selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youde Wang
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Development of Hebei Province, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Development of Hebei Province, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, China
| | - Zhiwei Yan
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Development of Hebei Province, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, China
| | - Liying Zhang
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Development of Hebei Province, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, China
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Stabrauskiene J, Marksa M, Ivanauskas L, Viskelis P, Viskelis J, Bernatoniene J. Citrus × paradisi L. Fruit Waste: The Impact of Eco-Friendly Extraction Techniques on the Phytochemical and Antioxidant Potential. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051276. [PMID: 36904275 PMCID: PMC10005199 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrus fruits have been the subject of extensive research over the years due to their impressive antioxidant properties, the health benefits of flavanones, and their potential use in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. Grapefruit have been shown in studies to improve overall health, with numerous potential benefits, including improved heart health, reduced risk of certain cancers, improved digestive health, and improved immune system function. The development of cyclodextrin complexes is an exciting approach to increasing the content of flavanones such as naringin and naringenin in the extraction medium while improving the profile of beneficial phenolic compounds and the antioxidant profile. This research aims to optimize the extraction conditions of the flavanones naringin and naringenin with additional compounds to increase their yield from different parts of grapefruit (Citrus × paradisi L.) fruits, such as albedo and segmental membranes. In addition, the total content of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and the antioxidant activity of ethanolic extracts produced conventionally and with -cyclodextrin was examined and compared. In addition, antioxidant activity was measured using the radical scavenging activity assay (ABTS), radical scavenging activity assay (DPPH), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods. The yield of naringin increased from 10.53 ± 0.52 mg/g to 45.56 ± 5.06 mg/g to 51.11 ± 7.63 mg/g of the segmental membrane when cyclodextrins (α, β-CD) were used; naringenin increased from 65.85 ± 10.96 μg/g to 91.19 ± 15.19 μg/g of the segmental membrane when cyclodextrins (α, β-CD) were used. Furthermore, the results showed that cyclodextrin-assisted extraction had a significant impact in significantly increasing the yield of flavanones from grapefruit. In addition, the process was more efficient and less expensive, resulting in higher yields of flavanones with a lower concentration of ethanol and effort. This shows that cyclodextrin-assisted extraction is an excellent method for extracting valuable compounds from grapefruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolita Stabrauskiene
- Department of Drug Technology and Social Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Mindaugas Marksa
- Department of Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Liudas Ivanauskas
- Department of Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Pranas Viskelis
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Horticulture, LT-54333 Babtai, Lithuania
| | - Jonas Viskelis
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Horticulture, LT-54333 Babtai, Lithuania
| | - Jurga Bernatoniene
- Department of Drug Technology and Social Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +370-6006-3349
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10
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Deaconu M, Prelipcean AM, Brezoiu AM, Mitran RA, Isopencu G, Matei C, Berger D. Novel Collagen-Polyphenols-Loaded Silica Composites for Topical Application. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020312. [PMID: 36839635 PMCID: PMC9962153 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Lesions can affect skin functions and cause a simple issue, such as dehydration, or more challenging complications, such as bacterial infections. The purpose of this study was to design composites for topical application that can prevent and/or assist in bacterial infections and support cell regeneration using natural components. A polyphenolic extract obtained from Salvia officinalis was embedded in functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles for better stability, followed by their distribution into a collagen porous scaffold. The resulting polyphenols-loaded MSN exhibited enhanced antibacterial activity and good cytocompatibility. Improved thermal stability of the collagen porous scaffold was obtained due to the presence of the functionalized MSN. For the first time, collagen-polyphenols-loaded silica composites were reported in the literature as potential wound dressings. The newly developed composites showed excellent sterility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Deaconu
- CAMPUS Research Institute, University “Politehnica” of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University “Politehnica” of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Prelipcean
- National Institute of R&D for Biological Sciences, 296 Splaiul Independetei, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.-M.P.); (D.B.)
| | - Ana-Maria Brezoiu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University “Politehnica” of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Raul-Augustin Mitran
- “Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry, Romanian Academy, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriela Isopencu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University “Politehnica” of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Matei
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University “Politehnica” of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniela Berger
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University “Politehnica” of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.-M.P.); (D.B.)
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11
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Lamichhane G, Pandey J, Devkota HP. Bioactive Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of Ponciri Fructus. Molecules 2022; 28:255. [PMID: 36615447 PMCID: PMC9821892 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ponciri Fructus is a crude drug obtained from the dried immature fruits of Poncirus trifoliata (L). Raf. (Syn. Citrus trifoliata L.). This study aims to compile and analyze the ethnomedicinal uses, bioactive constituents, and pharmacological activities of Ponciri Fructus. Various online bibliographic databases namely, SciFinder, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science were used for collecting information on traditional uses, biological activities, and bioactive constituents. Concerning ethnomedicinal uses, Ponciri Fructus is extensively used in traditional Korean, Chinese, and Kampo medicines to mitigate allergic reactions, inflammation, edema, digestive complications, respiratory problems, spleen-related problems, liver complications, neuronal pain, hyperlipidemia, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular problems, hernia, sinusitis, and insomnia. Several studies have shown that Ponciri Fructus is a major source of diverse classes of bioactive compounds namely flavonoids, terpenoids, coumarins, phytosterols, and alkaloids. Several in vivo and in vitro pharmacological activity evaluations such as antidiabetic, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, antimelanogenic, gastroprotective, anticancer, and neuroprotective effects have been conducted from Ponciri Fructus. However, scientific investigations focusing on bioassay-guided isolation and identification of specific bioactive constituents are limited. Therefore, an in-depth scientific investigation of Ponciri Fructus focusing on bioassay-guided isolation, mechanism based pharmacological studies, pharmacokinetic studies, and evaluation of possible toxicities is necessary in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Lamichhane
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy and Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jitendra Pandey
- Department of Pharmacy, Crimson College of Technology, Pokhara University, Devinagar-11, Butwal 32900, Nepal
| | - Hari Prasad Devkota
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
- Headquarters for Admissions and Education, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, 2-39-1, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
- Pharmacy Program, Gandaki University, Pokhara 33700, Nepal
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Separation and evaluation of potential antioxidant, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activities of limonene-rich essential oils from Citrus sinensis (L.). OPEN CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2022-0254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The peel of Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck is a source of essential oils, particularly limonene, which is this plant’s characteristic molecule. The main goal of this study was to test the potential analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of limonene-rich essential oils derived from the peel of C. sinensis L. (orange) in vivo, as well as their antioxidant activity in vitro. Carrageenan-induced paw edema in Wistar rats and the formalin test in Swiss albino mice were used to examine anti-inflammatory activity. The analgesic activity was assessed using hot plate and acetic acid writhing tests, while the antioxidant activity was assessed using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and ferric reducing antioxidant power methods. The essential oil (EO) safety was determined using an acute toxicity experiment on mice. The phytochemical analysis confirmed the existence of limonene as the primary molecule (88.94%), and in vivo experiments revealed that the EO had a significant pain and inflammation-relieving effect, especially at the dose of 50 mg/kg, when compared to the used control drugs. The acute toxicity evaluation reported this EO’s safety. This study contributes to the pharmacological valorization of the peel of C. sinensis L., confirming that, in addition to its numerous cosmetic and industrial uses, it may be effective in the treatment of inflammatory and pain-related illnesses.
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Prediction of α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of LC-ESI-TQ-MS/MS-Identified Compounds from Tradescantia pallida Leaves. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122578. [PMID: 36559071 PMCID: PMC9783651 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic disease that leads to abnormal carbohydrate digestion and hyperglycemia. The long-term use of marketed drugs results in secondary infections and side effects that demand safe and natural substitutes for synthetic drugs. The objective of this study is to evaluate the antidiabetic potential of compounds from the leaves of Tradescantia pallida. Thirteen phenolic compounds were identified from the ethyl acetate fraction of leaves of Tradescantia pallida using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The compounds were then studied for the type of interactions between polyphenols and human α-glucosidase protein using molecular docking analysis. Prime Molecular Mechanics/Generalized Born Surface Area (MM-GBSA) calculations were performed to measure the binding free energies responsible for the formation of ligand-protein complexes. The compounds were further investigated for the thermodynamic constraints under a specified biological environment using molecular dynamic simulations. The flexibility of the ligand-protein systems was verified by Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD), Root Mean Square Fluctuation (RMSF) and molecular interactions. The results authenticated the antidiabetic potential of polyphenols identified from the leaves of Tradescantia pallida. Our investigations could be helpful in the design of safe antidiabetic agents, but further in vitro and in vivo investigations are required.
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Amin E, Abdel-Bakky MS, Mohammed HA, Hassan MHA. Chemical Profiling and Molecular Docking Study of Agathophora alopecuroides. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12111852. [PMID: 36430987 PMCID: PMC9696702 DOI: 10.3390/life12111852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Natural products continue to provide inspiring chemical moieties that represent a key stone in the drug discovery process. As per our previous research, the halophyte Agathophora alopecuroides was noted as a potential antidiabetic plant. However, the chemical profiling and highlighting the metabolite(s) responsible for the observed antidiabetic activity still need to be investigated. Accordingly, the present study presents the chemical profiling of this species using the LC-HRMS/MS technique followed by a study of the ligand-protein interaction using the molecular docking method. LC-HRMS/MS results detected twenty-seven compounds in A. alopecuroides extract (AAE) belonging to variable chemical classes. Among the detected compounds, alkaloids, flavonoids, lignans, and iridoids were the most prevailing. In order to highlight the bioactive compounds in AAE, the molecular docking technique was adopted. Results suggested that the two alkaloids (Eburnamonine and Isochondrodendrine) as well as the four flavonoids (Narirutin, Pelargonidin 3-O-rutinoside, Sophora isoflavanone A, and Dracorubin) were responsible for the observed antidiabetic activity. It is worth mentioning that this is the first report for the metabolomic profiling of A. alopecuroides as well as the antidiabetic potential of Isochondrodendrine, Sophora isoflavanone A, and Dracorubin that could be a promising target for an antidiabetic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Amin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Sadek Abdel-Bakky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11751, Egypt
| | - Hamdoon A. Mohammed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11751, Egypt
| | - Marwa H. A. Hassan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +2-012-7898-2288; Fax: +2-(082)-2317958
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15
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Mitra S, Lami MS, Uddin TM, Das R, Islam F, Anjum J, Hossain MJ, Emran TB. Prospective multifunctional roles and pharmacological potential of dietary flavonoid narirutin. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:112932. [PMID: 35413599 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-based phytochemicals are now being used to treat plenty of physiological diseases. Herbal drugs have gained popularity in recent years because of their strength, purity, and cheap cost-effectiveness. Citrus fruits contain significant amounts of flavanones, which falls to the category of polyphenols. Flavanones occupy a major fraction of the total polyphenols present in the plasma when orange juice is taken highly or in moderate states. Narirutin is a disaccharide derivative available in citrus fruits, primarily dihydroxy flavanone. From a pharmacological viewpoint, narirutin is a bioactive phytochemical with therapeutic efficacy. Many experimental researches were published on the use of narirutin. Anticancer activity, neuroprotection, stress relief, hepatoprotection, anti-allergic activity, antidiabetic activity, anti-adipogenic activity, anti-obesity action, and immunomodulation are a couple of the primary pharmacological properties. Narirutin also has antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. The ultimate goal of this review is to provide the current scenario of pharmacological research with narirutin; to make a better understanding for therapeutic potential of narirutin, as well as its biosynthesis strategies and side effects. Extensive literature searches and studies were undertaken to determine the pharmacological properties of narirutin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Mashia Subha Lami
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Tanvir Mahtab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Rajib Das
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Fahadul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Juhaer Anjum
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Jamal Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, 77 Satmasjid Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh.
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Xue B, Wang Y. Naringenin upregulates GTPCH1/eNOS to ameliorate high glucose‑induced retinal endothelial cell injury. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:428. [PMID: 35607381 PMCID: PMC9121200 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xue
- Health Management Center of Dalian Second People's Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Medical Department of Dalian Second People's Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
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17
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Optimization of Naringin and Naringenin Extraction from Citrus × paradisi L. Using Hydrolysis and Excipients as Adsorbent. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14050890. [PMID: 35631476 PMCID: PMC9144392 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14050890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
While flavanones exist in a variety of chemical forms, their favorable health effects are most prominent in their free form—aglycones. Their concentrations in grapefruit (Citrus × paradisi L.) extracts vary according to the extraction and hydrolysis methods used. The primary aim of this work was to maximize the yields of naringin and naringenin from various parts of fresh grapefruit fruits (flavedo, albedo, and segmental) using different extraction and hydrolysis methods. In addition, we aimed to evaluate the excipient—magnesium aluminometasilicate—and determine its influence on the qualitative composition of grapefruit extracts. Extracts were obtained by heat reflux extraction (HRE), ultrasound-assisted extraction with an ultrasonic homogenizer (UAE*), and ultrasound-assisted extraction with a bath (UAE). Ultrasound-assisted extraction using a bath (UAE) was modulated using acidic, thermal, and alkaline hydrolysis. The highest yield of naringin 8A (17.45 ± 0.872 mg/g) was obtained from an albedo sample under optimal conditions using ultrasound-assisted extraction; a high yield of naringenin 23-SHR (35.80 ± 1.79 µg/g) was produced using the heat reflux method from the segmental part. Meanwhile, ultrasonic combined with thermal hydrolysis significantly increased flavanone extraction from the albedo and segmental parts: naringin from sample 9-A (from 17.45 ± 0.872 mg/g to 25.05 ± 1.25 mg/g) and naringenin from sample 15-S (from 0 to 4.21 ± 0.55 µg/g). Additionally, magnesium aluminometasilicate demonstrated significant increases of naringenin from all treated grapefruit parts. To our knowledge, this is the first report of magnesium aluminometasilicate used as an adsorbent in flavanone extractions.
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Ham YM, Yoon SA, Hyeon H, Hyun HB, Kim SC, Go B, Jung YH, Yoon WJ. Clinical Evidence of Effects of Green Mandarin (Putgyul) Extract on Skin Aging: A Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071352. [PMID: 35405965 PMCID: PMC9002563 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Green mandarins are widely consumed unripe as mandarin oranges (Citrus unshiu Marcov.), which exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-wrinkle effects by inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinase. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study was performed to verify the skin improvement efficacy and safety of green mandarin extract (PTE). For the standardization of PTE, narirutin was set as a marker compound, and PTE with a constant narirutin content was prepared for the study. After randomizing subjects with periorbital wrinkles, they were orally administered PTE (300 mg/day) or a placebo for 12 weeks. Periorbital wrinkles were measured using PRIMOSCR SF. Skin elasticity, moisture content, transepidermal water loss, and gloss were also measured. In the study results, the depth, volume, and skin roughness of the periorbital wrinkles were significantly improved compared to the control group (p = 0.011, 0.009, and 0.004, respectively). The survey confirmed that the skin condition improved after PTE consumption for 12 weeks. No adverse reactions associated with PTE were observed during the study period. Thus, the results demonstrate that PTE effectively improves UV-induced skin wrinkles. Therefore, it is considered that PTE has sufficient value as a functional food ingredient that can prevent skin aging.
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