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Ferreira MJ, Veríssimo ACS, Pinto DCGA, Sierra-Garcia IN, Granada CE, Cremades J, Silva H, Cunha Â. Engineering the Rhizosphere Microbiome with Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria for Modulation of the Plant Metabolome. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2309. [PMID: 39204745 PMCID: PMC11360282 DOI: 10.3390/plants13162309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Plant-growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) have beneficial effects on plants. They can promote growth and enhance plant defense against abiotic stress and disease, and these effects are associated with changes in the plant metabolite profile. The research problem addressed in this study was the impact of inoculation with PGPB on the metabolite profile of Salicornia europaea L. across controlled and field conditions. Salicornia europaea seeds, inoculated with Brevibacterium casei EB3 and Pseudomonas oryzihabitans RL18, were grown in controlled laboratory experiments and in a natural field setting. The metabolite composition of the aboveground tissues was analyzed using GC-MS and UHPLC-MS. PGPB inoculation promoted a reconfiguration in plant metabolism in both environments. Under controlled laboratory conditions, inoculation contributed to increased biomass production and the reinforcement of immune responses by significantly increasing the levels of unsaturated fatty acids, sugars, citric acid, acetic acid, chlorogenic acids, and quercetin. In field conditions, the inoculated plants exhibited a distinct phytochemical profile, with increased glucose, fructose, and phenolic compounds, especially hydroxybenzoic acid, quercetin, and apigenin, alongside decreased unsaturated fatty acids, suggesting higher stress levels. The metabolic response shifted from growth enhancement to stress resistance in the latter context. As a common pattern to both laboratory and field conditions, biopriming induced metabolic reprogramming towards the expression of apigenin, quercetin, formononetin, caffeic acid, and caffeoylquinic acid, metabolites that enhance the plant's tolerance to abiotic and biotic stress. This study unveils the intricate metabolic adaptations of Salicornia europaea under controlled and field conditions, highlighting PGPB's potential to redesign the metabolite profile of the plant. Elevated-stress-related metabolites may fortify plant defense mechanisms, laying the groundwork for stress-resistant crop development through PGPB-based inoculants, especially in saline agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J. Ferreira
- CESAM and Biology Department, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (M.J.F.); (I.N.S.-G.); (H.S.)
| | - Ana C. S. Veríssimo
- LAQV-REQUIMTE and Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.C.S.V.); (D.C.G.A.P.)
| | - Diana C. G. A. Pinto
- LAQV-REQUIMTE and Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.C.S.V.); (D.C.G.A.P.)
| | - Isabel N. Sierra-Garcia
- CESAM and Biology Department, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (M.J.F.); (I.N.S.-G.); (H.S.)
| | - Camille E. Granada
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre CEP 91501-970, RS, Brazil;
| | - Javier Cremades
- Interdisciplinary Center for Chemistry and Biology (CICA), University of A Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain;
| | - Helena Silva
- CESAM and Biology Department, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (M.J.F.); (I.N.S.-G.); (H.S.)
| | - Ângela Cunha
- CESAM and Biology Department, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (M.J.F.); (I.N.S.-G.); (H.S.)
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Zhang M, Zhao Y, Nan T, Jiao H, Yue S, Huang L, Yuan Y. Genome-wide analysis of Citrus medica ABC transporters reveals the regulation of fruit development by CmABCB19 and CmABCC10. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 215:109027. [PMID: 39154422 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are vital for plant growth and development as they facilitate the transport of essential molecules. Despite the family's significance, limited information exists about its functional distinctions in Citrus medica. Our study identified 119 genes encoding ABC transporter proteins in the C. medica genome. Through an evolutionary tree and qPCR analysis, two ABC genes, CmABCB19 and CmABCC10, were implicated in C. medica fruit development, showing upregulation in normal fruits compared to malformed fruits. CmABCB19 was found to localize to the plasma membrane of Nicotiana tabacum, exhibiting indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) efflux activity in the yeast mutant strain yap1. CmABCC10, a tonoplast-localized transporter, exhibited efflux of diosmin, nobiletin, and naringin, with rutin influx in strain ycf1. Transgenic expression of CmABCB19 and CmABCC10 in Arabidopsis thaliana induced alterations in auxin and flavonoid content, impacting silique and seed size. This effect was attributed to the modulation of structural genes in the auxin biosynthesis (YUC5/9, CYP79B2, CYP83B1, SUR1) and flavonoid biosynthesis (4CL2/3, CHS, CHI, FLS1/3) pathways. In summary, the functional characterization of CmABCB19 and CmABCC10 illuminates auxin and flavonoid transport, offering insights into their interplay with biosynthetic pathways and providing a foundation for understanding the transporter's role in fruit development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Experimental Research Center, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences (CACMS), Beijing, China; National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences (CACMS), Beijing, China.
| | - Yuyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Experimental Research Center, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences (CACMS), Beijing, China; National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences (CACMS), Beijing, China
| | - Tiegui Nan
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Experimental Research Center, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences (CACMS), Beijing, China; National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences (CACMS), Beijing, China
| | - Honghong Jiao
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China.
| | - Shiyan Yue
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Experimental Research Center, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences (CACMS), Beijing, China; National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences (CACMS), Beijing, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Experimental Research Center, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences (CACMS), Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Experimental Research Center, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences (CACMS), Beijing, China; National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences (CACMS), Beijing, China.
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Basu S, Kumar G. Regulation of nitro-oxidative homeostasis: an effective approach to enhance salinity tolerance in plants. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:193. [PMID: 39008125 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03275-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Soil salinity is a major constraint for sustainable agricultural productivity, which together with the incessant climate change may be transformed into a severe threat to the global food security. It is, therefore, a serious concern that needs to be addressed expeditiously. The overproduction and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are the key events occurring during salt stress, consequently employing nitro-oxidative stress and programmed cell death in plants. However, very sporadic studies have been performed concerning different aspects of nitro-oxidative stress in plants under salinity stress. The ability of plants to tolerate salinity is associated with their ability to maintain the cellular redox equilibrium mediated by both non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant defense mechanisms. The present review emphasizes the mechanisms of ROS and RNS generation in plants, providing a detailed evaluation of how redox homeostasis is conserved through their effective removal. The uniqueness of this article stems from its incorporation of expression analyses of candidate genes for different antioxidant enzymes involved in ROS and RNS detoxification across various developmental stages and tissues of rice, utilizing publicly available microarray data. It underscores the utilization of modern biotechnological methods to improve salinity tolerance in crops, employing different antioxidants as markers. The review also explores how various transcription factors contribute to plants' ability to tolerate salinity by either activating or repressing the expression of stress-responsive genes. In summary, the review offers a thorough insight into the nitro-oxidative homeostasis strategy for extenuating salinity stress in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahana Basu
- Department of Life Science, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, 824236, Bihar, India
| | - Gautam Kumar
- Department of Life Science, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, 824236, Bihar, India.
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Wang Y, Yan F, Xu DQ, Liu M, Liu ZF, Tang YP. Traditional uses, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology and applications of Labisia pumila: A comprehensive review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024:118522. [PMID: 38971345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Labisia pumila (Blume) Fern.-Vill, also known as Kacip Fatimah, is a traditional medicinal herb common throughout Southeast Asia. It is primarily used to facilitate childbirth and postpartum recovery in women. Additionally, it can also be used to treat dysentery, rheumatism, gonorrhea, and as an anti-flatulent. AIM OF THIS REVIEW This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the traditional uses, botany, cultivation, phytochemistry, pharmacological effects, practical applications, and potential uses of L. pumila (LP). Furthermore, we also explore the safety of this plant and its potential prospects for application. MATERIALS AND METHODS The keywords "Labisia pumila," "Kacip Fatimah," and "Marantodes pumilum" were used to collect relevant information through electronic searches (including Elsevier, PubMed, Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar, CNKI, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science). RESULTS This review summarizes 102 chemical components from different parts of the plant, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, saponins, and other chemical components. In addition, we also address the associated cultivation conditions, traditional uses, pharmacological effects and toxicity. A large number of reports indicate that LP has various pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, phytoestrogenic, anti-inflammtory, antimicrobial, anti-osteoporosis and anti-obesity properties. These results provide valuable references for future research on LP. In addition, LP is also a potential medicinal and edible plant, and is currently sold on the market as a dietary supplement. CONCLUSIONS LP is a renowned traditional ethnic medicine with numerous pharmacological activities attributed to its bioactive components. Therefore, isolation and identification of the chemical components in LP can be a focus of our future research. Current studies have focused only on the effects of LP on estrogen deficiency-related diseases in women and bone diseases. There is no scientific evidence for other traditional uses. Therefore, it is important to further explore its pharmacological activities and fill the research gaps related to other traditional uses. Furthermore, research on its safety should be expanded to prepare clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Fei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Ding-Qiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ming Liu
- White Heron Pharmaceutical Sdn Bhd, Wisma WH, Jalan KIP 9A, Taman Perindustrian KIP, 52200, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ze-Feng Liu
- White Heron Pharmaceutical Sdn Bhd, Wisma WH, Jalan KIP 9A, Taman Perindustrian KIP, 52200, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yu-Ping Tang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Sun R, Han A, Wang H, Wang C, Lu Y, Ni D, Guo N, Xing H, Zhao J. Integrated Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis Reveals Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Resistance to Phytophthora Root Rot. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1705. [PMID: 38931137 PMCID: PMC11207509 DOI: 10.3390/plants13121705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Soybean production is significantly impacted by Phytophthora root rot (PRR), which is caused by Phytophthora sojae. The nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) gene family plays a crucial role in plant disease resistance. However, current understanding of the function of soybean NLR genes in resistance to PRR is limited. To address this knowledge gap, transgenic soybean plants overexpressing the NLR gene (Glyma.18g283200) were generated to elucidate the molecular mechanism of resistance. Here, transcript changes and metabolic differences were investigated at three time points (12, 24, and 36 h) after P. sojae infection in hypocotyls of two soybean lines, Dongnong 50 (susceptible line, WT) and Glyma.18g283200 overexpression line (resistant line, OE). Based on the changes in differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in response to P. sojae infection in different lines and at different time points, it was speculated that HOPZ-ACTIVATED RESISTANCE 1 (ZAR1), valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation, and phytohormone signaling may be involved in the defense response of soybean to P. sojae at the transcriptome level by GO term and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. Differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) analysis revealed that a total of 223 and 210 differential metabolites were identified in the positive ion (POS) and negative ion (NEG) modes, respectively. An integrated pathway-level analysis of transcriptomics (obtained by RNA-seq) and metabolomics data revealed that isoflavone biosynthesis was associated with disease resistance. This work provides valuable insights that can be used in breeding programs aiming to enhance soybean resistance against PRR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Na Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, National Innovation Platform for Soybean Bio-Breeding Industry and Education Integration, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (R.S.); (A.H.); (H.W.); (C.W.); (Y.L.); (D.N.)
| | - Han Xing
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, National Innovation Platform for Soybean Bio-Breeding Industry and Education Integration, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (R.S.); (A.H.); (H.W.); (C.W.); (Y.L.); (D.N.)
| | - Jinming Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, National Innovation Platform for Soybean Bio-Breeding Industry and Education Integration, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (R.S.); (A.H.); (H.W.); (C.W.); (Y.L.); (D.N.)
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Todorov SD, Alves VF, Popov I, Weeks R, Pinto UM, Petrov N, Ivanova IV, Chikindas ML. Antimicrobial Compounds in Wine. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:763-783. [PMID: 37855943 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10177-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Ipsum vinum est potestas et possession (wine itself is power and possession). Wine is a complex system that triggers multisensory cognitive stimuli. Wine and its consumption are thoroughly intertwined with the development of human society. The beverage was appreciated in many ancient mythologies and plays an essential part in Christianity and rituals to this day. Wine has been said to enlighten and inspire artists and has even been prohibited by law and some religions, but has nevertheless played a role in human civilizations since the beginning. Winemaking is also a prospering and economically important industry and a longtime symbol of status and luxury. In winemaking, the formation of the final product is influenced by several factors that contribute to the chemical and sensory complexity often associated with quality vintages. Factors such as terroir, climatic conditions, variety of the grape, all aspects of the winemaking process to the smallest details, including metabolic processes carried out by yeast and malolactic bacteria, and the conditions for the maturation and storage of the final product, up to, and even beyond the point of deciding to open the bottle and enjoy the wine. In conjunction with the empiric and scientific process of winemaking, different molecules with antibacterial activity can be identified in wine during the production process, and several of them are clearly present in the final product. Some of these antibacterial components are phytochemicals, such as flavonoids and phenolic compounds, that may be delivered to the final product (wine) as a part of the grape, a variety of potential additive compounds, or from the oak barrels or clay amphoras used during the maturation process. Others are produced by yeasts and malolactic bacteria and play a role not only in the moderation of the fermentation process but contributing to the microbiological safety and beneficial properties spectra of the final product. Lactic acid bacteria, responsible for conducting malolactic fermentation, contribute to the final balance of the wine but are also directly involved in the production of different compounds exhibiting antibacterial activity. Some examples of these compounds include bacteriocins (antibacterial peptides), diacetyl, organic acids, reuterin, hydrogen peroxide, and carbon dioxide. Major aspects of these different beneficial metabolites are the subject of discussion in this review with the aim of highlighting their beneficial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetoslav Dimitrov Todorov
- ProBacLab, Laboratório de Microbiologia de Alimentos, Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- Food Research Center (FoRC), Laboratório de Microbiologia de Alimentos, Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- CISAS- Center for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, 4900-347, Viana do Castelo, Portugal.
| | - Virginia Farias Alves
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), 74605-170, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Igor Popov
- Center for Agrobiotechnology, Don State Technical University, 344000, Gagarina Sq., 1, Rostov-On-Don, Russia
- Division of Immunobiology and Biomedicine, Center of Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olimpijskij av., 1, 354340, Federal Territory Sirius, Russia
| | - Richard Weeks
- Health Promoting Naturals Laboratory, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers State University, 65 Dudley Road, 08901, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Uelinton Manoel Pinto
- Food Research Center (FoRC), Laboratório de Microbiologia de Alimentos, Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Nikolay Petrov
- Laboratory of Virology, New Bulgarian University, Montevideo str. 21, 1618, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Iskra Vitanova Ivanova
- Department of General and Industrial Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 8, Bul. Dragan Tzankov, 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Michael L Chikindas
- Center for Agrobiotechnology, Don State Technical University, 344000, Gagarina Sq., 1, Rostov-On-Don, Russia
- Health Promoting Naturals Laboratory, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers State University, 65 Dudley Road, 08901, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Department of General Hygiene, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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Frei P, Nadegger C, Vollmar AM, Müller T, Moser S. Structural Characterization, and Antioxidative and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Phylloxanthobilins in Tropaeolum majus, a Plant with Relevance in Phytomedicine. PLANTA MEDICA 2024; 90:641-650. [PMID: 38843802 PMCID: PMC11156495 DOI: 10.1055/a-2225-8314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Tropaeolum majus (garden nasturtium) is a plant with relevance in phytomedicine, appreciated not only for its pharmaceutical activities, but also for its beautiful leaves and flowers. Here, we investigated the phytochemical composition of senescent nasturtium leaves. Indeed, we identified yellow chlorophyll catabolites, also termed phylloxanthobilins, which we show to contribute to the bright yellow color of the leaves in the autumn season. Moreover, we isolated and characterized the phylloxanthobilins from T. majus, and report the identification of a pyro-phylloxanthobilin, so far only accessible by chemical synthesis. We show that the phylloxanthobilins contribute to bioactivities of T. majus by displaying strong anti-oxidative effects in vitro and in cellulo, and anti-inflammatory effects as assessed by COX-1 and COX-2 enzyme inhibition, similar to other bioactive ingredients of T. majus, isoquercitrin, and chlorogenic acid. Hence, phylloxanthobilins could play a role in the efficacy of T. majus in the treatment of urinary tract infections, an established indication of T. majus. With the results shown in this study, we aid in the completion of the phytochemical profile of T. majus by identifying additional bioactive natural products as relevant components of this medicinal plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Frei
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Germany
| | | | - Angelika M. Vollmar
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Simone Moser
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Innsbruck, Austria
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Stec K, Kordan B, Bocianowski J, Gabryś B. Hesperidin as a Species-Specific Modifier of Aphid Behavior. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4822. [PMID: 38732039 PMCID: PMC11084187 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Hesperidin is a highly bioactive natural flavonoid whose role in ecological interactions is poorly known. In particular, the effects of hesperidin on herbivores are rarely reported. Flavonoids have been considered as prospective biopesticides; therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the influence of hesperidin on the host plant selection behavior of three aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) species: Acyrthosiphon pisum Harrris, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), and Myzus persicae (Sulz.). The aphid host plants were treated with 0.1% and 0.5% ethanolic solutions of hesperidin. Aphid probing behavior in the no-choice experiment was monitored using electropenetrography and aphid settling on plants in the choice experiment was recorded. The results demonstrated that hesperidin can be applied as a pre-ingestive, ingestive, and post-ingestive deterrent against A. pisum, as an ingestive deterrent against R. padi, and as a post-ingestive deterrent against M. persicae using the relatively low 0.1% concentration. While in A. pisum the deterrent effects of hesperidin were manifested as early as during aphid probing in peripheral plant tissues, in M. persicae, the avoidance of plants was probably the consequence of consuming the hesperidin-containing phloem sap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Stec
- Department of Botany and Ecology, University of Zielona Góra, Szafrana 1, 65-516 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Bożena Kordan
- Department of Entomology, Phytopathology and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego 17, 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Jan Bocianowski
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Beata Gabryś
- Department of Botany and Ecology, University of Zielona Góra, Szafrana 1, 65-516 Zielona Góra, Poland
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Dong H, Liao L, Long B, Che Y, Peng T, He Y, Mei L, Xu B. Total Synthesis and Antibacterial Evaluation of Lupinifolin and Its Natural Analogues. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024; 87:1044-1058. [PMID: 38373268 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.4c00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
In this study, lupinifolin (1) and its natural analogues, mundulin (2), minimiorin (3), khonklonginol H (4), flemichin D (5), and eriosemaone A (27), were obtained by chemical synthesis for the first time. Key steps involved an electrocyclization to build the linear pyran rings and a Claisen/Cope rearrangement to install the 8-prenyl substituents. All compounds were assessed for their in vitro antimicrobial activities against clinically relevant human pathogens, including one Gram-negative bacterial strain (E. coli ATCC 25922) and four Gram-positive bacterial strains (S. aureus ATCC 29213, E. faecalis ATCC 29212, MRSA21-5, and VRE ATCC 51299). The result indicated that eriosemaone A (27) was the most potent one against Gram-positive bacteria, with minimum inhibitory concentrations in the range of 0.25-0.5 μg/mL. Mechanistic studies indicated that 27 has good membrane-targeting ability to bacterial inner membranes and can bind to phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin in bacterial membranes, thereby disrupting the bacterial cell membranes and causing bacterial death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Dong
- Engineering Research Center for Pharmaceuticals and Equipment of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, People's Republic of China
- Anti-infective Agent Creation Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Liao
- Anti-infective Agent Creation Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Long
- Engineering Research Center for Pharmaceuticals and Equipment of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufei Che
- Engineering Research Center for Pharmaceuticals and Equipment of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Peng
- Anti-infective Agent Creation Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujiao He
- Anti-infective Agent Creation Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Mei
- Engineering Research Center for Pharmaceuticals and Equipment of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, People's Republic of China
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Ahmad A, Javad S, Iqbal S, Shahzadi K, Gatasheh MK, Javed T. Alleviation potential of green-synthesized selenium nanoparticles for cadmium stress in Solanum lycopersicum L: modulation of secondary metabolites and physiochemical attributes. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:113. [PMID: 38573519 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03197-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Selenium nanoparticles reduce cadmium absorption in tomato roots, mitigating heavy metal effects. SeNPs can efficiently help to enhance growth, yield, and biomolecule markers in cadmium-stressed tomato plants. In the present study, the effects of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) were investigated on the tomato plants grown in cadmium-contaminated soil. Nanoparticles were synthesized using water extract of Nigella sativa and were characterized for their size and shape. Two application methods (foliar spray and soil drench) with nanoparticle concentrations of 0, 100, and 300 mg/L were used to observe their effects on cadmium-stressed plants. Growth, yield, biochemical, and stress parameters were studied. Results showed that SeNPs positively affected plant growth, mitigating the negative effects of cadmium stress. Shoot length (SL), root length (RL), number of branches (NB), number of leaves per plant (NL), and leaf area (LA) were significantly reduced by cadmium stress but enhanced by 45, 51, 506, 208, and 82%, respectively, by soil drench treatment of SeNPs. Similarly, SeNPs increased the fruit yield (> 100%) and fruit weight (> 100%), and decreased the days to fruit initiation in tomato plants. Pigments were also positively affected by the SeNPs, particularly in foliar treatment. Lycopene content was also enhanced by the addition of NPs (75%). Furthermore, the addition of SeNPs improved the ascorbic acid, protein, phenolic, flavonoid, and proline contents of the tomato plants under cadmium stress, whereas stress enzymes also showed enhanced activities under cadmium stress. It is concluded from the present study that the addition of selenium nanoparticles enhanced the growth and yield of Cd-stressed plants by reducing the absorption of cadmium and increasing the stress management of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Ahmad
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sumera Javad
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Sumera Iqbal
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Kiran Shahzadi
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mansour K Gatasheh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talha Javed
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
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11
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Rajib MMR, Sultana H, Gao J, Wang W, Yin H. Curd, seed yield and disease resistance of cauliflower are enhanced by oligosaccharides. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17150. [PMID: 38549777 PMCID: PMC10977091 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Oligosaccharides have been demonstrated as promoters for enhancing plant growth across several crops by elevating their secondary metabolites. However, the exploration of employing diverse oligosaccharides for qualitative trait improvements in cauliflower largely unknown. This study was intended to uncover the unexplored potential, evaluating the stimulatory effects of three oligosaccharides on cauliflower's curd and seed production. Methods Two experiments were initiated in the early (15 September) and mid-season (15 October). Four treatments were implemented, encompassing a control (water) alongside chitosan oligosaccharide (COS 50 mg.L-1) with a degree of polymerization (DP) 2-10, oligo galacturonic acid (OGA 50 mg.L-1) with DP 2-10 and alginate oligosaccharide (AOS 50 mg.L-1) with DP 2-7. Results Oligosaccharides accelerated plant height (4-17.6%), leaf number (17-43%), curd (5-14.55%), and seed yield (17.8-64.5%) in both early and mid-season compared to control. These enhancements were even more pronounced in the mid-season (7.6-17.6%, 21.37-43%, 7.27-14.55%, 25.89-64.5%) than in the early season. Additionally, three oligosaccharides demonstrated significant disease resistance against black rot in both seasons, outperforming the control. As a surprise, the early season experienced better growth parameters than the mid-season. However, performance patterns remained more or less consistent in both seasons under the same treatments. COS and OGA promoted plant biomass and curd yield by promoting Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) value and phenol content. Meanwhile, AOS increased seed yield (56.8-64.5%) and elevated levels of chlorophyll, ascorbic acid, flavonoids, while decreasing levels of hydrogen per oxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50), and disease index. The correlation matrix and principal component analysis (PCA) supported these relations and findings. Therefore, COS and OGA could be suggested for curd production and AOS for seed production in the early season, offering resistance to both biotic and abiotic stresses for cauliflower cultivation under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mijanur Rahman Rajib
- Natural Products and Glyco-Biotechnology Lab, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Horticulture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Hasina Sultana
- Department of Horticulture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Jin Gao
- Natural Products and Glyco-Biotechnology Lab, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Wenxia Wang
- Natural Products and Glyco-Biotechnology Lab, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Heng Yin
- Natural Products and Glyco-Biotechnology Lab, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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12
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Pereira V, Figueira O, Castilho PC. Flavonoids as Insecticides in Crop Protection-A Review of Current Research and Future Prospects. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:776. [PMID: 38592833 PMCID: PMC10975847 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Pesticide overuse in agricultural systems has resulted in the development of pest resistance, the impoverishment of soil microbiota, water pollution, and several human health issues. Nonetheless, farmers still depend heavily on these agrochemicals for economically viable production, given the high frequency at which crops are affected by pests. Phytopathogenic insects are considered the most destructive pests on crops. Botanical pesticides have gained attention as potential biopesticides and complements to traditional pesticides, owing to their biodegradability and low toxicity. Plant-based extracts are abundant in a wide variety of bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids, a class of polyphenols that have been extensively studied for this purpose because of their involvement in plant defense responses. The present review offers a comprehensive review of current research on the potential of flavonoids as insecticides for crop protection, addressing the modes and possible mechanisms of action underlying their bioactivity. The structure-activity relationship is also discussed. It also addresses challenges associated with their application in pest and disease management and suggests alternatives to overcome these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paula C. Castilho
- CQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9200-105 Funchal, Portugal
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Dubery IA, Nephali LP, Tugizimana F, Steenkamp PA. Data-Driven Characterization of Metabolome Reprogramming during Early Development of Sorghum Seedlings. Metabolites 2024; 14:112. [PMID: 38393004 PMCID: PMC10891503 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14020112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Specialized metabolites are produced via discrete metabolic pathways. These small molecules play significant roles in plant growth and development, as well as defense against environmental stresses. These include damping off or seedling blight at a post-emergence stage. Targeted metabolomics was followed to gain insights into metabolome changes characteristic of different developmental stages of sorghum seedlings. Metabolites were extracted from leaves at seven time points post-germination and analyzed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Multivariate statistical analysis combined with chemometric tools, such as principal component analysis, hierarchical clustering analysis, and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis, were applied for data exploration and to reduce data dimensionality as well as for the selection of potential discriminant biomarkers. Changes in metabolome patterns of the seedlings were analyzed in the early, middle, and late stages of growth (7, 14, and 29 days post-germination). The metabolite classes were amino acids, organic acids, lipids, cyanogenic glycosides, hormones, hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, and flavonoids, with the latter representing the largest class of metabolites. In general, the metabolite content showed an increase with the progression of the plant growth stages. Most of the differential metabolites were derived from tryptophan and phenylalanine, which contribute to innate immune defenses as well as growth. Quantitative analysis identified a correlation of apigenin flavone derivatives with growth stage. Data-driven investigations of these metabolomes provided new insights into the developmental dynamics that occur in seedlings to limit post-germination mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A. Dubery
- Research Centre for Plant Metabolomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa; (L.P.N.); (F.T.); (P.A.S.)
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14
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Chuan J, Nie J, Cooper WR, Chen W, Hale L, Li X. The functional decline of tomato plants infected by Candidatus Liberbacter solanacearum: an RNA-seq transcriptomic analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1325254. [PMID: 38362455 PMCID: PMC10867784 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1325254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum (CLso) is a regulated plant pathogen in European and some Asian countries, associated with severe diseases in economically important Apiaceous and Solanaceous crops, including potato, tomato, and carrot. Eleven haplotypes of CLso have been identified based on the difference in rRNA and conserved genes and host and pathogenicity. Although it is pathogenic to a wide range of plants, the mechanisms of plant response and functional decline of host plants are not well defined. This study aims to describe the underlying mechanism of the functional decline of tomato plants infected by CLso by analyzing the transcriptomic response of tomato plants to CLso haplotypes A and B. Methods Next-generation sequencing (NGS) data were generated from total RNA of tomato plants infected by CLso haplotypes A and B, and uninfected tomato plants, while qPCR analysis was used to validate the in-silico expression analysis. Gene Ontology and KEGG pathways were enriched using differentially expressed genes. Results Plants infected with CLso haplotype B saw 229 genes upregulated when compared to uninfected plants, while 1,135 were downregulated. Healthy tomato plants and plants infected by haplotype A had similar expression levels, which is consistent with the fact that CLso haplotype A does not show apparent symptoms in tomato plants. Photosynthesis and starch biosynthesis were impaired while starch amylolysis was promoted in plants infected by CLso haplotype B compared with uninfected plants. The changes in pathway gene expression suggest that carbohydrate consumption in infected plants was more extensive than accumulation. In addition, cell-wall-related genes, including steroid biosynthesis pathways, were downregulated in plants infected with CLso haplotype B suggesting a reduction in membrane fluidity, cell signaling, and defense against bacteria. In addition, genes in phenylpropanoid metabolism and DNA replication were generally suppressed by CLso infection, affecting plant growth and defense. Discussion This study provides insights into plants' defense and functional decline due to pathogenic CLso using whole transcriptome sequencing and qPCR validation. Our results show how tomato plants react in metabolic pathways during the deterioration caused by pathogenic CLso. Understanding the underlying mechanisms can enhance disease control and create opportunities for breeding resistant or tolerant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Chuan
- Charlottetown Laboratory, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
- Biology Department, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Jingbai Nie
- Charlottetown Laboratory, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - William Rodney Cooper
- Temperate Tree Fruit and Vegetable Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Wapato, WA, United States
| | - Wen Chen
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Lawrence Hale
- Biology Department, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Xiang Li
- Charlottetown Laboratory, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
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15
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Pereira CG, Rodrigues MJ, Nawrot-Hadzik I, Matkowski A, Custódio L. Seasonal and Geographic Dynamics in Bioproperties and Phytochemical Profile of Limonium algarvense Erben. Molecules 2024; 29:481. [PMID: 38257394 PMCID: PMC10818848 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This study delved into the influence of ecological and seasonal dynamics on the synthesis of secondary metabolites in the medicinal halophyte Limonium algarvense Erben, commonly known as sea lavender, and examined their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Aerial parts of sea lavender were systematically collected across winter, spring, summer, and autumn seasons from distinct geographic locations in southern Portugal, specifically "Ria de Alvor" in Portimão and "Ria Formosa" in Tavira. The investigation involved determining the total polyphenolic profile through spectrophotometric methods, establishing the chemical profile via liquid chromatography electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS), and evaluating in vitro antioxidant properties using radical and metal-based methods, along with assessing anti-inflammatory capacity through a cell model. Results unveiled varying polyphenol levels and profiles across seasons, with spring and autumn samples exhibiting the highest content, accompanied by the most notable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities. Geographic location emerged as an influential factor, particularly distinguishing plants from "Ria de Alvor". Seasonal fluctuations were associated with environmental factors, including temperature, which, when excessively high, can impair plant metabolism, but also with the presence of flowers and seeds in spring and autumn samples, which also seems to contribute to elevated polyphenol levels and enhanced bioproperties of these samples. Additionally, genetic factors may be related to differences observed between ecotypes (geographical location). This study underscores sea lavender's potential as a natural source of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents, emphasizing the significance of considering both geographic location and seasonal dynamics in the assessment of phenolic composition and bioactive properties in medicinal plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Guerreiro Pereira
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR/CIMAR LA), Campus of Gambelas, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;
| | - Maria João Rodrigues
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR/CIMAR LA), Campus of Gambelas, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;
| | - Izabela Nawrot-Hadzik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Botany, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (I.N.-H.); (A.M.)
| | - Adam Matkowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Botany, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (I.N.-H.); (A.M.)
| | - Luísa Custódio
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR/CIMAR LA), Campus of Gambelas, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;
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16
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Sanjaya IPW, Sudarsono, Chan MT, Sukma D, Buchori A, Putra RP, Nurcholis W. D-optimal Design Optimization of Solvent Mixture for Flavonoid Extraction from Phalaenopsis Leaves with Antioxidant Activity. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2024; 16:1-7. [PMID: 38694960 PMCID: PMC11060619 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_372_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims This study aimed to optimize the extraction of flavonoids and antioxidants from Phalaenopsis leaves by using solvent mixtures. Method The total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant activity were evaluated using the colorimetric method and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), respectively. Maceration extracts from fresh leaves were used for the analysis. The study used the Design Expert 13.0 program to optimize the solvents (water, acetone, and methanol) and their combined ratio. Result The results showed that 100% acetone was the best solvent for both responses, with a desirability value of 0.884, TFC of 0.434 mg QE/g fresh weight (FW) and FRAP of 713.53 μmol TE/g FW. Screening of the most potent Phalaenopsis genotypes for obtaining the most active leaf extract showed that P. amboinensis and P. pantherina were the best genotypes for TFC (0.786-0.797 mg QE/g FW) and FRAP activity (862.25-891.48 μmol TE/g FW). Conclusion This study demonstrates an easy and useful way to obtain flavonoids and antioxidants from Phalaenopsis materials that can be used in the flower-based industry to make new functional ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Putu Wahyu Sanjaya
- Post-Doctoral in Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Study Program, Graduate School, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Sudarsono
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Ming-Tsair Chan
- Academia Sinica-Biotechnology Center in Southern Taiwan (AS-BCST), Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Dewi Sukma
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Ade Buchori
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Raihan Permana Putra
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Waras Nurcholis
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
- Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
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Saha C, Naskar R, Chakraborty S. Antiviral Flavonoids: A Natural Scaffold with Prospects as Phytomedicines against SARS-CoV2. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:39-59. [PMID: 37138419 DOI: 10.2174/1389557523666230503105053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are vital candidates to fight against a wide range of pathogenic microbial infections. Due to their therapeutic potential, many flavonoids from the herbs of traditional medicine systems are now being evaluated as lead compounds to develop potential antimicrobial hits. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 caused one of the deadliest pandemics that has ever been known to mankind. To date, more than 600 million confirmed cases of SARS-CoV2 infection have been reported worldwide. Situations are worse due to the unavailability of therapeutics to combat the viral disease. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop drugs against SARS-CoV2 and its emerging variants. Here, we have carried out a detailed mechanistic analysis of the antiviral efficacy of flavonoids in terms of their potential targets and structural feature required for exerting their antiviral activity. A catalog of various promising flavonoid compounds has been shown to elicit inhibitory effects against SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV proteases. However, they act in the high-micromolar regime. Thus a proper leadoptimization against the various proteases of SARS-CoV2 can lead to high-affinity SARS-CoV2 protease inhibitors. To enable lead optimization, a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis has been developed for the flavonoids that have shown antiviral activity against viral proteases of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. High sequence similarities between coronavirus proteases enable the applicability of the developed QSAR to SARS-CoV2 proteases inhibitor screening. The detailed mechanistic analysis of the antiviral flavonoids and the developed QSAR models is a step forward toward the development of flavonoid-based therapeutics or supplements to fight against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiranjeet Saha
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Kolkata, 700135, India
| | - Roumi Naskar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Kolkata, 700135, India
| | - Sandipan Chakraborty
- Center for Innovation in Molecular and Pharmaceutical Sciences (CIMPS), Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, India
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18
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Huang H, Zou H, Lin H, Dai Y, Lin J. Molecular insights into the mechanisms of a leaf color mutant in Anoectochilus roxburghii by gene mapping and transcriptome profiling based on PacBio Sequel II. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22751. [PMID: 38123722 PMCID: PMC10733416 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50352-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants with partial or complete loss of chlorophylls and other pigments are frequently occurring in nature but not commonly found. In the present study, we characterize a leaf color mutant 'arly01' with an albino stripe in the middle of the leaf, which is an uncommon ornamental trait in Anoectochilus roxburghii. The albino "mutant" middle portion and green "normal" leaf parts were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and their pigment contents were determined. The mutant portion exhibited underdevelopment of plastids and had reduced chlorophyll and other pigment (carotenoid, anthocyanin, and flavonoid) content compared to the normal portion. Meanwhile, comparative transcript analysis and metabolic pathways mapping showed that a total of 599 differentially expressed genes were mapped to 78 KEGG pathways, most of which were down-regulated in the mutant portion. The five most affected metabolic pathways were determined to be oxidative phosphorylation, photosynthesis system, carbon fixation & starch and sucrose metabolism, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, and flavonoid biosynthesis. Our findings suggested that the mutant 'arly01' was a partial albinism of A. roxburghii, characterized by the underdevelopment of chloroplasts, low contents of photosynthetic and other color pigments, and a number of down-regulated genes and metabolites. With the emergence of ornamental A. roxburghii in southern China, 'arly01' could become a popular cultivar due to its unique aesthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiming Huang
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1499 Jiulong Avenue, Zhangzhou, 363005, Fujian, China
| | - Hui Zou
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1499 Jiulong Avenue, Zhangzhou, 363005, Fujian, China
| | - Hongting Lin
- Zhangzhou Fourth Municipal Hospital of Fujian Province, 41 Baiyun Village, Zhangzhou, 363100, Fujian, China
| | - Yimin Dai
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1499 Jiulong Avenue, Zhangzhou, 363005, Fujian, China
| | - Jiangbo Lin
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1499 Jiulong Avenue, Zhangzhou, 363005, Fujian, China.
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Yang P, Liu W, Yuan P, Zhao Z, Zhang C, Opiyo SO, Adhikari A, Zhao L, Harsh G, Xia Y. Plant Growth Promotion and Stress Tolerance Enhancement through Inoculation with Bacillus proteolyticus OSUB18. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1495. [PMID: 38132321 PMCID: PMC10740446 DOI: 10.3390/biology12121495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The isolation of B. proteolyticus OSUB18 from switchgrass unveiled its significant potential in both the enhancement of plant growth and the suppression of plant diseases in our previous study. The elucidation of the related mechanisms governing this intricate plant-microbe interaction involved the utilization of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. In our comprehensive study on Arabidopsis, OSUB18 treatment was found to significantly alter root architecture and enhance plant growth under various abiotic stresses. An RNA-seq analysis revealed that OSUB18 modified gene expression, notably upregulating the genes involved in glucosinolate biosynthesis and plant defense, while downregulating those related to flavonoid biosynthesis and wound response. Importantly, OSUB18 also induces systemic resistance in Arabidopsis against a spectrum of bacterial and fungal pathogens and exhibits antagonistic effects on phytopathogenic bacteria, fungi, and oomycetes, highlighting its potential as a beneficial agent in plant stress management and pathogen resistance. Overall, our findings substantiate that OSUB18 exerts a stimulatory influence on plant growth and health, potentially attributed to the remodeling of root architecture, defense signaling, and the comprehensive mitigation of various biotic and abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piao Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (P.Y.); (W.L.); (P.Y.); (Z.Z.); (S.O.O.); (A.A.); (L.Z.); (G.H.)
| | - Wenshan Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (P.Y.); (W.L.); (P.Y.); (Z.Z.); (S.O.O.); (A.A.); (L.Z.); (G.H.)
| | - Pu Yuan
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (P.Y.); (W.L.); (P.Y.); (Z.Z.); (S.O.O.); (A.A.); (L.Z.); (G.H.)
| | - Zhenzhen Zhao
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (P.Y.); (W.L.); (P.Y.); (Z.Z.); (S.O.O.); (A.A.); (L.Z.); (G.H.)
| | - Chunquan Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, Alcorn State University, 1000 ASU Dr. #690, Lorman, MS 39096, USA;
| | - Stephen Obol Opiyo
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (P.Y.); (W.L.); (P.Y.); (Z.Z.); (S.O.O.); (A.A.); (L.Z.); (G.H.)
| | - Ashna Adhikari
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (P.Y.); (W.L.); (P.Y.); (Z.Z.); (S.O.O.); (A.A.); (L.Z.); (G.H.)
| | - Lijing Zhao
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (P.Y.); (W.L.); (P.Y.); (Z.Z.); (S.O.O.); (A.A.); (L.Z.); (G.H.)
| | - Garrett Harsh
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (P.Y.); (W.L.); (P.Y.); (Z.Z.); (S.O.O.); (A.A.); (L.Z.); (G.H.)
| | - Ye Xia
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (P.Y.); (W.L.); (P.Y.); (Z.Z.); (S.O.O.); (A.A.); (L.Z.); (G.H.)
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Lotfi MS, Kalalinia F. Flavonoids in Combination with Stem Cells for the Treatment of Neurological Disorders. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:3270-3282. [PMID: 37462837 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03986-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Neurological disorders are the leading cause of disability and the world's second leading cause of death. Despite the availability of significant knowledge to reduce the burden of some neurological disorders, various studies are exploring more effective treatment options. While the human body can repair and regenerate damaged tissue through stem cell recruitment, nerve regeneration in case of injury is minimal due to the restriction on the location of nerve stem cells. Recently, different types of stem cells extracted from various tissues have been used in combination with natural stimuli to treat neurologic disorders in neuronal tissue engineering. Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds that can induce the differentiation of stem cells into neurons and stimulate stem cell proliferation, migration, and survival. They can also increase the secretion of nutritional factors from stem cells. In addition to the effects that flavonoids can have on stem cells, they can also have beneficial therapeutic effects on the nervous system alone. Therefore, the simultaneous use of these compounds and stem cells can multiply the therapeutic effect. In this review, we first introduce flavonoid compounds and provide background information on stem cells. We then compile available reports on the effects of flavonoids on stem cells for the treatment of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sadegh Lotfi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Kalalinia
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Vakilabad Blvd, Pardis University Campus, Mashhad, 91886 17871, Iran.
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21
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Polturak G, Misra RC, El-Demerdash A, Owen C, Steed A, McDonald HP, Wang J, Saalbach G, Martins C, Chartrain L, Wilkinson B, Nicholson P, Osbourn A. Discovery of isoflavone phytoalexins in wheat reveals an alternative route to isoflavonoid biosynthesis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6977. [PMID: 37914713 PMCID: PMC10620232 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42464-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Isoflavones are a group of phenolic compounds mostly restricted to plants of the legume family, where they mediate important interactions with plant-associated microbes, including in defense from pathogens and in nodulation. Their well-studied health promoting attributes have made them a prime target for metabolic engineering, both for bioproduction of isoflavones as high-value molecules, and in biofortification of food crops. A key gene in their biosynthesis, isoflavone synthase, was identified in legumes over two decades ago, but little is known about formation of isoflavones outside of this family. Here we identify a specialized wheat-specific isoflavone synthase, TaCYP71F53, which catalyzes a different reaction from the leguminous isoflavone synthases, thus revealing an alternative path to isoflavonoid biosynthesis and providing a non-transgenic route for engineering isoflavone production in wheat. TaCYP71F53 forms part of a biosynthetic gene cluster that produces a naringenin-derived O-methylated isoflavone, 5-hydroxy-2',4',7-trimethoxyisoflavone, triticein. Pathogen-induced production and in vitro antimicrobial activity of triticein suggest a defense-related role for this molecule in wheat. Genomic and metabolic analyses of wheat ancestral grasses further show that the triticein gene cluster was introduced into domesticated emmer wheat through natural hybridization ~9000 years ago, and encodes a pathogen-responsive metabolic pathway that is conserved in modern bread wheat varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Polturak
- Biochemistry and Metabolism Department, John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel.
| | | | - Amr El-Demerdash
- Biochemistry and Metabolism Department, John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Charlotte Owen
- Biochemistry and Metabolism Department, John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Andrew Steed
- Crop Genetics Department, John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Hannah P McDonald
- Molecular Microbiology Department, John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - JiaoJiao Wang
- Biochemistry and Metabolism Department, John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, and School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | | | - Carlo Martins
- Proteomics Facility, John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | | | - Barrie Wilkinson
- Molecular Microbiology Department, John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Paul Nicholson
- Crop Genetics Department, John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Anne Osbourn
- Biochemistry and Metabolism Department, John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.
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22
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Sharma S, Ganotra J, Samantaray J, Sahoo RK, Bhardwaj D, Tuteja N. An emerging role of heterotrimeric G-proteins in nodulation and nitrogen sensing. PLANTA 2023; 258:101. [PMID: 37847414 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04251-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION A comprehensive understanding of nitrogen signaling cascades involving heterotrimeric G-proteins and their putative receptors can assist in the production of nitrogen-efficient plants. Plants are immobile in nature, so they must endure abiotic stresses including nutrient stress. Plant development and agricultural productivity are frequently constrained by the restricted availability of nitrogen in the soil. Non-legume plants acquire nitrogen from the soil through root membrane-bound transporters. In depleted soil nitrogen conditions, legumes are naturally conditioned to fix atmospheric nitrogen with the aid of nodulation elicited by nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Moreover, apart from the symbiotic nitrogen fixation process, nitrogen uptake from the soil can also be a significant secondary source to satisfy the nitrogen requirements of legumes. Heterotrimeric G-proteins function as molecular switches to help plant cells relay diverse stimuli emanating from external stress conditions. They are comprised of Gα, Gβ and Gγ subunits, which cooperate with several downstream effectors to regulate multiple plant signaling events. In the present review, we concentrate on signaling mechanisms that regulate plant nitrogen nutrition. Our review highlights the potential of heterotrimeric G-proteins, together with their putative receptors, to assist the legume root nodule symbiosis (RNS) cascade, particularly during calcium spiking and nodulation. Additionally, the functions of heterotrimeric G-proteins in nitrogen acquisition by plant roots as well as in improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) have also been discussed. Future research oriented towards heterotrimeric G-proteins through genome editing tools can be a game changer in the enhancement of the nitrogen fixation process. This will foster the precise manipulation and production of plants to ensure global food security in an era of climate change by enhancing crop productivity and minimizing reliance on external inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvriti Sharma
- Department of Botany, Central University of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 181143, India
| | - Jahanvi Ganotra
- Department of Botany, Central University of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 181143, India
| | - Jyotipriya Samantaray
- Department of Botany, Central University of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 181143, India
| | - Ranjan Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Biotechnology, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Deepak Bhardwaj
- Department of Botany, Central University of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 181143, India.
| | - Narendra Tuteja
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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23
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Huang K, He H, Wang S, Zhang M, Chen X, Deng Z, Ni X, Li X. Sequential and Simultaneous Interactions of Plant Allelochemical Flavone, Bt Toxin Vip3A, and Insecticide Emamectin Benzoate in Spodoptera frugiperda. INSECTS 2023; 14:736. [PMID: 37754704 PMCID: PMC10532070 DOI: 10.3390/insects14090736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Target pests of genetically engineered crops producing both defensive allelochemicals and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins often sequentially or simultaneously uptake allelochemicals, Bt toxins, and/or insecticides. How the three types of toxins interact to kill pests remains underexplored. Here we investigated the interactions of Bt toxin Vip3A, plant allelochemical flavone, and insecticide emamectin benzoate in Spodoptera frugiperda. Simultaneous administration of flavone LC25 + Vip3A LC25, emamectin benzoate LC25 + Vip3A LC25, and flavone LC15 + emamectin benzoate LC15 + Vip3A LC15 but not flavone LC25 + emamectin LC25 yielded a mortality significantly higher than their expected additive mortality (EAM). One-day pre-exposure to one toxin at LC5 followed by six-day exposure to the same toxin at LC5 plus another toxin at LC50 showed that the mortality of flavone LC5 + Vip3A LC50, emamectin benzoate LC5 + Vip3A LC50, and Vip3A LC5 + emamectin benzoate LC50 were significantly higher than their EAM, while that of flavone LC5 + emamectin benzoate LC50 was significantly lower than their EAM. No significant difference existed among the mortalities of Vip3A LC5 + flavone LC50, emamectin benzoate LC5 + flavone LC50, and their EAMs. The results suggest that the interactions of the three toxins are largely synergistic (inductive) or additive, depending on their combinations and doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyuan Huang
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China (H.H.); (S.W.); (M.Z.); (X.C.)
| | - Haibo He
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China (H.H.); (S.W.); (M.Z.); (X.C.)
| | - Shan Wang
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China (H.H.); (S.W.); (M.Z.); (X.C.)
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China (H.H.); (S.W.); (M.Z.); (X.C.)
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xuewei Chen
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China (H.H.); (S.W.); (M.Z.); (X.C.)
| | - Zhongyuan Deng
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China (H.H.); (S.W.); (M.Z.); (X.C.)
| | - Xinzhi Ni
- USDA-ARS, Crop Genetics and Breeding Research Unit, University of Georgia-Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA 31793, USA;
| | - Xianchun Li
- Department of Entomology and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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24
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Waqar Khan M, Yang W, Yu K, Zhang X. Aztreonam is a novel chemical inducer that promotes Agrobacteium transformation and lateral root development in soybean. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1257270. [PMID: 37692409 PMCID: PMC10483135 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1257270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Agrobacterium-mediated soybean transformation is the simplest method of gene transfer. However, the low transformation due to the intractable nature of soybean genotypes hinders this process. The use of biochemicals (acetosyringone, cinnamic acid, flavonoids, etc.) plays an important role in increasing soybean transformation. These biochemicals induce chemotaxis and virulence gene activation during the infection process. Here we identified a biochemical, aztreonam (a monobactam), for high agrobacterium-mediated transformation in soybean. The soybean explants from three genotypes were inoculated with A. tumefaciens (GV3101) harboring the pMDC32 vector containing hpt or the GmUbi-35S-GUS vector containing the GUS gene during two separate events. High transient GUS expression was obtained during cotyledon explant culture on MS media supplemented with 2.5 mg/L aztreonam. The aztreonam-treated explants showed high efficiency in transient and stable transformation as compared to the untreated control. The transformation of aztreonam-treated explants during seed imbibition resulted in an average of 21.1% as compared to 13.2% in control by using the pMDC32 vector and 28.5 and 20.7% while using the GUS gene cassette, respectively. Based on these findings, the metabolic analysis of the explant after aztreonam treatment was assessed. The high accumulation of flavonoids was identified during an untargeted metabolic analysis. The quantification results showed a significantly high accumulation of the four compounds, i.e., genistein, apigenin, naringenin, and genistin, in cotyledon explants after 18 hours of aztreonam treatment. Alongside this, aztreonam also had some surprising effects on root elongation and lateral root formation when compared to indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Our findings were limited to soybeans. However, the discovery of aztreonam and its effect on triggering flavonoids could lead to the potential role of aztreonam in the agrobacterium-mediated transformation of different crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Waqar Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | | | | | - Xuebin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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25
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Bushmeleva K, Vyshtakalyuk A, Terenzhev D, Belov T, Nikitin E, Zobov V. Aronia melanocarpa Flavonol Extract-Antiradical and Immunomodulating Activities Analysis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2976. [PMID: 37631187 PMCID: PMC10458422 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The study of Aronia melanocarpa's (A. melanocarpa) biological activity is focused on obtaining the crude extract and separation of the flavonol compounds. The extraction and fractionation of A. melanocarpa fruits, followed by quantitative analysis, were accomplished using high-performance liquid chromatography and Darco G-60 filtering. This approach enabled the quantification of flavonoids within each fraction. The antioxidative, immunomodulating activities and cytotoxicity with respect to the lymphoblast cell line RPMI-1788 were studied. The flavonol extract of A. melanocarpa has been shown to have a high capacity to neutralize free DPPH and AAPH radicals in vitro. It also caused an accelerated 'respiratory burst' formation of neutrophils and an increase in the metabolic reserves of cells in rats exposed to cyclophosphamide. The reference solution (an equivalent quercetin-rutin blend) contributed to a decrease in lipid peroxidation, intensifying phagocytosis processes. The studied compounds demonstrated their low influence on the leukocyte blood profile in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kseniya Bushmeleva
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str. 8, Kazan 420088, Russia; (A.V.); (D.T.); (T.B.); (E.N.); (V.Z.)
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26
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Dai Y, Ye Z, Liu H, Zhu R, Sun L, Li S, Xie G, Zhu Y, Zhao Y, Qin M. The chemical profiling of Salvia plebeia during different growth periods and the biosynthesis of its main flavonoids ingredients. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1228356. [PMID: 37645462 PMCID: PMC10461478 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1228356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Salvia plebeia (Lamiaceae) is a valuable medicinal plant widely distributed across Asia and Oceania. However, the composition and accumulation patterns of its active ingredients in different organs during the growth and their biosynthetic mechanism remain unknown. Therefore, we conducted metabolite profiling, transcriptomic analysis, and biological functional verification to explore the distribution, accumulation, and biosynthesis mechanisms of flavonoids in S. plebeia. We identified 70 metabolites including 46 flavonoids, 16 phenolic acids, seven terpenoids, and one organic acid, of which 21 were previously unreported in S. plebeia. Combining metabolomic-transcriptomic analysis and biological functional verification, we identified the key genes involved in biosynthesis of its main active ingredients, hispidulin and homoplantaginin, including SpPAL, SpC4H, Sp4CL2, Sp4CL5, SpCHS1, SpCHI, SpFNS, SpF6H1, SpF6OMT1, SpF6OMT2, SpUGT1, SpUGT2, and SpUGT3. Using the identified genes, we reconstructed the hispidulin and homoplantaginin biosynthesis pathways in Escherichia coli, and obtained a yield of 5.33 and 3.86 mg/L for hispidulin and homoplantaginin, respectively. Our findings provide valuable insights into the changes in chemical components in different organs of S. plebeia during different growth and harvest stages and establishes a foundation for identifying and synthesizing its active components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Dai
- Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Ziyu Ye
- Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Yangzhou Center for Food and Drug Control, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ruirui Zhu
- Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lanlan Sun
- Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoyong Xie
- Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yucheng Zhao
- Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Minjian Qin
- Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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27
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Rao MJ, Feng B, Ahmad MH, Tahir ul Qamar M, Aslam MZ, Khalid MF, Hussain S, Zhong R, Ali Q, Xu Q, Ma C, Wang L. LC-MS/MS-based metabolomics approach identified novel antioxidant flavonoids associated with drought tolerance in citrus species. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1150854. [PMID: 37636085 PMCID: PMC10450343 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1150854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Citrus fruits are cultivated around the world, and they face drought stress frequently during their growth and development. Previous studies showed that citrus plants biosynthesized flavonoid compounds in response to abiotic stress. In this study, we have quantified 37 flavonoid compounds from the leaves of three distinct citrus species including sour orange (drought-tolerant), pummelo 'Majia you pummelo' (drought-sensitive), and lemon (drought-sensitive). The 37 flavonoids consisted of 12 flavones, 10 flavonols, 6 flavanones, 5 isoflavanones, and 1 each for chalcone, flavanol, flavanonol, and flavone glycoside. Drought stress differentially altered the flavonoid metabolism in drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive citrus species. The kaempferol 3-neohesperidoside was 17-fold higher in sour orange (124.41 nmol/L) after 18 days of drought stress than lemon (7.33 nmol/L). In sour orange, neohesperidin (69.49 nmol/L) was 1,407- and 37-fold higher than pummelo and lemon, respectively. In sour orange, some flavonoids were significantly increased, such as vitexin, neohesperidin, cynaroside, hyperoside, genistin, kaempferol 3-neohesperidoside, eriocitrin, and luteolin, in response to drought stress, whereas in lemon, these flavonoids were significantly decreased or not altered significantly in response to drought stress. Moreover, the total contents of flavonoids and antioxidant activity were increased in sour orange as compared with pummelo and lemon. The genes associated with flavonoid biosynthesis (PAL, CHI, FLS, GT1, F3H, F3'M, C4H, 4CL, FLS, FG2, FG3, and CYP81E1) were more highly expressed in sour orange leaves than in pummelo and lemon after drought stress. These outcomes showed that pummelo and lemon failed to biosynthesize antioxidant flavonoids to cope with the prolonged drought stress, whereas the sour orange biosynthesized fortified flavonoid compounds with increased antioxidant activity to detoxify the harmful effects of reactive oxygen species produced during drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Junaid Rao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Ministry of Agriculture), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bihong Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Muhammad Husnain Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Ministry of Agriculture), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Muhammad Tahir ul Qamar
- Integrative Omics and Molecular Modeling Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zeshan Aslam
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Muhammad Fasih Khalid
- Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, Horticultural Sciences Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Science, University of Florida, Immokalee, FL, United States
| | - Sajjad Hussain
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Ruimin Zhong
- Henry Fok School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
| | - Qurban Ali
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Ministry of Agriculture), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chongjian Ma
- Henry Fok School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
| | - Lingqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Henry Fok School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
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28
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Hamany Djande CY, Steenkamp PA, Piater LA, Tugizimana F, Dubery IA. Metabolic Reprogramming of Barley in Response to Foliar Application of Dichlorinated Functional Analogues of Salicylic Acid as Priming Agents and Inducers of Plant Defence. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13050666. [PMID: 37233707 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13050666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Designing innovative biological crop protection strategies to stimulate natural plant immunity is motivated by the growing need for eco-friendly alternatives to conventional biocidal agrochemicals. Salicylic acid (SA) and analogues are known chemical inducers of priming plant immunity against environmental stresses. The aim of the study was to study the metabolic reprogramming in barley plants following an application of three proposed dichlorinated inducers of acquired resistance. 3,5-Dichloroanthranilic acid, 2,6-dichloropyridine-4-carboxylic acid, and 3,5-dichlorosalicylic acid were applied to barley at the third leaf stage of development and harvested at 12, 24, and 36 h post-treatment. Metabolites were extracted using methanol for untargeted metabolomics analyses. Samples were analysed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-definition mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HDMS). Chemometric methods and bioinformatics tools were used to mine and interpret the generated data. Alterations in the levels of both primary and secondary metabolites were observed. The accumulation of barley-specific metabolites, hordatines, and precursors was observed from 24 h post-treatment. The phenylpropanoid pathway, a marker of induced resistance, was identified among the key mechanisms activated by the treatment with the three inducers. No salicylic acid or SA derivatives were annotated as signatory biomarkers; instead, jasmonic acid precursors and derivatives were found as discriminatory metabolites across treatments. The study highlights differences and similarities in the metabolomes of barley after treatment with the three inducers and points to the triggering chemical changes associated with defence and resistance. This report is the first of its kind, and the knowledge acquired provides deeper insight into the role of dichlorinated small molecules as inducers of plant immunity and can be used in metabolomics-guided plant improvement programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Y Hamany Djande
- Research Centre for Plant Metabolomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa
| | - Paul A Steenkamp
- Research Centre for Plant Metabolomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa
| | - Lizelle A Piater
- Research Centre for Plant Metabolomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa
| | - Fidele Tugizimana
- Research Centre for Plant Metabolomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa
| | - Ian A Dubery
- Research Centre for Plant Metabolomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa
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29
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Sharma H, Kim DY, Shim KH, Sharma N, An SSA. Multi-Targeting Neuroprotective Effects of Syzygium aromaticum Bud Extracts and Their Key Phytocompounds against Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8148. [PMID: 37175851 PMCID: PMC10178913 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that causes a gradual loss of normal motor and cognitive function. The complex AD pathophysiology involves various factors such as oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregation, disturbed neurotransmission, and apoptosis. The available drugs suffer from a range of side effects and are not able to cover different aspects of the disease. Therefore, finding a safer therapeutic approach that can affect multiple targets at a time is highly desirable. In the present study, the underlying neuroprotective mechanism of an important culinary spice, Syzygium aromaticum (Clove) extract, and major bioactive compounds were studied in hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell lines as a model. The extracts were subjected to GC-MS to identify important bioactive components. The extracts and key bio-actives reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS), restored mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and provided neuroprotection from H2O2-induced oxidative stress in cell-based assays due to the antioxidant action. They also reduced lipid peroxidation significantly and restored GSH content. Clove extracts have also displayed anti-acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, anti-glycation potential, and Aβ aggregation/fibrilization inhibition. The multitarget neuroprotective approach displayed by Clove makes it a potential candidate for AD drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Niti Sharma
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 461-701, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Soo A. An
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 461-701, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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McNeil CJ, Araujo K, Godfrey K, Slupsky CM. Metabolite Signature and Differential Expression of Genes in Washington Navel Oranges ( Citrus sinensis) Infected by Spiroplasma citri. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:299-308. [PMID: 35984373 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-05-22-0177-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Spiroplasma citri is the pathogen that causes citrus stubborn disease (CSD). Infection of citrus with S. citri has been shown to cause leaf mottling, reduce fruit yield, and stunt tree growth. Fruit from trees exhibiting symptoms of CSD are misshapen and discolored. The symptoms of CSD are easily confused with nutrient deficiencies or symptoms of citrus greening disease. In this study, young Washington navel oranges (Citrus sinensis) were graft-inoculated with budwood originating from trees confirmed to be infected with S. citri. Leaf samples were collected monthly for 10 months for metabolomics and differential gene expression analyses. Significant differences in the concentration of metabolites and expressed genes were observed between control and S. citri-infected trees throughout the experiment. Metabolites and genes associated with important defense and stress pathways, including jasmonic acid signaling, cell wall modification, amino acid biosynthesis, and the production of antioxidant and antimicrobial secondary metabolites, were impacted by S. citri throughout the study, and even prior to symptom development. This work fills a current gap in knowledge surrounding the pathogenicity of S. citri and provides an updated mechanistic explanation for the development of CSD symptoms in S. citri-infected plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J McNeil
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Karla Araujo
- Contained Research Facility, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Kristine Godfrey
- Contained Research Facility, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Carolyn M Slupsky
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616
- Department of Nutrition, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616
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Potential Role of Quercetin Glycosides as Anti-Atherosclerotic Food-Derived Factors for Human Health. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020258. [PMID: 36829817 PMCID: PMC9952755 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Quercetin is a monomeric polyphenol of plant origin that belongs to the flavonol-type flavonoid subclass. Extensive studies using cultured cells and experimental model animals have demonstrated the anti-atherosclerotic effects of dietary quercetin in relation to the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). As quercetin is exclusively present in plant-based foods in the form of glycosides, this review focuses on the bioavailability and bioefficacy of quercetin glycosides in relation to vascular health effects. Some glucose-bound glycosides are absorbed from the small intestine after glucuronide/sulfate conjugation. Both conjugated metabolites and deconjugated quercetin aglycones formed by plasma β-glucuronidase activity act as food-derived anti-atherogenic factors by exerting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-lowering effects. However, most quercetin glycosides reach the large intestine, where they are subject to gut microbiota-dependent catabolism resulting in deglycosylated aglycone and chain-scission products. These catabolites also affect vascular health after transfer into the circulation. Furthermore, quercetin glycosides may improve gut microbiota profiles. A variety of human cohort studies and intervention studies support the idea that the intake of quercetin glycoside-rich plant foods such as onion helps to prevent CVD. Thus, quercetin glycoside-rich foods offer potential benefits in terms of cardiovascular health and possible clinical applications.
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Tariq H, Asif S, Andleeb A, Hano C, Abbasi BH. Flavonoid Production: Current Trends in Plant Metabolic Engineering and De Novo Microbial Production. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13010124. [PMID: 36677049 PMCID: PMC9864322 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are secondary metabolites that represent a heterogeneous family of plant polyphenolic compounds. Recent research has determined that the health benefits of fruits and vegetables, as well as the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants, are based on the presence of various bioactive natural products, including a high proportion of flavonoids. With current trends in plant metabolite research, flavonoids have become the center of attention due to their significant bioactivity associated with anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial activities. However, the use of traditional approaches, widely associated with the production of flavonoids, including plant extraction and chemical synthesis, has not been able to establish a scalable route for large-scale production on an industrial level. The renovation of biosynthetic pathways in plants and industrially significant microbes using advanced genetic engineering tools offers substantial promise for the exploration and scalable production of flavonoids. Recently, the co-culture engineering approach has emerged to prevail over the constraints and limitations of the conventional monoculture approach by harnessing the power of two or more strains of engineered microbes to reconstruct the target biosynthetic pathway. In this review, current perspectives on the biosynthesis and metabolic engineering of flavonoids in plants have been summarized. Special emphasis is placed on the most recent developments in the microbial production of major classes of flavonoids. Finally, we describe the recent achievements in genetic engineering for the combinatorial biosynthesis of flavonoids by reconstructing synthesis pathways in microorganisms via a co-culture strategy to obtain high amounts of specific bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasnat Tariq
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Saaim Asif
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Anisa Andleeb
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), INRAE USC1328, Eure et Loir Campus, Université d’Orléans, 28000 Chartres, France
- Correspondence: (C.H.); (B.H.A.)
| | - Bilal Haider Abbasi
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (C.H.); (B.H.A.)
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Wu L, Sun M, Chen X, Si D, Si J. Hormonal and Metabolomic Responses of Dendrobium catenatum to Infection with the Southern Blight Pathogen Sclerotium delphinii. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:70-79. [PMID: 35876764 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-05-22-0178-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Southern blight caused by Sclerotium delphinii has a devastating effect on Dendrobium catenatum (an extremely valuable medicinal and food homologous Orchidaceae plant). However, the mechanisms underlying S. delphinii infection and D. catenatum response are far from known. Here, we investigated the infection process and mode of S. delphinii through microscopic observations of detached leaves and living plantlets and further explored the hormonal and metabolomic responses of D. catenatum during S. delphinii infection by using the widely targeted metabolome method. The results showed that S. delphinii infection involves two stages: a contact phase (12 to 16 h after inoculation) and a penetration stage (20 h after inoculation). S. delphinii hyphae could penetrate leaves directly (via swollen hyphae and the formation of an infection cushion) or indirectly (via stomatal penetration), causing water-soaked lesions on leaves within 24 to 28 h after inoculation and expanded thereafter. The content of jasmonates increased after the hyphal contact and remained at high levels during S. delphinii infection, whereas the ethylene precursor (1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid) accumulated significantly after penetration. Furthermore, metabolites of the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways were enriched after pathogen penetration, whereas several amino acids accumulated in significant amounts at the late stage of infection. Moreover, some other associated metabolites were significantly altered during pathogen infection. Therefore, the jasmonate, phenylpropanoid, flavonoid, and amino acid pathways could play crucial roles in D. catenatum resistance to S. delphinii infection. This study provides insight into the prevention and control of southern blight disease of D. catenatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingshang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, P.R. China
| | - Meichen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, P.R. China
| | - Xueliang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, P.R. China
| | - Dun Si
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, P.R. China
| | - Jinping Si
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, P.R. China
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Ghitti E, Rolli E, Crotti E, Borin S. Flavonoids Are Intra- and Inter-Kingdom Modulator Signals. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122479. [PMID: 36557733 PMCID: PMC9781135 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are a broad class of secondary metabolites with multifaceted functionalities for plant homeostasis and are involved in facing both biotic and abiotic stresses to sustain plant growth and health. Furthermore, they were discovered as mediators of plant networking with the surrounding environment, showing a surprising ability to perform as signaling compounds for a multitrophic inter-kingdom level of communication that influences the plant host at the phytobiome scale. Flavonoids orchestrate plant-neighboring plant allelopathic interactions, recruit beneficial bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi, counteract pathogen outbreak, influence soil microbiome and affect plant physiology to improve its resilience to fluctuating environmental conditions. This review focuses on the diversified spectrum of flavonoid functions in plants under a variety of stresses in the modulation of plant morphogenesis in response to environmental clues, as well as their role as inter-kingdom signaling molecules with micro- and macroorganisms. Regarding the latter, the review addresses flavonoids as key phytochemicals in the human diet, considering their abundance in fruits and edible plants. Recent evidence highlights their role as nutraceuticals, probiotics and as promising new drugs for the treatment of several pathologies.
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Vlaminck L, De Rouck B, Desmet S, Van Gerrewey T, Goeminne G, De Smet L, Storme V, Kyndt T, Demeestere K, Gheysen G, Inzé D, Vanholme B, Depuydt S. Opposing effects of trans- and cis-cinnamic acid during rice coleoptile elongation. PLANT DIRECT 2022; 6:e465. [PMID: 36545006 PMCID: PMC9763633 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The phenylpropanoid cinnamic acid (CA) is a plant metabolite that can occur under a trans- or cis-form. In contrast to the proven bioactivity of the cis-form (c-CA), the activity of trans-CA (t-CA) is still a matter of debate. We tested both compounds using a submerged rice coleoptile assay and demonstrated that they have opposite effects on cell elongation. Notably, in the tip of rice coleoptile t-CA showed an inhibiting and c-CA a stimulating activity. By combining transcriptomics and (untargeted) metabolomics with activity assays and genetic and pharmacological experiments, we aimed to explain the underlying mechanistic processes. We propose a model in which c-CA treatment activates proton pumps and stimulates acidification of the apoplast, which in turn leads to the loosening of the cell wall, necessary for elongation. We hypothesize that c-CA also inactivates auxin efflux transporters, which might cause a local auxin accumulation in the tip of the coleoptile. For t-CA, the phenotype can partially be explained by a stimulation of cell wall polysaccharide feruloylation, leading to a more rigid cell wall. Metabolite profiling also demonstrated that salicylic acid (SA) derivatives are increased upon t-CA treatment. As SA is a known antagonist of auxin, the shift in SA homeostasis provides an additional explanation of the observed t-CA-mediated restriction on cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Vlaminck
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- VIB‐UGent Center for Plant Systems BiologyGhentBelgium
- Laboratory of Plant Growth AnalysisGhent University Global CampusIncheonSouth Korea
| | - Brix De Rouck
- Laboratory of Plant Growth AnalysisGhent University Global CampusIncheonSouth Korea
| | | | - Thijs Van Gerrewey
- Laboratory of Plant Growth AnalysisGhent University Global CampusIncheonSouth Korea
| | | | - Lien De Smet
- Department of BiotechnologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Veronique Storme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- VIB‐UGent Center for Plant Systems BiologyGhentBelgium
| | - Tina Kyndt
- Department of BiotechnologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Kristof Demeestere
- Department of Green Chemistry and TechnologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | | | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- VIB‐UGent Center for Plant Systems BiologyGhentBelgium
| | - Bartel Vanholme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- VIB‐UGent Center for Plant Systems BiologyGhentBelgium
| | - Stephen Depuydt
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- VIB‐UGent Center for Plant Systems BiologyGhentBelgium
- Laboratory of Plant Growth AnalysisGhent University Global CampusIncheonSouth Korea
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Shomali A, Das S, Arif N, Sarraf M, Zahra N, Yadav V, Aliniaeifard S, Chauhan DK, Hasanuzzaman M. Diverse Physiological Roles of Flavonoids in Plant Environmental Stress Responses and Tolerance. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11223158. [PMID: 36432887 PMCID: PMC9699315 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are characterized as the low molecular weight polyphenolic compounds universally distributed in planta. They are a chemically varied group of secondary metabolites with a broad range of biological activity. The increasing amount of evidence has demonstrated the various physiological functions of flavonoids in stress response. In this paper, we provide a brief introduction to flavonoids' biochemistry and biosynthesis. Then, we review the recent findings on the alternation of flavonoid content under different stress conditions to come up with an overall picture of the mechanism of involvement of flavonoids in plants' response to various abiotic stresses. The participation of flavonoids in antioxidant systems, flavonoid-mediated response to different abiotic stresses, the involvement of flavonoids in stress signaling networks, and the physiological response of plants under stress conditions are discussed in this review. Moreover, molecular and genetic approaches to tailoring flavonoid biosynthesis and regulation under abiotic stress are addressed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Shomali
- Photosynthesis Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, University of Tehran, Tehran 33916-53755, Iran
| | - Susmita Das
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Namira Arif
- D. D. Pant Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
- Faculty of Environmental Studies, Dehli School of Journalism, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Mohammad Sarraf
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz 61357-43311, Iran
| | - Noreen Zahra
- Department of Botany, Government College for Women University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Vaishali Yadav
- Department of Botany, Multanimal Modi College Modinagar, Ghaziabad 201204, India
| | - Sasan Aliniaeifard
- Photosynthesis Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, University of Tehran, Tehran 33916-53755, Iran
| | - Devendra Kumar Chauhan
- D. D. Pant Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | - Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
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Sheridan R, Spelman K. Polyphenolic promiscuity, inflammation-coupled selectivity: Whether PAINs filters mask an antiviral asset. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:909945. [PMID: 36339544 PMCID: PMC9634583 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.909945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic has elicited much laboratory and clinical research attention on vaccines, mAbs, and certain small-molecule antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 infection. By contrast, there has been comparatively little attention on plant-derived compounds, especially those that are understood to be safely ingested at common doses and are frequently consumed in the diet in herbs, spices, fruits and vegetables. Examining plant secondary metabolites, we review recent elucidations into the pharmacological activity of flavonoids and other polyphenolic compounds and also survey their putative frequent-hitter behavior. Polyphenols, like many drugs, are glucuronidated post-ingestion. In an inflammatory milieu such as infection, a reversion back to the active aglycone by the release of β-glucuronidase from neutrophils and macrophages allows cellular entry of the aglycone. In the context of viral infection, virions and intracellular virus particles may be exposed to promiscuous binding by the polyphenol aglycones resulting in viral inhibition. As the mechanism's scope would apply to the diverse range of virus species that elicit inflammation in infected hosts, we highlight pre-clinical studies of polyphenol aglycones, such as luteolin, isoginkgetin, quercetin, quercetagetin, baicalein, curcumin, fisetin and hesperetin that reduce virion replication spanning multiple distinct virus genera. It is hoped that greater awareness of the potential spatial selectivity of polyphenolic activation to sites of pathogenic infection will spur renewed research and clinical attention for natural products antiviral assaying and trialing over a wide array of infectious viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin Spelman
- Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, MA, United States
- Health Education and Research, Driggs, ID, United States
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Pukalski J, Latowski D. Secrets of Flavonoid Synthesis in Mushroom Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193052. [PMID: 36231014 PMCID: PMC9562910 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are chemical compounds that occur widely across the plant kingdom. They are considered valuable food additives with pro-health properties, and their sources have also been identified in other kingdoms. Especially interesting is the ability of edible mushrooms to synthesize flavonoids. Mushrooms are usually defined as a group of fungal species capable of producing macroscopic fruiting bodies, and there are many articles considering the content of flavonoids in this group of fungi. Whereas the synthesis of flavonoids was revealed in mycelial cells, the ability of mushroom fruiting bodies to produce flavonoids does not seem to be clearly resolved. This article, as an overview of the latest key scientific findings on flavonoids in mushrooms, outlines and organizes the current state of knowledge on the ability of mushroom fruiting bodies to synthesize this important group of compounds for vital processes. Putting the puzzle of the current state of knowledge on flavonoid biosynthesis in mushroom cells together, we propose a universal scheme of studies to unambiguously decide whether the fruiting bodies of individual mushrooms are capable of synthesizing flavonoids.
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Zhang Y, Yang L, Hu H, Yang J, Cui J, Wei G, Xu J. Transcriptome and metabolome changes in Chinese cedar during cold acclimation reveal the roles of flavonoids in needle discoloration and cold resistance. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:1858-1875. [PMID: 35451493 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cryptomeria fortunei growth and development are usually affected by low temperatures. Despite the evergreen nature of this species, most needles turn yellowish-brown in cold winters. The underlying discoloration mechanisms that cause this phenomenon in response to cold acclimation remain poorly understood. Here, we measured the pigment content and ultrastructure of normal wild-type (Wt) and evergreen mutant (GM) C. fortunei needles and performed integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses to explore potential discoloration mechanisms. The results showed that the needle chlorophyll content of these two genotypes decreased in winter. Wt needles showed greater decrease in the chlorophyll content and local destruction of chloroplast ultrastructure and contained larger amounts of flavonoids than GM needles, as shown by metabolomics analysis. We subsequently identified key differentially expressed genes in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway and observed significantly upregulated flavonol synthase expression in Wt needles compared with GM needles that significantly increased the anthoxanthin (flavones and flavonols) content, which is likely a key factor underlying the difference in needle color between these two genotypes. Therefore, flavonoid metabolism may play important roles in the cold resistance and needle discoloration of C. fortunei, and our results provide an excellent foundation for the molecular mechanism of C. fortunei in response to cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Liwei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Hailiang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Junjie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jiebing Cui
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Guangqian Wei
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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Sikder MM, Vestergård M, Kyndt T, Topalović O, Kudjordjie EN, Nicolaisen M. Genetic disruption of Arabidopsis secondary metabolite synthesis leads to microbiome-mediated modulation of nematode invasion. THE ISME JOURNAL 2022; 16:2230-2241. [PMID: 35760884 PMCID: PMC9381567 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-022-01276-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In-depth understanding of metabolite-mediated plant-nematode interactions can guide us towards novel nematode management strategies. To improve our understanding of the effects of secondary metabolites on soil nematode communities, we grew Arabidopsis thaliana genetically altered in glucosinolate, camalexin, or flavonoid synthesis pathways, and analyzed their root-associated nematode communities using metabarcoding. To test for any modulating effects of the associated microbiota on the nematode responses, we characterized the bacterial and fungal communities. Finally, as a proxy of microbiome-modulating effects on nematode invasion, we isolated the root-associated microbiomes from the mutants and tested their effect on the ability of the plant parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita to penetrate tomato roots. Most mutants had altered relative abundances of several nematode taxa with stronger effects on the plant parasitic Meloidogyne hapla than on other root feeding taxa. This probably reflects that M. hapla invades and remains embedded within root tissues and is thus intimately associated with the host. When transferred to tomato, microbiomes from the flavonoid over-producing pap1-D enhanced M. incognita root-invasion, whereas microbiomes from flavonoid-deficient mutants reduced invasion. This suggests microbiome-mediated effect of flavonoids on Meloidogyne infectivity plausibly mediated by the alteration of the abundances of specific microbial taxa in the transferred microbiomes, although we could not conclusively pinpoint such causative microbial taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Maniruzzaman Sikder
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, 1342 Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mette Vestergård
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Tina Kyndt
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Olivera Topalović
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Enoch Narh Kudjordjie
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Mogens Nicolaisen
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark.
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Sak K. Anticancer action of plant products: changing stereotyped attitudes. EXPLORATION OF DRUG SCIENCE 2022; 3:423-427. [PMID: 36046223 PMCID: PMC9400775 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2022.00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Compared to humans, plants can synthesize an extremely diverse array of chemical compounds, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, stilbenes, lignans, terpenoids, alkaloids, and many other types of secondary metabolites that have been demonstrated to exert important bioactivities and impacts on the human health. As a result of extensive and sustained efforts, some phytochemicals like vincristine, vinblastine, and paclitaxel have already been approved as anticancer drugs today, while several others are under clinical trials. However, despite this remarkable success, studies on anticancer action of plant-derived products have been and paradoxically are still in some places, mixed up with alternative approaches and thereby considered non-credible, especially in regions where the role of traditional medicine has not been historically so prevalent as in several Asian countries. As a result, only about 10% of higher plants have been explored regarding the potential therapeutic effects of their constituents. Moreover, as one function of secondary metabolites includes the protection of plants against diverse environmental stresses, the content and composition of these phytochemicals might importantly vary between different regional habitats. Therefore, the stereotyped attitudes to plant products as something related to alternative medicine must be changed to identify new lead molecules for novel anticancer drugs. It is possible that plants still harbor an important spectrum of pharmaceutically interesting, but still unidentified, chemical compounds.
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Joubert M, van den Berg N, Theron J, Swart V. Transcriptomics Advancement in the Complex Response of Plants to Viroid Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147677. [PMID: 35887025 PMCID: PMC9318114 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Viroids are the smallest plant pathogens, consisting of a single-stranded circular RNA of less than 500 ribonucleotides in length. Despite their noncoding nature, viroids elicit disease symptoms in many economically important plant hosts, and are, thus, a class of pathogens of great interest. How these viroids establish disease within host plants, however, is not yet fully understood. Recent transcriptomic studies have revealed that viroid infection influences the expression of genes in several pathways and processes in plants, including defence responses, phytohormone signalling, cell wall modification, photosynthesis, secondary metabolism, transport, gene expression and protein modification. There is much debate about whether affected pathways signify a plant response to viroid infection, or are associated with the appearance of disease symptoms in these interactions. In this review, we consolidate the findings of viroid–host transcriptome studies to provide an overview of trends observed in the data. When considered together, changes in the gene expression of different hosts upon viroid infection reveal commonalities and differences in diverse interactions. Here, we discuss whether trends in host gene expression can be correlated to plant defence or disease development during viroid infection, and highlight avenues for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Joubert
- Hans Merensky Chair in Avocado Research, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; (M.J.); (N.v.d.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
| | - Noëlani van den Berg
- Hans Merensky Chair in Avocado Research, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; (M.J.); (N.v.d.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
| | - Jacques Theron
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
| | - Velushka Swart
- Hans Merensky Chair in Avocado Research, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; (M.J.); (N.v.d.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
- Correspondence:
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Xu H, Jiang Z, Lin Z, Yu Q, Song R, Wang B. FtUGT79A15 is responsible for rutinosylation in flavonoid diglycoside biosynthesis in Fagopyrum tataricum. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 181:33-41. [PMID: 35428016 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tartary buckwheat shows health benefits with its high antioxidant activity and abundant flavonoid content. However, glycosylated flavonoid accumulation patterns and their molecular basis remain unidentified in Tartary buckwheat. Here, our metabolomics analysis revealed that F3'H branching was the major flavonoid metabolic flux in Tartary buckwheat. Interestingly, metabolome results also showed that the most abundant flavonoids were mainly in the glycosylated form, including flavonoid glycosides and flavonoid diglycosides in Tartary buckwheat. However, the flavonoid glycosides glycosyltransferase (GGT) gene catalyzing the second glycosylation step of flavonoid diglycoside has not been discovered yet in Tartary buckwheat. Thus, we explored GGT genes in the transcriptome-metabolome correlation network and confirmed that FtUGT79A15 showed the rhamnosyltransferase activity to catalyze quercetin 3-O-glucoside to rutin invitro and inplanta. Overall, FtUGT79A15 was identified to involve in the flavonoid diglycoside biosynthesis pathway in Tartary buckwheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Jiang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Zimei Lin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Qinqin Yu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Ruifeng Song
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Bo Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Soluble Free, Esterified and Insoluble-Bound Phenolic Antioxidants from Chickpeas Prevent Cytotoxicity in Human Hepatoma HuH-7 Cells Induced by Peroxyl Radicals. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061139. [PMID: 35740036 PMCID: PMC9219979 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chickpeas are rich sources of bioactive compounds such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, and isoflavonoids. However, the contribution of insoluble-bound phenolics to their antioxidant properties remains unclear. Four varieties of chickpeas were evaluated for the presence of soluble (free and esterified) and insoluble-bound phenolics as well as their antiradical activity, reducing power and inhibition of peroxyl-induced cytotoxicity in human HuH-7 cells. In general, the insoluble-bound fraction showed a higher total phenolic content. Phenolic acids, flavonoids, and isoflavonoids were identified and quantified by UPLC-MS/MS. Taxifolin was identified for the first time in chickpeas. However, m-hydroxybenzoic acid, taxifolin, and biochanin A were the main phenolics found. Biochanin A was mostly found in the free fraction, while m-hydroxybenzoic acid was present mainly in the insoluble-bound form. The insoluble-bound fraction made a significant contribution to the reducing power and antiradical activity towards peroxyl radical. Furthermore, all extracts decreased the oxidative damage of human HuH-7 cells induced by peroxyl radicals, thus indicating their hepatoprotective potential. This study demonstrates that the antioxidant properties and bioactive potential of insoluble-bound phenolics of chickpeas should not be neglected.
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Rodrigues MJ, Jekő J, Cziáky Z, Pereira CG, Custódio L. The Medicinal Halophyte Frankenia laevis L. (Sea Heath) Has In Vitro Antioxidant Activity, α-Glucosidase Inhibition, and Cytotoxicity towards Hepatocarcinoma Cells. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11101353. [PMID: 35631777 PMCID: PMC9148066 DOI: 10.3390/plants11101353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This work explored the medicinal halophyte Frankenia laevis L. (sea heath) as a potential source of bioactive natural products. In this sense, methanol and dichloromethane extracts were prepared from aerial organs containing flowers, leaves and stems, and were profiled for their chemical composition using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS). The extracts were evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant capacity using five complementary methods: enzyme inhibitory effects on enzymes related with neurodegeneration (acetyl (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE)), Type 2 diabetes (α-glucosidase and α-amylase), hyperpigmentation/food oxidation (tyrosinase), and cytotoxicity towards human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) cells. Fifty-one molecules were identified in the extracts, including several derivatives of phenolic acids, lignans and flavonoids, monoterpenes, and hydroxylated derivatives of linoleic acid. The methanol extract was effective in DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging (EC50 = 0.25 and 0.65 mg/mL, respectively), copper chelation (EC50 = 0.78 mg/mL), and iron reduction (EC50 = 0.51 mg/mL) activities, whereas the dichloromethane extract had high iron chelating ability (EC50 = 0.76 mg/mL). Both extracts showed the capacity to inhibit α-glucosidase, especially the dichloromethane (EC50 = 0.52 mg/mL). This extract also exerted a significant selective cytotoxicity towards HepG2 cells (EC50 = 52.1 μg/mL, SI > 1.9). In conclusion, extracts from the aerial parts of sea heath were shown to be a promising source of natural products for pharmaceutical and/or food additive applications due to their high antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and cytotoxic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Rodrigues
- Centre of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Campus of Gambelas, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (C.G.P.); (L.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - József Jekő
- Agricultural and Molecular Research and Service Institute, University of Nyíregyháza, 4400 Nyíregyháza, Hungary; (J.J.); (Z.C.)
| | - Zoltán Cziáky
- Agricultural and Molecular Research and Service Institute, University of Nyíregyháza, 4400 Nyíregyháza, Hungary; (J.J.); (Z.C.)
| | - Catarina G. Pereira
- Centre of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Campus of Gambelas, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (C.G.P.); (L.C.)
| | - Luísa Custódio
- Centre of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Campus of Gambelas, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (C.G.P.); (L.C.)
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Gao HY, Liu Y, Tan FF, Zhu LW, Jia KZ, Tang YJ. Advances and Challenges in Enzymatic C-glycosylation of Flavonoids in Plants. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:1466-1479. [PMID: 35466866 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220422085128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoid glycosides play required determinant roles in plants and have considerable potential for applications in medicine and biotechnology. Glycosyltransferases transfer a sugar moiety from uridine diphosphate-activated sugar molecules to an acceptor flavonoid via C-O and C-C linkages. Compared with O-glycosylflavonoids, C-glycosylflavonoids are more stable, are resistant to glycosidase or acid hydrolysis, exhibit better pharmacological properties, and have received more attention. Herein, we discuss the mining of C-glycosylflavones and the corresponding C-glycosyltransferases and evaluate the differences in structure and catalytic mechanisms between C-glycosyltransferase and O-glycosyltransferase. We conclude that promiscuity and specificity are key determinants for general flavonoid C-glycosyltransferase engineering and summarize the C-glycosyltransferase engineering strategy. A thorough understanding of the properties, catalytic mechanisms, and engineering of C-glycosyltransferases will be critical for any future biotechnological applications in areas such as the production of desired C-glycosylflavonoids for nutritional or medicinal use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yao Gao
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Yan Liu
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Fei-Fan Tan
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Li-Wen Zhu
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Kai-Zhi Jia
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Ya-Jie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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Bibi N, Shah MH, Khan N, Al-Hashimi A, Elshikh MS, Iqbal A, Ahmad S, Abbasi AM. Variations in Total Phenolic, Total Flavonoid Contents, and Free Radicals' Scavenging Potential of Onion Varieties Planted under Diverse Environmental Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11070950. [PMID: 35406930 PMCID: PMC9002954 DOI: 10.3390/plants11070950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Genetic diversity and Agro-climatic conditions contribute significantly to the agronomic and morphological features of the food plant species, and their nutraceutical potential. The present study was intended to evaluate the impact of growing conditions on total phenolic and total flavonoid contents, and in vitro antioxidant potential in the bulbs and leaves of onion varieties planted under diverse environmental conditions. Standard analytical methods were used to quantify total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and free radicals’ scavenging/antioxidant capacity. The impact of climatic and soil conditions was assessed using statistical tools. In general, onion varieties cultivated at three different locations viz. Kalar Kahar, Lahore and Swabi exhibited significant variations in TPC and TFC, and antioxidant activities. The bulbs and leaves of Mustang (V1) variety planted at Lahore and Swabi had significantly (p < 0.05), high levels of TPC (659.5 ± 6.59, and 631.1 ± 8.58 mg GAE/100 g, respectively). However, leaves of Red Orb (V2) and bulbs of Mustang (V1), and Golden Orb (V6), harvested from Kalar Kahar depicted the highest concentration of TFC (432.5 ± 10.3, 303.0 ± 6.67, and 303.0 ± 2.52 mg QE/100 g DW, respectively). Likewise, bulbs of V1 planted at Kalar Kahar, Lahore and Swabi exhibited maximum inhibition of DPPH, ABTS, and H2O2 radicals (79.01 ± 1.49, 65.38 ± 0.99, and 59.76 ± 0.90%, respectively). Golden Orb (V6) harvested from Lahore had the highest scavenging of OH radical (67.40 ± 0.09%). Likewise, bulbs of V1 variety planted at KalarKahar and Swabi had significant capacity to scavenge ferric ions (415.1 ± 10.6 mg GAE/100 g DW), and molybdate ions (213.7 ± 0.00 mg AAE/100 g DW). Conversely, leaves of Amazon (V8), planted at Lahore and Swabi depicted significant levels of DPPH, ABTS, H2O2 radical scavenging (90.69 ± 0.26, 63.55 ± 1.06, 51.86 ± 0.43%, respectively), and reduction of ferric ions (184.2 ± 6.75 mg GAE/100 g DW). V6 leaves harvested from Lahore and that of Super Sarhad (V3) from Swabi showed the highest inhibition of OH radical (61.21 ± 0.79%), and molybdate ions (623.6 ± 0.12 mg AAE/100 g DW), respectively. Pearson correlation and principal component analysis revealed strong relationships of climatic conditions, soil properties and elevation with TPC, TFC and free radicals’ scavenging potential in the bulbs and leaves of onion varieties. The variations in the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and antioxidant potential of different varieties, and their associations with climatic and soil factors revealed the complexity of the growing conditions and genetic makeup that imposed significant impacts on the synthesis of secondary metabolites and nutraceutical potential of food and medicinal plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrat Bibi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan; (N.B.); (A.I.)
| | - Munir H. Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan;
| | - Nadeem Khan
- Department of Breeding and Genomics, Magnus Kahl Seeds (Pty), 6A Dairy Drive Coburg North, Coburg, VIC 3058, Australia;
| | - Abdulrahman Al-Hashimi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.-H.); (M.S.E.)
| | - Mohamed Soliman Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.-H.); (M.S.E.)
| | - Akhtar Iqbal
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan; (N.B.); (A.I.)
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100048, China;
| | - Arshad Mehmood Abbasi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan; (N.B.); (A.I.)
- Correspondence: or
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Capsicum Leaves under Stress: Using Multi-Omics Analysis to Detect Abiotic Stress Network of Secondary Metabolism in Two Species. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040671. [PMID: 35453356 PMCID: PMC9029244 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The plant kingdom contains an enormous diversity of bioactive compounds which regulate plant growth and defends against biotic and abiotic stress. Some of these compounds, like flavonoids, have properties which are health supporting and relevant for industrial use. Many of these valuable compounds are synthesized in various pepper (Capsicum sp.) tissues. Further, a huge amount of biomass residual remains from pepper production after harvest, which provides an important opportunity to extract these metabolites and optimize the utilization of crops. Moreover, abiotic stresses induce the synthesis of such metabolites as a defense mechanism. Two different Capsicum species were therefore exposed to chilling temperature (24/18 ℃ vs. 18/12 ℃), to salinity (200 mM NaCl), or a combination thereof for 1, 7 and 14 days to investigate the effect of these stresses on the metabolome and transcriptome profiles of their leaves. Both profiles in both species responded to all stresses with an increase over time. All stresses resulted in repression of photosynthesis genes. Stress involving chilling temperature induced secondary metabolism whereas stresses involving salt repressed cell wall modification and solute transport. The metabolome analysis annotated putatively many health stimulating flavonoids (apigetrin, rutin, kaempferol, luteolin and quercetin) in the Capsicum biomass residuals, which were induced in response to salinity, chilling temperature or a combination thereof, and supported by related structural genes of the secondary metabolism in the network analysis.
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Expression of a Stilbene Synthase Gene from the Vitis labrusca x Vitis vinifera L. Hybrid Increases the Resistance of Transgenic Nicotiana tabacum L. Plants to Erwinia carotovora. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11060770. [PMID: 35336652 PMCID: PMC8954091 DOI: 10.3390/plants11060770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
‘Isabel’ grape (Vitis labrusca x V. vinifera L. hybrid) is one of the main grape cultivars in Russia and some other countries for processing, due to its vigor, tolerance to the main fungal diseases, high yield and potential for sugar accumulation. The stilbene synthase gene VlvSTS was isolated from the hybrid grape cv. Isabel and cloned into a pSS plant transformation vector under the control of a constitutive 35S RNA double promoter of the cauliflower mosaic virus, CaMV 35SS. VlvSTS-gene containing transgenic tobacco lines were obtained and analyzed. For the first time plants expressing the VlvSTS gene were shown to have an enhanced resistance to the bacterial pathogen Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora B15. Transgenic plants were tested for resistance to a number of fungal pathogens. The plants were resistant to the grey mould fungus Botrytis cinerea, but not to the fungi Fusarium oxysporum, F. sporotrichioides, or F. culmorum. According to the results of a high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, the amount of trans-resveratrol in leaves of transgenic plants with the highest expression of the VlvSTS gene was in a range from 150 to 170 μg/g of raw biomass. Change in the color and a decreased anthocyanin content in the flower corollas of transgenic plants were observed in transgenic lines with the highest expression of VlvSTS. A decrease in total flavonoid content was found in the flower petals but not the leaves of these tobacco lines. High expression of the VlvSTS gene influenced pollen development and seed productivity in transgenic plants. The size of pollen grains increased, while their total number per anther decreased. A decrease in the number of fertile pollen grains resulted in a decreased average weight of a seed boll in transgenic plants.
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Ahmed OS, Tardif C, Rouger C, Atanasova V, Richard‐Forget F, Waffo‐Téguo P. Naturally occurring phenolic compounds as promising antimycotoxin agents: Where are we now? Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:1161-1197. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Omar S. Ahmed
- UFR Sciences Pharmaceutiques, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, UR OENOLOGIE, EA 4577, USC 1366, ISVV Univ. Bordeaux 210 chemin de lysotte Villenave d'Ornon 33882 France
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST) 6th of October City Egypt
| | - Charles Tardif
- UFR Sciences Pharmaceutiques, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, UR OENOLOGIE, EA 4577, USC 1366, ISVV Univ. Bordeaux 210 chemin de lysotte Villenave d'Ornon 33882 France
| | - Caroline Rouger
- UFR Sciences Pharmaceutiques, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, UR OENOLOGIE, EA 4577, USC 1366, ISVV Univ. Bordeaux 210 chemin de lysotte Villenave d'Ornon 33882 France
| | - Vessela Atanasova
- RU 1264 Mycology and Food Safety (MycSA) INRAE Villenave d'Ornon France
| | | | - Pierre Waffo‐Téguo
- UFR Sciences Pharmaceutiques, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, UR OENOLOGIE, EA 4577, USC 1366, ISVV Univ. Bordeaux 210 chemin de lysotte Villenave d'Ornon 33882 France
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