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Albaladejo-Marico L, Carvajal M, Yepes-Molina L. Involvement of glucosinolates and phenolics in the promotion of broccoli seedling growth through the modulation of primary and secondary metabolism. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 347:112205. [PMID: 39069007 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Secondary metabolites play an essential role in plant defense. However, the role of glucosinolates and phenols in brassica crop yield in the context of environmentally friendly agricultural practices has not been established. Our study investigated the effects of a Brassica extract, rich in these metabolites, on the physiology and metabolism of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) seedlings and the subsequent development of the plants in adult stages. The results showed an increase in growth in the extract-treated seedlings, which was associated with an alteration of primary and secondary metabolism. In particular, there was an increase in the levels of amino acids, phenolic compounds and hormones, while the levels of glucosinolates decreased. Lipid peroxidation diminished in treated plants, indicating improved membrane integrity. Treated plants subsequently grown in hydroponically showed increased water use efficiency, transpiration, and internal carbon, which contributed to the improved growth of these plants. Overall, our findings underscore the potential of the glucosinolates and phenols ratio as essential to improve crop growth and stress tolerance, as well as revealed the interest of studying the mechanisms involved in the possible uptake and integration of GSLs by broccoli seedlings after external application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Albaladejo-Marico
- Aquaporins Group. Centro de Edafologia y Biologia Aplicada del Segura. CEBAS-CSIC. Campus Universitario de Espinardo - 25, Murcia E-30100, Spain
| | - Micaela Carvajal
- Aquaporins Group. Centro de Edafologia y Biologia Aplicada del Segura. CEBAS-CSIC. Campus Universitario de Espinardo - 25, Murcia E-30100, Spain
| | - Lucia Yepes-Molina
- Aquaporins Group. Centro de Edafologia y Biologia Aplicada del Segura. CEBAS-CSIC. Campus Universitario de Espinardo - 25, Murcia E-30100, Spain.
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Morante-Carriel J, Živković S, Nájera H, Sellés-Marchart S, Martínez-Márquez A, Martínez-Esteso MJ, Obrebska A, Samper-Herrero A, Bru-Martínez R. Prenylated Flavonoids of the Moraceae Family: A Comprehensive Review of Their Biological Activities. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1211. [PMID: 38732426 PMCID: PMC11085352 DOI: 10.3390/plants13091211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Prenylated flavonoids (PFs) are natural flavonoids with a prenylated side chain attached to the flavonoid skeleton. They have great potential for biological activities such as anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, enzyme inhibition, and anti-Alzheimer's effects. Medicinal chemists have recently paid increasing attention to PFs, which have become vital for developing new therapeutic agents. PFs have quickly developed through isolation and semi- or full synthesis, proving their high value in medicinal chemistry research. This review comprehensively summarizes the research progress of PFs, including natural PFs from the Moraceae family and their pharmacological activities. This information provides a basis for the selective design and optimization of multifunctional PF derivatives to treat multifactorial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Morante-Carriel
- Plant Proteomics and Functional Genomics Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Soil and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; (H.N.); (M.J.M.-E.); (A.O.); (A.S.-H.); (R.B.-M.)
- Plant Biotechnology Group, Faculty of Forestry and Agricultural Sciences, Quevedo State Technical University, Av. Quito km. 1 1/2 vía a Santo Domingo de los Tsachilas, Quevedo 120501, Ecuador
| | - Suzana Živković
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Hugo Nájera
- Plant Proteomics and Functional Genomics Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Soil and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; (H.N.); (M.J.M.-E.); (A.O.); (A.S.-H.); (R.B.-M.)
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana–Cuajimalpa, Av. Vasco de Quiroga 4871, Colonia Santa Fe Cuajimalpa, Alcaldía Cuajimalpa de Morelos, Mexico City 05348, Mexico
| | - Susana Sellés-Marchart
- Research Technical Facility, Proteomics and Genomics Division, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain;
| | - Ascensión Martínez-Márquez
- Plant Proteomics and Functional Genomics Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Soil and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; (H.N.); (M.J.M.-E.); (A.O.); (A.S.-H.); (R.B.-M.)
| | - María José Martínez-Esteso
- Plant Proteomics and Functional Genomics Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Soil and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; (H.N.); (M.J.M.-E.); (A.O.); (A.S.-H.); (R.B.-M.)
| | - Anna Obrebska
- Plant Proteomics and Functional Genomics Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Soil and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; (H.N.); (M.J.M.-E.); (A.O.); (A.S.-H.); (R.B.-M.)
| | - Antonio Samper-Herrero
- Plant Proteomics and Functional Genomics Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Soil and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; (H.N.); (M.J.M.-E.); (A.O.); (A.S.-H.); (R.B.-M.)
| | - Roque Bru-Martínez
- Plant Proteomics and Functional Genomics Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Soil and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Alicante, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; (H.N.); (M.J.M.-E.); (A.O.); (A.S.-H.); (R.B.-M.)
- Multidisciplinary Institute for the Study of the Environment (IMEM), University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Alicante, Spain
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Muthusamy M, Lee SI. Abiotic stress-induced secondary metabolite production in Brassica: opportunities and challenges. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1323085. [PMID: 38239210 PMCID: PMC10794482 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1323085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Over the decades, extensive research efforts have been undertaken to understand how secondary plant metabolites are affected by genetic, environmental, and agronomic factors. Understanding the genetic basis of stress-response metabolite biosynthesis is crucial for sustainable agriculture production amidst frequent occurrence of climatic anomalies. Although it is known that environmental factors influence phytochemical profiles and their content, studies of plant compounds in relation to stress mitigation are only emerging and largely hindered by phytochemical diversities and technical shortcomings in measurement techniques. Despite these challenges, considerable success has been achieved in profiling of secondary metabolites such as glucosinolates, flavonoids, carotenoids, phenolic acids and alkaloids. In this study, we aimed to understand the roles of glucosinolates, flavonoids, carotenoids, phenolic acids and alkaloids in relation to their abiotic stress response, with a focus on the developing of stress-resilient crops. The focal genus is the Brassica since it (i) possesses variety of specialized phytochemicals that are important for its plant defense against major abiotic stresses, and (ii) hosts many economically important crops that are sensitive to adverse growth conditions. We summarize that augmented levels of specialized metabolites in Brassica primarily function as stress mitigators against oxidative stress, which is a secondary stressor in many abiotic stresses. Furthermore, it is clear that functional characterization of stress-response metabolites or their genetic pathways describing biosynthesis is essential for developing stress-resilient Brassica crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soo In Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS), Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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Khawula S, Gokul A, Niekerk LA, Basson G, Keyster M, Badiwe M, Klein A, Nkomo M. Insights into the Effects of Hydroxycinnamic Acid and Its Secondary Metabolites as Antioxidants for Oxidative Stress and Plant Growth under Environmental Stresses. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 46:81-95. [PMID: 38275667 PMCID: PMC10814621 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant immobility renders plants constantly susceptible to various abiotic and biotic stresses. Abiotic and biotic stresses are known to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), which cause comparable cellular secondary reactions (osmotic or oxidative stress), leading to agricultural productivity constraints worldwide. To mitigate the challenges caused by these stresses, plants have evolved a variety of adaptive strategies. Phenolic acids form a key component of these strategies, as they are predominantly known to be secreted by plants in response to abiotic or biotic stresses. Phenolic acids can be divided into different subclasses based on their chemical structures, such as hydroxybenzoic acids and hydroxycinnamic acids. This review analyzes hydroxycinnamic acids and their derivatives as they increase under stressful conditions, so to withstand environmental stresses they regulate physiological processes through acting as signaling molecules that regulate gene expression and biochemical pathways. The mechanism of action used by hydroxycinnamic acid involves minimization of oxidative damage to maintain cellular homeostasis and protect vital cellular components from harm. The purpose of this review is to highlight the potential of hydroxycinnamic acid metabolites/derivatives as potential antioxidants. We review the uses of different secondary metabolites associated with hydroxycinnamic acid and their contributions to plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindiswa Khawula
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, University of Zululand, Main Road, Kwa-Dlangezwa 3886, South Africa;
| | - Arun Gokul
- Department of Plant Sciences, Qwaqwa Campus, University of Free State, Phuthadithaba 9866, South Africa;
| | - Lee-Ann Niekerk
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (L.-A.N.); (G.B.); (M.K.)
| | - Gerhard Basson
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (L.-A.N.); (G.B.); (M.K.)
| | - Marshall Keyster
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (L.-A.N.); (G.B.); (M.K.)
| | - Mihlali Badiwe
- Department of Plant Pathology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7435, South Africa;
| | - Ashwil Klein
- Plant Omics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Mbukeni Nkomo
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, University of Zululand, Main Road, Kwa-Dlangezwa 3886, South Africa;
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Zhang X, Wang X, Zhang W, Chen Q. Combined Application of Myo-Inositol and Corn Steep Liquor from Agricultural Waste Alleviate Salt Stress in Brassica rapa. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:4110. [PMID: 38140437 PMCID: PMC10748129 DOI: 10.3390/plants12244110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Salinity poses a significant threat to plant growth through induction of osmotic and ionic stress and disruption of nutrient absorption. Biostimulants derived from agricultural waste offer a sustainable solution to alleviate salt-induced damage to plants and contribute to a circular and sustainable economy. In this study, we applied a combination of myo-inositol and corn steep liquor from waste sources to seedling cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) and investigated their effects on plant growth under NaCl-simulated salt stress. Different concentrations of myo-inositol and corn steep liquor were applied to the roots, revealing that 150 mM NaCl significantly inhibited the growth and physiological metabolism of cabbage seedlings. Substrate application of myo-inositol, corn steep liquor, and their combination materials increased biomass, photosynthetic pigments, soluble sugars, soluble proteins, and the contents of K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ in cabbage under salt stress conditions, while reducing malondialdehyde, electrolyte leakage, Na+ content, and the ratios of Na+/K+, Na+/Ca2+, and Na+/Mg2+. Therefore, root application of myo-inositol, corn steep liquor, and myo-inositol-corn steep liquor combination materials enhanced photosynthesis and enhanced cabbage salt stress resistance by maintaining cell osmotic and ion balance. The most pronounced positive effects were observed in the treatment with 0.1 mL L-1 corn steep liquor +288 mg L-1 myo-inositol. This study provides a theoretical basis and technical guidance for the combined utilization of myo-inositol and corn steep liquor to boost early growth and salt resistance in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjun Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmyard Soil Pollution Prevention-Control and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.Z.); (X.W.); (Q.C.)
| | - Xian Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmyard Soil Pollution Prevention-Control and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.Z.); (X.W.); (Q.C.)
| | - Wenna Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmyard Soil Pollution Prevention-Control and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.Z.); (X.W.); (Q.C.)
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Kurt-Celebi A, Colak N, Zeljković SĆ, Tarkowski P, Zengin AY, Ayaz FA. Pre- and post-melatonin mitigates the effect of ionizing radiation-induced damage in wheat by modulating the antioxidant machinery. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 204:108045. [PMID: 37847970 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
As an indolamine, melatonin (C13H16N2O2) performs essential roles in the regulation of plant growth and development and ameliorates the harmful effects of abiotic stresses. This study examined two types of melatonin application, pre-sowing (prMel) and application during growth (ptMel), in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings exposed to four different doses (100, 200, 300, and 400 Gy) of radioactive cobalt (60Co) gamma rays as dry seeds to investigate their ameliorative effects on ionizing radiation (IR) stress. Peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, mono- and dihydroxyperoxidase, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activities, and levels of lipid peroxidation, H2O2, and total glutathione (GSH), and phenolic acids (PHAs) in soluble free, ester, glycoside and ester-bound forms were examined in the seedlings. Both melatonin applications were found to increase lipid peroxidation, H2O2, and GSH contents previously reduced by gamma irradiation. The IR treatment-induced increases in enzyme activities were significantly reduced by melatonin applications. The study findings indicated that high doses of IR resulted in significant decreases in the activity and levels of the measured traits. The predominant PHAs in the tissues were vanillic, ferulic, and p-coumaric acids. In addition, ptMel application combined with IR stress lowered the total phenolic acid contents in the soluble forms while increasing those in the cell wall-bound form. In conclusion, the antioxidant system in the seedlings exposed to the different gamma ray doses was regulated by prMel and ptMel applications in such a manner as to alleviate IR stress-induced oxidatives damages in the wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aynur Kurt-Celebi
- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Biology Graduate Program, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey.
| | - Nesrin Colak
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Sanja Ćavar Zeljković
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Genetic Resources for Vegetables, Medicinal and Special Plants, Crop Research Institute, Šlechtitelů 29, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Tarkowski
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Genetic Resources for Vegetables, Medicinal and Special Plants, Crop Research Institute, Šlechtitelů 29, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ahmet Yasar Zengin
- Kanuni Training & Research Hospital, Department of Radiation Oncology, 61010, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Faik Ahmet Ayaz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey
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Lee BR, Park SH, Muchlas M, La VH, Al Mamun M, Bae DW, Kim TH. Differential response of phenylpropanoid pathway as linked to hormonal change in two Brassica napus cultivars contrasting drought tolerance. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14115. [PMID: 38148216 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is a significant agro-economic crop with a wide range of uses. Drought is the most frequent unfavourable environmental stressor restraining its growth and development worldwide. This study was conducted to characterize the drought-responsive phenylpropanoid pathway and its link to hormonal changes in two cultivars, drought-resistant "Saturnin" and drought-susceptible "Mosa." Drought susceptibility in cv. Mosa was confirmed by its lower water use efficiency and higher lipid peroxidation levels with reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. In cv. Saturnin, higher salicylic acid (SA) levels and expression of dehydration-responsive element binding 2 (DREB2) and non-expressor of pathogenesis-related gene 1 (NPR1) led to an upregulation of production of anthocyanin pigment 1 (PAP1) and phenylpropanoid pathway-related gene (CHS, F5H and COMT1) expression, increasing hydroxycinnamic acid and flavonoid compound concentrations. However, in cv. Mosa, higher increases in the activity of lignifying enzymes (polyphenol oxidase, coniferyl alcohol peroxidase, syringaldazine peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase) and expression of the lignin synthesis-related gene cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (CAD2) were found along with greater increases in abscisic acid (ABA) levels and upregulation of ABA-responsive element binding 2 (AREB2) and basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor MYC2. These results indicate that drought-induced SA-mediated activation of the hydroxycinnamic acid and flavonoid pathways contributes to drought resistance, whereas ABA-mediated lignification contributes to drought susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bok-Rye Lee
- Grassland Science Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Park
- Grassland Science Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Muchamad Muchlas
- Grassland Science Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Van Hien La
- Grassland Science Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Center of Crop Research for Adaptation to Climate Change (CRCC), Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, Vietnam
| | - Md Al Mamun
- Grassland Science Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Won Bae
- Core-Facility Center for High-Tech Materials Analysis, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- Grassland Science Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Sun M, Wei S, Liu J, Wang L, Zhang Y, Hu L, Piao J, Liang Z, Jiang H, Xin D, Zhao Y, Chen Q, Foyer CH, Liu C, Qi Z. The impact of GmTSA and GmALS on soybean salt tolerance: uncovering the molecular landscape of amino acid and secondary metabolism pathways. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:212. [PMID: 37740151 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04461-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE GmTSA and GmALS were screened out for salt stress in soybean and explore the poteintial amino acid secondary metabolism pathways. Soybean (Glycine max L.) is an oil and protein crop of global importance, and salinity has significant effects on soybean growth. Here, a population of soybean chromosome segment substitution lines was screened to identify highly salt-tolerant lines. In total, 24 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on seven chromosomes were associated with salt tolerance, and CSSL_R71 was selected for further analysis. Although numerous genes were differentially expressed in CSSL_R71 in response to salt statically no differently, transcript levels of classical salt-response genes, including those of the salt overly sensitive pathway. Rather, salt tolerance in CSSL_R71 was associated with changes in amino acid and lipid metabolism. In particular, changes in p-coumaric acid, shikimic acid, and pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid levels accompanied salt tolerance in CSSL_R71. Eleven differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to amino acid and secondary metabolism were identified as candidate genes on the substituted chromosome fragment. Six of these showed differences in coding sequence between the parental genotypes. Crucially, overexpression of GmTSA (Glyma.03G158400, tryptophan synthase) significantly enhanced salt tolerance in soybean hairy roots, whereas overexpression of GmALS (Glyma.13G241000, acetolactate synthase) decreased salt tolerance. Two KASP markers were developed for GmALS and used to genotype salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive lines in the CSSL population. Non-synonymous mutations were directly associated with salt tolerance. Taken together, these data provide evidence that changes in amino acid and secondary metabolism have the potential to confer salt tolerance in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Sun
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Siming Wei
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiarui Liu
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Luyao Wang
- Institute of Rural Revitalization Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150028, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Limin Hu
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingxi Piao
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Liang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Jiang
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Soybean Research Institute, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Dawei Xin
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhao
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingshan Chen
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Christine H Foyer
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK.
| | - Chunyan Liu
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhaoming Qi
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.
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Alyahya N, Taybi T. Comparative transcriptomic profiling reveals differentially expressed genes and important related metabolic pathways in shoots and roots of a Saudi wheat cultivar (Najran) under salinity stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1225541. [PMID: 37588415 PMCID: PMC10425591 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1225541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
High salinity of soil is a threatening constraint for agricultural output worldwide. The adverse effects of salt stress on plants can be revealed in different manners, from phenotypic to genetic changes. A comparative RNA-Sequencing analysis was done in roots and shoots of bread wheat, Najran cultivar between plants grown under unstressed control condition (0 mM NaCl) and salt treatment (200 mM NaCl). More than 135 million and 137 million pair-end reads were obtained from root and shoot samples, respectively. Of which, the mapped reads to Triticum aestivum genome IWGSC_V51 ranged from 83.9% to 85% in the root and 71.6% to 79% in the shoot. Interestingly, a comparison of transcriptomic profiling identified that total number of significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) examined in the roots was much higher than that found in the shoots under NaCl treatment, 5829 genes were differentially expressed in the roots whereas 3495 genes in the shoots. The salt-induced change in the transcriptome was confirmed by RT-qPCR using a set of randomly selected genes. KEGG enrichment analysis classified all DEGs in both roots and shoots into 25 enriched KEGG pathways from three main KEGG classes: Metabolism, organismal systems and genetic information processing. According to that, the most significantly regulated pathways in the root and shoot tissues were glutathione metabolism and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites such as phenylpropanoids and galactose metabolism suggesting that these pathways might participate in wheat salt tolerance. The findings highlight the importance of the control of oxidative stress via Glutathione and phenylpropanoids and the regulation of galactose metabolism in the roots and shoots for salt-tolerance in wheat. They open promising prospects for engineering salt-tolerance in this important crop via targeted improvement of the regulation of key genes in the production of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norah Alyahya
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahar Taybi
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Farooq N, Khan MO, Ahmed MZ, Fatima S, Nawaz MA, Abideen Z, Nielsen BL, Ahmad N. Salt-Induced Modulation of Ion Transport and PSII Photoprotection Determine the Salinity Tolerance of Amphidiploid Brassicas. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2590. [PMID: 37514204 PMCID: PMC10386101 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Brassica species show varying levels of resistance to salt stress. To understand the genetics underlying these differential stress tolerance patterns in Brassicas, we exposed two widely cultivated amphidiploid Brassica species having different genomes, Brassica juncea (AABB, n = 18) and Brassica napus (AACC, n = 19), to elevated levels of NaCl concentration (300 mM, half the salinity of seawater). B. juncea produced more biomass, an increased chlorophyll content, and fewer accumulated sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-) ions in its photosynthesizing tissues. Chlorophyll fluorescence assays revealed that the reaction centers of PSII of B. juncea were more photoprotected and hence more active than those of B. napus under NaCl stress, which, in turn, resulted in a better PSII quantum efficiency, better utilization of photochemical energy with significantly reduced energy loss, and higher electron transport rates, even under stressful conditions. The expression of key genes responsible for salt tolerance (NHX1 and AVP1, which are nuclear-encoded) and photosynthesis (psbA, psaA, petB, and rbcL, which are chloroplast-encoded) were monitored for their genetic differences underlying stress tolerance. Under NaCl stress, the expression of NHX1, D1, and Rubisco increased several folds in B. juncea plants compared to B. napus, highlighting differences in genetics between these two Brassicas. The higher photosynthetic potential under stress suggests that B. juncea is a promising candidate for genetic modifications and its cultivation on marginal lands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisma Farooq
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College (NIBGE-C), Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (N.F.); (M.O.K.); (S.F.); (M.A.N.)
| | - Muhammad Omar Khan
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College (NIBGE-C), Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (N.F.); (M.O.K.); (S.F.); (M.A.N.)
| | - Muhammad Zaheer Ahmed
- Dr Muhammad Ajmal Khan Institute of Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; (M.Z.A.); (Z.A.)
| | - Samia Fatima
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College (NIBGE-C), Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (N.F.); (M.O.K.); (S.F.); (M.A.N.)
| | - Muhammad Asif Nawaz
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College (NIBGE-C), Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (N.F.); (M.O.K.); (S.F.); (M.A.N.)
| | - Zainul Abideen
- Dr Muhammad Ajmal Khan Institute of Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; (M.Z.A.); (Z.A.)
| | - Brent L. Nielsen
- Microbiology & Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Niaz Ahmad
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College (NIBGE-C), Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (N.F.); (M.O.K.); (S.F.); (M.A.N.)
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11
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Davosir D, Šola I. Membrane permeabilizers enhance biofortification of Brassica microgreens by interspecific transfer of metabolites from tea (Camellia sinensis). Food Chem 2023; 420:136186. [PMID: 37087866 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Interspecific metabolite transfer (ISMT) is a novel approach for plants biofortification. In this study, the effect of tea (Camellia sinensis; Cs), with or without membrane permeabilizers EDTA and Tween, as a donor plant on broccoli, cauliflower and kale sprouts was investigated. As a result, caffeine- and catechin-enriched broccoli, cauliflower and kale microgreens were produced. Kale sprouts were most permeable for catechins from Cs, while cauliflower was most permeable for caffeine. Cs + EDTA significantly increased vitamin C in broccoli and kale. Among the tested enzymes activity, pancreatic lipase was the most affected by the treatment with broccoli and cauliflower biofortified with Cs or Cs combined with permeabilizers. Broccoli sprouts biofortified with Cs most significantly inhibited α-amylase, while those biofortified with Cs combined with permeabilizers most significantly inhibited α-glucosidase. Results point to ISMT combined with membrane permeabilizers as a promising and eco-friendly biofortification strategy to improve the biopotential of Brassica microgreens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dino Davosir
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Ivana Šola
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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12
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Shams M, Yuksel EA, Agar G, Ekinci M, Kul R, Turan M, Yildirim E. Biosynthesis of capsaicinoids in pungent peppers under salinity stress. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13889. [PMID: 36905231 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of capsaicinoids occurs in the placenta of the fruits of pungent peppers. However, the mechanism of capsaicinoids' biosynthesis in pungent peppers under salinity stress conditions is unknown. The Habanero and Maras genotypes, the hottest peppers in the world, were chosen as plant material for this study, and they were grown under normal and salinity (5 dS m-1 ) conditions. The results showed that salinity stress harmed plant growth but increased the capsaicin content by 35.11% and 37.00%, as well as the dihydrocapsaicin content by 30.82% and 72.89% in the fruits of the Maras and Habanero genotypes, respectively, at 30 days after planting. The expression analysis of key genes in capsaicinoids biosynthesis revealed that the PAL1, pAMT, KAS, and PUN1 genes were overexpressed in the vegetative and reproductive organs of pungent peppers under normal conditions. However, under salinity stress, overexpression of PAL1, pAMT, and PUN1 genes was identified in the roots of both genotypes, which was accompanied by an increase in capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin content. The findings showed that salinity stress caused an enhancement in the capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin contents in the roots, leaves, and fruits of pungent peppers. Nonetheless, it was found that the production of capsaicinoids is generally not restricted to the fruits of pungent peppers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafakamal Shams
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Esra Arslan Yuksel
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Atatürk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey
| | - Guleray Agar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey
| | - Melek Ekinci
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Atatürk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey
| | - Raziye Kul
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Atatürk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey
| | - Metin Turan
- Department of Genetic and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ertan Yildirim
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Atatürk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey
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13
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Lučić D, Pavlović I, Brkljačić L, Bogdanović S, Farkaš V, Cedilak A, Nanić L, Rubelj I, Salopek-Sondi B. Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities of Kale ( Brassica oleracea L. Var. acephala DC.) and Wild Cabbage ( Brassica incana Ten.) Polyphenolic Extracts. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041840. [PMID: 36838827 PMCID: PMC9958672 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brassicaceae are rich in healthy phytochemicals that have a positive impact on human health. The aim of this study was to analyze the phenolic compounds and antioxidant and anticancer potential of traditional Croatian kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC.) and wild cabbage (Brassica incana Ten.) extracts. The phenolic groups and antioxidant activity were determined by spectrophotometry, selected phenolic compounds (ferulic acid, sinapic acid, salicylic acid, kaempferol, and quercetin) were analyzed by LC-MS/MS, and anticancer potential was evaluated in vitro using HeLa cells. The extracts of both plant species are rich in phenolic compounds and showed significant antioxidant activity at similar levels. LC-MS/MS detected sinapic acid as the most abundant phenolic acid, followed by ferulic acid, while salicylic acid was present at lower concentrations. A comparative analysis showed that wild cabbage contained significantly more sinapic acid, while kale contained more kaempferol and quercetin. Both Brassica extracts at a concentration of 50 µg mL-1 showed an antiproliferative effect on HeLa cells, while they did not affect the proliferation of normal human skin fibroblasts. Wild cabbage extract also showed an antiproliferative effect on HeLa cells at a lower applied concentration of 10 µg mL-1 of extracts. The clonogenic analysis also revealed the inhibitory effect of the extracts on HeLa colony growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Lučić
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Iva Pavlović
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lidija Brkljačić
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sandro Bogdanović
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vladimir Farkaš
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andrea Cedilak
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lucia Nanić
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivica Rubelj
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Branka Salopek-Sondi
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-1-4561143
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14
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Nicolas-Espinosa J, Garcia-Ibañez P, Lopez-Zaplana A, Yepes-Molina L, Albaladejo-Marico L, Carvajal M. Confronting Secondary Metabolites with Water Uptake and Transport in Plants under Abiotic Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032826. [PMID: 36769147 PMCID: PMC9917477 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds and glucosinolates are secondary plant metabolites that play fundamental roles in plant resistance to abiotic stress. These compounds have been found to increase in stress situations related to plant adaptive capacity. This review assesses the functions of phenolic compounds and glucosinolates in plant interactions involving abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, high temperature, metals toxicity, and mineral deficiency or excess. Furthermore, their relation with water uptake and transport mediated through aquaporins is reviewed. In this way, the increases of phenolic compounds and glucosinolate synthesis have been related to primary responses to abiotic stress and induction of resistance. Thus, their metabolic pathways, root exudation, and external application are related to internal cell and tissue movement, with a lack of information in this latter aspect.
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15
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Yin Y, Hu J, Yang Z, Fang W, Yang J. Effects of methyl jasmonate and NaCl treatments on the resveratrol accumulation and defensive responses in germinated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 194:664-673. [PMID: 36563572 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and sodium chloride (NaCl) treatments on the resveratrol biosynthesis and physiology of peanuts during germination were investigated. The results showed that MeJA (150 μM) and NaCl (150 mM) treatments significantly promoted resveratrol biosynthesis in germinated peanuts. MeJA and NaCl treatments promoted resveratrol accumulation by regulating the activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase (C4H) and 4-coumarate coenzyme A ligase (4CL) and their gene expression levels in cotyledons and non-cotyledons. In addition, both MeJA and NaCl treatments inhibited peanut sprout growth, as evidenced by shorter sprout length, increased malondialdehyde content, and accumulation of reactive oxygen species in cotyledons and non-cotyledons. Both treatments' germinated peanuts responded to the environmental stimuli by raising the activities of antioxidant enzymes and controlling the levels of their gene' expression. Meanwhile, MeJA and NaCl treatments promoted Ca2+ aggregation in the root tips. Therefore, it can be deduced that Ca2+ may help improve the plant's resistance to adversity. In conclusion, treatment with MeJA (150 μM) or NaCl (150 mM) during germination is an effective way to enrich the resveratrol content of peanuts. Germinated peanuts enhance adaptation to the external environment by promoting resveratrol biosynthesis and enhancing antioxidant systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqi Yin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jingjing Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhengfei Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weiming Fang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jia Yang
- Yangzhou Center for Food and Drug Control, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225000, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Unravelling the Morphological, Physiological, and Phytochemical Responses in Centella asiatica L. Urban to Incremental Salinity Stress. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:life13010061. [PMID: 36676010 PMCID: PMC9863369 DOI: 10.3390/life13010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Centella asiatica L. as a traditional medicinal plant is popular in several Asian countries and characterized by the presence of phytochemicals, such as phenolics and flavonoids. Soil salinity can affect the growth and phytochemical composition in this plant species. In this study, the effects of incremental soil salinity (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mM NaCl) on growth, physiological characteristics, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents, including the antioxidant activity of Centella asiatica L., were evaluated under greenhouse conditions. Salinity stress reduced growth, biomass production, and total chlorophyll contents, while increasing electrolyte leakage, Na+ and Cl- contents in the shoots and roots. With the increase of salt concentration, total phenolic, total flavonoid content and antioxidant activities were increased. The results showed that centella can tolerate saline conditions up to 100 mM NaCl. Na+ exclusion from the roots, and that increases of phytochemical content in the shoots were related to the salt tolerance of this species.
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17
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Sindhu SS, Sehrawat A, Glick BR. The involvement of organic acids in soil fertility, plant health and environment sustainability. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:720. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03321-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Ayaz M, Ali Q, Jiang Q, Wang R, Wang Z, Mu G, Khan SA, Khan AR, Manghwar H, Wu H, Gao X, Gu Q. Salt Tolerant Bacillus Strains Improve Plant Growth Traits and Regulation of Phytohormones in Wheat under Salinity Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11202769. [PMID: 36297795 PMCID: PMC9608499 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is a major constraint adversely affecting agricultural crops including wheat worldwide. The use of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) to alleviate salt stress in crops has attracted the focus of many researchers due to its safe and eco-friendly nature. The current study aimed to study the genetic potential of high halophilic Bacillus strains, isolated from the rhizosphere in the extreme environment of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau region of China, to reduce salt stress in wheat plants. The genetic analysis of high halophilic strains, NMCN1, LLCG23, and moderate halophilic stain, FZB42, revealed their key genetic features that play an important role in salt stress, osmotic regulation, signal transduction and membrane transport. Consequently, the expression of predicted salt stress-related genes were upregulated in the halophilic strains upon NaCl treatments 10, 16 and 18%, as compared with control. The halophilic strains also induced a stress response in wheat plants through the regulation of lipid peroxidation, abscisic acid and proline in a very efficient manner. Furthermore, NMCN1 and LLCG23 significantly enhanced wheat growth parameters in terms of physiological traits, i.e., fresh weight 31.2% and 29.7%, dry weight 28.6% and 27.3%, shoot length 34.2% and 31.3% and root length 32.4% and 30.2%, respectively, as compared to control plants under high NaCl concentration (200 mmol). The Bacillus strains NMCN1 and LLCG23 efficiently modulated phytohormones, leading to the substantial enhancement of plant tolerance towards salt stress. Therefore, we concluded that NMCN1 and LLCG23 contain a plethora of genetic features enabling them to combat with salt stress, which could be widely used in different bio-formulations to obtain high crop production in saline conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ayaz
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qurban Ali
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qifan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ruoyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhengqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guangyuan Mu
- Shenzhen Batian Ecological Engineering Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Sabaz Ali Khan
- Biotechnology Department, College of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Abdur Rashid Khan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hakim Manghwar
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - Huijun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xuewen Gao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qin Gu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Lim I, Kang M, Kim BC, Ha J. Metabolomic and transcriptomic changes in mungbean ( Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek) sprouts under salinity stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1030677. [PMID: 36325566 PMCID: PMC9618701 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1030677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mungbean (Vigna radiata) sprouts are consumed globally as a healthy food with high nutritional values, having antioxidant and anticancer capacity. Under mild salinity stress, plants accumulate more secondary metabolites to alleviate oxidative stress. In this study, metabolomic and transcriptomic changes in mungbean sprouts were identified using a reference cultivar, sunhwa, to understand the regulatory mechanisms of secondary metabolites in response to salinity stress. Under salinity conditions, the contents of phenylpropanoid-derived metabolites, including catechin, chlorogenic acid, isovitexin, p-coumaric acid, syringic acid, ferulic acid, and vitexin, significantly increased. Through RNA sequencing, 728 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and 20 DEGs were detected in phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthetic pathways. Among them, 11 DEGs encoding key enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of the secondary metabolites that increased after NaCl treatment were significantly upregulated, including dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (log2FC 1.46), caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase (1.38), chalcone synthase (1.15), and chalcone isomerase (1.19). Transcription factor families, such as MYB, WRKY, and bHLH, were also identified as upregulated DEGs, which play a crucial role in stress responses in plants. Furthermore, this study showed that mild salinity stress can increase the contents of phenylpropanoids and flavonoids in mungbean sprouts through transcriptional regulation of the key enzymes involved in the biosynthetic pathways. Overall, these findings will provide valuable information for molecular breeders and scientists interested in improving the nutritional quality of sprout vegetables.
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20
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Mechanisms of Kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) Tolerance to Individual and Combined Stresses of Drought and Elevated Temperature. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911494. [PMID: 36232818 PMCID: PMC9570052 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rising temperatures and pronounced drought are significantly affecting biodiversity worldwide and reducing yields and quality of Brassica crops. To elucidate the mechanisms of tolerance, 33 kale accessions (B. oleracea var. acephala) were evaluated for individual (osmotic and elevated temperature stress) and combined stress (osmotic + temperature). Using root growth, biomass and proline content as reliable markers, accessions were evaluated for stress responses. Four representatives were selected for further investigation (photosynthetic performance, biochemical markers, sugar content, specialized metabolites, transcription level of transcription factors NAC, HSF, DREB and expression of heat shock proteins HSP70 and HSP90): very sensitive (392), moderately sensitive (395), tolerant (404) and most tolerant (411). Accessions more tolerant to stress conditions were characterized by higher basal content of proline, total sugars, glucosinolates and higher transcription of NAC and DREB. Under all stress conditions, 392 was characterized by a significant decrease in biomass, root growth, photosynthesis performance, fructan content, especially under osmotic and combined stress, a significant increase in HSF transcription and HSP accumulation under temperature stress and a significant decrease in NAC transcription under all stresses. The most tolerant accession under all applied stresses, 411 showed the least changes in all analyzed parameters compared with the other accessions.
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21
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Phour M, Sindhu SS. Mitigating abiotic stress: microbiome engineering for improving agricultural production and environmental sustainability. PLANTA 2022; 256:85. [PMID: 36125564 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03997-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The responses of plants to different abiotic stresses and mechanisms involved in their mitigation are discussed. Production of osmoprotectants, antioxidants, enzymes and other metabolites by beneficial microorganisms and their bioengineering ameliorates environmental stresses to improve food production. Progressive intensification of global agriculture, injudicious use of agrochemicals and change in climate conditions have deteriorated soil health, diminished the microbial biodiversity and resulted in environment pollution along with increase in biotic and abiotic stresses. Extreme weather conditions and erratic rains have further imposed additional stress for the growth and development of plants. Dominant abiotic stresses comprise drought, temperature, increased salinity, acidity, metal toxicity and nutrient starvation in soil, which severely limit crop production. For promoting sustainable crop production in environmentally challenging environments, use of beneficial microbes has emerged as a safer and sustainable means for mitigation of abiotic stresses resulting in improved crop productivity. These stress-tolerant microorganisms play an effective role against abiotic stresses by enhancing the antioxidant potential, improving nutrient acquisition, regulating the production of plant hormones, ACC deaminase, siderophore and exopolysaccharides and accumulating osmoprotectants and, thus, stimulating plant biomass and crop yield. In addition, bioengineering of beneficial microorganisms provides an innovative approach to enhance stress tolerance in plants. The use of genetically engineered stress-tolerant microbes as inoculants of crop plants may facilitate their use for enhanced nutrient cycling along with amelioration of abiotic stresses to improve food production for the ever-increasing population. In this chapter, an overview is provided about the current understanding of plant-bacterial interactions that help in alleviating abiotic stress in different crop systems in the face of climate change. This review largely focuses on the importance and need of sustainable and environmentally friendly approaches using beneficial microbes for ameliorating the environmental stresses in our agricultural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Phour
- Department of Microbiology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, India
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Satyavir S Sindhu
- Department of Microbiology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, India.
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22
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Liu S, Wang C, Gou J, Dong Y, Tian W, Fu L, Xiao Y, Luo X, He Z, Xia X, Cao S. Genome-wide association study of ferulic acid content using 90K and 660K SNP chips in wheat. J Cereal Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2022.103498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Nkomo M, Gokul A, Ndimba R, Badiwe M, Keyster M, Klein A. Piperonylic acid alters growth, mineral content accumulation and reactive oxygen species-scavenging capacity in chia seedlings. AOB PLANTS 2022; 14:plac025. [PMID: 35734448 PMCID: PMC9206689 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plac025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
p-Coumaric acid synthesis in plants involves the conversion of phenylalanine to trans-cinnamic acid via phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), which is then hydroxylated at the para-position under the action of trans-cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase. Alternatively, some PAL enzymes accept tyrosine as an alternative substrate and convert tyrosine directly to p-coumaric acid without the intermediary of trans-cinnamic acid. In recent years, the contrasting roles of p-coumaric acid in regulating the growth and development of plants have been well-documented. To understand the contribution of trans-cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase activity in p-coumaric acid-mediated plant growth, mineral content accumulation and the regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), we investigated the effect of piperonylic acid (a trans-cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase inhibitor) on plant growth, essential macroelements, osmolyte content, ROS-induced oxidative damage, antioxidant enzyme activities and phytohormone levels in chia seedlings. Piperonylic acid restricted chia seedling growth by reducing shoot length, fresh weight, leaf area measurements and p-coumaric acid content. Apart from sodium, piperonylic acid significantly reduced the accumulation of other essential macroelements (such as K, P, Ca and Mg) relative to the untreated control. Enhanced proline, superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde contents were observed. The inhibition of trans-cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase activity significantly increased the enzymatic activities of ROS-scavenging enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase and guaiacol peroxidase. In addition, piperonylic acid caused a reduction in indole-3-acetic acid and salicylic acid content. In conclusion, the reduction in chia seedling growth in response to piperonylic acid may be attributed to a reduction in p-coumaric acid content coupled with elevated ROS-induced oxidative damage, and restricted mineral and phytohormone (indole-3-acetic acid and salicylic) levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mbukeni Nkomo
- Plant Omics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Life Science Building, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7530, South Africa
- Department of Agriculture, University of Zululand, Main Road, KwaDlagezwe 3886, South Africa
| | - Arun Gokul
- Department of Plant Sciences, Qwaqwa Campus, University of the Free State, Phuthadithjaba 9866, South Africa
| | - Roya Ndimba
- Radiation Biophysics Division, Ithemba LABS (Laboratory for Accelerator Based Sciences), Nuclear Medicine Department, National Research Foundation, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
| | - Mihlali Badiwe
- Plant Omics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Life Science Building, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7530, South Africa
| | - Marshall Keyster
- Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Life Science Building, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7530, South Africa
- Centre of Excellence in Food Security, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7530, South Africa
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Hernández-Pacheco CE, Almaraz-Abarca N, Rojas-López M, Torres-Ricario R, Ávila-Reyes JA, González-Valdez LS, Delgado-Alvarado EA, Moreno-Anguiano O, Uribe-Soto JN. Salinity generates variable chemical and biochemical responses in Physalis ixocarpa (Solanaceae) during different times of exposure. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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25
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Ortega-Hernández E, Antunes-Ricardo M, Cisneros-Zevallos L, Jacobo-Velázquez DA. Selenium, Sulfur, and Methyl Jasmonate Treatments Improve the Accumulation of Lutein and Glucosinolates in Kale Sprouts. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11091271. [PMID: 35567272 PMCID: PMC9100039 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Kale sprouts contain health-promoting compounds that could be increased by applying plant nutrients or exogenous phytohormones during pre-harvest. The effects of selenium (Se), sulfur (S), and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on lutein, glucosinolate, and phenolic accumulation were assessed in kale sprouts. Red Russian and Dwarf Green kale were chamber-grown using different treatment concentrations of Se (10, 20, 40 mg/L), S (30, 60, 120 mg/L), and MeJA (25, 50, 100 µM). Sprouts were harvested every 24 h for 7 days to identify and quantify phytochemicals. The highest lutein accumulation occurred 7 days after S 120 mg/L (178%) and Se 40 mg/L (199%) treatments in Red Russian and Dwarf Green kale sprouts, respectively. MeJA treatment decreased the level of most phenolic levels, except for kaempferol and quercetin, where increases were higher than 70% for both varieties when treated with MeJA 25 µM. The most effective treatment for glucosinolate accumulation was S 120 mg/L in the Red Russian kale variety at 7 days of germination, increasing glucoraphanin (262.4%), glucoerucin (510.8%), 4-methoxy-glucobrassicin (430.7%), and glucoiberin (1150%). Results show that kales treated with Se, S, and MeJA could be used as a functional food for fresh consumption or as raw materials for different industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Ortega-Hernández
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, The Institute for Obesity Research, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, N.L., Mexico;
| | - Marilena Antunes-Ricardo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, The Institute for Obesity Research, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, N.L., Mexico;
| | - Luis Cisneros-Zevallos
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Daniel A. Jacobo-Velázquez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, The Institute for Obesity Research, Ave. General Ramón Corona 2514, Zapopan 45201, Jal, Mexico
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Liu Z, Wang H, Lv J, Luo S, Hu L, Wang J, Li L, Zhang G, Xie J, Yu J. Effects of Plant Hormones, Metal Ions, Salinity, Sugar, and Chemicals Pollution on Glucosinolate Biosynthesis in Cruciferous Plant. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:856442. [PMID: 35574082 PMCID: PMC9096887 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.856442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cruciferous vegetable crops are grown widely around the world, which supply a multitude of health-related micronutrients, phytochemicals, and antioxidant compounds. Glucosinolates (GSLs) are specialized metabolites found widely in cruciferous vegetables, which are not only related to flavor formation but also have anti-cancer, disease-resistance, and insect-resistance properties. The content and components of GSLs in the Cruciferae are not only related to genotypes and environmental factors but also are influenced by hormones, plant growth regulators, and mineral elements. This review discusses the effects of different exogenous substances on the GSL content and composition, and analyzes the molecular mechanism by which these substances regulate the biosynthesis of GSLs. Based on the current research status, future research directions are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeci Liu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huiping Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jian Lv
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shilei Luo
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Linli Hu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lushan Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guobin Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianming Xie
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jihua Yu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Zayed A, Sheashea M, Kassem IAA, Farag MA. Red and white cabbages: An updated comparative review of bioactives, extraction methods, processing practices, and health benefits. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:7025-7042. [PMID: 35174750 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2040416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Red and white cabbages (Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. alba and rubra, respectively) are two of the most commercially valued vegetables in crucifers, well-recognized for their unique sensory and nutritive attributes in addition to a myriad of health-promoting benefits. The current review addressed the differential qualitative/quantitative phytochemical make-ups for the first time for better utilization as nutraceuticals and to identify potential uses based on the chemical makeup of both cultivars (cvs.). In addition, extraction methods are compared highlighting their advantages and/or limitations with regards to improving yield and stability of cabbage bioactives, especially glucosinolates. Besides, the review recapitulated detailed action mechanism and safety of cabbage bioactives, as well as processing technologies to further improve their effects are posed as future perspectives. White and red cabbage cvs. revealed different GLSs profile which affected by food processing, including enzymatic hydrolysis, thermal breakdown, and leaching. In addition, the red cultivar provides high quality pigment for industrial applications. Moreover, non-conventional modern extraction techniques showed promising techniques for the recovery of their bioactive constituents compared to solvent extraction. All these findings pose white and red cabbages as potential candidates for inclusion in nutraceuticals and/or to be commercialized as functional foods prepared in different culinary forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Zayed
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Mohamed Sheashea
- Aromatic and Medicinal Plants Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Iman A A Kassem
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Beneficial Microbes and Molecules for Mitigation of Soil Salinity in Brassica Species: A Review. SOIL SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/soilsystems6010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress results from excessive salt accumulation in the soil can lead to a reduction in plant growth and yield. Due to climate change, in the future climatic pressures, changed precipitation cycles and increased temperature will increase the pressures on agriculture, including increasing severity of salt stress. Brassica species contains oilseed and vegetable crops with great economic importance. Advances in understanding the mechanisms of salt stress in Brassica plants have enabled the development of approaches to better induce plant defense mechanisms at the time of their occurrence through the use of beneficial microorganisms or molecules. Both endophytic and rhizospheric microbes contribute to the mitigation of abiotic stresses in Brassica plants by promoting the growth of their host under stress conditions. In this review we summarized so far reported microorganisms with beneficial effects on Brassica plants and their mode of action. Another approach in mitigating the harmful effect of soil salinity may involve the application of different molecules that are involved in the stress response of Brassica plants. We reviewed and summarized their potential mode of action, methods of application and pointed out further research directions.
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Marriboina S, Sharma K, Sengupta D, Yadavalli AD, Sharma RP, Reddy Attipalli R. Evaluation of high salinity tolerance in Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre by a systematic analysis of hormone-metabolic network. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:1514-1534. [PMID: 34165187 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Salinity stress results in significant losses in plant productivity and loss of cultivable lands. Although Pongamia pinnata is reported to be a salt-tolerant semiarid biofuel tree, the adaptive mechanisms to saline environments are elusive. Despite a reduction in carbon exchange rate (CER), the unchanged relative water content provides no visible salinity induced symptoms in leaves of hydroponic cultivated Pongamia seedlings for 8 days. Our Na+ -specific fluorescence results demonstrated that there was an effective apoplastic sodium sequestration in the roots. Salinity stress significantly increased zeatin (~5.5-fold), and jasmonic acid (~3.8-fold) levels in leaves while zeatin (~2.5-fold) content increased in leaves as well as in roots of salt-treated plants. Metabolite analysis suggested that osmolytes such as myo-inositol and mannitol were enhanced by ~12-fold in leaves and roots of salt-treated plants. Additionally, leaves of Pongamia showed a significant enhancement in carbohydrate content, while fatty acids were accumulated in roots under salt stress condition. At the molecular level, salt stress enhanced the expression of genes related to transporters, including the Salt Overly Sensitive 2 gene (SOS2), SOS3, vacuolar-cation/proton exchanger, and vacuolar-proton/ATPase exclusively in leaves, whereas the Sodium Proton Exchanger1 (NHX1), Cation Calcium Exchanger (CCX), and Cyclic Nucleotide Gated Channel 5 (CNGC5) were up-regulated in roots. Antioxidant gene expression analysis clearly demonstrated that peroxidase levels were significantly enhanced by ~10-fold in leaves, while Catalase and Fe-superoxide Dismutase (Fe-SOD) genes were increased in roots under salt stress. The correlation interaction studies between phytohormones and metabolites revealed new insights into the molecular and metabolic adaptations that confer salinity tolerance to Pongamia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sureshbabu Marriboina
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Kapil Sharma
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Debashree Sengupta
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Anurupa Devi Yadavalli
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Rameshwar Prasad Sharma
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
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Ortega-Hernández E, Antunes-Ricardo M, Jacobo-Velázquez DA. Improving the Health-Benefits of Kales ( Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC) through the Application of Controlled Abiotic Stresses: A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2629. [PMID: 34961097 PMCID: PMC8706317 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC) is a popular cruciferous vegetable originating from Central Asia, and is well known for its abundant bioactive compounds. This review discusses the main kale phytochemicals and emphasizes molecules of nutraceutical interest, including phenolics, carotenoids, and glucosinolates. The preventive and therapeutic properties of kale against chronic and degenerative diseases are highlighted according to the most recent in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies reported. Likewise, it is well known that the application of controlled abiotic stresses can be used as an effective tool to increase the content of phytochemicals with health-promoting properties. In this context, the effect of different abiotic stresses (saline, exogenous phytohormones, drought, temperature, and radiation) on the accumulation of secondary metabolites in kale is also presented. The information reviewed in this article can be used as a starting point to further validate through bioassays the effects of abiotically stressed kale on the prevention and treatment of chronic and degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Ortega-Hernández
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey, Nuevo León C.P. 64849, Mexico;
| | - Marilena Antunes-Ricardo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey, Nuevo León C.P. 64849, Mexico;
| | - Daniel A. Jacobo-Velázquez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Av. General Ramón Corona 2514, Nuevo México, Zapopan, Jalisco C.P. 45138, Mexico
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Linić I, Mlinarić S, Brkljačić L, Pavlović I, Smolko A, Salopek-Sondi B. Ferulic Acid and Salicylic Acid Foliar Treatments Reduce Short-Term Salt Stress in Chinese Cabbage by Increasing Phenolic Compounds Accumulation and Photosynthetic Performance. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2346. [PMID: 34834709 PMCID: PMC8619474 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Salinity stress is one of the most damaging abiotic stresses to plants, causing disturbances in physiological, biochemical, and metabolic processes. The exogenous application of natural metabolites is a useful strategy to reduce the adverse effects of stress on crops. We investigated the effect of foliar application of salicylic acid (SA) and ferulic acid (FA) (10-100 μM) on short-term salt-stressed (150 mM NaCl, 72 h) Chinese cabbage plants. Subsequently, proline level, photosynthetic performance, phenolic metabolites with special focus on selected phenolic acids (sinapic acid (SiA), FA, SA), flavonoids (quercetin (QUE), kaempferol (KAE)), and antioxidant activity were investigated in salt-stressed and phenolic acid-treated plants compared with the corresponding controls. Salt stress caused a significant increase in SA and proline contents, a decrease in phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, and photosynthetic performance, especially due to the impairment of PSI function. SA and FA treatments, with a concentration of 10 μM, had attenuated effects on salt-stressed plants, causing a decrease in proline and SA level, and indicating that the plants suffered less metabolic disturbance. Polyphenolic compounds, especially FA, SiA, KAE, and QUE, were increased in FA and SA treatments in salt-stressed plants. Consequently, antioxidant activities were increased, and photosynthetic performances were improved. FA resulted in a better ameliorative effect on salt stress compared to SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Linić
- Department for Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.L.); (I.P.); (A.S.)
- Department of Agriculture and Nutrition, Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, 52 440 Poreč, Croatia
| | - Selma Mlinarić
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31 000 Osijek, Croatia;
| | - Lidija Brkljačić
- Department for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Iva Pavlović
- Department for Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.L.); (I.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Ana Smolko
- Department for Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.L.); (I.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Branka Salopek-Sondi
- Department for Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.L.); (I.P.); (A.S.)
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Soil Salinity, a Serious Environmental Issue and Plant Responses: A Metabolomics Perspective. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11110724. [PMID: 34822381 PMCID: PMC8620211 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11110724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of global warming have increasingly led to devastating environmental stresses, such as heat, salinity, and drought. Soil salinization is a serious environmental issue and results in detrimental abiotic stress, affecting 7% of land area and 33% of irrigated lands worldwide. The proportion of arable land facing salinity is expected to rise due to increasing climate change fuelled by anthropogenic activities, exacerbating the threat to global food security for the exponentially growing populace. As sessile organisms, plants have evolutionarily developed mechanisms that allow ad hoc responses to salinity stress. The orchestrated mechanisms include signalling cascades involving phytohormones, kinases, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and calcium regulatory networks. As a pillar in a systems biology approach, metabolomics allows for comprehensive interrogation of the biochemistry and a deconvolution of molecular mechanisms involved in plant responses to salinity. Thus, this review highlights soil salinization as a serious environmental issue and points to the negative impacts of salinity on plants. Furthermore, the review summarises mechanisms regulating salinity tolerance on molecular, cellular, and biochemical levels with a focus on metabolomics perspectives. This critical synthesis of current literature is an opportunity to revisit the current models regarding plant responses to salinity, with an invitation to further fundamental research for novel and actionable insights.
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Effects of Short-Term Exposure to Low Temperatures on Proline, Pigments, and Phytochemicals Level in Kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala). HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7100341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) is known as a vegetable with good tolerance of environmental stress and numerous beneficial properties for human health, which are attributed to different phytochemicals. In the present study, investigation of how low temperatures affect proline, pigments and specialized metabolites content was performed using 8-weeks old kale plants subjected to chilling (at 8 °C, for 24 h) followed by short freezing (at −8 °C, for 1 h after previous acclimation at 8 °C, for 23 h). Plants growing at 21 °C served as a control. In both groups of plants (exposed to low temperatures and exposed to short freezing) a significant increase in proline content (14% and 49%, respectively) was recorded. Low temperatures (8 °C) induced an increase of pigments (total chlorophylls 7%) and phytochemicals (phenolic acids 3%; flavonoids 5%; carotenoids 15%; glucosinolates 21%) content, while exposure to freezing showed a different trend dependent upon observed parameter. After freezing, the content of chlorophylls, carotenoids, and total phenolic acids retained similar levels as in control plants and amounted to 14.65 ± 0.36 mg dw g−1, 2.58 ± 0.05 mg dw g−1 and 13.75 ± 0.07 mg dw CEA g−1, respectively. At the freezing temperature, total polyphenol content increased 13% and total flavonoids and glucosinolates content decreased 21% and 54%, respectively. Our results suggest that acclimatization (23 h at 8 °C) of kale plants can be beneficial for the accumulation of pigments and phytochemicals, while freezing temperatures affect differently specialized metabolite synthesis. The study suggests that growing temperature during kale cultivation must be considered as an important parameter for producers that are orientated towards production of crops with an increasing content of health-related compounds.
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Ljubej V, Radojčić Redovniković I, Salopek-Sondi B, Smolko A, Roje S, Šamec D. Chilling and Freezing Temperature Stress Differently Influence Glucosinolates Content in Brassica oleracea var. acephala. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10071305. [PMID: 34199146 PMCID: PMC8309204 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Brassica oleracea var. acephala is known to have a strong tolerance to low temperatures, but the protective mechanisms enabling this tolerance are unknown. Simultaneously, this species is rich in health-promoting compounds such as polyphenols, carotenoids, and glucosinolates. We hypothesize that these metabolites play an important role in the ability to adapt to low temperature stress. To test this hypothesis, we exposed plants to chilling (8 °C) and additional freezing (-8 °C) temperatures under controlled laboratory conditions and determined the levels of proline, chlorophylls, carotenoids, polyphenols, and glucosinolates. Compared with that of the control (21 °C), the chilling and freezing temperatures increased the contents of proline, phenolic acids, and flavonoids. Detailed analysis of individual glucosinolates showed that chilling increased the total amount of aliphatic glucosinolates, while freezing increased the total amount of indolic glucosinolates, including the most abundant indolic glucosinolate glucobrassicin. Our data suggest that glucosinolates are involved in protection against low temperature stress. Individual glucosinolate species are likely to be involved in different protective mechanisms because they show different accumulation trends at chilling and freezing temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Ljubej
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.L.); (B.S.-S.); (A.S.)
| | | | - Branka Salopek-Sondi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.L.); (B.S.-S.); (A.S.)
| | - Ana Smolko
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.L.); (B.S.-S.); (A.S.)
| | - Sanja Roje
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA;
| | - Dunja Šamec
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.L.); (B.S.-S.); (A.S.)
- Department of Food Technology, University North, University Center Koprivnica, Trg dr. Žarka Dolinara 1, 48000 Koprivnica, Croatia
- Correspondence:
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Plants 2021 Best Paper Award. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10061173. [PMID: 34207659 PMCID: PMC8230274 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Plants is instituting the Best Paper Awards to recognize the outstanding papers published in the journal [...]
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Ali V, Khajuria M, Bhat R, Rashid A, Faiz S, Vyas D. Comparative phytochemical analysis of Lepidium latifolium L. sprouts from Ladakh Himalayas suggest a novel combination of 2-propenyl and benzyl glucosinolate. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Šamec D, Karalija E, Šola I, Vujčić Bok V, Salopek-Sondi B. The Role of Polyphenols in Abiotic Stress Response: The Influence of Molecular Structure. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:118. [PMID: 33430128 PMCID: PMC7827553 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stressors such as extreme temperatures, drought, flood, light, salt, and heavy metals alter biological diversity and crop production worldwide. Therefore, it is important to know the mechanisms by which plants cope with stress conditions. Polyphenols, which are the largest group of plant-specialized metabolites, are generally recognized as molecules involved in stress protection in plants. This diverse group of metabolites contains various structures, from simple forms consisting of one aromatic ring to more complex ones consisting of large number of polymerized molecules. Consequently, all these molecules, depending on their structure, may show different roles in plant growth, development, and stress protection. In the present review, we aimed to summarize data on how different polyphenol structures influence their biological activity and their roles in abiotic stress responses. We focused our review on phenolic acids, flavonoids, stilbenoids, and lignans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunja Šamec
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Erna Karalija
- Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 33–35, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Ivana Šola
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.Š.); (V.V.B.)
| | - Valerija Vujčić Bok
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.Š.); (V.V.B.)
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Yoon HI, Kim HY, Kim J, Son JE. Quantitative Analysis of UV-B Radiation Interception and Bioactive Compound Contents in Kale by Leaf Position According to Growth Progress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:667456. [PMID: 34305968 PMCID: PMC8297650 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.667456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
UV-B (280-315 nm) radiation has been used as an effective tool to improve bioactive compound contents in controlled environments, such as plant factories. However, plant structure changes with growth progress induce different positional distributions of UV-B radiation interception, which cause difficulty in accurately evaluating the effects of UV-B on biosynthesis of bioactive compounds. The objective of this study was to quantitatively analyze the positional distributions of UV-B radiation interception and bioactive compound contents of kales (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala) with growth progress and their relationships. Short-term moderate UV-B levels did not affect the plant growth and photosynthetic parameters. Spatial UV-B radiation interception was analyzed quantitatively by using 3D-scanned plant models and ray-tracing simulations. As growth progressed, the differences in absorbed UV-B energy between leaf positions were more pronounced. The concentrations of total phenolic compound (TPC) and total flavonoid compound (TFC) were higher with more cumulative absorbed UV-B energy. The cumulative UV energy yields for TFC were highest for the upper leaves of the older plants, while those for TPC were highest in the middle leaves of the younger plants. Despite the same UV-B levels, the UV-B radiation interception and UV-B susceptibility in the plants varied with leaf position and growth stage, which induced the different biosynthesis of TFC and TPC. This attempt to quantify the relationship between UV-B radiation interception and bioactive compound contents will contribute to the estimation and production of bioactive compounds in plant factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo In Yoon
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources (Horticultural Science and Biotechnology), Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Young Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources (Horticultural Science and Biotechnology), Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaewoo Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources (Horticultural Science and Biotechnology), Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Eek Son
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources (Horticultural Science and Biotechnology), Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jung Eek Son,
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Surówka E, Potocka I, Dziurka M, Wróbel-Marek J, Kurczyńska E, Żur I, Maksymowicz A, Gajewska E, Miszalski Z. Tocopherols mutual balance is a key player for maintaining Arabidopsis thaliana growth under salt stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 156:369-383. [PMID: 33007531 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced channeling carbon through pathways: shikimate/chorismate, benzenoid-phenylopropanoid or 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) provides a multitude of secondary metabolites and cell wall components and allows plants response to environmental stresses. Through the biosynthetic pathways, different secondary metabolites, like tocopherols (TCs), are bind to mutual dependencies and metabolic loops, that are not yet fully understood. We compared, in parallel, the influence of α- and γ-TCs on metabolites involved in osmoprotective/antioxidative response, and physico-chemical modification of plasma membrane and cell wall. We studied Arabidopsis thaliana Columbia ecotype (WT), mutant vte1 deficient in α- and γ-TCs, mutant vte4 over-accumulating γ-TC instead of α-TC, and transgenic line tmt over-accumulating α-TC; exposed to NaCl. The results indicate that salt stress activates β-carboxylation processes in WT plants and in plants with altered TCs accumulation. In α-TC-deficient plants, NaCl causes ACC decrease, but does not change SA, whose concentration remains higher than in α-TC accumulating plants. α/γ-TCs contents influence carbohydrates, poliamines, phenolic (caffeic, ferrulic, cinnamic) acids accumulation patterns. Salinity results in increased detection of the LM5 galactan and LM19 homogalacturonan epitopes in α-TC accumulating plants, and the LM6 arabinan and MAC207 AGP epitopes in α-TC deficient mutants. Parallel, plants with altered TCs composition show decreased both the cell turgor and elastic modulus determined at the individual cell level. α-TC deficient plants reveal lower values of cell turgor and elastic modulus, but higher cell hydraulic conductivity than α-TC accumulating plants. Under salt stress, α-TC shows stronger regulatory effect than γ-TC through the impact on chloroplastic biosynthetic pathways and ROS/osmotic-modulating compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Surówka
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Niezapominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Izabela Potocka
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Michał Dziurka
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Niezapominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
| | - Justyna Wróbel-Marek
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa Kurczyńska
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Iwona Żur
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Niezapominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Maksymowicz
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Niezapominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Gajewska
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Łódź, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Miszalski
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Niezapominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
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A Review on the Beneficial Role of Silicon against Salinity in Non-Accumulator Crops: Tomato as a Model. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091284. [PMID: 32906642 PMCID: PMC7563371 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Salinity is an abiotic stress that affects agriculture by severely impacting crop growth and, consequently, final yield. Considering that sea levels rise at an alarming rate of >3 mm per year, it is clear that salt stress constitutes a top-ranking threat to agriculture. Among the economically important crops that are sensitive to high salinity is tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), a cultivar that is more affected by salt stress than its wild counterparts. A strong body of evidence in the literature has proven the beneficial role of the quasi-essential metalloid silicon (Si), which increases the vigor and protects plants against (a)biotic stresses. This protection is realized by precipitating in the cell walls as opaline silica that constitutes a mechanical barrier to the entry of phytopathogens. With respect to Si accumulation, tomato is classified as a non-accumulator (an excluder), similarly to other members of the nightshade family, such as tobacco. Despite the low capacity of accumulating Si, when supplied to tomato plants, the metalloid improves growth under (a)biotic stress conditions, e.g., by enhancing the yield of fruits or by improving vegetative growth through the modulation of physiological parameters. In light of the benefits of Si in crop protection, the available literature data on the effects of this metalloid in mitigating salt stress in tomato are reviewed with a perspective on its use as a biostimulant, boosting the production of fruits as well as their post-harvest stability.
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Valanciene E, Jonuskiene I, Syrpas M, Augustiniene E, Matulis P, Simonavicius A, Malys N. Advances and Prospects of Phenolic Acids Production, Biorefinery and Analysis. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E874. [PMID: 32517243 PMCID: PMC7356249 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Biotechnological production of phenolic acids is attracting increased interest due to their superior antioxidant activity, as well as other antimicrobial, dietary, and health benefits. As secondary metabolites, primarily found in plants and fungi, they are effective free radical scavengers due to the phenolic group available in their structure. Therefore, phenolic acids are widely utilised by pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic, and chemical industries. A demand for phenolic acids is mostly satisfied by utilising chemically synthesised compounds, with only a low quantity obtained from natural sources. As an alternative to chemical synthesis, environmentally friendly bio-based technologies are necessary for development in large-scale production. One of the most promising sustainable technologies is the utilisation of microbial cell factories for biosynthesis of phenolic acids. In this paper, we perform a systematic comparison of the best known natural sources of phenolic acids. The advances and prospects in the development of microbial cell factories for biosynthesis of these bioactive compounds are discussed in more detail. A special consideration is given to the modern production methods and analytics of phenolic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Naglis Malys
- Bioprocess Research Centre, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų pl. 19, Kaunas LT-50254, Lithuania; (E.V.); (I.J.); (M.S.); (E.A.); (P.M.); (A.S.)
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Chemical Characterization and Bioactive Properties of Different Extracts from Fibigia clypeata, an Unexplored Plant Food. Foods 2020; 9:foods9060705. [PMID: 32492817 PMCID: PMC7353635 DOI: 10.3390/foods9060705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibigia clypeata (L.) Medik. is a poorly studied plant species belonging to the Brassicaceae family, and usually used as cress in the salads. The current investigation aimed at assessing the antioxidant potential and inhibitory activity of ethyl acetate, methanol, and aqueous extracts of F. clypeata against key enzymes targeted in the management of type II diabetes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase), Alzheimer’s disease (acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase), and skin hyperpigmentation (tyrosinase). Cytotoxicity of the extracts was also determined using normal VERO and cancer FaDu and SCC-25 cell lines. Besides, LC-MS was employed to investigate the detailed phytochemical profiles of the extracts. The methanol extract showed potent enzyme inhibitory activity (4.87 mg galantamine equivalent/g, 3.52 mg galantamine equivalent/g, 126.80 mg kojic acid equivalent/g, and 24.68 mg acarbose equivalent/g, for acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, tyrosinase, and α-glucosidase, respectively) and antioxidant potential (96.52, 109.10, 154.02, and 104.85 mg trolox equivalent/g, for DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, and FRAP assays, respectively). Interestingly, caffeic acid-O-hexoside derivative, caffeyl alcohol O-glucopyranoside, and ferulic acid derivative were identified in all extracts. F. clypeata extracts showed no cytotoxicity towards VERO cell line and a weak cytotoxic potential against FaDu and SCC-25 cell lines. Interesting scientific evidence gathered from the present study support further investigation on F. clypeata in the view of designing and developing a novel therapeutic agent for the management of Alzheimer’s disease, type II diabetes, skin hyperpigmentation problems, as well as cancer.
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Profiling of Chlorogenic Acids from Bidens pilosa and Differentiation of Closely Related Positional Isomers with the Aid of UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-Based In-Source Collision-Induced Dissociation. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10050178. [PMID: 32365739 PMCID: PMC7281500 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10050178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bidens pilosa is an edible herb from the Asteraceae family which is traditionally consumed as a leafy vegetable. B. pilosa has many bioactivities owing to its diverse phytochemicals, which include aliphatics, terpenoids, tannins, alkaloids, hydroxycinnamic acid (HCA) derivatives and other phenylpropanoids. The later include compounds such as chlorogenic acids (CGAs), which are produced as either regio- or geometrical isomers. To profile the CGA composition of B. pilosa, methanol extracts from tissues, callus and cell suspensions were utilized for liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometric detection (UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS). An optimized in-source collision-induced dissociation (ISCID) method capable of discriminating between closely related HCA derivatives of quinic acids, based on MS-based fragmentation patterns, was applied. Careful control of collision energies resulted in fragment patterns similar to MS2 and MS3 fragmentation, obtainable by a typical ion trap MSn approach. For the first time, an ISCID approach was shown to efficiently discriminate between positional isomers of chlorogenic acids containing two different cinnamoyl moieties, such as a mixed di-ester of feruloyl-caffeoylquinic acid (m/z 529) and coumaroyl-caffeoylquinic acid (m/z 499). The results indicate that tissues and cell cultures of B. pilosa contained a combined total of 30 mono-, di-, and tri-substituted chlorogenic acids with positional isomers dominating the composition thereof. In addition, the tartaric acid esters, caftaric- and chicoric acids were also identified. Profiling revealed that these HCA derivatives were differentially distributed across tissues types and cell culture lines derived from leaf and stem explants.
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Comparative Transcriptome and Metabolic Profiling Analysis of Buckwheat ( Fagopyrum Tataricum (L.) Gaertn.) under Salinity Stress. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9100225. [PMID: 31614965 PMCID: PMC6835380 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9100225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn.) is a nutritional crop, which has high flavonoid content. However, buckwheat is a salt sensitive glycophyte cereal crop and the growth and grain yield of buckwheat are significantly affected by soil salinity. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome of salt treated-buckwheat to understand the effects of salinity on buckwheat. A total of 50,681,938 clean reads were acquired from all samples. We acquired 94,950 unigenes with a mean length of 1133 bp and N50 length of 1900 bp assembly. Of these, 63,305 unigenes (66.7%) were matched in public databases. Comparison of the transcriptome expression patterns between control and salt treated groups showed that 4098 unigenes were up-regulated and 3292 unigenes were down-regulated significantly. Further, we found that genes involved with amino acid, lipid and nucleotide metabolism were most responsive to salt stress. Additionally, many genes involved in secondary metabolite biosynthesis changed significantly following treatment. Those affected included phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and flavonoid biosynthesis. Chromatographic analysis was used to examine the differences in concentration of flavonoids, carotenoids, amino acids and organic acids in the samples following treatment. There was a significant increase in rutin (12.115 mg/g dry weight), following salt stress; whereas, six carotenoids (lutein, zeaxanthin, 13Z-β-carotene, α-carotene, E-β-carotene and 9Z-β-carotene) did not significantly respond to salt stress. Ultimately, our data acts as a valuable resource for future research on buckwheat and can be used as the basis for future analysis focused on gene-to-metabolite networks in buckwheat.
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González-de-Peredo AV, Vázquez-Espinosa M, Espada-Bellido E, Ferreiro-González M, Amores-Arrocha A, Palma M, Barbero GF, Jiménez-Cantizano A. Discrimination of Myrtle Ecotypes from Different Geographic Areas According to Their Morphological Characteristics and Anthocyanins Composition. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8090328. [PMID: 31491917 PMCID: PMC6784115 DOI: 10.3390/plants8090328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Myrtus communis L. is an evergreen shrub that produces berries with a high content in antioxidant compounds. Since these compounds have demonstrated a positive effect on human health, the interest on berries and their usages has increased. However, environmental conditions may affect the productivity of these species and consequently the quality of wild myrtle. Ecotypes from diverse geographical origins may result in significant variations in terms of bioactive compounds content as well as in chemical traits. For this reason, in this work ecotypes from two different localizations have been studied to determine if their differences in morphological and anthocyanins traits can be attributed to their origin and the environmental characteristics of these locations. For this, chemometric analyses such as Hierarchical Cluster Analysis and Principal Component Analysis, were employed. The results showed differences between the ecotypes depending on their location. In particular, myrtle berries from maritime zones present greater fruit size and amount of bioactive compounds, which means an improvement in the quality of the final product based on this raw material. It can be concluded that both morphological and anthocyanins traits are related to the location of the ecotype and allow selecting the best ecotype for the required applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana V González-de-Peredo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), IVAGRO, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Mercedes Vázquez-Espinosa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), IVAGRO, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain.
| | - Estrella Espada-Bellido
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), IVAGRO, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain.
| | - Marta Ferreiro-González
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), IVAGRO, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain.
| | - Antonio Amores-Arrocha
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), IVAGRO, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain.
| | - Miguel Palma
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), IVAGRO, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain.
| | - Gerardo F Barbero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), IVAGRO, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain.
| | - Ana Jiménez-Cantizano
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), IVAGRO, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain.
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