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Yu H, Chang KF, Fredua-Agyeman R, Hwang SF, Strelkov SE. Diversity and Pathogenicity of Fusarium Root Rot Fungi from Canola ( Brassica napus) in Alberta, Canada. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6244. [PMID: 38892432 PMCID: PMC11172839 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Root rot disease poses a significant threat to canola (Brassica napus), underscoring the need for a comprehensive understanding of its causal agents for more effective disease mitigation. The composition and diversity of fungal pathogens associated with root rot of canola in Alberta, Canada, were evaluated from plant tissue samples collected in 2021 and 2022. The study revealed Fusarium spp. as the predominant pathogens found in almost all surveyed fields. Fusarium avenaceum, F. redolens, and F. solani were among the most frequently recovered species. Greenhouse trials confirmed their pathogenicity, with F. avenaceum and F. sporotrichioides found to be particularly aggressive. Additionally, F. sporotrichioides and F. commune were identified for the first time as canola root rot pathogens. Inoculation with isolates of most species resulted in significant reductions in seedling emergence, plant height, and shoot and root dry weights. Analysis of translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF-1α) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences confirmed the identity of the Fusarium spp., while concatenating the ITS and TEF-1α sequences enabled improved species differentiation. Geographic and year effects did not influence fungal diversity or aggressiveness, as determined by principal component analysis. This study emphasized the high diversity and impact of Fusarium spp. in causing canola root rot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitian Yu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; (H.Y.); (K.-F.C.); (R.F.-A.)
- Institute of Food Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Science, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Kan-Fa Chang
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; (H.Y.); (K.-F.C.); (R.F.-A.)
| | - Rudolph Fredua-Agyeman
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; (H.Y.); (K.-F.C.); (R.F.-A.)
| | - Sheau-Fang Hwang
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; (H.Y.); (K.-F.C.); (R.F.-A.)
| | - Stephen E. Strelkov
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; (H.Y.); (K.-F.C.); (R.F.-A.)
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Shipman A, Tian M. Combined Use of Phenotype-Based and Genome-Informed Approaches Identified a Unique Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Isolate in Hawaii. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2024; 114:1305-1319. [PMID: 38038692 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-07-23-0257-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium wilt of banana, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), is a serious disease that threatens banana production worldwide. It is a long-standing problem in Hawaii, but previously, there was little knowledge of the causal pathogen. We isolated a strain of Foc, named Foc-UH, from a field experiencing the disease epidemic in Hawaii. Infection assays of a diverse panel of 26 banana clones, including varieties used for differentiating pathogen races and fruit production, revealed that Foc-UH has a race 1 pathogenic phenotype with an intermediate race 2 virulence and revealed the differential resistance of varieties to infection. Separate phylogenetic analyses using the barcoding regions of three nuclear genes, seven complete nuclear genes, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms within conserved whole-genome protein coding sequences placed Foc-UH into recently proposed taxonomic frameworks relevant to Foc and the F. oxysporum species complex. Screening of the 99.7% complete draft genome identified five secreted in xylem (SIX) gene homologs: SIX1d, SIX1f, SIX9a, SIX9b, and SIX13a. This profile is similar to that of several race 1 isolates except for the absence of SIX4 and SIX6. Foc-UH was morphologically dissimilar to the nearest related isolates. Altogether, this study identified a unique isolate that causes banana Fusarium wilt, which represents the first characterization of the causal pathogen in Hawaii. The findings and genomic resources generated in this study are expected to guide banana breeding and cultivar deployment in Hawaii and beyond and contribute to further understanding of the pathogenicity and evolutionary systematics of Foc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Shipman
- Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822
| | - Miaoying Tian
- Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822
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Martínez-de la Parte E, Pérez-Vicente L, Torres DE, van Westerhoven A, Meijer HJG, Seidl MF, Kema GHJ. Genetic diversity of the banana Fusarium wilt pathogen in Cuba and across Latin America and the Caribbean. Environ Microbiol 2024; 26:e16636. [PMID: 38783572 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Fusarium wilt of bananas (FWB) is a severe plant disease that leads to substantial losses in banana production worldwide. It remains a major concern for Cuban banana cultivation. The disease is caused by members of the soil-borne Fusarium oxysporum species complex. However, the genetic diversity among Fusarium species infecting bananas in Cuba has remained largely unexplored. In our comprehensive survey, we examined symptomatic banana plants across all production zones in the country, collecting 170 Fusarium isolates. Leveraging genotyping-by-sequencing and whole-genome comparisons, we investigated the genetic diversity within these isolates and compared it with a global Fusarium panel. Notably, typical FWB symptoms were observed in Bluggoe cooking bananas and Pisang Awak subgroups across 14 provinces. Our phylogenetic analysis revealed that F. purpurascens, F. phialophorum, and F. tardichlamydosporum are responsible for FWB in Cuba, with F. tardichlamydosporum dominating the population. Furthermore, we identified between five and seven distinct genetic clusters, with F. tardichlamydosporum isolates forming at least two subgroups. This finding underscores the high genetic diversity of Fusarium spp. contributing to FWB in the Americas. Our study sheds light on the population genetic structure and diversity of the FWB pathogen in Cuba and the broader Latin American and Caribbean regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einar Martínez-de la Parte
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Sanidad Vegetal (INISAV), Ministry of Agriculture, Havana, Cuba
| | - Luis Pérez-Vicente
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Sanidad Vegetal (INISAV), Ministry of Agriculture, Havana, Cuba
| | - David E Torres
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk van Westerhoven
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Harold J G Meijer
- BU Biointeractions and Plant Health, Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael F Seidl
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gert H J Kema
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Shih SY, Huang YS, Chou KR, Wu HY, Tsai H. Isolation and genome characterization of Paenibacillus polymyxa 188, a potential biocontrol agent against fungi. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae075. [PMID: 38509027 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
AIMS In this work, we aimed to isolate marine bacteria that produce metabolites with antifungal properties. METHODS AND RESULTS Paenibacillus polymyxa 188 was isolated from a marine sediment sample, and it showed excellent antifungal activity against many fungi pathogenic to plants (Fusarium tricinctum, Pestalotiopsis clavispora, Fusarium oxysporum, F. oxysporum f. sp. Cubense (Foc), Curvularia plantarum, and Talaromyces pinophilus) and to humans (Aspergillus terreus, Penicillium oxalicum, and Microsphaeropsis arundinis). The antifungal compounds produced by P. polymyxa 188 were extracted and analyzed using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The complete genome sequence and biosynthetic gene clusters of P. polymyxa 188 were characterized and compared with those of other strains. A total of 238 carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) were identified in P. polymyxa 188. Two antibiotic gene clusters, fusaricidin and tridecaptin, exist in P. polymyxa 188, which is different from other strains that typically have multiple antibiotic gene clusters. CONCLUSIONS Paenibacilluspolymyxa 188 was identified with numerous biosynthetic gene clusters, and its antifungal ability against pathogenic fungi was verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sra-Yh Shih
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung City, 804, Taiwan
| | - You-Syu Huang
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung City, 804, Taiwan
- Eastern Marine Biology Research Center, Taitung City, 950, Taiwan
| | - Ker-Rui Chou
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung City, 804, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yi Wu
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung City, 804, Taiwan
| | - HsinYuan Tsai
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung City, 804, Taiwan
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Wu Y, Tan Y, Peng Q, Xiao Y, Xie J, Li Z, Ding H, Pan H, Wei L. Biocontrol potential of endophytic bacterium Bacillus altitudinis GS-16 against tea anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16761. [PMID: 38223761 PMCID: PMC10785793 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background As one of the main pathogens causing tea anthracnose disease, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides has brought immeasurable impact on the sustainable development of agriculture. Given the adverse effects of chemical pesticides to the environment and human health, biological control has been a focus of the research on this pathogen. Bacillus altitudinis GS-16, which was isolated from healthy tea leaves, had exhibited strong antagonistic activity against tea anthracnose disease. Methods The antifungal mechanism of the endophytic bacterium GS-16 against C. gloeosporioides 1-F was determined by dual-culture assays, pot experiments, cell membrane permeability, cellular contents, cell metabolism, and the activities of the key defense enzymes. Results We investigated the possible mechanism of strain GS-16 inhibiting 1-F. In vitro, the dual-culture assays revealed that strain GS-16 had significant antagonistic activity (92.03%) against 1-F and broad-spectrum antifungal activity in all tested plant pathogens. In pot experiments, the disease index decreased to 6.12 after treatment with GS-16, indicating that strain GS-16 had a good biocontrol effect against tea anthracnose disease (89.06%). When the PE extract of GS-16 treated mycelial of 1-F, the mycelial appeared deformities, distortions, and swelling by SEM observations. Besides that, compared with the negative control, the contents of nucleic acids, protein, and total soluble sugar of GS-16 group were increased significantly, indicating that the PE extract of GS-16 could cause damage to integrity of 1-F. We also found that GS-16 obviously destroyed cellular metabolism and the normal synthesis of cellular contents. Additionally, treatment with GS-16 induced plant resistance by increasing the activities of the key defense enzymes PPO, SOD, CAT, PAL, and POD. Conclusions We concluded that GS-16 could damage cell permeability and integrity, destroy the normal synthesis of cellular contents, and induce plant resistance, which contributed to its antagonistic activity. These findings indicated that strain GS-16 could be used as an efficient microorganism for tea anthracnose disease caused by C. gloeosporioides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youzhen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Biotechnology, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yumei Tan
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Biotechnology, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Qiuju Peng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Institution of Supervision and Inspection Product Quality of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Jiaofu Xie
- Guiyang No. 1 High School, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Zhu Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Biotechnology, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Haixia Ding
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Hang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Longfeng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
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Martínez de la Parte E, Pérez-Vicente L, García-Bastidas F, Bermúdez-Caraballoso I, Schnabel S, Meijer HJG, Kema GHJ. The Vulnerability of Cuban Banana Production to Fusarium Wilt Caused by Tropical Race 4. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2024; 114:111-118. [PMID: 37311735 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-04-23-0127-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bananas are major agricultural commodities in Cuba. One of the main constraints of banana production worldwide is Fusarium wilt of banana. Recent outbreaks in Colombia, Perú, and Venezuela have raised widespread concern in Latin America due to the potential devastating impact on the sustainability of banana production, food security, and livelihoods of millions of people in the region. Here, we phenotyped 18 important Cuban banana and plantain varieties with two Fusarium strains-Tropical Race 4 (TR4) and Race 1-under greenhouse conditions. These varieties represent 72.8% of the national banana acreage in Cuba and are also widely distributed in Latin America and the Caribbean region. A broad range of disease responses from resistant to very susceptible was observed against Race 1. On the contrary, not a single banana variety was resistant to TR4. These results underscore that TR4 potentially threatens nearly 56% of the contemporary Cuban banana production area, which is planted with susceptible and very susceptible varieties, and call for a preemptive evaluation of new varieties obtained in the national breeding program and the strengthening of quarantine measures to prevent the introduction of TR4 into the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einar Martínez de la Parte
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, The Netherlands
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Sanidad Vegetal (INISAV), Ministry of Agriculture, Cuba
| | - Luis Pérez-Vicente
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Sanidad Vegetal (INISAV), Ministry of Agriculture, Cuba
| | | | - Idalmis Bermúdez-Caraballoso
- Instituto de Biotecnología de las Plantas (IBP), Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas, Ministry of High Education (MES), Cuba
| | - Sabine Schnabel
- Biometris, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harold J G Meijer
- Wageningen Research, Business Unit Biointeractions and Plant Health, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gert H J Kema
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, The Netherlands
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Martínez G, Olivares BO, Rey JC, Rojas J, Cardenas J, Muentes C, Dawson C. The Advance of Fusarium Wilt Tropical Race 4 in Musaceae of Latin America and the Caribbean: Current Situation. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12020277. [PMID: 36839549 PMCID: PMC9963102 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12020277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 (syn. Fusarium odoratissimum) (Foc TR4) causes vascular wilt in Musaceae plants and is considered the most lethal for these crops. In Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), it was reported for the first time in Colombia (2019), later in Peru (2021), and recently declared in Venezuela (2023). This work aimed to analyze the evolution of Foc TR4 in Musaceae in LAC between 2018 and 2022. This perspective contains a selection of topics related to Foc TR4 in LAC that address and describe (i) the threat of Foc TR4 in LAC, (ii) a bibliometric analysis of the scientific production of Foc TR4 in LAC, (iii) the current situation of Foc TR4 in Colombia, Peru, and Venezuela, (iv) medium-term prospects in LAC member countries, and (v) export trade and local food security. In this study, the presence of Foc TR4 in Venezuela and the possible consequences of the production of Musaceae in the long term were reported for the first time. In conclusion, TR4 is a major threat to banana production in Latin America and the world, and it is important to take measures to control the spread of the fungus and minimize its impact on the banana industry. It is important to keep working on the control of Foc TR4, which requires the participation of the local and international industry, researchers, and consumers, among others, to prevent the disappearance of bananas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Martínez
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrícolas (INIA-CENIAP), Avenida Universidad vía El Limón, Maracay 02105, Venezuela
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (B.O.O.)
| | - Barlin O. Olivares
- Grupo de Investigación en Gestión de la Biodiversidad, Campus Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Carretera Nacional IV, km 396, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (B.O.O.)
| | - Juan Carlos Rey
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrícolas (INIA-CENIAP), Avenida Universidad vía El Limón, Maracay 02105, Venezuela
| | - Juan Rojas
- Programa Nacional de Frutales, Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), La Molina 15024, Peru
| | - Jaime Cardenas
- FAO Plant Protection International Consultant, Manizales 170004, Colombia
| | - Carlos Muentes
- Agencia de Regulación y Control Fito y Zoosanitario (AGROCALIDAD), Quito 170516, Ecuador
| | - Carolina Dawson
- Center for International Cooperation in Agricultural Research for Development (CIRAD), UPR GECO, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- GECO, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, TA B-26, 34398 Montpellier, France
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Hao Y, Li Y, Ping X, Yang Q, Mao Z, Zhao J, Lu X, Xie B, Yang Y, Ling J. The Genome of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli Provides Insight into the Evolution of Genomes and Effectors of Fusarium oxysporum Species. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24020963. [PMID: 36674475 PMCID: PMC9861946 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24020963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli, the causal agent of cowpea fusarium wilt, is a serious threat to cowpea production in China. In this study, a sample of cowpea fusarium wilt was identified as Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli using the methods of morphological characters and molecular detection. We further reported the first genome assembly for Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli, with 53.7 Mb genome sequence comprising 14,694 genes. Comparative genomic analysis among five Fusarium oxysporum genomes showed that four accessory chromosomes in the five Fusarium oxysporum display similar characteristics, with low sequence similarity (55.35%, vs. overall average of 81.76%), low gene density (2.18 genes/10 kb vs. 3.02 genes/Mb) and highly transposable element density (TEs) (15.01/100 kb vs. 4.89/100 kb), indicating that variable accessory chromosomes are the main source of Fusarium oxysporum evolution. We identified a total of 100 Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli-specific effectors in the genome and found 13 specific effector genes located in large insertion or deletion regions, suggesting that insertion or deletion events can cause the emergence of species-specific effectors in Fusarium oxysporum. Our genome assembly of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli provides a valuable resource for the study of cowpea fusarium wilt, and the comparative genomic study of Fusarium oxysporum could contribute to the knowledge of genome and effector-associated pathogenicity evolution in Fusarium oxysporum study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Hao
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030810, China
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xingxing Ping
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qihong Yang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhenchuan Mao
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jianlong Zhao
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaofei Lu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bingyan Xie
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuhong Yang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (J.L.)
| | - Jian Ling
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (J.L.)
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Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans Race 1 in Northern China Samples. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8101089. [PMID: 36294654 PMCID: PMC9604595 DOI: 10.3390/jof8101089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans (FOC), the causal agent of cabbage fusarium wilt, is a serious threat to cabbage production in northern China, and most Chinese FOC isolates were identified as FOC race 1 (FOC1). To better understand the genetic diversity of FOC1 in northern China, we collected FOC isolates from five provinces in northern China and identified them as FOC1 through pathogenicity and race test. To evaluate the genome-level diversity of FOC1, we performed a genome assembly for a FOC1 isolate (FoYQ-1) collected from Yanqing, Beijing, where cabbage fusarium wilt was first reported in China. Using resequencing data of FOC1 isolates, we conducted a genome-wide SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) analysis to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of FOC1 isolates in northern China. Our study indicated that Chinese FOC1 can be grouped into four populations and revealed that the genetic diversity of FOC1 were closely associated with geographical locations. Our study further suggests that genetic differentiation occurred when FOC1 spread to the northwest provinces from Beijing Province in China. The FOC1 genetic diversity based on whole-genome SNPs could deepen our understanding of FOC1 variation and provide clues for the control of cabbage fusarium wilt in China.
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Sun Y, Huang B, Cheng P, Li C, Chen Y, Li Y, Zheng L, Xing J, Dong Z, Yu G. Endophytic Bacillus subtilis TR21 Improves Banana Plant Resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense and Promotes Root Growth by Upregulating the Jasmonate and Brassinosteroid Biosynthesis Pathways. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:219-231. [PMID: 34231376 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-04-21-0159-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The banana (Musa spp.) industry experiences dramatic annual losses from Fusarium wilt of banana disease, which is caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (FOC). Pisang Awak banana 'Fenza No. 1' (Musa spp. cultivar Fenza No. 1), a major banana cultivar with high resistance to F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4, is considered to be ideal for growth in problematic areas. However, 'Fenza No. 1' is still affected by F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 1 in the field. TR21 is an endophytic Bacillus subtilis strain isolated from orchids (Dendrobium sp.). Axillary spraying of banana plants with TR21 controls Fusarium wilt of banana, decreasing the growth period and increasing yields in the field. In this study, we established that TR21 increases root growth in different monocotyledonous plant species. By axillary inoculation, TR21 induced a similar transcriptomic change as that induced by F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 1 but also upregulated the biosynthetic pathways for the phytohormones brassinosteroid and jasmonic acid in 'Fenza No. 1' root tissues, indicating that TR21 increases Fusarium wilt of banana resistance, shortens growth period, and increases yield of banana by inducing specific transcriptional reprogramming and modulating phytohormone levels. These findings will contribute to the identification of candidate genes related to plant resistance against fungi in a nonmodel system and facilitate further study and exploitation of endophytic biocontrol agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhao Sun
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, People's Republic of China
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingzhi Huang
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Cheng
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, People's Republic of China
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunji Li
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, People's Republic of China
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Chen
- Zhuhai Agricultural Sciences Research Center, Zhuhai 519075, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjian Li
- Zhuhai Agricultural Sciences Research Center, Zhuhai 519075, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zheng
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, People's Republic of China
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, People's Republic of China
| | - Juejun Xing
- Laboratory & Equipment Management Department, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhangyong Dong
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, People's Republic of China
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohui Yu
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, People's Republic of China
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, People's Republic of China
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Effectiveness of the Influence of Selected Essential Oils on the Growth of Parasitic Fusarium Isolated from Wheat Kernels from Central Europe. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216488. [PMID: 34770893 PMCID: PMC8588391 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of selected seven commercial essential oils (EsO) (grapefruit, lemongrass, tea tree (TTO), thyme, verbena, cajeput, and Litsea cubeba) on isolates of common Central European parasitic fungal species of Fusarium obtained from infected wheat kernels, and to evaluate the oils as potential natural fungicides. The study was conducted in 2 stages. At each stage, the fungicidal activity of EsO (with concentrations of 0.025; 0.05; 0.125; 0.25; 0.50; 1.0, and 2.0%) against Fusarium spp. was evaluated using the disc plate method and zones of growth inhibition were measured. At the first stage, the fungistatic activity of EsO was evaluated against four species of Fusarium from the Polish population (F. avenaceum FAPL, F. culmorum FCPL, F. graminearum FGPL and F. oxysporum FOPL). The correlation coefficient between the mycelial growth rate index (T) and the fungistatic activity (FA) was calculated. At the second stage, on the basis of the mycelium growth rate index, the effectiveness of the EsO in limiting the development of Fusarium isolates from the German population (F. culmorum FC1D, F. culmorum FC2D, F. graminearum FG1D, F. graminearum FG2D and F. poae FP0D) was assessed. The first and second stage results presented as a growth rate index were then used to indicate essential oils (as potential natural fungicides) effectively limiting the development of various common Central European parasitic species Fusarium spp. Finally, the sensitivity of four Fusarium isolates from the Polish population and five Fusarium isolates from the German population was compared. The data were compiled in STATISTICA 13.0 (StatSoft, Inc, CA, USA) at the significance level of 0.05. Fusarium isolates from the German population were generally more sensitive than those from the Polish population. The sensitivity of individual Fusarium species varied. Their vulnerability, regardless of the isolate origin, in order from the most to the least sensitive, is as follows: F. culmorum, F. graminearum, F. poae, F. avenaceum and F. oxysporum. The strongest fungicidal activity, similar to Funaben T, showed thyme oil (regardless of the concentration). Performance of citral oils (lemongrass and Litsea cubeba) was similar but at a concentration above 0.025%.
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Rocha ADJ, Soares JMDS, Nascimento FDS, Santos AS, Amorim VBDO, Ferreira CF, Haddad F, dos Santos-Serejo JA, Amorim EP. Improvements in the Resistance of the Banana Species to Fusarium Wilt: A Systematic Review of Methods and Perspectives. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:249. [PMID: 33806239 PMCID: PMC8066237 DOI: 10.3390/jof7040249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (FOC), tropical race 4 (TR4), causes Fusarium wilt of banana, a pandemic that has threatened the cultivation and export trade of this fruit. This article presents the first systematic review of studies conducted in the last 10 years on the resistance of Musa spp. to Fusarium wilt. We evaluated articles deposited in different academic databases, using a standardized search string and predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. We note that the information on the sequencing of the Musa sp. genome is certainly a source for obtaining resistant cultivars, mainly by evaluating the banana transcriptome data after infection with FOC. We also showed that there are sources of resistance to FOC race 1 (R1) and FOC TR4 in banana germplasms and that these data are the basis for obtaining resistant cultivars, although the published data are still scarce. In contrast, the transgenics approach has been adopted frequently. We propose harmonizing methods and protocols to facilitate the comparison of information obtained in different research centers and efforts based on global cooperation to cope with the disease. Thus, we offer here a contribution that may facilitate and direct research towards the production of banana resistant to FOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anelita de Jesus Rocha
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana 44036-900, Bahia, Brazil; (A.d.J.R.); (J.M.d.S.S.); (F.d.S.N.)
| | - Julianna Matos da Silva Soares
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana 44036-900, Bahia, Brazil; (A.d.J.R.); (J.M.d.S.S.); (F.d.S.N.)
| | - Fernanda dos Santos Nascimento
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana 44036-900, Bahia, Brazil; (A.d.J.R.); (J.M.d.S.S.); (F.d.S.N.)
| | | | | | - Claudia Fortes Ferreira
- Embrapa Cassava and Fruit, Cruz das Almas 44380-000, Bahia, Brazil; (V.B.d.O.A.); (C.F.F.); (F.H.); (J.A.d.S.-S.)
| | - Fernando Haddad
- Embrapa Cassava and Fruit, Cruz das Almas 44380-000, Bahia, Brazil; (V.B.d.O.A.); (C.F.F.); (F.H.); (J.A.d.S.-S.)
| | | | - Edson Perito Amorim
- Embrapa Cassava and Fruit, Cruz das Almas 44380-000, Bahia, Brazil; (V.B.d.O.A.); (C.F.F.); (F.H.); (J.A.d.S.-S.)
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