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Aziz SB, Brza MA, Abdulwahid RT, Hassan J, Tahir HB, Al-Saeedi SI, Abdullah RM, Hadi JM. Electrochemical properties of a novel EDLC derived from plasticized biopolymer based electrolytes with valuable energy density close to NiMH batteries. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21139. [PMID: 38036635 PMCID: PMC10689844 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48417-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study introduces a novel system of solid electrolytes for electrical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) utilizing biopolymer electrolytes with high energy density comparable to NiMH batteries. To prepare the electrolytes, a proton-conducting plasticized chitosan: poly(2-oxazoline) (POZ) with good film-forming properties was fabricated using a solution casting technique, and ammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate (NH4CF3SO3) salt was employed as a proton provider. Various glycerol concentrations were incorporated into the chitosan:POZ: NH4CF3SO3 system to enhance the ionic conductivity and fully transparent films were obtained. The impedance technique was utilized to determine the conductivity and measure the diffusion coefficient, mobility, and number density of ions. The electrochemical measurements, including linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV), validated the high performance of the system. The EDLC was examined using galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) equipment, and the results revealed an energy density of 43 Wh/kg, specific capacitance of 300 F/g, and power density of 1800 W/kg over 500 cycles. These findings suggest that it is plausible to develop EDLCs that resemble batteries, making them a more desirable energy storage option for the industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujahadeen B Aziz
- Research and Development Center, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Regional Government, 46001, Iraq.
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Charmo University, Chamchamal, Sulaymaniyah, 46023, Iraq.
| | - Mohamad A Brza
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Charmo University, Chamchamal, Sulaymaniyah, 46023, Iraq
| | - Rebar T Abdulwahid
- Medical Laboratory Analysis Department, College of Health Sciences, Cihan University Sulaimaniya, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, 46001, Iraq
- Department of Physics, College of Education, University of Sulaimani, Old Campus, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, 46001, Iraq
| | - Jamal Hassan
- Department of Physics, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Hawzhin B Tahir
- Research and Development Center, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Regional Government, 46001, Iraq
| | - Sameerah I Al-Saeedi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, 11671, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ranjdar M Abdullah
- Research and Development Center, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Regional Government, 46001, Iraq
| | - Jihad M Hadi
- Nursing Department, College of Nursing, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Regional Government, Iraq
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Pratap-Singh A, Guo Y, Baldelli A, Singh A. Concept for a Unidirectional Release Mucoadhesive Buccal Tablet for Oral Delivery of Antidiabetic Peptide Drugs Such as Insulin, Glucagon-like Peptide 1 (GLP-1), and their Analogs. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2265. [PMID: 37765234 PMCID: PMC10534625 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Injectable peptides such as insulin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), and their agonists are being increasingly used for the treatment of diabetes. Currently, the most common route of administration is injection, which is linked to patient discomfort as well as being subjected to refrigerated storage and the requirement for efficient supply chain logistics. Buccal and sublingual routes are recognized as valid alternatives due to their high accessibility and easy administration. However, there can be several challenges, such as peptide selection, drug encapsulation, and delivery system design, which are linked to the enhancement of drug efficacy and efficiency. By using hydrophobic polymers that do not dissolve in saliva, and by using neutral or positively charged nanoparticles that show better adhesion to the negative charges generated by the sialic acid in the mucus, researchers have attempted to improve drug efficiency and efficacy in buccal delivery. Furthermore, unidirectional films and tablets seem to show the highest bioavailability as compared to sprays and other buccal delivery vehicles. This advantageous attribute can be attributed to their capability to mitigate the impact of saliva and inadvertent gastrointestinal enzymatic digestion, thereby minimizing drug loss. This is especially pertinent as these formulations ensure a more directed drug delivery trajectory, leading to heightened therapeutic outcomes. This communication describes the current state of the art with respect to the creation of nanoparticles containing peptides such as insulin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), and their agonists, and theorizes the production of mucoadhesive unidirectional release buccal tablets or films. Such an approach is more patient-friendly and can improve the lives of millions of diabetics around the world; in addition, these shelf-stable formulations ena a more environmentally friendly and sustainable supply chain network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anubhav Pratap-Singh
- Food, Nutrition, and Health Program, Faculty of Land & Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Yigong Guo
- Food, Nutrition, and Health Program, Faculty of Land & Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Natural Health and Food Products Research Group, Centre for Applied Research & Innovation (CARI), British Columbia Institute of Technology, Burnaby, BC V5G 3H2, Canada
| | - Alberto Baldelli
- Food, Nutrition, and Health Program, Faculty of Land & Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Anika Singh
- Food, Nutrition, and Health Program, Faculty of Land & Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Natural Health and Food Products Research Group, Centre for Applied Research & Innovation (CARI), British Columbia Institute of Technology, Burnaby, BC V5G 3H2, Canada
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Brza MA, Aziz SB, Abdulwahid RT, Tahir HB, F. Z. Kadir M. Ion Transport and Electrochemical Properties of Proton Conducting SPE for EDLC with Constant Specific Capacitance and Energy Density. J IND ENG CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Samaro A, Vergaelen M, Purino M, Tigrine A, de la Rosa VR, Goudarzi NM, Boone MN, Vanhoorne V, Hoogenboom R, Vervaet C. Poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline)s: A polymer platform to sustain the release from tablets with a high drug loading. Mater Today Bio 2022; 16:100414. [PMID: 36133793 PMCID: PMC9483731 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustaining the release of highly dosed APIs from a matrix tablet is challenging. To address this challenge, this study evaluated the performance of thermoplastic poly (2-alkyl-2-oxazoline)s (PAOx) as matrix excipient to produce sustained-release tablets via three processing routes: (a) hot-melt extrusion (HME) combined with injection molding (IM), (b) HME combined with milling and compression and (c) direct compression (DC). Different PAOx (co-)polymers and polymer mixtures were processed with several active pharmaceutical ingredients having different aqueous solubilities and melting temperatures (metoprolol tartrate (MPT), metformin hydrochloride (MTF) and theophylline anhydrous (THA)). Different PAOx grades were synthesized and purified by the Supramolecular Chemistry Group, and the effect of PAOx grade and processing technique on the in vitro release kinetics was evaluated. Using the hydrophobic poly (2-n-propyl-2-oxazoline) (PnPrOx) as a matrix excipient allowed to sustain the release of different APIs, even at a 70% (w/w) drug load. Whereas complete THA release was not achieved from the PnPrOx matrix over 24 h regardless of the processing technique, adding 7.5% w/w of the hydrophilic poly (2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) to the hydrophobic PnPrOx matrix significantly increased THA release, highlighting the relevance of mixing different PAOx grades. In addition, it was demonstrated that the release of THA was similar from co-polymer and polymer mixtures with the same polymer ratios. On the other hand, as the release of MTF from a PnPrOx matrix was fast, the more hydrophobic poly (2-sec-butyl-2-oxazoline) (PsecBuOx) was used to retard MTF release. In addition, a mixture between the hydrophilic PEtOx and the hydrophobic PsecBuOx allowed accurate tuning of the release of MTF formulations. Finally, it was demonstrated that PAOx also showed a high ability to tune the in vivo release. IM tablets containing 70% MTF and 30% PsecBuOx showed a lower in vivo bioavailability compared to IM tablets containing a low PEtOx concentration (7.5%, w/w) in combination with PsecBuOx (22.5%, w/w). Importantly, the in vivo MTF blood level from the sustained release tablets correlated well with the in vitro release profiles. In general, this work demonstrates that PAOx polymers offer a versatile formulation platform to adjust the release rate of different APIs, enabling sustained release from tablets with up to 70% w/w drug loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aseel Samaro
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg, 460 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maarten Vergaelen
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Krijgslaan 281-S4 9000 Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Martin Purino
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Krijgslaan 281-S4 9000 Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ali Tigrine
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Krijgslaan 281-S4 9000 Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Victor R de la Rosa
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Krijgslaan 281-S4 9000 Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Avroxa BV., Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Niloofar Moazami Goudarzi
- Radiation Physics Research Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Belgium.,Center for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matthieu N Boone
- Radiation Physics Research Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Belgium.,Center for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Valérie Vanhoorne
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg, 460 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Krijgslaan 281-S4 9000 Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chris Vervaet
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg, 460 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Jana S, Hoogenboom R. Poly(2‐oxazoline)s: A comprehensive overview of polymer structures and their physical properties – An update. POLYM INT 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Somdeb Jana
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281‐S4 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281‐S4 9000 Ghent Belgium
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Pilicheva B, Uzunova Y, Marudova M. Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Films as a Potential Buccal Platform for Drug Delivery. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14040734. [PMID: 35215645 PMCID: PMC8879725 DOI: 10.3390/polym14040734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of this research was to study the potential of polyelectrolyte multilayers as buccal dosage forms for drug delivery and to investigate how the properties of the drugs impact the overall performance of the delivery system. Multilayer films based on the polyelectrolyte interaction between casein and chitosan were developed using benzydamine, tolfenamic acid and betahistine as model drugs. The samples were characterized for surface pH, moisture content and moisture absorption, swelling behavior and mucoadhesion. Additionally, surface morphology was investigated, as well as the drugs' physical state after incorporation in the multilayer films. The samples proved to be non-irritant (pH was within the physiological range), physically stable (moisture content and moisture absorption below 5%) and mucoadhesive, adsorbing from 60 to 70% mucin. The release behavior corelated to the swelling index profiles of the samples and was strongly dependent on the drug solubility. The developed multilayer films appeared to be an optimum delivery system for sparingly soluble drugs due to the high drug loading achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bissera Pilicheva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vassil Aprilov Blvd, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vassil Aprilov Blvd, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
- Correspondence:
| | - Yordanka Uzunova
- Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vassil Aprilov Blvd, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vassil Aprilov Blvd, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Maria Marudova
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Physics and Technology, University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, 24 Tzar Asen Str., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
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Vásconez-Maza MD, Martínez-Pagán P, Aktarakçi H, García-Nieto MC, Martínez-Segura MA. Enhancing Electrical Contact with a Commercial Polymer for Electrical Resistivity Tomography on Archaeological Sites: A Case Study. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13215012. [PMID: 33172120 PMCID: PMC7664325 DOI: 10.3390/ma13215012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
This communication reports an improvement of the quality of the electrical data obtained from the application of electrical resistivity tomography method on archaeological studies. The electrical contact between ground and electrode enhances significantly by using carbomer-based gel during the electrical resistivity tomography measurements. Not only does the gel promote the conservation of the building surface under investigation, but it also virtually eliminates the necessity of conventional spike electrodes, which in many archaeological studies are inadequate or not permitted. Results evidenced an enhancement in the quality of the electrical data obtained in the order of thousands of units compared with those without using the carbomer-based gel. The potential and capabilities of this affordable gel make it appropriate to be applied to other geoelectrical studies beyond archaeological investigations. Moreover, it might solve corrosion issues on conventional spike electrodes, and electrical multicore cables usually provoked for added saltwater attempting to improve the electrical contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco D. Vásconez-Maza
- Department of Mining and Civil Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 52, 30203 Cartagena, Spain; (M.D.V.-M.); (P.M.-P.); (M.C.G.-N.)
| | - Pedro Martínez-Pagán
- Department of Mining and Civil Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 52, 30203 Cartagena, Spain; (M.D.V.-M.); (P.M.-P.); (M.C.G.-N.)
| | - Hasan Aktarakçi
- Advanced Geosciences, Europe S.L., Calle del Aire 85, 28042 Madrid, Spain;
| | - María C. García-Nieto
- Department of Mining and Civil Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 52, 30203 Cartagena, Spain; (M.D.V.-M.); (P.M.-P.); (M.C.G.-N.)
| | - Marcos A. Martínez-Segura
- Department of Mining and Civil Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 52, 30203 Cartagena, Spain; (M.D.V.-M.); (P.M.-P.); (M.C.G.-N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-968327033
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Polymer structure and property effects on solid dispersions with haloperidol: Poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) and poly(2-oxazolines) studies. Int J Pharm 2020; 590:119884. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Schoolaert E, Merckx R, Becelaere J, Everaerts M, Van Guyse JFR, Sedlacek O, De Geest BG, Van den Mooter G, D’hooge DR, De Clerck K, Hoogenboom R. Immiscibility of Chemically Alike Amorphous Polymers: Phase Separation of Poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) and Poly(2- n-propyl-2-oxazoline). Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ella Schoolaert
- Centre for Textile Science and Engineering, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Tech Lane Science Park 70A, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ronald Merckx
- Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jana Becelaere
- Centre for Textile Science and Engineering, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Tech Lane Science Park 70A, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Melissa Everaerts
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, O&N Herestraat 49 box 921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joachim F. R. Van Guyse
- Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ondrej Sedlacek
- Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bruno G. De Geest
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Guy Van den Mooter
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, O&N Herestraat 49 box 921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dagmar R. D’hooge
- Centre for Textile Science and Engineering, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Tech Lane Science Park 70A, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Tech Lane Science Park 125, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karen De Clerck
- Centre for Textile Science and Engineering, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Tech Lane Science Park 70A, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Development and Characterization of Inkjet Printed Edible Films for Buccal Delivery of B-Complex Vitamins. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13090203. [PMID: 32825421 PMCID: PMC7558443 DOI: 10.3390/ph13090203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Buccal films containing two vitamins, i.e., thiamine hydrochloride (THCl) and nicotinic acid (NA), were fabricated via two-dimensional (2D) inkjet printing. For the preparation of buccal films, solubility studies and rheological evaluations were conducted in distilled water and propylene-glycol (PG) as main solvent and viscosity/surface tension modifier, respectively. The increased solubility in the solvents' mixture indicated that manufacturing of several doses of the THCl and NA is achievable. Various doses were deposited onto sugar-sheet substrates, by increasing the number of printing passes. The physiochemical characterization (SEM, DSC, FTIR) revealed that inkjet printing does not affect the solid state of the matrix. Water uptake studies were conducted, to compare the different vitamin-loaded formulations. The in vitro release studies indicated the burst release of both vitamins within 10 min, a preferable feature for buccal administration. The in vitro permeation studies indicated that higher concentrations of the vitamins onto the sugar sheet improved the in vitro permeation performance of printed formulations.
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Unravelling the Miscibility of Poly(2-oxazoline)s: A Novel Polymer Class for the Formulation of Amorphous Solid Dispersions. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25163587. [PMID: 32781768 PMCID: PMC7465563 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Water-soluble polymers are still the most popular carrier for the preparation of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). The advantage of this type of carrier is the fast drug release upon dissolution of the water-soluble polymer and thus the initial high degree of supersaturation of the poorly soluble drug. Nevertheless, the risk for precipitation due to fast drug release is a phenomenon that is frequently observed. In this work, we present an alternative carrier system for ASDs where a water-soluble and water-insoluble carrier are combined to delay the drug release and thus prevent this onset of precipitation. Poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline)s were selected as a polymer platform since the solution properties of this polymer class depend on the length of the alkyl sidechain. Poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEtOx) behaves as a water-soluble polymer at body temperature, while poly(2-n-propyl-2-oxazoline) (PPrOx) and poly(2-sec-butyl-2-oxazoline) (PsecBuOx) are insoluble at body temperature. Since little was known about the polymer’s miscibility behaviour and especially on how the presence of a poorly-water soluble drug impacted their miscibility, a preformulation study was performed. Formulations were investigated with X-ray powder diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. PEtOx/PPrOx appeared to form an immiscible blend based on DSC and this was even more pronounced after heating. The six drugs that were tested in this work did not show any preference for one of the two phases. PEtOx/PsecBuOx on the other hand appeared to be miscible forming a homogeneous blend between the two polymers and the drugs.
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Chitosan/Poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) Films with Ciprofloxacin for Application in Vaginal Drug Delivery. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13071709. [PMID: 32268504 PMCID: PMC7178655 DOI: 10.3390/ma13071709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan (CHI) and chitosan/poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (CHI/POZ)-based films were prepared by casting from aqueous solutions of polymer blends with different compositions. Ciprofloxacin was used as a model drug in these formulations. The weight, thickness, folding endurance and transparency of blend films were measured and characterised. All films had a uniform thickness (0.06 ± 0.01 mm) and exhibited sufficient flexibility. The surface pHs of films ranged from 3.76 ± 0.49 to 4.14 ± 0.32, which is within the pH range suitable for vaginal applications. The cumulative release of the drug from the films in experiments in vitro was found to be 42 ± 2% and 56 ± 1% for pure CHI and CHI/POZ (40:60) films, respectively. Drug-free chitosan/poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) films showed weak antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli. Drug-loaded CHI and CHI/POZ films showed good antimicrobial properties against both Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli. Mucoadhesive properties of these films with respect to freshly excised sheep vaginal mucosa were evaluated using a tensile method. It was established that all films were mucoadhesive, but an increase in POZ content in the blend resulted in a gradual reduction of their ability to stick to vaginal mucosa. These films could potentially find applications in vaginal drug delivery.
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El-Hady SM, AbouGhaly MH, El-Ashmoony MM, Helmy HS, El-Gazayerly ON. Colon targeting of celecoxib nanomixed micelles using pulsatile drug delivery systems for the prevention of inflammatory bowel disease. Int J Pharm 2020; 576:118982. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Design of Polymer Blends Based on Chitosan:POZ with Improved Dielectric Constant for Application in Polymer Electrolytes and Flexible Electronics. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/8586136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There is a considerable demand for the development and application of polymer materials in the flexible electronic- and polymer-based electrolyte technologies. Chitosan (CS) and poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (POZ) materials were blended with different ratios to obtain CS:POZ blend films using a straightforward solution cast technique. The work was involved a range of characteristic techniques, such as impedance spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and optical microscopy. From the XRD spectra, an enhancement in the amorphous nature in CS:POZ blend films was revealed when compared to the pure state of CS. The enhancement was verified from the peak broadening in CS:POZ blend films in relative to the one in crystalline peaks of the CS polymer. The optical micrograph study was used to designate the amorphous and crystalline regions by assigning dark and brilliant phases, respectively. Upon increasing POZ concentration, the dielectric constant was found to increase up to ɛ′ = 6.48 (at 1 MHz) at 15 wt.% of POZ, and then a drop was observed beyond this amount. The relatively high dielectric constant and dielectric loss were found at elevated temperatures. The increase of POZ concentration up to 45 wt.% made the loss tangent to shift to the lower frequency side, which is related to increasing resistivity. The increases of dielectric constant and dielectric loss with temperature were attributed to the increase of polarisation. The loss tangent peaks were found to shift to the higher frequency side as temperature elevated. Obvious relaxation peaks were observed in the imaginary part of electric modulus, and no peaks were found in the dielectric loss spectra. The concentration dependent of M″ peaks was found to follow the same trend of loss tangent peaks versus POZ content. The relaxation process was studied in terms of electric modulus parameters.
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Aziz SB, Karim WO, Brza MA, Abdulwahid RT, Saeed SR, Al-Zangana S, Kadir MFZ. Ion Transport Study in CS: POZ Based Polymer Membrane Electrolytes Using Trukhan Model. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215265. [PMID: 31652832 PMCID: PMC6862139 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, analysis of ion transport parameters of polymer blend electrolytes incorporated with magnesium trifluoromethanesulfonate (Mg(CF3SO3)2) was carried out by employing the Trukhan model. A solution cast technique was used to obtain the polymer blend electrolytes composed of chitosan (CS) and poly (2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (POZ). From X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, improvement in amorphous phase for the blend samples has been observed in comparison to the pure state of CS. From impedance plot, bulk resistance (Rb) was found to decrease with increasing temperature. Based on direct current (DC) conductivity (σdc) patterns, considerations on the ion transport models of Arrhenius and Vogel–Tammann–Fulcher (VTF) were given. Analysis of the dielectric properties was carried out at different temperatures and the obtained results were linked to the ion transport mechanism. It is demonstrated in the real part of electrical modulus that chitosan-salt systems are extremely capacitive. The asymmetric peak of the imaginary part (Mi) of electric modulus indicated that there is non-Debye type of relaxation for ions. From frequency dependence of dielectric loss (ε″) and the imaginary part (Mi) of electric modulus, suitable coupling among polymer segmental and ionic motions was identified. Two techniques were used to analyze the viscoelastic relaxation dynamic of ions. The Trukhan model was used to determine the diffusion coefficient (D) by using the frequency related to peak frequencies and loss tangent maximum heights (tanδmax). The Einstein–Nernst equation was applied to determine the carrier number density (n) and mobility. The ion transport parameters, such as D, n and mobility (μ), at room temperature, were found to be 4 × 10−5 cm2/s, 3.4 × 1015 cm−3, and 1.2 × 10−4 cm2/Vs, respectively. Finally, it was shown that an increase in temperature can also cause these parameters to increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujahadeen B Aziz
- Prof. Hameeds Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq.
- Komar Research Center (KRC), Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq.
| | - Wrya O Karim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq.
| | - M A Brza
- Prof. Hameeds Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq.
- Department of Manufacturing and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Gombak 53100, Malaysia.
| | - Rebar T Abdulwahid
- Prof. Hameeds Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq.
- Department of Physics, College of Education, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq.
| | - Salah Raza Saeed
- Charmo Research Center, Charmo University, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq.
| | - Shakhawan Al-Zangana
- Department of Physics, College of Education, University of Garmian, Kalar 46021, Iraq.
| | - M F Z Kadir
- Centre for Foundation Studies in Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
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Abilova GK, Kaldybekov DB, Ozhmukhametova EK, Saimova AZ, Kazybayeva DS, Irmukhametova GS, Khutoryanskiy VV. Chitosan/poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) films for ocular drug delivery: Formulation, miscibility, in vitro and in vivo studies. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Altamimi MA, Elzayat EM, Qamar W, Alshehri SM, Sherif AY, Haq N, Shakeel F. Evaluation of the bioavailability of hydrocortisone when prepared as solid dispersion. Saudi Pharm J 2019; 27:629-636. [PMID: 31297016 PMCID: PMC6598222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to formulate, characterize, and investigate the bioavailability of hydrocortisone (HCT) when prepared as solid dispersions. HCT was mixed in an organic solvent with polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG 4000) and Kolliphor® P 407. Spray drying technique was employed to form a solid dispersion formulation at a specific ratio. Physical and chemical characterization of the formed particles were achieved using differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and powder X-ray diffractometry. Furthermore, comparative in vitro and in vivo studies were conducted between the formulated particles against neat HCT. The formulated solid dispersion showed elongated particles with leaf-like structure. Formation of new chemical bonds in the formed particle was suggested due to the change in the vibrational wave numbers and the significant improvement in the bioavailability of the dispersed particles proved the importance of this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Altamimi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Central Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab M Elzayat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wajhul Qamar
- Central Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan M Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelrahman Y Sherif
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nazrul Haq
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faiyaz Shakeel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Moustafine RI, Viktorova AS, Khutoryanskiy VV. Interpolymer complexes of carbopol® 971 and poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline): Physicochemical studies of complexation and formulations for oral drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2019; 558:53-62. [PMID: 30634031 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Carbopol® 971 and poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) form hydrogen-bonded interpolymer complexes in aqueous solutions and their complexation is strongly dependent on solution pH. This work investigated the complexation between these polymers in aqueous solutions. The compositions of interpolymer complexes as well as the critical pH values of complexation were determined. The structure of these complexes was studied in solutions using transmission electron microscopy and in solid state using elemental analysis, FTIR spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Solid compacts were prepared based on interpolymer complexes and physical blends of these polymers and their swelling behaviour was studied in aqueous solutions mimicking the fluids present in the gastrointestinal tract. These materials were used to prepare oral formulations of mesalazine and its release from solid matrices was studied in vitro. It was demonstrated that the complexation between Carbopol® 971 and poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) has a profound effect on the drug release from matrix tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouslan I Moustafine
- Institute of Pharmacy, Kazan State Medical University, 16 Fatykh Amirkhan Street, 420126 Kazan, Russian Federation.
| | - Anastasiya S Viktorova
- Institute of Pharmacy, Kazan State Medical University, 16 Fatykh Amirkhan Street, 420126 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Vitaliy V Khutoryanskiy
- Institute of Pharmacy, Kazan State Medical University, 16 Fatykh Amirkhan Street, 420126 Kazan, Russian Federation; Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO box 224, Reading RG66AD, United Kingdom.
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