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Zdanowicz M, Mizielińska M, Kowalczyk A. Cast Extruded Films Based on Polyhydroxyalkanoate/Poly(lactic acid) Blend with Herbal Extracts Hybridized with Zinc Oxide. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1954. [PMID: 39065276 PMCID: PMC11281330 DOI: 10.3390/polym16141954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of the presented work was to functionalize a blend based on polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA): poly(hydroxybutyrate (PHB) with poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and a mixture of three selected herb extracts, namely, Hypericum L., Urtica L. and Chelidonium L., (E), zinc oxide (ZnO) and a combined system (EZnO), produced via extrusion. Before processing with bioresin, the natural modifiers were characterized using thermal analysis, FTIR and antimicrobial tests. The results revealed interactions between the extracts and the filler, leading to higher thermal stability in EZnO than when using E alone. Moreover, the mixture of extracts exhibited antimicrobial properties toward both Gram-negative (S. aureus) as well as Gram-positive bacteria (E. coli). Modified regranulates were transformed into films by cast extrusion. The influence of the additives on thermal (DSC, TGA and OIT), mechanical, barrier (WVTR and OTR), morphological (FTIR) and optical properties was investigated. The EZnO additive had the highest impact on the mechanical, barrier (OTR and WVTR) and optical properties of the bioresin. The microbial test results revealed that PHA-EZnO exhibited higher activity than PHA-ZnO and PHA-E and also reduced the number of S. aureus, E. coli and C. albicans cells. The findings confirmed the synergistic effect between the additive components. Modified polyester films did not eliminate the phi6 bacteriophage particles completely, but they did decrease their number, confirming moderate antiviral effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Zdanowicz
- Center of Bioimmobilisation and Innovative Packaging Materials, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Janickiego 35, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Mizielińska
- Center of Bioimmobilisation and Innovative Packaging Materials, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Janickiego 35, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Kowalczyk
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Piastów Ave. 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland;
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Wang T, Kanda H, Kusumi K, Mei L, Zhang L, Machida H, Norinaga K, Yamamoto T, Sekikawa H, Yasui K, Zhu L. Environmental-friendly extraction of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate from poly(vinyl chloride) using liquefied dimethyl ether. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 183:21-31. [PMID: 38714119 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is one of the most widely used plastics. However, a major challenge in recycling PVC is that there is no economical method to separate and remove its toxic phthalate plasticizers. This research made a breakthrough by extracting PVC with liquefied dimethyl ether (DME) and successfully separating the plasticizer components. Nearly all (97.1 %) of the di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate plasticizer was extracted within 30 min by passing liquefied DME (285 g) through PVC at 25 °C. The compatibility of PVC with organic solvents, including liquefied DME, was derived theoretically from their Hansen solubility parameters (HSP), and actual dissolution experiments were conducted to determine the optimal PVC solvents. A liquefied DME mixture was used to dissolve PVC, and the extract was diluted with ethanol to precipitate the dissolved PVC. We demonstrated that liquefied DME is a promising method for producing high quality recycled products and that the process retains the fundamental properties of plasticizers and PVC without inducing degradation or depolymerization. Because of its low boiling point, DME can be easily separated from the solute after extraction, allowing for efficient reuse of the solvent, extracted plasticizer, and PVC. DME does not require heat and produces little harmful wastewater, which significantly reduces the energy consumption of the plasticizer additive separation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Department of Chemical Systems Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hideki Kanda
- Department of Chemical Systems Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.
| | - Kaito Kusumi
- Department of Materials Process Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Li Mei
- Department of Chemical Systems Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Department of Chemical Systems Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Machida
- Department of Chemical Systems Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Koyo Norinaga
- Department of Chemical Systems Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yamamoto
- Department of Chemical Systems Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sekikawa
- Central Research Laboratories, DIC Corporation, 631, Sakado, Sakura, Chiba 285-8668, Japan
| | - Kengo Yasui
- Central Research Laboratories, DIC Corporation, 631, Sakado, Sakura, Chiba 285-8668, Japan
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Chemical Systems Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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Svoboda R, Machotová J. How Depolymerization-Based Plasticization Affects the Process of Cold Crystallization in Poly(P-Dioxanone). Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400369. [PMID: 38923170 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The self-plasticization, i.e., the increase in the polymer chains' mobility by including its monomer, has a major impact on a polymer's structural, thermal, and mechanical properties. In this study, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), optical and Raman microscopies, thermo-mechanical analysis (TMA), size exclusion chromatography equipped with a multi-angle light scattering detector (SEC-MALS), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) are used to investigate the effect of thermally induced self-plasticization of poly-(p-dioxanone), PDX, on the crystal growths from the amorphous and molten states. Significant changes in the crystallization behavior and mechanical properties of PDX are found only for samples self-plasticized at the depolymerization temperature (Td) above 150 °C. The intense self-plasticization leads to the decrease of the crystallization temperature, increase of the crystal growth rapidity, disappearance of the distinct α→α' polymorphic transition, reduction of the overall melting temperature, and segregation of the redundant monomer. Although the morphology of the crystalline phase has a major impact on the mechanical properties of PDX, the self-plasticization itself does not seem to result in any major changes in the magnitude, localization, or morphology of formed crystallites (these are primarily driven by the temperature of crystal growth). The manifestation of the variable activation energy concept is discussed for the present crystallization data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Svoboda
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, Pardubice, 53210, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Machotová
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Macromolecular Materials, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, Pardubice, 53210, Czech Republic
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Smith L, Karimi-Varzaneh HA, Finger S, Giunta G, Troisi A, Carbone P. Framework for a High-Throughput Screening Method to Assess Polymer/Plasticizer Miscibility: The Case of Hydrocarbons in Polyolefins. Macromolecules 2024; 57:4637-4647. [PMID: 38827962 PMCID: PMC11140736 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c01764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Polymer composite materials require softening to reduce their glass transition temperature and improve processability. To this end, plasticizers (PLs), which are small organic molecules, are added to the polymer matrix. The miscibility of these PLs has a large impact on their effectiveness and, therefore, their interactions with the polymer matrix must be carefully considered. Many PL characteristics, including their size, topology, and flexibility, can impact their miscibility and, because of the exponentially large number of PLs, the current trial-and-error approach is very ineffective. In this work, we show that using coarse-grained molecular simulations of a small dataset of 48 PLs, it is possible to identify topological and thermodynamic descriptors that are proxy for their miscibility. Using ad-hoc molecular dynamics simulation setups that are relatively computationally inexpensive, we establish correlations between the PLs' topology, internal flexibility, thermodynamics of aggregation, and degree of miscibility, and use these descriptors to classify the molecules as miscible or immiscible. With all available data, we also construct a decision tree model, which achieves a F1 score of 0.86 ± 0.01 with repeated, stratified 5-fold cross-validation, indicating that this machine learning method can be a promising route to fully automate the screening. By evaluating the individual performance of the descriptors, we show this procedure enables a 10-fold reduction of the test space and provides the basis for the development of workflows that can efficiently screen PLs with a variety of topological features. The approach is used here to screen for apolar PLs in polyisoprene melts, but similar proxies would be valid for other polyolefins, while, in cases where polar interactions drive the miscibility, other descriptors are likely to be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lois Smith
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13
9PL Manchester, U.K.
| | | | - Sebastian Finger
- Continental
Reifen Deutschland GmbH, Jädekamp 30, D-30419 Hanover, Germany
| | - Giuliana Giunta
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13
9PL Manchester, U.K.
- BASF, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Alessandro Troisi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, L69 7ZD Liverpool, U.K.
| | - Paola Carbone
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13
9PL Manchester, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL Manchester, U.K.
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Jacob S, Boddu SHS, Bhandare R, Ahmad SS, Nair AB. Orodispersible Films: Current Innovations and Emerging Trends. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2753. [PMID: 38140094 PMCID: PMC10747242 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Orodispersible films (ODFs) are thin, mechanically strong, and flexible polymeric films that are designed to dissolve or disintegrate rapidly in the oral cavity for local and/or systemic drug delivery. This review examines various aspects of ODFs and their potential as a drug delivery system. Recent advancements, including the detailed exploration of formulation components, such as polymers and plasticizers, are briefed. The review highlights the versatility of preparation methods, particularly the solvent-casting production process, and novel 3D printing techniques that bring inherent flexibility. Three-dimensional printing technology not only diversifies active compounds but also enables a multilayer approach, effectively segregating incompatible drugs. The integration of nanoparticles into ODF formulations marks a significant breakthrough, thus enhancing the efficiency of oral drug delivery and broadening the scope of the drugs amenable to this route. This review also sheds light on the diverse in vitro evaluation methods utilized to characterize ODFs, ongoing clinical trials, approved marketed products, and recent patents, providing a comprehensive outlook of the evolving landscape of orodispersible drug delivery. Current patient-centric approaches involve developing ODFs with patient-friendly attributes, such as improved taste masking, ease of administration, and enhanced patient compliance, along with the personalization of ODF formulations to meet individual patient needs. Investigating novel functional excipients with the potential to enhance the permeation of high-molecular-weight polar drugs, fragile proteins, and oligonucleotides is crucial for rapid progress in the advancing domain of orodispersible drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shery Jacob
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman P.O. Box 4184, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Sai H. S. Boddu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates; (S.H.S.B.); (R.B.)
- Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Richie Bhandare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates; (S.H.S.B.); (R.B.)
- Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Samiullah Shabbir Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman P.O. Box 4184, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Anroop B. Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
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de Farias BS, Rizzi FZ, Ribeiro ES, Diaz PS, Sant'Anna Cadaval Junior TR, Dotto GL, Khan MR, Manoharadas S, de Almeida Pinto LA, Dos Reis GS. Influence of gelatin type on physicochemical properties of electrospun nanofibers. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15195. [PMID: 37710008 PMCID: PMC10502060 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42472-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explores the fabrication of nanofibers using different types of gelatins, including bovine, porcine, and fish gelatins. The gelatins exhibited distinct molecular weights and apparent viscosity values, leading to different entanglement behavior and nanofiber production. The electrospinning technique produced nanofibers with diameters from 47 to 274 nm. The electrospinning process induced conformational changes, reducing the overall crystallinity of the gelatin samples. However, porcine gelatin nanofibers exhibited enhanced molecular ordering. These findings highlight the potential of different gelatin types to produce nanofibers with distinct physicochemical properties. Overall, this study sheds light on the relationship between gelatin properties, electrospinning process conditions, and the resulting nanofiber characteristics, providing insights for tailored applications in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Silva de Farias
- School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), km 8 Itália Avenue, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Francisca Zuchoski Rizzi
- School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), km 8 Itália Avenue, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Silveira Ribeiro
- Biotechnology Unit, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL), Eliseu Maciel, Capão do Leão, 96010-610, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Silva Diaz
- Biotechnology Unit, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL), Eliseu Maciel, Capão do Leão, 96010-610, Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme Luiz Dotto
- Research Group on Adsorptive and Catalytic Process Engineering (ENGEPAC), Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000-7, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Mohammad Rizwan Khan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim Manoharadas
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Luiz Antonio de Almeida Pinto
- School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), km 8 Itália Avenue, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Glaydson Simões Dos Reis
- Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, Biomass Technology Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83, Umeå, Sweden.
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7
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Jagarlapudi SS, Cross HS, Das T, Goddard WA. Thermomechanical Properties of Nontoxic Plasticizers for Polyvinyl Chloride Predicted from Molecular Dynamics Simulations. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:24858-24867. [PMID: 37167600 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Environmental and toxicity concerns dictate replacement of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) plasticizer used to impart flexibility and thermal stability to polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Potential alternatives to DEHP in PVC include diheptyl succinate (DHS), diethyl adipate (DEA), 1,4-butanediol dibenzoate (1,4-BDB), and dibutyl sebacate (DBS). To examine whether that these bio-based plasticizers can compete with DEHP, we need to compare their tensile, mechanical, and diffusional properties. This work focuses on predicting the effect these plasticizers have on Tg, Young's modulus, shear modulus, fractional free volume, and diffusion for PVC-plasticizer systems. Where data was available, the results from this study are in good agreement with the experiment; we conclude that DBS and DHS are most promising green plasticizers for PVC, since they have properties comparable to DEHP but not the environmental and toxicity concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snigdha S Jagarlapudi
- Materials and Process Simulation Center (MSC), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Heaven S Cross
- Materials and Process Simulation Center (MSC), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Tridip Das
- Materials and Process Simulation Center (MSC), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - William A Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center (MSC), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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8
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Giunta G, Smith L, Bartha K, Karimi-Varzaneh HA, Carbone P. Understanding the balance between additives' miscibility and plasticisation effect in polymer composites: a computational study. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:2377-2384. [PMID: 36920461 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01642g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plasticisers are small organic molecules routinely added to polymer composites that modify the processability of the compounds by adsorbing on the filler's surface or dispersing into the polymer matrix. Here using a simple yet chemically specific coarse-grained model, we demonstrate that the filler surface coverage and the degree of dispersion into the polymer matrix can be tuned without modifying the chemistry of the plasticisers but only by varying their conformational flexibility. We show that when the adsorption mechanism and clustering into the bulk are entropically driven as in this work, this is a general phenomenon independent on the polymer chemistry and its molecular weight. Our findings suggest a simple practical design rule that requires only minor modifications of the plasticisers' chemistry to achieve maximum adsorption onto the filler surface or dispersion into the polymer matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Giunta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK.
| | - Lois Smith
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK.
| | - Kristof Bartha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK.
| | | | - Paola Carbone
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK.
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9
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Espíndola SP, Norder B, Koper GJM, Picken SJ. The Glass Transition Temperature of Heterogeneous Biopolymer Systems. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:1627-1637. [PMID: 36889305 PMCID: PMC10091355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Biopolymers are abundant, renewable, and biodegradable resources. However, bio-based materials often require toughening additives, like (co)polymers or small plasticizing molecules. Plasticization is monitored via the glass transition temperature versus diluent content. To describe this, several thermodynamic models exist; nevertheless, most expressions are phenomenological and lead to over-parametrization. They also fail to describe the influence of sample history and the degree of miscibility via structure-property relationships. We propose a new model to deal with semi-compatible systems: the generalized mean model, which can classify diluent segregation or partitioning. When the constant kGM is below unity, the addition of plasticizers has hardly any effect, and in some cases, even anti-plasticization is observed. On the other hand, when the kGM is above unity, the system is highly plasticized even for a small addition of the plasticizer compound, which indicates that the plasticizer locally has a higher concentration. To showcase the model, we studied Na-alginate films with increasing sizes of sugar alcohols. Our kGM analysis showed that blends have properties that depend on specific polymer interactions and morphological size effects. Finally, we also modeled other plasticized (bio)polymer systems from the literature, concluding that they all tend to have a heterogeneous nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suellen Pereira Espíndola
- Advanced Soft Matter, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Ben Norder
- Advanced Soft Matter, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Ger J M Koper
- Advanced Soft Matter, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen J Picken
- Advanced Soft Matter, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
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10
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Glass transition, crystallization kinetics, and inter-conformer relaxation dynamics of amorphous mitotane and related compounds. Int J Pharm 2022; 629:122390. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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11
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Sukhyy K, Belyanovskaya E, Nosova A, Sukha I, Sukhyy M, Huang Y, Kochergin Y, Hryhorenko T. Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Composites Modified with Polysulphide Rubber. CHEMISTRY & CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.23939/chcht16.03.432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 Xidazhi street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
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12
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Mathew CM, Rajendran S. Effect of gel additives on poly(vinylidene chloride‐co‐acrylontrile)‐based polymer membranes. POLYM ENG SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chithra M. Mathew
- Department of Physics Nirmalagiri College Kuthuparamba Kannur India
- Department of Physics Alagappa University Karaikudi India
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13
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Halloran MW, Nicell JA, Leask RL, Marić M. Bio‐based glycerol plasticizers for flexible poly(vinyl chloride) blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jim A. Nicell
- Department of Civil Engineering McGill University Montréal Quebec Canada
| | - Richard L. Leask
- Department of Chemical Engineering McGill University Montréal Quebec Canada
| | - Milan Marić
- Department of Chemical Engineering McGill University Montréal Quebec Canada
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14
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Investigation into the effect of ZnO nanorod coating on the thermal-mechanical and dielectric properties of ITO coated PET. MATERIALS RESEARCH BULLETIN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2021.111701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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15
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Borrmann D, Danzer A, Sadowski G. Water Sorption in Glassy Polyvinylpyrrolidone-Based Polymers. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12040434. [PMID: 35448403 PMCID: PMC9026426 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12040434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-based polymers are excellent stabilizers for food supplements and pharmaceutical ingredients. However, they are highly hygroscopic. This study measured and modeled the water-sorption isotherms and water-sorption kinetics in thin PVP and PVP-co-vinyl acetate (PVPVA) films. The water sorption was measured at 25 °C from 0 to 0.9 RH, which comprised glassy and rubbery states of the polymer-water system. The sorption behavior of glassy polymers differs from that in the rubbery state. The perturbed-chain statistical associating fluid theory (PC-SAFT) accurately describes the water-sorption isotherms for rubbery polymers, whereas it was combined with the non-equilibrium thermodynamics of glassy polymers (NET-GP) approach to describe the water-sorption in the glassy polymers. Combined NET-GP and PC-SAFT modeling showed excellent agreement with the experimental data. Furthermore, the transitions between the PC-SAFT modeling with and without NET-GP were in reasonable agreement with the glass transition of the polymer-water systems. Furthermore, we obtained Fickian water diffusion coefficients in PVP and in PVPVA from the measured water-sorption kinetics over a broad range of humidities. Maxwell-Stefan and Fickian water diffusion coefficients yielded a non-monotonous water concentration dependency that could be described using the free-volume theory combined with PC-SAFT and NET-GP for calculating the free volume.
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16
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Sridhar AS. Effect of stoichiometry on crosslinked epoxy resin characteristics: structural heterogeneities, topological defects, properties, free volume and segmental mobility. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:2354-2372. [PMID: 35253035 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01825f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Experimental studies have shown that changes in stoichiometry (R, ratio of amine groups to epoxy groups) cause considerable variations in the properties of epoxy-amine systems. Rationales based on free volume concepts have been routinely used to address these variations in properties but have hardly been satisfactorily substantiated. Many of these rationales remain as unverified conjectures to date. Substantiating these rationales will certainly bolster our understanding of the structure-stoichiometry-property relationship, but is difficult, due to inherent challenges involved in unambiguously characterizing the structural heterogeneities induced by changes in stoichiometry (structural heterogeneities include compositional distribution in the functionality of monomers, non-uniform dispersion of elastic chains and topological defects). The aim of the present work is to gain molecular-level insights into this relationship and to verify the rationales that rely on free volume concepts used for addressing the variations in properties with stoichiometry, with the help of all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Five epoxy-amine systems with varying R ranging from 0.4 to 3, including the stoichiometric system (R = 1), were considered for these purposes. The properties of interest namely density, glass transition temperature (Tg) and thermal expansion coefficient in the rubbery state (αrl) of these systems were predicted. The local structure, fractional free volume and segmental mobility of these systems were then subsequently characterized as a function of stoichiometry and the results were analysed in detail. The role played by defects in properties and fractional free volume was then investigated. The results revealed significant insights into the compositional distribution of monomers with different functionalities as well as offered insights into the dispersion state and mobility of dangling chains, sols and elastic chains in the systems. Further, strong correlations were found between defect composition, fractional free volume at an elevated temperature (600 K) and thermomechanical properties (Tg and αrl) and it was established that the key mechanism underlying these correlations was the plasticization caused by defects. Analysis based on the rule of mixture models showed that these correlations were found to be in good agreement with the interpretations based on free volume concepts. The results also revealed a strong negative correlation between fractional free volume at room temperature and defect composition, a phenomenon typically associated with the antiplasticization effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Srikanth Sridhar
- Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, The Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), 10044 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Drug-Biopolymer Dispersions: Morphology- and Temperature- Dependent (Anti)Plasticizer Effect of the Drug and Component-Specific Johari-Goldstein Relaxations. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052456. [PMID: 35269593 PMCID: PMC8910109 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Amorphous molecule-macromolecule mixtures are ubiquitous in polymer technology and are one of the most studied routes for the development of amorphous drug formulations. For these applications it is crucial to understand how the preparation method affects the properties of the mixtures. Here, we employ differential scanning calorimetry and broadband dielectric spectroscopy to investigate dispersions of a small-molecule drug (the Nordazepam anxiolytic) in biodegradable polylactide, both in the form of solvent-cast films and electrospun microfibres. We show that the dispersion of the same small-molecule compound can have opposite (plasticizing or antiplasticizing) effects on the segmental mobility of a biopolymer depending on preparation method, temperature, and polymer enantiomerism. We compare two different chiral forms of the polymer, namely, the enantiomeric pure, semicrystalline L-polymer (PLLA), and a random, fully amorphous copolymer containing both L and D monomers (PDLLA), both of which have lower glass transition temperature (Tg) than the drug. While the drug has a weak antiplasticizing effect on the films, consistent with its higher Tg, we find that it actually acts as a plasticizer for the PLLA microfibres, reducing their Tg by as much as 14 K at 30%-weight drug loading, namely, to a value that is lower than the Tg of fully amorphous films. The structural relaxation time of the samples similarly depends on chemical composition and morphology. Most mixtures displayed a single structural relaxation, as expected for homogeneous samples. In the PLLA microfibres, the presence of crystalline domains increases the structural relaxation time of the amorphous fraction, while the presence of the drug lowers the structural relaxation time of the (partially stretched) chains in the microfibres, increasing chain mobility well above that of the fully amorphous polymer matrix. Even fully amorphous homogeneous mixtures exhibit two distinct Johari-Goldstein relaxation processes, one for each chemical component. Our findings have important implications for the interpretation of the Johari-Goldstein process as well as for the physical stability and mechanical properties of microfibres with small-molecule additives.
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18
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The Effect of Composition, Pre-Treatment on the Mechanical and Acoustic Properties of Apple Gels and Freeze-Dried Materials. Gels 2022; 8:gels8020110. [PMID: 35200491 PMCID: PMC8871514 DOI: 10.3390/gels8020110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effect of the addition of apple juice concentrate (AJC) on the properties of agar gel and dried materials. Agar gels with the addition of apple juice concentrate in the range of 5–20% were prepared with or without the addition of maltodextrin. The gels were also soaked in the solution of AJC. The water content, water activity, densities, some mechanical and acoustic descriptors of gels, and the freeze-dried gels were analysed. The porosity and shrinkage of dried products were also investigated. The addition of AJC significantly changed mechanical and acoustic properties of gels. The hardness of gels decreased with a higher addition of concentrate. Dried samples with a lower concentration of sugars (the lower addition of AJC) were characterised by lower shrinkage and higher porosity, as well as crispness and glass transition temperature. The investigated mechanical and acoustic properties of dried gels showed the addition of apple concentrate at the level of 5% to agar solution was optimal.
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McKenzie-Smith TQ, Douglas JF, Starr FW. Explaining the Sensitivity of Polymer Segmental Relaxation to Additive Size Based on the Localization Model. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:277802. [PMID: 35061445 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.277802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We use molecular simulations to examine how the dynamics of a coarse-grained polymer melt are altered by additives of variable size and interaction strength with the polymer matrix. The effect of diluent size σ on polymer dynamics changes significantly when its size is comparable to the polymer segment size. For each σ, we show that the localization model (LM) quantitatively describes the dependence of the segmental relaxation time τ on temperature T in terms of dynamic free volume, quantified by the Debye-Waller factor ⟨u^{2}⟩. Within this model, we show that the additive size alone controls the functional form of the T dependence. The LM parameters reach asymptotic values when the diluent size exceeds the monomer size, converging to a limit applicable to macroscopic interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jack F Douglas
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Francis W Starr
- Department of Physics, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut 06459-0155, USA
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20
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Tedeschi AM, Di Caprio F, Piozzi A, Pagnanelli F, Francolini I. Sustainable Bioactive Packaging Based on Thermoplastic Starch and Microalgae. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010178. [PMID: 35008606 PMCID: PMC8745059 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study combines the use of corn starch and Tetradesmus obliquus microalgae for the production of antioxidant starch films as flexible packaging material. Starch was plasticized with glycerol and blended with 1 w% polyallylamine chosen as an agent to modify the film physical properties. The addition of polyallylamine improved film water stability and water vapor transmission rate as well as mechanical stiffness and tenacity. The dried Tetradesmus obliquus microalgae, which showed an EC50 value of 2.8 mg/mg DPPH (2.2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical), was then used as antioxidant filler. The addition of microalgae provided the films with good antioxidant activity, which increased with microalgae content increasing. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the development of sustainable bioactive packaging films composed of almost 100% starch, and follows the European union's goals on plastics strategy concerning the promotion of bio-based, compostable plastics and the setting up of approaches to prevent food waste with a simple plastic packaging.
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21
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Trindade LC, Rabello MS. Monitoring by acoustic emission the mechanical behavior of polystyrene submitted to stress cracking at different temperatures. POLYM ENG SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luciane C. Trindade
- Department of Materials Engineering Federal University of Campina Grande Campina Grande Brazil
| | - Marcelo S. Rabello
- Department of Materials Engineering Federal University of Campina Grande Campina Grande Brazil
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22
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Bogdanova E, Millqvist Fureby A, Kocherbitov V. Hydration enthalpies of amorphous sucrose, trehalose and maltodextrins and their relationship with heat capacities. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:14433-14448. [PMID: 34180926 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00779c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of glass transitions and the behavior of small solute molecules in a glassy matrix are some of the most important topics of modern thermodynamics. Water plays an important role in the physical and chemical stability of lyophilized biologics formulations, in which glassy carbohydrates act as cryoprotectants and stabilizers. In this study, sorption calorimetry was used for simultaneous measurements of water activity and the enthalpy of water sorption by amorphous sucrose, trehalose and maltodextrins. Moreover, the heat capacity of these carbohydrates in mixtures with water was measured by DSC in a broad range of water contents. The hydration enthalpies of glassy sucrose, trehalose and maltodextrins are exothermic, and the enthalpy change of water-induced isothermal glass transitions is higher for small molecules. The partial molar enthalpy of mixing of water in slow experiments is about -18 kJ mol-1, but less exothermic in the case of small molecules at fast hydration scan rates. By measuring the heat capacities of disaccharides and maltodextrins as a function of water content, we separated the contributions of carbohydrates and water to the total heat capacities of the mixtures. The combination of these data allowed testing of thermodynamic models describing the hydration-induced glass transitions. The heat capacity changes calculated by the fitting of the hydration enthalpy data for disaccharides are in good agreement with the heat capacity data obtained by DSC, while for maltodextrins, the effect of sub-Tg transitions should be taken into account. Combining the data obtained by different techniques, we found a distinct difference in the behavior of water in glassy polymers compared to that in glassy disaccharides. By understanding the behavior of water in glassy carbohydrates, these results can be used to improve the design of freeze-dried formulations of proteins and probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Bogdanova
- Biomedical Science, Malmö University, SE-20506, Malmö, Sweden. and Biofilms research center for Biointerfaces, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Vitaly Kocherbitov
- Biomedical Science, Malmö University, SE-20506, Malmö, Sweden. and Biofilms research center for Biointerfaces, Malmö, Sweden
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Coroli A, Romano R, Saccani A, Raddadi N, Mele E, Mascia L. An In-Vitro Evaluation of the Characteristics of Zein-Based Films for the Release of Lactobionic Acid and the Effects of Oleic Acid. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1826. [PMID: 34072945 PMCID: PMC8198277 DOI: 10.3390/polym13111826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobionic acid (LBA) is widely used in different industrial sectors owing to its biocompatibility characteristics as well as antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. In this study, mixtures of the protein zein with LBA and with the addition of oleic acid (OA) as a ternary system were investigated as drug delivery films for the release of LBA. The chosen combinations exploit the vast difference in water solubility between LBA and the other two components (zein and OA). DSC thermograms and dynamic mechanical spectra, alongside electron microscopy images, were used to describe the microstructural features of the films and were found to provide insights for the release of LBA from the two examined zein-based films immersed in an aqueous physiological solution. For both film systems, a burst release behavior was observed, followed by a rapid and total extraction of LBA. The required immersion time for the total extraction of LBA was greatly reduced when oleic acid was added to the precursor solution mixture for producing the films. The LBA released from the zein-based films was found to exhibit both the expected antioxidant properties as well as exerting bacteriostatic effects towards Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Coroli
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, 40131 Bologna, Italy; (A.C.); (R.R.); (A.S.); (N.R.)
| | - Roberta Romano
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, 40131 Bologna, Italy; (A.C.); (R.R.); (A.S.); (N.R.)
| | - Andrea Saccani
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, 40131 Bologna, Italy; (A.C.); (R.R.); (A.S.); (N.R.)
| | - Noura Raddadi
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, 40131 Bologna, Italy; (A.C.); (R.R.); (A.S.); (N.R.)
| | - Elisa Mele
- Materials Department, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Leno Mascia
- Materials Department, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
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Quaternary enteric solid dispersion prepared by hot-melt extrusion to mask the bitter taste and enhance drug stability. Int J Pharm 2021; 597:120279. [PMID: 33540020 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
To mask the bitterness of drug is profoundly important especially in children's medication. This study designed and investigated a quaternary enteric solid dispersion (QESD) by secondary hot-melt-extrusion. Erythromycin (EM) was chosen as a model drug. The optimal QESD contained enteric polymer HPMCP-55, plasticizer and water-soluble polymer copovidone VA64. Raman and Atomic force microscope has exploited that majority EM was distributed in VA64 matrix, nanometer-sized EM-VA64 system was entrapped within enteric continuous phase to form a solid emulsion-like structure. For the prepared QESD, EM released concentration was far less than bitterness threshold (7 μg/mL to 20 μg/mL) in artificial saliva within the first 30 s. And dissolution rate was increased by 10% in article intestine fluid, which dominated by water-soluble VA64. Stress testing after two months at high-humidity (75% RH) and high-temperature (60 °C) revealed, compared with traditional enteric SDs, the chemical degradation of EM was slowed down in QESD. Furthermore, hydrogen and salt bonds were respectively formed between EM and VA64 and between leaking EM and HPMCP-55, which increasing the system stability and taste-masking. The effect of masking bitter taste can be satisfied as well as enhance drug dissolution rate in the intestine, and formulation physicochemical stability during storage.
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