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Geszke-Moritz M, Moritz M. Biodegradable Polymeric Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery Systems: Comprehensive Overview, Perspectives and Challenges. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2536. [PMID: 39274168 PMCID: PMC11397980 DOI: 10.3390/polym16172536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, there has been a growing interest in the use of biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles (BPNPs) as the carriers for various therapeutic agents in drug delivery systems. BPNPs have the potential to improve the efficacy of numerous active agents by facilitating targeted delivery to a desired site in the body. Biodegradable polymers are especially promising nanocarriers for therapeutic substances characterized by poor solubility, instability, rapid metabolism, and rapid system elimination. Such molecules can be efficiently encapsulated and subsequently released from nanoparticles, which greatly improves their stability and bioavailability. Biopolymers seem to be the most suitable candidates to be used as the nanocarriers in various delivery platforms, especially due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. Other unique properties of the polymeric nanocarriers include low cost, flexibility, stability, minimal side effects, low toxicity, good entrapment potential, and long-term and controlled drug release. An overview summarizing the research results from the last years in the field of the successful fabrication of BPNPs loaded with various therapeutic agents is provided. The possible challenges involving nanoparticle stability under physiological conditions and the possibility of scaling up production while maintaining quality, as well as the future possibilities of employing BPNPs, are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Geszke-Moritz
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Medicines, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Plac Polskiego Czerwonego Krzyża 1, 71-251 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Michał Moritz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Plac Polskiego Czerwonego Krzyża 1, 71-251 Szczecin, Poland
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2
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Jiang Z, Huo S, Qiao L, Lin P, Fu L, Wu Y, Li W, Bian C, Li Y, Li N, Cheng H, Nie X, Ding S. Inhalable mucin-permeable nanomicelles deliver antibiotics for effective treatment of chronic pneumonia. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:8465-8476. [PMID: 39109448 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02970k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) pneumonia can have serious physiological consequences, particularly when P. aeruginosa biofilms are formed. Although inhaled therapy is preferred, inhaled drugs tend to get trapped by pulmonary mucus, which hinders efficient antibiotic permeability through mucus and biofilms. In this study, we prepare poly[2-(pentamethyleneimino)ethyl methacrylate]-block-poly[2-(N-oxide-pentamethyleneimino)ethyl methacrylate] (PPEMA-b-PPOEMA) micelles loaded with azithromycin (AZM) using reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization to achieve effective treatment of P. aeruginosa pneumonia. The zwitterionic structure on the surface of the micelle facilitates the successful traversal of the mucus and optimal concentration within the biofilm. Furthermore, the protonation of piperidine in the polymer enables the micelles to exhibit a positive charge in the acidic environment of a bacterial infection, enhancing AZM's interaction with the bacterium. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrate that this transmucosal zwitterionic polymer, in combination with a charge reversal strategy, effectively promotes the enrichment of micelles at the site of bacterial infection, thereby increasing the number of antibiotics reaching the bacterial interior and demonstrating remarkable antibacterial synergy. Overall, this work offers a promising approach for trans-airway drug delivery in the treatment of pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitong Jiang
- Department of Paediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China.
| | - Shaohu Huo
- Department of Paediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China.
| | - Lei Qiao
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Paiyu Lin
- Department of Paediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China.
| | - Ling Fu
- Department of Paediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China.
| | - Yaling Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Wenhong Li
- Department of Paediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China.
| | - Chenrong Bian
- Department of Paediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China.
| | - Yaoyao Li
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Nan Li
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Haiyan Cheng
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Xuan Nie
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Pharmaceutical Preparations and Clinical Pharmacy, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.
| | - Shenggang Ding
- Department of Paediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China.
- Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, China National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, 100045, China
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Erensoy G, Råberg L, von Mentzer U, Menges LD, Bardhi E, Hultgård Ekwall AK, Stubelius A. Dynamic Release from Acetalated Dextran Nanoparticles for Precision Therapy of Inflammation. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:3810-3820. [PMID: 38795048 PMCID: PMC11191005 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
Polymer-based nanoparticles (NPs) that react to altered physiological characteristics have the potential to enhance the delivery of therapeutics to a specific area. These materials can utilize biochemical triggers, such as low pH, which is prone to happen locally in an inflammatory microenvironment due to increased cellular activity. This reduced pH is neutralized when inflammation subsides. For precise delivery of therapeutics to match this dynamic reaction, drug delivery systems (DDS) need to not only release the drug (ON) but also stop the release (OFF) autonomously. In this study, we use a systematic approach to optimize the composition of acetalated dextran (AcDex) NPs to start (ON) and stop (OFF) releasing model cargo, depending on local pH changes. By mixing ratios of AcDex polymers (mixed NPs), we achieved a highly sensitive material that was able to rapidly release cargo when going from pH 7.4 to pH 6.0. At the same time, the mix also offered a stable composition that enabled a rapid ON/OFF/ON/OFF switching within this narrow pH range in only 90 min. These mixed NPs were also sensitive to biological pH changes, with increased release in the presence of inflammatory cells compared to healthy cells. Such precise and controllable characteristics of a DDS position mixed NPs as a potential treatment platform to inhibit disease flare-ups, reducing both systemic and local side effects to offer a superior treatment option for inflammation compared to conventional systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Erensoy
- Division
of Chemical Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
| | - Loise Råberg
- Division
of Chemical Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
| | - Ula von Mentzer
- Division
of Chemical Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
| | - Luca Dirk Menges
- Division
of Chemical Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
| | - Endri Bardhi
- Division
of Chemical Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
| | - Anna-Karin Hultgård Ekwall
- The
Rheumatology Clinic, Sahlgrenska University
Hospital, Gothenburg 413 45, Sweden
- Department
of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine,
Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 413 46, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Stubelius
- Division
of Chemical Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
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4
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Li X, Chen K, Shi X, Dong S, Chen Y, Wang B. Notoginsenoside R1 restrains the proliferation and migration of airway smooth muscle cells isolated from rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Inhal Toxicol 2024; 36:145-157. [PMID: 38411938 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2024.2319708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common disorder that is characterized by systemic and lung inflammation. Notoginsenoside R1 (NGR1) displays anti-inflammatory properties in numerous diseases. We aimed to explore the function and mechanism of NGR1 in COPD. MATERIALS AND METHODS COPD rats were established through cigarette smoke exposure, lipopolysaccharide injection, and cold stimulation. Rat airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) were separated and identified. Then, ASMCs were treated with NGR1 (25 or 50 μM) and cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Thereafter, the vitality, proliferation, and migration of ASMCs were measured. Additionally, cell cycle, inflammation-related factors, α-SMA, and PI3K/AKT pathway-related marker expressions of the ASMCs were also detected. Molecular docking experiments were conducted to explore the interaction of NGR1 to PI3K, TGF-β, p65, and AKT. Moreover, 740 Y-P (a PI3K/Akt pathway agonist) were used to validate the mechanism of NGR1 on COPD. RESULTS NGR1 inhibited the proliferation and migration, but caused cell cycle arrest for CSE-triggered ASMCs. Furthermore, NGR1 not only decreased IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α contents, but also reduced α-SMA expression in CSE-stimulated ASMCs. Moreover, NGR1restrainedTGF-β1 expression, PI3K, p65, and AKT phosphorylation in CSE-stimulated ASMCs. Molecular docking experiments showed NGR1 exhibited a strong binding ability to PI3K, TGF-β1, p65, and AKT. Notably, the effects of NGR1 on the proliferation and migration of CSE-induced ASMCs were reversed by 740 Y-P. CONCLUSIONS NGR1 can restrain the proliferation and migration of CSE-induced ASMCs, indicating that NGR1 may be a therapeutic candidate for treating COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital, Huzhou University, Huzhou, PR China
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Respiratory Diseases, Huzhou, PR China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital, Huzhou University, Huzhou, PR China
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Respiratory Diseases, Huzhou, PR China
| | - Xuefei Shi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital, Huzhou University, Huzhou, PR China
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Respiratory Diseases, Huzhou, PR China
| | - Shunli Dong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital, Huzhou University, Huzhou, PR China
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Respiratory Diseases, Huzhou, PR China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital, Huzhou University, Huzhou, PR China
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Respiratory Diseases, Huzhou, PR China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital, Huzhou University, Huzhou, PR China
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Respiratory Diseases, Huzhou, PR China
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5
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Michailidou G, Li Y, Zamboulis A, Karlioti G, Meimaroglou D, Pantopoulos K, Bikiaris DN. A Water-Soluble Chitosan Derivative for the Release of Bioactive Deferoxamine. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:913. [PMID: 38255991 PMCID: PMC10815119 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Deferoxamine (DFO) is a water-soluble iron chelator used pharmacologically for the management of patients with transfusional iron overload. However, DFO is not cell-permeable and has a short plasma half-life, which necessitates lengthy parenteral administration with an infusion pump. We previously reported the synthesis of chitosan (CS) nanoparticles for sustained slow release of DFO. In the present study, we developed solid dispersions and nanoparticles of a carboxymethyl water-soluble chitosan derivative (CMCS) for improved DFO encapsulation and release. CS dispersions and nanoparticles with DFO have been prepared by ironical gelation using sodium triphosphate (TPP) and were examined for comparison purposes. The successful presence of DFO in CMCS polymeric dispersions and nanoparticles was confirmed through FTIR measurements. Furthermore, the formation of CMCS nanoparticles led to inclusion of DFO in an amorphous state, while dispersion of DFO in the polymeric matrix led to a decrease in its crystallinity according to X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results. An in vitro release assay indicated sustained release of DFO from CS and CMCS nanoparticles over 48 h and 24 h, respectively. Application of CMCS-DFO dispersions to murine RAW 264.7 macrophages or human HeLa cervical carcinoma cells triggered cellular responses to iron deficiency. These were exemplified in the induction of the mRNA encoding transferrin receptor 1, the major iron uptake protein, and the suppression of ferritin, the iron storage protein. Our data indicate that CMCS-DFO nanoparticles release bioactive DFO that causes effective iron chelation in cultured cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Michailidou
- Laboratory of Polymer and Colors Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.M.); (A.Z.); (G.K.); (D.M.)
| | - Yupeng Li
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada;
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Alexandra Zamboulis
- Laboratory of Polymer and Colors Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.M.); (A.Z.); (G.K.); (D.M.)
| | - Georgia Karlioti
- Laboratory of Polymer and Colors Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.M.); (A.Z.); (G.K.); (D.M.)
| | - Despoina Meimaroglou
- Laboratory of Polymer and Colors Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.M.); (A.Z.); (G.K.); (D.M.)
| | - Kostas Pantopoulos
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada;
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Dimitrios N. Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Polymer and Colors Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.M.); (A.Z.); (G.K.); (D.M.)
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6
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Govardhane S, Shende P. Zinc-Phthalocyanine Loaded PLGA-PVA-Chitosan Nanosystem for the Enhancement of Antidiabetic Activity. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:62-75. [PMID: 38038273 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Zinc, one of the most common nutraceutical agents, proved to be effective for diabetes as it regulates the blood glucose level by inhibiting glucagon secretion. However, the hepatotoxicity of zinc creates necrosis, hepatic glycogen depletion, and apoptosis of hepatocytes at the concentration of 10 μg/kg. Phthalocyanine, a blue-colored compound, is an aromatic macrocyclic compound with good antioxidant ability owing to its heterocyclic nitrogen conjugation. The conjugation of zinc with phthalocyanine aimed to reduce the toxicity associated with zinc and enhance the antidiabetic activity at a lower dose. Hence, the present research work possessed the insights of the synthetic aspect of zinc with phthalocyanine along with its entrapment in the poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-chitosan nanosystem via oral administration in the treatment of diabetes. A nanoprecipitation technique was implemented for the synthesis of PLGA chitosan nanoparticles, and formulation was further optimized using a central composite design. Twenty trials provided by the software selected optimum concentrations of PLGA, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), and chitosan in consideration with particle size up to 335.6 nm, zeta potential 27.87 mV, and entrapment efficiency of 75.67 ± 8.13%. Addition of chitosan to the nanocarrier system for controlling the release of the drug for 3 days was accompanied by the improvement in the glucose level within 28 days. The delivery of the nanoparticles showed enhancement in the cholesterol, triglyceride, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), urine parameters, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. The application of DoE (design of experiments) for the optimization of the nanoparticles established a controlled release formulation for diabetes, which displayed safety and effectiveness in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharayu Govardhane
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology management, SVKM's NMIMS, V. L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Pravin Shende
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology management, SVKM's NMIMS, V. L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
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7
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Balla E, Zamboulis A, Klonos P, Kyritsis A, Barmpalexis P, Bikiaris DΝ. Synthesis of novel interpenetrated network for ocular co-administration of timolol maleate and dorzolamide hydrochloride drugs. Int J Pharm 2023; 646:123439. [PMID: 37742821 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, novel interpenetrated networks (IPNs) of [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide) (SBMA) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were prepared for the ocular co-administration of timolol maleate (TIM) and dorzolamide hydrochloride (DORZ), two drugs widely used for the treatment of glaucoma. The successful polymerization of SBMA, in the presence of PVA, led to the formation of semi-interpenetrated pSBMA-PVA networks (IPNs), in the form of sponges, exhibiting intrinsic antimicrobial properties attributed to SBMA. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was utilized to confirm the successful synthesis of the IPNs. Further assessments, including contact angle and water sorption measurements, highlighted their significant hydrophilicity, a feature that makes them suitable for ocular applications. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements indicated that PVA serves as a plasticizer, while an assessment of the water sorption capacity of these materials suggested that although the incorporation of PVA results in slightly less hydrophilic materials, the prepared sponges still remain sufficiently hydrophilic for ocular use. Following their characterization, the optimal pSBMA-PVA IPN was used to encapsulate TIM and DORZ. Irritation tests, performed using the HET-CAM method, confirmed that the drug-loaded sponges were safe and potentially well-tolerated for ophthalmic use. Finally, the co-release study for the two drugs revealed a sustained release pattern in both cases, while drug release from the sponges was primarily controlled by diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Balla
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alexandra Zamboulis
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Klonos
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Apostolos Kyritsis
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Barmpalexis
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Ν Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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8
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Zacaron TM, Silva MLSE, Costa MP, Silva DME, Silva AC, Apolônio ACM, Fabri RL, Pittella F, Rocha HVA, Tavares GD. Advancements in Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles for Pulmonary Drug Delivery. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3849. [PMID: 37765701 PMCID: PMC10536410 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolution of respiratory diseases represents a considerable public health challenge, as they are among the leading causes of death worldwide. In this sense, in addition to the high prevalence of diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonia, cystic fibrosis, and lung cancer, emerging respiratory diseases, particularly those caused by members of the coronavirus family, have contributed to a significant number of deaths on a global scale over the last two decades. Therefore, several studies have been conducted to optimize the efficacy of treatments against these diseases, focusing on pulmonary drug delivery using nanomedicine. Thus, the development of nanocarriers has emerged as a promising alternative to overcome the limitations of conventional therapy, by increasing drug bioavailability at the target site and reducing unwanted side effects. In this context, nanoparticles composed of chitosan (CS) show advantages over other nanocarriers because chitosan possesses intrinsic biological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and mucoadhesive capacity. Moreover, CS nanoparticles have the potential to enhance drug stability, prolong the duration of action, improve drug targeting, control drug release, optimize dissolution of poorly soluble drugs, and increase cell membrane permeability of hydrophobic drugs. These properties could optimize the performance of the drug after its pulmonary administration. Therefore, this review aims to discuss the potential of chitosan nanoparticles for pulmonary drug delivery, highlighting how their biological properties can improve the treatment of pulmonary diseases, including their synergistic action with the encapsulated drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Medeiros Zacaron
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (T.M.Z.); (M.P.C.); (D.M.e.S.); (A.C.S.); (R.L.F.); (F.P.)
| | | | - Mirsiane Pascoal Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (T.M.Z.); (M.P.C.); (D.M.e.S.); (A.C.S.); (R.L.F.); (F.P.)
| | - Dominique Mesquita e Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (T.M.Z.); (M.P.C.); (D.M.e.S.); (A.C.S.); (R.L.F.); (F.P.)
| | - Allana Carvalho Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (T.M.Z.); (M.P.C.); (D.M.e.S.); (A.C.S.); (R.L.F.); (F.P.)
| | - Ana Carolina Morais Apolônio
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil;
| | - Rodrigo Luiz Fabri
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (T.M.Z.); (M.P.C.); (D.M.e.S.); (A.C.S.); (R.L.F.); (F.P.)
| | - Frederico Pittella
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (T.M.Z.); (M.P.C.); (D.M.e.S.); (A.C.S.); (R.L.F.); (F.P.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil;
| | - Helvécio Vinícius Antunes Rocha
- Laboratory of Micro and Nanotechnology—Farmanguinhos, FIOCRUZ—Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-361, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;
| | - Guilherme Diniz Tavares
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (T.M.Z.); (M.P.C.); (D.M.e.S.); (A.C.S.); (R.L.F.); (F.P.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil;
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9
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Lopes DP, Freitas SRM, Tanaka CB, Delechiave G, Kikuchi LNT, Braga RR, Kruzic JJ, Moreira MS, Boaro LCC, Catalani LH, Gonçalves F. Synthesis of Submicrometric Chitosan Particles Loaded with Calcium Phosphate for Biomedical Applications. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:56. [PMID: 36759364 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02517-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan particles loaded with dibasic calcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA) is a promising strategy for combining antimicrobial and osteoconduction properties in regenerative medicine. However, mostly micrometer-sized particles have been reported in the literature, limiting their use and reducing their effect in the biomedical field. We have recently overcome this limitation by developing submicrometer-sized particles with electrospray technique. The objective of this study was to understand how the process parameters control the size and properties of submicrometer chitosan particles loaded with DCPA. Solutions of 10 mg/mL chitosan and 2.5 mg/mL DCPA in a 90% acetic acid were electrosprayed under three distinct flow rate conditions: 0.2, 0.5, and 1.0 mL/h. The particles were crosslinked in a glutaraldehyde atmosphere and characterized in terms of their morphology, inorganic content, zeta potential, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against S. mutans. All conditions showed particles with two similar morphologies: one small-sized with a spherical shape and another larger-sized with a bi-concave shape. All generated a broad particle size distribution, with a similar mean size of ~ 235 nm. The addition of DCPA decreased the zeta potential for all the samples, but it was above 30 mV, indicating a low aggregation potential. The lower flow rate showed the worst efficacy for DCPA incorporation. Antimicrobial activity was greater in chitosan/DCPA particles with flow rate of 0.5 mL/h. It can be concluded that the flow rate of 0.5 mL/h presents the best compromise solution in terms of morphology, zeta potential, MIC, and inorganic content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Pereira Lopes
- Departamento de Odontologia, Universidade Ibirapuera, Av. Interlagos 1329 - 4° andar, São Paulo, SP, 04661-100, Brazil
| | - Selma Regina Muniz Freitas
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Santo Amaro, Av. Prof. Eneas de Siqueira Neto, 340, São Paulo, SP, 04829-900, Brazil
| | - Carina Baptiston Tanaka
- Centre for Rural Dentistry & Oral Health, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, 2800, Australia
| | - Giovanne Delechiave
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Lucia Nobuco Takamori Kikuchi
- Departamento de Odontologia, Universidade Ibirapuera, Av. Interlagos 1329 - 4° andar, São Paulo, SP, 04661-100, Brazil
| | - Roberto R Braga
- Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Biomateriais e Biologia Oral, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2222, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Jamie J Kruzic
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Maria Stella Moreira
- Departamento de Odontologia, Universidade Ibirapuera, Av. Interlagos 1329 - 4° andar, São Paulo, SP, 04661-100, Brazil
| | - Leticia Cristina Cidreira Boaro
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Santo Amaro, Av. Prof. Eneas de Siqueira Neto, 340, São Paulo, SP, 04829-900, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Henrique Catalani
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Flávia Gonçalves
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Santo Amaro, Av. Prof. Eneas de Siqueira Neto, 340, São Paulo, SP, 04829-900, Brazil
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10
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Ziganshina AY, Mansurova EE, Voloshina AD, Lyubina AP, Amerhanova SK, Shulaeva MM, Nizameev IR, Kadirov MK, Bakhtiozina LR, Semenov VE, Antipin IS. Thymine-Modified Nanocarrier for Doxorubicin Delivery in Glioblastoma Cells. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020551. [PMID: 36677608 PMCID: PMC9864328 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Brain tumor glioblastoma is one of the worst types of cancer. The blood-brain barrier prevents drugs from reaching brain cells and shields glioblastoma from treatment. The creation of nanocarriers to improve drug delivery and internalization effectiveness may be the solution to this issue. In this paper, we report on a new nanocarrier that was developed to deliver the anticancer drug doxorubicin to glioblastoma cells. The nanocarrier was obtained by nanoemulsion polymerization of diallyl disulfide with 1-allylthymine. Diallyl disulfide is a redox-sensitive molecule involved in redox cell activities, and thymine is a uracil derivative and one of the well-known bioactive compounds that can enhance the pharmacological activity of doxorubicin. Doxorubicin was successfully introduced into the nanocarrier with a load capacity of about 4.6%. Biological studies showed that the doxorubicin nanocarrier composition is far more cytotoxic to glioblastoma cells (T98G) than it is to cancer cells (M-HeLa) and healthy cells (Chang liver). The nanocarrier improves the penetration of doxorubicin into T98G cells and accelerates the cells' demise, as is evident from flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy data. The obtained nanocarrier, in our opinion, is a promising candidate for further research in glioblastoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albina Y. Ziganshina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str. 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Elina E. Mansurova
- Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Lobachevsky Str. 1/29, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Alexandra D. Voloshina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str. 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Anna P. Lyubina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str. 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Syumbelya K. Amerhanova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str. 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Marina M. Shulaeva
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str. 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Irek R. Nizameev
- Department of Nanotechnologies in Electronics, Kazan National Research Technical University Named after A. N. Tupolev—KAI, 10, K. Marx Str., 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Marsil K. Kadirov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str. 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Leysan R. Bakhtiozina
- Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Lobachevsky Str. 1/29, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav E. Semenov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str. 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Igor S. Antipin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str. 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia
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11
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Preparation and Characterization of a Novel Multiparticulate Dosage Form Carrying Budesonide-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles to Enhance the Efficiency of Pellets in the Colon. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010069. [PMID: 36678698 PMCID: PMC9865799 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
An attempt was made to conquer the limitation of orally administered nanoparticles for the delivery of budesonide to the colon. The ionic gelation technique was used to load budesonide on chitosan nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were investigated in terms of size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, shape and drug release. Then, nanoparticles were pelletized using the extrusion-spheronization method and were investigated for their size, mechanical properties, and drug release. Pellets were subsequently coated with a polymeric solution composed of two enteric (eudragit L and S) and time-dependent polymers (eudragit RS) for colon-specific delivery. All formulations were examined for their anti-inflammatory effect in rats with induced colitis and the relapse of the colitis after discontinuation of treatment was also followed. The size of nanoparticles ranged between 288 ± 7.5 and 566 ± 7.7 nm and zeta potential verified their positive charged surface. The drug release from nanoparticles showed an initial burst release followed by a continuous release. Pelletized nanoparticles showed proper mechanical properties and faster drug release in acidic pH compared with alkaline pH. It was interesting to note that pelletized budesonide nanoparticles released the drug throughout the GIT in a sustained fashion, and had long-lasting anti-inflammatory effects while rapid relapse was observed for those treated with conventional budesonide pellets. It seems that there is a synergistic effect of nanoformulation of budesonide and the encapsulation of pelletized nanoparticles in a proper coating system for colon delivery that could result in a significant and long-lasting anti-inflammatory effect.
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12
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A magnetic antibody-conjugated nano-system for selective delivery of Ca(OH) 2 and taxotere in ovarian cancer cells. Commun Biol 2022; 5:995. [PMID: 36130999 PMCID: PMC9492675 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03966-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient strategy for cancer therapy is presented, in which a tumor mass is initially pretreated with calcium hydroxide, then treated with Taxotere (TXT). In this regard, an advanced delivery system based on iron oxide nanoparticles has been designed. The surface of nanoparticles was functionalized with sortilin (SORT-1, a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody) that specifically encodes caov-4 ovarian cancerous cells. Plasmonic heating of the incorporated gold nanoparticles in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) has been exploited to control the release process of TXT. The in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo experiments have exhibited high efficacy of a seven-day pretreatment by Ca(OH)2 plus 14 days treatment program by Ca(OH)2@Fe3O4/PVA/Au-SORT nano-therapeutics, where more penetration ratio resulted in tumor growth inhibition by ca. 78.3%. As a result, due to showing high values of the anti-tumor properties and biosafety, the presented pretreatment strategy is suggested for more effective treatment on the aged tumors. A magnetic drug delivery system containing polyvinyl alcohol, gold nanoparticles, and sortilin antibody followed by the plasmonic photothermal heating strategy for the controlled drug release is proposed, with use in ovarian cancer demonstrated.
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13
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Balde A, Kim SK, Benjakul S, Nazeer RA. Pulmonary drug delivery applications of natural polysaccharide polymer derived nano/micro-carrier systems: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 220:1464-1479. [PMID: 36116588 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory distress syndrome and pneumothorax are the foremost causes of death as a result of the changing lifestyle and increasing air pollution. Numerous approaches have been studied for the pulmonary delivery of drugs, proteins as well as peptides using meso/nanoparticles, nanocrystals, and liposomes. These nano/microcarrier systems (NMCs) loaded with drug provide better systemic as well as local action. Furthermore, natural polysaccharide-based polymers such as chitosan (CS), alginate (AG), hyaluronic acid, dextran, and cellulose are highly used for the preparation of nanoparticles and delivery of the drug into the pulmonary tract due to their advantageous properties such as low toxicity, high hydrophobicity, supplementary mucociliary clearance, mucoadhesivity, and biological efficacy. These properties ease the delivery of drugs onto the targeted site. Herein, recent advances in the natural polymer-derived NMCs have been reviewed for their transport and mechanism of action into the bronchiolar region as well as the respiratory region. Various physicochemical properties such as surface charge, size of nanocarrier system, surface modifications, and toxicological effects of these nanocarriers in vitro and in vivo are elucidated as well. Furthermore, challenges faced for the preparation of a model NMCs for pulmonary drug delivery are also discoursed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshad Balde
- Biopharmaceuticals Lab, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603203, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Se-Kwon Kim
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 11558, South Korea
| | - Soottawat Benjakul
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkhla University, 90112 Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Rasool Abdul Nazeer
- Biopharmaceuticals Lab, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603203, Tamilnadu, India.
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14
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Soltani F, Kamali H, Akhgari A, Garekani HA, Nokhodchi A, Sadeghi F. Different trends for preparation of budesonide pellets with enhanced dissolution rate. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2022.103684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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15
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Dudhat K, Patel H. Preparation and evaluation of pirfenidone loaded chitosan nanoparticles pulmonary delivery for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-022-00419-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and fatal disorder caused by abnormal extracellular matrix deposition, which results in increasing dyspnea and loss of pulmonary function. Pirfenidone (PFD) has antifibrotic properties that have been approved by the US FDA for the treatment of IPF. Pirfenidone is currently delivered orally, which has drawbacks like reduced bioavailability in the presence of food, gastrointestinal (dyspepsia and anorexia), and dermatological (photosensitivity) side-effects, large amount of dose, and elimination half-life of 2.4 h. This study aimed was to prepare inhalable powders containing PFD-loaded chitosan nanoparticles for sustained delivery of the drug to the lung.
Result
The quasi-solvent diffusion method was used with optimized 100 mg PFD and 100 mg chitosan (CS). An in-vitro drug release research found that increasing the amount of chitosan reduced the rate of drug release from nanoparticles. Entrapment of PFD into chitosan nanoparticles decreased with the increased concentration of stabilizer concentration. All batches produced nanoparticles with a spherical morphology confirmed by SEM and sizes ranging from 239.3 ± 1.8 to 928.7 ± 4.6 nm. The optimized nanoparticles exhibited a mean particle size of 467.33 ± 7.8 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.127 ± 0.022, zeta potential of + 34.8 ± 1.6 mV, % entrapment efficiency (39.45 ± 4.63%), % drug release after 12 h (94.78 ± 2.88%), and in-vitro deposition (81.49%). Results showed that the obtained powders had different aerosolization properties. The particle size of nanoparticles reduced, and the process yield, extra-fine particle fraction, geometric standard diameter, and fine particle fraction increased significantly. Stability study showed, there are no aggregation observed and stable for six month study.
Conclusion
Prepared pirfenidone-loaded chitosan nanoparticles can be result of 6 months of stability studies that give details that there was no significant aggregation of PFD-loaded CS NPs and the spherical shape particle with smooth surface as per SEM studies. Hence, PFD-loaded CS NPs can be a suitable alternative to the currently available therapy.
Graphical abstract
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16
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Halevas E, Mavroidi B, Kaplanis M, Hatzidimitriou AG, Moschona A, Litsardakis G, Pelecanou M. Hydrophilic bis-MPA hyperbranched dendritic scaffolds as nanocarriers of a fully characterized flavonoid morin-Zn(II) complex for anticancer applications. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 232:111832. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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17
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Vanillin chitosan miscible hydrogel blends and their prospects for 3D printing biomedical applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 192:1266-1275. [PMID: 34687759 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, chitosan (CS) reacted with vanillin through a Schiff base reaction forming the vanillin-CS (VACS) derivative. FTIR and 1H NMR spectra confirmed the derivatization of CS, the enhanced swelling behavior was long-established while XRD measurement stated the semicrystalline nature of the VACS derivative. In a further step, blends between CS and VACS were prepared in ratios CS/VACS 90/10 up to 10/90 w/w and the formation of hydrogen bonds was noticed through FTIR and XRD measurements. Structural optimizations were performed within the framework of density functional theory and interaction energies Eint were calculated. Collectively, these results along with viscosity measurements and SEM images prove the miscibility of CS/VACS blends. In the optimum CS/VACS ratios, inks for 3D printing application were prepared in different concentrations (3%w/v, 4%w/v, 5%w/v, 6%w/v). The augmentation of the samples' viscosity values influenced by the polymeric concentration was assessed while their thereafter printing application was conducted.
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18
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Buntum T, Kongprayoon A, Mungyoi W, Charoenram P, Kiti K, Thanomsilp C, Supaphol P, Suwantong O. Wound-aided semi-solid poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels incorporating essential oil-loaded chitosan nanoparticles. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 189:135-141. [PMID: 34403671 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The potential of chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) loaded with essential oil (EO) incorporated into semi-solid PVA hydrogels for use in wound management was studied. Two types of essential oil were compared including clove essential oil (CEO) and turmeric essential oil (TEO). The EO-loaded CSNPs were prepared by a two-step method; oil-in-water (o/w) emulsification followed by ionic gelation using different ratios of chitosan:EO (i.e., 1:0.25, 1:0.50, 1:0.75, and 1:1.00 w/w). The increasing amount of EO caused more aggregate structure as observed from SEM images. The TEO-loaded CSNPs showed a higher extent of aggregation than the CEO-loaded CSNPs. The adhesiveness of the semi-solid PVA hydrogels containing TEO-loaded CSNPs was the highest. The use of EO-loaded CSNPs in the semi-solid PVA hydrogel helped to sustain and prolong the release rate of EO from the hydrogels as compared to just the EO alone. The studied semi-solid PVA hydrogels were non-toxic to both NCTC clone 929 and NHDF cells. Overall results suggested that these semi-solid hydrogels are good candidates for use in wound management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanawat Buntum
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | | | - Wanwisa Mungyoi
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | | | - Kitipong Kiti
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | | | - Pitt Supaphol
- The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Orawan Suwantong
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; Center of Chemical Innovation for Sustainability, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand.
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19
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Tammam SN, El Safy S, Ramadan S, Arjune S, Krakor E, Mathur S. Repurpose but also (nano)-reformulate! The potential role of nanomedicine in the battle against SARS-CoV2. J Control Release 2021; 337:258-284. [PMID: 34293319 PMCID: PMC8289726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) has taken the world by surprise. To date, a worldwide approved treatment remains lacking and hence in the context of rapid viral spread and the growing need for rapid action, drug repurposing has emerged as one of the frontline strategies in the battle against SARS-CoV2. Repurposed drugs currently being evaluated against COVID-19 either tackle the replication and spread of SARS-CoV2 or they aim at controlling hyper-inflammation and the rampaged immune response in severe disease. In both cases, the target for such drugs resides in the lungs, at least during the period where treatment could still provide substantial clinical benefit to the patient. Yet, most of these drugs are administered systemically, questioning the percentage of administered drug that actually reaches the lung and as a consequence, the distribution of the remainder of the dose to off target sites. Inhalation therapy should allow higher concentrations of the drug in the lungs and lower concentrations systemically, hence providing a stronger, more localized action, with reduced adverse effects. Therefore, the nano-reformulation of the repurposed drugs for inhalation is a promising approach for targeted drug delivery to lungs. In this review, we critically analyze, what nanomedicine could and ought to do in the battle against SARS-CoV2. We start by a brief description of SARS-CoV2 structure and pathogenicity and move on to discuss the current limitations of repurposed antiviral and immune-modulating drugs that are being clinically investigated against COVID-19. This account focuses on how nanomedicine could address limitations of current therapeutics, enhancing the efficacy, specificity and safety of such drugs. With the appearance of new variants of SARS-CoV2 and the potential implication on the efficacy of vaccines and diagnostics, the presence of an effective therapeutic solution is inevitable and could be potentially achieved via nano-reformulation. The presence of an inhaled nano-platform capable of delivering antiviral or immunomodulatory drugs should be available as part of the repertoire in the fight against current and future outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma N Tammam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, The German University in Cairo (GUC), 11835 Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Sara El Safy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, The German University in Cairo (GUC), 11835 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shahenda Ramadan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, The German University in Cairo (GUC), 11835 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sita Arjune
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Eva Krakor
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, , University of Cologne, Greinstraße 6, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sanjay Mathur
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, , University of Cologne, Greinstraße 6, 50939 Cologne, Germany
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Chloramphenicol Loaded Sponges Based on PVA/Nanocellulose Nanocomposites for Topical Wound Delivery. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs5080208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, polymer sponges based on poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were prepared for the topical wound administration of chloramphenicol (CHL), an antibiotic widely used to treat bacterial infections. Nanocellulose fibrils (CNF) were homogenously dispersed in PVA sponges in three different ratios (2.5, 5, and 10 wt %) to improve the mechanical properties of neat PVA sponges. Infrared spectroscopy showed hydrogen bond formation between CNF and PVA, while scanning electron microscopy photos verified the successful dispersion of CNF to PVA sponges. The addition of CNF successfully enhanced the mechanical properties of PVA sponges, exhibiting higher compressive strength as the content of CNF increased. The PVA sponge containing 10 wt % CNF, due to its higher compression strength, was further studied as a matrix for CHL delivery in 10, 20, and 30 wt % concentration of the drug. X-ray diffraction showed that CHL was encapsulated in an amorphous state in the 10 and 20 wt % samples, while some crystallinity was observed in the 30 wt % ratio. In vitro dissolution studies showed enhanced CHL solubility after its incorporation in PVA/10 wt % CNF sponges. Release profiles showed a controlled release lasting three days for the sample containing 10 wt % CHL and 1.5 days for the other two samples. According to modelling, the release is driven by a pseudo-Fickian diffusion.
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21
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Nanaki SG, Andrianidou S, Barmpalexis P, Christodoulou E, Bikiaris DN. Leflunomide Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles for the Preparation of Aliphatic Polyester Based Skin Patches. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13101539. [PMID: 34064952 PMCID: PMC8151527 DOI: 10.3390/polym13101539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the preparation of controlled-released leflunomide (LFD)-loaded skin patches was evaluated, utilizing the combination of chitosan (CS) nanoparticles (NPs) incorporated into suitable poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) or poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) polyester matrices. Initially, LFD-loaded CS NPs of ~600 nm and a smooth surface were prepared, while strong inter-molecular interactions between the drug and the CS were unraveled. In the following step, the prepared LFD-loaded CS NPs were incorporated into PLLA or PLGA, and thin-film patches were prepared via spin-coating. Analysis of the prepared films showed that the incorporation of the drug-loaded CS NPs resulted in a significant increase in the drug’s release rate and extent as compared to neat LFD-loaded polyester patches (i.e., prepared without the use of CS NPs). In-depth analysis of the prepared formulations showed that the amorphization of the drug within the matrix and the increased wetting properties of the prepared CS NPs were responsible for the improved thin-film patch characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavroula G. Nanaki
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.G.N.); (S.A.); (E.C.)
| | - Sophia Andrianidou
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.G.N.); (S.A.); (E.C.)
| | - Panagiotis Barmpalexis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Evi Christodoulou
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.G.N.); (S.A.); (E.C.)
| | - Dimitrios N. Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.G.N.); (S.A.); (E.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2310-997812
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22
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Halevas E, Kokotidou C, Zaimai E, Moschona A, Lialiaris E, Mitraki A, Lialiaris T, Pantazaki A. Evaluation of the Hemocompatibility and Anticancer Potential of Poly( ε-Caprolactone) and Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate) Microcarriers with Encapsulated Chrysin. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:109. [PMID: 33467090 PMCID: PMC7831015 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, novel chrysin-loaded poly(ε-caprolactone) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) microcarriers were synthesized according to a modified oil-in-water single emulsion/solvent evaporation method, utilizing poly(vinyl alcohol) surfactant as stabilizer and dispersing agent for the emulsification, and were evaluated for their physico-chemical and morphological properties, loading capacity and entrapment efficiency and in vitro release of their load. The findings suggest that the novel micro-formulations possess a spherical and relatively wrinkled structure with sizes ranging between 2.4 and 24.7 µm and a highly negative surface charge with z-potential values between (-18.1)-(-14.1) mV. The entrapment efficiency of chrysin in the poly(ε-caprolactone) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) microcarriers was estimated to be 58.10% and 43.63%, whereas the loading capacity was found to be 3.79% and 15.85%, respectively. The average release percentage of chrysin was estimated to be 23.10% and 18.01%, respectively. The novel micromaterials were further biologically evaluated for their hemolytic activity through hemocompatibility studies over a range of hematological parameters and cytoxicity against the epithelial human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB 231. The poly(ε-caprolactone) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) microcarriers reached an IC50 value with an encapsulated chrysin content of 149.19 µM and 312.18 µM, respectively, and showed sufficient blood compatibility displaying significantly low (up to 2%) hemolytic percentages at concentrations between 5 and 500 µg·mL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios Halevas
- Institute of Biosciences & Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15310 Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Chrysoula Kokotidou
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (C.K.); (A.M.)
- Institute for Electronic Structure and Laser FORTH, N. Plastira 100, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Elda Zaimai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Alexandra Moschona
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Laboratory of Natural Resources and Renewable Energies, Chemical Process and Energy Resources Institute, Centre for Research and Technology-Hellas (CERTH), 6th km Harilaou-Thermis, 57001 Thermi, Greece
| | - Efstratios Lialiaris
- Laboratory of Genetics, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (E.L.); (T.L.)
| | - Anna Mitraki
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (C.K.); (A.M.)
- Institute for Electronic Structure and Laser FORTH, N. Plastira 100, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Theodore Lialiaris
- Laboratory of Genetics, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (E.L.); (T.L.)
| | - Anastasia Pantazaki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
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Terzopoulou Z, Michopoulou A, Palamidi A, Koliakou E, Bikiaris D. Preparation and Evaluation of Collagen-Based Patches as Curcumin Carriers. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12102393. [PMID: 33080789 PMCID: PMC7602968 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with psoriasis are dissatisfied with the standard pharmacological treatments, whether systemic or topical, with many of them showing interest in complementary and alternative medicine. Curcumin (Cur), a natural polyphenol derived from turmeric, has recently gained attention for skin-related diseases because of its proven anti-inflammatory action. However, topical treatment with Cur would be inadequate because of its hydrophobicity, instability, and low bioavailability. In addition, hyperkeratosis and lack of moisture in psoriatic skin result in low penetration that would prevent actives from permeating the stratum corneum. In this work, a polymer-based formulation of Cur for the topical treatment of psoriasis is reported. To improve the physicochemical stability of Cur, it was first encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles. The Cur-loaded nanoparticles were incorporated in a hydrophilic, biocompatible collagen-based patch. The nanoparticle-containing porous collagen patches were then chemically cross-linked. Morphology, chemical interactions, swelling ratio, enzymatic hydrolysis, and Cur release from the patches were evaluated. All patches showed excellent swelling ratio, up to ~1500%, and after cross-linking, the pore size decreased, and their hydrolysis rates decelerated. The in vitro release of Cur was sustained with an initial burst release, reaching 55% after 24 h. Cur within the scaffolds imparted a proliferation inhibitory effect on psoriatic human keratinocytes in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoi Terzopoulou
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers and Dyes, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.P.); (D.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2310-997-812
| | - Anna Michopoulou
- Biohellenika Biotechnology Company, Leoforos Georgikis Scholis 65, GR 555 35 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Artemis Palamidi
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers and Dyes, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.P.); (D.B.)
| | - Elena Koliakou
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Dimitrios Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers and Dyes, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.P.); (D.B.)
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24
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Ainali NM, Xanthopoulou E, Michailidou G, Zamboulis A, Bikiaris DN. Microencapsulation of Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol Xinafoate in Modified Chitosan Microparticles for Release Optimization. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25173888. [PMID: 32859128 PMCID: PMC7503413 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan (CS) is a natural polysaccharide, widely studied in the past due to its unique properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability and non-toxicity. Chemical modification of CS is an effective pathway to prepare new matrices with additional functional groups and improved properties, such as increment of hydrophilicity and swelling rate, for drug delivery purposes. In the present study, four derivatives of CS with trans-aconitic acid (t-Acon), succinic anhydride (Succ), 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (2-HEA) and acrylic acid (AA) were prepared, and their successful grafting was confirmed by FTIR and 1H-NMR spectroscopies. Neat chitosan and its grafted derivatives were fabricated for the encapsulation of fluticasone propionate (FLU) and salmeterol xinafoate (SX) drugs, used for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), via the ionotropic gelation technique. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs demonstrated that round-shaped microparticles (MPs) were effectively prepared with average sizes ranging between 0.4 and 2.2 μm, as were measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS), while zeta potential verified in all cases their positive charged surface. FTIR spectroscopy showed that some interactions take place between the drugs and the polymeric matrices, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns exhibited that both drugs were encapsulated in MPs’ interior with a lower degree of crystallinity than the neat drugs. In vitro release studies of FLU and SX exposed a great amelioration in the drugs’ dissolution profile from all modified CS’s MPs, in comparison to those of neat drugs. The latter fact is attributed to the reduction in crystallinity of the active substances in the MPs’ interior.
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25
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Innovative Skin Product Emulsions with Enhanced Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and UV Protection Properties Containing Nanoparticles of Pure and Modified Chitosan with Encapsulated Fresh Pomegranate Juice. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12071542. [PMID: 32664701 PMCID: PMC7407418 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a chitosan (CS) derivative with the 2-(Methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide (SDAEM) zwitterionic monomer was prepared through chemical modification. The successful synthesis of CS-SDAEM was confirmed by Fourier-transform Infrared (FTIR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopies. Its crystallinity was studied by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), while in vitro cytotoxicity and cell viability assays established its biocompatibility. Filtered fresh pomegranate juice (PJ) was loaded in nanoparticles of neat CS and its derivative via ionic gelation method. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) revealed nanoparticles sizes varying between 426 nm and 4.5 μm, indicating a size-dependence on the polymer concentration used during encapsulation. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry detection (LC-PDA-ESI/MS) revealed that PJ active compounds were successfully and in sufficient amounts encapsulated in the nanoparticles interior, whereas XRD indicated a crystalline structure alteration after nanoencapsulation. The resulted PJ-loaded nanoparticles were further utilized for the preparation of innovative O/W cosmetic emulsions. All produced emulsions exhibited good pH and viscosity stability for up to 90 days, while the sun protection factor (SPF) was enhanced due to the presence of the PJ. Enhanced antioxidant and antimicrobial properties due to the phenolic compounds of PJ were also observed.
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Zamboulis A, Nanaki S, Michailidou G, Koumentakou I, Lazaridou M, Ainali NM, Xanthopoulou E, Bikiaris DN. Chitosan and its Derivatives for Ocular Delivery Formulations: Recent Advances and Developments. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1519. [PMID: 32650536 PMCID: PMC7407599 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan (CS) is a hemi-synthetic cationic linear polysaccharide produced by the deacetylation of chitin. CS is non-toxic, highly biocompatible, and biodegradable, and it has a low immunogenicity. Additionally, CS has inherent antibacterial properties and a mucoadhesive character and can disrupt epithelial tight junctions, thus acting as a permeability enhancer. As such, CS and its derivatives are well-suited for the challenging field of ocular drug delivery. In the present review article, we will discuss the properties of CS that contribute to its successful application in ocular delivery before reviewing the latest advances in the use of CS for the development of novel ophthalmic delivery systems. Colloidal nanocarriers (nanoparticles, micelles, liposomes) will be presented, followed by CS gels and lenses and ocular inserts. Finally, instances of CS coatings, aiming at conferring mucoadhesiveness to other matrixes, will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Zamboulis
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.N.); (G.M.); (I.K.); (M.L.); (N.M.A.); (E.X.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dimitrios N. Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.N.); (G.M.); (I.K.); (M.L.); (N.M.A.); (E.X.)
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