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Goyal N, Jerold F. Biocosmetics: technological advances and future outlook. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:25148-25169. [PMID: 34825334 PMCID: PMC8616574 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17567-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
The paper provides an overview of biocosmetics, which has tremendous potential for growth and is attracting huge business opportunities. It emphasizes the immediate need to replace conventional fossil-based ingredients in cosmetics with natural, safe, and effective ingredients. It assembles recent technologies viable in the production/extraction of the bioactive ingredient, product development, and formulation processes, its rapid and smooth delivery to the target site, and fosters bio-based cosmetic packaging. It further explores industries that can be a trailblazer in supplying raw material for extraction of bio-based ingredients for cosmetics, creating biodegradable packaging, or weaving innovation in fashion clothing. Lastly, the paper discusses what it takes to become the first generation of a circular economy and supports the implementation of strict regulatory guidelines for any cosmetic sold globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishu Goyal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, 248007, India.
| | - Frankline Jerold
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, 248007, India
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2
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Morais FP, Curto JMR. Design and Engineering of Natural Cellulose Fiber-Based Biomaterials with Eucalyptus Essential Oil Retention to Replace Non-Biodegradable Delivery Systems. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173621. [PMID: 36080697 PMCID: PMC9459893 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aims at the design and engineering of sustainable biomaterials based on natural fibers to replace non-renewable fiber sources in the development of non-woven delivery systems. Cellulose fibers were used as the main support to produce multi-structured materials with the incorporation of microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) as an additive. A 3D carboxymethylcellulose matrix retaining a natural bioactive product, eucalyptus essential oil, (CMC/EO), with controlled release functionalities, was also applied to these materials using bulk and spray coating methodologies. Additionally, using a 3D modeling and simulation strategy, different interest scenarios were predicted to design new formulations with improved functional properties. Overall, the results showed that MFC provided up to 5% improved strength (+48%) at the expense of reduced softness (−10%) and absorbency (−13%) and presented a good potential to be used as an additive to maximize natural eucalyptus fibers content in formulations. The addition of CMC/EO into formulations’ bulk revealed better strength properties (21–28%), while its surface coating improved absorption (23–25%). This indicated that both application methods can be used in structures proposed for different sustainable applications or a more localized therapy, respectively. This optimization methodology consists of a competitive benefit to produce high-quality functionalized biomaterials for added-value applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia P. Morais
- Fiber Materials and Environmental Technologies (FibEnTech-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, R. Marquês de D’Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
- Correspondence: (F.P.M.); (J.M.R.C.)
| | - Joana M. R. Curto
- Fiber Materials and Environmental Technologies (FibEnTech-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, R. Marquês de D’Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
- Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre (CIEPQPF), Universidade de Coimbra, R. Sílvio Lima, Polo II, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence: (F.P.M.); (J.M.R.C.)
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3
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Ali H, Ibrahim OM, Ali ASM, Mohamed MA, Ghareeb RY, Hafez EE, El-Aassar MR. Cross-Linked Chitosan/Gelatin Beads Loaded with Chlorella vulgaris Microalgae/Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Adsorbing Carcinogenic Bisphenol-A Pollutant from Water. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:27239-27248. [PMID: 35967052 PMCID: PMC9366769 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Water polluted by phenolic compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent biological system from a chitosan (CS), gelatin (GT), and Chlorella vulgaris freshwater microalgae (m-Alg) composite impregnated with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) for the remediation of bisphenol-A (BPA) from water. C. vulgaris was selected to be one of the constituents of the prepared composite because of its high capability in phytoremediation. The morphology and the structure of CS/GT*m-Alg/ZnO beads were characterized by SEM, FTIR, XRD, and TGA. Different monitoring experimental conditions, such as contact time, pH, BPA concentration, and sorbent dosage, were optimized. The optimum conditions for the adsorption process showed outstanding removal efficiency toward BPA at pH 4.0, contact time 40.0 min, and 40.0 mg L-1 BPA initial concentration. Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models have been studied for adsorption equilibrium, and the best fit is described by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The adsorption kinetics has been studied using pseudo-first-order (PFO), pseudo-second-order (PSO), Elovich, and intraparticle diffusion (IPD) models. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model shows the optimum experimental fit. The monolayer adsorption capacity of the prepared CS/GT*m-Alg/ZnO for BPA was determined to be 38.24 mg g-1. The prepared CS/GT*m-Alg/ZnO beads show advantageous properties, such as their high surface area, high adsorption capacity, reusability, and cost-effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazim
M. Ali
- Chemistry
Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka-2014, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar M. Ibrahim
- Department
of Medicine, Washington University School
of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | | | - Mahmoud A. Mohamed
- Polymer
Materials Research Department Advanced Technology and New Material
Institute, City of Scientific Research and
Technological Applications (SRTA City), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | - Rehab Y. Ghareeb
- Department
of Plant Protection and Bimolecular Diagnosis, Arid Lands Cultivation
Research Institute (ALCRI), City of Scientific
Research and Technological Applications (SRTA City), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | - Elsayed E. Hafez
- Department
of Plant Protection and Bimolecular Diagnosis, Arid Lands Cultivation
Research Institute (ALCRI), City of Scientific
Research and Technological Applications (SRTA City), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | - Mohamed R. El-Aassar
- Chemistry
Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka-2014, Saudi Arabia
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Santiesteban-Romero B, Martínez-Ruiz M, Sosa-Hernández JE, Parra-Saldívar R, Iqbal HMN. Microalgae Photo-Protectants and Related Bio-Carriers Loaded with Bioactive Entities for Skin Applications—An Insight of Microalgae Biotechnology. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20080487. [PMID: 36005491 PMCID: PMC9409820 DOI: 10.3390/md20080487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are photosynthetic organisms known for producing valuable metabolites under different conditions such as extreme temperatures, high salinity, osmotic pressure, and ultraviolet radiation. In recent years, these metabolites have become a trend due to their versatility in applications such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and others. They have even been proposed as an alternative source of bioactive metabolites to avoid the harmful effects on the environment produced by active compounds such as oxybenzone in commercials sunscreens. One of the most studied applications is the use of microalgae for skin care and topical use as cosmeceuticals. With the increasing demand for more environmentally friendly products in cosmetics, microalgae have been further explored in relation to this application. It has been shown that some microalgae are resistant to UV rays due to certain compounds such as mycosporine-like amino acids, sporopollenin, scytonemin, and others. These compounds have different mechanisms of action to mitigate UV damage induced. Still, they all have been proven to confer UV tolerance to microalgae with an absorbance spectrum like the one in conventional sunscreens. This review focuses on the use of these microalgae compounds obtained by UV stimulation and takes advantage of their natural UV-resistant characteristics to potentially apply them as an alternative for UV protection products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berenice Santiesteban-Romero
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (B.S.-R.); (M.M.-R.); (J.E.S.-H.)
| | - Manuel Martínez-Ruiz
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (B.S.-R.); (M.M.-R.); (J.E.S.-H.)
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Juan Eduardo Sosa-Hernández
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (B.S.-R.); (M.M.-R.); (J.E.S.-H.)
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Roberto Parra-Saldívar
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (B.S.-R.); (M.M.-R.); (J.E.S.-H.)
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Correspondence: (R.P.-S.); (H.M.N.I.)
| | - Hafiz M. N. Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (B.S.-R.); (M.M.-R.); (J.E.S.-H.)
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Correspondence: (R.P.-S.); (H.M.N.I.)
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5
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Zhang Z, Zhang X, Fu Z, Cao L, Xiong Z, Tang Y, Feng Y. Fibrous palygorskite clays as versatile nanocarriers for skin delivery of tea tree oils in efficient acne therapy. Int J Pharm 2022; 623:121903. [PMID: 35697203 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a facile approach to develop palygorskite (Pal), a fibrous clay mineral, as a delivery system of tea tree oil (TTO) for topical acne therapy. The obtained TTO-Pal composite showed an efficient loading of TTO (27.4%) with a selective accumulation of terpine-4-ol and 1,8-cineole (two major antimicrobial TTO constituents), sustained release of TTO at skin physiological conditions (pH5.4, 32 °C) and superior skin sebum (2.2 g/g) absorbability. In vitro toxicological assessments showed that the Pal incorporation strategy significantly reduced the acute contact toxicity of TTO. The antimicrobial results revealed a preferable bacteriostatic effect for the TTO-Pal system towards opportunistic dermal pathogens (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acnes) over the beneficial bacterium (Staphylococcus epidermis). Moreover, TTO-Pal based formulations exhibited pronounced clinical therapeutic efficacy in treating facial acne by rapidly reducing inflamed lesions, modulating skin sebum overproduction and restoring barrier function. This is the first report of using fibrous clay as a biocompatible nanocarrier system for topical delivery of essential oils in efficient management of facial acne with both in vitro and in vivo evidences, which may open perspectives for fibrous clay-drug delivery system in topical application and expand the high added value development of this mineral resource in the advanced healthcare fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolun Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhengpeng Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lihua Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ziyi Xiong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Yongjun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; Gansu West Attapulgite Application Research Institute, Baiyin, Gansu 730900, China.
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6
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Meftahi A, Samyn P, Geravand SA, Khajavi R, Alibkhshi S, Bechelany M, Barhoum A. Nanocelluloses as skin biocompatible materials for skincare, cosmetics, and healthcare: Formulations, regulations, and emerging applications. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 278:118956. [PMID: 34973772 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, skin biocompatible products are fast-growing markets for nanocelluloses with increasing number of patents published in last decade. This review highlights recent developments, market trends, safety assessments, and regulations for different nanocellulose types (i.e. nanoparticles, nanocrystals, nanofibers, nanoyarns, bacterial nanocellulose) used in skincare, cosmetics, and healthcare. The specific properties of nanocelluloses for skincare include high viscosity and shear thinning properties, surface functionality, dispersion stability, water-holding capacity, purity, and biocompatibility. Depending on their morphology (e.g. size, aspect ratio, geometry, porosity), nanocelluloses can be used as formulation modifiers, moisturizers, nanofillers, additives, membranes, and films. Nanocellulose composite particles were recently developed as carriers for bioactive compounds or UV-blockers and platforms for wound healing and skin sensors. As toxicological assessment depends on morphologies and intrinsic properties, stringent regulation is needed from the testing of efficient nanocellulose dosages. The challenges and perspectives for an industrial breakthrough are related to optimization of production and processing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Meftahi
- Department of Polymer and Textile Engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Center, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pieter Samyn
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Applied and Circular Chemistry, University Hasselt, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Sahar Abbasi Geravand
- Department of Technical & Engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Khajavi
- Department of Polymer and Textile Engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mikhael Bechelany
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM UMR 5635, Univ Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, 34730 Montpellier, France
| | - Ahmed Barhoum
- NanoStruc Research Group, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, 11795 Cairo, Egypt; School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, D09 Y074 Dublin, Ireland.
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7
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Zhong X, Gao F, Wei H, Zhou H, Zhou X. Functionalization of mesoporous silica as an effective composite carrier for essential oils with improved sustained release behavior and long-term antibacterial performance. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 33:035706. [PMID: 34649224 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac2fe2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a novel composite carrier system for loading essential oils was developed by using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) as silica precursors and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as a template, and the resultant aminated mesoporous silica was further chemically modified by polyacrylic acid (PAA). The obtained composite carriers exhibited a high loading capability toward tea tree oil (TTO), and they also significantly improved the release behavior of TTO due to the steric hindrance of silica mesopore and the polymer restriction. Besides, it was found that the release behavior followed the First-Order kinetic model, revealing that the release of TTO was driven by the concentration gradient. In addition, these composite carriers with essential oil-loaded demonstrated remarkable antibacterial performance againstE. coliandS. aureus, and they could retain antibacterial performance even after 50 d. Moreover, the antibacterial mechanism was also elucidated with the assistance of nucleic acid and conductivity measurements. Therefore, this work provides a facile and environmentally friendly approach to preparing effective composite carriers for improving the sustained release of essential oils, and the long-term antibacterial performance of these essential oil-loaded composite carriers makes them tremendously potential for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximing Zhong
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Green Fine Chemicals of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Gao
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Green Fine Chemicals of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjie Wei
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Green Fine Chemicals of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjun Zhou
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Green Fine Chemicals of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhua Zhou
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Green Fine Chemicals of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, People's Republic of China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Mao Ming, Guangdong 525000, People's Republic of China
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8
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Castro-López C, Espinoza-González C, Ramos-González R, Boone-Villa VD, Aguilar-González MA, Martínez-Ávila GCG, Aguilar CN, Ventura-Sobrevilla JM. Spray-drying encapsulation of microwave-assisted extracted polyphenols from Moringa oleifera: Influence of tragacanth, locust bean, and carboxymethyl-cellulose formulations. Food Res Int 2021; 144:110291. [PMID: 34053517 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In this work, polyphenols from Moringa oleifera (Mor) leaves were extracted by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and encapsulated by spray-drying (SD). Particularly, we explored the influence of tragacanth gum (TG), locust bean gum (LBG), and carboxymethyl-cellulose (CMC) as wall-materials on the physicochemical behavior of encapsulated Mor. Single or combined wall-material treatments (100:00 and 50:50 ratios, and total solid content 1%) were tested. The results showed the wall-material had a significant effect on the process yield (55.7-68.3%), encapsulation efficiency (24.28-35.74%), color (yellow or pale-yellow), total phenolic content (25.17-27.49 mg GAE g-1 of particles), total flavonoid content (23.20-26.87 mg QE g-1 of particles), antioxidant activity (DPPH• = 5.96-6.95 mg GAE g-1; ABTS•+ = 5.61-6.18 mg TE g-1 of particles), and particle size distribution (D50 = 112-1946 nm) of the encapsulated Mor. On the other hand, SEM analysis showed smooth and spherical particles, while TGA and DSC analyses confirmed the encapsulation of bioactive compounds based on the changes in thermal peaks. Finally, XRD analysis showed that the particles have an amorphous behavior. The encapsulated Mor produced with individual TG or CMC demonstrated better properties than those obtained from mixed gums. Thus, TG or CMC might be feasible wall materials for manufacturing encapsulated Mor that conserve the phenolic content and antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Castro-López
- Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila, School of Chemistry, Department of Food Science and Technology, 25280 Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Carlos Espinoza-González
- Research Center for Applied Chemistry, A.C. (CIQA A.C.), Sonomimetikos Research Group, 25294 Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo Ramos-González
- CONACYT- Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila, School of Chemistry, 25280 Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - V Daniel Boone-Villa
- Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila, School of Medicine, Northern Unit, 26090 Piedras Negras, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Miguel A Aguilar-González
- Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute A.C. (CINVESTAV-IPN A.C.)/Saltillo Unit, 25900 Ramos Arizpe, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Guillermo C G Martínez-Ávila
- Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, School of Agronomy, Laboratory of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 66050 General Escobedo, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Cristóbal N Aguilar
- Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila, School of Chemistry, Department of Food Science and Technology, 25280 Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Janeth M Ventura-Sobrevilla
- Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila, School of Chemistry, Department of Food Science and Technology, 25280 Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico.
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Rahman MS, Hasan MS, Nitai AS, Nam S, Karmakar AK, Ahsan MS, Shiddiky MJA, Ahmed MB. Recent Developments of Carboxymethyl Cellulose. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1345. [PMID: 33924089 PMCID: PMC8074295 DOI: 10.3390/polym13081345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is one of the most promising cellulose derivatives. Due to its characteristic surface properties, mechanical strength, tunable hydrophilicity, viscous properties, availability and abundance of raw materials, low-cost synthesis process, and likewise many contrasting aspects, it is now widely used in various advanced application fields, for example, food, paper, textile, and pharmaceutical industries, biomedical engineering, wastewater treatment, energy production, and storage energy production, and storage and so on. Many research articles have been reported on CMC, depending on their sources and application fields. Thus, a comprehensive and well-organized review is in great demand that can provide an up-to-date and in-depth review on CMC. Herein, this review aims to provide compact information of the synthesis to the advanced applications of this material in various fields. Finally, this article covers the insights of future CMC research that could guide researchers working in this prominent field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Saifur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Md. Saif Hasan
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh; (M.S.H.); (A.S.N.); (A.K.K.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Ashis Sutradhar Nitai
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh; (M.S.H.); (A.S.N.); (A.K.K.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Sunghyun Nam
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, 1100 Robert E. Lee Boulevard, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA;
| | - Aneek Krishna Karmakar
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh; (M.S.H.); (A.S.N.); (A.K.K.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Md. Shameem Ahsan
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh; (M.S.H.); (A.S.N.); (A.K.K.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Muhammad J. A. Shiddiky
- School of Environment and Science (ESC) and Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan 4111, Australia;
| | - Mohammad Boshir Ahmed
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea
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