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Bassey U, Bowles A, Fowler G, Tom AO, Beck G, Narra S, Nelles M, Hartmann M. Experimental investigation of products from thermal treatment of real-world mixed single-use and multi-layered waste plastics. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 247:118244. [PMID: 38266901 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The usage and disposal of highly abundant single-use and multilayered plastics contribute to significant ecological problems. The thermochemical recovery of these plastics to useful products and chemicals provides opportunity for positive economic and environmental impacts. Most previous research use idealised and unrepresentative feedstocks. To address this, various mixed waste plastics collected from the rejected fraction of a municipal waste recovery facility in Ghana were pyrolyzed at varying temperatures of 450, 500 and 550 °C and their yields compared. The obtained chemical products were analysed using several different techniques. Energy and carbon balances of the processes were produced using the CHNS and energy content of the oil fraction and the compositional results of the pyrolysis gas fraction, the latter of which was measured by Gas Chromatography Thermal Conductivity Detection (GC-TCD). The oils were further assessed via Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify the available valuable compounds. The formed oil contained approximately 40% light hydrocarbons (C6 - C11), 18% middle hydrocarbons (C11 - C16) and 42% heavy hydrocarbon compounds (C16+). The optimal oil yield of 65.9 ± 0.5% and low heating value of 44.7 ± 0.1 MJ/kg for single-use plastics were recorded at highest heating temperatures of 550 and 500 °C, respectively. The findings provide indication that pyrolysis is a fitting solution for energy recovery from waste plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uduak Bassey
- Berlin School of Technology, SRH Berlin University of Applied Sciences, Berlin, 10587, Germany; Department of Waste and Resource Management, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, 18051, Germany.
| | - Alex Bowles
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2BX, United Kingdom
| | - Geoff Fowler
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2BX, United Kingdom
| | - Abasi-Ofon Tom
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Gesa Beck
- Berlin School of Technology, SRH Berlin University of Applied Sciences, Berlin, 10587, Germany
| | - Satyanarayana Narra
- Department of Waste and Resource Management, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, 18051, Germany
| | - Michael Nelles
- Department of Waste and Resource Management, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, 18051, Germany
| | - Michael Hartmann
- Berlin School of Technology, SRH Berlin University of Applied Sciences, Berlin, 10587, Germany
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2
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Meng D, Li Y. Assessing the Settling Velocity of Biofilm-Encrusted Microplastics: Accounting for Biofilms as an Equivalent to Surface Roughness. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:1329-1337. [PMID: 38163930 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
While it is well established that a biofilm contributes to the sinking of plastics, the underlying mechanisms of how it influences the vertical transport of plastics have not been well explained. In this context, our study dives into the intricate effects of biofouling on the settling velocity (Ws) of microplastics (MPs) within the fluid. We adopt the perspective that the biofilm is a form of surface roughness impacting the drag coefficient (Cd) and vertical settling of MPs. By advancing the biofouling process model, we simulate the temporal variations of density and biofilm thickness of biofouled floating MPs, accounting for realistic parameters and assuming a layer-by-layer growth of biofilm on plastisphere surfaces. MPs of polyethylene (PE) exhibit a quicker initiation of descent compared to their polypropylene (PP) counterparts. Furthermore, leveraging computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation, the method to predict the Cd of spherical MPs with surface roughness is established. By treating the thickness of the biofilm as roughness height, an explicit method to predict the Ws of biofouled MPs is derived. The settling experiments for biofouled MPs conducted not only support the combination of the biofouling model and the explicit method to predict the Ws of biofouled MPs but also enhance the prediction accuracy by introducing a ratio parameter Co to better relate the equivalent surface roughness height (k) to the biofilm thickness (σ), i.e., k = Co·σ, where the recommended value of Co for spherical PP and PE MPs is between 0.5 to 0.8. This study, thus, provides new insights into the dynamics of biofouled MPs in hydraulic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daizong Meng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yuzhu Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Republic of Singapore
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Kim SW, Kim YT, Tsang YF, Lee J. Sustainable ethylene production: Recovery from plastic waste via thermochemical processes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166789. [PMID: 37666332 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The concept of monomer recovery from plastic waste has recently gained broad interest in industry as a powerful strategy to reduce the environmental impacts of chemical production and plastic waste pollution. Herein, we focus on the ethylene recovery from plastic waste via thermochemical pathways, such as pyrolysis, gasification, and steam cracking of pyrolysis oil derived from plastic waste. Ethylene recovery performance of different thermochemical conversion processes is evaluated and compared with respect to plastic waste types, process types, ethylene recovery yields, and process operating conditions. Based on the analysis of available data in earlier literature, future research is recommended to further enhance the viability of the thermochemical ethylene recovery technologies. This review is expected to offer a meaningful guideline on developing efficient platforms for the value-added monomer recovery from plastic waste through thermochemical conversion routes. It is also hoped that this review serves as a preliminary step to encourage the widespread adoption of thermochemical conversion-based ethylene recovery from plastic waste by industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Won Kim
- Department of Global Smart City, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Tae Kim
- Chemical and Process Technology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Yiu Fai Tsang
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies and State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution (SKLMP), The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, New Territories 999077, Hong Kong.
| | - Jechan Lee
- Department of Global Smart City, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; School of Civil, Architectural Engineering, and Landscape Architecture, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Xu J, Tian X, Huang W, Ke L, Fan L, Zhang Q, Cui X, Wu Q, Zeng Y, Cobb K, Liu Y, Ruan R, Wang Y. Production of C 5-C 12 olefins by catalytic pyrolysis of low-density polyethylene with MCM-41 in CO 2/N 2. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 899:165597. [PMID: 37467986 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
The current high volume of plastic waste, but low recycling rate, has led to environmental pollution and wasted energy. Greenhouse gas CO2 can facilitate thermal cracking to dehydrogenate waste plastics, and has potential value for producing olefins. In this work, the pyrolysis properties of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) were studied by thermogravimetric analysis and Py-GC/MS. The effect of the pyrolysis atmosphere, using N2 or CO2, with various MCM-41 catalyst ratios on pyrolysis product distribution, were investigated. The experimental results show that the olefin selectivity under a N2 atmosphere was from 30.32 % to 44.66 % which increased as the MCM-41 catalyst was increased. Under a CO2 atmosphere, the olefin selectivity reached a maximum of 60.39 %. The Boudouard reaction was also enhanced by the introduction of CO2. The carbon content of the subdivided olefins showed that in CO2, the promotion of C5-C12 olefins was relatively weak when non-catalyzed or at low catalytic ratios, but increased significantly at higher MCM-41 catalyst ratios. With a ratio of LDPE: MCM-41 = 5:4, the CO2 atmosphere showed the greatest promotion of C5-C12 olefins over N2, with an increase of 14.66 % compared to N2, representing a 48.54 % yield of the liquid product. Producing C5-C12 olefins under these conditions maximized energy efficiency. These results show that catalytic pyrolysis of LDPE under a CO2 atmosphere has great potential to produce C5-C12 olefins, which can be used to produce high-value chemicals such as naphtha and gasoline. This opens new opportunities for the chemical recycling of plastic waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Xiaojie Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Wanhao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Linyao Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Liangliang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, and School of Resources & Environment Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Xian Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Qiuhao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yuan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Kirk Cobb
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Yuhuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Roger Ruan
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Yunpu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
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Zhang Y, Chen X, Cheng L, Gu J, Xu Y. Conversion of Polyethylene to High-Yield Fuel Oil at Low Temperatures and Atmospheric Initial Pressure. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20054048. [PMID: 36901058 PMCID: PMC10001737 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The transformation of waste plastics into fuels via energy-efficient and low-cost pyrolysis could incentivize better waste plastic management. Here, we report pressure-induced phase transitions in polyethylene, which continue to heat up without additional heat sources, prompting the thermal cracking of plastics into premium fuel products. When the nitrogen initial pressure is increased from 2 to 21 bar, a monotonically increasing peak temperature is observed (from 428.1 °C to 476.7 °C). At 21 bar pressure under different atmosphere conditions, the temperature change driven by high-pressure helium is lower than that driven by nitrogen or argon, indicating that phase transition is related to the interaction between long-chain hydrocarbons and intercalated high-pressure medium layers. In view of the high cost of high-pressure inert gases, the promotion or inhibition effect of low-boiling hydrocarbons (transitioning into the gaseous state with increasing temperature) on phase transition is explored, and a series of light components are used as phase transition initiators to replace high-pressure inert gases to experiment. The reason that the quantitative conversion of polyethylene to high-quality fuel products is realized through the addition of 1-hexene at a set temperature of 340 °C and the initial atmospheric pressure. This discovery provides a method for recycling plastics by low energy pyrolysis. In addition, we envisage recovering some of the light components after plastic pyrolysis as phase change initiators for the next batch of the process. This method is able to reduce the cost of light hydrocarbons or high-pressure gas insertion, reduce heat input, and improve material and energy utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjia Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Xueru Chen
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Leilei Cheng
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jing Gu
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yulin Xu
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
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6
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Wang X, Li F, Ali A, Gu H, Fu H, Li Z, Lin H. Preparation of sodium silicate/red mud-based ZSM-5 with glucose as a second template for catalytic cracking of waste plastics into useful chemicals. RSC Adv 2022; 12:22161-22174. [PMID: 36043089 PMCID: PMC9364678 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03541c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ZSM-5 was economically synthesized with red mud (RM) and industrial sodium silicate (ISS) in a tetrapropylammonium bromide (TPABr)-glucose dual-template system. The roles of glucose, Fe and Ca in RM on the formation of ZSM-5 were investigated. The catalytic performances of the resultant ZSM-5 were tested by cracking waste plastics. It was found that the formation of ZSM-5 was attributed to a synergistic effect between TPABr and glucose. The addition of glucose decreased the pH value in the crystallization solution and thus promoted the crystallization effect. Glucose acted as a hard template to generate mesopores. Fe atoms were partly distributed in the framework and partly adsorbed in the pores of ZSM-5, and helped to generate more Lewis acid sites. Ca atoms were mainly adsorbed in the pores of ZSM-5, and showed an inhibitory effect on the formation of zeolites. The synthesized ZSM-5 showed a weakly acidic and mesoporous structure and achieved an enhanced effect on producing gaseous products (gas yield: 85.3%), especially light olefins (C[double bond, length as m-dash] 2-4) (selectivity: 77.1%) from cracking of low density polyethylene at 500 °C. The long-term cracking experiment showed that the synthesized ZSM-5 is superior in converting waste plastics to light olefins (ethylene and propene) than the commercial ZSM-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University Nanning 530004 People's Republic of China +86-771-3233718
| | - Fuwei Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University Nanning 530004 People's Republic of China +86-771-3233718
| | - Asad Ali
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University Nanning 530004 People's Republic of China +86-771-3233718
| | - Hengshuo Gu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University Nanning 530004 People's Republic of China +86-771-3233718
| | - Hongbing Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University Nanning 530004 People's Republic of China +86-771-3233718
| | - Zhixia Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University Nanning 530004 People's Republic of China +86-771-3233718
| | - Hongfei Lin
- Guangxi Bossco Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd Nanning 530007 People's Republic of China
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7
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Effects of cobalt oxide catalyst on pyrolysis of polyester fiber. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-022-1127-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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A Low-Cost Porous Polymer Membrane for Gas Permeation. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15103537. [PMID: 35629564 PMCID: PMC9142927 DOI: 10.3390/ma15103537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work, an efficient technique was used to produce porous membranes for different applications. Polyethylene (PE) was selected for the matrix, while corn starch (CS) was used to create the porous structure via leaching. The membranes were produced by continuous extrusion (blending)–calendering (forming) followed by CS leaching in a 20% aqueous acetic acid solution at 80 °C. A complete characterization of the resulting membranes was performed including morphological and mechanical properties. After process optimization, the gas transport properties through the membranes were determined on the basis of pure gas permeation including CH4, CO2, O2, and N2 for two specific applications: biogas sweetening (CH4/CO2) and oxygen-enriched air (O2/N2). The gas separation results for ideal permeability and selectivity at 25 °C and 1.17 bar (17 psi) show that these membranes are a good starting point for industrial applications since they are low-cost, easy to produce, and can be further optimized.
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Cheng L, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Gu J, Yuan H, Chen Y. Pyrolysis of long chain hydrocarbon-based plastics via self-exothermic effects: The origin and influential factors of exothermic processes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127476. [PMID: 34736180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Converting plastic wastes into value-added products through energy-efficient pyrolysis is essential, and it requires lower pyrolysis temperatures and shorter processing times than that of other processes. An exothermic phenomenon was observed during the process high-pressure polyethylene pyrolysis. It was proven for the first time that the exotherm is caused by a pressure-induced phase transition, in which colossal heat release can be driven by relatively small pressures. A large temperature change (> 100 °C) leads to the deep cracking of polyethylene, although the set temperature is far lower than the required temperature for thermal cracking. Importantly, the heat input stops immediately when the set temperature is reached; thus, the external heating time is short. Polyethylene can be completely converted into liquid products in ~90 wt% yield and with a small number of gases. The self-exothermic phase transition only occurs within a certain range of material thickness, which is related to the corresponding phase behavior. In the self-exothermic pyrolysis process, with an increase in the thickness of polyethylene, the proportion of low-value olefins in oil products decreases gradually, while alkanes, isoalkanes and aromatics show an increasing trend, making the product composition closer to the fuel standard. This work provides a viable approach for plastic recycling at low pyrolysis temperatures and short external heating times with the help of a self-exothermic phase transition in the absence of a catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Cheng
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China; Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; School of Energy Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yuyuan Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Energy Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Yazhuo Wang
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China; Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jing Gu
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China; Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Haoran Yuan
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China; Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Yong Chen
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China; Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Pyo S, Lee J, Kim YM, Park Y, Lee IH, Choi YJ, Rhee GH, Jung SC, Park YK. Suppression of the hazardous substances in catalytically upgraded bio-heavy oil as a precautious measure for clean air pollution controls. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 421:126732. [PMID: 34332475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bio-heavy oil (BHO) is a renewable fuel, but its efficient use is problematic because its combustion may emit hazardous air pollutants (e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds, NOx, and SOx). Herein, catalytic fast pyrolysis over HZSM-5 zeolite was applied to upgrading BHO to drop-in fuel-range hydrocarbons with reduced contents of hazardous species such as PAH compounds and N- and S-containing species (NOx and SOx precursors). The effects of HZSM-5 desilication and linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) addition to the feedstock on hydrocarbon production were explored. The apparent activation energy for the thermal decomposition of BHO was up to 37.5% lowered by desilicated HZSM-5 (DeHZSM-5) compared with HZSM-5. Co-pyrolyzing LLDPE with BHO increased the content of drop-in fuel-range hydrocarbons and decreased the content of PAH compounds. The DeHZSM-5 was effective in producing drop-in fuel-range hydrocarbons from a mixture of BHO and LLDPE and suppressing the formation of N- and S-containing species and PAH compounds. The DeHZSM-5 enhanced the hydrocarbon production by up to 58.5% because of its enhanced porosity and high acid site density compared to its parent HZSM-5. This study experimentally validated that BHO can be upgraded to less hazardous fuel via catalytic fast co-pyrolysis with LLDPE over DeHZSM-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumin Pyo
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdaero, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Jechan Lee
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering & Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, 206 World cup-ro, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Youna Park
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdaero, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Im Hack Lee
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdaero, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jun Choi
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdaero, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang Hoon Rhee
- Department of Mechanical and Information Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdaero, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Chul Jung
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57923, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kwon Park
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdaero, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea.
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Joo J, Lee S, Choi H, Lin KYA, Lee J. Single-Use Disposable Waste Upcycling via Thermochemical Conversion Pathway. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13162617. [PMID: 34451157 PMCID: PMC8400630 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, the pyrolysis of two types of single-use disposable waste (single-use food containers and corrugated fiberboard) was investigated as an approach to cleanly dispose of municipal solid waste, including plastic waste. For the pyrolysis of single-use food containers or corrugated fiberboard, an increase in temperature tended to increase the yield of pyrolytic gas (i.e., non-condensable gases) and decrease the yield of pyrolytic liquid (i.e., a mixture of condensable compounds) and solid residue. The single-use food container-derived pyrolytic product was largely composed of hydrocarbons with a wide range of carbon numbers from C1 to C32, while the corrugated fiberboard-derived pyrolytic product was composed of a variety of chemical groups such as phenolic compounds, polycyclic aromatic compounds, and oxygenates involving alcohols, acids, aldehydes, ketones, acetates, and esters. Changes in the pyrolysis temperature from 500 °C to 900 °C had no significant effect on the selectivity toward each chemical group found in the pyrolytic liquid derived from either the single-use food containers or corrugated fiberboard. The co-pyrolysis of the single-use food containers and corrugated fiberboard led to 6 times higher hydrogen (H2) selectivity than the pyrolysis of the single-use food containers only. Furthermore, the co-pyrolysis did not form phenolic compounds or polycyclic aromatic compounds that are hazardous environmental pollutants (0% selectivity), indicating that the co-pyrolysis process is an eco-friendly method to treat single-use disposable waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghee Joo
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, 206 World cup-ro, Suwon 16499, Korea;
| | - Seonho Lee
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Ajou University, 206 World cup-ro, Suwon 16499, Korea; (S.L.); (H.C.)
| | - Heeyoung Choi
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Ajou University, 206 World cup-ro, Suwon 16499, Korea; (S.L.); (H.C.)
| | - Kun-Yi Andrew Lin
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, Department of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Jechan Lee
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, 206 World cup-ro, Suwon 16499, Korea;
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Ajou University, 206 World cup-ro, Suwon 16499, Korea; (S.L.); (H.C.)
- Correspondence:
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